1 00:00:02,360 --> 00:00:05,080 Speaker 1: I guess, well, what's that mango? So I know you 2 00:00:05,120 --> 00:00:07,960 Speaker 1: know this, but my family loves the writer P. G. Woodhouse, 3 00:00:08,080 --> 00:00:11,799 Speaker 1: Like his books are light and sweet and funny, and 4 00:00:11,920 --> 00:00:14,840 Speaker 1: wherever you go in India, you'll find them on my 5 00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:18,480 Speaker 1: family's bookshelves. And when I was in middle school and 6 00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:21,720 Speaker 1: in high school, there was this great TV adaptation of 7 00:00:21,880 --> 00:00:24,960 Speaker 1: Wooster and Jeeves, and it had a young Hugh Lori 8 00:00:25,120 --> 00:00:28,639 Speaker 1: in it, young Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie played this 9 00:00:28,880 --> 00:00:32,280 Speaker 1: rich simpleton. His name was Bertie Wooster. He was always 10 00:00:32,320 --> 00:00:36,440 Speaker 1: getting into silly trouble and Stephen Fry played his genius 11 00:00:36,479 --> 00:00:39,240 Speaker 1: butler who was always saving him. And his name was Jeeves, 12 00:00:39,280 --> 00:00:42,680 Speaker 1: and he was actually a valet. Isn't it proounced valet mango? 13 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:47,599 Speaker 1: Not if you're British? Apparently there it's valet, But it's 14 00:00:47,640 --> 00:00:50,400 Speaker 1: a gentleman's gentleman. The reason I'm bringing it up is 15 00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:53,280 Speaker 1: that Jeeves in these stories is the proper one, and 16 00:00:53,320 --> 00:00:56,360 Speaker 1: he's always shuddering at these like new fangled ideas that 17 00:00:56,400 --> 00:01:00,280 Speaker 1: Bertie Wooster has. And in this one episode, Bertie gets 18 00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:04,920 Speaker 1: his pajamas monogrammed and Jeeves just can't stand this, like 19 00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:07,520 Speaker 1: he thinks it's super low class and toddrey to put 20 00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:10,080 Speaker 1: your initials on things, and he keeps wondering if it's 21 00:01:10,120 --> 00:01:13,320 Speaker 1: because like Bertie'll forget who he is or or whether 22 00:01:13,360 --> 00:01:16,399 Speaker 1: he owns pajamas. So he kind of scoffs at it 23 00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:20,399 Speaker 1: disapprovingly through the show, which is pretty funny because today, 24 00:01:20,440 --> 00:01:22,479 Speaker 1: you know, if you've got a monogram on a shirt 25 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:25,600 Speaker 1: or especially a towel mango, I mean, that is seen 26 00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:31,280 Speaker 1: as like real high class definitely. So the thing is 27 00:01:31,319 --> 00:01:34,160 Speaker 1: they are all these like strange customs and sports and 28 00:01:34,200 --> 00:01:37,160 Speaker 1: traditions that we sort of revere today's elite and we 29 00:01:37,240 --> 00:01:39,280 Speaker 1: see them as high class, but actually they started out 30 00:01:39,319 --> 00:01:42,360 Speaker 1: with much more humble origins. And today on the show, 31 00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:44,880 Speaker 1: we're gonna take all that stuff down to peg and 32 00:01:44,959 --> 00:02:08,480 Speaker 1: that's what we're talking about it. So let's dive in. Hey, 33 00:02:08,520 --> 00:02:10,960 Speaker 1: their podcast listeners, welcome to Part Time Genius. I'm Will 34 00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:13,079 Speaker 1: Pearson and as always I'm joined by my good friend 35 00:02:13,160 --> 00:02:15,359 Speaker 1: Mangesh how Ticketer and on the other side of the 36 00:02:15,400 --> 00:02:18,200 Speaker 1: soundproof glass, I just I can't stop looking over at 37 00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:21,000 Speaker 1: him because he is looking so damper. He's in a 38 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:24,320 Speaker 1: top hat and tails. That is our friend and producer 39 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:26,399 Speaker 1: Tristan Michiel. I don't think I've ever seen him looking 40 00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:30,400 Speaker 1: so fancy dressed up. No, it's amazing, man. And as 41 00:02:30,440 --> 00:02:32,680 Speaker 1: you know, Tristan did say he'd be dressing up as 42 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:36,200 Speaker 1: a quote wealthy elite to that. That's what he's been 43 00:02:36,240 --> 00:02:38,840 Speaker 1: saying all week for today's show, So I imagine that's 44 00:02:38,880 --> 00:02:41,839 Speaker 1: what's going on here. I have to say, I don't 45 00:02:41,840 --> 00:02:43,919 Speaker 1: know what you. I feel like he looks a little 46 00:02:43,960 --> 00:02:47,080 Speaker 1: more like a stage magician maybe, but but whatever I mean, 47 00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:48,760 Speaker 1: he looks good. I know if he had a pack 48 00:02:48,800 --> 00:02:50,360 Speaker 1: of cards, you could go in one direction, and if 49 00:02:50,400 --> 00:02:52,160 Speaker 1: he had like a monocle and caine, he'd looked like 50 00:02:52,280 --> 00:02:55,240 Speaker 1: Mr Peanut, which feels like a little less elite to me. 51 00:02:55,400 --> 00:02:59,800 Speaker 1: But I do admire Tristan style. Well. To be fair, 52 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:04,160 Speaker 1: people have drastically different ideas about what is elite. So 53 00:03:04,280 --> 00:03:06,240 Speaker 1: you can ask a dozen people on the street and 54 00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:10,200 Speaker 1: get twelve completely different answers. And you know, while things 55 00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:13,880 Speaker 1: like wealth and privilege crop up, and most people's definitions, 56 00:03:14,240 --> 00:03:17,280 Speaker 1: the specifics on how that wealth and privilege are displayed, 57 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:20,080 Speaker 1: you know, varied a lot over the years, and things 58 00:03:20,120 --> 00:03:22,440 Speaker 1: that were once considered a lead or high class are 59 00:03:22,480 --> 00:03:25,320 Speaker 1: now seen as tacky, and things that started out with 60 00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:28,760 Speaker 1: this more mass appeal of since only been set aside 61 00:03:28,840 --> 00:03:31,400 Speaker 1: for the rich. And I think it's that second kind 62 00:03:31,440 --> 00:03:34,320 Speaker 1: of shift that will probably focus on today, you know, 63 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:37,680 Speaker 1: that lower class things that have sort of graduated to 64 00:03:37,720 --> 00:03:40,080 Speaker 1: the upper cross. So I feel like this is maybe 65 00:03:40,080 --> 00:03:43,440 Speaker 1: our Beverly Hillbillies episode, you could say. So, you know, 66 00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:45,760 Speaker 1: we're gonna check out some of the food, the sports, 67 00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:49,320 Speaker 1: the cultural norms that started out humbly and later became 68 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:53,360 Speaker 1: these symbols of wealth and status. So let's dive right in. 69 00:03:53,640 --> 00:03:55,119 Speaker 1: You know, Mega, what what do you think is your 70 00:03:55,120 --> 00:03:58,640 Speaker 1: first rags to riches story for the day. So I 71 00:03:58,720 --> 00:04:01,960 Speaker 1: thought I kicked things off with the farmhouse origins of 72 00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:04,880 Speaker 1: one of the world's fanciest sounding beers, and that, of 73 00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:08,160 Speaker 1: course is the Belgian, says on, oh man, that does 74 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:11,000 Speaker 1: sound fancy, although maybe that was just your impeccable French 75 00:04:11,080 --> 00:04:15,360 Speaker 1: accent there. I know, we pronounced valet valets. We've got 76 00:04:16,120 --> 00:04:19,880 Speaker 1: it's pretty amazing. But you could say that Sazon's kind 77 00:04:19,880 --> 00:04:22,359 Speaker 1: of taste kind of fancy too, like they're typically on 78 00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:24,680 Speaker 1: the dry side in terms of deer. In fact, I 79 00:04:24,680 --> 00:04:26,280 Speaker 1: was at a wedding some years ago where we drank 80 00:04:26,320 --> 00:04:30,080 Speaker 1: Sayson for the wedding toast instead of champagne. But historically 81 00:04:30,200 --> 00:04:33,080 Speaker 1: Szan's were most popular among the working class, and that 82 00:04:33,160 --> 00:04:35,360 Speaker 1: was true right up until the nineteen fifties when they 83 00:04:35,360 --> 00:04:37,560 Speaker 1: sort of fell out of favor all together. And if 84 00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:39,640 Speaker 1: you cut to today, you know, there's kind of a 85 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:42,680 Speaker 1: Sason revolution that's been going on. About a dozen or 86 00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:45,359 Speaker 1: so craft brewery started it and they started making it again. 