1
00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:01,640
Speaker 1: This is a big web for you.

2
00:00:01,760 --> 00:00:04,480
Speaker 2: I mean, on yesterday you announced the largest budget ever

3
00:00:04,600 --> 00:00:07,840
Speaker 2: to save and improve lives globally, unless you're a little

4
00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:09,200
Speaker 2: bit frustrated.

5
00:00:08,680 --> 00:00:11,680
Speaker 1: That not many people think about health. Why.

6
00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:16,120
Speaker 3: Health is pretty central to the human condition.

7
00:00:16,600 --> 00:00:20,599
Speaker 4: If you go back over one hundred years, about a

8
00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:23,760
Speaker 4: third of all kids died before the age of five,

9
00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:29,760
Speaker 4: and in rich countries, those numbers went down. By the

10
00:00:29,800 --> 00:00:33,600
Speaker 4: turn of the century, we had gotten to where about

11
00:00:33,640 --> 00:00:38,520
Speaker 4: ten million kids died every year under the age of five,

12
00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:43,600
Speaker 4: and mostly in poor countries, partly because the death rates

13
00:00:43,800 --> 00:00:47,000
Speaker 4: were twenty times higher there and because a lot of

14
00:00:47,040 --> 00:00:51,280
Speaker 4: the births were there. And this is one of the

15
00:00:51,280 --> 00:00:54,920
Speaker 4: great stories ever, is how we use things like gobby

16
00:00:55,040 --> 00:01:00,520
Speaker 4: that was introduced here at Davos to get out vaccines

17
00:01:00,560 --> 00:01:03,960
Speaker 4: all the world's children and cut that down below five

18
00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:08,920
Speaker 4: million a year so it had visibility. It was a

19
00:01:08,959 --> 00:01:12,560
Speaker 4: priority in funding. It's a priority in terms of innovation,

20
00:01:13,840 --> 00:01:18,000
Speaker 4: and that's the Gates Foundation's primary area today. You know,

21
00:01:18,040 --> 00:01:21,000
Speaker 4: we do face some headwinds, not on the innovation side.

22
00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:24,000
Speaker 4: The innovation side, we've got AI. We have many new

23
00:01:24,040 --> 00:01:28,480
Speaker 4: tools coming, but they actually funding for delivery. You know,

24
00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:32,360
Speaker 4: AID budgets are flat overall, So that means the amount

25
00:01:32,360 --> 00:01:35,280
Speaker 4: of money for health in Africa is going down quite

26
00:01:35,319 --> 00:01:39,240
Speaker 4: a bit as other topics come up. You'd hope that

27
00:01:39,280 --> 00:01:43,440
Speaker 4: as people say, hey, here's new money for climate or

28
00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:47,760
Speaker 4: some other cause, that you know, they'd maintain their commitment

29
00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:52,240
Speaker 4: to the high impact interventions. We'll see as we raise

30
00:01:52,280 --> 00:01:54,880
Speaker 4: money for Gobby, you know, can we get an increase,

31
00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:58,559
Speaker 4: can we stay flat? Or is the most impactful aid

32
00:01:58,640 --> 00:02:02,200
Speaker 4: in the world pushing us for that five million to

33
00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:06,200
Speaker 4: go back up instead of what if we really are vigilant,

34
00:02:07,640 --> 00:02:09,799
Speaker 4: sometime in the twenty thirties, we'll be able to get

35
00:02:09,800 --> 00:02:11,600
Speaker 4: that down to two and a half million.

36
00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:13,560
Speaker 1: But why is that so hard?

37
00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:16,080
Speaker 2: And again is it because people of perception is that

38
00:02:16,160 --> 00:02:18,680
Speaker 2: there are other crises that they need to fight and

39
00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:21,480
Speaker 2: so this goes down the priority list.

40
00:02:22,040 --> 00:02:25,399
Speaker 4: Well, you know, the first thing that would be ideal

41
00:02:26,120 --> 00:02:31,040
Speaker 4: is if countries would get two point seven percent in

42
00:02:31,080 --> 00:02:33,560
Speaker 4: their aid budget, and then you would have room for

43
00:02:34,240 --> 00:02:39,200
Speaker 4: Ukraine and climate and education and vaccines. You know, we'd

44
00:02:39,200 --> 00:02:42,760
Speaker 4: be in great shape. People were at that point seven percent,

45
00:02:44,280 --> 00:02:47,760
Speaker 4: and so the Gates Foundation is the biggest advocate for

46
00:02:48,360 --> 00:02:51,359
Speaker 4: overall generosity there and then making sure the health portion,

