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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from how Stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot Com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark,

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Speaker 1: and there's Charles W Chuck Bryant, there's Jerry over there.

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Speaker 1: So this is stuff you should know about color blindness,

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Speaker 1: that's right, which I didn't know a lot about. No.

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Speaker 1: I guess I didn't either. It's one of those things

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Speaker 1: you just kind of assume you do, but there's a

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Speaker 1: lot more to it than you realize, right. Yeah. I

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Speaker 1: kind of wondered about myself though, because Emily is always

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Speaker 1: telling me that I'm getting colors wrong. So I took

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Speaker 1: a I took an online test. I did too. How'd

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Speaker 1: you fare normal color? Did you? I? I? I took

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Speaker 1: one of those um oh, what's it called the scope?

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Speaker 1: One anomalous scope. I took one of those online, and

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Speaker 1: I said I had just very weak um color blindness,

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Speaker 1: which I wasn't very surprised by because dark colors are

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Speaker 1: kind of hard for me to differentiate. Sometimes they said

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Speaker 1: that you don't see black or white. You're like Michael Jackson, right,

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Speaker 1: that's right, man. I've always said that. No one ever

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Speaker 1: listened until now, until I proved it on the on

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Speaker 1: the Internet, and thank out for the Internet. So, um,

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Speaker 1: you want to talk a little history, because believe it

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Speaker 1: or not, there is color blindness history. And I should

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Speaker 1: say also, Chuck, I looked up the more politically correct

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Speaker 1: term for color blindness and there really isn't one. Oh yeah,

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Speaker 1: well that's great. Yeah, so you can feel free to

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Speaker 1: use color blind in good conscience. Okay, fantastic. So um

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Speaker 1: back in s John Dalton, who came up with atomic theory.

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Speaker 1: He was a pretty important, um early scientist. He presented

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Speaker 1: his first scientific paper and was on color blindness. Did

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Speaker 1: you know that I never heard of the guy? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so um. He his first It was, from what anybody

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Speaker 1: can can tell, the first scientific paper on color blindness,

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Speaker 1: and he wrote it about himself. He and his brother

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Speaker 1: were both color blind, and he posited that he had

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Speaker 1: some sort of blue fluid in his eye that was

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Speaker 1: affecting his color vision. And he willed that when he

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Speaker 1: died his ib dissected and when they did, um they

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Speaker 1: found that no, it was pretty normal. There was no

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Speaker 1: blue fluid in there. And later on they preserved his

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Speaker 1: eye tissue and was diagnosed with something called um dudinopia.

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Speaker 1: So he was a duduran in the parliance of people

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Speaker 1: who are color blind, meaning that he lacked um functioning

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Speaker 1: green cones or medium wave cones in his eye. Interesting,

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Speaker 1: So he was the first, dude, Huh, he was the

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Speaker 1: first one to write a scientific paper on it, at

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Speaker 1: least good for him and bad for him. Well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I think so too. I don't want to like overstate

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Speaker 1: how bad I feel for people who have color blindness,

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Speaker 1: because I know they're like living life and enjoying it

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Speaker 1: and everything. But I would not want to be color

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Speaker 1: blind if I had my druthers, you know, no, And

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Speaker 1: I'm sure most people who are color blind would feel

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Speaker 1: the same way. Uh. You know, John Fuller used to

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Speaker 1: work with us. I believe he has some sort of

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Speaker 1: color blindness or maybe calling it color vision deficiency. I

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Speaker 1: saw that is a better term because color blind. A

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Speaker 1: lot of people that don't know anything about it might think, well,

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Speaker 1: if you're color blind, then you see in black and white,

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Speaker 1: which is a form of color blindness. But that's the

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Speaker 1: most extreme form. There's definitely a gradient, appropriately enough, between

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Speaker 1: full color vision, which is called trichromacy, and complete color blindness. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: let's get into the vision a little bit. Um, have

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Speaker 1: we done one on the eye? Dude? I was like

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Speaker 1: a lot of this sounds kind of familiar, and I

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Speaker 1: looked high and low and could not find anything on

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Speaker 1: vision on seeing on the eye. Nothing. So I don't

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Speaker 1: know if we did like maybe a video on this

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Speaker 1: once or something, but but it's some of it seemed familiar,

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Speaker 1: but I couldn't find an episode on Alright, So we

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Speaker 1: have a retina in our eye. Uh, like everyone knows

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Speaker 1: the retina. Since this light deals with color and vision,

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Speaker 1: and there are rods and cones. These are they're called

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Speaker 1: rods and cones because of their shape. They look like

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Speaker 1: cones or rods. So rods help you see in low light,

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Speaker 1: and the cones are what where the detail and the

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Speaker 1: color come from. So the cone mauthfunctioning or not being

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Speaker 1: there at all if you don't have three cones, and

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Speaker 1: you have to have at least two to see in

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Speaker 1: any color. But if one of those cones of the three,

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Speaker 1: if you do have three, is malfunctioning, then you will

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Speaker 1: fall somewhere on the scale of color vision deficiency. Right right,

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Speaker 1: So there's like, um something called so like I said,

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Speaker 1: if you have normal color vision, you have trichromacy. If

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Speaker 1: you have anomalous trichromacy, it means that one of those

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Speaker 1: cones is not functioning properly, although they all still work there,

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Speaker 1: it's just out of alignment a little bit. Yeah. And

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Speaker 1: the way that it can get out of alignment is

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Speaker 1: is those cones, each of them has UM a chromos

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Speaker 1: chromophore I think is what it's called, which is like

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Speaker 1: a little molecule that is attuned to a certain type

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Speaker 1: of UM, a certain wavelength of the visible spectrum, and

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Speaker 1: those wavelengths that it picks up kind of overlap depending

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Speaker 1: on the cone. Like red and green cones what they

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Speaker 1: what they pick up on the visible spectrum overlap big time.