87 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:47,360 Speaker 1: And of course the flip side is that the beer 88 00:04:47,440 --> 00:04:50,160 Speaker 1: is now viewed as kind of niche and not as 89 00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 1: approachable as it should be to the average drinker. Well, 90 00:04:53,640 --> 00:04:56,320 Speaker 1: and I feel like it doesn't help that Sezans aren't 91 00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:59,320 Speaker 1: served usually in these regular pint classes. I mean it 92 00:04:59,360 --> 00:05:02,760 Speaker 1: feels like that you really coming these wide stem glasses, right, 93 00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:05,280 Speaker 1: like a brandy glass or something like that. Yeah, that 94 00:05:05,320 --> 00:05:07,960 Speaker 1: can definitely be true. The presentation changes and sometimes people 95 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:11,440 Speaker 1: like to swirl them. But despite the fancy modern reputation, 96 00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:15,359 Speaker 1: Sazan's actually have these really humble roots. So they first 97 00:05:15,400 --> 00:05:17,920 Speaker 1: came on the scene during the eighteenth century when they 98 00:05:17,920 --> 00:05:21,640 Speaker 1: were brewed by farmers and Wallonia, which is I guess 99 00:05:21,640 --> 00:05:24,680 Speaker 1: this French speaking region of southern Belgium. But rather than 100 00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:28,120 Speaker 1: being brewed for its taste or it's intoxicating effects, sazon 101 00:05:28,240 --> 00:05:30,840 Speaker 1: began as a product of necessity more than anything else. 102 00:05:30,880 --> 00:05:33,520 Speaker 1: And and that's really because the water in more rural 103 00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:36,440 Speaker 1: regions wasn't portable at the time. It contained way too 104 00:05:36,480 --> 00:05:39,600 Speaker 1: many of these pathogens that that made it unfit for drinking. 105 00:05:39,680 --> 00:05:42,479 Speaker 1: So in order to keep their workers hydrated through those 106 00:05:42,520 --> 00:05:47,239 Speaker 1: busy summer seasons, farmers started brewing sesans. All right, But 107 00:05:47,240 --> 00:05:49,560 Speaker 1: but hadn't people have been doing that a long time? 108 00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:52,520 Speaker 1: Like that's kind of the origin of beer in general, isn't. 109 00:05:52,520 --> 00:05:53,919 Speaker 1: I mean, you could go all the way back to 110 00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:56,880 Speaker 1: ancient Egypt. I think it was fuel for you know, 111 00:05:56,920 --> 00:06:00,920 Speaker 1: the laborers there when water was either scarce or contaminated. 112 00:06:00,960 --> 00:06:02,599 Speaker 1: So I feel like that's something that's been around for 113 00:06:02,600 --> 00:06:05,960 Speaker 1: a long time. That's definitely true. And Willonian farmers definitely 114 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:09,280 Speaker 1: weren't the first to have this beer dependent workforce. To 115 00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:11,200 Speaker 1: trouble for them was how to keep enough beer on 116 00:06:11,279 --> 00:06:13,400 Speaker 1: hand to last through the hot summers. And you've got 117 00:06:13,400 --> 00:06:16,279 Speaker 1: to remember this was all prior to refrigeration, So getting 118 00:06:16,279 --> 00:06:19,640 Speaker 1: beered for men and not spoil was pretty tricky during 119 00:06:19,640 --> 00:06:22,479 Speaker 1: the months when heat and all this airborne bacteria was 120 00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:25,960 Speaker 1: at its peak. So sesons were kind of the solution 121 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:28,400 Speaker 1: to this problem. Like they were brewed during the cooler 122 00:06:28,440 --> 00:06:31,800 Speaker 1: autumn and winter months and then stored until summer rolled around. 123 00:06:31,839 --> 00:06:34,920 Speaker 1: And it's actually from the strong association with the certain 124 00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:37,279 Speaker 1: time of year that the beer gets its name, since 125 00:06:37,560 --> 00:06:41,800 Speaker 1: Sezan is actually French first season. Hm. Well, I mean 126 00:06:41,800 --> 00:06:43,560 Speaker 1: that makes sense, but I'm curious though. Was was this 127 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:45,880 Speaker 1: beer any different from other kinds being made at the 128 00:06:45,960 --> 00:06:47,960 Speaker 1: time or was it just the time of year that 129 00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:52,040 Speaker 1: made its stand out. Yeah, saesons were actually set apart 130 00:06:52,040 --> 00:06:54,440 Speaker 1: in a few ways. Like one thing is that they 131 00:06:54,480 --> 00:06:56,920 Speaker 1: were much hottier than the other beers, and that's because 132 00:06:56,960 --> 00:07:00,159 Speaker 1: the hops act as a natural preservative, and they also 133 00:07:00,240 --> 00:07:04,039 Speaker 1: possessed these antiseptic properties, which again was super helpful in 134 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:07,400 Speaker 1: fighting off those pathogens. The other standout trade is that 135 00:07:07,480 --> 00:07:12,120 Speaker 1: Sayson saw we're really adaptable, Like farmers typically used whatever 136 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:14,040 Speaker 1: they had on hand at the end of a harvest 137 00:07:14,080 --> 00:07:16,200 Speaker 1: to make the next year's says on. So the base 138 00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:19,080 Speaker 1: ingredients and the spices varied from farm to farm and 139 00:07:19,440 --> 00:07:22,440 Speaker 1: even barrel to barrel. Like these differences made the beer 140 00:07:22,520 --> 00:07:24,800 Speaker 1: hard to categorize, but it also made it a bit 141 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:28,280 Speaker 1: more personal. And since the average farm worker drank as 142 00:07:28,360 --> 00:07:31,040 Speaker 1: much as uh, I think it's like five leaders of 143 00:07:31,080 --> 00:07:34,320 Speaker 1: says on every single world day. Yeah, I'm guessing they 144 00:07:34,320 --> 00:07:37,800 Speaker 1: didn't mind a little variety in that flavor. Five leaders 145 00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:40,880 Speaker 1: a day, I mean imagining this couldn't have been that alcoholic, right, 146 00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:43,680 Speaker 1: unless I'm actually picturing all these farmers just passed out 147 00:07:43,680 --> 00:07:47,320 Speaker 1: in their fields by noon. But that's that's crazy. Yeah. 148 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:50,400 Speaker 1: I read that most daisons were originally around three percenters though, 149 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: which would be enough to give him a buzz, but 150 00:07:52,880 --> 00:07:55,480 Speaker 1: you know, not so strong as to incapacitate them. And 151 00:07:55,720 --> 00:07:57,760 Speaker 1: of course the alcohol content went up a little over 152 00:07:57,840 --> 00:08:00,560 Speaker 1: time as other people began, you know, during thinking them too. 153 00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:02,880 Speaker 1: It wasn't just the workers. In fact, many small farms 154 00:08:02,880 --> 00:08:05,520 Speaker 1: from the era were eventually turned into family breweries, and 155 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:08,960 Speaker 1: the different saisons became kind of especially drink for their 156 00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:12,560 Speaker 1: respective towns. All right, So if they were this popular, 157 00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:15,120 Speaker 1: why did they disappear for a while, Because I think 158 00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:16,720 