47
00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:54,720
Speaker 4: which is very high impact, to make sure that that's

48
00:02:54,760 --> 00:02:57,919
Speaker 4: well spent and that the voters who get behind that

49
00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:02,360
Speaker 4: feel good about. Okay, your responsibles for this result with

50
00:03:02,480 --> 00:03:07,960
Speaker 4: only a tiny tiny portion of your budget. And there

51
00:03:07,960 --> 00:03:15,200
Speaker 4: are not only humanitarian benefits, stability, economy, environment huge benefits

52
00:03:15,240 --> 00:03:17,960
Speaker 4: because as we make the world healthy, that's where you

53
00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:22,919
Speaker 4: get the population growth actually gets to a steady state.

54
00:03:23,200 --> 00:03:25,120
Speaker 1: So what do you want to focus on in health?

55
00:03:25,120 --> 00:03:27,959
Speaker 2: And we have some actually pretty incredible gadgets that use

56
00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:32,520
Speaker 2: also AI to scan for example, when females are pregnant,

57
00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:35,000
Speaker 2: whether the baby is okay, But in the next two

58
00:03:35,000 --> 00:03:37,120
Speaker 2: to three years, like what would your priorities be.

59
00:03:38,080 --> 00:03:42,720
Speaker 4: Well, I've been amazed at the speed of innovation and

60
00:03:42,760 --> 00:03:46,760
Speaker 4: that's even before now. We'll use AI tools to design

61
00:03:46,800 --> 00:03:50,400
Speaker 4: new vaccines and get it the very toughest problems, like

62
00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:55,480
Speaker 4: getting a grade HIV vaccine. This is a device that

63
00:03:55,560 --> 00:04:00,800
Speaker 4: will cost one thousand dollars or less and we connected

64
00:04:00,880 --> 00:04:06,440
Speaker 4: to AI software and so the cost per delivery is

65
00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:09,280
Speaker 4: less than a dollar. Where you scan and you see

66
00:04:09,760 --> 00:04:12,840
Speaker 4: is there anything about the cord or the ambiotic sac

67
00:04:14,160 --> 00:04:17,240
Speaker 4: that that woman is likely going to need a c section?

68
00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:21,520
Speaker 4: And so we funded looking at tens of thousands of

69
00:04:21,560 --> 00:04:25,440
Speaker 4: pregnancies and showed the AI here, this one came out normal,

70
00:04:25,560 --> 00:04:28,600
Speaker 4: this one came out abnormal. And so it's even better

71
00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:32,400
Speaker 4: than the best human at doing that prediction. And so

72
00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:36,159
Speaker 4: you know, even in rural Africa, you connect this to

73
00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:39,080
Speaker 4: a cell phone, you do the scan tells you what

74
00:04:39,200 --> 00:04:42,559
Speaker 4: you need to know, and that would cut maternal deaths

75
00:04:42,839 --> 00:04:47,080
Speaker 4: in half if we made it broadly available.

76
00:04:47,240 --> 00:04:49,440
Speaker 2: And so what's the challenge in making And I've seen pictures.

77
00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:51,039
Speaker 2: I mean it's incredible. You can really hook it up

78
00:04:51,080 --> 00:04:53,760
Speaker 2: to an iPad and you can kind of see even

79
00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:56,440
Speaker 2: when there's like, you know, a nurse in a village

80
00:04:56,680 --> 00:04:59,960
Speaker 2: of like ten females. What's the challenge in getting the

81
00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:01,680
Speaker 2: to the right place at scale?

82
00:05:02,080 --> 00:05:05,200
Speaker 4: Well, we had to spend hundreds of millions of dollars

83
00:05:05,480 --> 00:05:08,360
Speaker 4: to invent this, and now it's going through the regulatory

84
00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:13,239
Speaker 4: process and that's also very expensive. Sadly, there's no natural

85
00:05:13,279 --> 00:05:15,760
Speaker 4: market for this. You know, the people who benefit from

86
00:05:15,839 --> 00:05:19,760
Speaker 4: it have very little money. So the normal market mechanism

87
00:05:19,880 --> 00:05:23,600
Speaker 4: of is this a priority for the innovation agenda? Without

88
00:05:24,279 --> 00:05:28,920
Speaker 4: government's being Jennerson philanthropy, it just never happens, but it's

89
00:05:28,960 --> 00:05:33,520
Speaker 4: coming together. I was in Kenya seeing the work and

90
00:05:33,839 --> 00:05:35,919
Speaker 4: you know, we'll get it out there. We have partnerships

91
00:05:35,960 --> 00:05:40,280
Speaker 4: with lots of the ultrasound companies, including Phillips, who if

92
00:05:40,320 --> 00:05:43,159
Speaker 4: we fund it, they work with us very well.

