WEBVTT - The History of Refrigeration 0:00:01.440 --> 0:00:04.920 Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:11.119 --> 0:00:14.319 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, there's Chuck 0:00:14.440 --> 0:00:18.159 and Jerry. Chilly Willy Rowland is here. Do you in 0:00:18.200 --> 0:00:21.320 the recording? Wearing a little red beanie. It's been all 0:00:21.360 --> 0:00:26.360 cute and this is stuff as shit. You can see 0:00:26.400 --> 0:00:28.640 Jerry in my mind's eye. 0:00:29.200 --> 0:00:33.840 Oh look, I don't see Jerry. She has a setting 0:00:33.880 --> 0:00:38.120 on her on her setup where it's like show camera 0:00:38.200 --> 0:00:41.440 only to Josh m hm and not Chuck. 0:00:41.960 --> 0:00:43.720 And she's wearing a little red beanie and looks like 0:00:43.760 --> 0:00:44.640 a mini penguin. 0:00:45.640 --> 0:00:48.400 Yeah, but she has you can't smell her. She has 0:00:48.440 --> 0:00:51.199 a button to allow me to smell her even though 0:00:51.200 --> 0:00:55.560 she's in la and you know what, it smells like miso? Yep, 0:00:56.000 --> 0:00:58.600 but she may have gotten at miso from the fridge. 0:01:00.080 --> 0:01:03.400 Oh okay, all right, I see what you're doing. Nice work, Chuck. 0:01:03.440 --> 0:01:05.720 That was a good old stuff you should know, segue 0:01:06.400 --> 0:01:09.120 and in full stuff you should know fashion. I stepped 0:01:09.160 --> 0:01:12.440 all over it, so it didn't actually work that well, No. 0:01:12.600 --> 0:01:13.039 That's right. 0:01:13.840 --> 0:01:16.240 Yes, we are talking about refrigeration, which is why you 0:01:16.280 --> 0:01:21.200 brought that up. And again, nice work. This is one 0:01:21.240 --> 0:01:26.560 of those I guess topics that has popped up myriad 0:01:26.600 --> 0:01:31.080 ways in myriad episodes, So I mean literally thirty thousand 0:01:31.080 --> 0:01:35.760 ways and thirty thousand episodes, and this is one of 0:01:35.760 --> 0:01:37.360 those stuff you should know things where we're just gonna 0:01:37.360 --> 0:01:39.959 bring it all together and finally talk about the main topic. 0:01:40.760 --> 0:01:43.440 Yeah, big thanks to Olivia for her help with this. 0:01:43.560 --> 0:01:47.520 And this was a me idea because I think after 0:01:47.520 --> 0:01:50.160 our history of dentistry, I just sort of got turned 0:01:50.200 --> 0:01:52.440 on by the idea of the history of like certain 0:01:53.120 --> 0:01:57.680 just commonplace practices and things these days. And maybe it 0:01:57.720 --> 0:01:59.120 got something out of the fridge one day and it 0:01:59.200 --> 0:02:02.600 was like, oh, man, refrigerators, you really changed the game. 0:02:03.840 --> 0:02:05.920 Did you wonder to yourself out loud or were you 0:02:06.000 --> 0:02:06.560 just thinking this? 0:02:07.160 --> 0:02:09.119 I think I did, and Emily said, what the heck 0:02:09.160 --> 0:02:11.839 are you talking about? And then of course they did. 0:02:11.960 --> 0:02:13.679 But I was kind of curious, like, I bet it's 0:02:13.760 --> 0:02:16.040 changed the game in more ways than I think. And 0:02:16.080 --> 0:02:18.800 that was sort of Libya's charge, and uh, here we 0:02:18.840 --> 0:02:20.400 go with that, because I think it did change in 0:02:20.480 --> 0:02:21.600 more ways than I thought it might have. 0:02:21.680 --> 0:02:23.239 Oh, I was gonna ask that I had a follow 0:02:23.320 --> 0:02:24.920 up question, and then you just answered it. 0:02:25.400 --> 0:02:27.560 Yes, it was satisfying. The result was for me. 0:02:28.120 --> 0:02:32.280 So the I think initially you were thinking like refrigerators, 0:02:32.280 --> 0:02:36.800 like home refrigeration. Yeah, she'd be like warehouse refrigeration, fairly 0:02:36.960 --> 0:02:40.400 recent refrigeration. But Olivia, like you said, who helped us 0:02:40.400 --> 0:02:42.360 with this one? No? No, and wag your finger. And 0:02:42.360 --> 0:02:46.080 so this stuff goes way back beyond this chalk and 0:02:46.120 --> 0:02:49.040 you said, how did you get in my kitchen? Right? 