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Speaker 1: Green and blue kind of overlap, and then red and

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Speaker 1: blue overlap least. But if the if the alignment of

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Speaker 1: the wavelength to the visible spectrum within that cone is

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Speaker 1: just a little bit off, you're not going to see

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Speaker 1: colors like other people see colors, but you're still going

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Speaker 1: to see something, right, And that's called anomalous trichromacy. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And there are well, I mean, there's so many different subcategories.

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Speaker 1: I guess we should go through some of these. UM.

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Speaker 1: If you have that analomus, uh, trichromacy. Some of the

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Speaker 1: stuff is so hard. You do have your cones, so

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Speaker 1: that means you have three cones, but one of those

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Speaker 1: cones is defective. So if you have the do deuteronomally,

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Speaker 1: it's gonna be a funmany. No, wait, that's a Bible book, right,

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Speaker 1: What is it do to randomally? That's right, it just

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Speaker 1: sounds weird. Yeah, I think I'm really bad with amalies.

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Speaker 1: I think you just nailed it, man. Yeah, but it

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Speaker 1: was it was clumsy, but that's fine. Do to anomaly, yeah,

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Speaker 1: dou to anomaly, it's it's an anomaly of your duds,

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Speaker 1: that's right. So that do to anomaly you're just talking about.

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Speaker 1: That's if your green cones are out of alignment, all right,

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Speaker 1: and there's pro to anomaly or protnomally, and that's your

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Speaker 1: red cones being out of alignment. And then tried anomaly

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Speaker 1: is blue all right. So if you're missing a cone altogether,

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Speaker 1: that's for malfunctioning. You have three, but one of them

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Speaker 1: doesn't work quite right. If you're missing one altogether, you

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Speaker 1: have dichromatic vision. Uh. And then we said, of course

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Speaker 1: that the worst is monochromacy. That's that's if that's basically

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Speaker 1: seeing in black and white and sort of shades of gray.

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Speaker 1: But if you are a dichromat or a person with

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Speaker 1: dichromatic vision, maybe that's the PC distinction. It's to not

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Speaker 1: call someone a dichromat. Maybe you think maybe I saw

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Speaker 1: UM depending on your your condition, they're like abbreviated terms

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Speaker 1: for it. But I saw people being referred to as

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Speaker 1: dichromats all the time. But it really flies in the

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Speaker 1: face of that whole thing of describing people by their

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Speaker 1: condition rather than like a person with dichromacy, you know

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Speaker 1: what I mean. Yeah, Well, within the dichromat though, there

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Speaker 1: are the three different subtypes, which are the du to,

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Speaker 1: the proto, and the trita. That's the easiest way to

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Speaker 1: say it, right, So that's what those fall under. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And so the big difference between UM anomalous trichromacy and dichromacy.

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Speaker 1: Dichromacy says it all is. It means you have two

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Speaker 1: functioning cones and because of all that overlap, chuck with

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Speaker 1: all of the wavelengths that the different pigments and your

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Speaker 1: cones catch, that's a huge pellette of colors that are

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Speaker 1: produced in the human brain when we look around. But

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Speaker 1: if you remove one of those cones, there's an enormous

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Speaker 1: reduction in colors. Supposedly, each cone multiplies the number of

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Speaker 1: colors by a hundred. So if you start out with

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Speaker 1: just one cone, let's say you can see a hundred shades.

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Speaker 1: Just by adding a second cone, you can now see

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Speaker 1: ten thousand different colors, and by adding a third cone,

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Speaker 1: you can now see a million different colors. Right, So

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Speaker 1: if you remove one of those cones, you're suddenly down

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Speaker 1: to ten thousand colors. That's a significant difference. And that's

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Speaker 1: the thing about dichromacy is it's not that your your

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Speaker 1: cones are misaligned. One of your cones just is not

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Speaker 1: producing at all, and so you're lacking a whole range

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Speaker 1: of colors that that other people with all three functioning

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Speaker 1: cones can see. Right. And like I said earlier, with monochromacy,

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Speaker 1: that's when you see basically in black and white and gray.

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Speaker 1: And there are two types there, rod monochromacy and cone type.

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Speaker 1: And if you have the Rod type, you also have

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Speaker 1: very poor vision and you're very sensitive to light. Uh

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Speaker 1: In you might also have something called uh nystagmus, which

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Speaker 1: that is when you have they call it dancing eyes.

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Speaker 1: That's when um, there's a horizontal version, which means your

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Speaker 1: your eye basically darts back and forth to the left

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Speaker 1: and to the right constantly. Like prove Taylor Vince does

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Speaker 1: he have that? You'd recognize him? And and like, uh,

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Speaker 1: he's just well known for he's the actor with Oh

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Speaker 1: I know him. I just never noticed his eye. Oh

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Speaker 1: really yeah, yeah, he Like you can tell the directors like,

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Speaker 1: all right, let's let's really get that going for this scene. Okay, wow.

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Speaker 1: So when you think about the color wheel red, orange, yellow, blue, indigo, green, violet,

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Speaker 1: I said them out of order. I don't know what

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Speaker 1: that would spell. It doesn't spell roy g bib though.

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Speaker 1: But if you're color blind, like everyone wants to know, like,

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Speaker 1: what does it look like if you're color blind? Um?

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Speaker 1: And it's a little hard to describe because it's very

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Speaker 1: subjective when you think about how each person sees color,

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Speaker 1: because imagine everyone sees things a little bit differently. But

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Speaker 1: if you're color blind, that palette is just not as varied.

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Speaker 1: It's more muted, Yeah for sure, because again those different

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Speaker 1: cones are interacting, they're overlapping to produce a huge palette

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Speaker 1: of colors. It's not like we just see everything in red, green,

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Speaker 1: and blue. There's those those things mixed together and interact

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Speaker 1: to produce colors beyond those three. So yeah, if you're

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Speaker 1: missing one, you're you're missing a lot more than just

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Speaker 1: green or just red or just blue. Yeah, and things.

