1
00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:05,279
Speaker 1: What girls in the forest, our imagination and our family bonds.

2
00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:08,719
Speaker 1: The forest is closer than you think. Find a forest

3
00:00:08,840 --> 00:00:11,680
Speaker 1: near you and discover the fourth dot org brought to

4
00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:14,640
Speaker 1: you by the United States for Service and the AD Council.

5
00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:19,799
Speaker 1: We've all felt left out, and for people who moved

6
00:00:19,800 --> 00:00:22,320
Speaker 1: to this country, that feeling lasts more than a moment.

7
00:00:23,079 --> 00:00:26,200
Speaker 1: We can change that. Learn how it belonging begins with

8
00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:28,960
Speaker 1: us dot Org, brought to you by the AD Council.

9
00:00:30,600 --> 00:00:33,879
Speaker 1: Conquer your New Year's resolutions with the Before Breakfast podcast.

10
00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:36,519
Speaker 1: In each bite sized daily episode, you'll learn how to

11
00:00:36,520 --> 00:00:38,839
Speaker 1: make the most of your time with practical tools to

12
00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:41,280
Speaker 1: help you feel less busy and get more done. Listen

13
00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:43,640
Speaker 1: to Before Breakfast on the I Heart Radio app four

14
00:00:43,680 --> 00:00:55,160
Speaker 1: wherever you get your podcasts. What's Francisco and My Francoes? Yeah, fuzz,

15
00:00:55,800 --> 00:00:59,360
Speaker 1: there we go. We introduced it. It's not as not

16
00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:01,120
Speaker 1: as big in an MS Hitler like, I'm gonna be

17
00:01:01,120 --> 00:01:03,440
Speaker 1: honest with you, not not doesn't have the kind of

18
00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:07,160
Speaker 1: star power like if Hitler. Hitler's like like Ben Affleck

19
00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:10,559
Speaker 1: right uh and and we're doing like the Matt Damon

20
00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:13,680
Speaker 1: of fascism today. He's just just not the same. That

21
00:01:14,560 --> 00:01:17,160
Speaker 1: is not accurate. You are completely wrong. You just like

22
00:01:17,280 --> 00:01:21,440
Speaker 1: his tattoo. Come on, I love I love his trashy, gigantic,

23
00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:25,120
Speaker 1: fullback phoenix tattoo. Pretty funny, It's right, Okay, Well I

24
00:01:25,120 --> 00:01:27,280
Speaker 1: think of somebody. It's like a deep He's it's more

25
00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:30,240
Speaker 1: famous than Ben Affleck will say. It's more like a

26
00:01:30,280 --> 00:01:32,839
Speaker 1: Scottie Pippen, you know what I'm saying, Like Scottie Pippen

27
00:01:32,880 --> 00:01:35,760
Speaker 1: to Hitler's the Michael Jordan of fascism. It is like

28
00:01:35,760 --> 00:01:39,399
Speaker 1: scott Pippen. We're talking to Scottie Pippen and Scottie Pippen.

29
00:01:40,520 --> 00:01:44,520
Speaker 1: Francisco Yeah he's a yeah, yeah, Francisco is underrated. You know,

30
00:01:44,600 --> 00:01:48,000
Speaker 1: he's good. He's not good. He's a monster. Quite a

31
00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:52,160
Speaker 1: Pippen at a shoe exactly exactly Pippin's. Like we're talking about,

32
00:01:52,240 --> 00:01:55,200
Speaker 1: like like Franco's, which would be Jack boots almost as

33
00:01:55,240 --> 00:01:57,320
Speaker 1: tall as the Hitler Jack boots and not quite as

34
00:01:57,360 --> 00:02:01,160
Speaker 1: shiny coast, but still jack boots and they're little sheep jack.

35
00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:04,400
Speaker 1: Yeah for the fascist on a budget. You know. Um,

36
00:02:05,640 --> 00:02:08,520
Speaker 1: we're trying to talk about the tattoo again. I did.

37
00:02:08,560 --> 00:02:11,519
Speaker 1: I always want to talk and how hilarious and how

38
00:02:11,560 --> 00:02:14,639
Speaker 1: sad Ben Affleck looks every time he's captured in the wild.

39
00:02:15,040 --> 00:02:17,359
Speaker 1: Just looks like he's been dying for the last twenty

40
00:02:17,440 --> 00:02:20,440
Speaker 1: straight years. And I'm here for it. Love Jack in

41
00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:24,400
Speaker 1: the Box. It's incredible. He's just so miserable all the time.

42
00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:26,880
Speaker 1: It just feels like he spent so much time being

43
00:02:26,919 --> 00:02:29,320
Speaker 1: attractive that he just got tired of it. It was

44
00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:35,280
Speaker 1: just like, speaking of fascism, you've heard of the fewer principle,

45
00:02:35,360 --> 00:02:37,760
Speaker 1: the idea that like a single man can embody the

46
00:02:37,800 --> 00:02:39,720
Speaker 1: spirit of a people, which is you know what Hitler

47
00:02:39,840 --> 00:02:42,400
Speaker 1: used to rise to power. I never believed in it

48
00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:46,920
Speaker 1: until Ben Affleck, because Ben Affleck is the spiritual embodiment

49
00:02:46,960 --> 00:02:51,640
Speaker 1: of Boston. He's yeah, he's perfect. Yeah, he's really really is.

50
00:02:52,880 --> 00:02:56,800
Speaker 1: I Yeah, Like, if the Southeast weren't so damn racist,

51
00:02:56,880 --> 00:02:59,520
Speaker 1: I would really like that area, you know what I'm saying.

52
00:03:01,720 --> 00:03:05,880
Speaker 1: But yeah, oh yeah about the Celtics. But I know

53
00:03:05,960 --> 00:03:08,839
Speaker 1: a bit about fascism, and proper fascism is a little

54
00:03:08,880 --> 00:03:11,240
Speaker 1: bit different in every country. It's kind of like um,

55
00:03:11,320 --> 00:03:18,320
Speaker 1: kind of like skittles, you know, different flavors ships, Yeah, yeah, yeah, milk, chocolate,

56
00:03:18,360 --> 00:03:20,320
Speaker 1: as opposed to the dark. You know, this is part

57
00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:22,959
Speaker 1: of why scholars and theorists have such a damnable time

58
00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:25,840
Speaker 1: defining what fascism is. In the first place, there's a

59
00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:28,400
Speaker 1: dictionary definition, right, There's gonna be a dictionary definition in

60
00:03:28,400 --> 00:03:31,520
Speaker 1: any dictionary you open. But it's not really useful, in

61
00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:34,840
Speaker 1: part because a lot of dictionary definitions of fascism apply

62
00:03:35,040 --> 00:03:39,560
Speaker 1: almost as well to like communist regimes, any any authoritarian regime,

63
00:03:40,040 --> 00:03:42,400
Speaker 1: which is, you know, there's there's some points there, which

64
00:03:42,400 --> 00:03:45,240
Speaker 1: is that whenever you have a totalitarian system, similar bad

65
00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:48,720
Speaker 1: things often do happen. But fascism is unique for a

66
00:03:48,800 --> 00:03:53,240
Speaker 1: number of reasons, including its ability to subvert healthy democracies. Um.

67
00:03:53,360 --> 00:03:56,160
Speaker 1: And so when you have historians of fascism, people whose

68
00:03:56,160 --> 00:03:59,240
Speaker 1: whole life is studying this thing, this amorphous thing that

69
00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:01,920
Speaker 1: we're still kind getting grips on, all of them kind

70
00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:04,640
Speaker 1: of tend to have their own definitions of it. Um.

71
00:04:04,720 --> 00:04:07,400
Speaker 1: And often those definitions don't contrast. They just different ways

72
00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:09,680
Speaker 1: of kind of wording the same things. I tend to

73
00:04:09,760 --> 00:04:13,200
Speaker 1: be feel confident that Umberto Echo has done the best

74
00:04:13,280 --> 00:04:16,000
Speaker 1: job of defining it in his his essay on Earth Fascism.

75
00:04:16,040 --> 00:04:18,880
Speaker 1: I'm a big fan of the way Echo talked about fascism,

76
00:04:19,160 --> 00:04:21,200
Speaker 1: and I think that Echo would have named Trump as

77
00:04:21,200 --> 00:04:24,760
Speaker 1: a fascist straightaway. Um, in part because in the mid nineties,

78
00:04:24,839 --> 00:04:27,520
Speaker 1: when he wrote his essay on Earth Fascism, he predicted

79
00:04:27,560 --> 00:04:29,400
Speaker 1: that the Internet and like the way that it allowed

80
00:04:29,440 --> 00:04:32,760
Speaker 1: would allow people to spread messages and crowdsource activism, would

81
00:04:32,839 --> 00:04:35,320
Speaker 1: lead to the rise of a of a unique kind

82
00:04:35,360 --> 00:04:37,800
Speaker 1: of fascists. And I think that Trump embodied that in

83
00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:39,160
Speaker 1: a lot of ways, and I think Echo would have

84
00:04:39,200 --> 00:04:41,320
Speaker 1: seen it right away. Now, on the other hand, I

85
00:04:41,320 --> 00:04:43,080
Speaker 1: think I may know where you're where echoes going out.

86
00:04:43,080 --> 00:04:45,240
Speaker 1: Haven't read the thing, but like, I have this theory

87
00:04:45,279 --> 00:04:47,479
Speaker 1: about the type of fascist that Trump is, but I'd

88
00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:50,000
Speaker 1: love to hear what this guy says. Yeah, I mean Echo,

89
00:04:50,080 --> 00:04:53,240
Speaker 1: Echo kind of outlined a number of different things that

90
00:04:53,360 --> 00:04:55,560
Speaker 1: are like that are when you have a mix of

91
00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:57,919
Speaker 1: these things and sort of a constellation that is what

92
00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:00,320
Speaker 1: fascism is. So there's a mix of like, you know,

93
00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:04,920
Speaker 1: popular resentment against the left, like a sense of machismo,

94
00:05:05,160 --> 00:05:10,320
Speaker 1: of of misogyny, um, a cult of action for action's sake, uh, syncretism,

95
00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:12,720
Speaker 1: the ability to like pull other things in and kind

96
00:05:12,720 --> 00:05:16,080
Speaker 1: of attached them to itself under like aspects of spirituality

97
00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:19,080
Speaker 1: and whatnot. Um, there were a bunch of different things

98
00:05:19,120 --> 00:05:25,680
Speaker 1: that that Echo noted as kind of key aspects of fascism. Um, Okay, sorry,

99
00:05:25,680 --> 00:05:27,200
Speaker 1: you know what we're saying, because I was gonna say, well,

100
00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:29,760
Speaker 1: it was so interesting about like what I feel, like,

101
00:05:30,520 --> 00:05:33,440
Speaker 1: what we're gonna hear as history nerds for the next

102
00:05:33,520 --> 00:05:37,560
Speaker 1: you know, a hundred years, about the unique the what

103
00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:39,840
Speaker 1: Trump symbolizes and it might just be a new type

104
00:05:39,839 --> 00:05:43,040
Speaker 1: of fascism for the rest of our life. But just

105
00:05:43,120 --> 00:05:47,760
Speaker 1: this fascism that doesn't have a foreseeable goal, like except

106
00:05:47,760 --> 00:05:50,080
Speaker 1: for just being in power, you know what I'm saying.

107
00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:52,400
Speaker 1: That was so that's what was so interesting to me

108
00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:55,599
Speaker 1: about the uniqueness about Trump's fascism is like, yeah, but

109
00:05:55,640 --> 00:05:58,200
Speaker 1: what's your endgame here? Like what do you what are

110
00:05:58,200 --> 00:06:00,680
Speaker 1: you doing? You know what I'm saying. Whereas like we

111
00:06:00,839 --> 00:06:05,360
Speaker 1: knew what Mussolini was doing, we know what you know definitely,

112
00:06:05,440 --> 00:06:07,520
Speaker 1: and we knew yeah he did it, Like we knew

113
00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:09,720
Speaker 1: what you were doing. This was your goal, you know

114
00:06:09,720 --> 00:06:13,159
Speaker 1: what I'm saying. And I'm just like what you're like, Yeah,

115
00:06:13,640 --> 00:06:16,039
Speaker 1: what are you doing? Dude? You know his lack of

116
00:06:16,080 --> 00:06:20,000
Speaker 1: a plan, right, singles dot com. Yeah, apparently Trump saying

117
00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:24,680
Speaker 1: that because I think that did I think threw some

118
00:06:24,720 --> 00:06:26,880
Speaker 1: people off, is that he clearly didn't have as much

119
00:06:26,880 --> 00:06:29,240
Speaker 1: of it like Mussolini. I do think it's more similar

120
00:06:29,279 --> 00:06:31,159
Speaker 1: to Trump than Hitler's and the kind of fascist that

121
00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:34,039
Speaker 1: he was and in his goals. But Mussolini had a

122
00:06:34,080 --> 00:06:37,080
Speaker 1: plan to take and hold power, and I guess one

123
00:06:37,120 --> 00:06:38,880
Speaker 1: of the things that's been revealed is that like Trump

124
00:06:38,960 --> 00:06:41,680
Speaker 1: definitely wanted to take and hold power, but he did

125
00:06:41,680 --> 00:06:44,640
Speaker 1: not have much of a plan. Not yeah. I was like,

126
00:06:44,960 --> 00:06:49,719
Speaker 1: your goal is to reach a goal, which is yeah, yeah,

127
00:06:49,960 --> 00:06:53,479
Speaker 1: your goal was just almost like yeah, He's there's a

128
00:06:53,480 --> 00:06:55,000
Speaker 1: lot to be said, and I don't know, you just

129
00:06:55,040 --> 00:06:57,320
Speaker 1: want to keep being right, you know, And I'm like

130
00:06:57,400 --> 00:07:00,520
Speaker 1: about what, Yeah, anyway, it It's interesting and a number

131
00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:02,800
Speaker 1: of like, there are other scholars of fascism who took

132
00:07:02,839 --> 00:07:05,520
Speaker 1: a lot longer to kind of decide that that Trump

133
00:07:05,560 --> 00:07:08,560
Speaker 1: fit their definition of fascism. I'm thinking about Robert Paxton here,

134
00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:11,920
Speaker 1: and Paxton is a very well respected scholar of fascism.

135
00:07:11,920 --> 00:07:13,800
Speaker 1: He wrote a book called The Anatomy of Fascism that's

136
00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:16,480
Speaker 1: a very good book, Um, and he only felt comfortable

137
00:07:16,520 --> 00:07:19,480
Speaker 1: declaring Trump a fascist after January six and he was like,

138
00:07:19,560 --> 00:07:22,320
Speaker 1: that was the line, Like it was. Paxtons been consistent,

139
00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:25,080
Speaker 1: he's an authoritarian, there's fascist elements and what he does,

140
00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:27,760
Speaker 1: but he didn't kind of name him a fascist until

141
00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:30,480
Speaker 1: after the sixth And I like, I'm not slamming Paxton.

142
00:07:30,560 --> 00:07:32,800
Speaker 1: I think there's a room for intellectual debate on toism.

143
00:07:32,840 --> 00:07:35,120
Speaker 1: And I understand kind of why he, like, like you said,

144
00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:37,440
Speaker 1: Trump's a different kind of one, right, and where I

145
00:07:37,560 --> 00:07:40,440
Speaker 1: fascism changes based on the country and based on the

146
00:07:40,480 --> 00:07:43,280
Speaker 1: time period, you know, um, And I do think kind

147
00:07:43,320 --> 00:07:45,080
Speaker 1: of one of the things that Echo was was sort

148
00:07:45,120 --> 00:07:47,840
Speaker 1: of peering around the edges of when he was talking

149
00:07:47,840 --> 00:07:49,240
Speaker 1: about how he thought we were going to see an

150
00:07:49,280 --> 00:07:52,200
Speaker 1: internet based fascism in the future, was the idea that

151
00:07:52,280 --> 00:07:54,880
Speaker 1: like another aspect of fascism, And he didn't define this

152
00:07:54,920 --> 00:07:56,800
Speaker 1: as a key aspect of fascism, but I think that

153
00:07:56,880 --> 00:08:00,880
Speaker 1: it is is the fascist is the city to find

154
00:08:01,080 --> 00:08:05,400
Speaker 1: a way to utilize new media technology in a way

155
00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:07,560
Speaker 1: that no one else understands yet, which Trump did right.

156
00:08:07,560 --> 00:08:10,800
Speaker 1: No other politician understood how to use social media in

157
00:08:10,840 --> 00:08:13,920
Speaker 1: the way that Trump did when Trump came onto the scene. Um,

158
00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:16,600
Speaker 1: it's a big part of his success anyway. So there's

159
00:08:16,640 --> 00:08:18,920
Speaker 1: a lot of debate over what is a fascist. And

160
00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:21,120
Speaker 1: as a result of this debate, there's actually quite a

161
00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:23,520
Speaker 1: lot of argument on whether or not the regime of

162
00:08:23,560 --> 00:08:27,480
Speaker 1: Francisco Franco in Spain was truly fascist. And you'll find

163
00:08:27,520 --> 00:08:29,600
Speaker 1: a lot of argument about this about whether or not

164
00:08:29,640 --> 00:08:32,959
Speaker 1: Franco was a fascist. There were fascists in Spain, absolutely,

165
00:08:33,160 --> 00:08:36,360
Speaker 1: whether or not Franco and his regime really counts, um.

166
00:08:36,400 --> 00:08:38,720
Speaker 1: And what's not up for debate is that many elements

167
00:08:38,760 --> 00:08:41,240
Speaker 1: of the Spanish right leading up to enduring the Spanish

168
00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:45,439
Speaker 1: Civil War were fascists in that Fascist powers Italy and

169
00:08:45,559 --> 00:08:48,880
Speaker 1: uh in Germany intervened in that civil war because they

170
00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:51,520
Speaker 1: saw what was happening there as a battle between fascism

171
00:08:51,559 --> 00:08:55,160
Speaker 1: and socialism largely um and more to the point, whatever

172
00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:57,520
Speaker 1: you can say about Franco himself, and we'll talk about

173
00:08:57,600 --> 00:09:00,080
Speaker 1: him more in Part two, the Battle over Spain in

174
00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:03,360
Speaker 1: the late nineteen thirties absolutely ranks as the first open

175
00:09:03,400 --> 00:09:08,040
Speaker 1: military conflict between fascism and democracy and fascism and socialism.

176
00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:09,760
Speaker 1: To write like all of that was kind of in

177
00:09:09,800 --> 00:09:12,760
Speaker 1: the mix. And on the Spanish side, the Republican side,

178
00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:15,200
Speaker 1: you had like the Spanish republic who were you know,

179
00:09:16,040 --> 00:09:19,599
Speaker 1: liberals more or less people who supported like a constitutional democracy,

180
00:09:19,640 --> 00:09:23,320
Speaker 1: and you had anarchists and communists and socialists, Severian kind

181
00:09:23,320 --> 00:09:26,040
Speaker 1: of lesser strains. Trotsky Is too, who were It's a

182
00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:29,719
Speaker 1: very complicated civil war. It's more like Syria than than

183
00:09:29,760 --> 00:09:32,240
Speaker 1: a lot of other conflicts because there's so much going on,

184
00:09:32,360 --> 00:09:36,360
Speaker 1: so many different different kind of corners to it. It's

185
00:09:36,440 --> 00:09:38,559
Speaker 1: interesting real quick before you get into this is like,

186
00:09:38,760 --> 00:09:40,520
Speaker 1: you know, in a past life, I was like a

187
00:09:40,600 --> 00:09:44,280
Speaker 1: history and social science like high school teacher, and I

188
00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:48,920
Speaker 1: went through the entire credentialing process all the way up

189
00:09:48,960 --> 00:09:53,079
Speaker 1: to masters, and at no point in any of our

190
00:09:53,120 --> 00:09:57,400
Speaker 1: California standards was it ever required to talk about this.

191
00:09:58,120 --> 00:10:01,120
Speaker 1: And which is so antio seemed to me to win,

192
00:10:01,840 --> 00:10:04,439
Speaker 1: especially when I'm trying to set up, you know, because

193
00:10:04,679 --> 00:10:06,600
Speaker 1: since I wasn't a direct history I was more like

194
00:10:06,640 --> 00:10:10,479
Speaker 1: a social science teacher, trying to set up how cultures

195
00:10:10,840 --> 00:10:13,160
Speaker 1: get where they get and like why it was so

196
00:10:13,200 --> 00:10:16,240
Speaker 1: weird around World War two and why we got so

197
00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:18,800
Speaker 1: like we was already itchy, why a lot of a

198
00:10:18,840 --> 00:10:20,520
Speaker 1: lot of us was like, man, we really don't want

199
00:10:20,520 --> 00:10:23,240
Speaker 1: to go over there. It's because we was I was like, well,

200
00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:25,000
Speaker 1: because of the Spanish Civil War, like we kind of

201
00:10:25,080 --> 00:10:26,760
Speaker 1: you know, who's kind of going back and forth about

202
00:10:26,760 --> 00:10:29,360
Speaker 1: sending troops over there like it was. And the students

203
00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:32,760
Speaker 1: were like, wait what and I'm like, yeah, the space. Yes,

204
00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:35,760
Speaker 1: Spain had a civil war like this happened, like you

205
00:10:35,840 --> 00:10:37,240
Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. This was like it was right

206
00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:39,240
Speaker 1: before World War Two, like this happened. It was like

207
00:10:39,440 --> 00:10:42,000
Speaker 1: this whole big thing. That's like it's a big thing,

208
00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:44,520
Speaker 1: and we were involved, like we almost you know I'm saying,

209
00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:48,640
Speaker 1: but just like that's like in no, thousands of Americans volunteered. Yeah. Yes,

210
00:10:48,760 --> 00:10:51,440
Speaker 1: And I'm like it's not required to talk about And

211
00:10:51,520 --> 00:10:54,719
Speaker 1: I'm like, oh my god, this is You're missing this.

212
00:10:54,920 --> 00:10:56,800
Speaker 1: You're missing a lot of the story if you don't

213
00:10:56,880 --> 00:11:01,640
Speaker 1: understand why even World War Two was so touchy for us. Yeah,

214
00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:03,440
Speaker 1: and part of it was this anyway, go on. One

215
00:11:03,440 --> 00:11:05,160
Speaker 1: of the reasons people don't like to talk about this

216
00:11:05,240 --> 00:11:07,560
Speaker 1: is that it is it's very complicated, and it is

217
00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:09,960
Speaker 1: not as much of a cut and dried story as

218
00:11:10,240 --> 00:11:13,120
Speaker 1: makes it easy to sort of summarize, right, once the

219
00:11:13,160 --> 00:11:15,320
Speaker 1: fighting starts, once the Civil war starts, it is a

220
00:11:15,320 --> 00:11:18,120
Speaker 1: bit easier. But even then, it's a very fucking messy war.

221
00:11:18,679 --> 00:11:21,720
Speaker 1: And there are really shitty people um on on the

222
00:11:21,760 --> 00:11:24,040
Speaker 1: good guys side too, right, Like there's a lot of

223
00:11:24,080 --> 00:11:26,440
Speaker 1: like very ugly stuff that happens because it's a war.

224
00:11:26,559 --> 00:11:28,320
Speaker 1: You know. The same is true of World War Two.

225
00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:30,960
Speaker 1: It's just been heavily whitewashed, and the Nazis were so

226
00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:33,400
Speaker 1: fucking bad that it makes it a lot easier to

227
00:11:33,920 --> 00:11:36,839
Speaker 1: make your side seem like the good dudes. Um Now,

228
00:11:37,360 --> 00:11:40,200
Speaker 1: in some ways, like because of how complicated it is,

229
00:11:40,200 --> 00:11:42,360
Speaker 1: and we're going this whole episode is about the birth

230
00:11:42,360 --> 00:11:44,720
Speaker 1: of Spanish fascism, and we're gonna do some pretty deep

231
00:11:44,800 --> 00:11:48,079
Speaker 1: history here, um and in in some ways, the story

232
00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:50,360
Speaker 1: of how fascism evolves in Spain bears a lot less

233
00:11:50,360 --> 00:11:53,360
Speaker 1: resemblance to what's happened in America than either of the

234
00:11:53,360 --> 00:11:55,880
Speaker 1: two stories we've discussed so far. But while they're the

235
00:11:55,920 --> 00:11:58,240
Speaker 1: similarities are a lot less direct. I actually think there's

236
00:11:58,280 --> 00:12:00,240
Speaker 1: a lot here that's valuable because we're going to kind

237
00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:03,760
Speaker 1: of lay out how this evolved over time and how

238
00:12:04,080 --> 00:12:06,440
Speaker 1: the birth of fascism in Spain was woven into the

239
00:12:06,440 --> 00:12:08,480
Speaker 1: birth of democracy itself. And I think that's a really

240
00:12:08,640 --> 00:12:12,240
Speaker 1: important story. Um, but we're gonna need a lot of context.

241
00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:16,280
Speaker 1: So Spain is unique, fairly unique among European nations, and

242
00:12:16,320 --> 00:12:19,120
Speaker 1: that it has not had a sense of nationalism from

243
00:12:19,160 --> 00:12:21,880
Speaker 1: most of modern history. Um, not in nearly the same

244
00:12:21,920 --> 00:12:23,760
Speaker 1: way that you got with England, or with France or

245
00:12:23,800 --> 00:12:28,040
Speaker 1: with Germany once you know, eighteen seventy whatever rolls around. Um,

246
00:12:28,200 --> 00:12:30,920
Speaker 1: the Spanish state does go back very far to fourteen

247
00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:34,320
Speaker 1: seventy eight when Ferdinand and Isabella, you know, the Columbus folks,

248
00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:39,280
Speaker 1: right when they decided to yeah South America, Yeah yeah, yeah.