Speaker 1: you said they kind of vanished, what was it in 159 00:08:16,760 --> 00:08:19,960 Speaker 1: the in the fifties or so, Yeah, this was really 160 00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:23,680 Speaker 1: due to industrialization. So by the fifties, refrigeration and like 161 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:27,040 Speaker 1: access to drinkable water, that all it eliminated this need 162 00:08:27,120 --> 00:08:31,080 Speaker 1: for these summer specific ales. So demand dried up pretty quickly, 163 00:08:31,120 --> 00:08:33,240 Speaker 1: and what was kind of the de facto beer of 164 00:08:33,240 --> 00:08:37,440 Speaker 1: the working class became this artisanal product instead. And you know, 165 00:08:37,520 --> 00:08:40,080 Speaker 1: even in today's saisons, you can still find traces of 166 00:08:40,120 --> 00:08:43,760 Speaker 1: the beer's farmhouse roots because you know, aside from the 167 00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:46,360 Speaker 1: notes of fruit and spice, you'll also taste this kind 168 00:08:46,400 --> 00:08:50,120 Speaker 1: of like earthy funkiness in the bruise, and that really 169 00:08:50,200 --> 00:08:52,839 Speaker 1: harkens back to those like grab bag ingredients that those 170 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:56,280 Speaker 1: Wallonian farmers were using. You know. Um, it's kind of funny, 171 00:08:56,360 --> 00:08:59,599 Speaker 1: like the description that's used for that barnyard flavor is 172 00:08:59,640 --> 00:09:03,160 Speaker 1: actually horse blanket. Like horse blanket is sup was like 173 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:07,319 Speaker 1: what makes sasan so appealing? I have to admit that 174 00:09:07,800 --> 00:09:10,640 Speaker 1: horse blanket isn't generally a flavor. I think I would 175 00:09:10,679 --> 00:09:16,079 Speaker 1: seek a horse blanket pringles horse. Alright, Well, since we're 176 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:18,840 Speaker 1: on the subject of elite dining, you know, I do 177 00:09:18,920 --> 00:09:21,000 Speaker 1: want to talk about lobster for a minute, because this 178 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:23,360 Speaker 1: is one of those that I just found super interesting 179 00:09:23,360 --> 00:09:25,760 Speaker 1: and didn't know a whole lot about before we were 180 00:09:25,800 --> 00:09:27,959 Speaker 1: researching for the episode. But I believe it or not, 181 00:09:28,040 --> 00:09:29,960 Speaker 1: there was actually a time when lobster meat was the 182 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:33,120 Speaker 1: lowest priced item on a New England menu, and it 183 00:09:33,200 --> 00:09:35,880 Speaker 1: was about half the costs of chicken that was pound 184 00:09:35,880 --> 00:09:39,320 Speaker 1: for pound at least, and five times cheaper than Boston 185 00:09:39,520 --> 00:09:43,920 Speaker 1: baked beans. Of all things, cheaper than beans means something, 186 00:09:44,520 --> 00:09:48,040 Speaker 1: as it does, so I actually read that lobsters used 187 00:09:48,080 --> 00:09:50,079 Speaker 1: to be so abundant on the East Coast, and this 188 00:09:50,120 --> 00:09:52,920 Speaker 1: is back in the six hundreds that it wasn't uncommon 189 00:09:52,960 --> 00:09:55,840 Speaker 1: to find like two foot high piles of them just 190 00:09:55,880 --> 00:09:58,920 Speaker 1: washed up on the beach. I mean, that is incredible 191 00:09:58,960 --> 00:10:01,360 Speaker 1: to think about. Yeah, And you know, and people who 192 00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:04,360 Speaker 1: stumbled on those lobster piles probably left them right where 193 00:10:04,360 --> 00:10:07,439 Speaker 1: they were, because back then most people wanted nothing to 194 00:10:07,520 --> 00:10:10,880 Speaker 1: do with lobsters. They were considered disgusting, and you know, 195 00:10:10,920 --> 00:10:13,800 Speaker 1: partially because they look like insects, and partially because of 196 00:10:13,840 --> 00:10:18,040 Speaker 1: their reputation as being these bottom feeders. And honestly, none 197 00:10:18,040 --> 00:10:21,079 Speaker 1: of that is too far off. I mean, lobsters really 198 00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:24,920 Speaker 1: are distant relatives of cockroaches and spiders, and in fact, 199 00:10:24,920 --> 00:10:28,400 Speaker 1: their name actually comes from the Old English word lop, 200 00:10:28,559 --> 00:10:32,840 Speaker 1: which which actually means spider. So I do like lobsters 201 00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:35,480 Speaker 1: because they're so funny. I'm sure you remember how my 202 00:10:35,600 --> 00:10:37,439 Speaker 1: roommate in college, Adam, and I wanted to get a 203 00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:40,520 Speaker 1: pet lobster because it would be fun to walk around 204 00:10:40,520 --> 00:10:43,559 Speaker 1: on a leash. And we even had a name, Hector 205 00:10:43,640 --> 00:10:46,360 Speaker 1: the Lobster. But of course that's where our efforts stopped 206 00:10:46,360 --> 00:10:48,920 Speaker 1: because we didn't really do things. We just talked about things. 207 00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:51,840 Speaker 1: It didn't stop you guys from talking about it a lot, though, 208 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:55,560 Speaker 1: I remember that. So I do feel like we give 209 00:10:55,640 --> 00:10:58,600 Speaker 1: lobsters this giant pass because they live in the ocean, right, 210 00:10:58,640 --> 00:11:01,520 Speaker 1: Like like if you came across lobster the forest and 211 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:03,520 Speaker 1: it's not climbing out of a hole in the tree, 212 00:11:03,720 --> 00:11:06,680 Speaker 1: you think it was like some kind of giant monster 213 00:11:06,880 --> 00:11:09,839 Speaker 1: bug and dipping it in butter would be like the 214 00:11:09,880 --> 00:11:12,840 Speaker 1: furthest thing for your mind. But you know, that's even 215 00:11:12,880 --> 00:11:15,600 Speaker 1: before you get into how weird lobster anatomy is, like 216 00:11:15,920 --> 00:11:18,319 Speaker 1: their brains are in their throats, their teeth are in 217 00:11:18,360 --> 00:11:21,960 Speaker 1: their stomachs. There the whole thing is a mess. Like 218 00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:25,120 Speaker 1: I can't argue with you on that, but you know, 219 00:11:25,200 --> 00:11:28,360 Speaker 1: as unpopular as lobsters were in the seventeenth century, some 220 00:11:28,440 --> 00:11:30,360 Speaker 1: people did eat them anyway. I mean, you look at 221 00:11:30,400 --> 00:11:33,520 Speaker 1: Native Americans, for instance, they ate lobsters by wrapping them 222 00:11:33,559 --> 00:11:37,200 Speaker 1: in seaweed and then baking them over hot rocks. But 223 00:11:37,280 --> 00:11:39,840 Speaker 1: to be fair, lobster wasn't their first choice. I mean, 224 00:11:39,840 --> 00:11:42,679 Speaker 1: they also used the meat to fertilize their crops and 225 00:11:43,040 --> 00:11:45,480 Speaker 1: bait their fishing hooks, and they were doing that in 226 00:11:45,520 --> 00:11:49,640 Speaker 1: hopes of catching something less disgusting than lobster. Well, you know, 227 00:11:49,840 --> 00:11:52,080 Speaker 1: some colonists must have eaten them too. Write like, I know, 228 00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:54,320 Speaker 1: food was scarce in those early days, so I can't 229 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:58,360 Speaker 1: imagine everyone had the luxury of being picky. What lobster 230 00:11:58,640 --> 00:12:01,480 Speaker 1: was plentiful and as alid source of protein. So people 231 00:12:01,520 --> 00:12:04,680 Speaker 1: did eat it, just not happily and always with a 232 00:12:04,720 --> 00:12:07,839 Speaker 1: certain degree of embarrassment I guess when they were eating it. 233 00:12:07,880 --> 00:12:10,920 Speaker 1: But you know, times were tough and only the wealthiest 234 00:12:10,960 --> 00:12:13,920 Speaker 1: residents could afford chicken or pork, and that's how lobster 235 00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:17,280 Speaker 1: became a poor person food. And so you know, lobsters 236 00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:20,959 Speaker 1: were a common meal for people like prisoners or apprentices 237 00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:25,240 Speaker 1: or enslaved people and even cats mango. I mean, that's 238 00:12:25,280 --> 00:12:28,280 Speaker 1: what it was like. And this didn't go over well, 239 00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:30,839 Speaker 1: of course, except with the cats, who weren't as worried 240 00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:33,959 Speaker 1: about what other people thought. And you know, some indentured 241 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:37,120 Speaker 1: servants actually had a clause in their contracts saying that 242 00:12:37,160 --> 00:12:40,079 Speaker 1: they could be fed lobster no more than three times 243 00:12:40,120 --> 00:12:43,440 Speaker 1: a week. I mean, that's how undesirable it was. I 244 00:12:43,440 --> 00:12:45,880 Speaker 1: mean it's insane because you think of like how people 245 00:12:46,080 --> 00:12:49,440 Speaker 1: crave lobster today, right, yeah, and lobster is one of 246 00:12:49,440 --> 00:12:53,240 Speaker 1: the top requested last meals for prisoners on death row now, 247 00:12:53,320 --> 00:12:57,360 Speaker 1: so clearly these perceptions have changed significantly over the years. 