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Speaker 1: You know, it doesn't mean it's altogether gone either, because

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Speaker 1: it's on a spectrum, and it depends what kind you have,

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Speaker 1: Like it could be reddish but very muted, or green

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Speaker 1: could look a more green gray. But it's just not

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Speaker 1: that sort of robust standard color wheel that that you're

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Speaker 1: used to seeing with. Uh what what I guess you

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Speaker 1: would consider normal color vision for sure. And like if

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Speaker 1: you have one of the opius, if you have like proteonopia,

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Speaker 1: which is um, your red cones don't function it all.

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Speaker 1: The reds are brownish, the purples are bluish, Your yellows

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Speaker 1: totally normal. Um. But the green is also kind of

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Speaker 1: like a weird kind of khaki brown itself. And that

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Speaker 1: um that really overlaps with do to in opia too.

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Speaker 1: The big difference between those is that you're um, your

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Speaker 1: red what would look like a dark dark brown too.

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Speaker 1: A protein ope, uh for doo to and open, it

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Speaker 1: would look kind of like a kind of a drab,

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Speaker 1: brownish olive, which is not what you want to see

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Speaker 1: when you look at like a bright red apple. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: look at that huge olive right, looks delicious And then

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Speaker 1: you take a bite and you're like, that's no olive.

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Speaker 1: So uh, let's take a break, has some olives, and

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Speaker 1: we'll talk about animals and testing for color blindness right

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Speaker 1: after this. All right, So, I think a lot of

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Speaker 1: people have always uh heard growing up on the playground

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Speaker 1: that animals see in black and white, especially dogs and

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Speaker 1: cats see in black and white. Some animals see in color,

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Speaker 1: some see in black and white. It kind of depends. Um.

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Speaker 1: Dogs and cats they actually do see color, they just

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Speaker 1: don't see the whole roy gb of color spectrum that

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Speaker 1: you and I know. Um apparently apes and monkeys see

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Speaker 1: the same way we do. Then you have really color

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Speaker 1: blind animals like black and white types like raccoons, seals, whales,

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Speaker 1: uh black and white types, and then birds apparently see

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Speaker 1: uh seed more color than we do. Yeah, and there's

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Speaker 1: you know, there's other um animals that see things like

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Speaker 1: ultra violet, like there's a visible spectrum, but that's what

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Speaker 1: we humans see where Technically, if you had like some

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Speaker 1: sort of chromophore and an option that work together in

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Speaker 1: a cone to to produce the red, green, or blue,

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Speaker 1: if you had when that was a tuned to gamma

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Speaker 1: raise or X rays or ultra violet or infrared, we

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Speaker 1: would be able to see in those two. But we

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Speaker 1: don't have that. But other animals are attuned to other things.

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Speaker 1: And yeah, from what I saw, two birds seem to

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Speaker 1: really see colors like nobody's business. Those birds and dogs,

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Speaker 1: I think, tend to see blues and yellows just like us,

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Speaker 1: in a little more robustly. And the other colors on

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Speaker 1: the spectrum are more muted or just don't show up

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Speaker 1: like we see them at all, or more like browns

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Speaker 1: or something like that. So if you get your dog

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Speaker 1: a ball, you want a blue ball or a yellow ball,

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Speaker 1: that it will be able to spot those a lot easier. Well,

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Speaker 1: it doesn't mean they can't see it. It just means

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Speaker 1: they'll see a grayish ball, right, Yeah, if you get like, uh,

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Speaker 1: yes for sure, but um, who wants to play with

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Speaker 1: the gray ball? Okay, I think it's my point. Uh,

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Speaker 1: I don't always wonder how they test for that stuff

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Speaker 1: in animals. You just ask, yeah, blue right, that's a

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Speaker 1: good Scooby impression. Alright. So testing for this you can

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Speaker 1: go on the internet, of course, and you took one

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Speaker 1: of the anomalous scope tests. I took what is known

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Speaker 1: as a p I P which is a test called

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Speaker 1: the Ishihara uh plate and pseudo isochromatic plate. So this

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Speaker 1: was a doctor in Japan. He developed this test for

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Speaker 1: the Japanese Army, doctor Ishihara. And if you go to

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Speaker 1: look at it, it looks it's really kind of cool,

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Speaker 1: slightly psychedelic looking. It's a circle composed of a bunch

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Speaker 1: of little colored dots. Back in the day, he would

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Speaker 1: just hold up cards like a ror check test, like

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Speaker 1: watercolor cards. Yeah, and it's a circle with a bunch

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Speaker 1: of little are dots in the middle, and then within

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Speaker 1: all those dots there is the shape of a number

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Speaker 1: composed of different variations of colors. So there will be

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Speaker 1: like a circle with a bunch of dots that are

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Speaker 1: mainly red and shades of red, and then within that

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Speaker 1: will be like a number four that's really really close

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Speaker 1: and it depends. Some of them really stand out as

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Speaker 1: obvious and some of them really blend in or camouflaged almost,

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Speaker 1: and you pick out these numbers and say what number

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Speaker 1: you're seeing, and then after you go through this whole series,

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Speaker 1: they'll be able to say, like, you know, you're pretty

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Speaker 1: good on the reds, but you obviously have trouble with

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Speaker 1: the greens or something like that. Yeah, because depending on

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Speaker 1: what color scheme they use, if you are like a

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Speaker 1: protein ope and can't see reds, you're you're not going

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Speaker 1: to be able to pick out the red three that's

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Speaker 1: embedded within these dots because you can't see red. It's

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Speaker 1: all just going to fade together and just look like

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Speaker 1: a field of dots to you, whereas somebody else who

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Speaker 1: can see heads would just see it clear as day

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Speaker 1: that there's a three in the middle of that circle. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's pretty ingenious test, and that was that was like

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Speaker 1: the test for a while, but it's definitely advanced by

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Speaker 1: leaps and bounds um since then. There's there's more tests

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Speaker 1: than than just showed up in this articles. One I

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Speaker 1: can't remember the name of it, but it's made of

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Speaker 1: you have four rows of something like twenty or thirty

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Speaker 1: tiles of varying shades across the spectrum and you're supposed

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Speaker 1: to basically put them in order to match a line

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Speaker 1: like a control line, and um, it's kind of like

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Speaker 1: an anomalous gope test, but it's more hands on. And

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Speaker 1: then there's one that the I think the Coast Guard

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Speaker 1: in the Navy and the Air Force use um called

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Speaker 1: the Falworth Lantern test or sorry, Farnsworth Lantern test. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: My uh, my brother in laws a marine and he's

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Speaker 1: a pilot and he had to take this, so this

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Speaker 1: is an additional test. Basically, if you fail the pit test,

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Speaker 1: then you will use this. The f A also uses

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00:18:03,680 --> 00:18:06,200
Speaker 1: it because if you want to be a pilot, um,

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Speaker 1: you can't be color blind, so it's basically a backup.