249
00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:41,679
Speaker 1: And before that they were the ones, like Spain, they

250
00:12:41,760 --> 00:12:46,320
Speaker 1: kick out the Moors, you know, the Muslims who had

251
00:12:46,400 --> 00:12:49,120
Speaker 1: kind of taken over a chunk of Iberia as a

252
00:12:49,120 --> 00:12:52,080
Speaker 1: result of the counter into anyway, they take back Spain

253
00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:53,920
Speaker 1: for Christendom. That would be the way they would have

254
00:12:53,960 --> 00:12:56,840
Speaker 1: framed it, um. But they don't actually make a nation,

255
00:12:56,880 --> 00:12:58,800
Speaker 1: not in any modern sense. Spain is a bunch of

256
00:12:58,840 --> 00:13:03,480
Speaker 1: independent kingdom, and those independent kingdoms up until fairly recently

257
00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:06,360
Speaker 1: never really melded together. You've got the Aragonese, and you've

258
00:13:06,400 --> 00:13:08,480
Speaker 1: got Catalans, and you've got the Basque and they all

259
00:13:08,480 --> 00:13:10,199
Speaker 1: of their and there's there's more than that, right and

260
00:13:10,679 --> 00:13:12,600
Speaker 1: this but don't pretend I'm not going to pretend this

261
00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:16,800
Speaker 1: is Spanish history is incredibly complicated. I am very far

262
00:13:16,880 --> 00:13:19,600
Speaker 1: from an expert, um. And there are still issues with

263
00:13:19,640 --> 00:13:21,920
Speaker 1: like a lot of Catalans and a lot of Basque

264
00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:24,960
Speaker 1: still want like some at least some degree of independence

265
00:13:25,080 --> 00:13:28,520
Speaker 1: from the Spanish state. Yeah, recognition from the Yeah. And

266
00:13:28,520 --> 00:13:30,720
Speaker 1: they all of their own languages and cultural traditions. And

267
00:13:30,760 --> 00:13:32,679
Speaker 1: one of the things that I learned that's interesting actually

268
00:13:32,800 --> 00:13:38,120
Speaker 1: is that, um, the the the like Spanish, what we

269
00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:41,600
Speaker 1: know is Spanish comes from the chunk of like the

270
00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:44,840
Speaker 1: the language group that was kind of most dominant in Iberia.

271
00:13:44,880 --> 00:13:48,199
Speaker 1: But they actually stole the word for the country from

272
00:13:48,240 --> 00:13:49,920
Speaker 1: I think it was the Catalans. So like it's it's

273
00:13:49,960 --> 00:13:54,280
Speaker 1: it's very anyway, very complicated history, um. And from most

274
00:13:54,320 --> 00:13:57,520
Speaker 1: of Spanish history, the only unifying factors of all these

275
00:13:57,600 --> 00:14:00,600
Speaker 1: very disparate groups of people were the crown, the king,

276
00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:04,320
Speaker 1: and the Catholic Church. Um, and mainly the Catholic Church.

277
00:14:04,440 --> 00:14:08,600
Speaker 1: Right now, in the eighteen hundreds, Spain was dominated by

278
00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:11,080
Speaker 1: a revolution, or Spain was kind of overtaken. Spanish thought

279
00:14:11,120 --> 00:14:14,360
Speaker 1: was overtaken by a revolution in classical liberalism, right, that

280
00:14:14,440 --> 00:14:16,199
Speaker 1: sort of takes over a lot of parts of Europe

281
00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:20,000
Speaker 1: at this point in time. In Spain is included in that.

282
00:14:20,320 --> 00:14:23,160
Speaker 1: But in Spain, this kind of new liberal wave largely

283
00:14:23,200 --> 00:14:26,120
Speaker 1: failed to push for any kind of mass Spanish identity.

284
00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:28,360
Speaker 1: It didn't like and this is where you start to

285
00:14:28,400 --> 00:14:30,960
Speaker 1: get like French identity, right and like, but you don't

286
00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:34,600
Speaker 1: really get that, um, I mean France, it starts earlier

287
00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:36,560
Speaker 1: than the eighteen hundreds, but like, you don't really get

288
00:14:36,600 --> 00:14:38,800
Speaker 1: that in a big way in Spain. And part of

289
00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:41,440
Speaker 1: the reason is that kind of the cultural elites failed

290
00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:45,040
Speaker 1: to institute any meaningful education reforms for the majority of

291
00:14:45,040 --> 00:14:48,440
Speaker 1: the population. UM Like France in the same period, establishes

292
00:14:48,520 --> 00:14:52,520
Speaker 1: a functional education system, and by contrast, Spain's failure to

293
00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:54,800
Speaker 1: do this means that education remained the purview of the

294
00:14:54,840 --> 00:14:57,520
Speaker 1: Catholic Church. They do most of the educating and it's

295
00:14:57,520 --> 00:14:59,680
Speaker 1: only for the wealthy. Um and the country would deal

296
00:14:59,720 --> 00:15:02,320
Speaker 1: with why spread a literacy well into the nineteen hundreds,

297
00:15:02,560 --> 00:15:05,240
Speaker 1: and when you don't have mass public education one of

298
00:15:05,280 --> 00:15:08,480
Speaker 1: the things you don't have is a widespread idea of

299
00:15:08,520 --> 00:15:11,400
Speaker 1: the history and like what your nation is. And like, right,

300
00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:14,960
Speaker 1: that's part of why anyway, there's not Nationalism is not

301
00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:17,600
Speaker 1: really much of a thing in Spain. Um as a

302
00:15:17,640 --> 00:15:21,680
Speaker 1: result of this, they're too busy killing off Americans and

303
00:15:21,680 --> 00:15:23,960
Speaker 1: they're absolutely that's one of the things. That's where they're

304
00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:28,200
Speaker 1: a huge imperial power and someone's there the first world power. Um,

305
00:15:28,320 --> 00:15:30,200
Speaker 1: like the first power that's like on the on the

306
00:15:30,320 --> 00:15:34,240
Speaker 1: level of like what the US was earlier in our lifetimes. Yeah, yeah,

307
00:15:34,400 --> 00:15:37,520
Speaker 1: knowing like being being a Californian married to a Mexican woman,

308
00:15:37,640 --> 00:15:40,760
Speaker 1: like you know, you you have to somehow kind of

309
00:15:40,760 --> 00:15:44,280
Speaker 1: know a little Spanish history as to why these why

310
00:15:44,320 --> 00:15:46,600
Speaker 1: these Mayans are speaking Spanish, you know what I'm saying,

311
00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:49,800
Speaker 1: and like and uh, you know, because the part of

312
00:15:49,840 --> 00:15:52,360
Speaker 1: Mexico she's from there, from southern Mexican Mexico, so like

313
00:15:52,400 --> 00:15:54,400
Speaker 1: they're they're kind of Mayan, you know what I mean.

314
00:15:54,880 --> 00:15:59,440
Speaker 1: And um, but yeah, this like weird, like how they

315
00:15:59,480 --> 00:16:05,280
Speaker 1: imp exported this like colorism and just this weird. Yeah.

316
00:16:05,360 --> 00:16:07,600
Speaker 1: But at the same time, Kano, body in your country

317
00:16:07,600 --> 00:16:11,160
Speaker 1: read you know, so it's just this weird like thing

318
00:16:11,560 --> 00:16:14,600
Speaker 1: happening with Spain. Yeah, it's it's very weird and like,

319
00:16:14,640 --> 00:16:16,240
Speaker 1: if we're going to be completely fair, like if you

320
00:16:16,280 --> 00:16:18,280
Speaker 1: look at the system of sort of slavery that was

321
00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:22,400
Speaker 1: instituted in what we now call Latin America, Um, it's

322
00:16:22,480 --> 00:16:25,400
Speaker 1: it's one of the few systems of slavery and history

323
00:16:25,480 --> 00:16:27,600
Speaker 1: that's like on the same level as what we had

324
00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:30,800
Speaker 1: in the American South, like absolutely, and and and and

325
00:16:30,880 --> 00:16:32,720
Speaker 1: genocides of it. So I'm not trying to like whitewash

326
00:16:32,760 --> 00:16:35,440
Speaker 1: Spanish history. What I'm saying. They don't have nationalism. It's

327
00:16:35,480 --> 00:16:37,080
Speaker 1: just not it's not the same as it is with

328
00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:39,520
Speaker 1: all and that's what I'm saying. But that's I'm adding

329
00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:42,320
Speaker 1: to it, like that it's peculiar that they had such

330
00:16:42,360 --> 00:16:46,840
Speaker 1: an imperialistic power without this like national identity. Yeah, it is.

331
00:16:46,880 --> 00:16:50,880
Speaker 1: It's very odd. Like Spain is an interesting country to study. Now.

332
00:16:50,920 --> 00:16:53,840
Speaker 1: The Catholic Church was a major force in Spain for

333
00:16:53,920 --> 00:16:57,080
Speaker 1: pushing against the development of a modern liberal state. Right

334
00:16:57,080 --> 00:17:00,160
Speaker 1: in the eighteen hundreds. You don't really have nations anywhere

335
00:17:00,440 --> 00:17:02,920
Speaker 1: up until like it started, like that concept kind of

336
00:17:02,920 --> 00:17:06,679
Speaker 1: starts like in the seventeen hundreds like things shifts a

337
00:17:06,720 --> 00:17:09,040
Speaker 1: lot less. The idea of like a nation the way

338
00:17:09,040 --> 00:17:11,119
Speaker 1: that we conceive of one is kind of born in

339
00:17:11,119 --> 00:17:14,600
Speaker 1: this period seventeen hundreds, and the Catholic Church in Spain

340
00:17:14,680 --> 00:17:18,359
Speaker 1: really pushes against the modern liberal state. Um. This was

341
00:17:18,440 --> 00:17:21,320
Speaker 1: largely due to the fact that liberalism had an anti

342
00:17:21,320 --> 00:17:24,399
Speaker 1: clerical bias. Right. The Catholic Church for the medieval period

343
00:17:24,480 --> 00:17:26,479
Speaker 1: is like the most power, the big power in the world. Right,

344
00:17:26,480 --> 00:17:29,560
Speaker 1: they have influence everywhere in Christendom, and they start to

345
00:17:29,640 --> 00:17:31,920
Speaker 1: lose it in this period because governments are like, well,

346
00:17:32,040 --> 00:17:34,440
Speaker 1: where we gonna let a church in Italy tell our

347
00:17:34,480 --> 00:17:36,959
Speaker 1: government like, we're England. I don't like, I don't give

348
00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:42,040
Speaker 1: a ship what you said, yeah, um, And the you know,

349
00:17:42,080 --> 00:17:44,640
Speaker 1: Catholic Catholicism is huge in Spain and the church is like, well,

350
00:17:44,680 --> 00:17:46,440
Speaker 1: we don't want any of this ship going on. So

351
00:17:46,920 --> 00:17:50,400
Speaker 1: Spain the Church pushes against kind of a lot of

352
00:17:50,400 --> 00:17:52,919
Speaker 1: of modernizing ideas. And one of those things is that

353
00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:56,280
Speaker 1: Spain failed to develop a modern military system. And while

354
00:17:56,320 --> 00:17:59,719
Speaker 1: it was again a massive military power, they never do

355
00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:02,200
Speaker 1: like what France does. Where you you start this idea

356
00:18:02,240 --> 00:18:05,440
Speaker 1: of a nation under arms and a modern professional style

357
00:18:05,480 --> 00:18:08,080
Speaker 1: of the military that takes a lot longer to develop

358
00:18:08,119 --> 00:18:10,880
Speaker 1: in Spain, and it's part of why they don't do

359
00:18:10,960 --> 00:18:13,760
Speaker 1: so well when everyone else develops a modern military right

360
00:18:13,760 --> 00:18:16,400
Speaker 1: and they start losing their empire, both to a combination

361
00:18:16,400 --> 00:18:19,120
Speaker 1: of European powers taking their ship from them and from

362
00:18:19,119 --> 00:18:21,800
Speaker 1: a lot of revolutions in places they had controlled that

363
00:18:21,880 --> 00:18:24,920
Speaker 1: overthrows them um. And so the seventeen hundreds and eighteen

364
00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:27,639
Speaker 1: hundreds see a rapid decline in Spanish power. It had

365
00:18:27,680 --> 00:18:30,840
Speaker 1: been declining before then, but yeah, now the ultimate collapse

366
00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:34,920
Speaker 1: of Spanish imperialism um really comes in eighteen ninety eight

367
00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:37,199
Speaker 1: when the United States goes to war with Spain for

368
00:18:37,240 --> 00:18:39,920
Speaker 1: no reason really and takes over Cuba and the Philippine

369
00:18:40,760 --> 00:18:44,000
Speaker 1: just because like it's a just randomly just like hey,

370
00:18:44,920 --> 00:18:47,080
Speaker 1: you want a new imperial power, we could be there

371
00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:51,280
Speaker 1: and there. You know, Spain is an unbelievably brutal particularly

372
00:18:51,320 --> 00:18:53,119
Speaker 1: in the Philippines, and then we take over and we're

373
00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:55,920
Speaker 1: unbelievably brutal in the Philippines, and the people they're like, oh,

374
00:18:56,000 --> 00:18:58,160
Speaker 1: you guys, so are we going to have a democracy now?

375
00:18:58,160 --> 00:19:01,680
Speaker 1: And we're like no, no, no, oh no, we want

376
00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:05,160
Speaker 1: your ship, like we want your ship. You know, she's

377
00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:07,680
Speaker 1: setting you free so we can own you. I mean,

378
00:19:08,680 --> 00:19:10,879
Speaker 1: I don't understand kind of freedom. It's that kind of

379
00:19:11,359 --> 00:19:14,560
Speaker 1: it's that kind of freedom. Yeah, Like we don't even

380
00:19:14,640 --> 00:19:16,480
Speaker 1: let women in our country vote. You think we're gonna

381
00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:18,439
Speaker 1: let you vote? What are you? What are you talking about?

382
00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:25,960
Speaker 1: It's motherfucker's so interesting. Yea, nothing changes, it's just your

383
00:19:26,040 --> 00:19:28,760
Speaker 1: leaders speak English now. I mean, our guns are better.

384
00:19:28,760 --> 00:19:31,240
Speaker 1: Our guns are a lot better than Spanish guns. They're

385
00:19:31,280 --> 00:19:40,840
Speaker 1: guns sucked. That's why we're in charge now. Colonialism. So

386
00:19:40,840 --> 00:19:42,959
Speaker 1: so one of the things that's interesting about Spain is

387
00:19:43,080 --> 00:19:48,280
Speaker 1: Lady Late nine. That's like the height of colonialism right

388
00:19:48,320 --> 00:19:51,000
Speaker 1: before World War One starts like like murders a lot

389
00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:53,359
Speaker 1: of the great powers that controlled the whole world. So

390
00:19:53,440 --> 00:19:56,960
Speaker 1: like they are they are writing high. Africa's just been like,

391
00:19:57,119 --> 00:19:58,960
Speaker 1: you know, murdered, like in a lot of ways, like

392
00:19:59,280 --> 00:20:01,919
Speaker 1: colonize this avel for Africa's like at its height. You know,

393
00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:05,240
Speaker 1: Belgium owns the Congo. It's that period. So everyone else

394
00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:10,439
Speaker 1: who's doing imperialism is doing gang busters, and Spain's empire collapses.

395
00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:14,040
Speaker 1: So what happens to everyone else in like the fifties, sixties, seventies,

396
00:20:14,520 --> 00:20:18,199
Speaker 1: UM really happens to Spain like sixty, a couple of

397
00:20:18,240 --> 00:20:21,560
Speaker 1: generations earlier. So they actually go through the they're an

398
00:20:21,560 --> 00:20:24,840
Speaker 1: empire who goes through the collapse of colonialism while everyone

399
00:20:24,880 --> 00:20:26,960
Speaker 1: else is doing great at colonialism, which is one of

400
00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:29,040
Speaker 1: the things that makes them very interesting. So some of

401
00:20:29,040 --> 00:20:32,720
Speaker 1: the things that happen in colonial powers when their empires collapse,

402
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:35,240
Speaker 1: these things that we've seen in Germany and France and

403
00:20:35,240 --> 00:20:37,399
Speaker 1: England and that we're seeing now in the United States

404
00:20:37,720 --> 00:20:40,280
Speaker 1: happen in Spain in the late eighteen nineties. Because it's

405
00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:43,000
Speaker 1: just the stuff that happens when you're an empire that fails.

406
00:20:43,760 --> 00:20:47,680
Speaker 1: I find that really interesting. Historian Stanley pain Uh calls

407
00:20:47,720 --> 00:20:51,600
Speaker 1: eighteen ninety eight the first modern post colonial trauma in

408
00:20:51,680 --> 00:20:54,080
Speaker 1: Western Europe UM, and I think you do have to

409
00:20:54,160 --> 00:20:56,080
Speaker 1: view it as a trauma for the people in Spain,

410
00:20:56,200 --> 00:20:58,400
Speaker 1: and probably the best equivalent to our own society would

411
00:20:58,440 --> 00:20:59,959
Speaker 1: be the ongoing trauma that a lot of a mayor

412
00:21:00,040 --> 00:21:03,000
Speaker 1: organs have faced in Vietnam and Iraq and Afghanistan. And

413
00:21:03,040 --> 00:21:05,400
Speaker 1: I'm not trying to minimize the traumas faced in those

414
00:21:05,440 --> 00:21:08,320
Speaker 1: countries as a result of US action, which are commensurately greater.

415
00:21:08,680 --> 00:21:10,920
Speaker 1: But we've seen in the MAGA movement, right and all

416
00:21:10,920 --> 00:21:12,600
Speaker 1: of these like that, it's that have come home and

417
00:21:12,640 --> 00:21:15,280
Speaker 1: stormed the capital and ship like. It is a trauma.

418
00:21:15,280 --> 00:21:17,560
Speaker 1: It's a trauma where you were an empire that fails.

419
00:21:17,600 --> 00:21:22,359
Speaker 1: It fox people up who were used to being the empire. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah,

420
00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:25,720
Speaker 1: that yeah, that's that's that. I'll find that part, like,

421
00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:29,800
Speaker 1: you know, as being a black dude being like, you know,

422
00:21:29,920 --> 00:21:33,600
Speaker 1: we the saying, you know that like a qualities oppression

423
00:21:33,600 --> 00:21:35,760
Speaker 1: if all you know is privileged, you know what I'm saying.

424
00:21:35,800 --> 00:21:38,439
Speaker 1: So like when if you're just you're so used to

425
00:21:38,440 --> 00:21:40,880
Speaker 1: the system working for you, the second it doesn't, you're

426
00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:44,159
Speaker 1: like something must be broken. You're like, well, no, it

427
00:21:44,280 --> 00:21:46,440
Speaker 1: was broke. That's why it only worked for you, you

428
00:21:46,480 --> 00:21:49,320
Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. Yeah, yeah, it was always broken.

429
00:21:49,320 --> 00:21:51,360
Speaker 1: It was always one of the people it worked for.

430
00:21:52,280 --> 00:21:56,719
Speaker 1: So yeah, Spain deals with this postcolonial trauma very early,

431
00:21:56,920 --> 00:22:00,320
Speaker 1: right before the rest before the rest of the Western world, right,

432
00:22:00,359 --> 00:22:02,480
Speaker 1: really does because it fails for them. They were the

433
00:22:02,480 --> 00:22:04,520
Speaker 1: first for it to work, and they were the first

434
00:22:04,520 --> 00:22:07,320
Speaker 1: that it failed for, which I guess makes sense now

435
00:22:07,359 --> 00:22:10,280
Speaker 1: Like in the US, all those failing colonial ventures that

436
00:22:10,359 --> 00:22:14,000
Speaker 1: we had flooded the United States with disaffected veterans debt,

437
00:22:14,119 --> 00:22:16,080
Speaker 1: and it fueled the rise of a resentful right wing

438
00:22:16,160 --> 00:22:18,240
Speaker 1: as well as feeling the rise of a dissident left

439
00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:20,800
Speaker 1: wing right. Both of all of that stuff was really

440
00:22:21,320 --> 00:22:24,600
Speaker 1: um incited in a lot of ways by UH. And

441
00:22:24,720 --> 00:22:26,720
Speaker 1: obviously I'm not calling the dissident left a bad thing.

442
00:22:27,119 --> 00:22:31,600
Speaker 1: Um But like those horrible colonial wars, we had really

443
00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:33,960
Speaker 1: fueled a lot of that, And the situation in Spain

444
00:22:34,040 --> 00:22:37,800
Speaker 1: after eight nine is not all that different. Now, with

445
00:22:37,880 --> 00:22:40,600
Speaker 1: her years as a great power seemingly behind her, Spanish

446
00:22:40,640 --> 00:22:43,680
Speaker 1: intellectuals begin to wonder if the sense of exceptionalism that

447
00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:46,920
Speaker 1: they'd always taken for granted had been based on false premises.

448
00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:51,160
Speaker 1: And I'm gonna quote from historian Stanley Pain here. I know, right, interesting, Yeah.

449
00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:54,399
Speaker 1: Symptomatic of the dismay of the nationalist military was an

450
00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:58,480
Speaker 1: editorial in El Heraldo Militar on twenty three November nineteen

451
00:22:58,480 --> 00:23:02,720
Speaker 1: o eight, entitled worst in Anywhere. It declared, wherever we look,

452
00:23:02,760 --> 00:23:06,679
Speaker 1: we find greater virility than in our own people. In Turkey, Persia, China,

453
00:23:06,760 --> 00:23:09,760
Speaker 1: the Balkan States, everywhere we find life and energy even

454
00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:13,040
Speaker 1: in Russia. In Spain there was only apathy and submission.

455
00:23:13,359 --> 00:23:19,480
Speaker 1: How sad it is to think about the situation in Spain. Yeah,

456
00:23:19,520 --> 00:23:23,920
Speaker 1: it kind of feels like us in the coronavirus. We're like, yeah,

457
00:23:24,040 --> 00:23:26,959
Speaker 1: I think Americans can identify with a lot of Wait,

458
00:23:27,119 --> 00:23:30,920
Speaker 1: they're hearing here, even if you don't feel it bad

459
00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:33,439
Speaker 1: you you know the intellectuals in our own society who

460
00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:37,040
Speaker 1: are saying the same ship, right, yes, yes, Now. The

461
00:23:37,080 --> 00:23:40,280
Speaker 1: Spanish political system was not at all stable domestically during

462
00:23:40,280 --> 00:23:43,320
Speaker 1: the period after like while her empire was in free fall,

463
00:23:43,560 --> 00:23:45,720
Speaker 1: and that's part of why the empire didn't last. From

464
00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:48,040
Speaker 1: eighteen o three to the early nineteen hundreds, there were

465
00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:51,159
Speaker 1: more than a dozen military coups. Between eighteen thirty three

466
00:23:51,200 --> 00:23:54,399
Speaker 1: and eighteen seventy six, Spain was racked by three civil wars,

467
00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:57,919
Speaker 1: the Carlist wars, which were not battles against everybody's favorite

468
00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:01,520
Speaker 1: tertiary Simpson's character, but we're instead members of a conservative,

469
00:24:01,520 --> 00:24:04,719
Speaker 1: pro church political movement. The car Lists were the violent,

470
00:24:04,840 --> 00:24:08,480
Speaker 1: armed wing of Catholics right there were the embodiment of

471
00:24:08,520 --> 00:24:12,199
Speaker 1: clerical resentment against liberal Spain. They were religious extremists who

472
00:24:12,240 --> 00:24:15,280
Speaker 1: didn't want the country to modernize UM, and I found

473
00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:17,879
Speaker 1: a very detailed right up for students on a Lyman

474
00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:21,040
Speaker 1: dot uk that notes the Carlist wars quote where fought

475
00:24:21,040 --> 00:24:24,359
Speaker 1: with a fervor and brutality derived from deep divisions within Spain.

476
00:24:24,680 --> 00:24:27,239
Speaker 1: They also lasted longer than national wars and were more

477
00:24:27,280 --> 00:24:30,480
Speaker 1: difficult to resolve. They anticipated the Spanish Civil War in

478
00:24:30,560 --> 00:24:33,080
Speaker 1: a number of respects. There was a strong element of

479
00:24:33,080 --> 00:24:37,159
Speaker 1: different and conflicting beliefs within the country, profound traditional Catholicism

480
00:24:37,200 --> 00:24:41,320
Speaker 1: against modern liberal thought, regional independence against traditional central control,

481
00:24:41,560 --> 00:24:45,919
Speaker 1: political liberalism against deep conservative monarchism. So this is all

482
00:24:45,960 --> 00:24:47,840
Speaker 1: the stuff that's been cooking up in the background of

483
00:24:47,840 --> 00:24:50,680
Speaker 1: Spanish politics at the turn of the twentieth century. Now

484
00:24:50,760 --> 00:24:52,920
Speaker 1: partly as a result of the car List Wars. Spain

485
00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:56,200
Speaker 1: had a relatively underdeveloped right wing in this period because

486
00:24:56,320 --> 00:24:58,720
Speaker 1: you know, a lot of them gotten killed in wars

487
00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:01,359
Speaker 1: UM and they been very tied to the Church, So

488
00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:03,639
Speaker 1: there wasn't as much like a nationalist right wing. It

489
00:25:03,680 --> 00:25:07,520
Speaker 1: was a Catholic right wing. Now, Spanish nationalism, as I said,

490
00:25:07,560 --> 00:25:09,480
Speaker 1: was kind of nascent and didn't really start to erupt

491
00:25:09,480 --> 00:25:12,320
Speaker 1: into the street until after World War One. In Spain

492
00:25:12,359 --> 00:25:14,000
Speaker 1: was neutral in World War One, so you think they

493
00:25:14,080 --> 00:25:15,600
Speaker 1: might be in a better position because they don't really

494
00:25:15,640 --> 00:25:18,520
Speaker 1: get involved in this ship um and it does delay

495
00:25:18,680 --> 00:25:21,040
Speaker 1: a lot of political extremism in the country. It's why

496
00:25:21,080 --> 00:25:23,640
Speaker 1: they don't have, like, you know, a communist movement that's

497
00:25:23,680 --> 00:25:26,560
Speaker 1: really a big deal until after the war. The first

498
00:25:26,640 --> 00:25:30,320
Speaker 1: big street fight in Spain between radical political groups actually

499
00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:34,040
Speaker 1: happened between two opposed groups of nationalists in nineteen nineteen.