248 00:12:58,240 --> 00:13:00,920 Speaker 1: So I am curious what mark that change and thinking, 249 00:13:00,960 --> 00:13:03,080 Speaker 1: because like, going from a trash meat to this like 250 00:13:03,240 --> 00:13:07,080 Speaker 1: posh delicacy is a pretty big leap, even for something 251 00:13:07,120 --> 00:13:09,680 Speaker 1: with ten legs, which, uh, you know, I only just 252 00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:14,040 Speaker 1: realized they have ten legs. What they had ten legs? Yeah, 253 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:16,720 Speaker 1: I've never been counting the clause. I guess they have 254 00:13:16,760 --> 00:13:19,160 Speaker 1: two pictures and then those like eight legs beneath. And 255 00:13:19,600 --> 00:13:22,600 Speaker 1: apparently this is pretty common. Like I saw this piece 256 00:13:22,600 --> 00:13:25,240 Speaker 1: in Slate that almost every image of a lobster in 257 00:13:25,280 --> 00:13:28,240 Speaker 1: a cartoon or drawing. And this is even on road signs, 258 00:13:28,240 --> 00:13:32,120 Speaker 1: for like, lobster places all have eight legs instead of ten, 259 00:13:32,400 --> 00:13:36,760 Speaker 1: and uh, it's anatomically incorrect everywhere you look. So you know, 260 00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:39,079 Speaker 1: I I got his off track, but I did want 261 00:13:39,080 --> 00:13:41,720 Speaker 1: to make a point of that. But that was that 262 00:13:41,840 --> 00:13:46,040 Speaker 1: was very important to talk about, you know, to understand. Well, 263 00:13:46,080 --> 00:13:49,040 Speaker 1: now you're gonna see it everywhere. But how did lobsters 264 00:13:49,080 --> 00:13:51,520 Speaker 1: get so fancy? Tell me about that? All right, Well, 265 00:13:51,559 --> 00:13:54,640 Speaker 1: it actually all comes down to railroads, believe it or not. 266 00:13:54,720 --> 00:13:57,960 Speaker 1: So go back to the eighteen seventies, and trains gave 267 00:13:58,120 --> 00:14:02,000 Speaker 1: rise to this seasonal tourism in America with wealthy residents 268 00:14:02,040 --> 00:14:04,840 Speaker 1: of places like New York or d C. They would 269 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:07,319 Speaker 1: head off to you know, to Boston or to Maine 270 00:14:07,440 --> 00:14:09,960 Speaker 1: to get away from that summer heat. And it was 271 00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:14,560 Speaker 1: this travel boom that led to a realization for railroad managers, namely, 272 00:14:14,679 --> 00:14:18,360 Speaker 1: you know that many passengers were clueless about how hated 273 00:14:18,440 --> 00:14:21,600 Speaker 1: lobsters were by the people on the coast, and so 274 00:14:21,720 --> 00:14:24,360 Speaker 1: this allowed the trains to serve up lobster as though 275 00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:27,400 Speaker 1: it was this kind of like an exotic delicacy, even 276 00:14:27,400 --> 00:14:30,240 Speaker 1: though it actually cost the railroad much less than other 277 00:14:30,360 --> 00:14:33,640 Speaker 1: meats would have, and this russe seemed to work, and passengers, 278 00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:37,040 Speaker 1: soon we're heading home from vacation raving to their neighbors 279 00:14:37,040 --> 00:14:40,160 Speaker 1: about this delicious boiled lobster that they'd had while they 280 00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:43,160 Speaker 1: were out on their fancy travels. And so word of 281 00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:46,440 Speaker 1: mouth grew from there, and lobster canning became a thing, 282 00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:50,080 Speaker 1: and it actually launched a whole industry around this. That's 283 00:14:50,080 --> 00:14:53,800 Speaker 1: pretty incredible, you know. Uh, What's interesting about that though, 284 00:14:54,120 --> 00:14:56,480 Speaker 1: it makes it seem like the popular opinion was really 285 00:14:56,520 --> 00:14:59,560 Speaker 1: the only thing holding lobsters back, right, Like, it's almost like, 286 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,040 Speaker 1: add that there were people who are actually liking eating lobster, 287 00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:05,960 Speaker 1: it suddenly made the food tastier. Yeah, I mean that 288 00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:08,880 Speaker 1: that's true. But there actually was more to it than that, 289 00:15:08,960 --> 00:15:12,640 Speaker 1: because once there was really a market for lobster, it 290 00:15:12,680 --> 00:15:17,600 Speaker 1: gave the chefs an opportunity to start experimenting with different preparations. 291 00:15:17,640 --> 00:15:19,880 Speaker 1: And so you fast forward a bit, and by the 292 00:15:19,920 --> 00:15:23,880 Speaker 1: eighteen eighties they'd stumbled across a real game changer. So 293 00:15:23,920 --> 00:15:27,320 Speaker 1: they discovered that lobster looked more appetizing and tasted a 294 00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:31,040 Speaker 1: whole lot better if it was actually cooked alive rather 295 00:15:31,080 --> 00:15:34,720 Speaker 1: than being killed and then cooked, and that's kind of 296 00:15:34,720 --> 00:15:37,920 Speaker 1: when it went gourmet. So by the nineteen twenties, the 297 00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:41,640 Speaker 1: demand outweighed supply for the first time in history, and 298 00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:44,920 Speaker 1: the going rate for lobster rose to about what it 299 00:15:45,040 --> 00:15:48,480 Speaker 1: is today now. That said, lobster was still viewed as 300 00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:50,680 Speaker 1: food for the poor, and Maine and other parts of 301 00:15:50,720 --> 00:15:53,120 Speaker 1: New England where you know, kids were embarrassed to go 302 00:15:53,160 --> 00:15:57,040 Speaker 1: to school with lobster meat sandwiches, and that really only 303 00:15:57,200 --> 00:16:00,520 Speaker 1: changed during World War Two because lobster wasn't subject to 304 00:16:00,640 --> 00:16:03,720 Speaker 1: rationing like other forms of protein, and so that meant 305 00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:06,840 Speaker 1: that people from all regions and social classes began to 306 00:16:06,880 --> 00:16:09,560 Speaker 1: find out just how tasty these you know, these sea 307 00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:14,320 Speaker 1: bugs could be. So did did that egalitarian streak last 308 00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:17,200 Speaker 1: for long? No? I mean, by the time the war 309 00:16:17,320 --> 00:16:20,600 Speaker 1: was over in the nineteen fifties, rolls around, lobster had 310 00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:24,800 Speaker 1: fully become an American delicacy, and this was obviously seen 311 00:16:24,840 --> 00:16:27,160 Speaker 1: as a meal fit for movie stars and the one 312 00:16:27,200 --> 00:16:30,080 Speaker 1: percent rather than the prisoners and the poor people that 313 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:33,160 Speaker 1: it had been seen as before. So we've definitely been 314 00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:36,280 Speaker 1: talking about this from a New World perspective. But I 315 00:16:36,320 --> 00:16:40,000 Speaker 1: am curious what Europeans thought like, did they hate lobster 316 00:16:40,040 --> 00:16:42,320 Speaker 1: as much as the North Americans? Did? You know? I 317 00:16:42,400 --> 00:16:44,560 Speaker 1: was looking into that because I actually had no idea. 318 00:16:44,600 --> 00:16:46,760 Speaker 1: And it seems like there's always been a market