WEBVTT - Broadband Infrastructure, Female MBA Enrollment Hits a Record High 0:00:00.200 --> 0:00:04.240 This is Bloomberg Business Week with Carol Messer and Bloomberg 0:00:04.280 --> 0:00:08.200 Quick Takes Tim Stinovic from Bloomberg Radio. Well, just about 0:00:08.240 --> 0:00:10.399 an hour ago, we saw President Biden signing the roughly 0:00:10.640 --> 0:00:13.600 one trillion dollar Infrastructure Bill into law. Part of the 0:00:13.640 --> 0:00:16.800 spending bill we know, tim includes an expansion of access 0:00:16.800 --> 0:00:21.680 to broadband internet. Charlie Vote is CEO of DCS. It's 0:00:21.680 --> 0:00:25.520 a company that designs, develops, and manufactures communications network equipment 0:00:25.680 --> 0:00:29.120 for telecom operators and enterprises. He joins us on the 0:00:29.120 --> 0:00:32.199 phone from plain Oe, Texas. Charlie, great to have you 0:00:32.479 --> 0:00:36.240 with us this afternoon. What are what do you at 0:00:36.600 --> 0:00:42.360 DCS ink see from this infrastructure bill. Well, first of all, 0:00:42.400 --> 0:00:45.280 thanks for having me on, and certainly it's a great 0:00:45.280 --> 0:00:49.279 opportunity for the entire industry to achieve Biden's goal of 0:00:49.360 --> 0:00:53.800 providing affordable broadband for everyone and inching us a bit 0:00:53.800 --> 0:00:57.600 closer to building one century from a broadband perspective, so 0:00:57.680 --> 0:01:01.760 we're pretty excited. Well, what does the Infrastructure Bill or 0:01:01.840 --> 0:01:06.319 in law essentially do, specifically when it comes to giving 0:01:06.959 --> 0:01:10.600 um wider broadband access to Americans as it will it 0:01:10.640 --> 0:01:13.760 really move the needle in your view? Well, I mean, 0:01:13.800 --> 0:01:16.600 there's been many studies, you know, several years ago that 0:01:16.680 --> 0:01:19.280 we anticipated that would take about eighty billion dollars to 0:01:20.000 --> 0:01:23.560 deliver broadband everywhere. And when you look at America, there's 0:01:23.560 --> 0:01:27.840 about thirty million Americans that have either no broadband or 0:01:27.920 --> 0:01:30.840 very limited broadband. And in broadband, you know sort of 0:01:31.600 --> 0:01:34.039 UH mapped in in this sort of category of having 0:01:34.240 --> 0:01:37.640 less than three megabits of of up speedies in meg 0:01:38.959 --> 0:01:43.080 down and and now with the new guidelines, UH, service 0:01:43.160 --> 0:01:45.479 buyers are going to have to enable a hundred mag 0:01:45.600 --> 0:01:48.080 down in twenty meg up, which is which is still 0:01:48.120 --> 0:01:51.080 slow relative to what most of US and major potent 0:01:51.440 --> 0:01:54.760 markets are available. And specifically when you look at what 0:01:54.800 --> 0:01:56.800 companies like DCS are offering, you know, some of the 0:01:56.880 --> 0:02:00.280 large tier ones today. So tell us about about DC yes, 0:02:00.320 --> 0:02:03.280 and specifically how you work in different cities around the 0:02:03.280 --> 0:02:07.920 country in order to bring broadband to Americans. So we 0:02:08.040 --> 0:02:13.560 UH we deliver the core edge broadband access technology to 0:02:13.840 --> 0:02:20.279 the service providers as well as provide in home WiFi technology. 0:02:20.360 --> 0:02:23.880 So we we deliver fiber access UH to homes and 0:02:23.919 --> 0:02:27.160 businesses not only here but around the world. We're in 0:02:27.639 --> 0:02:31.079 about seventy countries around the world. But we've been very 0:02:31.120 --> 0:02:34.359 active for the last twenty years and delivering services here 0:02:34.360 --> 0:02:36.600 in the United States, and I can I can speak 0:02:36.720 --> 0:02:40.000 volumes this this bill speaks volumes too. I think the 0:02:40.040 --> 0:02:45.320 opportunity to provide services where it's fundamentally just been too expensive. 