0:02:49.800 --> 0:02:52.480 Yeah, so we're going to start early, way way before 0:02:52.720 --> 0:02:56.760 mechanical refrigeration. Uh, there was still refrigeration, which just means 0:02:56.840 --> 0:03:01.120 keeping something cold. Yeah, a refrigerator is mechanical version of that. 0:03:01.240 --> 0:03:04.639 But in olden times, one might even say ancient times, 0:03:05.480 --> 0:03:07.919 people were still trying to keep things cold. Like, since 0:03:07.960 --> 0:03:11.720 we figured out that cold things lasted longer, people have 0:03:11.800 --> 0:03:13.800 been trying to keep things cold in various ways. 0:03:13.919 --> 0:03:17.679 Yeah, cold keeps the flies away, yeah exactly. Ites don't 0:03:17.720 --> 0:03:21.160 like cold. So one of the things that people have 0:03:21.280 --> 0:03:25.320 long loved to do is cool down their drinks, right, 0:03:25.600 --> 0:03:28.480 m m. It's just something you can take for granted 0:03:28.520 --> 0:03:31.880 these days. But that's one of the first uses people 0:03:32.200 --> 0:03:36.840 put cold storage or refrigeration to, which was the store 0:03:36.920 --> 0:03:38.880 ice so that they could chop it off with an 0:03:39.280 --> 0:03:41.800 ancient ice pick, probably made out of a bone or 0:03:41.960 --> 0:03:45.200 tusk or something like that, and put it in their drinks. 0:03:45.840 --> 0:03:49.400 And as we'll see, like that, that's just long been 0:03:49.520 --> 0:03:53.080 a desire of people. But whenever someone has access to 0:03:53.160 --> 0:03:55.440 ice in places you normally can't get ice, that's one 0:03:55.480 --> 0:03:57.560 of the first things they do to it. And it's 0:03:57.600 --> 0:04:01.400 also almost always a sign of wealth to start off, 0:04:01.440 --> 0:04:01.880 for sure. 0:04:02.840 --> 0:04:06.320 Yeah, I find it interesting that. And now you know, 0:04:06.320 --> 0:04:09.560 I've traveled my fair share around Europe and I was 0:04:09.600 --> 0:04:11.960 shocked early on in my twenties when a lot of 0:04:11.960 --> 0:04:15.480 the drinks came without ice. Yeah, and they said, you know, 0:04:15.520 --> 0:04:19.200 that's sort of the European way, because in Italy and 0:04:19.279 --> 0:04:23.400 ancient Greece and ancient Rome, the people that had the 0:04:23.400 --> 0:04:26.080 dough they were putting ice in those drinks. And that's 0:04:26.080 --> 0:04:28.520 because iced drinks are better. 0:04:29.240 --> 0:04:32.600 Yeah, across the board, to me, they are. 0:04:32.680 --> 0:04:34.440 I know, everyone has their own things. Some people have 0:04:34.480 --> 0:04:37.839 sensitivities teeth wise and things like that, so I get that. 0:04:38.000 --> 0:04:42.159 But I've always been a super icy drink guy. I 0:04:42.200 --> 0:04:43.800 love them cold, cold, cold. 0:04:43.680 --> 0:04:48.360 And even if you're like into cocktails, like you might 0:04:48.360 --> 0:04:51.039 not want ice in your drink. But I'll bet you 0:04:51.160 --> 0:04:52.640 used ice to chill that drink. 0:04:53.839 --> 0:04:57.400 Hey, unless you just like a straight up warm room 0:04:57.400 --> 0:05:02.159 temperature neat whiskey, which is yourative. Sure of course you 0:05:02.200 --> 0:05:04.280 need to be cool in those drinks down really well, 0:05:04.320 --> 0:05:06.360 Like a cool drink isn't great, you gotta have it cold. 0:05:06.520 --> 0:05:10.040 I remember there's one of the lamest mixology trends that 0:05:10.240 --> 0:05:13.200 somebody tried to start, and there was it was around 0:05:13.279 --> 0:05:15.760 long enough for there to be some press on it, 0:05:15.839 --> 0:05:19.679 and it just went away inevitably. It was home temperature cocktails. 