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Speaker 1: And it's like a little box that shows you colored

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Speaker 1: lights and you have to identify these colored lights as

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Speaker 1: they come up from a distance. Uh. They'll show two

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Speaker 1: at a time, maybe one at a time, and you

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Speaker 1: just have to pick them out and identify the colors.

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Speaker 1: But they do dim Uh they use a filter, so

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Speaker 1: like you can't cheat your way through by knowing that

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Speaker 1: something is bright, so it might be yellow, right, because yeah,

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Speaker 1: if you if when you start looking at colored lights

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Speaker 1: and stuff like that, it does become clear that some

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Speaker 1: are just brighter than others, which is why I think

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Speaker 1: people who have yellow blue color blindness or triton opes um,

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Speaker 1: they tend to be very sensitive to bright light jay

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Speaker 1: which kind of makes sense in a in a weird way.

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Speaker 1: But a lot of this stuff, I was like, wait,

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Speaker 1: how how does that happen? In you know, like due

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Speaker 1: to an opia and protonopia, they overlap so much that

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Speaker 1: they call both of them red red, green color blindness,

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Speaker 1: and they both see reds as browns and they see

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Speaker 1: greens as browns. But it's just bizarre to meet. And

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Speaker 1: when I really kind of drill into it, the actual

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Speaker 1: details of it are are really fascinating because you you

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Speaker 1: just are raised your whole life to think like, this

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Speaker 1: person can't see red, this person can't see green, this

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Speaker 1: person can't see blue. And it's as simple as that.

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Speaker 1: And it's the exact opposite of as simple as that

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Speaker 1: in reality, because there's there's so much nuance to colors

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Speaker 1: that are produced by these three r GB cones. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean, I imagine diagnosing a kid. I mean it's

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Speaker 1: not I mean, we'll talk a little bit about living

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Speaker 1: with color blindness in a bit but it's it's and

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Speaker 1: I'd love to hear from people. It's not like it

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Speaker 1: might hamper you. I don't think to the point of danger.

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Speaker 1: I guess maybe if you were a monochromat that might

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Speaker 1: be possible, but it seems like more than an inconvenience

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00:20:02,640 --> 00:20:05,119
Speaker 1: than anything else. Right, you'd be like, what is this

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00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:09,520
Speaker 1: black liquid pouring out from a major artery in my arm?

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00:20:09,560 --> 00:20:12,080
Speaker 1: I don't know what this is. If it were red,

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00:20:12,160 --> 00:20:16,920
Speaker 1: I would know its blood. Yeah. Uh. As far as

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00:20:16,920 --> 00:20:22,440
Speaker 1: how it's caused, it is uh, largely genetic, although um,

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00:20:22,480 --> 00:20:25,480
Speaker 1: there are some drugs and diseases and conditions it could

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00:20:25,840 --> 00:20:31,480
Speaker 1: cause it later in life, but it's generally genetic. Yes,

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00:20:31,680 --> 00:20:38,040
Speaker 1: so um. Especially red green color blindness is uh what

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00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:42,560
Speaker 1: is it? Sex linked? Recessive? Yeah? And and way more

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Speaker 1: men and way more Caucasian men get it than women.

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Speaker 1: And I'm not quite sure about the Caucasian part. I

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Speaker 1: couldn't find any explanation for that. But there's a very

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Speaker 1: clear and easy explanation for why more men have it.

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Speaker 1: Something like eight percent of Caucasian men and I think

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00:20:57,160 --> 00:21:00,680
Speaker 1: like five percent of Asian men tend to have red

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00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:04,960
Speaker 1: green color blindness of some some varying degree, right, and

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00:21:05,080 --> 00:21:08,439
Speaker 1: if you have red green color blindness, of people are

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00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:11,240
Speaker 1: gonna have mild and the other are going to have

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00:21:11,280 --> 00:21:15,119
Speaker 1: it so severe that it would basically be proteonopia. Do

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00:21:15,160 --> 00:21:18,320
Speaker 1: do to anopia, which again means your cones are starting

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00:21:18,440 --> 00:21:21,639
Speaker 1: aren't functioning, just like one of your cones isn't. But

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Speaker 1: the reason why there's way more men than women, I

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Speaker 1: think something like point five percent of the population in

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00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:32,760
Speaker 1: the US of women have color blindness is because it's

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Speaker 1: carried on the X chromosome. And since it's recessive, men

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00:21:37,680 --> 00:21:40,119
Speaker 1: only have a one X chromosome and they have a

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00:21:40,320 --> 00:21:44,159
Speaker 1: Y chromosome, which means that they're all of their color

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00:21:44,280 --> 00:21:48,040
Speaker 1: vision genes are just on the X chromosome. And since

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00:21:48,119 --> 00:21:52,400
Speaker 1: it's recessive, if that one gene is defective and that

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00:21:52,480 --> 00:21:55,240
Speaker 1: you don't have normal color vision, that the man is

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00:21:55,280 --> 00:21:58,159
Speaker 1: gonna have color blindness. But for a woman, it takes

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00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:05,560
Speaker 1: two defective chromosome genes, right, that's right. So that makes it, uh,

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00:22:05,800 --> 00:22:08,760
Speaker 1: sex linked recessive, which is kind of that could be

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00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:11,560
Speaker 1: an okay album name. I don't know about a band

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00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:15,440
Speaker 1: name sex linked Recessive, sure, yeah, uh. And I talked

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Speaker 1: about diseases and conditions UM, Glaucoma's one, diabetes, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's leukemia, MS,

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00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:29,040
Speaker 1: sickle cell alcoholism. If you literally drink yourself color blind

369
00:22:30,320 --> 00:22:32,680
Speaker 1: like that sounds like something made up. Yeah it does.