93
00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:46,680
Speaker 2: And this is an HPV single dose, so you basically

94
00:05:46,680 --> 00:05:49,280
Speaker 2: have a backpack of good use that saves lives.

95
00:05:49,360 --> 00:05:51,040
Speaker 3: Yeah, there's a ton of this stuff.

96
00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:57,200
Speaker 4: And here with HPV we did something pretty amazing. We

97
00:05:57,320 --> 00:05:59,440
Speaker 4: brought the costs of the vaccine down by bringing a

98
00:05:59,480 --> 00:06:03,240
Speaker 4: lot of manu factors in people like serum, some Chinese manufacturers.

99
00:06:03,240 --> 00:06:07,800
Speaker 4: But we also did something that was very expensive and risky,

100
00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:10,160
Speaker 4: as we went out and really studied women.

101
00:06:09,960 --> 00:06:11,560
Speaker 3: Who'd only gotten one dose of the.

102
00:06:11,560 --> 00:06:14,960
Speaker 4: Vaccine and showed that they were as protected as well

103
00:06:14,960 --> 00:06:17,960
Speaker 4: as people who'd had two or three doses. And that

104
00:06:18,160 --> 00:06:21,880
Speaker 4: means that given that, you know, the vaccine budget is

105
00:06:21,960 --> 00:06:26,400
Speaker 4: super limited, because now we're at single dose, which over

106
00:06:26,440 --> 00:06:30,440
Speaker 4: twenty countries have adopted, we can protect twice as many

107
00:06:30,480 --> 00:06:35,559
Speaker 4: women with our very limited resources as we could when

108
00:06:36,560 --> 00:06:38,040
Speaker 4: the view was that you had to get out there

109
00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:40,720
Speaker 4: with two doses, and you know it's not you know,

110
00:06:40,760 --> 00:06:45,200
Speaker 4: who's motivated to spend tens of millions of dollars and I

111
00:06:45,279 --> 00:06:49,000
Speaker 4: prove something like that. It just you know, there's no

112
00:06:49,160 --> 00:06:53,480
Speaker 4: market mechanism that ever proves you need less doses.

113
00:06:53,760 --> 00:06:57,359
Speaker 2: But politician, are they listening? So we have multiple crises.

114
00:06:57,400 --> 00:07:00,680
Speaker 2: It's wars, it's climate change, it's inflation. I mean it

115
00:07:00,680 --> 00:07:03,719
Speaker 2: has healthcare worldwide really dropped off the list when you

116
00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:04,760
Speaker 2: speak to world leaders.

117
00:07:05,240 --> 00:07:08,000
Speaker 4: Well, when we raised money for Global Fund a year ago,

118
00:07:08,200 --> 00:07:11,160
Speaker 4: we actually end up with a little bit less money,

119
00:07:12,440 --> 00:07:16,360
Speaker 4: which is tragic. As we raise and Global Fund works

120
00:07:16,400 --> 00:07:22,840
Speaker 4: on TB malaria and HIV, as we raise money for gobby.

121
00:07:23,040 --> 00:07:27,640
Speaker 4: At the end of this year, as we see, does

122
00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:31,280
Speaker 4: the US maintain its commitment to its AHAV work, which

123
00:07:31,320 --> 00:07:34,400
Speaker 4: is both its PEP far bilateral work, and it's by

124
00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:37,240
Speaker 4: far the largest donor twenty five percent of the Global Fund.

125
00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:42,120
Speaker 4: We'll see these, you know, high high impact saving lives

126
00:07:42,160 --> 00:07:45,640
Speaker 4: for less than one thousand dollars per life saved. If

127
00:07:45,800 --> 00:07:49,440
Speaker 4: in the face of things that you know are not

128
00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:55,200
Speaker 4: as dramatic, you know, those are getting more attention. You know,

129
00:07:55,480 --> 00:07:58,640
Speaker 4: if we had held a meeting on global health, I

130
00:07:58,680 --> 00:08:00,960
Speaker 4: don't think we'd get seventy thousand some people to come.