for 319 00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:49,760 Speaker 1: European blue lobster. It's it's it's a lot more rare 320 00:16:49,880 --> 00:16:52,520 Speaker 1: and expensive than the kind that we eat here, because 321 00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:56,360 Speaker 1: you know, Europeans never had the same reservations about eating them. 322 00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:58,520 Speaker 1: In fact, it was kind of the opposite. I mean, 323 00:16:58,560 --> 00:17:01,600 Speaker 1: lobster was believed to have these medicinal qualities during the 324 00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:05,320 Speaker 1: Middle Ages, even the Renaissance, and it was served pretty 325 00:17:05,359 --> 00:17:08,639 Speaker 1: often at these upper class feasts. And I fought your 326 00:17:08,640 --> 00:17:11,040 Speaker 1: story about wanting to walk a lobster on a leash 327 00:17:11,160 --> 00:17:13,560 Speaker 1: actually has a bit of a legacy. Maybe you and 328 00:17:13,640 --> 00:17:16,119 Speaker 1: Adam have been doing your reading on this, but I 329 00:17:16,160 --> 00:17:19,200 Speaker 1: was reading about this French poet named Gerard d Nerval, 330 00:17:19,359 --> 00:17:23,040 Speaker 1: and he supposedly had a pet lobster and he would 331 00:17:23,040 --> 00:17:25,560 Speaker 1: sometimes put a leash on it and take it for 332 00:17:25,640 --> 00:17:28,720 Speaker 1: walks at the Royal Palace in Paris. And you know, 333 00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:31,520 Speaker 1: when he got weird looks, he'd respond by saying, quote, 334 00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:34,720 Speaker 1: how is a lobster more ridiculous than a dog? A cat, 335 00:17:34,880 --> 00:17:37,800 Speaker 1: a gazelle, a lion, or any other animal. I have 336 00:17:37,840 --> 00:17:41,800 Speaker 1: an affinity for lobsters. They're easy going and serious, they 337 00:17:41,880 --> 00:17:44,680 Speaker 1: know the secrets of the sea, and they don't bark. 338 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:47,600 Speaker 1: So other than the very last part of that, I 339 00:17:47,640 --> 00:17:51,640 Speaker 1: don't understand any of that. But I love the quote. Well, 340 00:17:51,720 --> 00:17:53,480 Speaker 1: I do feel like I'm in a good company, and 341 00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:55,959 Speaker 1: I like how he's marketing them not just as an 342 00:17:55,960 --> 00:18:00,400 Speaker 1: elite food, but also as an elite pet. Perhaps relutely. 343 00:18:00,480 --> 00:18:03,240 Speaker 1: But now that we've covered fancy food and drink, what 344 00:18:03,280 --> 00:18:04,760 Speaker 1: do you say we shift a little bit and talk 345 00:18:04,840 --> 00:18:07,840 Speaker 1: about maybe a couple of athletic past times that had 346 00:18:07,920 --> 00:18:11,119 Speaker 1: more modest beginnings. Absolutely, but first let's take a quick break. 347 00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:28,920 Speaker 1: You're listening to part Time Genius and we're talking about 348 00:18:28,960 --> 00:18:32,440 Speaker 1: sports that made the switch from low brow to high class. 349 00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:34,919 Speaker 1: So all right, Mago, you're up first. What comes to 350 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:38,800 Speaker 1: mind when you think about posh sports. Well, we mentioned 351 00:18:38,800 --> 00:18:40,800 Speaker 1: this in our Winter Olympics episode, but most of the 352 00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:44,199 Speaker 1: cold weather sports are still pretty elite, and that's largely 353 00:18:44,240 --> 00:18:46,800 Speaker 1: because of the travel costs, the expensive equipment that goes 354 00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:50,040 Speaker 1: along with sports like skiing or ice skating. But you 355 00:18:50,080 --> 00:18:53,240 Speaker 1: know one sport that seems needlessly elite to me is 356 00:18:53,320 --> 00:18:57,040 Speaker 1: squash and uh, it's a little like racketball. It's a 357 00:18:57,119 --> 00:18:59,720 Speaker 1: racket sport, but it's played with this hardball that you 358 00:18:59,760 --> 00:19:02,800 Speaker 1: have to warm up. Have you ever seen this? I've seen. 359 00:19:02,960 --> 00:19:05,800 Speaker 1: I've actually never played, So the first time I went 360 00:19:05,840 --> 00:19:08,199 Speaker 1: onto the squash court, I watched this guy just like 361 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:11,119 Speaker 1: squishing the ball under his foot and just rolling it 362 00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:14,200 Speaker 1: vigorously to warm the ball up, because the ball actually 363 00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:18,800 Speaker 1: doesn't bounce until it's warm. It's pretty ridiculous. Yeah, and 364 00:19:18,840 --> 00:19:20,560 Speaker 1: then they played a lot in India, so I've seen 365 00:19:20,560 --> 00:19:23,120 Speaker 1: it there. But but you know, there's nothing that sophisticated 366 00:19:23,119 --> 00:19:25,760 Speaker 1: about the sport except where the courts are located, Like 367 00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:28,280 Speaker 1: mostly they're in well to do neighborhoods or in these 368 00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:31,280 Speaker 1: sort of elite country clubs, which is just where you're 369 00:19:31,320 --> 00:19:33,480 Speaker 1: hanging out all the time. So it makes sense that 370 00:19:33,880 --> 00:19:36,159 Speaker 1: you would have played at some point. But you know, 371 00:19:36,240 --> 00:19:39,440 Speaker 1: in our Titanic episode, we mentioned that the ship actually 372 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:43,120 Speaker 1: had its own regulations squash corps for those first class passengers, 373 00:19:43,160 --> 00:19:45,600 Speaker 1: and I feel like that's a pretty good testament to 374 00:19:46,240 --> 00:19:50,160 Speaker 1: the game's reputation as being this elite sport. But since 375 00:19:50,160 --> 00:19:52,400 Speaker 1: you bring it up today. I'm guessing squash didn't start 376 00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:55,359 Speaker 1: out quite so fancy. Definitely not, so I do want 377 00:19:55,359 --> 00:19:59,080 Speaker 1: to clarify. In Brooklyn, in bourm Hill, there's a New 378 00:19:59,119 --> 00:20:01,320 Speaker 1: York Sports club. You can rent a squash court for 379 00:20:01,359 --> 00:20:03,400 Speaker 1: five dollars, so you can get on the squash court 380 00:20:03,440 --> 00:20:05,800 Speaker 1: from very I like, how worried you are that people 381 00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:08,000 Speaker 1: are gonna think you're just hanging out a country class. 382 00:20:08,960 --> 00:20:15,920 Speaker 1: I can't get into country class. So squash was actually 383 00:20:15,960 --> 00:20:18,720 Speaker 1: derived from this game called rackets, which you know, had 384 00:20:18,720 --> 00:20:21,600 Speaker 1: been invented by prisoners in the early nineteenth century, and 385 00:20:21,720 --> 00:20:25,800 Speaker 1: the inmates at this Dinner's prison in London started getting 386 00:20:25,800 --> 00:20:28,199 Speaker 1: their exercise by hitting a ball against the prison walls 387 00:20:28,200 --> 00:20:31,400 Speaker 1: with tennis rackets, and from there the game sort of 388 00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:34,119 Speaker 1: spread beyond the prison, with many of England's lower class 389 00:20:34,160 --> 00:20:38,159 Speaker 1: citizens playing in the alleyways behind pubs, and then the 390 00:20:38,200 --> 00:20:41,560 Speaker 1: game spread to schools where the first four wall courts 391 00:20:41,560 --> 00:20:43,720 Speaker 1: were specifically built just for the game. And it was 392 00:20:43,760 --> 00:20:46,320 Speaker 1: at one of these schools where students invented a spinoff 393 00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:50,399 Speaker 1: rackets game called squash, and I guess rackets was played 394 00:20:50,440 --> 00:20:53,360 Speaker 1: with this hard, hollow rubber ball that tends to be 395 00:20:53,880 --> 00:20:56,600 Speaker 1: pretty predictable, you know when bounced off a wall, while 396 00:20:57,080 --> 00:21:00,119 Speaker 1: the squash ball is is so much softer and it 397 00:21:00,160 --> 00:21:03,760 Speaker 1: really makes for a greater variety of shots. So what 398 00:21:03,800 --> 00:21:06,080 Speaker 1: made the students switch to the softer ball, Like where 399 00:21:06,080 --> 00:21:08,400 Speaker 1: the school seeing it as a as a safety thing 400 