0:02:45.360 --> 0:02:48.320 I mean, the construction costs to dig up streets and 0:02:48.360 --> 0:02:51.720 deliver fiber access to direct homes has has frankly been 0:02:51.760 --> 0:02:55.640 one of the most inhibited costs. Is that a necessary 0:02:55.720 --> 0:02:58.240 costs for when we think about the future and when 0:02:58.240 --> 0:03:01.400 we think about getting these Americans access to broadband? After all, 0:03:01.440 --> 0:03:06.200 Elon Musk is able through Starlink to get broadband to 0:03:06.360 --> 0:03:10.000 people all over the United States and indeed even in 0:03:10.040 --> 0:03:12.080 some parts of the ocean, as he was tweeting about 0:03:12.160 --> 0:03:15.040 over the weekend. Uh So, is it is this really 0:03:15.080 --> 0:03:17.120 the right way for to deliver broadband access in this 0:03:17.200 --> 0:03:20.760 day and age? Well, I would tell you the answers. Yes, 0:03:20.800 --> 0:03:24.000 I mean we we've been delivering you know, subspeed broadband, 0:03:24.360 --> 0:03:27.400 you know, using legacy copper for the last twenty five years. 0:03:27.960 --> 0:03:29.919 But if you truly want to get to a place 0:03:30.000 --> 0:03:35.000 where consumers and businesses can enjoy the mega trends that 0:03:35.040 --> 0:03:39.040 we're seeing from you know, just simple high def video collaboration, 0:03:39.240 --> 0:03:41.840 video gaming. That's that's taking on new heights. You know, 0:03:41.880 --> 0:03:46.040 you've got augmented virtual reality, You've got megaverts that Facebook 0:03:46.120 --> 0:03:48.800 is promoting. You know, the Internet of things is growing 0:03:48.840 --> 0:03:52.640 in and when you look at all these challenging bandwidth 0:03:52.800 --> 0:03:55.920 required services, you know, to to really be able to 0:03:56.000 --> 0:04:00.480 keep up with uh these services. Uh, we believe um 0:04:00.720 --> 0:04:04.320 that fiber based broadband is the only way that consumers 0:04:04.360 --> 0:04:06.200 are really going to get the services that they want. 0:04:06.240 --> 0:04:09.160 And the services that you know, consumers are able to 0:04:09.160 --> 0:04:12.839 get through satellites that you've been referred to are still 0:04:12.920 --> 0:04:16.120 very limited, you know, che I mean, Charlie, I'm sure 0:04:16.160 --> 0:04:17.960 that you've seen some of the research out there, and 0:04:18.000 --> 0:04:21.080 that is, you know about of adults with incomes below 0:04:21.160 --> 0:04:24.640 thirty dollars a year report not having home broadband services 0:04:24.720 --> 0:04:27.680 in comparison to about seven percent of adults with household 0:04:27.680 --> 0:04:30.560 earnings over a hundred thousand dollars a year. Low income, 0:04:30.680 --> 0:04:33.839 elderly populations, people of color, those who live in rural 0:04:33.839 --> 0:04:38.360 and tribal areas disproportionately likely to lack broadband access. We've 0:04:38.400 --> 0:04:41.760 seen this research come out from Brookings and others. UM, 0:04:41.760 --> 0:04:46.880 are those the people that you think ultimately will get served. Well, 0:04:46.920 --> 0:04:48.719 I think they will. And you know, as part of 0:04:48.720 --> 0:04:51.719 the sixty billion dollars, I think there's fourteen billion dollars 0:04:51.720 --> 0:04:55.880 that's being allocated as financial support for those in needs. 