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Speaker 1: Welcomed Aaron Manky's Cabinet of Curiosities, a production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio and Grim and Mild. Our world is full

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Speaker 1: of the unexplainable, and if history is an open book,

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Speaker 1: all of these amazing tales are right there on display,

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Speaker 1: just waiting for us to explore. Welcome to the Cabinet

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Speaker 1: of Curiosities. As the old saying goes, history is written

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Speaker 1: by the winners, and the history of aviation was predominantly

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Speaker 1: written by Orville and Wilbur Wright, who changed the world

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Speaker 1: on December seventeenth, nineteen o three with their first successful

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Speaker 1: powered flight at Kittie Hawk, and not just powered, but

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Speaker 1: power controlled. Following the record setting event, the Right brothers

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Speaker 1: got to work building an entire industry around the concept

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Speaker 1: of putting man in the sky, and one way they

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Speaker 1: did that was through the use of patents. For example,

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Speaker 1: the Rights were issued a patent in nineteen o six

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Speaker 1: for their unique method of steering and aircraft called lateral control.

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Speaker 1: Lateral control was a way of maneuvering an airplane by

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Speaker 1: tipping one wing down and raising the opposite wing to

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Speaker 1: turn the aircraft in a different direction. The Rights achieved

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Speaker 1: this by using something called wing warping. By twisting the

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Speaker 1: wing a little, they could get the plane to bank

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Speaker 1: while also countering opposing wind gusts. Hearing it described in

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Speaker 1: words makes it sound like a technological marvel that nobody

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Speaker 1: had ever thought of before. But there really was no

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Speaker 1: other way to get an aircraft to turn back. Then,

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Speaker 1: to those in the industry who understood the mechanics of

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Speaker 1: it all, it was a fairly obvious feature. At least

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Speaker 1: that's what Glenn Curtis thought. Curtis had made his name

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Speaker 1: in bicycles and motorcycles, racing them, building them, and setting

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Speaker 1: world records with them, and he pivoted to the aviation

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Speaker 1: industry one year after the Wright Brothers made their historic event.

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Speaker 1: His prowess with engine architecture made him quite popular with

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Speaker 1: other aviators entering the business. Even Alexander Graham Bell asked

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Speaker 1: him for help with his own flight experiments later on.

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Speaker 1: But Curtis had a problem with the Wright Brothers lateral

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Speaker 1: control patent, namely that it required anyone building an aircraft

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Speaker 1: to pay a royalty for its use. Since there was

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Speaker 1: no way to build a plane without the lateral control

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Speaker 1: system outlined in the patent, the rights essentially had a

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Speaker 1: monopoly on the entire airplane manufacturing industry, so Curtis found

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Speaker 1: a different way to turn his aircraft. He used ailerons.

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Speaker 1: Ailerons were hinged flaps on the edges of the wings

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Speaker 1: that could tilt up or down to change the plane's

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Speaker 1: direction during flight. Almost all planes, from small fighter jets

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Speaker 1: to massive seven forty seven's used them today. Unfortunately, despite

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Speaker 1: his ingenuity, the Rights still sued him for infringement, kicking

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Speaker 1: off a year's long patent war between the two parties.

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Speaker 1: To fight the siblings, Curtis had to find another way

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Speaker 1: to prove that dateral control predated the Rights patent, thus

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Speaker 1: rendering its invalid. To do that, he went back in time, well,

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Speaker 1: not literally silly, He simply did his research and discovered

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Speaker 1: an aircraft by a French designer named Alexandra Goupil, who

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Speaker 1: used lateral control before the Rights were even eighteen. Goupil

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Speaker 1: had made significant strides and aircraft designs in the late

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Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds, having developed a unique monoplane that looked like

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Speaker 1: a cross between a da Vinci or an athopter and

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Speaker 1: a bird, hence its name, the Duck. It was meant

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Speaker 1: to have been powered by Goupil's equally impressive steam engine,