0:05:20.080 --> 0:05:23.360 Ah yeah, Like, why would you do that? You might 0:05:23.400 --> 0:05:25.360 as well make sure that every single one of them 0:05:25.400 --> 0:05:27.159 has to have celery bidders in it too. 0:05:28.279 --> 0:05:30.400 Yeah, And I know we're going to get people that say, like, 0:05:30.480 --> 0:05:32.480 I don't like things that cold, so even if they 0:05:32.480 --> 0:05:36.599 don't have teeth sensitivity. So again, people like what they like. 0:05:37.160 --> 0:05:39.720 But uh, I'm an ice since I was a kid. 0:05:39.800 --> 0:05:42.960 A tall glass of the iciest ice water is the 0:05:43.000 --> 0:05:44.640 most refreshing thing I can put in my mouth. 0:05:44.760 --> 0:05:47.680 Huh. I just realized I drink room temperature water. I 0:05:47.720 --> 0:05:50.359 have a glass of it right here, So I guess 0:05:50.520 --> 0:05:52.640 I can't just stand with you one hundred percent there, Chuck, 0:05:52.640 --> 0:05:53.200 I'm sorry. 0:05:53.920 --> 0:05:56.200 Well, actually, the studio is the only place where I 0:05:56.240 --> 0:05:58.839 don't drink iced water because it makes noise, So I 0:05:58.880 --> 0:06:02.360 have a a you know, out of the refrigerator coold, 0:06:02.360 --> 0:06:03.280 so it's still pretty cold. 0:06:03.360 --> 0:06:08.080 Sure, supposedly your body metabolizes room temperature water much more easily, 0:06:08.520 --> 0:06:12.440 but supposedly you also burn more calories warming water up 0:06:12.480 --> 0:06:16.119 in your body. So all right, you're gonna be torn. 0:06:17.120 --> 0:06:18.400 Well, I believe you because you said it. 0:06:18.480 --> 0:06:21.919 One other thing about ice and drinks, I think the 0:06:22.000 --> 0:06:25.120 best martinis are the ones that have you get them 0:06:25.200 --> 0:06:28.440 so cold that they have like a little shard of 0:06:28.480 --> 0:06:30.599 like arctic ice on the top. 0:06:31.760 --> 0:06:34.800 I love that. But supposedly that's not the way, but 0:06:34.920 --> 0:06:35.400 I love that. 0:06:35.800 --> 0:06:38.760 I love it too. It's so good out ooh. 0:06:38.560 --> 0:06:42.120 And are getting so sidetracked over these drinks. We're not 0:06:42.160 --> 0:06:45.520 even through like the first paragraph here. But the martini, 0:06:45.640 --> 0:06:48.600 the ultimate martini, is when they do that, and then 0:06:48.640 --> 0:06:52.160 they bring you the tiny, you know, little half pitcher 0:06:53.120 --> 0:06:54.800 sitting in a little tiny bowl of ice. 0:06:54.880 --> 0:06:56.680 Yeah, I love that too. And then also when they 0:06:56.800 --> 0:06:59.560 leave five thousand dollars in cash with you as well, 0:06:59.640 --> 0:07:03.600 for no reason other than ordering the five thousand dollars Martini. 0:07:05.120 --> 0:07:07.080 All right, So people are cooling their drinks with ice 0:07:07.160 --> 0:07:12.520 in ancient times and places around the seventh century. Of course, 0:07:12.560 --> 0:07:15.119 the Chinese are always discovering the biggest and best ways 0:07:15.160 --> 0:07:19.040 to do things. Way back in the day, they found. 0:07:18.760 --> 0:07:22.559 Out you hedged yourself right then, and I was like, oh, 0:07:22.600 --> 0:07:23.320 be careful, right. 0:07:24.000 --> 0:07:28.320 Saltpeter, which is used in making gunpowder, was found to 0:07:28.400 --> 0:07:30.680 absorb heat when dissolved in water, so they. 0:07:30.640 --> 0:07:31.360 Would not know that. 0:07:31.560 --> 0:07:33.840 Maybe one of the first artificial cooling methods was to 0:07:33.840 --> 0:07:36.840 make a little saltpeter bath and you would just sit 0:07:36.960 --> 0:07:39.240 a jar of whatever you want to keep cool in 0:07:39.360 --> 0:07:40.320 that cooler water. 0:07:40.400 --> 0:07:44.760 Pretty cool, get it. Yep, That's gonna happen many times, 0:07:44.800 --> 0:07:47.040 and I'll never do it on purpose, so I just 0:07:47.080 --> 0:07:49.040 apologize in advance. 