500
00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:38,520
Speaker 1: Radical Catalanists, which are like big like advocates of Catalan separatism,

501
00:25:38,920 --> 00:25:42,200
Speaker 1: had been holding peaceful nightly demonstrations in favor of independence

502
00:25:42,200 --> 00:25:45,600
Speaker 1: throughout nineteen eighteen. In January of nineteen nineteen, a group

503
00:25:45,680 --> 00:25:49,200
Speaker 1: of right wing Espaniolistas, who are like nationalists violent Spanish

504
00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:54,280
Speaker 1: nationalists assaulted this gathering of peaceful Catalanists. Both groups battled

505
00:25:54,280 --> 00:25:56,120
Speaker 1: it out in the streets of Barcelona and what would

506
00:25:56,160 --> 00:25:59,400
Speaker 1: soon become a familiar display. The Espaniolistas were a mix

507
00:25:59,400 --> 00:26:01,800
Speaker 1: of local army officers and men from a group calling

508
00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:06,400
Speaker 1: itself the Lega Patriotica Espaniola. This violence was soon superseded

509
00:26:06,400 --> 00:26:09,720
Speaker 1: by a spree of organized political murders by anarcho syndicalists

510
00:26:09,720 --> 00:26:12,080
Speaker 1: from a labor federation called the C and T. And

511
00:26:12,119 --> 00:26:15,359
Speaker 1: this is like unrelated to the national separatism. There's also

512
00:26:15,560 --> 00:26:17,639
Speaker 1: and we'll talk about anarchism in a second, but a

513
00:26:17,640 --> 00:26:21,600
Speaker 1: bunch of anarchists extremists start murdering people based on like like,

514
00:26:21,640 --> 00:26:24,879
Speaker 1: based on class really, um and that brings us a

515
00:26:24,880 --> 00:26:27,159
Speaker 1: temporary stop to all of the street fighting because the

516
00:26:27,240 --> 00:26:30,000
Speaker 1: murders bring the cops out against all sorts of what

517
00:26:30,040 --> 00:26:33,080
Speaker 1: are considered to be political extremists, and it briefly claims

518
00:26:33,080 --> 00:26:34,960
Speaker 1: it's what we're about to see in the United States,

519
00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:37,800
Speaker 1: and it briefly clamps down on all political organization in

520
00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:42,880
Speaker 1: the streets. Yeah. Now, in most of Western Europe, anarchists

521
00:26:42,920 --> 00:26:46,199
Speaker 1: tended to be smaller like they weren't fairly rare for

522
00:26:46,240 --> 00:26:49,280
Speaker 1: anarchists to make a large percentage of political radicals in

523
00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:52,159
Speaker 1: the European country. Um. And it's much more common for

524
00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:55,720
Speaker 1: like socialists and communists to be a significant like force,

525
00:26:55,800 --> 00:26:59,000
Speaker 1: a significant like sized force. Ukraine would be an exist

526
00:26:59,240 --> 00:27:01,480
Speaker 1: an exception to the we talked about Nestor mcnow on

527
00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:04,800
Speaker 1: our our Christmas episodes. UM. And part of why Ukraine

528
00:27:04,880 --> 00:27:07,600
Speaker 1: had a large and organized anarchist movement is that Ukraine

529
00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:10,200
Speaker 1: was largely agrarian. And one of the things we see

530
00:27:10,640 --> 00:27:13,280
Speaker 1: in in like Europe in this period of time is

531
00:27:13,320 --> 00:27:16,159
Speaker 1: that nations that have a large industrial base and a

532
00:27:16,200 --> 00:27:19,959
Speaker 1: lot of industrial workers have a huge communist movement. Nations

533
00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:23,280
Speaker 1: that are primarily rural and agricultural have a large anarchist

534
00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:26,840
Speaker 1: movement because anarchists are more common kind of come out

535
00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:30,600
Speaker 1: of agrarian, rural communities more often than common, because communism

536
00:27:30,640 --> 00:27:33,359
Speaker 1: is a workers movement. Marks early on in his career

537
00:27:33,440 --> 00:27:36,200
Speaker 1: was very much like you like kind of wrote off

538
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:38,440
Speaker 1: for a long time rural people. Was like, no, it's

539
00:27:38,440 --> 00:27:41,080
Speaker 1: all about the workers. It's about industrial like them. You

540
00:27:41,080 --> 00:27:43,639
Speaker 1: can organize and you can use them to take you know,

541
00:27:43,760 --> 00:27:47,040
Speaker 1: take over the system basically, and like rural people are

542
00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:48,919
Speaker 1: kind of a lost cause. And he did change on

543
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:52,040
Speaker 1: that later in his life install but like, that's part

544
00:27:52,119 --> 00:27:55,320
Speaker 1: of why you don't really see communism erupt out of

545
00:27:55,440 --> 00:27:57,919
Speaker 1: rural areas in this period. You see anarchism when you

546
00:27:57,960 --> 00:28:02,240
Speaker 1: see left wing experience. Yeah, yeah, so I'm gonna quote it. Yeah,

547
00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:06,560
Speaker 1: it's it's interesting, right, I didn't actually thought of that. Yeah,

548
00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:09,119
Speaker 1: And that's part of why when I think about ways

549
00:28:09,119 --> 00:28:12,600
Speaker 1: in which to pull people in rural America away from

550
00:28:12,680 --> 00:28:15,720
Speaker 1: right wing extremism. I think of more systems like democratic

551
00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:19,719
Speaker 1: confederalism or libertary municipalism like book chin Um that are

552
00:28:19,800 --> 00:28:21,680
Speaker 1: kind of more of an out of a more anarchist

553
00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:24,359
Speaker 1: view because like a lot of these libertarians, I do

554
00:28:24,440 --> 00:28:28,120
Speaker 1: think you can pull into a more reasonable system that's

555
00:28:28,160 --> 00:28:30,399
Speaker 1: not right wing extremism, because a lot of their basic

556
00:28:30,440 --> 00:28:32,399
Speaker 1: ideology is I want to be left alone. And I

557
00:28:32,400 --> 00:28:34,159
Speaker 1: think you could be like, well, we we want to

558
00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:36,280
Speaker 1: leave you alone. We just also would like to be

559
00:28:36,359 --> 00:28:40,760
Speaker 1: left alone. Can we figure out a way to like yes, yes, yeah. Um.

560
00:28:40,800 --> 00:28:43,160
Speaker 1: So I'm gonna quote from Lemon dot Uk again on

561
00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:46,960
Speaker 1: kind of politics and Spain in this period quote capitalist

562
00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:49,080
Speaker 1: industry had not developed in the same ways that had

563
00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:51,480
Speaker 1: in Germany, Britain and America, and Spain had little in

564
00:28:51,480 --> 00:28:54,160
Speaker 1: the way of organized labor. After small scale beginnings in

565
00:28:54,200 --> 00:28:57,200
Speaker 1: eighteen sixty eight, anarchism came to be a major revolutionary

566
00:28:57,240 --> 00:29:00,000
Speaker 1: influence of the twentieth century, and was more widely embraced

567
00:29:00,160 --> 00:29:02,840
Speaker 1: in Spain than other left wing ideas. The movement first

568
00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:05,760
Speaker 1: gained notice in the eighteen seventies after a violent incident

569
00:29:05,800 --> 00:29:07,959
Speaker 1: at the town of Alcoy in eighteen seventy three, when

570
00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:10,760
Speaker 1: anarchists took advantage of a strike to spread radical ideas,

571
00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:13,760
Speaker 1: causing the police to fire on the gathered populace. A

572
00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:17,400
Speaker 1: clampdown was enforced that sent the movement underground. Consequently, it

573
00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:20,160
Speaker 1: became largely based in rural areas, which were more difficult

574
00:29:20,160 --> 00:29:23,440
Speaker 1: to police. Anarchism was reduced to individual acts of terrorism,

575
00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:25,479
Speaker 1: which in turn were met by repression and torture by

576
00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:28,560
Speaker 1: the state throughout the eighteen eighties and eighteen nineties. By

577
00:29:28,560 --> 00:29:30,920
Speaker 1: the early twentieth century, terrorism had given way to a

578
00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:33,720
Speaker 1: belief in anarcho syndicalism. This was the theory that the

579
00:29:33,760 --> 00:29:36,400
Speaker 1: state could be challenged by cooperative action by the workers

580
00:29:36,440 --> 00:29:39,400
Speaker 1: and strikes. The Federation of Workers Societies and the of

581
00:29:39,400 --> 00:29:42,200
Speaker 1: the Spanish Region was formed in nineteen hundred. This movement

582
00:29:42,280 --> 00:29:45,560
Speaker 1: organized strikes to exercise political power and was again suppressed.

583
00:29:45,800 --> 00:29:48,600
Speaker 1: Wage cuts and closures of factories in Barcelona in nineteen

584
00:29:48,640 --> 00:29:50,320
Speaker 1: o nine, together with a call up of men for

585
00:29:50,360 --> 00:29:53,040
Speaker 1: a colonial war in Morocco, led to a general strike

586
00:29:53,120 --> 00:29:55,480
Speaker 1: in the city on twenty six of July. This turned

587
00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:58,040
Speaker 1: out to be a major event, with seventeen hundred arrests,

588
00:29:58,080 --> 00:30:01,320
Speaker 1: attacks on railway lines, and anti claire Colism, hostility to

589
00:30:01,360 --> 00:30:04,800
Speaker 1: the church. Eighty churches and monasteries were attacked. The government

590
00:30:04,800 --> 00:30:07,840
Speaker 1: response was swift and merciless, and five leaders were executed.

591
00:30:08,520 --> 00:30:10,880
Speaker 1: And this is a big thing with like a particularly

592
00:30:10,880 --> 00:30:13,480
Speaker 1: anarchist in Spain. They burn a lot of churches down,

593
00:30:13,480 --> 00:30:16,440
Speaker 1: and they kill a lot of Catholic priests, um and

594
00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:18,840
Speaker 1: some of that, a lot of that is them murdering

595
00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:20,560
Speaker 1: people who didn't deserve it, and a lot of them

596
00:30:20,640 --> 00:30:22,320
Speaker 1: is that is them murdering people who did because the

597
00:30:22,320 --> 00:30:28,360
Speaker 1: Catholic Church is also terrible, like kind of why yeah,

598
00:30:29,520 --> 00:30:32,040
Speaker 1: if you're looking for like a pure good guy or

599
00:30:32,080 --> 00:30:34,360
Speaker 1: a peer victim, you will rarely find it in this

600
00:30:34,520 --> 00:30:37,080
Speaker 1: Like there are right like obviously I'm not saying like

601
00:30:37,080 --> 00:30:40,080
Speaker 1: like there's nuns and ship they get murdered. That's not chill.

602
00:30:40,440 --> 00:30:43,160
Speaker 1: The Catholic Church is also responsible for horrible repression. It's

603
00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:46,200
Speaker 1: very messy. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, they're yeah, they

604
00:30:46,440 --> 00:30:51,200
Speaker 1: you know, they have their own you know, both versions

605
00:30:51,240 --> 00:30:55,120
Speaker 1: of like bastard episode of like the like the Good

606
00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:57,880
Speaker 1: Christmas one that's like, oh we Indian North vantages. You know,

607
00:30:57,880 --> 00:31:00,720
Speaker 1: I'm saying it's like, oh, that's actually great, you know. Yeah,

608
00:31:00,840 --> 00:31:04,040
Speaker 1: and there's then there's this, and the Catholic Church is

609
00:31:04,080 --> 00:31:06,040
Speaker 1: so big because you can also you could obviously we

610
00:31:06,040 --> 00:31:08,160
Speaker 1: could do multiple episodes and we probably will at some

611
00:31:08,200 --> 00:31:11,160
Speaker 1: point about the massive and pervasive sexual abuse of children

612
00:31:11,360 --> 00:31:14,040
Speaker 1: that was enabled by the Catholic Church. We could could

613
00:31:14,080 --> 00:31:17,480
Speaker 1: and should also do a Christmas episode on the significant

614
00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:20,080
Speaker 1: number of priests and nuns in Latin America who were

615
00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:23,480
Speaker 1: like dogged and constant enemies of US imperialism and writing

616
00:31:23,560 --> 00:31:26,560
Speaker 1: extremism during like the period when the US was doing

617
00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:29,560
Speaker 1: most of its fucking around Latin America. All of that's

618
00:31:29,600 --> 00:31:32,160
Speaker 1: part of the Church's history of that. Like a couple

619
00:31:32,160 --> 00:31:35,720
Speaker 1: of our hospital bids are actually Catholic. Yeah, yeah, there's

620
00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:39,600
Speaker 1: like weird mixed yeah. I I'm not a person who

621
00:31:39,640 --> 00:31:42,200
Speaker 1: wants to like simplify all this. It's very messy, and

622
00:31:42,640 --> 00:31:46,480
Speaker 1: this is a messy episode mess by this point, when

623
00:31:46,480 --> 00:31:49,880
Speaker 1: you've got these anarcho syndicalists organizing and like and and

624
00:31:49,960 --> 00:31:51,880
Speaker 1: in some cases carrying out not all of them, but

625
00:31:51,920 --> 00:31:54,480
Speaker 1: some of them carrying out terrorist attacks, and some of

626
00:31:54,480 --> 00:31:56,320
Speaker 1: those attacks are on shitty people, and some of those

627
00:31:56,320 --> 00:31:58,120
Speaker 1: attacks are on people who don't deserve it, like it's

628
00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:01,120
Speaker 1: very messy. And at the same period of time, you've

629
00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:04,000
Speaker 1: got Gabrielle de Nunzio in Italy occupying well, I guess,

630
00:32:04,040 --> 00:32:06,480
Speaker 1: in Yugoslavia occupying the city of Fume. And you've got

631
00:32:06,600 --> 00:32:09,560
Speaker 1: Mussolini in the early stages of forming his black Shirts

632
00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:12,160
Speaker 1: and sicking them on left wing newspapers. This is happening

633
00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:15,040
Speaker 1: contemporaneously to that. You're gonna to like, you're gonna have

634
00:32:15,080 --> 00:32:20,000
Speaker 1: to release with this one a vocabulary list. You introduced,

635
00:32:20,040 --> 00:32:22,680
Speaker 1: some new names, some new words. We talked about de

636
00:32:22,760 --> 00:32:24,880
Speaker 1: Nunzio and few and I'm not talking about him. I'm

637
00:32:24,920 --> 00:32:28,400
Speaker 1: talking about the different factions in Spain. Yeah, you said,

638
00:32:28,720 --> 00:32:32,960
Speaker 1: you said a narco syndicalism. Yeah, anarco. You know what

639
00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:38,160
Speaker 1: I'm saying, darn O claydo master this bug. Anarcho syndicalists.

640
00:32:38,440 --> 00:32:42,440
Speaker 1: The basic idea is that workers need workers who work

641
00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:45,440
Speaker 1: for like different factories or whatever, who work and farms

642
00:32:45,760 --> 00:32:49,040
Speaker 1: even need to form syndicates together, to organize kind of

643
00:32:49,040 --> 00:32:52,600
Speaker 1: like unions, to organize and have syndicates that work together

644
00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:56,120
Speaker 1: against the state and against capital in order to in

645
00:32:56,200 --> 00:32:58,920
Speaker 1: some cases just gain better wages for workers in some

646
00:32:58,960 --> 00:33:01,160
Speaker 1: cases in order to old against the system. But like

647
00:33:01,200 --> 00:33:04,520
Speaker 1: it's this idea that different groups of workers need to

648
00:33:04,640 --> 00:33:07,560
Speaker 1: organize themselves and then work with other organizations of workers

649
00:33:07,840 --> 00:33:10,479
Speaker 1: rather than having bosses in a strict hierarchy. And they

650
00:33:10,560 --> 00:33:16,680
Speaker 1: totally need to sell drugs. That's why they call a narcos. Yeah.

651
00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:18,959
Speaker 1: The good thing about this period is that drugs are

652
00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:23,200
Speaker 1: all legal everywhere. Um. So by this point, like I said,

653
00:33:23,200 --> 00:33:25,720
Speaker 1: de Nunzio is occupying Fume and Mussolini's in the early

654
00:33:25,760 --> 00:33:28,520
Speaker 1: stages of like forming the black Shirts, Fascism is getting

655
00:33:28,520 --> 00:33:32,040
Speaker 1: started in Italy um. And in Spain, though anarchists are

656
00:33:32,040 --> 00:33:34,560
Speaker 1: by far the largest and best organized group of political

657
00:33:34,640 --> 00:33:37,280
Speaker 1: radicals in the country, the communists aren't really a big factor,

658
00:33:37,480 --> 00:33:39,520
Speaker 1: and the right wing isn't really a big factor. It's

659
00:33:39,520 --> 00:33:41,560
Speaker 1: just kind of the anarchist fighting the government a lot

660
00:33:41,560 --> 00:33:43,800
Speaker 1: of the time, and the Catholic Church, you know, is

661
00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:47,000
Speaker 1: kind of a lot of their like supporters are kind

662
00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:49,360
Speaker 1: of taking the part of right wing organizing, but the

663
00:33:49,360 --> 00:33:51,440
Speaker 1: car List wars kind of drained them, so it's not

664
00:33:51,480 --> 00:33:53,960
Speaker 1: a big deal there. Um, And this is not really

665
00:33:53,960 --> 00:33:55,760
Speaker 1: the case anywhere else that you could think of it,

666
00:33:55,760 --> 00:33:58,640
Speaker 1: It's part of why I find Spain so interesting. Fascism,

667
00:33:58,680 --> 00:34:01,000
Speaker 1: by contrast, had a much slow were time starting off

668
00:34:01,040 --> 00:34:04,840
Speaker 1: in Spain. Portugal actually beat Spain to the punch when

669
00:34:04,840 --> 00:34:07,680
Speaker 1: it came to like having fascists um. And it was

670
00:34:07,720 --> 00:34:11,840
Speaker 1: because a proto nationalist group called Nationalismo Lusitano was formed

671
00:34:11,840 --> 00:34:14,240
Speaker 1: in Lisbon in nineteen twenty three, and it was directly

672
00:34:14,280 --> 00:34:17,640
Speaker 1: inspired by Mussolini's Italian fascism. Now a number of other

673
00:34:17,719 --> 00:34:20,360
Speaker 1: Mussolini want to be sprang up in Europe during this period.

674
00:34:20,560 --> 00:34:22,040
Speaker 1: You could even call Hitler at the time of the

675
00:34:22,040 --> 00:34:25,600
Speaker 1: Beer Hall Putsch kind of like a Mussolini imitator um.

676
00:34:25,640 --> 00:34:28,839
Speaker 1: But the idea didn't really catch on in Spain, not yet. Uh.

677
00:34:28,840 --> 00:34:32,920
Speaker 1: Spanish intellectuals were, however, watching Vincent Italy, and one of them,

678
00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:36,120
Speaker 1: a guy named Fla, suggested that this new political system

679
00:34:36,200 --> 00:34:39,440
Speaker 1: might just be the thing to help rebuild Spain's failing empire.

680
00:34:39,719 --> 00:34:42,600
Speaker 1: He wrote a Fascism as a social movement. It gave

681
00:34:42,680 --> 00:34:45,840
Speaker 1: voice to a vein of mysticism and idealism that exalted

682
00:34:45,880 --> 00:34:48,719
Speaker 1: the concept of the patria and its full realization the

683
00:34:48,719 --> 00:34:53,680
Speaker 1: concept of the fatherland. Yeah. Coffee shop in Compton. Yeah,

684
00:34:54,680 --> 00:34:58,080
Speaker 1: with some troubling. Yeah. So the name of the game

685
00:34:58,120 --> 00:35:02,160
Speaker 1: for FUA was national restoration. But Mussolini's fun idea was

686
00:35:02,200 --> 00:35:04,880
Speaker 1: popular outside of right wing circles too. There was actually

687
00:35:04,880 --> 00:35:07,720
Speaker 1: a left wing cattle and separatist movement that found themselves

688
00:35:07,800 --> 00:35:11,920
Speaker 1: drawn to Italian fascism, particularly it's emphasis on militia based

689
00:35:11,960 --> 00:35:15,720
Speaker 1: direct action. And they weren't fascists. They didn't embrace, for example,

690
00:35:15,800 --> 00:35:18,719
Speaker 1: Mussolini's doctrine of therapeutic violence, you know, the cult of

691
00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:22,239
Speaker 1: violence for violence's sake. Um. They just liked, number one,

692
00:35:22,280 --> 00:35:25,000
Speaker 1: the imagery of this non state group of armed people

693
00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:27,799
Speaker 1: marching in order to take power for themselves, and they

694
00:35:27,840 --> 00:35:29,839
Speaker 1: wanted to do that. So, like the left is when

695
00:35:29,840 --> 00:35:32,120
Speaker 1: we talked about this in our first episode, a lot

696
00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:34,839
Speaker 1: of folks who are just kind of hate the system

697
00:35:35,040 --> 00:35:37,759
Speaker 1: play with both fascist and anarchists and left and right

698
00:35:37,760 --> 00:35:41,560
Speaker 1: wing ideas throughout this period of time. Um. Also, I

699
00:35:41,640 --> 00:35:43,560
Speaker 1: like that you brought up Portugal because I feel like

700
00:35:43,600 --> 00:35:46,560
Speaker 1: they always fly on it a radar. They do. They

701
00:35:46,640 --> 00:35:49,160
Speaker 1: just everybody just not notice and they could just exist

702
00:35:49,239 --> 00:35:51,279
Speaker 1: in the shadows. They was the first in Africa, you

703
00:35:51,280 --> 00:35:53,759
Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. So yeah, like nobody like how

704
00:35:53,760 --> 00:35:56,920
Speaker 1: do why I talk about portable? And they're also the

705
00:35:56,960 --> 00:36:00,160
Speaker 1: case of a country that was incredibly powerful and want

706
00:36:00,160 --> 00:36:02,200
Speaker 1: I is to funckload of the world and then collapsed

707
00:36:02,200 --> 00:36:04,600
Speaker 1: before the rest of colonialism did. And you see the

708
00:36:04,640 --> 00:36:07,359
Speaker 1: same thing happened in Portugal where all these authoritarians start

709
00:36:07,440 --> 00:36:09,319
Speaker 1: coming into power because there's the sense of like, we

710
00:36:09,360 --> 00:36:12,120
Speaker 1: need a strong man. And this is like intellectuals in

711
00:36:12,120 --> 00:36:13,760
Speaker 1: Spain will be like, we have to or in Portugal

712
00:36:13,760 --> 00:36:16,080
Speaker 1: will be like, we can't have a republic for a while.

713
00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:18,839
Speaker 1: We have to have basically a dictator come in because

714
00:36:18,840 --> 00:36:21,160
Speaker 1: he needs to fix everything. Like we have all these problems,

715
00:36:21,160 --> 00:36:23,680
Speaker 1: we can't argue we just need one visionary to come

716
00:36:24,520 --> 00:36:27,120
Speaker 1: And it's not quite fascism, but it's it has a

717
00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:30,160
Speaker 1: lot of elements of that, right, So um, Robert, can

718
00:36:30,160 --> 00:36:32,480
Speaker 1: you hit ad Rick real quick? You know what else

719
00:36:32,560 --> 00:36:43,600
Speaker 1: has elements of fascism? Sophie no nois aspects. Yeah, here's

720
00:36:50,120 --> 00:36:53,279
Speaker 1: conquer your New Year's resolution to be more productive with

721
00:36:53,360 --> 00:36:57,280
Speaker 1: the Before Breakfast podcast and each bite sized daily episode

722
00:36:57,400 --> 00:37:01,440
Speaker 1: Time Management and Productivity Expert, where a vandercam teaches you

723
00:37:01,480 --> 00:37:03,600
Speaker 1: how to make the most of your time both at

724
00:37:03,640 --> 00:37:07,000
Speaker 1: work and at home. These are the practical suggestions you

725
00:37:07,040 --> 00:37:09,799
Speaker 1: need to get more done with your day. Just as

726
00:37:09,800 --> 00:37:12,920
Speaker 1: lifting weights keeps our body strong as we age, learning

727
00:37:12,920 --> 00:37:16,440
Speaker 1: new skills is the mental equivalent of pumping iron. Listen

728
00:37:16,480 --> 00:37:21,400
Speaker 1: to before Breakfast wherever you get your podcasts. Adoption of

729
00:37:21,440 --> 00:37:23,960
Speaker 1: teams from foster care is a topic not enough people

730
00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:26,880
Speaker 1: know about, and we're here to change that. I'm April Dinuity,

731
00:37:26,960 --> 00:37:30,520
Speaker 1: host of the new podcast Navigating Adoption, presented by adopt

732
00:37:30,600 --> 00:37:34,320
Speaker 1: Us Kids. Each episode brings you compelling, real life adoption

733
00:37:34,400 --> 00:37:36,920
Speaker 1: stories told by the families that lived them, with commentary

734
00:37:36,960 --> 00:37:41,040
Speaker 1: from experts. Visit adopt us Kids dot org, slash podcast,

735
00:37:41,160 --> 00:37:44,560
Speaker 1: or subscribe to Navigating Adoption presented by adopt Us Kids,

736
00:37:44,719 --> 00:37:46,480
Speaker 1: brought to you by the U S Department of Health,

737
00:37:46,480 --> 00:37:49,319
Speaker 1: that Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, and the

738
00:37:49,360 --> 00:37:52,439
Speaker 1: ACT Council. Hello, and welcome to our show. I'm Zoi

739
00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:54,680
Speaker 1: de Channel, and I'm so excited to be joined by

740
00:37:54,680 --> 00:37:57,279
Speaker 1: my friends and cast mates Hannah Simone and Lamar and

741
00:37:57,320 --> 00:38:01,160
Speaker 1: Morris to recap our hit television series New Girl. Join

742
00:38:01,280 --> 00:38:03,800
Speaker 1: us every Monday on the Welcome to Our Show podcast,

743
00:38:03,880 --> 00:38:06,440
Speaker 1: where we'll share behind the scenes stories of your favorite

744
00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:09,399
Speaker 1: New Girl episodes, reveal the truth behind the legendary game

745
00:38:09,440 --> 00:38:12,799
Speaker 1: True American, and discuss how this show got made with

746
00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:15,480
Speaker 1: the writers, guest stars, and directors who made the show

747
00:38:15,520 --> 00:38:18,000
Speaker 1: so special. Fans have been begging us to do a

748
00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:20,719
Speaker 1: New Girl recap for years, and we finally made a

749
00:38:20,760 --> 00:38:24,520
Speaker 1: podcast where we answer all your burning questions like is

750
00:38:24,520 --> 00:38:27,399
Speaker 1: there really a bear? In every episode of New Girl.