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00:22:32,880 --> 00:22:35,040
Speaker 1: You know, you wouldn't be able to detect the pink

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Speaker 1: elephant anymore. Yeah, that's true. You say, who is that

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Speaker 1: gray elephant? And they say all elephants are gray? Drinking

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Speaker 1: yourself color blind? Man? That is that's nuts. That's a

374
00:22:45,920 --> 00:22:50,160
Speaker 1: tom Wait song. There's also um it should be for sure.

375
00:22:50,600 --> 00:22:54,040
Speaker 1: There's also like some drugs that can do it too, right. Yeah.

376
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Speaker 1: I didn't get to look into these as much though,

377
00:22:56,600 --> 00:23:00,679
Speaker 1: but it says that digitalis and chloroquine, you know, the

378
00:23:00,760 --> 00:23:03,840
Speaker 1: second ones of malaria treatment and the first one is

379
00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:09,760
Speaker 1: a reckless heart treatment. Um, but I guess both of

380
00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:13,040
Speaker 1: them can cause color blindness. The thing about color blindness,

381
00:23:13,040 --> 00:23:16,600
Speaker 1: if it's acquired, if it's if it's um genetic, it's

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00:23:16,640 --> 00:23:19,919
Speaker 1: probably red green, you're probably a boy and you're probably

383
00:23:20,040 --> 00:23:23,920
Speaker 1: Caucasian boy, still likeliness, But if it's acquired, it's likelier

384
00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:28,760
Speaker 1: that um, you're yellow blue color blind? Right, Yeah, and

385
00:23:29,080 --> 00:23:31,240
Speaker 1: that can actually get better if it's acquired, it can

386
00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:34,280
Speaker 1: get worse, but it can also go away, depending on say,

387
00:23:34,359 --> 00:23:38,000
Speaker 1: if you stop using the drug that is causing color blindness,

388
00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:40,560
Speaker 1: or maybe you give up drinking. Right, But there's no

389
00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:44,320
Speaker 1: cure for color blindness genetically, so you can't take a

390
00:23:44,359 --> 00:23:48,480
Speaker 1: pill or get a shot or get any kind of treatment. Um.

391
00:23:48,600 --> 00:23:52,920
Speaker 1: There apparently are corrective lenses that they have out there,

392
00:23:53,480 --> 00:23:55,960
Speaker 1: but UM, I don't know about that. That doesn't sound

393
00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:58,400
Speaker 1: like a great idea. I'm not sure how effective those are.

394
00:23:58,640 --> 00:24:01,400
Speaker 1: Supposedly they like kind of work for color, but they

395
00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:05,640
Speaker 1: also affect like depth perception too, which it's kind of

396
00:24:05,960 --> 00:24:08,440
Speaker 1: robbing Peter to pay Paul in that sense. Maybe even

397
00:24:08,520 --> 00:24:11,040
Speaker 1: worse than that. Interesting and I looked them up there

398
00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:13,120
Speaker 1: they don't seem to be any further along than when

399
00:24:13,119 --> 00:24:17,560
Speaker 1: this article was written. But um, there's gene therapy. It

400
00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:20,720
Speaker 1: just hasn't been tested in humans, but it's been shown

401
00:24:20,720 --> 00:24:25,640
Speaker 1: to work in monkeys where they inject genetic material directly

402
00:24:25,640 --> 00:24:30,000
Speaker 1: into the eye and hope for the best. But apparently

403
00:24:30,040 --> 00:24:33,000
Speaker 1: it works in monkeys. Again, same thing as what you

404
00:24:33,040 --> 00:24:35,919
Speaker 1: were saying, how do you how do you know do

405
00:24:36,000 --> 00:24:39,480
Speaker 1: you test for color blindness and animals? It's I want

406
00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:43,880
Speaker 1: to know it's fascinating just the idea of it. Sure,

407
00:24:44,119 --> 00:24:46,760
Speaker 1: hopefully they'll right in. So let's take a break and

408
00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:50,000
Speaker 1: then we'll come back and talk about living with color blindness. Chuck,

409
00:24:50,040 --> 00:25:14,879
Speaker 1: how about that? Alright? So, like I said before, uh,

410
00:25:15,560 --> 00:25:17,360
Speaker 1: and I do want to hear from people that are

411
00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:20,680
Speaker 1: are color blind. It seems like more of an inconvenience

412
00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:24,639
Speaker 1: than an actual danger or a threat. Um it does

413
00:25:24,760 --> 00:25:26,680
Speaker 1: it could limit like maybe what kind of job you

414
00:25:26,760 --> 00:25:29,560
Speaker 1: might want to get. Um, Like I said, you can't

415
00:25:29,560 --> 00:25:32,040
Speaker 1: be color blind if you're a pilot or if you

416
00:25:32,040 --> 00:25:36,040
Speaker 1: want to be a pilot. Um, it's funny they mentioned

417
00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:39,240
Speaker 1: in here if you're an electrician, like color coded wires

418
00:25:39,320 --> 00:25:42,119
Speaker 1: are never really thought about that. But this is probably

419
00:25:42,119 --> 00:25:45,160
Speaker 1: a pretty good point where I guess if you're may

420
00:25:45,200 --> 00:25:48,000
Speaker 1: never work for a bomb squad. Oh yeah, that's a

421
00:25:48,040 --> 00:25:51,320
Speaker 1: good one. That's your life calling. That's sad. Also saw

422
00:25:51,359 --> 00:25:54,639
Speaker 1: if you're a meat inspector, you probably can't be color blind.