0:07:49.720 --> 0:07:50.040 Yeah. 0:07:50.160 --> 0:07:52.160 One of the other things that people figured out pretty 0:07:52.240 --> 0:07:56.240 quickly is that when you have a liquid evaporating, usually water, 0:07:57.080 --> 0:08:02.840 as it evaporates turns from liquid to gas. That phase 0:08:02.920 --> 0:08:05.040 change is what they call it. The eggheads call it 0:08:05.080 --> 0:08:09.920 a phase change. It requires energy, and typically it gets 0:08:09.960 --> 0:08:14.120 that energy to change phase from heat, my god, the heat, 0:08:15.160 --> 0:08:17.960 and it usually just pulls it from the surrounding air, 0:08:18.000 --> 0:08:21.200 which means that when a liquid turns into a gas, 0:08:21.280 --> 0:08:25.560 the air around it is cooler because it pulls that 0:08:25.680 --> 0:08:27.960 heat right out of the air to use it for 0:08:28.040 --> 0:08:30.520 the phase change. And if you have some way of 0:08:31.120 --> 0:08:37.280 moving that cooler water from around whatever vessel of or sorry, 0:08:37.320 --> 0:08:40.960 the cooler air from around the vessel of water that's evaporating, 0:08:41.360 --> 0:08:45.559 you have yourself a primitive air conditioning system that sometimes 0:08:45.600 --> 0:08:46.800 called it swamp cooler. 0:08:46.840 --> 0:08:50.480 I saw, Yeah, I've heard that before. This is something 0:08:50.520 --> 0:08:54.719 that has been done in India for centuries and centuries. 0:08:54.800 --> 0:08:57.920 And you know, it's not refrigerator cold, but if you're 0:08:57.960 --> 0:09:00.000 looking to keep something cool and something a little bit, 0:09:00.320 --> 0:09:01.880 and it's not a bad way to do it, for sure. 0:09:01.800 --> 0:09:05.160 No, for sure. And it has to be this is 0:09:05.200 --> 0:09:09.319 the downside. It has to be a dry, hot place. Yeah, 0:09:09.360 --> 0:09:11.560 if it's muggy out then it's not going to have 0:09:11.640 --> 0:09:12.840 much in an effect. 0:09:13.240 --> 0:09:15.920 But I also saw it a swamp ironically, Yeah, I. 0:09:15.880 --> 0:09:18.560 Thought that was weird too. I also saw one of 0:09:18.559 --> 0:09:21.440 the other really basic uses for is to dampen a 0:09:21.520 --> 0:09:24.680 towel and hang it in front of a breezy window 0:09:25.240 --> 0:09:28.000 and as that water evaporates in the towel as it 0:09:28.080 --> 0:09:31.360 dries off is what the lady people call it. The 0:09:31.440 --> 0:09:35.640 breeze pushes that cooler air into your house. And I 0:09:35.720 --> 0:09:38.559 realized that I was having trouble like envisioning this stuff 0:09:38.600 --> 0:09:41.520 for why anybody would go to the trouble And I 0:09:41.600 --> 0:09:44.720 was like, oh, yeah, before the kind of AC and 0:09:44.800 --> 0:09:47.840 refrigeration that we're used to, you had to go to 0:09:47.880 --> 0:09:51.040 all sorts of trouble. It's just so easy to take 0:09:51.080 --> 0:09:54.520 for granted these days. But before this and in other 0:09:54.559 --> 0:09:57.520 places where they don't have AC, people would hang damp 0:09:57.600 --> 0:10:00.800 towels in front of a breezy window to get cooler. 0:10:01.480 --> 0:10:03.839 That's how desperate they were to cool down. 0:10:04.800 --> 0:10:07.360 Yeah, I imagine knocking something down a few degrees makes 0:10:07.360 --> 0:10:09.720 a big difference. Yeah, you know in the pre AC days, 0:10:09.720 --> 0:10:13.040 you know, sure, bearing things in the ground is also 0:10:13.080 --> 0:10:15.679 a good way to keep things cool. You know, like 0:10:15.880 --> 0:10:19.160 three to five feet down, you're gonna find pretty consistent 0:10:19.200 --> 0:10:22.240 temperatures depending on where you are. If you're in the north, 0:10:22.280 --> 0:10:24.719 it can be forty five to fifty degrees down there, 0:10:25.600 --> 0:10:28.479 more like seventy in the south, and you know that's fahrenheit. 