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Speaker 1: but the engine weighed a thousand pounds and was obviously

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Speaker 1: too heavy to install. He did build an unpowered version

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Speaker 1: that flew a few times and even managed to lift

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Speaker 1: two pilots along with it. What set the duck apart

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Speaker 1: from other aircraft was its bird like design, with a

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Speaker 1: single wing boat upward on each side as though being

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Speaker 1: pushed from underneath. Its tail was oriented horizontally, and the

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Speaker 1: bulbous fuselage rested on skids as well as wheels. It

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Speaker 1: flew with the help of a single tractor propeller. Not

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Speaker 1: only had Curtis realized Goupil's original dream, he'd also called

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Speaker 1: it an airplane, one of the first official uses of

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Speaker 1: the term to describe such a vehicle. The Curtis Goupil

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Speaker 1: Duck had its maiden flight on January nineteenth of nineteen seventeen,

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Speaker 1: just over thirty years after Goupil's original glider. Curtis flew

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Speaker 1: it in a straight line before completing a circle with it,

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Speaker 1: demonstrating the lateral control concept that should have never been

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Speaker 1: patented in the first place. Sadly, though it wasn't enough,

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Speaker 1: Curtis didn't win the case although he didn't lose it either.

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Speaker 1: As it turned out, airplanes were becoming increasingly necessary during

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Speaker 1: World War One, and those pesky patents were making production

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Speaker 1: prohibitively pricey. To combat corporate greed, the United States government

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Speaker 1: created a patent pool and required all aeronautic companies to participate.

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Speaker 1: The patents were lumped together under one program, and everyone

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Speaker 1: was charged a nominal fee to use them. Eventually, the

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Speaker 1: war ended, or should I say wars, because after the

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Speaker 1: close of World War One, the aviation patent war also

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Speaker 1: fizzled out. The Right Brothers wound up releasing the lateral

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Speaker 1: control patent anyway, making Curtis's duck plane pointless. But Glenn

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Speaker 1: Curtis was right about one thing. The Right Brothers were greedy.

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Speaker 1: Their lawsuits in the face of impending war earned them

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Speaker 1: some bad press for a while. Curtis had seen them

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Speaker 1: for who they really were from the very beginning. After all,

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Speaker 1: if it walks like a duck and it quacks like

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Speaker 1: a duck, well, at the very least, it's something curious.

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Speaker 1: It can be a blessing or a curse to be

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Speaker 1: defined by one thing. Actors can get pigeon holed into

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Speaker 1: certain types of roles for their entire careers. Average people

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Speaker 1: can suddenly find themselves the subject of viral videos that

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Speaker 1: will haunt them forever, and on a smaller scale, the

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Speaker 1: gadget whiz in the family will forever be everyone's tech

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Speaker 1: support for as long as they live, but at least

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Speaker 1: they won't be Stein used to be, who these days,

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Speaker 1: is remembered for one unfortunate incident. He used to be

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Speaker 1: had endured a terrible upbringing. You see, his father had

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Speaker 1: been abusive and had been arrested numerous times over the years.

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Speaker 1: He'd even gone to prison for a variety of violent crimes,

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Speaker 1: including one occurrence where he'd held a taxi driver at gunpoint.

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Speaker 1: As a result of that rough childhood, Stein had developed

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Speaker 1: a dependency on alcohol and underwent to stay in an institution.

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Speaker 1: He was eventually released and allowed to attend high school

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Speaker 1: to obtain his degree. Sadly, despite staying clean for two years,

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Speaker 1: Stein found his way back to the bottle, which took

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Speaker 1: him down a darker path than even he had probably expected.