131
00:08:01,280 --> 00:08:04,520
Speaker 4: You know, we work hard to get seven hundred people

132
00:08:04,560 --> 00:08:08,440
Speaker 4: to come. And yet if you want people to be

133
00:08:09,560 --> 00:08:13,160
Speaker 4: dealing with climate change, making sure a kid has good

134
00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:17,720
Speaker 4: nutrition is by far more impactful because then even if

135
00:08:17,760 --> 00:08:21,320
Speaker 4: there's a little bit more malaria or a little bit

136
00:08:21,320 --> 00:08:25,119
Speaker 4: more heat, that's what makes them incredibly resilient. And yet

137
00:08:25,520 --> 00:08:30,880
Speaker 4: that nutrition research and investments they're not counted in this quota. Okay,

138
00:08:30,960 --> 00:08:35,800
Speaker 4: let's shift the money and global health is a little

139
00:08:35,800 --> 00:08:37,679
Speaker 4: bit off the radar screen right now.

140
00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:40,800
Speaker 2: So you've really made healthcare your life's work. And I

141
00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:42,520
Speaker 2: think this morning you said, look, you're a little bit

142
00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:44,240
Speaker 2: jealous of the attention of Copp.

143
00:08:44,920 --> 00:08:46,920
Speaker 3: Well, I'm involved in climate change as well.

144
00:08:46,960 --> 00:08:49,640
Speaker 4: I'm actually the you know, I do more philanthropy for

145
00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:54,120
Speaker 4: climate change than anyone else does. I fund more private companies.

146
00:08:54,200 --> 00:08:57,840
Speaker 4: It's a very important issue over the long run. You know,

147
00:08:58,400 --> 00:09:01,800
Speaker 4: as fields mature, you figureigure out how to spend money well.

148
00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:05,480
Speaker 4: And in the year two thousand, global health, we weren't

149
00:09:05,559 --> 00:09:09,640
Speaker 4: doing autopsies. That's the thing the Gates Foundation funds to

150
00:09:09,640 --> 00:09:10,920
Speaker 4: really understand the Brenham disease.

151
00:09:11,000 --> 00:09:12,280
Speaker 3: We weren't gathering the data.

152
00:09:12,320 --> 00:09:15,920
Speaker 4: We fund International health metrics to do that, and the

153
00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:20,040
Speaker 4: donors weren't engaged and working together, and so that's been

154
00:09:20,120 --> 00:09:24,120
Speaker 4: super successful climates at a very early stage, and so

155
00:09:24,240 --> 00:09:27,400
Speaker 4: a lot of these grants are not high impact, not

156
00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:32,160
Speaker 4: very good at measuring it. The innovation agenda there, which

157
00:09:32,200 --> 00:09:37,000
Speaker 4: will also be AI supercharged, is very exciting. So I'm

158
00:09:37,040 --> 00:09:41,320
Speaker 4: actually optimistic about climate health. But for the next ten years,

159
00:09:41,320 --> 00:09:44,240
Speaker 4: where money is going to be so limited, we need

160
00:09:44,920 --> 00:09:48,280
Speaker 4: you know, if you want to care about health climate impacts,

161
00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:51,319
Speaker 4: the health spending should go up, not down.

162
00:09:51,840 --> 00:09:54,280
Speaker 2: Are you worried about elections around the world and the

163
00:09:54,280 --> 00:09:57,800
Speaker 2: fact that actually it could also change our I guess

164
00:09:57,880 --> 00:10:00,360
Speaker 2: dedicational or spending in general towards.

165
00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:03,960
Speaker 4: Yeah, the challenge I talked about is before you factor

166
00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:08,200
Speaker 4: in the potential of having governments that don't really care

167
00:10:08,840 --> 00:10:11,800
Speaker 4: about their role in the world and you know, don't

168
00:10:11,800 --> 00:10:15,360
Speaker 4: want to go forward with the generosity of spirit working

169
00:10:15,400 --> 00:10:19,120
Speaker 4: with others. So that would be you know, for example,

170
00:10:19,160 --> 00:10:23,200
Speaker 4: the US commitment to HIV. If that goes away, you know,

171
00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:25,800
Speaker 4: that's tens of millions of death, So that's really big.

172
00:10:25,840 --> 00:10:29,600
Speaker 4: I mean, that's way more than all the wars put together.

173
00:10:30,360 --> 00:10:33,960
Speaker 2: Can the private companies step in to try and fill

174
00:10:33,960 --> 00:10:34,880
Speaker 2: a potential void.