0:04:55.960 --> 0:05:00.040 So I do believe that this bill is you know, 0:05:00.279 --> 0:05:03.359 is achieving both the infrastructure aspects of it, which you 0:05:03.360 --> 0:05:06.960 know there's forty two billion that's going towards infrastructure and 0:05:06.960 --> 0:05:09.839 and you know there's other funds being allocated to support 0:05:09.880 --> 0:05:13.040 those in need. And so I look, I mean I've 0:05:13.040 --> 0:05:15.560 been in this industry for thirty years. We've never seen 0:05:15.600 --> 0:05:18.479 anything like this, and I think this is a great 0:05:18.560 --> 0:05:21.400 step forward. Uh. Does it get us all the way there, 0:05:21.560 --> 0:05:24.640 We'll see, but it certainly is a really good start. 0:05:25.279 --> 0:05:29.000 What what does this mean now for your company specifically? UH, 0:05:29.040 --> 0:05:33.320 in terms of business, I'm just curious. Well, it certainly 0:05:33.360 --> 0:05:36.320 is going to help fuel not only existing service writers, 0:05:36.320 --> 0:05:38.719 but I think that there's a new breed of service 0:05:38.760 --> 0:05:43.680 for writers that based on technology and technology that's available today, 0:05:43.839 --> 0:05:47.400 UM is going to enable new companies and opportunity to 0:05:47.480 --> 0:05:53.599 provide you know, communities and and UH residents around the 0:05:53.640 --> 0:05:56.840 United States an opportunity to get services where they weren't 0:05:56.839 --> 0:05:59.560 in the past. So for us, it's a certainly an 0:05:59.560 --> 0:06:04.599 opportunity for our existing customers to get financial support to 0:06:04.720 --> 0:06:09.080 accelerate the pace at which they would have historically not 0:06:09.720 --> 0:06:11.880 you know, taken on this challenge just because of the 0:06:11.880 --> 0:06:14.040 cost structure. And then I think there's going to be 0:06:14.080 --> 0:06:15.960 a lot of new fiber over builders that you're going 0:06:16.000 --> 0:06:19.440 to see also participate. Hey, Charlie, I do wonder are 0:06:19.440 --> 0:06:22.919 you guys already thinking about hiring an expansion plans just 0:06:22.960 --> 0:06:26.839 to meet maybe the greater demands of the infrastructure spending 0:06:26.839 --> 0:06:29.880 on this We are and in fact, you know, as 0:06:29.920 --> 0:06:31.640 you probably know, we trade on the nastack and I 0:06:31.680 --> 0:06:34.200 get a lot of questions from analysts and shareholders about, 0:06:34.279 --> 0:06:36.120 you know, our spend and where our spend has been 0:06:36.200 --> 0:06:39.880 this year, and and we have been investing you know, 0:06:40.360 --> 0:06:43.360 at a at a much higher pace in one and 0:06:43.600 --> 0:06:49.120 and we certainly anticipate, you know, that is going to 0:06:49.160 --> 0:06:52.000 give us the same opportunity like like many in our industry. 0:06:52.400 --> 0:06:54.960 And our backlog is up three times what it was 0:06:55.040 --> 0:06:57.680 this time last year. So, uh, you know, if we 0:06:57.720 --> 0:07:00.440 if we can successfully navigate you know, the world of 0:07:00.560 --> 0:07:03.800 getting semiconductor chips um you know that that I think 0:07:03.880 --> 0:07:05.840 is the real question here is is you know this 0:07:05.880 --> 0:07:08.080 is this is designed to be deployed over the next 0:07:08.120 --> 0:07:11.320 five years. And I think you know what gets us 0:07:11.360 --> 0:07:14.560 somewhat comfortable is that you know the process will probably 0:07:14.600 --> 0:07:17.240 take hold over the next six months, you know, from 0:07:17.280 --> 0:07:20.600 a filing perspective, and then you look at the awards 0:07:20.760 --> 0:07:22.680 that will probably take place in the latter part of 0:07:22.760 --> 0:07:26.680 two and that means that you know, deployments will start 0:07:26.720 --> 0:07:30.240 in our view, and I think that's about the time 0:07:30.800 --> 0:07:34.240 we believe that the chip shortage will will begin to alleviate. 