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Speaker 1: On June twenty i Ve, the day after his graduation,

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Speaker 1: Stein put on a nice suit and a pair of

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Speaker 1: sunglasses and boarded flight one thirty nine from Tronheim, Norway,

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Speaker 1: to the capital city of Oslo. It was supposed to

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Speaker 1: be a short trip. He sat toward the back of

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Speaker 1: the plane and waited for the other one fifteen passengers

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Speaker 1: to buckle in. Little did they know that they were

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Speaker 1: about to go for a bumpy ride. Once the plane

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Speaker 1: was airborne, Stein reached into his luggage and pulled out

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Speaker 1: a small pistol, which he pointed at a flight attendant

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Speaker 1: and instructed her to inform the pilot that he was

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Speaker 1: taking over the plane. They were to land as scheduled,

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Speaker 1: at which point he would give the authorities his demands.

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Speaker 1: Flight one thirty nine landed fifteen minutes passed its original

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Speaker 1: e t A, but by the time it touchdown police

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Speaker 1: had already arrived on the scene. They surrounded the plane

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Speaker 1: and had all other flights en route directed to another

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Speaker 1: nearby airports. No other passengers knew what was going on

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Speaker 1: until after they had landed. Stein had apparently been quiet

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Speaker 1: and calm the entire time. Now that the police were

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Speaker 1: just outside, though the time for decorum had come to

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Speaker 1: an end, he announced that there were explosives in the bathrooms.

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Speaker 1: To keep everyone in their seats and assured them that

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Speaker 1: no one was going to get hurt as long as

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Speaker 1: they all stayed put. Then as for his demands, well,

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Speaker 1: apparently Stein had a bone to pick with the Norwegian authorities.

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Speaker 1: He claimed that he had been mistreated after being released

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Speaker 1: from prison, and he wanted to speak to the Prime

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Speaker 1: Minister and Justice Minister about his financial security now that

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Speaker 1: he was out. Neither party, however, agreed to talk to him.

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Speaker 1: After a few hours of discussions, he released the one

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Speaker 1: fifteen other passengers, but the pilot and crew were forced

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Speaker 1: to stay behind. Stein perched himself in one of the

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Speaker 1: bathrooms and kept an eye on the flight crew as

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Speaker 1: he made a more reasonable request bring me beer. Despite

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Speaker 1: most likely being inebriated when he first boarded, he wanted

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Speaker 1: to keep things going and drained the flight of its

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Speaker 1: entire stock of liquid gold. When that ran out, the

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Speaker 1: police brought in more, and Stein kept on drinking. So

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Speaker 1: it was about an hour later when one of the

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Speaker 1: officers decided to try his luck. The hijacker had run

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Speaker 1: out of beer again and had demanded a refill, so

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Speaker 1: the officer refused to comply until Stein handed over his gun,

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Speaker 1: which he did. He thought he was making a trade

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Speaker 1: when in reality, he had just given over his only

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Speaker 1: bargaining chip, and it hadn't even been a real gun

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Speaker 1: at all. It was just an air pistol, a toy

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Speaker 1: that he had purchased while in Trondheim. It's a funny

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Speaker 1: story on the surface, a hijacker who gave up his

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Speaker 1: only weapon for some beer. But look deeper and there's

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Speaker 1: a real tragedy there. He needed help, and he thought

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Speaker 1: the only way that he could get it was by

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Speaker 1: commandeering a plane and speaking to the leader of his country.

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Speaker 1: Perhaps the real crime was in how the system had

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Speaker 1: failed him. Well, that's and hijacking, obviously. I hope you've

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Speaker 1: enjoyed today's guided tour of the Cabinet of Curiosities. Subscribe

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Speaker 1: for free on Apple Podcasts, or learn more about the

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Speaker 1: show by visiting Curiosities podcast dot com. The show was

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Speaker 1: created by me Aaron Manky in partnership with how Stuff Works.

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Speaker 1: I make another award winning show called Lore, which is

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Speaker 1: a podcast, book series, and television show, and you can

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Speaker 1: learn all about it over at the World of Lore

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Speaker 1: dot com. And until next time, stay curious. Yeah h