751
00:38:27,800 --> 00:38:31,719
Speaker 1: Plus each week you'll hear hilarious stories like this at

752
00:38:31,719 --> 00:38:33,600
Speaker 1: the end when he says you got some schmid on

753
00:38:33,600 --> 00:38:36,520
Speaker 1: your face. I feel like I pitched that joke. I

754
00:38:36,520 --> 00:38:38,239
Speaker 1: believe that. I feel like I did. I'm not on

755
00:38:38,280 --> 00:38:40,200
Speaker 1: a thousand percent. I want to say that was I

756
00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:42,719
Speaker 1: tossed that one out. Listen to the Welcome to Our

757
00:38:42,760 --> 00:38:46,040
Speaker 1: Show podcast on the I Heart Radio app, Apple podcast,

758
00:38:46,239 --> 00:38:52,800
Speaker 1: or wherever you get your podcasts. We're back, We're back

759
00:38:52,800 --> 00:38:56,440
Speaker 1: from sorry. If by strong man you mean a strong

760
00:38:56,520 --> 00:39:00,839
Speaker 1: Sophie that keeps us in and placed in, yes, these

761
00:39:00,880 --> 00:39:04,640
Speaker 1: ads have elements of fascism, but it's a good fascism.

762
00:39:04,680 --> 00:39:10,279
Speaker 1: It's a fast it's a fast ship, fashion fashion, fashionist,

763
00:39:10,440 --> 00:39:17,520
Speaker 1: which is fine. Fine, it's fine, it's fine, and we

764
00:39:17,520 --> 00:39:22,359
Speaker 1: we appreciate our podcast Dictators, So our podcast rules with

765
00:39:22,440 --> 00:39:26,600
Speaker 1: an iron fist. Uh. It does operate a system of

766
00:39:26,800 --> 00:39:30,080
Speaker 1: political re education camps, but that is a story for

767
00:39:30,120 --> 00:39:34,919
Speaker 1: another episode. So in late nine, Spain gained its first

768
00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:38,920
Speaker 1: real fascist party, the Tresistas. They wore a blue uniform

769
00:39:38,920 --> 00:39:41,640
Speaker 1: because blue is the color of the working class for

770
00:39:41,680 --> 00:39:43,800
Speaker 1: the right wing red as the colors the working class

771
00:39:43,840 --> 00:39:45,680
Speaker 1: for the left wing right. Like, I know, I know,

772
00:39:45,800 --> 00:39:48,960
Speaker 1: it's yeah. Uh, and we got it backwards here, which

773
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:52,680
Speaker 1: is weird, right. Um. Yeah, they wore a blue uniform

774
00:39:52,760 --> 00:39:54,560
Speaker 1: and they hope to spread throughout the country. But the

775
00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:57,680
Speaker 1: organization fizzle. There just wasn't any real interest in fascism

776
00:39:57,680 --> 00:40:01,440
Speaker 1: in Spain in this period. Now, while political fascism failed

777
00:40:01,440 --> 00:40:04,719
Speaker 1: to gain meaningful purchase in Spain, during this time, fascist

778
00:40:04,719 --> 00:40:07,759
Speaker 1: thought and inclinations were spreading among a lot of influential

779
00:40:07,800 --> 00:40:12,640
Speaker 1: Spanish thought leaders and particularly within the military and military officers.

780
00:40:13,120 --> 00:40:14,520
Speaker 1: Much of this had to do with the rise of

781
00:40:14,560 --> 00:40:17,360
Speaker 1: the revolutionary left in the eighteen nineties, these anarchists that

782
00:40:17,400 --> 00:40:20,800
Speaker 1: I was talking about. In his landmark book Fascism in Spain,

783
00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:24,080
Speaker 1: scholar Stanley Pain notes that the military resistance to the

784
00:40:24,160 --> 00:40:26,440
Speaker 1: left had less to do with politics than you might expect.

785
00:40:26,800 --> 00:40:30,680
Speaker 1: Officers largely accepted moderate left wing social and economic aims,

786
00:40:30,800 --> 00:40:33,200
Speaker 1: and there was even a strong strain of anti capitalist

787
00:40:33,200 --> 00:40:37,239
Speaker 1: thought among Spanish military leaders. Despite this, pain rights army

788
00:40:37,320 --> 00:40:41,520
Speaker 1: officers demanded suppression of the left, disorder, violence and subversion

789
00:40:41,520 --> 00:40:47,160
Speaker 1: of national unity. Again, it's this The military's big problem

790
00:40:47,200 --> 00:40:49,080
Speaker 1: with the left is they're disordered right there, trying to

791
00:40:49,120 --> 00:40:51,680
Speaker 1: tear down this system, and we're we're doing pretty well

792
00:40:51,719 --> 00:40:53,400
Speaker 1: in this system. And it's the thing that is always

793
00:40:53,440 --> 00:40:58,640
Speaker 1: the case, right um. The military itself was also heavily

794
00:40:58,640 --> 00:41:01,400
Speaker 1: divided in this time, not a political lines, but between

795
00:41:01,400 --> 00:41:05,319
Speaker 1: bureaucratic officers on the peninsula itself and combat officers who

796
00:41:05,360 --> 00:41:10,120
Speaker 1: had spent time fighting in Spain's last colonial possession, Northern Morocco. So,

797
00:41:10,160 --> 00:41:12,960
Speaker 1: Spain's most of its empires has collapsed right now, but

798
00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:16,760
Speaker 1: they have Northern Morocco, and Spain had gotten Morocco basically

799
00:41:16,840 --> 00:41:19,040
Speaker 1: during the last stages of the scramble for Africa, and

800
00:41:19,040 --> 00:41:21,680
Speaker 1: it was it was given to them by France and England,

801
00:41:21,680 --> 00:41:24,200
Speaker 1: who you might notice don't have the right to give

802
00:41:24,280 --> 00:41:28,279
Speaker 1: Morocco to any but they did, and it was due

803
00:41:28,360 --> 00:41:30,920
Speaker 1: to like diplomatic support that Spain gave them, Like it

804
00:41:31,000 --> 00:41:33,319
Speaker 1: was literally like it was them the way that like

805
00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:35,600
Speaker 1: a normal person be like, hey man, i'll help you

806
00:41:35,719 --> 00:41:38,280
Speaker 1: move if you help me set up my sound system

807
00:41:38,320 --> 00:41:42,279
Speaker 1: this week. Like that's how Spain got Morocco. It's very yeah,

808
00:41:42,360 --> 00:41:44,600
Speaker 1: it's you know, it's it's a bullshit. It's also a

809
00:41:44,680 --> 00:41:50,359
Speaker 1: beautiful country, gorgeous yeah. Um. Now, so they were given

810
00:41:50,360 --> 00:41:52,360
Speaker 1: the right to occupy the land by France and England

811
00:41:52,360 --> 00:41:54,600
Speaker 1: and nineteen o six and exchange for diplomatic support. And

812
00:41:54,640 --> 00:41:57,080
Speaker 1: Spain's conquest of Morocco was kind of like the first

813
00:41:57,080 --> 00:42:00,239
Speaker 1: one night stand you have after a breakup. They just

814
00:42:00,320 --> 00:42:03,440
Speaker 1: had like a big you know, they needed something to

815
00:42:03,440 --> 00:42:07,480
Speaker 1: boost their confidence after losing to the United States. UM

816
00:42:07,560 --> 00:42:10,680
Speaker 1: and Spain turned out to be pretty bad at conquering Morocco.

817
00:42:11,080 --> 00:42:14,280
Speaker 1: Their control never amounted to much more than a few towns, cities,

818
00:42:14,280 --> 00:42:16,799
Speaker 1: and roads on the coast. Much of the territory and

819
00:42:16,880 --> 00:42:19,960
Speaker 1: its people refused to yield, and in nineteen one, a

820
00:42:20,080 --> 00:42:24,120
Speaker 1: charismatic Moroccan leader named Abdul Kareem rose an army and

821
00:42:24,200 --> 00:42:27,760
Speaker 1: launched what became known as the Riffy Insurrection. For a time,

822
00:42:27,840 --> 00:42:31,080
Speaker 1: it was the strongest rebellion against colonialism anywhere in the

823
00:42:31,120 --> 00:42:35,040
Speaker 1: Afro Asian world. Like, these guys actually do great um

824
00:42:35,120 --> 00:42:38,320
Speaker 1: for a while, you know, uh. Now, the war attracted

825
00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:41,759
Speaker 1: ambitious young Spanish officers eager to make a name for themselves.

826
00:42:42,080 --> 00:42:44,840
Speaker 1: One of these guys was a fellow named Francisco Franco,

827
00:42:44,960 --> 00:42:48,640
Speaker 1: who rose to the rank of colonel fighting the insurgents. Now,

828
00:42:48,840 --> 00:42:51,600
Speaker 1: Francisco and a lot of young officers were very frustrated

829
00:42:51,600 --> 00:42:54,040
Speaker 1: by the corrupt and bureaucratic nature of the military, which

830
00:42:54,080 --> 00:42:57,280
Speaker 1: had not seen a major reorganization or modernization in decades.

831
00:42:57,480 --> 00:42:58,600
Speaker 1: It was a lot in a lot of ways like

832
00:42:58,640 --> 00:43:01,920
Speaker 1: an Napoleonic army with somewhat better guns, which is why

833
00:43:01,920 --> 00:43:04,000
Speaker 1: part of the way they're getting their asses kicked now.

834
00:43:04,080 --> 00:43:07,120
Speaker 1: Franco and a number of other officers formed military councils

835
00:43:07,120 --> 00:43:09,960
Speaker 1: of like minded officers and lobbied for reforms, and some

836
00:43:10,040 --> 00:43:12,800
Speaker 1: of those reforms were successful, but nothing they did was

837
00:43:12,920 --> 00:43:16,120
Speaker 1: enough to write the inertia. In early nineteen one, the

838
00:43:16,160 --> 00:43:19,319
Speaker 1: Spanish army launched an offensive into northern Morocco from the

839
00:43:19,320 --> 00:43:22,439
Speaker 1: coastal territories they held. Now, because the people in charge

840
00:43:22,440 --> 00:43:25,560
Speaker 1: were idiots, they didn't properly prepare lines of communication, and

841
00:43:25,600 --> 00:43:29,560
Speaker 1: they almost immediately advanced beyond their supply lines. No defensible

842
00:43:29,600 --> 00:43:32,200
Speaker 1: forts were left behind to secure supply routes or water,

843
00:43:32,600 --> 00:43:35,320
Speaker 1: and on July twenty, after five days of skirmish is,

844
00:43:35,360 --> 00:43:37,920
Speaker 1: a force of five thousand Spanish troops were attacked by

845
00:43:37,960 --> 00:43:40,920
Speaker 1: three thousand riff fighters. This should have been an easy

846
00:43:40,960 --> 00:43:43,919
Speaker 1: win for a European military, but the Spanish had poor

847
00:43:44,040 --> 00:43:46,600
Speaker 1: organization and we're basically out of AMMO because they'd outrun

848
00:43:46,640 --> 00:43:50,520
Speaker 1: their supply lines. So the Riffs, the riffy like overrun

849
00:43:50,719 --> 00:43:54,120
Speaker 1: the Spanish army and they advanced like several hundred miles,

850
00:43:54,120 --> 00:43:57,759
Speaker 1: slaughtering Spanish soldiers, taking over supply depots and positions as

851
00:43:57,800 --> 00:44:01,759
Speaker 1: they go. The Spanish army shot entirely. They lose more

852
00:44:01,760 --> 00:44:04,520
Speaker 1: than thirteen thousand men wounded in a matter of days,

853
00:44:04,719 --> 00:44:07,640
Speaker 1: and the Riffs suffer around eight hundred casualties. This is

854
00:44:07,719 --> 00:44:10,880
Speaker 1: like a like one of the worst defeats suffered by

855
00:44:10,920 --> 00:44:13,600
Speaker 1: any colonial power in Africa. It is they get their

856
00:44:13,680 --> 00:44:19,879
Speaker 1: assets handed to m hmm. The defeat was so extensive

857
00:44:19,920 --> 00:44:23,000
Speaker 1: and so shameful that the Spanish general committed suicide in

858
00:44:23,040 --> 00:44:26,080
Speaker 1: the field and his remains were never found. Um, like

859
00:44:26,120 --> 00:44:30,279
Speaker 1: it is they it is yeah, and the riff. This

860
00:44:30,320 --> 00:44:32,640
Speaker 1: whole instruction is fascinating to read about because like these

861
00:44:32,680 --> 00:44:36,480
Speaker 1: guys fucking have it on lockdown, you know. Um, it

862
00:44:36,600 --> 00:44:39,080
Speaker 1: is hard to imagine how shattering this was to the

863
00:44:39,080 --> 00:44:41,520
Speaker 1: people of Spain and their image of themselves, and how

864
00:44:41,600 --> 00:44:45,680
Speaker 1: much it disrupted Spanish politics. The military was, of course enraged,

865
00:44:45,719 --> 00:44:48,319
Speaker 1: and even though the failures were entirely their own, they

866
00:44:48,360 --> 00:44:50,840
Speaker 1: blame their failures on the support of the civilian government.

867
00:44:50,840 --> 00:45:00,640
Speaker 1: It's y'all's fault. Well, we're bad at war. Yeah, Well

868
00:45:01,480 --> 00:45:04,239
Speaker 1: I didn't lose this war. Yeah, yeah, I mean you

869
00:45:04,280 --> 00:45:05,719
Speaker 1: see it on the right here where it's like it

870
00:45:05,760 --> 00:45:07,759
Speaker 1: was the liberals and like the left that lost us

871
00:45:07,760 --> 00:45:10,120
Speaker 1: the wars and no, you were we suck at this.

872
00:45:10,200 --> 00:45:14,080
Speaker 1: We're bad at it. Look make it okay. We're bad

873
00:45:14,120 --> 00:45:16,520
Speaker 1: at it and it's bad it was you shouldn't have

874
00:45:16,520 --> 00:45:20,000
Speaker 1: been at the first place. Yeah, if we fucking stopped

875
00:45:20,000 --> 00:45:22,640
Speaker 1: this ship in like I don't know, nineteen forty five,

876
00:45:22,719 --> 00:45:24,399
Speaker 1: we'd still be like, you know, what we're good at

877
00:45:24,680 --> 00:45:27,160
Speaker 1: is war. Don't have to do it often, you're good

878
00:45:27,200 --> 00:45:36,000
Speaker 1: at it. We saw uh now again, Yeah, it really

879
00:45:36,120 --> 00:45:38,719
Speaker 1: fox up a lot in Spain at this period of time.

880
00:45:39,200 --> 00:45:42,440
Speaker 1: Um and obviously the Liberal government is also enraged, largely

881
00:45:42,440 --> 00:45:44,560
Speaker 1: at the cost in Spanish life and treasure in this

882
00:45:44,600 --> 00:45:49,080
Speaker 1: colonial adventure. And in early September ninety three Liberal ministers

883
00:45:49,120 --> 00:45:51,840
Speaker 1: resign in protests because the military draws up plans for

884
00:45:51,920 --> 00:45:54,840
Speaker 1: a new offensive and Morocco and they're like, come on, guys,

885
00:45:54,960 --> 00:45:59,480
Speaker 1: like you just got your asses kicked. This isn't terrible fellas.

886
00:46:00,920 --> 00:46:10,799
Speaker 1: He can not take the message. It's bad, bad catalysts

887
00:46:10,840 --> 00:46:12,640
Speaker 1: who didn't even really want to be part of Spain,

888
00:46:12,760 --> 00:46:15,440
Speaker 1: let alone send their sons to die and fucking Morocco.

889
00:46:15,560 --> 00:46:18,680
Speaker 1: For Spain held a huge rally in Barcelona where the

890
00:46:18,680 --> 00:46:22,560
Speaker 1: Spanish flag was dragged through the ground. This really pisses

891
00:46:22,600 --> 00:46:24,719
Speaker 1: off the military, and it pisses off a bunch of

892
00:46:24,760 --> 00:46:28,279
Speaker 1: senior generals, most prominently a career military man from a

893
00:46:28,320 --> 00:46:32,719
Speaker 1: career military family named Miguel Primo de Rivera, now as

894
00:46:32,760 --> 00:46:35,360
Speaker 1: the Captain General of Barcelona, the guy in charge of

895
00:46:35,360 --> 00:46:38,280
Speaker 1: the military in Barcelona. De Rivera was a desk officer,

896
00:46:38,400 --> 00:46:40,600
Speaker 1: not an African veteran, and that's kind of like the

897
00:46:41,320 --> 00:46:45,040
Speaker 1: break between the army. But he sides with the African veterans,

898
00:46:45,040 --> 00:46:47,520
Speaker 1: and he sees this liberal government as having failed his

899
00:46:47,560 --> 00:46:51,440
Speaker 1: illustrious Spanish army. He also had seen Mussolini's March on

900
00:46:51,560 --> 00:46:54,160
Speaker 1: Rome in ninety two, and while he is not a fascist,

901
00:46:54,640 --> 00:46:57,960
Speaker 1: he really likes Mussolini, and the BArch on Rome convinces

902
00:46:58,040 --> 00:47:00,239
Speaker 1: him that with the army behind him, he could force

903
00:47:00,280 --> 00:47:02,839
Speaker 1: an into the parliamentary politics that he that felt were

904
00:47:02,880 --> 00:47:05,440
Speaker 1: holding the military back. And I'm gonna quote now from

905
00:47:05,440 --> 00:47:09,360
Speaker 1: a book called Fascism in Spain about like this revolt

906
00:47:09,360 --> 00:47:12,480
Speaker 1: that de Rivera leads. The revolt began in Barcelona as

907
00:47:12,480 --> 00:47:16,560
Speaker 1: a classic pronounca miento, I'm sorry, space um, with a

908
00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:19,440
Speaker 1: local takeover in the Catalan capital by its captain general,

909
00:47:19,440 --> 00:47:21,279
Speaker 1: who called upon the rest of the army and other

910
00:47:21,320 --> 00:47:24,400
Speaker 1: patriotic Spaniards to rally round. In fact, also in the

911
00:47:24,400 --> 00:47:26,960
Speaker 1: traditional style, all but one of the other captains general

912
00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:29,960
Speaker 1: at first sat on their fence. The pronunca miento h

913
00:47:30,600 --> 00:47:33,439
Speaker 1: succeeded above all because the Liberal government did almost nothing

914
00:47:33,440 --> 00:47:36,239
Speaker 1: to defend itself. The issue was finally decided two days

915
00:47:36,320 --> 00:47:39,360
Speaker 1: later by the crown as Alfonso the Eight, without invoking

916
00:47:39,400 --> 00:47:42,839
Speaker 1: constitutional limits or procedures transferred power to what would become

917
00:47:42,880 --> 00:47:46,600
Speaker 1: the first direct military dictatorship in Spanish history. Primo de

918
00:47:46,760 --> 00:47:49,600
Speaker 1: Rivera gave no evidence of any explicit theory or plan.

919
00:47:49,920 --> 00:47:52,239
Speaker 1: His assumption of power was at first predicated on a

920
00:47:52,320 --> 00:47:55,920
Speaker 1: ninety day emergency military directory to deal with such problems

921
00:47:55,960 --> 00:48:00,080
Speaker 1: as attempted subversion, the stalemate, and Morocco administrative corruption and

922
00:48:00,120 --> 00:48:05,280
Speaker 1: political reform. In fact, his only professed ideology was constitutional liberalism.

923
00:48:05,360 --> 00:48:08,240
Speaker 1: He insisted that the Constitution of eighteen seventy six remained

924
00:48:08,239 --> 00:48:10,359
Speaker 1: the law of the land, and initially denied that he

925
00:48:10,400 --> 00:48:13,200
Speaker 1: was a dictator in any genuine sense, insisting in his

926
00:48:13,239 --> 00:48:16,440
Speaker 1: first public statement, no one can with justice apply that

927
00:48:16,520 --> 00:48:19,879
Speaker 1: term to me. Of course everyone since has called him

928
00:48:19,880 --> 00:48:24,280
Speaker 1: a dictator. Yeah, the years of yeah, what is it about?

929
00:48:24,880 --> 00:48:28,280
Speaker 1: I have two questions about this, Like I forget what figure,

930
00:48:28,320 --> 00:48:29,920
Speaker 1: what what history? And I heard to say it, but

931
00:48:29,960 --> 00:48:34,000
Speaker 1: he was just talking about like just generals, like they

932
00:48:34,040 --> 00:48:37,440
Speaker 1: all kind of have this like diva gene, like just

933
00:48:37,440 --> 00:48:39,480
Speaker 1: just kind of Diva's you know what I'm saying, Like

934
00:48:40,000 --> 00:48:42,759
Speaker 1: it's kind of hard to like what is that? So

935
00:48:42,880 --> 00:48:46,080
Speaker 1: that's like my first thing. It's very deep in in

936
00:48:46,160 --> 00:48:49,960
Speaker 1: Western civilization particularly right, Like you have to look back

937
00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:51,960
Speaker 1: to Rome at this stuff. So the way generals in

938
00:48:52,080 --> 00:48:54,759
Speaker 1: Rome were treated. Number one, if you were general in

939
00:48:54,880 --> 00:48:58,120
Speaker 1: Rome and you had a major military victory, the Senate

940
00:48:58,120 --> 00:48:59,640
Speaker 1: would vote for you to have what was called a

941
00:48:59,719 --> 00:49:02,600
Speaker 1: try mp, which is where you were all but in

942
00:49:02,600 --> 00:49:04,560
Speaker 1: all but named king for a day of Rome, and

943
00:49:04,600 --> 00:49:07,560
Speaker 1: there was the whole city had this huge party for you,

944
00:49:07,800 --> 00:49:09,839
Speaker 1: and all of your trophies of war were dragged through

945
00:49:09,840 --> 00:49:13,400
Speaker 1: the streets and like, because you were so powerful and

946
00:49:13,440 --> 00:49:16,480
Speaker 1: so like basically worshiped that day. It was that one

947
00:49:16,520 --> 00:49:18,919
Speaker 1: guy's whole job to stand next to you the whole

948
00:49:18,920 --> 00:49:20,960
Speaker 1: time and throughout the day whisper to you you will

949
00:49:21,000 --> 00:49:23,000
Speaker 1: die at one point, like you're going to die someday.

950
00:49:23,280 --> 00:49:26,560
Speaker 1: Like that was like like that that, like, and Rome

951
00:49:26,680 --> 00:49:29,719
Speaker 1: constantly had civil wars that were the result of generals

952
00:49:29,760 --> 00:49:32,000
Speaker 1: taking their armies and taking power. It happened all of

953
00:49:32,040 --> 00:49:35,239
Speaker 1: the fucking time. It's why you got Caesar. It's why

954
00:49:35,239 --> 00:49:38,160
Speaker 1: it stopped being a republic. You know. One of the

955
00:49:38,200 --> 00:49:40,960
Speaker 1: reasons why the United States military is organized the way

956
00:49:41,000 --> 00:49:43,640
Speaker 1: it is and why there's such if you look at

957
00:49:43,640 --> 00:49:45,680
Speaker 1: like some of the ship the military was saying at

958
00:49:45,680 --> 00:49:47,239
Speaker 1: the end of Trump's time, like, why they had so

959
00:49:47,280 --> 00:49:49,360
Speaker 1: many statements about the military having no role in the

960
00:49:49,400 --> 00:49:52,279
Speaker 1: elections is because from the beginning the founders of this

961
00:49:52,320 --> 00:49:54,640
Speaker 1: country were like, that's going to be a problems. We're

962
00:49:54,640 --> 00:49:56,920
Speaker 1: gonna have military. That's gonna be And at first a

963
00:49:56,920 --> 00:49:58,680
Speaker 1: lot of them were like, we shouldn't have a military.

964
00:49:58,719 --> 00:50:00,640
Speaker 1: Why would you, like it always is a problem. Let's

965
00:50:00,640 --> 00:50:03,200
Speaker 1: just have a bunch of militias, you know, which there's

966
00:50:03,200 --> 00:50:07,960
Speaker 1: something to be said for that. M Yeah, anyway, but like, yeah, yeah,

967
00:50:08,000 --> 00:50:10,440
Speaker 1: they are Diva's Like, if you're going to take the

968
00:50:10,600 --> 00:50:12,839
Speaker 1: responsibility for the lives of tens of thousands of men

969
00:50:12,880 --> 00:50:15,040
Speaker 1: into your own personal control, you've got to be a

970
00:50:15,080 --> 00:50:20,000
Speaker 1: little bit of a diva. Yeah, it seemed like, yeah,

971
00:50:20,440 --> 00:50:23,759
Speaker 1: so obviously everyone today calls Primo de Rivera a dictatorship.

972
00:50:23,880 --> 00:50:26,480
Speaker 1: The years of his leadership are generally known in Spanish

973
00:50:26,520 --> 00:50:29,480
Speaker 1: history as la dictadura uh and this was met like

974
00:50:29,600 --> 00:50:32,080
Speaker 1: his his coming to power was met by a lot

975
00:50:32,120 --> 00:50:35,200
Speaker 1: less resistance than you might guess. Spain was exhausted by

976
00:50:35,280 --> 00:50:38,920
Speaker 1: years of political bickering, foreign policy setbacks, in economic frustration.