0:07:34.480 --> 0:07:36.680 All right, that's a really important point and I'm glad 0:07:36.680 --> 0:07:39.360 you brought that up. Uh. He's the president CEO of 0:07:39.480 --> 0:07:43.120 dz S. Charlie Vote, joining us on the phone from Plano, Texas. 0:07:43.800 --> 0:07:46.560 We mentioned last week about female NBA enrollment hitting a 0:07:46.640 --> 0:07:50.320 record high for the school year. That staff the results 0:07:50.320 --> 0:07:53.000 of some research that was released on Friday by the 0:07:53.040 --> 0:07:56.520 Forte Foundation. It's a nonprofit working to create gender equity 0:07:56.520 --> 0:07:59.360 and business. So great to have joining with us. Forte 0:07:59.440 --> 0:08:04.600 Foundation CEO Alyssa Sankster. She's on the phone in Austin, Texas. Alyssa. 0:08:04.720 --> 0:08:07.040 Good to have you here on Bloomberg Radio. Tell us 0:08:07.040 --> 0:08:08.800 a bit about the work you guys did, and then 0:08:08.840 --> 0:08:13.080 the results you found. Sure, so, we look every year 0:08:13.160 --> 0:08:17.360 at women's enrollment in full time NBA programs, and this 0:08:17.480 --> 0:08:20.000 year what we found was that three schools had actually 0:08:20.040 --> 0:08:24.320 reached gender parody UM and that was George Washington University, 0:08:24.400 --> 0:08:28.320 University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, and Johns Hopkins University's Kerry 0:08:28.360 --> 0:08:31.400 School of Business. But overall, these numbers for all of 0:08:31.400 --> 0:08:33.920 our schools had gone up from thirty nine percent last 0:08:34.000 --> 0:08:38.600 year to this year. Wait, okay, let me let me 0:08:38.640 --> 0:08:40.320 take a step back here, because when Caroline I talked 0:08:40.360 --> 0:08:42.720 about this last week, it was our Bloomberg Business Week 0:08:42.720 --> 0:08:45.480 by to the day, and we were both shocked that 0:08:45.920 --> 0:08:48.240 we're not even close to parody, even though this is 0:08:48.240 --> 0:08:51.400 a record. Let's start with what those three schools that 0:08:51.440 --> 0:08:54.400 you mentioned are doing to get to gender parody and 0:08:54.400 --> 0:08:56.760 then go into why there is still a lack of 0:08:56.760 --> 0:09:01.120 gender parody. Sure, So, you know, we first started tracking 0:09:01.160 --> 0:09:04.520 this UM back in earlier and gotsh two thousand five 0:09:05.040 --> 0:09:07.640 the number was around twenty percent. And so what we've 0:09:07.640 --> 0:09:11.000 been monitoring over the last couple of decades is how 0:09:11.080 --> 0:09:14.520 that's tracking toward purity. And it's a slow going It 0:09:14.600 --> 0:09:17.520 takes usually a half percent one percent up and then 0:09:17.559 --> 0:09:19.839 it will take a step back. And depending on how 0:09:19.880 --> 0:09:23.600 the economy is going. Um, sometimes NBA enrollments are counter 0:09:23.720 --> 0:09:25.679 to that, and so you never know exactly how it's 0:09:25.720 --> 0:09:28.280 all gonna play out. But the things we know are 0:09:28.280 --> 0:09:31.280 that women need we need more women in that pipeline, 0:09:31.360 --> 0:09:33.599 and in order to make that happen, you need to 0:09:33.640 --> 0:09:36.640 be talking to women more earlier in the pipeline, and 0:09:36.679 --> 0:09:38.360 you need to also be able to make sure that 0:09:38.440 --> 0:09:40.840 they are ready to go and ready to apply to 0:09:40.840 --> 0:09:45.400 the business school. So, um, we're just going to continue