00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:10,840 Speaker 1: with the harder balls or what you know? That's what 401 00:21:10,960 --> 00:21:12,680 Speaker 1: I was wondering at first, But it turned out the 402 00:21:12,680 --> 00:21:16,639 Speaker 1: switch happened more organically. So this was in around the 403 00:21:16,640 --> 00:21:20,760 Speaker 1: eighteen thirties. Students at Harrow School in London realized that 404 00:21:20,840 --> 00:21:24,320 Speaker 1: rackets was much much more challenging when you played with 405 00:21:24,320 --> 00:21:27,040 Speaker 1: a punctured ball because it just became like harder to 406 00:21:27,080 --> 00:21:30,080 Speaker 1: predict where the ball would bounce, and you have to 407 00:21:30,080 --> 00:21:33,080 Speaker 1: pay closer attention, You had to run around the court 408 00:21:33,160 --> 00:21:34,800 Speaker 1: more and and you weren't just waiting for it to 409 00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:38,080 Speaker 1: bounce back to you. And the squeezeable ball became sort 410 00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:41,360 Speaker 1: of the defining feature of their game. And that's supposedly 411 00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:43,560 Speaker 1: where the sport you know, got its name from. From 412 00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:45,920 Speaker 1: the way the ball kind of squashes on impact with 413 00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:48,560 Speaker 1: the wall. That makes sense. That's that's pretty cool, And 414 00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:50,640 Speaker 1: I'm guessing that the new game kind of took off, 415 00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:52,760 Speaker 1: and you don't hear too much about rackets these days, 416 00:21:52,800 --> 00:21:56,680 Speaker 1: but squash does still seem pretty popular. Yeah, I mean 417 00:21:56,760 --> 00:21:59,879 Speaker 1: it was so popular that it clips its parents sport 418 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:03,240 Speaker 1: of the early twentieth century. And while squash now has 419 00:22:03,280 --> 00:22:06,320 Speaker 1: this reputation of being sort of an uppercross sport, it 420 00:22:06,440 --> 00:22:09,520 Speaker 1: is worth noting that more than twenty five million people 421 00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:12,600 Speaker 1: play squash in a hundred eighty five different countries, and 422 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:15,840 Speaker 1: that includes a good deal of underprivileged kids to like, Like, 423 00:22:15,880 --> 00:22:19,040 Speaker 1: there's this one program out in Harlem called Street Squash, 424 00:22:19,480 --> 00:22:21,800 Speaker 1: and they promote the sport as kind of a youth 425 00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:25,359 Speaker 1: enrichment program in low income communities. This is in New York, 426 00:22:25,359 --> 00:22:28,080 Speaker 1: New Jersey and around that area. But the kids not 427 00:22:28,119 --> 00:22:31,600 Speaker 1: only like developed hand eye coordination and teamwork, but they 428 00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:34,399 Speaker 1: get a pretty good workout. You know. Part of the 429 00:22:34,400 --> 00:22:36,760 Speaker 1: reason I picked up squash is that, you know, just 430 00:22:36,880 --> 00:22:40,440 Speaker 1: forty five minutes of playing is really really intense. Um 431 00:22:40,720 --> 00:22:42,720 Speaker 1: actually have the stats here what one hour of squash 432 00:22:42,760 --> 00:22:46,120 Speaker 1: can burn between six hundred and a thousand calories, and 433 00:22:46,240 --> 00:22:48,120 Speaker 1: that puts it well above the calory account for most 434 00:22:48,119 --> 00:22:51,159 Speaker 1: other sports. Oh that's really interesting. All right, Well, I 435 00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:53,679 Speaker 1: want to talk about another exercise, and it was an 436 00:22:53,680 --> 00:22:57,160 Speaker 1: elite exercise that developed in a British internment camp. Believe 437 00:22:57,200 --> 00:22:59,760 Speaker 1: it or not. Now, this was back during World War One. 438 00:22:59,840 --> 00:23:02,320 Speaker 1: The was when the British government began to worry about 439 00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:05,920 Speaker 1: German born residents and that they might defect and become 440 00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:10,040 Speaker 1: German soldiers if they were deported from England. So instead, 441 00:23:10,440 --> 00:23:13,399 Speaker 1: all these German men between the ages of seventeen and 442 00:23:13,480 --> 00:23:16,520 Speaker 1: forty two were just rounded up and sent to these 443 00:23:16,560 --> 00:23:19,639 Speaker 1: camps throughout the country. Now, one of these camps there 444 00:23:19,680 --> 00:23:22,320 Speaker 1: was a German boxer and just kind of all around 445 00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:25,960 Speaker 1: great athlete in his name was Joseph Pilates, and he 446 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:28,040 Speaker 1: had been pulled away from his life working for a 447 00:23:28,040 --> 00:23:31,320 Speaker 1: British circus. Now you can probably guess that during his 448 00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:34,160 Speaker 1: time in the camp, the fitness system that he created, 449 00:23:34,240 --> 00:23:37,840 Speaker 1: it actually helped improve the lives of countless fellow inmates. 450 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:41,720 Speaker 1: So I'm curious, like Pilates was created at an internment camp, 451 00:23:41,840 --> 00:23:45,360 Speaker 1: because like, you know that that's way more intense than 452 00:23:45,480 --> 00:23:47,720 Speaker 1: I ever would have expected. You know, obviously today we 453 00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:50,480 Speaker 1: see plates is kind of like this yuppie activity in 454 00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:52,840 Speaker 1: a way for movie stars to flatten their stomachs. But 455 00:23:53,480 --> 00:23:56,200 Speaker 1: how did Pilates convince these people at the camp to 456 00:23:56,280 --> 00:24:00,600 Speaker 1: start doing stretches and controlled breathing exercises? You know, believe 457 00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:03,240 Speaker 1: it or not, it didn't take that much convincing. I mean, 458 00:24:03,560 --> 00:24:06,840 Speaker 1: the camp they were at was severely overcrowded, and so 459 00:24:06,920 --> 00:24:09,600 Speaker 1: much so that it eventually required its own railroad just 460 00:24:09,680 --> 00:24:13,080 Speaker 1: to handle the influx of detainees. And as you can imagine, 461 00:24:13,119 --> 00:24:16,320 Speaker 1: these conditions and the general indignity of their situation, it 462 00:24:16,440 --> 00:24:20,359 Speaker 1: drove a lot of inmates to depression. So many of 463 00:24:20,400 --> 00:24:23,440 Speaker 1: them honestly kind of lost the will to live and 464 00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:28,359 Speaker 1: quickly found themselves bedridden or even hospitalized in many cases. 465 00:24:28,400 --> 00:24:31,320 Speaker 1: But the sight of this suffering really struck a chord 466 00:24:31,400 --> 00:24:34,600 Speaker 1: in Pilates. And as a child, he had been incredibly sickly. 467 00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:39,320 Speaker 1: He'd racked with everything from asthma and rickets to rheumatic fever, 468 00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:42,360 Speaker 1: and this made him a natural target for bullies who 469 00:24:42,400 --> 00:24:45,879 Speaker 1: made his life really unpleasant as an adolescent. And the 470 00:24:45,880 --> 00:24:49,760 Speaker 1: way Pilate's recovered was devoting his life to fitness. So 471 00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:53,920 Speaker 1: he took up gymnastics and bodybuilding, martial arts, you name it. 472 00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:57,240 Speaker 1: The guy did it all, and his rehabilitation went so 473 00:24:57,280 --> 00:24:59,640 Speaker 1: well that by the age of fourteen, he was so 474 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:02,399 Speaker 1: off and so fit that he was asked to pose 475 00:25:02,480 --> 00:25:06,440 Speaker 1: for anatomical charts. And anyway, it's you know, pretty amazing. 476 00:25:06,480 --> 00:25:08,960 Speaker 1: But when Pilate saw the other men in the camp 477 00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:11,920 Speaker 1: in such dire straits, he decided to try and help 478 00:25:11,960 --> 00:25:14,080 Speaker 1: them through the same means that he had helped himself. 