175
00:10:35,360 --> 00:10:40,400
Speaker 4: They basically know companies can help. They can help with

176
00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:43,600
Speaker 4: the visibility, they can help with the innovation, they can

177
00:10:44,360 --> 00:10:48,080
Speaker 4: there's a lot they can do. But the you know,

178
00:10:48,120 --> 00:10:52,680
Speaker 4: one hundred and thirty billion dollars of aid money that's given,

179
00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:57,199
Speaker 4: we're not going to get the private sector, even philanthropy

180
00:10:57,320 --> 00:11:00,400
Speaker 4: to make up any shortfalls there. It's just the numbers

181
00:11:00,440 --> 00:11:00,959
Speaker 4: don't work.

182
00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:04,240
Speaker 2: Malaria, I mean, this is also a huge topic that

183
00:11:04,360 --> 00:11:05,439
Speaker 2: needs to be addressed well.

184
00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:10,079
Speaker 4: Malaria is you know, when we first got started, of

185
00:11:10,120 --> 00:11:13,800
Speaker 4: those ten million deaths, a million of them we're malaria deaths.

186
00:11:14,360 --> 00:11:18,520
Speaker 4: That's down to a half million. And we have incredible tools.

187
00:11:18,559 --> 00:11:22,280
Speaker 4: We work for example with the chemical companies on bed nets.

188
00:11:22,559 --> 00:11:24,360
Speaker 4: You know, we fund the twials. We have a next

189
00:11:24,360 --> 00:11:27,480
Speaker 4: generation of bed nets that deals with the resistance. We

190
00:11:27,559 --> 00:11:30,640
Speaker 4: have some very incredible tools that will take five years

191
00:11:30,679 --> 00:11:34,800
Speaker 4: to deploy, that called gene drive, that are for decimating

192
00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:41,160
Speaker 4: mosquito populations and used in combination with prophylaxis and treatment,

193
00:11:41,760 --> 00:11:45,680
Speaker 4: we have a chance of reducing the malaria map and

194
00:11:45,760 --> 00:11:50,000
Speaker 4: eventually getting to pull eradication. That's probably a twenty year thing.

195
00:11:50,520 --> 00:11:53,640
Speaker 4: You know, The Lifetime Art Foundation is right about that,

196
00:11:53,840 --> 00:11:58,000
Speaker 4: so you know, we're working on Polio's are bigger radication

197
00:11:58,160 --> 00:12:01,640
Speaker 4: right now, along with some of the neglected diseases like

198
00:12:01,720 --> 00:12:05,440
Speaker 4: guinea worm. But as we succeed in that, you know,

199
00:12:05,480 --> 00:12:10,000
Speaker 4: with malaria, with measles, we need to get rid.

200
00:12:09,920 --> 00:12:10,679
Speaker 3: Of them altogether.

201
00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:13,960
Speaker 2: Is the US, and of course it's a big election year,

202
00:12:14,760 --> 00:12:16,800
Speaker 2: if you know, Donald Trump comes into my house. But

203
00:12:16,840 --> 00:12:20,000
Speaker 2: even under a Biden second administration, what does that mean

204
00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:22,480
Speaker 2: for all of these What does it mean exactly for

205
00:12:22,640 --> 00:12:24,560
Speaker 2: how much they're going to spend on health, how much?

206
00:12:24,760 --> 00:12:27,880
Speaker 1: How will they deal with climate change? And even AI well.

207
00:12:28,080 --> 00:12:33,880
Speaker 4: The US in terms of fostering climate innovation, the IRA

208
00:12:34,760 --> 00:12:36,640
Speaker 4: is the biggest thing that ever happened in the world

209
00:12:36,760 --> 00:12:41,439
Speaker 4: in terms of accelerating climate innovation. And so a lot

210
00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:43,520
Speaker 4: of the companies I'm in over one hundred and twenty

211
00:12:43,520 --> 00:12:47,880
Speaker 4: companies that work on the different areas of emissions, they

212
00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:51,920
Speaker 4: are moving much faster. Some of them couldn't even exist

213
00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:56,600
Speaker 4: without those tax credits, which over time will allow them

214
00:12:56,640 --> 00:12:59,959
Speaker 4: to get green technologies that don't bear what I call

215
00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:04,040
Speaker 4: a green premium, and so you can make cement around

216
00:13:04,080 --> 00:13:08,000
Speaker 4: the world with no emissions but not pay more at first.

217
00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:08,839
Speaker 3: It will cost more.