monitoring, 0:09:45.400 --> 0:09:47.560 and it is shocking that it's taking us this long, 0:09:47.679 --> 0:09:49.800 especially when law and medicine were there back in the 0:09:49.800 --> 0:09:53.040 early two thousand's. Well, the other thing though I always 0:09:53.080 --> 0:09:55.720 think about to listen, we talked about this women generally, 0:09:56.080 --> 0:09:59.440 where men and women like coming out of undergraduates in general, 0:09:59.600 --> 0:10:03.120 like in uh, you know, early programs, training programs, whether 0:10:03.160 --> 0:10:04.640 it's on Wall Street now, so where they tend to 0:10:04.720 --> 0:10:09.120 like track fairly equally. It's then when you start to 0:10:09.120 --> 0:10:11.280 get into the higher positions that something comes undone and 0:10:11.320 --> 0:10:13.400 whether it's women pop out of the workforce to have 0:10:13.520 --> 0:10:17.440 kids or the perception of them in the workforce that 0:10:17.480 --> 0:10:19.520 they will ultimately pop out to have kids. Like, there's 0:10:19.559 --> 0:10:22.079 things that just go on dynamics are also not having 0:10:22.120 --> 0:10:24.560 a sponsor someone to really kind of watch out for 0:10:24.600 --> 0:10:28.280 you and move you along, or men just wanting other 0:10:28.400 --> 0:10:32.320 men because they relate best to other men. Uh, there 0:10:32.320 --> 0:10:34.200 are just some things that it feels like still need 0:10:34.240 --> 0:10:37.880 to be dealt with. There are, and I think that 0:10:38.000 --> 0:10:40.160 this is one of the levers that we can pull, 0:10:40.200 --> 0:10:43.920 and that is reaching gender parity in the classroom and 0:10:44.040 --> 0:10:47.440 NBA programs because those are key pathways into those business 0:10:47.520 --> 0:10:50.880 leadership positions. But you're right, that doesn't mean the work 0:10:50.960 --> 0:10:53.480 is done. That means that we have to depend on 0:10:53.480 --> 0:10:57.320 our companies to be tracking and measuring performance, setting gold 0:10:58.120 --> 0:11:02.880 for their managers about how they are investing and um 0:11:02.920 --> 0:11:06.880 engaging with their employees and building them into the next 0:11:07.000 --> 0:11:10.760 leaders that they want to promote and so um there's 0:11:10.800 --> 0:11:12.880 a lot of work that companies have to do once 0:11:12.920 --> 0:11:16.120 those women enter the workforce in making sure that the 0:11:16.280 --> 0:11:20.400 environment and the landscape for their future leadership is being 0:11:20.440 --> 0:11:23.760 monitored and established. So what's the thing that holds women most? 0:11:24.360 --> 0:11:27.720 Holds them back the most because they can come out 0:11:27.720 --> 0:11:29.400 of you know, getting an m B A. But I 0:11:29.440 --> 0:11:31.800 do wonder what are you hearing from the work that 0:11:31.840 --> 0:11:35.280 you guys are doing that holds women back the most 0:11:35.320 --> 0:11:37.480 when it comes to really getting to those senior positions. 0:11:37.720 --> 0:11:41.400 What is it? UM? I think it's we often hear 0:11:41.480 --> 0:11:43.880 that you leave a job because of a manager, not 0:11:43.960 --> 0:11:47.839 because the company. And I think that companies, UM would 0:11:47.880 --> 0:11:51.280 be uh, it would be good for companies to focus 0:11:51.320 --> 0:11:54.880 a lot on how they're training those managers and how 0:11:54.920 --> 0:11:57.760 they are setting those goals. Like I said, UM, I 0:11:57.800 --> 0:12:01.080 think that the environment in the landscape was really built 0:12:01.360 --> 0:12:03.880 by men for men a long time ago, and so 0:12:03.920 --> 0:12:07.360 we are trying to