423
00:25:55,840 --> 00:26:00,040
Speaker 1: Um looks good to me, right, it's all gray. It's that,

424
00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:05,720
Speaker 1: it's all good. And the similarly, if you um have

425
00:26:05,880 --> 00:26:10,240
Speaker 1: a red color blindness, you can't tell whether steaks cooked

426
00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:14,920
Speaker 1: or not based on color. And uh, Similarly, you if

427
00:26:14,920 --> 00:26:17,000
Speaker 1: you have a green color blindness, you might have trouble

428
00:26:17,040 --> 00:26:21,719
Speaker 1: with ripe fruit, whether fruits ripe or not. Luckily, anyone

429
00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:25,400
Speaker 1: that knows what they're doing with a steak, you could

430
00:26:25,440 --> 00:26:30,760
Speaker 1: be blindfolded and cooking steak right. Sure, And plus it,

431
00:26:30,840 --> 00:26:32,560
Speaker 1: even if you don't know what you're doing, there's meat

432
00:26:32,560 --> 00:26:34,639
Speaker 1: thermometers that I have to do is get to like

433
00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:37,439
Speaker 1: one sixty I think, And you're all right, yeah, But

434
00:26:37,560 --> 00:26:41,040
Speaker 1: I mean we've talked enough about cooking steak in here.

435
00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:44,239
Speaker 1: It's a it's a time thing, a temperature thing, and

436
00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:46,040
Speaker 1: at the very least you can touch it and know

437
00:26:46,119 --> 00:26:49,680
Speaker 1: what's going on. Sure, if it's if it gives your

438
00:26:49,760 --> 00:26:53,400
Speaker 1: thumb frost bite, probably not done yet, because if you're

439
00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:57,560
Speaker 1: cooking a steak by color, that means you're you're cutting

440
00:26:57,640 --> 00:27:00,679
Speaker 1: into the steak to see if it's done, which is

441
00:27:00,720 --> 00:27:04,320
Speaker 1: the worst thing you could ever do. It's it's a sin. Yeah,

442
00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:08,040
Speaker 1: I'm just I'm horrified at that whole notion. I am

443
00:27:08,080 --> 00:27:12,080
Speaker 1: too choke. What about little kids getting dressed and coloring crayons.

444
00:27:12,119 --> 00:27:15,159
Speaker 1: That's why crayons are labeled. But I mean, if they

445
00:27:15,320 --> 00:27:18,040
Speaker 1: use some names that don't really mean anything to the color.

446
00:27:18,160 --> 00:27:21,399
Speaker 1: That's not very helpful, you know. But yeah, if you

447
00:27:21,440 --> 00:27:24,280
Speaker 1: have crayons with the labels peeled off and your color blind,

448
00:27:24,520 --> 00:27:30,040
Speaker 1: that's not good. Um. I also saw diamond appraisers so interesting,

449
00:27:30,119 --> 00:27:35,080
Speaker 1: casino dealers, the chip colors um. But now they have

450
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:40,560
Speaker 1: things like software that can actually change colors on the

451
00:27:40,600 --> 00:27:43,200
Speaker 1: web so that you can see them more clearly depending

452
00:27:43,280 --> 00:27:46,600
Speaker 1: on what kind of color blindness you have. Interesting, so

453
00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:49,000
Speaker 1: that I think it used to be like a real problem,

454
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:50,880
Speaker 1: and then they came up with a lot of different

455
00:27:51,240 --> 00:27:55,439
Speaker 1: software that you can buy and just run on your computer. Um,

456
00:27:55,520 --> 00:27:58,199
Speaker 1: which that's got to help quite a bit. Yeah, that

457
00:27:58,240 --> 00:28:00,520
Speaker 1: didn't surprise me. I mean I figured in the olden

458
00:28:00,600 --> 00:28:03,919
Speaker 1: days it was just like, well, sorry for you, But

459
00:28:03,920 --> 00:28:05,480
Speaker 1: but now there are so many different things that they

460
00:28:05,520 --> 00:28:08,760
Speaker 1: can do to to help people out with various like

461
00:28:09,080 --> 00:28:11,639
Speaker 1: slight conditions like this for sure. And I think a

462
00:28:11,640 --> 00:28:15,280
Speaker 1: lot of the worries were kind of overblown. Um, Like

463
00:28:15,320 --> 00:28:17,760
Speaker 1: the f a A used to used to say like

464
00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:20,960
Speaker 1: you have to have normal color vision to be an

465
00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:24,720
Speaker 1: f a A employee, and they repeal that because there's

466
00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:30,080
Speaker 1: so many other ways you can design things other than colors. Um.

467
00:28:30,119 --> 00:28:32,480
Speaker 1: And it's still a problem for it. I can tell

468
00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:36,760
Speaker 1: like with color blindness, UM, the same light will be

469
00:28:36,880 --> 00:28:40,400
Speaker 1: used on like an electronic thing to show it's fully

470
00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:43,760
Speaker 1: charged or to show it needs charging, Whereas if you

471
00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:46,680
Speaker 1: just have a light blink to show that it needs charging,

472
00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:49,600
Speaker 1: that would help tremendously, rather than just using a green

473
00:28:49,640 --> 00:28:53,440
Speaker 1: for fully charged in red for needing charging. Doesn't help

474
00:28:53,520 --> 00:28:56,120
Speaker 1: somebody with color blindness because it just looks like an

475
00:28:56,200 --> 00:28:59,120
Speaker 1: ugly brown light to them. Um. I never thought about that.

476
00:28:59,120 --> 00:29:02,920
Speaker 1: A lot of things blinking right, And I'll bet that's why. Actually,

477
00:29:02,920 --> 00:29:06,520
Speaker 1: because it's just a better design, not using different colored

478
00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:11,840
Speaker 1: chalked for emphasis in school, UM, using for graphs rather

479
00:29:11,880 --> 00:29:14,640
Speaker 1: than like just colors. You can also use like cross

480
00:29:14,680 --> 00:29:19,120
Speaker 1: hatching or dots or something like that to indicate differences. Um.