218
00:13:08,840 --> 00:13:14,200
Speaker 4: And that's why the learning curve tax credits in the

219
00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:18,240
Speaker 4: i RA are so critical to not just solving this

220
00:13:18,360 --> 00:13:21,160
Speaker 4: problem for the US, but solving it for the entire

221
00:13:21,200 --> 00:13:25,319
Speaker 4: world scale up. It matters if those green premiums are

222
00:13:25,320 --> 00:13:28,240
Speaker 4: eliminated or are brought down to be very low. So

223
00:13:28,840 --> 00:13:34,000
Speaker 4: certainly in climate, in caring about the world, voters you know,

224
00:13:34,080 --> 00:13:39,320
Speaker 4: will be somewhat expressing their moral views in terms of

225
00:13:39,360 --> 00:13:44,200
Speaker 4: who who they pick going forward? You know, should should

226
00:13:44,200 --> 00:13:48,800
Speaker 4: the who? And you know, should its work continue? Should

227
00:13:49,160 --> 00:13:50,960
Speaker 4: you know, pep far continue.

228
00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:53,760
Speaker 3: It's a question if.

229
00:13:53,640 --> 00:13:56,679
Speaker 2: The US doesn't fulfill that role or there are other

230
00:13:56,800 --> 00:14:00,719
Speaker 2: countries that can step up, not a chance, not even

231
00:14:00,760 --> 00:14:01,520
Speaker 2: if they come together.

232
00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:07,360
Speaker 4: Oh, I mean the the US is the world's biggest economy.

233
00:14:06,840 --> 00:14:10,400
Speaker 4: The percentage of innovation that it says you and the

234
00:14:10,840 --> 00:14:13,080
Speaker 4: and I. You know, I go to every government and

235
00:14:13,080 --> 00:14:15,520
Speaker 4: I say, please be more generous. But I've never been

236
00:14:15,559 --> 00:14:19,800
Speaker 4: able to say, hey, the US is being selfish. Why

237
00:14:19,800 --> 00:14:22,880
Speaker 4: don't you go to your taxpayers and say, hey, let's

238
00:14:22,880 --> 00:14:26,320
Speaker 4: make up for us selfishness. That pitch has never really

239
00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:29,400
Speaker 4: gotten that much traction.

240
00:14:30,800 --> 00:14:31,560
Speaker 3: So no, the.

241
00:14:33,120 --> 00:14:37,000
Speaker 4: Figure of merit is percentage of DDP point seven percent

242
00:14:37,440 --> 00:14:41,280
Speaker 4: is considered very generous. Only Norway and Sweden or above that.

243
00:14:41,840 --> 00:14:44,360
Speaker 4: You know, Germany's at that level, The UK was at

244
00:14:44,360 --> 00:14:47,520
Speaker 4: that level, went back down to point five. The US

245
00:14:47,640 --> 00:14:51,200
Speaker 4: is at point twenty four, which you know, when Bush

246
00:14:51,240 --> 00:14:54,080
Speaker 4: came into office, we were at point one. The biggest

247
00:14:54,200 --> 00:14:59,560
Speaker 4: increase in my lifetime was during Presidence Bush administration. He

248
00:14:59,680 --> 00:15:04,000
Speaker 4: did a malaria program. Both of the HIV program is

249
00:15:04,040 --> 00:15:08,200
Speaker 4: pretty incredible, and that's been maintained on a bipartisan basis.

250
00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:12,920
Speaker 4: It's only now that we see at being attacked.

251
00:15:13,640 --> 00:15:15,600
Speaker 3: You know, so it hangs in the balance.

252
00:15:15,640 --> 00:15:19,640
Speaker 4: We had a great twenty year celebration last year of

253
00:15:19,680 --> 00:15:22,560
Speaker 4: the over twenty million lives that have been saved with

254
00:15:22,640 --> 00:15:23,440
Speaker 4: that program.

255
00:15:23,840 --> 00:15:25,560
Speaker 2: But I mean a lot of the time you spend

256
00:15:25,640 --> 00:15:28,320
Speaker 2: is also to making sure that healthcare is top of

257
00:15:28,360 --> 00:15:31,880
Speaker 2: the agenda, right That's it's almost.

258
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:35,440
Speaker 4: Care about humans, you know, childhood death, women bleeding to death.

259
00:15:35,760 --> 00:15:37,480
Speaker 3: And we're not talking about small numbers.

260
00:15:37,520 --> 00:15:41,640
Speaker 4: We're talking about millions and millions, you know, and people

261
00:15:41,680 --> 00:15:46,040
Speaker 4: decide is that you know a priority for a tiny

262
00:15:46,080 --> 00:15:50,560
Speaker 4: part of their budgets, you know, should.

263
00:15:50,240 --> 00:15:51,160
Speaker 3: There be more giving?