0:10:28.800 --> 0:10:31.840 And of course, anyone who's ever spent any time camping 0:10:31.920 --> 0:10:35.160 or hiking, knows, as I did when I was a kid. 0:10:35.200 --> 0:10:39.120 My dad would build a little like cordoned off area 0:10:39.240 --> 0:10:42.560 with stacked rocks in a very cold mountain river to 0:10:42.559 --> 0:10:44.439 put like jugs of milk and stuff like that, and 0:10:44.520 --> 0:10:45.800 when we were camping as a family. 0:10:46.040 --> 0:10:50.079 Yeah, there's things called spring houses or spring boxes, depending 0:10:50.120 --> 0:10:52.600 on how big the structure is. But typically if you 0:10:52.640 --> 0:10:55.480 have a stream or a spring running through your homestead, 0:10:55.920 --> 0:10:59.640 which from what I've read recently is like like point 0:10:59.720 --> 0:11:02.560 number one that you want to make sure your homestead 0:11:02.600 --> 0:11:04.840 has as a source of fresh water, one of the 0:11:04.880 --> 0:11:08.000 cool things you could do with that is to build 0:11:08.320 --> 0:11:12.160 an enclosure around it. But first within the enclosure, what 0:11:12.200 --> 0:11:14.880 you want to build is like a kind of like 0:11:14.920 --> 0:11:18.320 a widened area for the stream to flow into, and 0:11:18.320 --> 0:11:20.240 then it kind of fills up and then it exits 0:11:20.280 --> 0:11:22.600 the other side of this widened area. So you narrow 0:11:22.640 --> 0:11:26.240 the channel of the spring or the stream line it 0:11:26.280 --> 0:11:29.599 with rocks, line this box with rocks, basically, and it 0:11:30.240 --> 0:11:33.680 stays about half full year round of this nice cool 0:11:34.320 --> 0:11:37.600 mountain spring or mountain stream water, and you just keep 0:11:37.600 --> 0:11:40.280 your butter in there and crocs and stuff. So it's 0:11:40.400 --> 0:11:43.479 just like doing it in the stream, but you're basically 0:11:43.520 --> 0:11:46.760 making it a little easier to store your things in there, 0:11:46.760 --> 0:11:48.320 and you could put more stuff in it than you 0:11:48.360 --> 0:11:51.360 would if you just threw it in the stream like 0:11:51.400 --> 0:11:55.760 a total hay seed. Like even even the mountainous of 0:11:55.880 --> 0:11:58.199 mountain people are like, you don't you didn't go to 0:11:58.280 --> 0:12:02.120 the trouble of building a spring for somebody who just 0:12:02.160 --> 0:12:04.640 throws it into the stream themselves. 0:12:04.960 --> 0:12:08.400 Yeah, so far keeping track now you have name checked eggheads, 0:12:08.559 --> 0:12:09.960 lay people, and. 0:12:10.040 --> 0:12:11.640 Hay seeds and mountain folk. 0:12:12.120 --> 0:12:17.040 Yeah, and mountain folk, that's what we do here. So 0:12:17.679 --> 0:12:20.559 in the seventeenth century in Europe they had official ice 0:12:20.600 --> 0:12:25.080 houses and they were you know, you'd bring down ice 0:12:25.080 --> 0:12:27.000 from where you could get ice, like literal just ice 0:12:27.040 --> 0:12:30.000 from the wild, like in Scandinavia, and they were using 0:12:30.080 --> 0:12:34.680 it to preserve food obviously also for like the medical 0:12:34.720 --> 0:12:37.880 community would use it for different things and also chilling 0:12:37.920 --> 0:12:40.880 those drinks. Still, but you know, you would you could 0:12:40.960 --> 0:12:42.840 use ice to treat burns and things like that, to 0:12:42.880 --> 0:12:46.640 bring down a fever, you know, making things cooler was 0:12:46.640 --> 0:12:48.040 a big benefit to a doctor. 0:12:48.480 --> 0:12:51.000 Yeah. Also remember in our feet of cold starve a 0:12:51.080 --> 0:12:53.720 fever short stuff. We talked about how there was like 0:12:53.760 --> 0:12:59.920 a doctor's viewed heat and cold as a duality of health. So, yeah, 0:13:00.120 --> 0:13:03.080 somebody was sick with one of the hot sicknesses, you 0:13:03.080 --> 0:13:05.560 would probably give them a cold drink and that was 0:13:05.600 --> 0:13:07.640 considered as good as medicine is today. 