479 00:25:14,480 --> 00:25:17,080 Speaker 1: That's pretty amazing. So had he already developed all these 480 00:25:17,080 --> 00:25:19,800 Speaker 1: exercises or were they something he came up with specifically 481 00:25:19,800 --> 00:25:22,960 Speaker 1: in the camp. Well, I think that emphasis on breathing 482 00:25:23,080 --> 00:25:26,520 Speaker 1: and core strengthening was already in place, but he also 483 00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:29,160 Speaker 1: came up with new techniques, Like he noticed the way 484 00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:33,160 Speaker 1: certain animals performed these fluid stretching movements while they're lying down, 485 00:25:33,240 --> 00:25:35,840 Speaker 1: and it made him wonder like if the same moves 486 00:25:35,880 --> 00:25:38,560 Speaker 1: could be applied to those who were stuck in bed. 487 00:25:39,119 --> 00:25:43,320 Speaker 1: So to that end, Pilates gathered some straps, bunk bed springs, 488 00:25:43,359 --> 00:25:45,479 Speaker 1: and you know a few other odds and ends and 489 00:25:45,520 --> 00:25:48,720 Speaker 1: started to build this this really kind of a crude 490 00:25:48,760 --> 00:25:52,399 Speaker 1: home fitness machine that could provide prisoners of workout while 491 00:25:52,480 --> 00:25:55,760 Speaker 1: they were lying down. I mean, that is incredible, and 492 00:25:56,400 --> 00:25:59,240 Speaker 1: obviously it feels like it must have worked, because we're 493 00:25:59,240 --> 00:26:02,120 Speaker 1: still talking about lites today. But how did this actually 494 00:26:02,160 --> 00:26:06,320 Speaker 1: impact the inmates there? Well, the morale and the camp improved, 495 00:26:06,400 --> 00:26:10,840 Speaker 1: and supposedly the prisoners overall help improved. And in nineteen eighteen, 496 00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:14,440 Speaker 1: a nasty case of influenza swept through England, as many 497 00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:17,359 Speaker 1: us know from our history classes. And while of course 498 00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:20,480 Speaker 1: tons of people died from the pandemic, not a single 499 00:26:20,560 --> 00:26:23,600 Speaker 1: one of Pilate's trainees succumbed to the disease. I mean, 500 00:26:24,080 --> 00:26:26,679 Speaker 1: that's the fact that Pilates took his clear evidence of 501 00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:30,040 Speaker 1: the effectiveness of his system. So he was then buoyed 502 00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:33,480 Speaker 1: by this success, and so we continued developing his techniques 503 00:26:33,600 --> 00:26:36,439 Speaker 1: after he was released, and a little bit later he 504 00:26:36,520 --> 00:26:39,080 Speaker 1: made his way to the United States, and that's where 505 00:26:39,119 --> 00:26:41,760 Speaker 1: his unique methods helped spark of fitness craze that was 506 00:26:41,800 --> 00:26:45,280 Speaker 1: really focused on this connection between the muscle and the mind, 507 00:26:46,119 --> 00:26:49,639 Speaker 1: and the yoga pants crowd was forever grateful, right, you know, 508 00:26:50,040 --> 00:26:52,400 Speaker 1: But you know now that we've seen how the other 509 00:26:52,480 --> 00:26:54,680 Speaker 1: half exercise. But what do you say we check out 510 00:26:54,720 --> 00:26:57,080 Speaker 1: a couple of cultural norms that have shifted social class 511 00:26:57,119 --> 00:26:59,320 Speaker 1: over the years, all Right, well, before we do that, 512 00:26:59,400 --> 00:27:16,879 Speaker 1: let's take one more quick break. Okay. Well, so, one 513 00:27:16,920 --> 00:27:19,200 Speaker 1: of the biggest status symbol shifts I've noticed in recent 514 00:27:19,240 --> 00:27:21,359 Speaker 1: years is fashion, and there are a whole lot of 515 00:27:21,400 --> 00:27:25,280 Speaker 1: movers and shakers supporting this, like CEO casual look these days, 516 00:27:25,320 --> 00:27:29,600 Speaker 1: like instead of the Armani suits and Gucci dresses or whatever, 517 00:27:29,960 --> 00:27:33,880 Speaker 1: Silicon Valley moguls have been supporting sneakers, jeans, t shirts, 518 00:27:33,920 --> 00:27:36,840 Speaker 1: and not just at the gym, but in these professional 519 00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:40,080 Speaker 1: settings and at high profile events. All right, So, but 520 00:27:40,160 --> 00:27:42,520 Speaker 1: what are you suggesting? I mean that dressing down is 521 00:27:42,560 --> 00:27:45,000 Speaker 1: being co opted by the elite. I mean it feels 522 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:49,159 Speaker 1: like plenty of people still dress casually. But you know, 523 00:27:49,200 --> 00:27:51,280 Speaker 1: just because the wealthier loosening up a little doesn't mean 524 00:27:51,320 --> 00:27:53,520 Speaker 1: the rest of us have to start dressing fancy, does it? 525 00:27:53,600 --> 00:27:55,000 Speaker 1: Because that that makes me a little bit nervous if 526 00:27:55,040 --> 00:27:58,440 Speaker 1: I'm supposed to start dressing up. No, that's definitely true. 527 00:27:58,480 --> 00:28:01,280 Speaker 1: But what interested me is how different the results of 528 00:28:01,359 --> 00:28:04,119 Speaker 1: dressing down are for high status people compared to the 529 00:28:04,160 --> 00:28:07,160 Speaker 1: rest of us. What do you mean by that? Well, 530 00:28:07,359 --> 00:28:09,320 Speaker 1: think about what would happen if you wore sweatpants and 531 00:28:09,359 --> 00:28:12,240 Speaker 1: a hoodie to like a fancy investment meeting or or 532 00:28:12,280 --> 00:28:14,200 Speaker 1: trying to get a mortgage or something right, like, you'd 533 00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:17,880 Speaker 1: probably get some disapproving glances. But you know, there are 534 00:28:17,920 --> 00:28:21,320 Speaker 1: these unridden rules and social norms that we feel compelled 535 00:28:21,359 --> 00:28:24,239 Speaker 1: to go along with, and if we don't, we know 536 00:28:24,359 --> 00:28:26,840 Speaker 1: it would reflect poorly on us. So we tend to 537 00:28:26,840 --> 00:28:29,639 Speaker 1: pay attention to things like etiquette dress codes because we 538 00:28:29,680 --> 00:28:31,680 Speaker 1: don't want to be excluded and we want to maintain 539 00:28:31,680 --> 00:28:34,359 Speaker 1: our social standing. You know, people like you and I 540 00:28:34,560 --> 00:28:36,800 Speaker 1: like we play by the rules as much as possible. 541 00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:39,440 Speaker 1: But people with wealth and power have a lot more 542 00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:42,080 Speaker 1: wiggle room when it comes to social norms, Like they 543 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:45,200 Speaker 1: can afford to risk this disapproval that comes with wearing 544 00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:47,880 Speaker 1: red sneakers to a meeting or you know, jim clothes 545 00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:50,880 Speaker 1: to a nice restaurant, and studies have shown that rather 546 00:28:50,880 --> 00:28:55,400 Speaker 1: than hurting their reputation, it actually improves these people standings, 547 00:28:55,440 --> 00:28:58,440 Speaker 1: like in the eyes of others. That's interesting to think about. 548 00:28:58,440 --> 00:29:00,120 Speaker 1: So why do you think that is? Like when RK. 549 00:29:00,200 --> 00:29:02,720 Speaker 1: Zuckerberg wears jeans and a T shirt to a meeting 550 00:29:02,720 --> 00:29:05,239 Speaker 1: where everybody else is in a really fancy suit, like, 551 00:29:05,240 --> 00:29:08,920 Speaker 1: why would his social standing go up? Well, it's really 552 00:29:08,920 --> 00:29:11,480 Speaker 1: because of how aware we all are of the social 553 00:29:11,480 --> 00:29:14,840 Speaker 1: expectations that typically, you know, someone of his wealth and 554 00:29:14,880 --> 00:29:17,800 Speaker 1: influence would follow, Like we know that he knows we 555 00:29:17,840 --> 00:29:20,400 Speaker 1: expect him to dress well and behave a certain way, 556 00:29:20,440 --> 00:29:23,280 Speaker 1: so when he doesn't conform, it comes off as this 557 00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:26,440 Speaker 1: display of power, like he can afford to risk losing 558 00:29:26,480 --> 00:29:29,320 Speaker 1: status by dressing down because he just has that much 559 00:29:29,360 --> 00:29:32,960 Speaker 1: status to spare. Yeah, I mean that that is interesting, 560 00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:35,000 Speaker 1: But I mean, and I kind of can't believe I'm 561 00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:37,200 Speaker 1: saying this, But isn't it possible we're being a little 562 00:29:37,240 --> 00:29:39,800 Speaker 1: too hard on the Mark Zuckerberg's of the world, Like 563 00:29:40,280 --> 00:29:42,520 Speaker 1: who's to say he's dressing down as some kind of 564 00:29:42,520 --> 00:29:46,000 Speaker 1: a power play and not just because he likes comfortable clothes. 