977
00:50:39,320 --> 00:50:42,439
Speaker 1: Several years earlier, political theorists in Portugal had talked about

978
00:50:42,480 --> 00:50:44,600
Speaker 1: the need to bring in a temporary dictator, what they

979
00:50:44,640 --> 00:50:48,680
Speaker 1: called an iron surgeon, to solve intractable problems. And Primo

980
00:50:48,760 --> 00:50:50,520
Speaker 1: de Rivere was one of a lot of strong men

981
00:50:50,560 --> 00:50:52,520
Speaker 1: who came to power throughout Europe in this period who

982
00:50:52,520 --> 00:50:56,040
Speaker 1: weren't fascists, although they often admired fascists and took some

983
00:50:56,120 --> 00:50:59,320
Speaker 1: ideas from them. Um. But de Rivera doesn't really have

984
00:50:59,320 --> 00:51:01,759
Speaker 1: an ideology. He's just wants to like fix things and

985
00:51:01,800 --> 00:51:03,960
Speaker 1: figures is enough of a narcissist that he's like, I

986
00:51:04,000 --> 00:51:06,719
Speaker 1: know how to do this. Um. And while dear Vera

987
00:51:06,760 --> 00:51:09,680
Speaker 1: wasn't a fascist, his brief reign would help further lay

988
00:51:09,719 --> 00:51:12,960
Speaker 1: the groundwork for fascism in Spain, and the war that

989
00:51:13,040 --> 00:51:15,760
Speaker 1: he brought to Morocco was in many ways a prelude

990
00:51:15,760 --> 00:51:18,680
Speaker 1: of fascist wars of extermination to come, only it was

991
00:51:18,719 --> 00:51:23,720
Speaker 1: waged with the help of his allies the French. Oh yeah,

992
00:51:24,880 --> 00:51:27,560
Speaker 1: after the Spanish army broke an annual which is that

993
00:51:27,600 --> 00:51:32,040
Speaker 1: big battle where they lose thirteen thousand dudes. The Abdel Kareem,

994
00:51:32,239 --> 00:51:34,920
Speaker 1: who was the guy in charge of the reef um

995
00:51:34,960 --> 00:51:37,160
Speaker 1: and his his his like, I don't know what you

996
00:51:37,200 --> 00:51:41,760
Speaker 1: wanna call them, I'll call them revolutionaries established a republic. Now, France,

997
00:51:41,840 --> 00:51:44,560
Speaker 1: who just fought a whole war, you know, World War One,

998
00:51:45,560 --> 00:51:48,759
Speaker 1: was the right of national self determination, and who were

999
00:51:48,800 --> 00:51:52,040
Speaker 1: a republic themselves, did not like that Abdel Kareem and

1000
00:51:52,080 --> 00:51:55,160
Speaker 1: his reriff had established a republican Morocco because they're afraid

1001
00:51:55,239 --> 00:51:56,919
Speaker 1: they own a bunch of Africa. They own a bunch

1002
00:51:56,920 --> 00:52:00,600
Speaker 1: of Africa near Morocco. People are going to hear that

1003
00:52:00,640 --> 00:52:04,719
Speaker 1: there's a republic that isn't run by Europe and they're

1004
00:52:04,719 --> 00:52:06,920
Speaker 1: gonna they're they're not gonna want to have us in

1005
00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:14,320
Speaker 1: charge anymore. Like, wait, this is an option, yeah option, Yeah, yeah,

1006
00:52:14,800 --> 00:52:18,319
Speaker 1: you can't have a democracy and not you yeah yeah,

1007
00:52:18,440 --> 00:52:20,879
Speaker 1: kind of like that. Yeah. France is like, no, that's

1008
00:52:20,920 --> 00:52:23,799
Speaker 1: not that's not gonna happen at an option, not an option,

1009
00:52:23,840 --> 00:52:26,279
Speaker 1: Not an option. So they decide to enter the war

1010
00:52:26,400 --> 00:52:29,280
Speaker 1: against the Riff on Spain's side to crush the rebels.

1011
00:52:29,760 --> 00:52:33,240
Speaker 1: In nineteen twenty five, France and de Rivera's reformed Spanish

1012
00:52:33,360 --> 00:52:36,360
Speaker 1: army begin a counter offensive against the Riff. Now leading

1013
00:52:36,400 --> 00:52:39,320
Speaker 1: things on the French side was a fellow named Marshall Patain,

1014
00:52:39,719 --> 00:52:41,960
Speaker 1: hero of the Battle of Verdun during World War One,

1015
00:52:42,400 --> 00:52:44,239
Speaker 1: and the guy who would become the leader of vich

1016
00:52:44,400 --> 00:52:46,759
Speaker 1: France during World War Two. He's the guy who collaborates

1017
00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:50,200
Speaker 1: with the Nazis. Um now, but tell you at this point, yeah,

1018
00:52:50,200 --> 00:52:52,920
Speaker 1: I know, he's a real piece of Shitmpkins didn't kill

1019
00:52:52,960 --> 00:52:55,320
Speaker 1: this guy. He's a He's a war hero at this

1020
00:52:55,400 --> 00:52:57,640
Speaker 1: point too, though, because he he led France through the

1021
00:52:57,680 --> 00:53:00,560
Speaker 1: Battle over Dune. Is. If you're making a shortlist of

1022
00:53:00,600 --> 00:53:04,400
Speaker 1: the very worst battles in the entire history of human warfare,

1023
00:53:04,719 --> 00:53:06,960
Speaker 1: for Done might be number one, you know, Stred. There's

1024
00:53:06,960 --> 00:53:09,800
Speaker 1: a couple of other like, but it's it is, It's in,

1025
00:53:10,000 --> 00:53:12,120
Speaker 1: It's in the running. You know. It's horrible, like a

1026
00:53:12,239 --> 00:53:15,640
Speaker 1: million people die. It's a terrible, terrible battle. So he's

1027
00:53:15,640 --> 00:53:17,759
Speaker 1: a big war hero. And when he decides he wants

1028
00:53:17,760 --> 00:53:19,920
Speaker 1: to go to Morocco, the French government is going to

1029
00:53:19,960 --> 00:53:22,280
Speaker 1: give him everything he asks for. So he puts together

1030
00:53:22,320 --> 00:53:24,719
Speaker 1: a force of a hundred and fifty thousand men to

1031
00:53:24,840 --> 00:53:28,200
Speaker 1: face abdel Kareem's tribesmen, who were very well organized and

1032
00:53:28,320 --> 00:53:32,160
Speaker 1: good fighters, but they numbered just twenty thousand. The offensive

1033
00:53:32,200 --> 00:53:35,600
Speaker 1: started with one of the first Yeah, amphibious landings. Yeah,

1034
00:53:35,840 --> 00:53:40,560
Speaker 1: there's no like Gandalf showing up and helping. No, we don't,

1035
00:53:40,560 --> 00:53:42,520
Speaker 1: we don't. We don't get a Gandolf in this story.

1036
00:53:42,800 --> 00:53:45,680
Speaker 1: So you are outgunned and outman. Yeah, you guys are

1037
00:53:45,719 --> 00:53:48,520
Speaker 1: just like you're fucked. It's it's a bummer um. And

1038
00:53:48,760 --> 00:53:52,640
Speaker 1: this amphibious landing is started spearheaded by young colonel named

1039
00:53:52,680 --> 00:53:55,840
Speaker 1: Francisco Franco, who led the soldiers of the Spanish Foreign

1040
00:53:55,960 --> 00:54:00,560
Speaker 1: Legion into battle. Now you have seen the Spanish Foreign lead. Um.

1041
00:54:00,680 --> 00:54:03,040
Speaker 1: Everyone in America pretty much did. Because at the start

1042
00:54:03,080 --> 00:54:05,960
Speaker 1: of the coronavirus lockdown, when Spain had a lockdown and

1043
00:54:06,040 --> 00:54:08,239
Speaker 1: brought in the military to help, there were pictures of

1044
00:54:08,320 --> 00:54:11,840
Speaker 1: a bunch of very jacked and very handsome Spanish soldiers

1045
00:54:11,880 --> 00:54:15,480
Speaker 1: and incredibly tight fitting uniforms marching down the streets of Barcelona,

1046
00:54:15,880 --> 00:54:17,799
Speaker 1: and a bunch of US liberals were like, oh my god,

1047
00:54:17,840 --> 00:54:20,000
Speaker 1: they're so hot. Why can't we have those soldiers here.

1048
00:54:20,320 --> 00:54:22,719
Speaker 1: I'm gonna tell you the backstory of those soldiers because

1049
00:54:22,760 --> 00:54:25,000
Speaker 1: those were the men of the Spanish Foreign Legion, and

1050
00:54:25,120 --> 00:54:29,759
Speaker 1: it's not a great back story. So it's crazy. It

1051
00:54:29,880 --> 00:54:34,640
Speaker 1: was crazy about like the geography right now, like I

1052
00:54:34,680 --> 00:54:36,680
Speaker 1: don't noticed backstory that you're about to say, but I'm

1053
00:54:36,760 --> 00:54:39,799
Speaker 1: just picturing the geography because off the Costa del Soul

1054
00:54:40,000 --> 00:54:44,040
Speaker 1: at the edge of of the edge of Spain to

1055
00:54:44,200 --> 00:54:47,920
Speaker 1: the tip of Tangiers in Morocco, it's just the Merediterranean.

1056
00:54:47,960 --> 00:54:50,799
Speaker 1: See it's a ninety minute boat ride. Yeah, it's so far.

1057
00:54:51,080 --> 00:54:53,000
Speaker 1: It's not far. You it's almost like you could sit

1058
00:54:53,040 --> 00:54:55,840
Speaker 1: in Morocco and watch him, like, yeah, he'd come to Spanish.

1059
00:54:56,320 --> 00:55:00,080
Speaker 1: You can get Spain to Africa in the time you

1060
00:55:00,120 --> 00:55:02,560
Speaker 1: would get a quarter of the way across Texas, right,

1061
00:55:02,680 --> 00:55:05,920
Speaker 1: Like it's nothing, it really is. Yeah, do they know

1062
00:55:06,000 --> 00:55:09,680
Speaker 1: who designed the uniforms. We're going to talk about why

1063
00:55:09,760 --> 00:55:13,040
Speaker 1: the uniforms look the way they do. Yeah, So the

1064
00:55:13,160 --> 00:55:19,120
Speaker 1: Spanish Foreign Legion were founded. He's not a pointy motherfucker. No, No,

1065
00:55:19,239 --> 00:55:23,680
Speaker 1: they're hot. They're hot. They're hot. They're they're they're like

1066
00:55:23,880 --> 00:55:28,319
Speaker 1: a nice they are they are, but they are they

1067
00:55:28,360 --> 00:55:32,640
Speaker 1: are hot. Nobody's arguing that they're not hot subjectively way

1068
00:55:32,680 --> 00:55:35,719
Speaker 1: too tight. Yeah, no, one is arguing that they're not

1069
00:55:35,880 --> 00:55:38,800
Speaker 1: good looking men. We're not going to disagree about this,

1070
00:55:39,000 --> 00:55:42,560
Speaker 1: but problematic. So they're found the Spanish Foreign Legion was

1071
00:55:42,600 --> 00:55:45,920
Speaker 1: founded in nineteen nineteen in mimicry of the French Foreign Legion,

1072
00:55:46,120 --> 00:55:49,160
Speaker 1: since Spain was also mimicking French ambitions in North Africa

1073
00:55:49,200 --> 00:55:51,239
Speaker 1: at this point. The founder of the Legion was a

1074
00:55:51,280 --> 00:55:54,399
Speaker 1: guy named Milan Astray, a veteran of Spain's brutal war

1075
00:55:54,480 --> 00:55:56,840
Speaker 1: in the Philippines and of the fighting in Morocco, and

1076
00:55:56,920 --> 00:55:59,680
Speaker 1: he wanted to create a colonial army for Spain that

1077
00:55:59,719 --> 00:56:02,840
Speaker 1: they used to regain some of their lost glory. He

1078
00:56:03,000 --> 00:56:05,719
Speaker 1: created an interlocking series as he founded, like when he

1079
00:56:05,800 --> 00:56:09,400
Speaker 1: founded the Foreign Legion, he wanted them to be brutal,

1080
00:56:09,480 --> 00:56:11,840
Speaker 1: because if you're going to keep a colonial possession, you

1081
00:56:11,960 --> 00:56:14,319
Speaker 1: have to murder a lot of people, right, that's how

1082
00:56:14,360 --> 00:56:16,520
Speaker 1: colonialism where you have to kill a lot of people.

1083
00:56:17,080 --> 00:56:20,160
Speaker 1: And so your soldiers have to be soulless, broken men

1084
00:56:20,320 --> 00:56:22,680
Speaker 1: in order to gun down the proper number of children

1085
00:56:22,719 --> 00:56:26,200
Speaker 1: to keep an empire. Um, these he wanted his shock troops.

1086
00:56:26,600 --> 00:56:29,560
Speaker 1: And yeah, I mean in fine as hell, Um she

1087
00:56:29,719 --> 00:56:32,759
Speaker 1: just sent me. That's why it's good. God, God, I know,

1088
00:56:32,960 --> 00:56:40,200
Speaker 1: I know. Like the reaction is like the Spanish Foreign

1089
00:56:40,320 --> 00:56:43,480
Speaker 1: Legion today look like characters in like they look like

1090
00:56:43,600 --> 00:56:46,640
Speaker 1: characters in a pornography, like they don't look like soldiers,

1091
00:56:46,719 --> 00:56:50,640
Speaker 1: they look like fake soldiers from a sleazy porn yes, um, yes, yeah,

1092
00:56:51,160 --> 00:56:54,440
Speaker 1: and they kind of did then, so stray in order

1093
00:56:54,520 --> 00:56:56,600
Speaker 1: to make sure these guys are as brutal as possible,

1094
00:56:56,719 --> 00:56:59,800
Speaker 1: creates for them an interlocking series of hazing rituals with

1095
00:57:00,080 --> 00:57:03,320
Speaker 1: goal with like shattering these men's souls. And he wants

1096
00:57:03,360 --> 00:57:06,040
Speaker 1: to explicitly is like, I want to separate these men

1097
00:57:06,160 --> 00:57:09,480
Speaker 1: from their past lives and unify them in quote brotherhood

1098
00:57:09,600 --> 00:57:14,080
Speaker 1: and death. Now, Milan Australia was a big fan of

1099
00:57:14,120 --> 00:57:17,760
Speaker 1: the Bushido code of the Samurai. Yeah, I know, I

1100
00:57:17,880 --> 00:57:20,400
Speaker 1: know all of these fucking guys, and he cribs from

1101
00:57:20,440 --> 00:57:24,680
Speaker 1: Bushido um to write his own Legionary creed. What's emphasized

1102
00:57:24,880 --> 00:57:28,520
Speaker 1: tireless duty, bodily hardness, which is why they're all jacked,

1103
00:57:29,000 --> 00:57:32,600
Speaker 1: unconditional brotherhood and fighting to the death. And I'm gonna

1104
00:57:32,680 --> 00:57:34,800
Speaker 1: quote from a write up and Prospect magazine on the

1105
00:57:34,840 --> 00:57:38,440
Speaker 1: Foreign Legion here. Many of these themes were common across

1106
00:57:38,480 --> 00:57:41,160
Speaker 1: fascist movements and the military's they influenced, but others were

1107
00:57:41,200 --> 00:57:45,000
Speaker 1: distinct to the Legion. Legionary swore to become bride grooms

1108
00:57:45,080 --> 00:57:47,600
Speaker 1: of Death, from the title of a popular song about

1109
00:57:47,600 --> 00:57:51,360
Speaker 1: a legionnaire's sacrifice in the roof, renouncing familial and romantic

1110
00:57:51,440 --> 00:57:54,080
Speaker 1: bonds and sublimating them into loyalty to each other and

1111
00:57:54,160 --> 00:57:57,600
Speaker 1: the Legion's flag. You are married to death. Death is

1112
00:57:57,640 --> 00:58:02,000
Speaker 1: your wife. She's like, I'm married to the streets. You're

1113
00:58:02,040 --> 00:58:05,840
Speaker 1: not married to the game. You're married to death. So

1114
00:58:05,920 --> 00:58:07,919
Speaker 1: if you think these guys are hot, I have bad

1115
00:58:08,000 --> 00:58:11,800
Speaker 1: news for you. They're fucking the Grim Reaper. Yeah, they're sorry.

1116
00:58:11,920 --> 00:58:15,400
Speaker 1: You don't. You don't attract him. You are to a

1117
00:58:15,520 --> 00:58:19,000
Speaker 1: laugh at me. That's not my type. Yeah. Um, so

1118
00:58:19,400 --> 00:58:22,000
Speaker 1: these these guys, the reason why they have these shirts

1119
00:58:22,080 --> 00:58:26,600
Speaker 1: with like really open weird necklines, um, is that I'm sorry,

1120
00:58:26,600 --> 00:58:30,840
Speaker 1: I'm gonna need you to rephrase that. What's week about that?

1121
00:58:33,760 --> 00:58:37,320
Speaker 1: They're showing it off. They are showing it off. It's

1122
00:58:37,360 --> 00:58:39,960
Speaker 1: also meant to emphasize their willingness to fight in the

1123
00:58:40,040 --> 00:58:43,200
Speaker 1: hot desert air. Um. And the green is from like

1124
00:58:43,440 --> 00:58:48,960
Speaker 1: the color it's like early camouflage. Yeah, this is what

1125
00:58:49,080 --> 00:58:54,040
Speaker 1: I wish was normal, Sophie. They are married to the

1126
00:58:54,120 --> 00:58:56,960
Speaker 1: concept of murdering children. I'm sorry, I mean, I'm not

1127
00:58:57,160 --> 00:59:03,200
Speaker 1: here for that, but the old dog like right said,

1128
00:59:03,280 --> 00:59:07,320
Speaker 1: the pants are subjectively too tight, but like, go ahead,

1129
00:59:08,360 --> 00:59:12,760
Speaker 1: this is not functional. It's a nice pastel mint color.

1130
00:59:13,440 --> 00:59:18,280
Speaker 1: You know. No today this uniforms like functional? Yeah. Not.

1131
00:59:18,840 --> 00:59:22,640
Speaker 1: You have to be married to death because nothing about

1132
00:59:22,720 --> 00:59:25,960
Speaker 1: this says you ready to survive. Like kind of look

1133
00:59:26,080 --> 00:59:28,520
Speaker 1: like if the tin man from The Wizard of Oz

1134
00:59:28,720 --> 00:59:31,120
Speaker 1: worked at Baskin Robbins and had to go do a

1135
00:59:31,240 --> 00:59:38,360
Speaker 1: porno shoot later. So Franco and his Franco and his

1136
00:59:38,480 --> 00:59:40,800
Speaker 1: foreign legionman were the tip of the spear of the

1137
00:59:40,880 --> 00:59:43,440
Speaker 1: French and Spanish governments thrust into the heart of Morocco.

1138
00:59:44,680 --> 00:59:50,120
Speaker 1: You did, Yeah, I know, I know, Sophie. But we're

1139
00:59:50,120 --> 00:59:53,040
Speaker 1: about to talk about genocide. Okay, okay, but you don't

1140
00:59:53,040 --> 00:59:54,800
Speaker 1: know what you just did there. You know what, we

1141
00:59:54,880 --> 00:59:58,120
Speaker 1: need to take a break. The spear doesn't just mean

1142
00:59:58,200 --> 01:00:01,920
Speaker 1: to take a break, Robert, alright, we're gonna go to ads.

1143
01:00:02,120 --> 01:00:04,160
Speaker 1: Are gonna go to ads, and then we're going to

1144
01:00:04,240 --> 01:00:11,720
Speaker 1: talk about a colonial genocide. Yes, hi, I'm Robert lamp

1145
01:00:11,800 --> 01:00:13,960
Speaker 1: and I'm Joe McCormick. And where the hosts of the

1146
01:00:14,040 --> 01:00:17,080
Speaker 1: science podcast Stuff to Blow your Mind, where every week

1147
01:00:17,160 --> 01:00:19,480
Speaker 1: we get to explore some of the weirdest questions in

1148
01:00:19,560 --> 01:00:23,400
Speaker 1: the universe, like if sci fi teleportation was possible, how

1149
01:00:23,440 --> 01:00:26,640
Speaker 1: would it square with the multitudes of organisms that inhabit

1150
01:00:26,680 --> 01:00:29,480
Speaker 1: our human bodies? Can we find evidence of emotions in

1151
01:00:29,640 --> 01:00:34,280
Speaker 1: animals like bees, ants, and crayfish? How would an interplanetary

1152
01:00:34,400 --> 01:00:38,240
Speaker 1: civilization function just free will exist? Stuff to Blow Your

1153
01:00:38,280 --> 01:00:43,840
Speaker 1: Mind examines neurological quandaries, cosmic mysteries, evolutionary marvels, and the

1154
01:00:43,880 --> 01:00:47,040
Speaker 1: wonders of techno history. Basically, this show is the altar

1155
01:00:47,160 --> 01:00:50,560
Speaker 1: where we worship the weirdness of reality. If anybody ever

1156
01:00:50,680 --> 01:00:53,960
Speaker 1: told you you ask the weirdest questions, it is time

1157
01:00:54,040 --> 01:00:56,200
Speaker 1: to come join us in the place where you belong.

1158
01:00:56,600 --> 01:00:59,840
Speaker 1: The Stuff to Blow Your Mind podcast New episodes publish

1159
01:01:00,000 --> 01:01:03,760
Speaker 1: free Tuesday and Thursday, with bonus episodes on Saturdays. Listen

1160
01:01:03,840 --> 01:01:05,439
Speaker 1: to Stuff to Blow Your Mind on the I Heart

1161
01:01:05,520 --> 01:01:08,960
Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

1162
01:01:11,240 --> 01:01:14,920
Speaker 1: What grows in the forest trees, sure, no, what else

1163
01:01:14,960 --> 01:01:18,480
Speaker 1: grows in the forest Our imagination, our sense of wonder,

1164
01:01:18,880 --> 01:01:22,080
Speaker 1: and our family bonds grow too. Because when we disconnect

1165
01:01:22,120 --> 01:01:28,760
Speaker 1: from this and connect with this, we reconnect with each other.

1166
01:01:29,520 --> 01:01:32,360
Speaker 1: The forest is closer than you think. Find a forest

1167
01:01:32,520 --> 01:01:35,720
Speaker 1: near you and start exploring. I Discover the Forest dot

1168
01:01:35,880 --> 01:01:38,600
Speaker 1: org brought to you by the United States Forest Service

1169
01:01:38,840 --> 01:01:42,440
Speaker 1: and the AD Council. Look for your children's eyes to

1170
01:01:42,560 --> 01:01:46,040
Speaker 1: see the true magic of a forest. It's a storybook

1171
01:01:46,120 --> 01:01:49,120
Speaker 1: world for them. You look and see a tree. They

1172
01:01:49,240 --> 01:01:52,600
Speaker 1: see the wrinkled face of a wizard with arms outstretched

1173
01:01:52,640 --> 01:01:55,960
Speaker 1: to the sky. They see treasure and pebbles. They see

1174
01:01:55,960 --> 01:01:59,040
Speaker 1: a windy path that could lead to adventure, and they

1175
01:01:59,120 --> 01:02:03,680
Speaker 1: see you. They're fearless. Guide. Is this fascinating world? Find

1176
01:02:03,760 --> 01:02:06,440
Speaker 1: a forest near you and start exploring. And Discover the

1177
01:02:06,480 --> 01:02:08,880
Speaker 1: Forest dot org brought to you by the United States

1178
01:02:08,960 --> 01:02:14,880
Speaker 1: Force Service and the AD Council. Alright, alright, we're back,

1179
01:02:15,080 --> 01:02:18,720
Speaker 1: and we are no longer talking about hot guys. Were

1180
01:02:18,720 --> 01:02:22,080
Speaker 1: talking about the genocide those hot guys helped commit. Well

1181
01:02:22,720 --> 01:02:25,400
Speaker 1: kind of brought it up like that. You know what

1182
01:02:25,600 --> 01:02:29,200
Speaker 1: you're doing, bro, I don't. I'm trying to emphasize that

1183
01:02:29,360 --> 01:02:32,640
Speaker 1: sometimes things that look nice are also fashy as hell,

1184
01:02:32,840 --> 01:02:37,240
Speaker 1: and sometimes sometimes the good looks will stick it to you.

1185
01:02:37,680 --> 01:02:44,720
Speaker 1: So the overwhelming force, well overwhelming force now anyway, Yeah,

1186
01:02:44,720 --> 01:02:49,680
Speaker 1: they just thrust their goddamn damn it. Okay, what you're doing. Okay,

1187
01:02:50,080 --> 01:02:52,040
Speaker 1: I know I'm trying to talk about the use of

1188
01:02:52,120 --> 01:02:56,120
Speaker 1: chemical war weapons upon civilians. But I've never wished Jamie

1189
01:02:56,200 --> 01:03:00,360
Speaker 1: Loftus was here more. I am fairly glad she would

1190
01:03:00,840 --> 01:03:10,480
Speaker 1: completely She's a professional at this. The French in the

1191
01:03:10,520 --> 01:03:14,600
Speaker 1: Spanish have so many soldiers in so much high grade

1192
01:03:14,640 --> 01:03:17,160
Speaker 1: military hardware that there is no chance the riff are

1193
01:03:17,240 --> 01:03:20,560
Speaker 1: going to actually win. Victory was only a matter of time.

1194
01:03:20,840 --> 01:03:23,600
Speaker 1: But de Rivera and Marshall Pattaine were not willing to wait,

1195
01:03:23,920 --> 01:03:26,680
Speaker 1: and so they started using chemical weapons to slaughter tribes

1196
01:03:26,760 --> 01:03:29,280
Speaker 1: people in mass and they're not using them on military forces.