0:13:08.440 --> 0:13:11.880 Yeah, or of course any you know, sprains and you 0:13:11.880 --> 0:13:14.720 know muscle pulls, things like that. Heat and ice. It 0:13:14.760 --> 0:13:17.920 can be used in various ways. Sure, the rice method, 0:13:18.040 --> 0:13:18.839 you know. Sure. 0:13:20.200 --> 0:13:21.839 So one other thing I want to mention real quick 0:13:21.960 --> 0:13:25.440 is we're talking about people like technologies that are like 0:13:25.559 --> 0:13:28.680 thousands of years old. There was something called a yakh 0:13:28.760 --> 0:13:33.560 chawl that Persians created that to listeners may or may 0:13:33.640 --> 0:13:37.280 not sound familiar, depending on when we release the short 0:13:37.360 --> 0:13:38.120 stuff on it. 0:13:39.000 --> 0:13:41.760 Yeah, so it's either just out or coming out soon. 0:13:41.920 --> 0:13:44.000 It's getting its own short stuff because it was just 0:13:44.120 --> 0:13:44.880 kind of too much there. 0:13:44.880 --> 0:13:46.400 It was pretty cool, Yeah, but it was like an 0:13:46.440 --> 0:13:49.880 ancient Persian ice making machine that dates back at least 0:13:49.960 --> 0:13:53.400 to four hundred BCE, which is really impressive. But yeah, 0:13:53.400 --> 0:13:56.720 we'll get way more in depth on those in whatever 0:13:56.760 --> 0:13:59.600 short stuff we do. But the point is that people 0:13:59.679 --> 0:14:01.319 have been doing doing this for a really long time, 0:14:01.600 --> 0:14:05.760 and they figured out some really ingenious technologies that harness 0:14:05.920 --> 0:14:09.800 natural processes to cool and as we kind of progress 0:14:09.920 --> 0:14:13.800 through the technology, you'll see that we're basically doing the 0:14:13.840 --> 0:14:17.840 same thing just a little more whiz bang, much more efficiently. 0:14:18.240 --> 0:14:22.240 It delivers much cooler air or water whatever we're cooling, 0:14:23.040 --> 0:14:25.640 but it's still basically the same premise as what we 0:14:25.680 --> 0:14:28.320 were doing thousands of years ago to keep things cool. 0:14:29.160 --> 0:14:32.200 Yeah, totally. I think it's super cool. If you want 0:14:32.200 --> 0:14:36.800 to talk about like real ice, and there's this really extensive, 0:14:36.800 --> 0:14:39.400 in depth, long New Yorker thing, which you know, most 0:14:39.440 --> 0:14:42.760 New Yorker things are about Frederick Tudor, the Ice King, 0:14:43.840 --> 0:14:46.520 who's around in the nineteenth century. And he was the 0:14:46.560 --> 0:14:49.160 guy that was like, hey, we got all this ice 0:14:49.360 --> 0:14:51.960 up in New England, like our lakes are literally frozen, 0:14:52.720 --> 0:14:54.840 and why don't we try and make some money by 0:14:54.840 --> 0:14:58.120 shipping this ice out? He had, you know, he tried 0:14:58.120 --> 0:15:00.520 to get investors and they were like, I don't know, 0:15:00.600 --> 0:15:03.480 it seems like that stuff is going to melt if 0:15:03.520 --> 0:15:05.240 you put it on a ship and try and send 0:15:05.280 --> 0:15:09.240 it to Cuba. And he said, oh, watch me, and 0:15:09.360 --> 0:15:12.760 he puts some on a ship and sent some toward 0:15:12.880 --> 0:15:15.560 Cuba and it melted and he was like, oh man, 0:15:15.600 --> 0:15:18.040 they were totally right. But he kept at it and 0:15:18.120 --> 0:15:20.880 kept at it. And you know, they used to use 0:15:20.920 --> 0:15:23.320 things like straw to help keep the ice a little 0:15:23.320 --> 0:15:26.640 more insulated, and he said, sawdust actually works a whole 0:15:26.680 --> 0:15:30.400 lot better. And he and other people got in on 0:15:30.440 --> 0:15:34.360 the game. And there was like American ice being chipped 0:15:34.400 --> 0:15:36.920 all over the world in the nineteenth century, which is 0:15:37.160 --> 0:15:39.000 and making it there, which is kind of hard to believe. 