adapt and change, um the workforce 0:12:07.480 --> 0:12:10.240 and it's a much more diverse workplace now, so companies 0:12:10.280 --> 0:12:13.120 have to really monitor and track that. Okay, Well, speaking 0:12:13.160 --> 0:12:16.400 of monitoring and tracking. According to Catalyst it's a global 0:12:16.679 --> 0:12:23.880 nonprofit UH as of August of one, only thirty positions 0:12:24.080 --> 0:12:27.280 of CEO at SMP five companies were held by women, 0:12:27.360 --> 0:12:30.680 So that's just six percent of companies in the SPI 0:12:31.559 --> 0:12:35.319 were held by women. Help us understand the path from 0:12:35.360 --> 0:12:39.160 a graduate education in business and NBA to the executive 0:12:39.240 --> 0:12:42.800 ranks and when we will start to see more gender 0:12:42.840 --> 0:12:45.160 parity in the executive ranks as a result of what 0:12:45.160 --> 0:12:48.800 we're seeing at the NBA level right. And when we 0:12:48.840 --> 0:12:52.160 first started, there really was one CEO at the time 0:12:52.440 --> 0:12:55.000 when for Tape began, and so we we've definitely seen 0:12:55.000 --> 0:12:59.080 some improvement there one woman ceo UM and we've seen 0:12:59.120 --> 0:13:01.600 some improvement there. Again, it's slow going and there are 0:13:01.640 --> 0:13:03.959 a lot of steps that have to happen between graduate 0:13:03.960 --> 0:13:07.400 business education and the c suite and UH. It can 0:13:07.440 --> 0:13:11.600 be opportunities, it can be assignments, it can be domestic 0:13:11.679 --> 0:13:14.320 or global, it can be the number of reports. It's 0:13:14.400 --> 0:13:18.360 all kinds of different experiences, and it's taking risk and 0:13:18.360 --> 0:13:20.400 and stepping out there and saying I want the job. 0:13:20.520 --> 0:13:23.360 So I think on the side of the companies, they've 0:13:23.400 --> 0:13:27.080 got to be UM giving these opportunities to the leaders 0:13:27.080 --> 0:13:29.040 that they want to see at the top in ten 0:13:29.200 --> 0:13:31.840 twenty years. And the women and the men have to 0:13:31.880 --> 0:13:34.200 say what do we want leadership to look like? And 0:13:34.200 --> 0:13:35.920 they have to take those steps and they have to 0:13:35.960 --> 0:13:37.800 raise their hand and say I want to go forward 0:13:37.800 --> 0:13:41.000 and be a leader. Um. I think there's a lot 0:13:41.120 --> 0:13:44.200 of work being done right now to create those opportunities, 0:13:44.440 --> 0:13:46.559 and so i'm I'm I'm not sure we're going to 0:13:46.640 --> 0:13:49.439 solve it, um in you know, the next twenty years 0:13:49.440 --> 0:13:54.800 necessarily been improvement. I know. Oh my god, how long 0:13:54.840 --> 0:13:58.040 have we been talking about this? A long time? A 0:13:58.080 --> 0:14:00.959 long time? And you've seen movement on boards, right, You've 0:14:00.960 --> 0:14:04.160 seen the board numbers really change and shift. It's just 0:14:04.240 --> 0:14:06.880 that in the c suite, especially at that CEO position, 0:14:06.960 --> 0:14:09.880 that's one position out of all the positions, and so 0:14:09.960 --> 0:14:13.480 it's hard to um make gender equity happen in in 0:14:13.520 --> 0:14:17.080 those positions. But it wasn't a lot of group progress 0:14:17.080 --> 0:14:19.920 on boards. Well, Alissa, has the pandemic set women back? 0:14:20.520 --> 0:14:22.600 Maybe I'm asking the obvious question, because we certainly have 0:14:22.640 --> 0:14:25.280 seen stories that say yes, indeed they have. And I 0:14:25.280 --> 0:14:28.400 thought it was interesting. At the beginning of the pandemic, 0:14:28.440 --> 0:14:30.320 we thought this was going to be a great equalizer 0:14:30.360 --> 0:14:33.160 because everybody was working at home and it could be 0:14:33.240 --> 0:14:37.160 easier on women, and yet it hasn't turned out that way, right. 