1197
01:03:29,480 --> 01:03:33,080
Speaker 1: They first start bombarding the city of Tangier with fos

1198
01:03:33,240 --> 01:03:36,680
Speaker 1: gene gas, which is a deadly chemical weapon. It's what

1199
01:03:36,760 --> 01:03:38,760
Speaker 1: they used in the trenches. It chokes people to death

1200
01:03:38,800 --> 01:03:42,240
Speaker 1: on their own, rotting lungs um. It's horrific stuff. The

1201
01:03:42,320 --> 01:03:45,480
Speaker 1: Spanish army began pounding the outskirts of the town uh

1202
01:03:45,600 --> 01:03:48,160
Speaker 1: and as soon as Spanish forces started gassing tribes people,

1203
01:03:48,200 --> 01:03:50,480
Speaker 1: other commanders in the country begged to be able to

1204
01:03:50,560 --> 01:03:53,440
Speaker 1: do the same. One Spanish general wrote his desire to

1205
01:03:53,680 --> 01:03:57,000
Speaker 1: use them, them being chemical weapons with delight. This was

1206
01:03:57,040 --> 01:03:59,640
Speaker 1: all very good for France, who profited not just from

1207
01:03:59,680 --> 01:04:02,880
Speaker 1: stidity in northern Africa, but because they were willing they

1208
01:04:02,920 --> 01:04:06,160
Speaker 1: were selling Spain the gas, they also profited financially. I'm

1209
01:04:06,200 --> 01:04:08,080
Speaker 1: gonna quote from an article on the website r S

1210
01:04:08,120 --> 01:04:11,840
Speaker 1: twenty one here. It was in fact a French business Schneider,

1211
01:04:11,920 --> 01:04:14,000
Speaker 1: which in nineteen twenty two helped to open a plant

1212
01:04:14,040 --> 01:04:16,600
Speaker 1: for the production of toxic shells in Malila, and indeed

1213
01:04:17,440 --> 01:04:21,000
Speaker 1: the French made an official one. French General leout Lee

1214
01:04:21,160 --> 01:04:23,920
Speaker 1: made an official request to his supervisors for provisions of

1215
01:04:23,960 --> 01:04:27,760
Speaker 1: chemical weapons in June ninet, justifying that the use of

1216
01:04:27,840 --> 01:04:30,520
Speaker 1: these munitions with their toxic power allows us to spare

1217
01:04:30,680 --> 01:04:33,760
Speaker 1: human lives during our attacks. In face of these bombs

1218
01:04:33,800 --> 01:04:36,960
Speaker 1: dropped the most populated regions of the territories controlled by

1219
01:04:36,960 --> 01:04:39,760
Speaker 1: Abdel Cream, the Riffians tried to fight back with non

1220
01:04:39,840 --> 01:04:43,479
Speaker 1: explosive projectiles as well as making shells charged with pepper power,

1221
01:04:43,720 --> 01:04:45,800
Speaker 1: with little success. Right up to the end of the

1222
01:04:45,880 --> 01:04:48,280
Speaker 1: Rift War, the Spanish army would continue to use these

1223
01:04:48,360 --> 01:04:50,760
Speaker 1: lethal gases with the support of the French forces with

1224
01:04:50,920 --> 01:04:55,520
Speaker 1: martial patain at their head. In Morocco, so spare human life.

1225
01:04:55,600 --> 01:04:58,920
Speaker 1: They attacked civilian targets with chemical weapons. They like. So,

1226
01:04:59,120 --> 01:05:03,600
Speaker 1: look hear me out. I didn't shoot him, I gassed

1227
01:05:03,680 --> 01:05:07,160
Speaker 1: him and his family. He just he died from the air. Yeah,

1228
01:05:07,200 --> 01:05:09,280
Speaker 1: it's some real We had to destroy the village to

1229
01:05:09,360 --> 01:05:13,640
Speaker 1: save it vibes. Yeah, So Victory and Morocco started the

1230
01:05:13,680 --> 01:05:16,760
Speaker 1: dictator's time and power off. We're talking about de Rivera here.

1231
01:05:16,840 --> 01:05:20,439
Speaker 1: With widespread popular support, he created a political party, the UP,

1232
01:05:20,680 --> 01:05:24,600
Speaker 1: the Patriotic Union, whose motto was monarchy, fatherland, and religion.

1233
01:05:24,960 --> 01:05:27,400
Speaker 1: His mouthpieces at the UP declared that the de Rivery

1234
01:05:27,480 --> 01:05:30,200
Speaker 1: dictatorship was only a transitional thing, and that the military

1235
01:05:30,280 --> 01:05:34,120
Speaker 1: dictatorship would eventually be replaced with a civil dictatorship. So

1236
01:05:34,360 --> 01:05:37,440
Speaker 1: this military dictatorship just temporary. We got a civil dictator.

1237
01:05:37,520 --> 01:05:39,680
Speaker 1: It's gonna be fine. It's great to be a different, good,

1238
01:05:40,120 --> 01:05:46,840
Speaker 1: totally reasonable kind of dictatorships. It's cool. Yeah, yeah, now

1239
01:05:47,000 --> 01:05:50,280
Speaker 1: this would be different. Yeah. So, the Patriotic Union or

1240
01:05:50,280 --> 01:05:54,760
Speaker 1: the UP was mostly composed of middle class conservative Catholic Spaniards,

1241
01:05:55,080 --> 01:05:58,600
Speaker 1: and historian Stanley Pain notes that in some provinces, sectors

1242
01:05:58,640 --> 01:06:00,840
Speaker 1: of the old political elite did join and dominate, but

1243
01:06:00,880 --> 01:06:04,240
Speaker 1: the organization also incorporated ordinary middle class people who had

1244
01:06:04,280 --> 01:06:07,280
Speaker 1: not previously been politically active, so in spite of the

1245
01:06:07,360 --> 01:06:11,040
Speaker 1: fact that electoral politics didn't exist during de Riveriaus dictatorship,

1246
01:06:11,320 --> 01:06:13,600
Speaker 1: it served a purpose of rallying and in some ways

1247
01:06:13,680 --> 01:06:17,440
Speaker 1: activating the middle class as a political entity. The up's

1248
01:06:17,560 --> 01:06:20,440
Speaker 1: goal was to ensure some form of right wing dictatorship

1249
01:06:20,520 --> 01:06:23,560
Speaker 1: remained the permanent government of Spain, and much of their

1250
01:06:23,600 --> 01:06:26,240
Speaker 1: support came from their victory in Morocco and their success

1251
01:06:26,440 --> 01:06:29,680
Speaker 1: in for the first time igniting widespread nationalism among the

1252
01:06:29,720 --> 01:06:33,600
Speaker 1: Spanish population. The UP held the country's first mass rallies

1253
01:06:33,680 --> 01:06:36,600
Speaker 1: and for a while De Rivera and his party were popular,

1254
01:06:37,160 --> 01:06:40,080
Speaker 1: but by nineteen twenty nine, the worldwide economic crash had

1255
01:06:40,120 --> 01:06:43,040
Speaker 1: started to hit Spain as well. The wealthy financiers who

1256
01:06:43,160 --> 01:06:45,480
Speaker 1: backed his regime started to sour on him and some

1257
01:06:45,640 --> 01:06:48,840
Speaker 1: of his interventionalist economic policies. At the same time, De

1258
01:06:49,000 --> 01:06:51,880
Speaker 1: Rivera faced growing resistance from students, who were a political

1259
01:06:51,960 --> 01:06:53,920
Speaker 1: factor for the first time in Spain due to the

1260
01:06:53,960 --> 01:06:57,280
Speaker 1: fact that the dictatorship had reformed the education system. In

1261
01:06:57,440 --> 01:06:59,920
Speaker 1: his last years in power, Rivera sought to stay dickt

1262
01:07:00,000 --> 01:07:01,720
Speaker 1: Hater by taking a leaf from the Book of a Man.

1263
01:07:01,800 --> 01:07:04,600
Speaker 1: He idolized Benito Mussolini. And this is the first time

1264
01:07:04,680 --> 01:07:07,959
Speaker 1: de Riveri actually kind of goes fascist. I'm gonna quote

1265
01:07:08,000 --> 01:07:12,080
Speaker 1: from the history of Spanish Fascism here. Italian diplomatic correspondence

1266
01:07:12,080 --> 01:07:14,280
Speaker 1: from Madrid in the final days of nineteen twenty nine

1267
01:07:14,520 --> 01:07:16,919
Speaker 1: reported that Primo de Rivera was indicating that he would

1268
01:07:16,960 --> 01:07:20,120
Speaker 1: soon begin a fundamental reorganization of the up along the

1269
01:07:20,240 --> 01:07:23,680
Speaker 1: lines of the Fascist Party. This reorganization never got started,

1270
01:07:23,920 --> 01:07:26,480
Speaker 1: as Javier to Sell and Ismael Sas have written with

1271
01:07:26,600 --> 01:07:29,400
Speaker 1: the Spanish dictator felt for Mussolini was considerably more than

1272
01:07:29,440 --> 01:07:34,040
Speaker 1: platonic admiration. He was pathetically incapable of transferring Italian institutions

1273
01:07:34,080 --> 01:07:36,760
Speaker 1: to Spain, and was often infantile in his effusive expressions

1274
01:07:36,800 --> 01:07:39,720
Speaker 1: to Mussolini. So he wants to be a fascist by

1275
01:07:39,800 --> 01:07:42,360
Speaker 1: this point, and he's like, he's kind of simping on

1276
01:07:42,760 --> 01:07:48,000
Speaker 1: on Mussolini. Yeah, just like you're so good. I just

1277
01:07:48,040 --> 01:07:49,800
Speaker 1: want to do what you do. Why can't I be

1278
01:07:49,880 --> 01:07:52,959
Speaker 1: as cool as you? Um, it's it's kind of saying

1279
01:07:54,360 --> 01:07:56,080
Speaker 1: he's an old man too. At this point, he's not

1280
01:07:56,160 --> 01:07:59,960
Speaker 1: doing great. Um. It is very weird. He's a Mussoli

1281
01:08:00,080 --> 01:08:02,720
Speaker 1: need stand hardcore, but he just doesn't have what it

1282
01:08:02,800 --> 01:08:05,000
Speaker 1: takes to be a fascist dictator. He just he's only

1283
01:08:05,040 --> 01:08:07,280
Speaker 1: a normal dictator. You know, you hate to see it.

1284
01:08:08,400 --> 01:08:11,760
Speaker 1: In January of ninety this dictator was ship canned by

1285
01:08:11,800 --> 01:08:13,680
Speaker 1: his king, who followed him out the door. About a

1286
01:08:13,720 --> 01:08:16,320
Speaker 1: year or so later, because popular support for the monarchy

1287
01:08:16,400 --> 01:08:19,320
Speaker 1: collapsed as a result of the dictatorship, for a brief,

1288
01:08:19,400 --> 01:08:22,960
Speaker 1: awkward period, Spain lacked any kind of legitimate government. It's

1289
01:08:23,000 --> 01:08:25,719
Speaker 1: king in parliament were gone. A short succession of strong

1290
01:08:25,840 --> 01:08:28,639
Speaker 1: men held powers that national political elite struggled to cobble

1291
01:08:28,680 --> 01:08:32,080
Speaker 1: together some kind of functional government. The whole experience further

1292
01:08:32,240 --> 01:08:35,680
Speaker 1: radicalized the middle class, this time activating large numbers of

1293
01:08:35,760 --> 01:08:39,360
Speaker 1: Spanish liberals who advocated in the streets for a republican government.

1294
01:08:39,760 --> 01:08:43,400
Speaker 1: In nineteen thirty one, the Spanish Republic was born. Now,

1295
01:08:43,520 --> 01:08:45,800
Speaker 1: this did not thrill a lot of people, like it

1296
01:08:45,920 --> 01:08:48,360
Speaker 1: thrilled people a lot of people, but it also kind

1297
01:08:48,360 --> 01:08:50,799
Speaker 1: of piste off a lot of people, particularly young military

1298
01:08:50,880 --> 01:08:54,880
Speaker 1: officers who had supported the dictatorship. Um Francisco Fraco was

1299
01:08:54,960 --> 01:08:57,639
Speaker 1: one of these frustrated men. He'd been a close student

1300
01:08:57,680 --> 01:09:00,360
Speaker 1: of Primo de Rivera and had liked his unofficial title

1301
01:09:00,439 --> 01:09:05,880
Speaker 1: of national boss, like hefe nationalism, yeah, that's yeah, yeah,

1302
01:09:05,920 --> 01:09:08,720
Speaker 1: hefe nacionale is kind of what they And he was like,

1303
01:09:08,800 --> 01:09:11,599
Speaker 1: I like that idea. I like me and everybody's boss. Yeah.

1304
01:09:13,560 --> 01:09:16,040
Speaker 1: All the years of dictatorship proved to Franco that a

1305
01:09:16,120 --> 01:09:19,000
Speaker 1: strong man could unify Spain, bring law and order in

1306
01:09:19,080 --> 01:09:22,439
Speaker 1: military victory. The only error that de Rivera had made

1307
01:09:22,479 --> 01:09:24,320
Speaker 1: in Franco's mind was that he didn't have any kind

1308
01:09:24,320 --> 01:09:27,160
Speaker 1: of ideology. Franco didn't really believe in anything other than like,

1309
01:09:27,360 --> 01:09:29,720
Speaker 1: I'm the guy who can fix Spain. And when you

1310
01:09:29,840 --> 01:09:33,880
Speaker 1: don't have that concerted kind of ideology, you can't hold

1311
01:09:33,960 --> 01:09:36,760
Speaker 1: together a dictatorship very long unless you're willing to be

1312
01:09:36,840 --> 01:09:40,280
Speaker 1: brutal and promote. You know, he was not a great guy,

1313
01:09:40,560 --> 01:09:43,160
Speaker 1: very brutal in Morocco, but was not willing to be

1314
01:09:43,240 --> 01:09:46,439
Speaker 1: brutal in Spain. Not really not compared to any other dictator,

1315
01:09:46,520 --> 01:09:49,519
Speaker 1: you know, Franco. Franco was with him in Spain, I

1316
01:09:49,560 --> 01:09:51,800
Speaker 1: mean was with him in Morocco, right, yeah, yeah, yeah,

1317
01:09:51,800 --> 01:09:55,920
Speaker 1: Franco was like he was a colonel in Morocco, and

1318
01:09:56,040 --> 01:09:57,640
Speaker 1: so and one of the like. People will say that

1319
01:09:57,680 --> 01:10:00,760
Speaker 1: like de Rivera was a bloodless dictator, which again looking

1320
01:10:00,760 --> 01:10:03,720
Speaker 1: at what happened in Morocco, not true. But if you're

1321
01:10:03,760 --> 01:10:06,600
Speaker 1: living in Spain, he's not mass executing people. He's not

1322
01:10:06,680 --> 01:10:11,000
Speaker 1: even mass imprisoning people. He's not hosting huge executions of

1323
01:10:11,080 --> 01:10:14,280
Speaker 1: his political enemies. He's a pretty if you're in Spain,

1324
01:10:14,640 --> 01:10:17,559
Speaker 1: a pretty mild dictator, about as mild as they get

1325
01:10:17,640 --> 01:10:20,519
Speaker 1: this century, you know, which is not to like whitewashing anything.

1326
01:10:20,600 --> 01:10:22,360
Speaker 1: It's just like part of why he doesn't stay in

1327
01:10:22,400 --> 01:10:25,200
Speaker 1: power along. You know, you've got to be more brutal

1328
01:10:25,240 --> 01:10:26,880
Speaker 1: than he is if you're going to hold power as

1329
01:10:26,880 --> 01:10:30,479
Speaker 1: a dictator. Now, Primo de Rivera's fall from power was

1330
01:10:30,520 --> 01:10:33,280
Speaker 1: also a lesson to Benito Mussolini. It convinced him that

1331
01:10:33,360 --> 01:10:35,920
Speaker 1: his regime could not afford to compromise its power at

1332
01:10:35,960 --> 01:10:39,479
Speaker 1: all with an elected parliament. This was in Mussolini saw

1333
01:10:39,560 --> 01:10:41,599
Speaker 1: basically like, ah, the only option I have to become

1334
01:10:41,640 --> 01:10:43,920
Speaker 1: so authoritarian that no one can push me out. And

1335
01:10:44,000 --> 01:10:46,560
Speaker 1: as a result, de Rivera's fall was a major It

1336
01:10:46,640 --> 01:10:50,120
Speaker 1: pushes Mussolini to spring towards more radical authoritarian policy. In

1337
01:10:50,240 --> 01:10:54,440
Speaker 1: nineteen thirty two, um, all of this stuff is interconnected,

1338
01:10:54,439 --> 01:10:56,200
Speaker 1: you know, just like everything, just like just like the

1339
01:10:56,280 --> 01:10:59,160
Speaker 1: Syrian Civil War is directly connected to White president Donald

1340
01:10:59,200 --> 01:11:01,840
Speaker 1: Trump became the press it, you know, like it's all

1341
01:11:01,920 --> 01:11:04,400
Speaker 1: everything always is connected. That's the way the world works.

1342
01:11:04,880 --> 01:11:07,519
Speaker 1: The Spanish Republic would have just five years of pre

1343
01:11:07,640 --> 01:11:11,959
Speaker 1: war existence. For its first two years, the socialists dominated

1344
01:11:12,000 --> 01:11:15,000
Speaker 1: the government, so not like hardcore communists, but definitely like

1345
01:11:15,200 --> 01:11:17,880
Speaker 1: left wing. Um the first two years, the left is

1346
01:11:17,960 --> 01:11:20,920
Speaker 1: dominating the Republic. For the next to a center right

1347
01:11:21,040 --> 01:11:24,080
Speaker 1: counter reformation pushes back against the gains of the left.

1348
01:11:24,800 --> 01:11:27,880
Speaker 1: The tug of war was largely in politics between socialists,

1349
01:11:28,200 --> 01:11:32,599
Speaker 1: Republican centrists, and Catholic conservatives, and the Catholic Conservatives, starting

1350
01:11:32,600 --> 01:11:35,519
Speaker 1: in nineteen thirty three, were represented by Spain's first mass

1351
01:11:35,640 --> 01:11:39,280
Speaker 1: Catholic political party and first really powerful right wing political party,

1352
01:11:39,560 --> 01:11:41,519
Speaker 1: the c E d A. And' not even gonna try

1353
01:11:41,520 --> 01:11:43,320
Speaker 1: to tell you what it stands, what we're calling CEDA,

1354
01:11:43,439 --> 01:11:46,560
Speaker 1: you know, that's the that's the that's the birth of

1355
01:11:46,640 --> 01:11:48,800
Speaker 1: like the organized political right in Spain in a way

1356
01:11:48,840 --> 01:11:51,519
Speaker 1: that actually is able to take some power. The SEDA

1357
01:11:51,880 --> 01:11:54,920
Speaker 1: was the primary home for the conservative middle class who

1358
01:11:54,920 --> 01:11:58,479
Speaker 1: had been radicalized first by Primo de Rivera's dictatorship and

1359
01:11:58,640 --> 01:12:00,760
Speaker 1: next by the early years of left wing power in

1360
01:12:00,840 --> 01:12:02,880
Speaker 1: the Republic. And they're being radicalized both by the fact

1361
01:12:02,920 --> 01:12:05,120
Speaker 1: that the socialist or in power and they're doing the

1362
01:12:05,200 --> 01:12:07,400
Speaker 1: things socialists do, which is in part to say the

1363
01:12:07,520 --> 01:12:09,439
Speaker 1: church is not going to have power, like we're not

1364
01:12:09,560 --> 01:12:11,760
Speaker 1: going to like let the Catholic church run things, but

1365
01:12:11,880 --> 01:12:14,280
Speaker 1: also by the like the anarchists who are still fucking

1366
01:12:14,360 --> 01:12:16,280
Speaker 1: up churches and stuff in this period of time. So

1367
01:12:16,360 --> 01:12:18,559
Speaker 1: it's it's the same it is here you've got kind

1368
01:12:18,600 --> 01:12:20,640
Speaker 1: of these more moderate people on the left, and then

1369
01:12:20,640 --> 01:12:22,400
Speaker 1: you've got people on the left in the streets doing

1370
01:12:22,479 --> 01:12:26,120
Speaker 1: things that scare these religious conservatives and make them decide

1371
01:12:26,160 --> 01:12:28,599
Speaker 1: like we have to take back our country. That happens

1372
01:12:28,640 --> 01:12:31,439
Speaker 1: in Spain too. It's a familiar story again to everyone

1373
01:12:31,560 --> 01:12:36,400
Speaker 1: listening um Now. A number of socialist laws were passed

1374
01:12:36,400 --> 01:12:38,080
Speaker 1: that clamped down on the power and prestige of the

1375
01:12:38,160 --> 01:12:40,400
Speaker 1: church in this period, and obviously they were again widespread,

1376
01:12:40,479 --> 01:12:43,560
Speaker 1: like there were anarchists attacked fifty convicts in Madrid in

1377
01:12:43,680 --> 01:12:46,840
Speaker 1: nineteen thirty one, and again this helps energize the right.

1378
01:12:46,880 --> 01:12:49,400
Speaker 1: It's also if you're a Spanish anarchist who grew up

1379
01:12:49,479 --> 01:12:51,400
Speaker 1: living under a Catholic church that did all of the

1380
01:12:51,479 --> 01:12:53,280
Speaker 1: kind of fucked up ship we know the Catholic Church

1381
01:12:53,400 --> 01:12:58,720
Speaker 1: to do. Nobody's again, nobody is a monster here. While

1382
01:12:58,800 --> 01:13:01,080
Speaker 1: there are sponsors, we're about to tell about them. Um.

1383
01:13:01,560 --> 01:13:04,160
Speaker 1: But yeah, this enraged fundamentalists and the c e d

1384
01:13:04,320 --> 01:13:08,000
Speaker 1: a like because of how angry they were at the left.

1385
01:13:08,280 --> 01:13:11,200
Speaker 1: The SITA is never a party that accepts the necessity

1386
01:13:11,240 --> 01:13:14,760
Speaker 1: of democracy, right. They want to take power and institute

1387
01:13:14,800 --> 01:13:17,519
Speaker 1: a Catholic state. They don't believe the Republic that they're

1388
01:13:17,560 --> 01:13:22,360
Speaker 1: participating in is legitimate, which also sounds familiar to her dominions.

1389
01:13:22,720 --> 01:13:26,640
Speaker 1: Yeah the dominionists. Okay, yeah, yeah, Now again, while this

1390
01:13:26,760 --> 01:13:29,000
Speaker 1: is all going on, the radical left in Spain tried

1391
01:13:29,120 --> 01:13:32,200
Speaker 1: several times to carry out insurrections against the republic. So

1392
01:13:32,280 --> 01:13:35,120
Speaker 1: the anarchists, because they're anarchists, do try to overthrow the

1393
01:13:35,200 --> 01:13:37,639
Speaker 1: republic because they don't like the republic either for different

1394
01:13:37,720 --> 01:13:40,880
Speaker 1: reasons than the c E d a UM. In some cases,

1395
01:13:40,960 --> 01:13:44,040
Speaker 1: they even fought alongside communists. Communists and anarchists are pretty

1396
01:13:44,040 --> 01:13:46,280
Speaker 1: good at working together in this period, compared to how

1397
01:13:46,360 --> 01:13:49,240
Speaker 1: they'll be later. Uh they attack police stations, and in

1398
01:13:49,360 --> 01:13:52,360
Speaker 1: nineteen thirty four they succeed in taking over large chunks

1399
01:13:52,360 --> 01:13:55,200
Speaker 1: of the state of a Sturius. This insurrection got far

1400
01:13:55,360 --> 01:13:57,960
Speaker 1: enough that the Republic called in their Imperial Shock troops

1401
01:13:58,479 --> 01:14:02,000
Speaker 1: the Foreign Legion, who rutally suppressed the revolt by massacurring

1402
01:14:02,080 --> 01:14:05,400
Speaker 1: basically everybody they could, um just gunning people down in

1403
01:14:05,520 --> 01:14:07,960
Speaker 1: huge numbers. The thing, the only thing that they do.

1404
01:14:08,360 --> 01:14:12,040
Speaker 1: You know, That's why you have these guys to murder everybody,

1405
01:14:12,200 --> 01:14:15,080
Speaker 1: to put everybody down. Everybody shut up when I get there.

1406
01:14:15,600 --> 01:14:19,439
Speaker 1: Everybody airbody sitting down. We do not have machine guns

1407
01:14:19,560 --> 01:14:23,719
Speaker 1: because we're good at being like a discriminating with our violence.

1408
01:14:23,800 --> 01:14:26,280
Speaker 1: We have machine guns because it makes it faster. You know.

1409
01:14:26,360 --> 01:14:29,200
Speaker 1: It sounds like Stephanie, she just come in and everything.

1410
01:14:30,000 --> 01:14:33,960
Speaker 1: I'm not asking who did what, whites is broke? Everybody

1411
01:14:34,080 --> 01:14:36,880
Speaker 1: sitting down? Your aunt who comes in with the fucking

1412
01:14:37,000 --> 01:14:41,640
Speaker 1: sandal and just started like you need to saying. She

1413
01:14:41,720 --> 01:14:44,479
Speaker 1: called in with the check blasts. Everbody getting it? I

1414
01:14:44,520 --> 01:14:47,040
Speaker 1: don't got no, I don't want to hear nothing. Everybody

1415
01:14:47,080 --> 01:14:56,240
Speaker 1: getting up the CNT. Who's that? Anarcho Syndicalist party launches

1416
01:14:56,280 --> 01:14:59,160
Speaker 1: constant strikes in this period, largely because they're angry that

1417
01:14:59,240 --> 01:15:01,960
Speaker 1: the Republic had failed to rest it. So when the

1418
01:15:02,000 --> 01:15:04,439
Speaker 1: Republic comes to power, the far left is like, because

1419
01:15:04,479 --> 01:15:07,479
Speaker 1: the far left our anarchists, and they're agricultural right there,

1420
01:15:07,479 --> 01:15:10,840
Speaker 1: primarily in rural areas, and most of Spain's agricultural land

1421
01:15:10,920 --> 01:15:13,639
Speaker 1: like more is owned by just like rich assholes who

1422
01:15:13,880 --> 01:15:16,599
Speaker 1: make the people who are actually farming it pay them

1423
01:15:16,720 --> 01:15:19,680
Speaker 1: unreasonable rent and it like keeps them impoverished. And the

1424
01:15:19,800 --> 01:15:22,920
Speaker 1: radical left is like, we should the land should belong

1425
01:15:23,000 --> 01:15:25,200
Speaker 1: to the people who farm it. Yeah, maybe, why why

1426
01:15:25,200 --> 01:15:28,040
Speaker 1: don't we do that? But I understand we got a

1427
01:15:28,040 --> 01:15:30,600
Speaker 1: lot of radical thoughts. This don't feel radical, Yeah, it

1428
01:15:30,680 --> 01:15:33,840
Speaker 1: doesn't like it isn't the time, it shouldn't be. Yeah,

1429
01:15:34,040 --> 01:15:40,639
Speaker 1: this really shouldn't be a radical't um. The Republic being

1430
01:15:40,680 --> 01:15:42,880
Speaker 1: a republic, gave them some of what they want, but

1431
01:15:43,000 --> 01:15:46,440
Speaker 1: not much. They redistribute about ten percent of Spain's uncultivated

1432
01:15:46,520 --> 01:15:49,560
Speaker 1: land of the peasants, and that really pisses off the anarchists,

1433
01:15:50,080 --> 01:15:51,640
Speaker 1: so they launch a bunch of In addition to these

1434
01:15:51,680 --> 01:15:54,000
Speaker 1: insurrections that other anarchists are doing, the C and T

1435
01:15:54,360 --> 01:15:57,120
Speaker 1: is doing like strikes and stuff in this period, as protests.