0:15:39.360 --> 0:15:44.440 Yes, And I've been racking my brain what episode we 0:15:44.640 --> 0:15:48.200 first introduced the ice King in. I cannot, for the 0:15:48.280 --> 0:15:51.520 life of me remember what it was loose, I don't know, 0:15:51.680 --> 0:15:54.920 I don't think so, I really don't remember what it was. 0:15:55.000 --> 0:15:57.960 But he popped up again later in our episode on 0:15:58.200 --> 0:16:01.600 Thorreau because one of the places where he was cutting 0:16:01.600 --> 0:16:04.480 ice from was Walden Lake, and Threau noted the ice 0:16:04.560 --> 0:16:10.840 King cutting ice in Walden Pond, Sorry, Mayners, while he 0:16:11.040 --> 0:16:15.240 was writing his book Walden. I think he appears in Walden. 0:16:16.000 --> 0:16:18.560 Two things you just named checked Mayners, that's another one. 0:16:18.840 --> 0:16:21.960 And Henry David Thureau, the original hippie. 0:16:22.520 --> 0:16:25.240 That's true. But one thing I did want to mention 0:16:25.280 --> 0:16:28.640 and that's a nice little segue. Was just to plug 0:16:28.680 --> 0:16:31.320 a little Instagram post I made recently. I was cleaning 0:16:31.320 --> 0:16:32.840 out my closet and I found a bunch of old 0:16:32.840 --> 0:16:39.120 schoolwork from elementary school, and while this part was from 0:16:39.200 --> 0:16:41.760 high school, I did a satire, an extra credit satire 0:16:41.800 --> 0:16:45.840 on Thoreau about someone who went to live deliberately in 0:16:45.840 --> 0:16:48.280 the woods, and you know, the big joke at the end. 0:16:48.280 --> 0:16:51.680 As they made it like thirty minutes or something. It 0:16:51.760 --> 0:16:54.640 wasn't the best comedy work, you know, for a ninth grader. 0:16:54.640 --> 0:16:57.320 It was okay, sure, but people should go check it 0:16:57.360 --> 0:17:01.360 out because I did a bunch of screenshots of various projects, 0:17:01.400 --> 0:17:03.760 a lot of space travel stuff and book reports. But 0:17:04.080 --> 0:17:07.919 one big one was on ancient Egypt, and I literally 0:17:07.960 --> 0:17:10.119 and the thing was like, Hi, my name is Chuck Bryant, 0:17:10.119 --> 0:17:12.640 and I'm going to be your guide through ancient Egypt. 0:17:12.680 --> 0:17:15.000 And at the end it was like, I hope you 0:17:15.119 --> 0:17:18.640 enjoyed your tour, and I'd once again signing off, I've 0:17:18.640 --> 0:17:20.280 been your guide. And people are like, oh my god, 0:17:20.359 --> 0:17:23.000 you were doing stuff you should know as a fifth grader. 0:17:23.080 --> 0:17:26.600 That's awesome, man, It's really pretty cute. But you can 0:17:26.640 --> 0:17:29.399 go to chuck the podcast or Instagram to check that 0:17:29.400 --> 0:17:30.919 stuff out. People got a real kick out of it. 0:17:30.960 --> 0:17:32.280 For sure. I'll go check it out to you. 0:17:32.480 --> 0:17:33.080 You would like it. 0:17:33.440 --> 0:17:35.600 And it's not like I avoid your Instagram. I just 0:17:35.600 --> 0:17:37.280 don't go on it. It's okay. 0:17:37.440 --> 0:17:39.399 I know that, buddy. I know you're telling everyone else that, 0:17:39.480 --> 0:17:40.720 but I know that's not your jam yet. 0:17:40.840 --> 0:17:43.480 So I talked about how the technology is really just 0:17:43.560 --> 0:17:47.359 kind of improved on ancient technology. The uses for this 0:17:47.520 --> 0:17:51.320 stuff too have really kind of been relatively the same. 0:17:51.440 --> 0:17:53.520 We haven't had a lot of stuff that we wanted 0:17:53.520 --> 0:17:58.680 ice for aside from cooling our drinks, which is really honestly, 0:17:58.920 --> 0:18:02.359 Olivia turned up a mention of the king of Takua 0:18:03.280 --> 0:18:08.160 or Tacoa, I saw different spellings in what's now Syria, 0:18:08.200 --> 0:18:12.760 and he used it to ICE's drinks almost four thousand 0:18:12.880 --> 0:18:15.159 years ago. So I mean, people have been doing that 0:18:15.200 --> 0:18:17.200 for a really long time. Another one is to store 0:18:17.320 --> 0:18:20.200 perishable food, like you said, keeps the flies away, right, 0:18:21.359 --> 0:18:23.919 And in doing these things is we've gotten better and 