481
00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:23,880
Speaker 1: And then the reason I said why it seems like

482
00:29:24,120 --> 00:29:26,640
Speaker 1: people are coming around to the idea of it being

483
00:29:26,760 --> 00:29:30,320
Speaker 1: unsafe to to be color blind in this world, um

484
00:29:30,360 --> 00:29:35,720
Speaker 1: being overblown. Japan had a real like um bias against

485
00:29:35,800 --> 00:29:39,360
Speaker 1: people with color blindness for many, many years. Did you

486
00:29:39,360 --> 00:29:41,720
Speaker 1: read the article I sent? I didn't see that one

487
00:29:42,080 --> 00:29:46,760
Speaker 1: man so back in I think n the crown Prince

488
00:29:46,800 --> 00:29:50,600
Speaker 1: hera Hito was about to marry um a woman, and

489
00:29:50,880 --> 00:29:54,800
Speaker 1: it turned out that she had color blindness in her family,

490
00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:58,520
Speaker 1: and one of the one of the royal families stepped

491
00:29:58,560 --> 00:30:01,120
Speaker 1: up and was like, I don't want marrying this this

492
00:30:01,240 --> 00:30:05,920
Speaker 1: girl because her family has color blindness in in her lineage.

493
00:30:06,600 --> 00:30:11,120
Speaker 1: And the marriage went on anyway, but the publicity involved

494
00:30:12,040 --> 00:30:15,080
Speaker 1: really got people's attention and they really took it to heart,

495
00:30:15,200 --> 00:30:19,720
Speaker 1: and for decades up until a few years ago, there

496
00:30:19,840 --> 00:30:23,040
Speaker 1: was discrimination against people who were colorblind, Like you could

497
00:30:23,080 --> 00:30:28,080
Speaker 1: not enroll in some high school courses or college courses

498
00:30:28,800 --> 00:30:31,200
Speaker 1: if you were tested as color blind, and all kids

499
00:30:31,200 --> 00:30:33,280
Speaker 1: were tested at a young age to see whether they

500
00:30:33,280 --> 00:30:36,480
Speaker 1: were color blind or not. Um you couldn't get some jobs,

501
00:30:37,080 --> 00:30:41,680
Speaker 1: and not even where it was conceivably safe or unsafe.

502
00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:44,959
Speaker 1: It was just like discrimination against people who are color blind.

503
00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:48,160
Speaker 1: In some cases, people who were fully blind could enroll

504
00:30:48,280 --> 00:30:51,280
Speaker 1: in some courses that people who are color blind could not,

505
00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:54,960
Speaker 1: So there was like no scientific basis to it whatsoever.

506
00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:58,400
Speaker 1: It was strictly like this kind of um distaste for

507
00:30:58,560 --> 00:31:02,880
Speaker 1: color blindness that had been the culture since is finally

508
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:07,040
Speaker 1: fading away as as um as time goes on, they

509
00:31:07,040 --> 00:31:10,760
Speaker 1: stop testing kids in Japan in the last year or two, um,

510
00:31:10,800 --> 00:31:13,400
Speaker 1: for color blindness, because they're like, we understand it better

511
00:31:13,480 --> 00:31:16,680
Speaker 1: now and you're not a monster for being color blind. Man,

512
00:31:16,960 --> 00:31:23,640
Speaker 1: that's amazing, isn't that interesting? Yeah? Yeah, something I should know?

513
00:31:24,480 --> 00:31:28,200
Speaker 1: So color blindness? Chucky? Got anything else? Uh? No? Well,

514
00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:31,040
Speaker 1: actually that one little interesting tidbit that apparently people that

515
00:31:31,080 --> 00:31:35,160
Speaker 1: are color blind can pick out camouflage better because they

516
00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:37,880
Speaker 1: look more at texture than in the actual color. Yeah,

517
00:31:37,920 --> 00:31:41,440
Speaker 1: I saw that they make better spotters for sniper teams.

518
00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:46,000
Speaker 1: Nice yea, I guess so, um, all right, what about now?

519
00:31:46,040 --> 00:31:48,600
Speaker 1: You got anything else? Now? Nothing else? So if you

520
00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:51,680
Speaker 1: want to know more about color blindness, go ask somebody

521
00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:54,480
Speaker 1: who's color blind. I'm sure they are gonna have some

522
00:31:54,560 --> 00:31:56,440
Speaker 1: fascinating stuff for you. And we want to hear from

523
00:31:56,440 --> 00:31:58,520
Speaker 1: color blind people too, So please let us know what

524
00:31:58,600 --> 00:32:01,400
Speaker 1: it's like to live as buddy with a color vision

525
00:32:01,480 --> 00:32:05,160
Speaker 1: deficiency or color blindness, or let us know exactly what

526
00:32:05,200 --> 00:32:07,800
Speaker 1: we should say. And uh, since I said that, it's

527
00:32:07,800 --> 00:32:12,120
Speaker 1: time for a listener mate, Alright, I'm gonna call this

528
00:32:12,520 --> 00:32:17,000
Speaker 1: uh little prices right follow up? Okay, we just released

529
00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:24,160
Speaker 1: our live game show live in Denver, Colorado, where we

530
00:32:24,240 --> 00:32:26,640
Speaker 1: had a lot of our stuff. You should know. Army

531
00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:30,360
Speaker 1: members traveled in and met each other for the first time. Yeah,

532
00:32:30,360 --> 00:32:32,360
Speaker 1: that was pretty cool, which is really really neat. We

533
00:32:32,400 --> 00:32:35,520
Speaker 1: had a backstage hang and uh, you know who you are, folks,

534
00:32:35,520 --> 00:32:37,520
Speaker 1: So it was it's great to see you as always.

535
00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:40,840
Speaker 1: We'll be back to Denver because we did two sold

536
00:32:40,840 --> 00:32:43,280
Speaker 1: out shows there. Yeah, it was. It's a great town.