1436
01:15:57,560 --> 01:16:00,800
Speaker 1: In nineteen thirty three, a peasant protests was suppressed by

1437
01:16:00,880 --> 01:16:04,400
Speaker 1: Republican police who shot nineteen of them dead. Um. So

1438
01:16:04,520 --> 01:16:06,560
Speaker 1: this government, which is broadly speaking we'll call it a

1439
01:16:06,600 --> 01:16:09,840
Speaker 1: liberal government, is a government they still you know, gunn

1440
01:16:09,920 --> 01:16:13,200
Speaker 1: people down when you funk up, right, Like yeah. Now,

1441
01:16:13,280 --> 01:16:16,560
Speaker 1: the constant unrest damaged the left middle class support, and

1442
01:16:16,640 --> 01:16:19,880
Speaker 1: the in fighting between communists, anarchists and Republicans hurt the

1443
01:16:20,040 --> 01:16:23,400
Speaker 1: broadly speaking liberal and left ability to keep control of

1444
01:16:23,439 --> 01:16:26,400
Speaker 1: the government from the right. In nineteen thirty four, the

1445
01:16:26,520 --> 01:16:29,160
Speaker 1: c E d A, led by Jose Marie gil Robles,

1446
01:16:29,280 --> 01:16:32,280
Speaker 1: became the dominant power in government um, or at least

1447
01:16:32,520 --> 01:16:35,000
Speaker 1: gained a lot of power in government. This provoked outrage

1448
01:16:35,000 --> 01:16:37,080
Speaker 1: from the span like they weren't in control or anything,

1449
01:16:37,160 --> 01:16:39,719
Speaker 1: but they had power for the first time. This really

1450
01:16:39,840 --> 01:16:42,720
Speaker 1: piste off the Spanish left because in the rest of

1451
01:16:42,760 --> 01:16:45,800
Speaker 1: Europe at the same time, Hitler has just consolidated all

1452
01:16:45,840 --> 01:16:48,560
Speaker 1: of his power and destroyed by our democracy. Italy is

1453
01:16:48,600 --> 01:16:52,080
Speaker 1: completely fascist now, um and there's dictators all throughout Europe.

1454
01:16:52,120 --> 01:16:54,120
Speaker 1: So the left sees the c E d A gain

1455
01:16:54,280 --> 01:16:56,720
Speaker 1: some power and they're like this is the start of

1456
01:16:56,880 --> 01:16:59,639
Speaker 1: what we're seeing happen. The fascists are going to take over.

1457
01:17:00,000 --> 01:17:02,400
Speaker 1: They're not wrong to be terrified that way, because it

1458
01:17:02,600 --> 01:17:05,960
Speaker 1: is what happens, you know, like it's happening. That's because

1459
01:17:05,960 --> 01:17:09,680
Speaker 1: it's going to happen. It's happening here, they say, and

1460
01:17:09,800 --> 01:17:14,040
Speaker 1: they're not wrong. Yeah. Um So again, the left in Spain,

1461
01:17:14,120 --> 01:17:15,560
Speaker 1: and when I say the left in this sense, I

1462
01:17:15,640 --> 01:17:19,000
Speaker 1: mean both like the liberals, the anarchists, the communists, socialists,

1463
01:17:19,080 --> 01:17:22,040
Speaker 1: like all of them, start to get really panicked. And

1464
01:17:22,120 --> 01:17:24,960
Speaker 1: this fear is reinforced by the fact that Gil Roblez

1465
01:17:25,040 --> 01:17:28,840
Speaker 1: consistently gave speeches ranting against democracy and in favor of

1466
01:17:28,920 --> 01:17:32,800
Speaker 1: what he called a totalitarian concept of the state. Uh

1467
01:17:32,960 --> 01:17:35,760
Speaker 1: Stanley payin rights quote, it seems fairly clear that the

1468
01:17:35,800 --> 01:17:38,360
Speaker 1: c e d as basic intentions were to win decisive

1469
01:17:38,400 --> 01:17:41,360
Speaker 1: political power through legal means, the exception being an ill

1470
01:17:41,439 --> 01:17:45,280
Speaker 1: defined emergency situation, and then to enact fundamental revisions to

1471
01:17:45,360 --> 01:17:48,800
Speaker 1: the new Republican Constitution which restricted Catholic rights in order

1472
01:17:48,840 --> 01:17:52,200
Speaker 1: to protect religion and property and alter the basic political system.

1473
01:17:52,680 --> 01:17:55,519
Speaker 1: So again, they're not out of line to be afraid

1474
01:17:55,560 --> 01:17:57,439
Speaker 1: of what is going to happen by the c e

1475
01:17:57,520 --> 01:18:00,320
Speaker 1: d A gaining power. Left wing fear that the c

1476
01:18:00,479 --> 01:18:02,640
Speaker 1: e d A would be bring fascism to Spain were

1477
01:18:02,680 --> 01:18:04,600
Speaker 1: further stoked by the fact that c E d A

1478
01:18:04,760 --> 01:18:08,640
Speaker 1: magazines kelpt running huge, loving articles about how good fascism was.

1479
01:18:08,920 --> 01:18:11,280
Speaker 1: They would have like these huge spreads about fascist Italy

1480
01:18:11,360 --> 01:18:13,599
Speaker 1: and what a perfect state it was. There were articles

1481
01:18:13,600 --> 01:18:16,920
Speaker 1: about the Nazi regime in Germany. Now, broadly speaking, the

1482
01:18:17,000 --> 01:18:20,000
Speaker 1: Spanish far right is more Italian fascists than German. For

1483
01:18:20,080 --> 01:18:22,600
Speaker 1: one thing, they don't really get the anti Semitism, like

1484
01:18:23,040 --> 01:18:25,280
Speaker 1: like everyone in Europe, they're kind of anti Semitic, but

1485
01:18:25,360 --> 01:18:30,280
Speaker 1: it's not organizing principle for them. Um and the Nazis

1486
01:18:30,280 --> 01:18:32,240
Speaker 1: they see. It's like kind of weird, but like still,

1487
01:18:32,400 --> 01:18:35,080
Speaker 1: you know, they're they're they're better than the left. But yeah,

1488
01:18:35,320 --> 01:18:37,479
Speaker 1: it's like I get what y'all going for. I really

1489
01:18:37,640 --> 01:18:40,559
Speaker 1: understand this part, but I don't know this. But yeah,

1490
01:18:41,960 --> 01:18:44,040
Speaker 1: we kicked out the Muslims. I mean, I guess just

1491
01:18:44,160 --> 01:18:48,799
Speaker 1: the same, but I don't know anyway. Yeah, so Robles

1492
01:18:48,840 --> 01:18:50,400
Speaker 1: even visit The guy in charge of the c E

1493
01:18:50,439 --> 01:18:52,880
Speaker 1: d A even visited Germany in nineteen thirty three to

1494
01:18:52,960 --> 01:18:56,160
Speaker 1: attend the annual Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg. So again

1495
01:18:57,640 --> 01:19:01,840
Speaker 1: the c E d A is not entirely a fascist party,

1496
01:19:02,000 --> 01:19:04,080
Speaker 1: but the left in Spain, and this time calls them

1497
01:19:04,160 --> 01:19:07,639
Speaker 1: objectively fascist. And you can see why. Now. For his part,

1498
01:19:07,800 --> 01:19:11,240
Speaker 1: Robs only really rejected fascism because he saw it as foreign.

1499
01:19:11,640 --> 01:19:14,000
Speaker 1: During a speech in nineteen thirty three, he said, we

1500
01:19:14,120 --> 01:19:17,280
Speaker 1: want a totalitarian Patria, but it is strange that we're

1501
01:19:17,320 --> 01:19:19,760
Speaker 1: invited to look for novelties abroad when we find a

1502
01:19:19,880 --> 01:19:23,680
Speaker 1: unitary in totalitarian policy in our own tradition. So he's

1503
01:19:23,720 --> 01:19:26,400
Speaker 1: like fascism, like, I like it, but it's foreign, and

1504
01:19:26,640 --> 01:19:29,280
Speaker 1: we in Spain have our own totalitarian tradition that we

1505
01:19:29,280 --> 01:19:31,479
Speaker 1: should be embracing. And when he said this, he was

1506
01:19:31,520 --> 01:19:36,400
Speaker 1: actually referencing Ferdinand and Isabella, the first Spanish monarchs who

1507
01:19:36,439 --> 01:19:39,479
Speaker 1: were not totalitarian. It wasn't you couldn't be back then,

1508
01:19:39,560 --> 01:19:43,320
Speaker 1: you just like, yeah, exists, but yeah, yeah, it's very

1509
01:19:43,400 --> 01:19:46,599
Speaker 1: silly and very a historical um. In the same speech,

1510
01:19:46,720 --> 01:19:50,000
Speaker 1: Robles continued, for us power must be integral for the

1511
01:19:50,080 --> 01:19:52,439
Speaker 1: realization of our ideal. We shall not be held back

1512
01:19:52,479 --> 01:19:55,439
Speaker 1: by archaic forms. When the time comes, Parliament where I

1513
01:19:55,520 --> 01:19:58,920
Speaker 1: will either submit or disappear. Democracy must be a means,

1514
01:19:59,000 --> 01:20:04,280
Speaker 1: not an end. We are going to liquidate the revolution, liquidate, liquidate.

1515
01:20:04,400 --> 01:20:08,200
Speaker 1: So yeah, in addition to the c D e D

1516
01:20:08,360 --> 01:20:10,320
Speaker 1: A who if you don't want to call him fascists,

1517
01:20:10,439 --> 01:20:13,840
Speaker 1: they're at least pretty close low sodium yes, yeah, low

1518
01:20:13,960 --> 01:20:18,960
Speaker 1: sodium fascist like that. They're like diet mountain dew, like

1519
01:20:19,080 --> 01:20:21,120
Speaker 1: you don't want to go all the way, but on

1520
01:20:21,280 --> 01:20:26,000
Speaker 1: the spectrum. Now, Spain also had its own explicitly fascist

1521
01:20:26,040 --> 01:20:27,960
Speaker 1: political parties. And when I don't call the c E

1522
01:20:28,040 --> 01:20:30,479
Speaker 1: D A fascist, it's because I do want to differentiate

1523
01:20:30,520 --> 01:20:32,680
Speaker 1: between the people who are like, we're fascists, you know,

1524
01:20:32,840 --> 01:20:35,920
Speaker 1: like it is important to do that. Um that grew

1525
01:20:35,960 --> 01:20:38,760
Speaker 1: involved throughout the yearly nineteen thirties. Now, the founding father

1526
01:20:38,880 --> 01:20:43,479
Speaker 1: of Spanish fascism was a guy named Ramiro Ledesmo Ramos Ramos,

1527
01:20:43,600 --> 01:20:46,439
Speaker 1: and like most fascist intellectuals, he wanted to be a

1528
01:20:46,520 --> 01:20:49,120
Speaker 1: novelist before he got into politics, and he wrote a

1529
01:20:49,200 --> 01:20:53,960
Speaker 1: fake memoir of it, like he's it's very been Shapiro. Okay, Yeah,

1530
01:20:54,960 --> 01:20:57,840
Speaker 1: he wrote a fiction novel which was a fake memoir

1531
01:20:57,960 --> 01:21:01,439
Speaker 1: about a depressed intellectual who commits sue aside um, which

1532
01:21:01,479 --> 01:21:04,040
Speaker 1: seems like it was very self pitying, and nobody will

1533
01:21:04,080 --> 01:21:06,080
Speaker 1: He writes it when he's eighteen, nobody's willing to take it,

1534
01:21:06,160 --> 01:21:08,599
Speaker 1: and his rich uncle pays to publish it, which tells

1535
01:21:08,640 --> 01:21:11,080
Speaker 1: you all you need to know about the Desma, the fascist,

1536
01:21:11,560 --> 01:21:16,360
Speaker 1: the father of Spanish fascism. So as the pseudo intellectual,

1537
01:21:16,479 --> 01:21:19,280
Speaker 1: Le Desma's greatest concern was that Spanish culture had not

1538
01:21:19,479 --> 01:21:23,160
Speaker 1: given the world a truly dominant political ideology. He complained,

1539
01:21:23,479 --> 01:21:25,600
Speaker 1: we are the only great people who have still not

1540
01:21:25,880 --> 01:21:29,519
Speaker 1: borne the philosophical scepter, and who therefore have not projected

1541
01:21:29,560 --> 01:21:33,320
Speaker 1: in an intellectual dictatorship over the world. And so as

1542
01:21:33,360 --> 01:21:35,679
Speaker 1: a result of this, he decided to steal a political

1543
01:21:35,760 --> 01:21:39,320
Speaker 1: system from Italy and become a fascist. He eventually formed

1544
01:21:39,680 --> 01:21:44,560
Speaker 1: the Junta's Dealfensiva Nacional Sinde Calista or John's and his

1545
01:21:44,640 --> 01:21:47,720
Speaker 1: followers are called the john Sistas, which is silly, but

1546
01:21:47,960 --> 01:21:50,639
Speaker 1: that's what they're called. Yeah. Le Desma and his fellow

1547
01:21:50,720 --> 01:21:54,200
Speaker 1: john Cistas refused to call themselves fascists, but they were.

1548
01:21:54,320 --> 01:21:57,080
Speaker 1: They talked lovingly of Italian fascism and they wanted the

1549
01:21:57,160 --> 01:21:59,760
Speaker 1: same things. One of Le Desma's first followers was the

1550
01:22:00,080 --> 01:22:03,360
Speaker 1: Spanish translator for Hitler's mind comp But to his credit,

1551
01:22:03,479 --> 01:22:06,519
Speaker 1: Ledesma did try to find ways to make Spanish fascism unique.

1552
01:22:06,880 --> 01:22:09,160
Speaker 1: In part, he attempted to do this by marrying it

1553
01:22:09,280 --> 01:22:13,680
Speaker 1: to Spanish anarcho syndicalism. Ledesma adopted syndicalism, the idea of

1554
01:22:13,760 --> 01:22:16,519
Speaker 1: worker councils governing themselves and striking to make their demands

1555
01:22:16,560 --> 01:22:18,680
Speaker 1: mets or adopted aspects of that, and he kind of

1556
01:22:18,800 --> 01:22:22,360
Speaker 1: awkwardly welded it to Spanish revolutionary nationalism. And one of

1557
01:22:22,400 --> 01:22:25,200
Speaker 1: the things that is odd that characterizes Spanish fascists in

1558
01:22:25,280 --> 01:22:28,440
Speaker 1: this period is they really reach out to the anarchists.

1559
01:22:28,479 --> 01:22:31,960
Speaker 1: They're trying to convert anarchists, um, in part because the

1560
01:22:32,000 --> 01:22:35,280
Speaker 1: anarchists are like the most vital anti government movement in

1561
01:22:35,320 --> 01:22:39,240
Speaker 1: this period. Yeah, it's yeah, yeah, it was reading the

1562
01:22:39,320 --> 01:22:42,120
Speaker 1: tea leaves of being like, you know, I think you

1563
01:22:42,200 --> 01:22:44,719
Speaker 1: don't like the same ship we don't like. Yeah, maybe,

1564
01:22:46,760 --> 01:22:48,600
Speaker 1: and it happens for some of them, right. Like that

1565
01:22:48,800 --> 01:22:51,800
Speaker 1: is a story that's very uncomfortable about anarchist history is

1566
01:22:51,880 --> 01:22:55,320
Speaker 1: that during the period of time when fascism rises and

1567
01:22:55,600 --> 01:22:58,960
Speaker 1: a number of anarchists in different countries, and an uncomfortable

1568
01:22:59,080 --> 01:23:01,400
Speaker 1: number of them decide, now, you know what, I'm a fascist,

1569
01:23:01,520 --> 01:23:05,160
Speaker 1: which is not. Yeah, and it's it's important, you know, whatever,

1570
01:23:05,320 --> 01:23:08,320
Speaker 1: whatever you believe to be honest about its history, and

1571
01:23:08,400 --> 01:23:11,920
Speaker 1: that includes the ugly parts um so Ledesma and his

1572
01:23:12,040 --> 01:23:14,240
Speaker 1: fellow John Ceasta has refused to call them. And also

1573
01:23:14,439 --> 01:23:16,160
Speaker 1: we're going to talk in part two about the fact

1574
01:23:16,200 --> 01:23:19,519
Speaker 1: that a funkload of anarchists died fighting fascism in Spain.

1575
01:23:19,560 --> 01:23:21,599
Speaker 1: And we're a lot of the very first people who

1576
01:23:21,680 --> 01:23:23,479
Speaker 1: were willing to put their lives on the line to

1577
01:23:23,640 --> 01:23:27,800
Speaker 1: fight global fascism before the United States was willing to

1578
01:23:27,880 --> 01:23:31,519
Speaker 1: fight the Nazis. A funkload of anarchists died fighting fascism,

1579
01:23:31,600 --> 01:23:33,519
Speaker 1: and I like, I'm not trying to to say that

1580
01:23:33,640 --> 01:23:35,800
Speaker 1: that like, and that's much more dominant a part of

1581
01:23:35,840 --> 01:23:38,280
Speaker 1: anarchist history totally than the ones who went fashion, but

1582
01:23:38,360 --> 01:23:40,599
Speaker 1: a number of them do go fascists, and it's something

1583
01:23:40,680 --> 01:23:44,519
Speaker 1: the fascists directly try to encourage. Um it's like the

1584
01:23:45,040 --> 01:23:49,080
Speaker 1: like the like the black Trump Yeah exactly exactly. Look,

1585
01:23:49,400 --> 01:23:54,400
Speaker 1: there's there's still that's still na and it doesn't erase

1586
01:23:54,520 --> 01:23:57,720
Speaker 1: the fact that Biden only won the election because of

1587
01:23:57,840 --> 01:24:02,120
Speaker 1: a funkload of organized black voters, you know, yes, yeah. So,

1588
01:24:02,560 --> 01:24:04,559
Speaker 1: like the left wing of the Nazi Party had done,

1589
01:24:04,720 --> 01:24:08,360
Speaker 1: Ledesma sought to make fascism collectivists, stressing that the individual

1590
01:24:08,479 --> 01:24:12,040
Speaker 1: has died and that the collectivest state is all that matters.

1591
01:24:12,560 --> 01:24:15,680
Speaker 1: This was not an initially successful line of propaganda, and

1592
01:24:15,680 --> 01:24:17,719
Speaker 1: by the end of nineteen thirty two there were barely

1593
01:24:17,800 --> 01:24:21,240
Speaker 1: any John Ceasta's Uh. Spanish fascism might not have taken

1594
01:24:21,280 --> 01:24:22,760
Speaker 1: off at all if it had not been for a

1595
01:24:22,840 --> 01:24:26,080
Speaker 1: fellow named Jose Antonio de Rivera, the son of the

1596
01:24:26,200 --> 01:24:29,760
Speaker 1: now dead dictator um So de Rivera's kid becomes like

1597
01:24:30,000 --> 01:24:34,200
Speaker 1: really the first prominent Spanish fascist. And one of the things,

1598
01:24:34,360 --> 01:24:36,880
Speaker 1: this guy is such a figure in Spanish history that

1599
01:24:37,240 --> 01:24:39,439
Speaker 1: he's one of the only people from this period of

1600
01:24:39,479 --> 01:24:42,640
Speaker 1: Spanish history who's known by his first names. He's Jose Antonio.

1601
01:24:42,640 --> 01:24:44,360
Speaker 1: They don't call it like they call his dad de Rivera.

1602
01:24:44,520 --> 01:24:46,720
Speaker 1: He's Jose Antonio, which is like kind of a mark

1603
01:24:46,760 --> 01:24:49,880
Speaker 1: of how significant this guy was. Now, Jose was a

1604
01:24:50,000 --> 01:24:52,479
Speaker 1: weird fascist, and we'll talk more about him in part two.

1605
01:24:52,680 --> 01:24:54,920
Speaker 1: He is not like other He's not nearly. For one thing,

1606
01:24:55,000 --> 01:24:57,200
Speaker 1: he doesn't really like violence in the same way that

1607
01:24:57,240 --> 01:25:00,479
Speaker 1: a lot of fascists do. And he's like weird friendly

1608
01:25:00,560 --> 01:25:03,040
Speaker 1: with a lot of socialists, like in government, like like

1609
01:25:03,160 --> 01:25:05,640
Speaker 1: he's he's like like and not in a I don't know,

1610
01:25:05,680 --> 01:25:08,920
Speaker 1: he's a he's a very weird fascist. His background, though,

1611
01:25:09,000 --> 01:25:11,200
Speaker 1: makes complete sense. He's the rich son of a military

1612
01:25:11,240 --> 01:25:13,760
Speaker 1: family whose father took almost absolute power in order to

1613
01:25:13,840 --> 01:25:16,240
Speaker 1: murder foreigners and steal their ship. So it's not weird

1614
01:25:16,320 --> 01:25:19,160
Speaker 1: that he becomes a fascist. Yeah, I'm like, yeah, just

1615
01:25:19,479 --> 01:25:22,200
Speaker 1: you know, it's like representation matters, Like you have to

1616
01:25:22,320 --> 01:25:24,920
Speaker 1: see something to believe that it's possible. So he's, yeah,

1617
01:25:25,240 --> 01:25:26,760
Speaker 1: my dad took over the country. Yeah, I mean I

1618
01:25:26,840 --> 01:25:28,639
Speaker 1: bet I can too. Yeah. Yeah, And you can see

1619
01:25:28,720 --> 01:25:30,360
Speaker 1: him as like kind of what I'm sure one of

1620
01:25:30,400 --> 01:25:32,080
Speaker 1: the Trump kids will try to do, although I would

1621
01:25:32,160 --> 01:25:38,120
Speaker 1: argue he's a better person thanity of the Trump kids. Yea.

1622
01:25:39,080 --> 01:25:41,479
Speaker 1: So he creates his own fascist party based on the

1623
01:25:41,640 --> 01:25:44,080
Speaker 1: idea of bringing in another dictator like his dad, but

1624
01:25:44,200 --> 01:25:46,040
Speaker 1: not sucking at it this time, right, Like we need

1625
01:25:46,080 --> 01:25:47,600
Speaker 1: a dictator. My dad had the right idea, but he

1626
01:25:47,640 --> 01:25:50,080
Speaker 1: didn't have an ideology I'm going to bring in an ideology,

1627
01:25:50,720 --> 01:25:53,719
Speaker 1: and both Jose Antonio's party and the john Sistas receive

1628
01:25:53,800 --> 01:25:56,880
Speaker 1: a shot in the arm. On January three, when Hitler

1629
01:25:56,920 --> 01:26:00,640
Speaker 1: takes power in Germany, a magazine l Fashion, which is

1630
01:26:00,680 --> 01:26:14,040
Speaker 1: a very subtle name. Yeah, dug it. So Hitler takes

1631
01:26:14,080 --> 01:26:16,800
Speaker 1: power in Germany and El Fascio gets launched in Spain

1632
01:26:16,880 --> 01:26:19,519
Speaker 1: and the government shuts that ship down right away and

1633
01:26:19,600 --> 01:26:22,760
Speaker 1: bands publication the future editions, which is like when did

1634
01:26:22,880 --> 01:26:24,680
Speaker 1: do Outlook? You want to you need you need your

1635
01:26:24,720 --> 01:26:26,800
Speaker 1: brand to be clear, Yeah, you need to be clear.

1636
01:26:26,920 --> 01:26:30,519
Speaker 1: So com We're talking a lot in the United States

1637
01:26:30,600 --> 01:26:34,160
Speaker 1: now about the value of d platforming fascists, about the

1638
01:26:34,240 --> 01:26:36,320
Speaker 1: and I'm an advocate for aspects of that, about the

1639
01:26:36,400 --> 01:26:38,720
Speaker 1: value of of taking away these people's ability to reach

1640
01:26:38,760 --> 01:26:41,720
Speaker 1: a mass audience. They do a harder, much harder core

1641
01:26:41,840 --> 01:26:44,120
Speaker 1: version of that. In Spain. You get in. One of

1642
01:26:44,200 --> 01:26:46,400
Speaker 1: the things that's unique about Spain is the police in

1643
01:26:46,439 --> 01:26:48,479
Speaker 1: this period cracked down on the fascists more than they

1644
01:26:48,520 --> 01:26:52,040
Speaker 1: do on the left. Um, which is weird. Um, It's

1645
01:26:52,120 --> 01:26:56,080
Speaker 1: a unique historically everywhere else it is the opposite um.

1646
01:26:56,720 --> 01:26:59,120
Speaker 1: And part of why is because the republic is very

1647
01:26:59,200 --> 01:27:02,200
Speaker 1: scared of these ashes for good reason. And if we're

1648
01:27:02,240 --> 01:27:04,720
Speaker 1: looking at like the effectiveness of de platforming to what

1649
01:27:04,840 --> 01:27:08,920
Speaker 1: extent it works, Spain shows us that it doesn't necessarily

1650
01:27:09,040 --> 01:27:12,280
Speaker 1: stop them from gaining power because they d platform the fascists.