264
00:15:51,280 --> 00:15:55,280
Speaker 4: All these things can help, and it's a very positive

265
00:15:55,280 --> 00:15:58,280
Speaker 4: thing because you know, I have you know, dozens of

266
00:15:58,320 --> 00:16:02,800
Speaker 4: innovations that have been funded over these last ten years

267
00:16:02,800 --> 00:16:06,400
Speaker 4: that are very low cost and ready to roll out.

268
00:16:06,560 --> 00:16:07,760
Speaker 3: And that's why.

269
00:16:07,960 --> 00:16:10,920
Speaker 4: The two and a half million is within reach if

270
00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:14,400
Speaker 4: we stay focused on these things, and that would get

271
00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:17,320
Speaker 4: you to two percent of kids dying before the age

272
00:16:17,360 --> 00:16:20,640
Speaker 4: of five. Rich countries are one percent, and so you'd

273
00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:23,840
Speaker 4: be within a factor of two of you know, sort

274
00:16:23,880 --> 00:16:26,480
Speaker 4: of the basic statement of the Gates Foundation, which is

275
00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:29,360
Speaker 4: all lives have equal value. So we won't get there

276
00:16:29,400 --> 00:16:33,200
Speaker 4: in my lifetime, but we will get close if we

277
00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:34,880
Speaker 4: stay involved and committed.

278
00:16:34,960 --> 00:16:38,320
Speaker 2: I mean, COVID has also changed our relationship to healthcare.

279
00:16:38,760 --> 00:16:43,760
Speaker 2: What does that mean for vaccination hesitancy in developing countries

280
00:16:44,320 --> 00:16:45,560
Speaker 2: and developed nations?

281
00:16:46,360 --> 00:16:51,720
Speaker 4: Well, the you know, the misinformation about vaccines and associating

282
00:16:51,800 --> 00:16:56,280
Speaker 4: certain people like myself or Fauci having malign in tent

283
00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:59,880
Speaker 4: with vaccines. That was most acute in the United States.

284
00:17:00,440 --> 00:17:05,000
Speaker 4: But the pandemic which you would have thought, wow, global

285
00:17:05,040 --> 00:17:07,960
Speaker 4: health research to talking about health being ready for the

286
00:17:07,960 --> 00:17:08,760
Speaker 4: next pandemic.

287
00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:10,200
Speaker 3: You know, when you've got.

288
00:17:10,119 --> 00:17:13,840
Speaker 4: Millions of deaths, isn't that you know, it's sad, it's tragic.

289
00:17:13,880 --> 00:17:15,600
Speaker 4: But isn't he at least there are a benefit that

290
00:17:15,960 --> 00:17:19,800
Speaker 4: health is on the agenda. Sadly, it's a topic nobody

291
00:17:19,840 --> 00:17:21,840
Speaker 4: wants to talk about because it was painful.

292
00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:26,400
Speaker 3: You know, it's over. Let's move on from that, and.

293
00:17:26,400 --> 00:17:29,840
Speaker 4: Even the idea of okay, the importance of who, the

294
00:17:29,880 --> 00:17:34,439
Speaker 4: importance of vaccine, importance of vaccine research in telling people, hey,

295
00:17:34,520 --> 00:17:40,240
Speaker 4: vaccines really are very well tested. That's a question historically

296
00:17:40,320 --> 00:17:44,439
Speaker 4: when we've had vaccine hesitancy. For example, in Nigeria in

297
00:17:44,480 --> 00:17:48,720
Speaker 4: two thousand and one, the polio campaign faced disaster when

298
00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:53,560
Speaker 4: some politicians said that oral polio vaccine was sterilizing Muslim women.

299
00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:54,840
Speaker 3: And it took us.

300
00:17:54,680 --> 00:17:58,360
Speaker 4: Five years working with the religious leaders where they would

301
00:17:58,480 --> 00:18:03,120
Speaker 4: visibly vaccinate their chillidn and talked about where the vaccine

302
00:18:03,160 --> 00:18:06,760
Speaker 4: came and how it avoided children being paralyzed or dying,

303
00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:12,000
Speaker 4: and we were able to get rid of polio from Nigeria.

304
00:18:12,520 --> 00:18:16,320
Speaker 4: We have two countries left, Afghanistan and Pakistan, where we've

305
00:18:16,359 --> 00:18:19,320
Speaker 4: never gotten to zero. It spread back to Africa, so

306
00:18:19,359 --> 00:18:21,280
Speaker 4: we have to also clean that up. But the hardest

307
00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:25,560
Speaker 4: part that we're very close on. With a little bit

308
00:18:25,600 --> 00:18:28,320
Speaker 4: of luck, in a few years, we should be able

309
00:18:28,320 --> 00:18:30,960
Speaker 4: to get to zero's Pakistan and Afghanistan.