0:18:23.960 --> 0:18:28.360 better at it. It started to have like really monumental, 0:18:28.600 --> 0:18:34.040 massive sweeping changes on humanity, and here in America. One 0:18:34.080 --> 0:18:37.120 of the first changes it had. We will talk about 0:18:37.200 --> 0:18:37.760 right after this. 0:18:44.280 --> 0:18:44.560 Stop. 0:18:53.800 --> 0:18:58.680 Lately, I've been learning some stock about in Saua or 0:18:59.040 --> 0:19:01.560 how you many how. 0:19:01.480 --> 0:19:04.520 About the one on border like dis. 0:19:05.800 --> 0:19:25.560 Yonder worm. But it was so nice who. 0:19:27.520 --> 0:19:31.439 So chuck. I was talking about how refrigeration had massive 0:19:31.480 --> 0:19:34.119 sweeping changes as we got better at it, and in America, 0:19:34.160 --> 0:19:36.440 one of the first things it did was it allowed 0:19:36.480 --> 0:19:40.359 people to expand their diet some because unless you were 0:19:40.680 --> 0:19:43.600 in like a southern state or something like that, you 0:19:43.640 --> 0:19:46.240 did not have access to a lot of different kinds 0:19:46.240 --> 0:19:50.479 of food year round, like during the spring and summer, 0:19:50.680 --> 0:19:52.760 maybe even in the fall a little bit, you would 0:19:52.840 --> 0:19:57.760 have things like like dairy and poultry and meat. And 0:19:57.800 --> 0:20:01.080 then as win yes, and and as winter started to 0:20:01.080 --> 0:20:08.720 set in, you had pickled cabbage, pickled neighbor who died 0:20:09.400 --> 0:20:14.040 that winter, like pickled everything. Canning didn't even come around. 0:20:14.040 --> 0:20:16.080 I didn't know this until the nineteenth century. I thought 0:20:16.080 --> 0:20:18.600 it was really really old, so like you really did 0:20:18.680 --> 0:20:20.639 not So actually you didn't have pickled anything, now that 0:20:20.640 --> 0:20:23.920 I think about it. You had like salted stuff, cured stuff, 0:20:24.680 --> 0:20:27.840 and a lot of it was grains too, right, stuff 0:20:27.840 --> 0:20:31.280 you could store fairly easily. And then when we started 0:20:31.359 --> 0:20:34.880 learning how to preserve food with refrigeration and got better 0:20:34.920 --> 0:20:39.480 and better at it. Like people, their diets just changed radically. 0:20:39.760 --> 0:20:43.120 Like apparently in the Northern States, by the time spring came, 0:20:43.480 --> 0:20:47.160 you were so malnourished from a lack of niasin vitamin 0:20:47.200 --> 0:20:49.480 B three that you normally get from like poultry and 0:20:49.520 --> 0:20:52.040 fish and meat, that they had a name for it, 0:20:52.080 --> 0:20:55.879 spring sickness. Today we call it pellagra, but it's a 0:20:55.960 --> 0:20:59.760 type of like severe malnutrition that people would just annually 0:20:59.800 --> 0:21:03.760 get it because they had that limited access to different foods. 0:21:03.800 --> 0:21:06.800 And then once we started being able to store and 0:21:06.840 --> 0:21:13.200 then more importantly ship items by refrigerating it, then things 0:21:13.200 --> 0:21:16.160 really change. That spring sickness went away. And I'm also 0:21:16.200 --> 0:21:19.400 the first person in history to say the word refrigerating. 0:21:23.160 --> 0:21:25.760 Also, before people write in they were definitely pickling things 0:21:25.760 --> 0:21:29.960 before they were canning, so you could still pickle. 0:21:29.720 --> 0:21:32.280 Things, Okay, cool, So yes, you could pickle your neighbor. 0:21:32.320 --> 0:21:34.880 Then, Yeah, they had jars and stuff like that. 0:21:35.320 --> 0:21:37.520 Well, what's the pill then, I mean they just hadn't 0:21:37.520 --> 0:21:39.920 figured out how to use heat baths and that kind 0:21:39.960 --> 0:21:40.280 of thing. 0:21:41.240 --> 0:21:45.040 What for canning, Yeah, I don't know, maybe how to 0:21:45.080 --> 0:21:48.439 seal something properly would be my guess. But although I 0:21:48.440 --> 0:21:51.520