1651
01:27:12,479 --> 01:27:14,560
Speaker 1: They try hard to d platform the fascists in the

1652
01:27:14,600 --> 01:27:18,200
Speaker 1: Spanish Republic, it doesn't do the trick. Um. So again,

1653
01:27:18,600 --> 01:27:21,320
Speaker 1: useful historical context here, which is not to say there's

1654
01:27:21,360 --> 01:27:23,760
Speaker 1: no value in d platforming, but we should be paying

1655
01:27:23,800 --> 01:27:26,400
Speaker 1: attention to what happened in Spain U and the d

1656
01:27:26,520 --> 01:27:29,280
Speaker 1: platform against Spain is being done by the government, you know, um,

1657
01:27:29,720 --> 01:27:32,559
Speaker 1: by cops and ship Now, the Law for the Defense

1658
01:27:32,600 --> 01:27:35,320
Speaker 1: of the Republic gave the Spanish Republic power to ban

1659
01:27:35,439 --> 01:27:39,320
Speaker 1: anything that threatened the republic's existence. Banning fascist propaganda, though,

1660
01:27:39,400 --> 01:27:42,200
Speaker 1: was not enough to stop the contagious excitement over fascism

1661
01:27:42,520 --> 01:27:45,280
Speaker 1: and the broader right wing reaction against the recent victories

1662
01:27:45,320 --> 01:27:48,559
Speaker 1: of the left. The john Sistas and Jose Antonio's movement grew.

1663
01:27:49,000 --> 01:27:52,600
Speaker 1: Jose Antonio was noted as not being particularly charismatic, but

1664
01:27:52,680 --> 01:27:55,080
Speaker 1: he was good with words, and he was a successful lawyer,

1665
01:27:55,160 --> 01:27:58,080
Speaker 1: so he had money. He entered into frequent public debates

1666
01:27:58,120 --> 01:28:00,439
Speaker 1: with left wing intellectuals where he would say off like this,

1667
01:28:00,880 --> 01:28:03,120
Speaker 1: so again he's a big kind of like Richard Spencer.

1668
01:28:03,160 --> 01:28:04,600
Speaker 1: I will go down and sit down and talk with

1669
01:28:04,640 --> 01:28:06,639
Speaker 1: all of your I'll be very nice, We'll be very polite,

1670
01:28:06,800 --> 01:28:09,280
Speaker 1: and I'll talk about fascism in that way. He's that

1671
01:28:09,439 --> 01:28:13,800
Speaker 1: kind of fascist. Um quote this is this is Jose

1672
01:28:13,880 --> 01:28:15,800
Speaker 1: Antonio from a debate he had with kind of a

1673
01:28:16,320 --> 01:28:19,120
Speaker 1: more liberal guy. The liberal state believes in nothing, not

1674
01:28:19,240 --> 01:28:21,840
Speaker 1: even in itself. It watches with folded arms, is all

1675
01:28:21,920 --> 01:28:24,160
Speaker 1: sorts of experiments, even those aimed at the destruction of

1676
01:28:24,200 --> 01:28:27,200
Speaker 1: the state itself. Fascism was born to light of faith.

1677
01:28:27,520 --> 01:28:29,640
Speaker 1: Neither of the right, which at the bottom aspires to

1678
01:28:29,680 --> 01:28:32,599
Speaker 1: preserve everything, even the unjust, nor of the left, which

1679
01:28:32,640 --> 01:28:35,280
Speaker 1: at the bottom aspires to destroy everything, even the just,

1680
01:28:35,760 --> 01:28:39,599
Speaker 1: but a collective, integral national faith. And you can see

1681
01:28:39,680 --> 01:28:42,040
Speaker 1: why people would be appealed to as for things like

1682
01:28:42,080 --> 01:28:43,920
Speaker 1: we're not right when we're not left wing, they're both bad.

1683
01:28:44,160 --> 01:28:47,960
Speaker 1: Were something different. And he also the thing that all

1684
01:28:48,000 --> 01:28:50,559
Speaker 1: fascists have to do in order to succeed is point

1685
01:28:50,640 --> 01:28:53,400
Speaker 1: out things that are true and problems with the system,

1686
01:28:53,400 --> 01:28:55,920
Speaker 1: and he does. The liberal state believes in nothing, not

1687
01:28:56,080 --> 01:29:00,200
Speaker 1: even in itself. You know, that's a good, true statement. Aod,

1688
01:29:00,479 --> 01:29:05,120
Speaker 1: that's good. Yeah, yeah, and that's part of why again,

1689
01:29:05,200 --> 01:29:06,920
Speaker 1: that's part of what he does. Succeed in bringing in

1690
01:29:07,040 --> 01:29:10,040
Speaker 1: some people from the left to the fascists and converting people, um,

1691
01:29:10,160 --> 01:29:11,560
Speaker 1: and at least in getting a lot of them to

1692
01:29:11,600 --> 01:29:13,080
Speaker 1: be like, well, he's not that, he's not as bad

1693
01:29:13,120 --> 01:29:14,599
Speaker 1: as the state. You know, a lot of people will

1694
01:29:14,640 --> 01:29:16,640
Speaker 1: say that in July of night, and a lot of

1695
01:29:16,640 --> 01:29:18,680
Speaker 1: people don't. By the way, anarchists murder eight we'll talk

1696
01:29:18,680 --> 01:29:20,840
Speaker 1: about this bart to murder a funkload of fascists in

1697
01:29:20,880 --> 01:29:22,679
Speaker 1: this period. So when I say a number of people

1698
01:29:22,720 --> 01:29:24,400
Speaker 1: on the left are like, well, he's not as bad

1699
01:29:24,439 --> 01:29:26,200
Speaker 1: as the state, a lot of people not like no,

1700
01:29:26,360 --> 01:29:28,080
Speaker 1: they're bad and we have to start shooting them to

1701
01:29:28,120 --> 01:29:31,080
Speaker 1: death now, So like, yeah, let's not. It's a lot

1702
01:29:31,360 --> 01:29:34,400
Speaker 1: lots going on. Um, you said in the beginning, this

1703
01:29:34,560 --> 01:29:38,840
Speaker 1: is messy. Yeah. Yeah. In July of nineteen thirty four,

1704
01:29:38,880 --> 01:29:41,080
Speaker 1: the John Ceast has launched an attack on the Madrid

1705
01:29:41,240 --> 01:29:44,080
Speaker 1: offices of the Friends of the USS are damaging the

1706
01:29:44,160 --> 01:29:48,000
Speaker 1: offices and threatening people with pistols. This caused a government

1707
01:29:48,080 --> 01:29:51,439
Speaker 1: crackdown both on the fascists and on the anarchists, arresting

1708
01:29:51,520 --> 01:29:54,840
Speaker 1: some three thousand people nationwide. Again, like we'll probably about

1709
01:29:54,880 --> 01:29:57,280
Speaker 1: to see this is what the government does, like you know,

1710
01:29:57,439 --> 01:30:00,400
Speaker 1: I mean in fairness, like right now, the anarchists are

1711
01:30:00,479 --> 01:30:03,880
Speaker 1: not doing much other than standing outside of buildings and

1712
01:30:03,960 --> 01:30:08,479
Speaker 1: breaking windows and this they were gunning people down. So yeah, yeah, um,

1713
01:30:09,000 --> 01:30:10,920
Speaker 1: it's yeah. I don't want to like try to make

1714
01:30:11,000 --> 01:30:13,080
Speaker 1: the case that Spanish history is exactly, but like you,

1715
01:30:13,280 --> 01:30:16,080
Speaker 1: I think there are useful parallels. So one of the

1716
01:30:16,160 --> 01:30:19,679
Speaker 1: things again, Spanish police did arrest more fascists and more willing,

1717
01:30:19,720 --> 01:30:21,880
Speaker 1: were more willing to um than other members of the

1718
01:30:21,960 --> 01:30:24,240
Speaker 1: left or the members of the left at this point. Um.

1719
01:30:24,320 --> 01:30:26,960
Speaker 1: And in fact, the first two years of Jose Antonio's movement,

1720
01:30:27,000 --> 01:30:30,439
Speaker 1: anarchists assassinated and gunned down and stabbed a funkload of

1721
01:30:30,520 --> 01:30:34,240
Speaker 1: fascists and brawls and outside of speeches. Um. Now, Jose

1722
01:30:34,360 --> 01:30:38,000
Speaker 1: Antonio was fairly unique among fascists, both in that he

1723
01:30:38,080 --> 01:30:40,920
Speaker 1: had genuinely warm and respectful relationships with a lot of

1724
01:30:41,000 --> 01:30:44,240
Speaker 1: left wing politicians and that he seemed to a poor violence. Uh.

1725
01:30:44,400 --> 01:30:47,000
Speaker 1: This was a problem for his young party and we'll

1726
01:30:47,000 --> 01:30:49,879
Speaker 1: talk about that more in part two now. In October

1727
01:30:49,920 --> 01:30:52,880
Speaker 1: of nineteen thirty four, Jose Antonio traveled to Spain for

1728
01:30:53,000 --> 01:30:55,920
Speaker 1: a brief meeting with Mussolini and to tour a fascist state.

1729
01:30:56,360 --> 01:30:59,240
Speaker 1: He found it inspiring, and he wrote, Fascism is not

1730
01:30:59,360 --> 01:31:01,919
Speaker 1: just in a Talian movement. It is a total universal

1731
01:31:02,040 --> 01:31:04,680
Speaker 1: sense of life. Italy was the first to apply it.

1732
01:31:04,800 --> 01:31:06,600
Speaker 1: But it is not the concept of the state as

1733
01:31:06,640 --> 01:31:09,320
Speaker 1: an instrument in the service of a permanent historical mission

1734
01:31:09,400 --> 01:31:12,280
Speaker 1: valid outside of Italy. Who can say that such goals

1735
01:31:12,320 --> 01:31:16,759
Speaker 1: are only valuable for Italians. He returned from Italy eager

1736
01:31:16,840 --> 01:31:18,680
Speaker 1: to make and so again the John Ceased is the

1737
01:31:18,680 --> 01:31:20,240
Speaker 1: other chunk of the fascist movement. Are like, we don't

1738
01:31:20,240 --> 01:31:22,680
Speaker 1: want to do it a fascism, Italian fascism because we

1739
01:31:22,840 --> 01:31:25,760
Speaker 1: were Spanish Spain. Yeah. Jose Antonio is like, no, no, no.

1740
01:31:25,840 --> 01:31:28,320
Speaker 1: Fascism is a global thing and it appeals to all

1741
01:31:28,400 --> 01:31:31,040
Speaker 1: of us. And he returns from Spain eager to make

1742
01:31:31,120 --> 01:31:33,280
Speaker 1: a deal with the Jones Ceistas in order to emerge

1743
01:31:33,360 --> 01:31:36,240
Speaker 1: both movements. He recognizes, your propaganda is better. I have

1744
01:31:36,400 --> 01:31:38,880
Speaker 1: more people, I've got I'm better at like organizing the

1745
01:31:38,960 --> 01:31:42,040
Speaker 1: street movement. If we work together, we can bring fascism

1746
01:31:42,120 --> 01:31:45,760
Speaker 1: to Spain. In early November, both groups of fascists came

1747
01:31:45,840 --> 01:31:48,360
Speaker 1: to an agreement. They initially wanted to use the name

1748
01:31:48,479 --> 01:31:53,240
Speaker 1: Fascismo espaniol but decided to change this to Falange Espaniola,

1749
01:31:53,439 --> 01:31:57,479
Speaker 1: which means Spanish fay links. The Phalanges would in time

1750
01:31:57,640 --> 01:32:00,160
Speaker 1: go on to earn a terrible and bloody reputation in

1751
01:32:00,240 --> 01:32:02,880
Speaker 1: Spanish history, but that it's going to be in Part

1752
01:32:02,920 --> 01:32:11,000
Speaker 1: two A lot of history. Oh man, this is dope. One.

1753
01:32:11,120 --> 01:32:15,240
Speaker 1: It's like for every uh, I love the like for

1754
01:32:15,360 --> 01:32:18,040
Speaker 1: every kid that you know, either it's set next to

1755
01:32:18,200 --> 01:32:20,519
Speaker 1: or was the little stoner kid that was like drawing

1756
01:32:20,600 --> 01:32:23,920
Speaker 1: the anarchist a on their folder in high school. That

1757
01:32:24,040 --> 01:32:26,960
Speaker 1: was just like no rules, Like no, it's a it's

1758
01:32:27,000 --> 01:32:31,040
Speaker 1: a real thing. It's yeah, it's an ideology. It's not

1759
01:32:31,200 --> 01:32:35,680
Speaker 1: just you not getting suspended for you know, slapping a kid.

1760
01:32:36,200 --> 01:32:39,680
Speaker 1: It's a real thing. It's a way to organize the

1761
01:32:39,800 --> 01:32:43,320
Speaker 1: world in society. That in a bunch of different ideas, right,

1762
01:32:43,360 --> 01:32:45,639
Speaker 1: the anarchist syndicalists have one. There's a lot of different

1763
01:32:46,280 --> 01:32:49,680
Speaker 1: added and there are also anarchists like an arco primitivists

1764
01:32:49,720 --> 01:32:52,120
Speaker 1: and stuff. Who don't want to or who like want

1765
01:32:52,200 --> 01:32:54,160
Speaker 1: to go back to them. More like there's a bunch

1766
01:32:54,200 --> 01:32:57,280
Speaker 1: of ship within anarchy. Yeah, but it's not you with

1767
01:32:57,360 --> 01:33:00,160
Speaker 1: your little drawing, your little a on your skateboard, you know,

1768
01:33:00,240 --> 01:33:03,599
Speaker 1: a little shits. That's how it starts. And I will

1769
01:33:03,640 --> 01:33:05,519
Speaker 1: say I've seen a lot of people in Portland do

1770
01:33:05,720 --> 01:33:08,760
Speaker 1: very interesting things with skateboards, a lot of teenage anarchists

1771
01:33:08,840 --> 01:33:10,880
Speaker 1: this year. That's that's how it starts for some people,

1772
01:33:11,000 --> 01:33:13,360
Speaker 1: you know. Okay, okay, okay, that's if that's if that's

1773
01:33:13,400 --> 01:33:17,320
Speaker 1: the entry. It's deeper than that. There's a lot going on,

1774
01:33:17,600 --> 01:33:19,600
Speaker 1: you know, And it's just like, this doesn't mean that

1775
01:33:19,640 --> 01:33:22,600
Speaker 1: you never have to read again. You have to. You

1776
01:33:22,760 --> 01:33:27,240
Speaker 1: have to read a lot, okay, you know. Yeah, yeah,

1777
01:33:27,640 --> 01:33:30,280
Speaker 1: I named him Chad. I'm sorry, Yeah, yeah, that's yeah.

1778
01:33:30,560 --> 01:33:32,760
Speaker 1: I think I think we could stand to convert more

1779
01:33:32,800 --> 01:33:37,800
Speaker 1: of the Chad's um. Anyway. This has been part one,

1780
01:33:38,120 --> 01:33:40,320
Speaker 1: the birth of Spanish Fascism. In part two, we're going

1781
01:33:40,360 --> 01:33:42,479
Speaker 1: to talk about the Spanish Civil War, which is one

1782
01:33:42,560 --> 01:33:45,120
Speaker 1: of the most fascinating and important pieces of history that

1783
01:33:45,200 --> 01:33:49,160
Speaker 1: almost no one knows a goddamn thing about. Um talkingrustrating,

1784
01:33:49,280 --> 01:33:52,560
Speaker 1: it's very so frustrating. People don't know about this. You know,

1785
01:33:52,840 --> 01:33:54,519
Speaker 1: so many few people know that, like the author of

1786
01:33:55,439 --> 01:33:59,559
Speaker 1: George Orwell traveled to Spain on the premise that every

1787
01:33:59,640 --> 01:34:02,880
Speaker 1: single decent person should kill one fascist, and then it

1788
01:34:03,040 --> 01:34:06,519
Speaker 1: killed a punch of fascists with grenades. George Orwell was

1789
01:34:06,600 --> 01:34:09,920
Speaker 1: incredible with grenades. He all the different kinds of grenades.

1790
01:34:09,960 --> 01:34:12,800
Speaker 1: He killed a lot of people with grenades. He got

1791
01:34:12,880 --> 01:34:17,599
Speaker 1: shot in the throat. Oh my god. Yeah, I'm gonna

1792
01:34:17,600 --> 01:34:20,160
Speaker 1: give you this as another piece of trivia that has

1793
01:34:20,240 --> 01:34:23,680
Speaker 1: to do with the another hip hop trivia. Um that

1794
01:34:23,840 --> 01:34:25,960
Speaker 1: you this good Easter egg for your listener and then

1795
01:34:26,120 --> 01:34:28,360
Speaker 1: for you just I think you might find this interesting

1796
01:34:28,479 --> 01:34:30,840
Speaker 1: and pull this out one day when you're drinking with friends.

1797
01:34:31,760 --> 01:34:36,680
Speaker 1: Um iced tea, the not the drink. But yeah, yeah yeah.

1798
01:34:36,800 --> 01:34:39,640
Speaker 1: Rapper became the actor in Law and Order, the guy

1799
01:34:39,720 --> 01:34:42,519
Speaker 1: that made an album called cop Killer and became a

1800
01:34:42,600 --> 01:34:48,000
Speaker 1: cop on TV. Yeah, you greatest hustle ever. Anyway, there's

1801
01:34:48,040 --> 01:34:52,719
Speaker 1: this story he tells that about when he was getting

1802
01:34:52,920 --> 01:34:58,639
Speaker 1: his record deal and he the as as the legend goes,

1803
01:34:58,800 --> 01:35:03,120
Speaker 1: he never played one song for the people he that

1804
01:35:03,280 --> 01:35:06,000
Speaker 1: signed him for his first record deal, right, and they

1805
01:35:06,080 --> 01:35:09,439
Speaker 1: were like, how are you going to do this? How

1806
01:35:09,479 --> 01:35:10,840
Speaker 1: are we gonna Why would you sign if we haven't

1807
01:35:10,840 --> 01:35:12,640
Speaker 1: heard any music. He goes, hey, if you're selling a

1808
01:35:12,720 --> 01:35:16,720
Speaker 1: box of grenades, if I blow up a grenade, I

1809
01:35:16,800 --> 01:35:18,559
Speaker 1: need to blow up a grenade for you to see,

1810
01:35:18,640 --> 01:35:20,800
Speaker 1: for you to know that they're good. Like, I can't

1811
01:35:20,840 --> 01:35:22,479
Speaker 1: blow it up because then you won't buy them. They

1812
01:35:22,520 --> 01:35:26,960
Speaker 1: already done. And then the guy was like, man, that's yeah,

1813
01:35:27,160 --> 01:35:29,880
Speaker 1: so I see. And the guy was like, it's actually

1814
01:35:29,920 --> 01:35:32,840
Speaker 1: a good point. And then he goes, what made you

1815
01:35:32,920 --> 01:35:34,879
Speaker 1: think of that? He goes, why I used to sell grenades?

1816
01:35:41,920 --> 01:35:45,000
Speaker 1: And I totally believe that he was around South Central

1817
01:35:45,080 --> 01:35:49,960
Speaker 1: selling your nates. I would never call iced Te a

1818
01:35:50,000 --> 01:35:54,439
Speaker 1: liar for saying that he sold grenades. Absolutely not. He

1819
01:35:54,560 --> 01:35:56,400
Speaker 1: comes from a you know, you've got your eras of

1820
01:35:56,479 --> 01:35:59,320
Speaker 1: gangster rap where they're just talking, and then you've got

1821
01:35:59,360 --> 01:36:01,120
Speaker 1: your era of gangs rappords like, no, you did all

1822
01:36:01,160 --> 01:36:04,360
Speaker 1: of the things you're talking about. This. This is why

1823
01:36:04,439 --> 01:36:07,280
Speaker 1: you're not in jails, because there was a period of

1824
01:36:07,400 --> 01:36:09,160
Speaker 1: time for you where you were like, it was a

1825
01:36:09,240 --> 01:36:15,280
Speaker 1: good day because I didn't have to use my These

1826
01:36:15,320 --> 01:36:18,800
Speaker 1: are stories, y'all. Yeah, yeah, that's why most of them

1827
01:36:18,920 --> 01:36:25,000
Speaker 1: didn't make it very long. Y Yeah, all right, Well,

1828
01:36:25,800 --> 01:36:31,080
Speaker 1: in preparation for the Spanish Civil War, which is pretty gangster, listen,

1829
01:36:31,240 --> 01:36:33,439
Speaker 1: listen to some old school iced tea, you know, and

1830
01:36:33,520 --> 01:36:36,200
Speaker 1: then watch the Law and Order, you know, really embrace

1831
01:36:36,320 --> 01:36:39,160
Speaker 1: the hypocrisy that we all embody at some point. At

1832
01:36:39,280 --> 01:36:41,479
Speaker 1: some point, you don't need to watch the iced Tea

1833
01:36:41,520 --> 01:36:44,840
Speaker 1: and cocoa reality show though I am not recommending that,

1834
01:36:47,080 --> 01:36:48,479
Speaker 1: but a little bit of Law in Order. You know,

1835
01:36:48,760 --> 01:36:53,160
Speaker 1: it's whatever it's on literally at all times. Yeah, it's

1836
01:36:53,200 --> 01:36:56,080
Speaker 1: a lot like it's a lot like Heroin. You know, Um,

1837
01:36:56,479 --> 01:36:59,720
Speaker 1: it's probably not going to kill you, um, but it's

1838
01:36:59,760 --> 01:37:03,280
Speaker 1: bad for you. Every episode of Laundered Spue, I'm not

1839
01:37:03,479 --> 01:37:09,599
Speaker 1: ashamed at all every episode because it's on at any

1840
01:37:09,680 --> 01:37:13,799
Speaker 1: given time of a day. Yeah, exactly. My mom's nospel.

1841
01:37:14,040 --> 01:37:18,879
Speaker 1: We watched every episode because it was always on every episode.

1842
01:37:19,400 --> 01:37:22,240
Speaker 1: There's a belief in some Aboriginal Australian cultures and this

1843
01:37:22,320 --> 01:37:25,280
Speaker 1: is kind of where the um, what is the long

1844
01:37:25,360 --> 01:37:30,360
Speaker 1: tube that they blow? Ever? No, no, no, the the

1845
01:37:30,439 --> 01:37:32,479
Speaker 1: did you reid? That the dig red ties into this

1846
01:37:32,600 --> 01:37:35,880
Speaker 1: that like you always have to be someone always has

1847
01:37:35,960 --> 01:37:38,519
Speaker 1: to be playing music because you sing the world into being,

1848
01:37:38,560 --> 01:37:40,680
Speaker 1: and if the music stops, the world ends. And I

1849
01:37:40,800 --> 01:37:42,960
Speaker 1: have adopted as a religious belief that with law and

1850
01:37:43,120 --> 01:37:47,760
Speaker 1: order SVU where it's playing somewhere, the world can continue.

1851
01:37:47,800 --> 01:37:50,200
Speaker 1: I think that's how we ended up with Trump. Everybody

1852
01:37:50,280 --> 01:37:53,040
Speaker 1: turned off the TV one day in order to stop

1853
01:37:53,160 --> 01:37:56,320
Speaker 1: playing one hour without law and order and everything. Which

1854
01:37:56,439 --> 01:38:04,800
Speaker 1: ship all right? Well, this this has been a part

1855
01:38:04,880 --> 01:38:09,280
Speaker 1: one of our two partner of Behind the Insurrections on

1856
01:38:09,760 --> 01:38:13,439
Speaker 1: the Spanish Fascist Franko Civil War. We're we'll talk about

1857
01:38:13,479 --> 01:38:16,040
Speaker 1: Spanish Civil War in part two, and then next week

1858
01:38:16,080 --> 01:38:19,120
Speaker 1: we're going to talk about the Fascists who failed UM,

1859
01:38:19,200 --> 01:38:21,120
Speaker 1: and we're gonna talk about we're gonna get a little

1860
01:38:21,120 --> 01:38:23,360
Speaker 1: overview of some anti fascist history you might not know.

1861
01:38:23,400 --> 01:38:26,040
Speaker 1: We're gonna close out with antifa UM and some fun

1862
01:38:26,160 --> 01:38:29,200
Speaker 1: stuff like the the idolist pirates UM, which we're a

1863
01:38:29,240 --> 01:38:34,120
Speaker 1: little kids who murdered Nazis is great fucking rad Alright,

1864
01:38:34,640 --> 01:38:40,040
Speaker 1: here we go listen to some iced tea. That's the episode.

1865
01:38:43,439 --> 01:38:46,439
Speaker 1: Look for your children's eyes and you will discover the

1866
01:38:46,560 --> 01:38:50,160
Speaker 1: true magic of a forest. Find a forest near you

1867
01:38:50,439 --> 01:38:53,920
Speaker 1: and start exploring it. Discover the Forest dot org brought

1868
01:38:53,960 --> 01:38:56,040
Speaker 1: to you by the United States Forest Service and the

1869
01:38:56,120 --> 01:39:00,360
Speaker 1: AD Council. What girls in the forest, I imagine nation

1870
01:39:00,680 --> 01:39:04,760
Speaker 1: and our family bonds. The forest is closer than you think.

1871
01:39:05,160 --> 01:39:07,880
Speaker 1: Find a forest near you and discover the Forest dot

1872
01:39:08,000 --> 01:39:10,799
Speaker 1: Org brought to you by the United States For Service

1873
01:39:10,880 --> 01:39:14,160
Speaker 1: and the AD Council. You always had the feeling that

1874
01:39:14,240 --> 01:39:17,760
Speaker 1: there's something strange about reality. According to the Stuff to

1875
01:39:17,840 --> 01:39:20,960
Speaker 1: Blow Your Mind podcast, there is. On the show, post

1876
01:39:21,120 --> 01:39:25,879
Speaker 1: Robert Lamb and Joe McCormick examine neurological quandaries, cosmic mysteries,

1877
01:39:26,040 --> 01:39:30,160
Speaker 1: evolutionary marvels, and much more. Prosthetics are true testaments to

1878
01:39:30,280 --> 01:39:32,960
Speaker 1: not only human craftsmanship and ingenuity, but also to the

1879
01:39:33,040 --> 01:39:35,639
Speaker 1: plasticity of the human brain. Listen to Stuff to Blow

1880
01:39:35,680 --> 01:39:37,680
Speaker 1: Your Mind on the I Heart Radio appor wherever you

1881
01:39:37,760 --> 01:39:39,640
Speaker 1: get your podcasts. Brought to you by doc dot Go.

1882
01:39:39,840 --> 01:39:42,080
Speaker 1: Protect your privacy online for free with dot dot go