310
00:18:31,200 --> 00:18:32,680
Speaker 1: Well, guess we have two minutes left.

311
00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:36,639
Speaker 2: How do you harness AI to be good actually for

312
00:18:36,720 --> 00:18:37,280
Speaker 2: human kinds?

313
00:18:37,840 --> 00:18:41,440
Speaker 4: Well A, and I'd say that it's going to raise

314
00:18:41,880 --> 00:18:46,680
Speaker 4: productivity generally, and normal capital markets with great competition from

315
00:18:46,720 --> 00:18:47,520
Speaker 4: Microsoft and.

316
00:18:47,480 --> 00:18:48,960
Speaker 3: Google will drive that.

317
00:18:49,280 --> 00:18:52,199
Speaker 4: And you should all pay attention because it is so

318
00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:57,439
Speaker 4: dramatic how it improves white collar productivity and later with

319
00:18:57,800 --> 00:19:01,919
Speaker 4: the robotics, not yet, but eventually blue collar productivity. So

320
00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:05,000
Speaker 4: that is phenomenal for the world. The world will be

321
00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:09,600
Speaker 4: richer and you know, can work less and have more

322
00:19:10,240 --> 00:19:13,720
Speaker 4: the place where it's with equity, and we have a

323
00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:16,200
Speaker 4: huge commitment to make sure there's not this normal twenty

324
00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:20,840
Speaker 4: year leg between benefit to the rich versus to developing countries.

325
00:19:21,560 --> 00:19:26,400
Speaker 4: Is that there's a bigger teacher shortage in Africa than elsewhere,

326
00:19:26,480 --> 00:19:29,840
Speaker 4: bigger doctor shortage. And so not only will we invent

327
00:19:29,960 --> 00:19:34,359
Speaker 4: new tools using AI like the ultrasound, we will provide

328
00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:40,879
Speaker 4: health advice and directly, you know, in their local African language,

329
00:19:41,520 --> 00:19:45,200
Speaker 4: fully tailored to the conditions in those countries. We will

330
00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:48,399
Speaker 4: provide an AI doctor, We will provide an AI tutor,

331
00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:52,000
Speaker 4: and already We've funded lots of Africans to do pilot

332
00:19:52,080 --> 00:19:55,520
Speaker 4: studies and to take the very best technology and get

333
00:19:55,520 --> 00:19:59,160
Speaker 4: it out at about the same time as it will

334
00:19:59,200 --> 00:20:01,280
Speaker 4: happen in the ritual. In fact, in a few cases,

335
00:20:01,720 --> 00:20:07,560
Speaker 4: ritual regulations may make it roll out slower than in

336
00:20:07,840 --> 00:20:11,440
Speaker 4: countries like India or in Africa. So it's a race,

337
00:20:11,960 --> 00:20:15,280
Speaker 4: but it's a race for good and you know, I

338
00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:17,480
Speaker 4: couldn't be more thrilled. You know, it's a case where

339
00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:20,439
Speaker 4: my work ongoing work with Microsoft and it helps me

340
00:20:20,520 --> 00:20:24,480
Speaker 4: understand how we take this into the developing countries.

341
00:20:24,920 --> 00:20:29,639
Speaker 2: But overall your net positive on AI in general globally AI.

342
00:20:30,280 --> 00:20:34,919
Speaker 4: AI is a brilliant tool for people to be more productive.

343
00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:38,119
Speaker 4: Now it means the bad guys will be more productive

344
00:20:38,200 --> 00:20:40,280
Speaker 4: so they can do more cyber attacks, so they can

345
00:20:40,280 --> 00:20:44,120
Speaker 4: design weapons. You always, you know, the Internet, the microprocessor,

346
00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:49,600
Speaker 4: all these things helped everybody be more efficient, including the

347
00:20:49,640 --> 00:20:52,520
Speaker 4: bad guys. And so you've got to make sure the

348
00:20:52,560 --> 00:20:57,000
Speaker 4: best AI for cyber defense or you know, measures to

349
00:20:57,080 --> 00:21:00,399
Speaker 4: defend against bioterrorism are in the hand of the good guys.

350
00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:05,399
Speaker 4: And you know it's a challenge, but you know, people

351
00:21:05,480 --> 00:21:08,480
Speaker 4: sometimes lose sight of the fact that this is the

352
00:21:08,520 --> 00:21:11,320
Speaker 4: biggest productivity advance in our lifetimes,