537
00:32:43,440 --> 00:32:45,520
Speaker 1: It was really good. All right. So here we go

538
00:32:45,880 --> 00:32:48,080
Speaker 1: with a little bit about the prices. Right, Hey, guys,

539
00:32:48,120 --> 00:32:50,880
Speaker 1: fairly new listeners started in July. Wow, we'll welcome to

540
00:32:50,960 --> 00:32:54,960
Speaker 1: the show. David um but he's working his way backwards,

541
00:32:54,960 --> 00:32:57,160
Speaker 1: which is great. So he listened to game shows and

542
00:32:57,200 --> 00:32:59,480
Speaker 1: he said, I'm a child of the eighties and like Chuck,

543
00:32:59,600 --> 00:33:02,160
Speaker 1: my sum or in home sick from school days were

544
00:33:02,160 --> 00:33:05,800
Speaker 1: built around a plethora of awesome daily game shows. When

545
00:33:05,880 --> 00:33:09,160
Speaker 1: talking about the Price is Right, Chuck mentioned trotting out

546
00:33:09,160 --> 00:33:13,040
Speaker 1: to the very tough Cliffhanger game. Uh. And this might

547
00:33:13,040 --> 00:33:16,040
Speaker 1: throw me into the dork category, but I'm obsessed with

548
00:33:16,080 --> 00:33:17,720
Speaker 1: getting on the show. I've been to three tapings in

549
00:33:17,720 --> 00:33:20,760
Speaker 1: the past year, and I've studied tips and tricks. So

550
00:33:20,880 --> 00:33:25,000
Speaker 1: he's like, uh, what's his face. Oh, man, I was

551
00:33:25,200 --> 00:33:28,800
Speaker 1: the guy who beat Uh yeah, Michael Larson. Yeah, Michael Larson,

552
00:33:29,520 --> 00:33:32,640
Speaker 1: except he's the Michael Larson of of Cliffhanger. He said,

553
00:33:33,040 --> 00:33:36,240
Speaker 1: he claims this is a full proof way to win,

554
00:33:36,480 --> 00:33:40,240
Speaker 1: so listen up, everybody. Every time he's done it, it's worked.

555
00:33:40,640 --> 00:33:43,719
Speaker 1: Here's the trick. For the first item, bid twenty dollars,

556
00:33:44,920 --> 00:33:50,560
Speaker 1: whatever the actual prices, doesn't matter, Add eleven dollars and

557
00:33:50,680 --> 00:33:53,880
Speaker 1: make that the bid on the second item. Then whatever

558
00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:57,680
Speaker 1: the actual prices for that item, add eleven dollars to that.

559
00:33:58,560 --> 00:34:02,440
Speaker 1: And he said it works every single time. Weird. I

560
00:34:02,560 --> 00:34:06,240
Speaker 1: wonder why. I don't know. Well, they're probably gonna change

561
00:34:06,240 --> 00:34:09,040
Speaker 1: you because, as everyone knows, Drew Carey listens to stuff

562
00:34:09,080 --> 00:34:11,680
Speaker 1: you should know religiously. I'm sure Drew Carey does not

563
00:34:11,800 --> 00:34:14,560
Speaker 1: care one bit who wins and who loses. Uncle Iffhanger.

564
00:34:15,640 --> 00:34:17,640
Speaker 1: I don't know, man. I read this. I think a

565
00:34:17,800 --> 00:34:20,279
Speaker 1: g Q Vanity Fair article about this guy who was

566
00:34:20,320 --> 00:34:23,120
Speaker 1: accused of cheating on the prizes, right, and Drew Carey

567
00:34:23,200 --> 00:34:26,240
Speaker 1: was mad about the idea. Well, sure, if you cheat,

568
00:34:27,040 --> 00:34:30,080
Speaker 1: I guess that's true. Yeah, that's a big distinction. Uh.

569
00:34:30,080 --> 00:34:32,000
Speaker 1: And then he says this my other interesting tidbit is

570
00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:36,480
Speaker 1: regarding the Japanese game show that you discussed to Catchy's Castle.

571
00:34:37,160 --> 00:34:39,600
Speaker 1: Starting in two thousand three, Spike TV took old episodes

572
00:34:39,640 --> 00:34:42,560
Speaker 1: and dubbed them in English, and it totally transformed into

573
00:34:42,600 --> 00:34:45,040
Speaker 1: one of the funniest things you'd ever watch. If you

574
00:34:45,040 --> 00:34:46,960
Speaker 1: have twenty minutes to burn, hop on the YouTube and

575
00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:50,000
Speaker 1: catch an episode. Thanks for the great work that is

576
00:34:50,120 --> 00:34:54,440
Speaker 1: David Mills. Uh. I have a cousin named David Mills,

577
00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:56,799
Speaker 1: and I'm assuming that is not you. You never know.

578
00:34:58,280 --> 00:35:02,000
Speaker 1: Surely he would have just texted me cousin Dave. He's

579
00:35:02,040 --> 00:35:05,880
Speaker 1: the formal type. He doesn't like to take shortcuts except

580
00:35:05,920 --> 00:35:10,200
Speaker 1: the cliffhanger. Well, thanks a lot, cousin Dave. We appreciate that.

581
00:35:11,120 --> 00:35:12,719
Speaker 1: If you want to get in touch with us to

582
00:35:12,840 --> 00:35:16,040
Speaker 1: share your tips and secrets for game shows or for

583
00:35:16,200 --> 00:35:19,080
Speaker 1: getting through life, whatever we want to hear from you,

584
00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:21,560
Speaker 1: You can hang out with us on socials by going

585
00:35:21,560 --> 00:35:23,600
Speaker 1: to our website Stuff you Should Know dot com and

586
00:35:23,640 --> 00:35:25,920
Speaker 1: finding all the links there, or you can send us

587
00:35:25,920 --> 00:35:29,400
Speaker 1: a good old fashioned email Send it to Stuff podcast

588
00:35:29,760 --> 00:35:36,800
Speaker 1: at how Stuff Works dot com for more on this

589
00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:39,479
Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics. Does it how stuff works

590
00:35:39,520 --> 00:35:47,239
Speaker 1: dot com,