0:14:37.240 --> 0:14:40.320 I think I think what maybe made things easier at 0:14:40.360 --> 0:14:42.960 work made things more difficult at home, and so having 0:14:43.000 --> 0:14:46.440 to balance everything that was going on in your home life, 0:14:46.760 --> 0:14:49.440 if you had children or others in the household with you. 0:14:49.520 --> 0:14:52.760 I think that women took on, as they often do, 0:14:53.720 --> 0:14:56.640 a larger amount of that work. And so where we've 0:14:56.640 --> 0:14:58.720 seen it impact, I think, you know, in terms of 0:14:58.920 --> 0:15:02.640 across the ECONO me, I think definitely women had challenges. 0:15:02.680 --> 0:15:06.080 I don't think we saw NBA women leaving their jobs 0:15:06.120 --> 0:15:09.440 necessarily getting laid off, But I do think that the 0:15:09.520 --> 0:15:12.200 challenge now will be getting back to normal. And if 0:15:12.200 --> 0:15:14.480 we are going to go back into this post pandemic 0:15:15.040 --> 0:15:17.640 work style, how are we going to make sure that 0:15:17.640 --> 0:15:20.600 those at home who are working from home remotely taking 0:15:20.640 --> 0:15:25.240 advantage of flexible opportunities are actually included and thought about 0:15:25.240 --> 0:15:27.680 as in the same way that those who are back 0:15:27.680 --> 0:15:30.360 in the officer thought about. Lissa, what's the message for 0:15:30.440 --> 0:15:33.000 the top NBA programs around the country. It's something that 0:15:33.040 --> 0:15:36.040 we look at really closely at Bloomberg and at Business Week, 0:15:36.080 --> 0:15:38.280 and I'm wondering what the takeaway is from this survey 0:15:38.320 --> 0:15:41.280 about how can they can get to gender parody. I mean, 0:15:41.600 --> 0:15:44.040 where does it start. Does it start at the dean level, 0:15:44.080 --> 0:15:45.600 does it start at the faculty levels? Do they need 0:15:45.600 --> 0:15:50.080 representation there. Um, yeah, they definitely need representation at the 0:15:50.120 --> 0:15:52.800 faculty level. And I think paying attention to the role 0:15:52.840 --> 0:15:54.680 models that you put up in front of the classroom 0:15:54.720 --> 0:15:58.240 is important. I think thinking about the inclusive inclusivity of 0:15:58.280 --> 0:16:01.120 your campus and looking at what's happened in the classroom 0:16:01.640 --> 0:16:04.480 and um, knowing what kind of cases are being taught. 0:16:04.520 --> 0:16:08.440 Are their female protagonists, Are you bringing in women leaders, Um, 0:16:08.480 --> 0:16:10.280 are you making sure that women are heard in the 0:16:10.320 --> 0:16:14.160 classroom and that their perspective is also valued and shared 0:16:14.200 --> 0:16:16.080 with the rest of their classmates, And that the men 0:16:16.120 --> 0:16:18.400 are learning as much from the women as the women 0:16:18.440 --> 0:16:20.440 are from the men. So I think all of those 0:16:20.440 --> 0:16:22.480 things are important, and I think deans have their eye 0:16:22.480 --> 0:16:24.480 on this, and I think that's why you've seen a 0:16:24.520 --> 0:16:28.600 significant improvement in the last five years around these numbers, 0:16:28.640 --> 0:16:31.320 and we are starting to see purity in the classroom. 0:16:31.480 --> 0:16:33.400 All Right, We're gonna run, Hey, listen, Thank you so much, 0:16:33.440 --> 0:16:38.000 appreciate Alyssa Sayingster She is Chief executive officer Forte Foundation, 0:16:38.080 --> 0:16:39.960 on the phone from Austin, Texas.