565 00:29:46,400 --> 00:29:49,120 Speaker 1: That's fair, But you know, whether he's bucking expectations on 566 00:29:49,160 --> 00:29:51,959 Speaker 1: purpose or not, he's still reaping the benefits of this 567 00:29:52,120 --> 00:29:55,960 Speaker 1: high status nonconformity. Right. There's this study I read about 568 00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:58,960 Speaker 1: in courts where researchers set up all these experiments to 569 00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:03,680 Speaker 1: see how non conforming behaviors enhanced the perception of status 570 00:30:03,760 --> 00:30:06,680 Speaker 1: and listen to the breakdown of what they found. So quote, 571 00:30:06,880 --> 00:30:10,120 Speaker 1: in one study, participants perceived that a guest wearing a 572 00:30:10,160 --> 00:30:12,920 Speaker 1: red bow tie at a black tie country club party 573 00:30:13,240 --> 00:30:15,680 Speaker 1: was a higher status member of the club and a 574 00:30:15,720 --> 00:30:19,120 Speaker 1: better golf player than a conforming individual wearing a black 575 00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:22,160 Speaker 1: bow tie. This assumption is based on the belief that 576 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:25,280 Speaker 1: the red bow tie wear has enough status and autonomy 577 00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:29,280 Speaker 1: to follow his preference even when they deviate from the norm. So, 578 00:30:29,560 --> 00:30:31,960 Speaker 1: in other words, all that matters is that the public 579 00:30:32,040 --> 00:30:35,280 Speaker 1: perceives someone is choosing not to conform, and since social 580 00:30:35,320 --> 00:30:38,960 Speaker 1: expectations are so ingrained, most of us assume that someone 581 00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:41,920 Speaker 1: like Zuckerberg actually knows what he's doing and is subverting 582 00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:45,360 Speaker 1: expectations on purpose, you know, once you lay it all out. 583 00:30:45,360 --> 00:30:47,360 Speaker 1: It reminds me of this other trend I read about, 584 00:30:47,360 --> 00:30:50,440 Speaker 1: where having lots of kids is now viewed as something 585 00:30:50,480 --> 00:30:53,800 Speaker 1: of a status symbol, because you know, looking back in history, 586 00:30:53,920 --> 00:30:56,920 Speaker 1: it's been just the opposite. Really, Like, the long running 587 00:30:56,920 --> 00:30:59,960 Speaker 1: stereotype is that, you know, the poor, the un edged 588 00:31:00,120 --> 00:31:03,520 Speaker 1: catd they tend to have the most children, while affluent 589 00:31:03,560 --> 00:31:07,400 Speaker 1: couples stop at maybe one or two kids. But I 590 00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:10,680 Speaker 1: was looking at this sociology professor at the University of Maryland. 591 00:31:10,760 --> 00:31:14,320 Speaker 1: His name is Steven Martin no relation to the Steve Martin. 592 00:31:14,360 --> 00:31:16,080 Speaker 1: I know he's a very talented guy, but he's not 593 00:31:16,120 --> 00:31:19,400 Speaker 1: a professor there. But those trends have been gradually shifting 594 00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:22,880 Speaker 1: since the late nineties seventies, and now the families having 595 00:31:22,920 --> 00:31:25,520 Speaker 1: the most kids are those with incomes in the top 596 00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:29,040 Speaker 1: one to one and a half percent. And so is 597 00:31:29,080 --> 00:31:30,800 Speaker 1: the idea that these people are having more kids as 598 00:31:30,800 --> 00:31:33,880 Speaker 1: a way to show off how rich they are. I mean, 599 00:31:33,880 --> 00:31:36,240 Speaker 1: I'm hoping that's not the main appeal of having kids 600 00:31:36,280 --> 00:31:38,480 Speaker 1: for them. But just like what you were saying about 601 00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:42,560 Speaker 1: public perception and casual dressing, the average person might look 602 00:31:42,560 --> 00:31:44,800 Speaker 1: at a big, well to do family and see it 603 00:31:44,840 --> 00:31:47,520 Speaker 1: as a sign of good fortune, and you know, the 604 00:31:47,560 --> 00:31:50,800 Speaker 1: inference being that parents must have plenty of time and 605 00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:52,920 Speaker 1: money to go around if they choose to have so 606 00:31:52,960 --> 00:31:55,760 Speaker 1: many kids. But I think the real takeaway is that 607 00:31:55,840 --> 00:31:59,040 Speaker 1: it's finally time for that posh Brady Bunch remake everybody 608 00:31:59,040 --> 00:32:00,959 Speaker 1: has wanted for so long. That's the main thing I've 609 00:32:01,000 --> 00:32:03,719 Speaker 1: been thinking about recently that has to come out. Well. 610 00:32:04,080 --> 00:32:06,960 Speaker 1: It is a strange thing to see, like kids almost 611 00:32:07,160 --> 00:32:10,080 Speaker 1: be seen as a status symbol, right, Yeah, And you 612 00:32:10,120 --> 00:32:12,720 Speaker 1: know I never would have guessed that just wearing sneakers 613 00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:16,000 Speaker 1: and a hoodie into a boardroom might help you qualify 614 00:32:16,040 --> 00:32:19,000 Speaker 1: as an elite. But let's go back to that term 615 00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:21,120 Speaker 1: elite for just a second if you don't mind, because 616 00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:24,520 Speaker 1: I think the word itself is an interesting example of 617 00:32:24,560 --> 00:32:27,640 Speaker 1: these shifting perceptions. So at the top of the show 618 00:32:27,880 --> 00:32:30,200 Speaker 1: we mentioned how it's been stretched to mean so many 619 00:32:30,240 --> 00:32:33,160 Speaker 1: different things over the years, and I'd actually argue that 620 00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:36,160 Speaker 1: the word has almost lost its meaning as a result 621 00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:38,800 Speaker 1: of that. Like, you know, at one point, elite was 622 00:32:38,880 --> 00:32:41,640 Speaker 1: just a word that meant the best or the best 623 00:32:41,640 --> 00:32:44,120 Speaker 1: in a group, So it started out as kind of 624 00:32:44,160 --> 00:32:48,040 Speaker 1: a generic compliment, and then over time it came to 625 00:32:48,080 --> 00:32:51,280 Speaker 1: refer specifically to people who were wealthy or influential, though 626 00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:54,800 Speaker 1: not necessarily in a derogatory way. But cut to today, 627 00:32:54,800 --> 00:32:57,480 Speaker 1: and that word can be used really more as a slur, 628 00:32:57,640 --> 00:33:01,880 Speaker 1: Like most people don't want to be perceived as elitist. Yeah, 629 00:33:01,960 --> 00:33:04,440 Speaker 1: I mean, elite now seems to come with a feeling 630 00:33:04,440 --> 00:33:07,400 Speaker 1: of like not one of us, Like squash isn't actually 631 00:33:07,400 --> 00:33:10,760 Speaker 1: superior to handball or batman or other sports. You know, 632 00:33:11,120 --> 00:33:13,640 Speaker 1: it's weird and fun, but it should actually be played 633 00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:16,360 Speaker 1: by everyone, and the same for lobster rolls and says 634 00:33:16,440 --> 00:33:19,280 Speaker 1: on like, don't let people tell you that these elite 635 00:33:19,320 --> 00:33:22,960 Speaker 1: things aren't for you. That's certainly a way to look 636 00:33:22,960 --> 00:33:24,640 Speaker 1: at things, but for now that what do you say? 637 00:33:24,640 --> 00:33:26,120 Speaker 1: We head off to the fact off and share a 638 00:33:26,120 --> 00:33:29,360 Speaker 1: few other shifting norms we came across this week. Yeah, 639 00:33:29,480 --> 00:33:41,080 Speaker 1: let's do it. So I and I did this great 640 00:33:41,120 --> 00:33:43,680 Speaker 1: list of things that used to be status symbols, and 641 00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:47,560 Speaker 1: at the top of their list was rotting pineapples. So 642 00:33:47,800 --> 00:33:51,080 Speaker 1: apparently in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, pineapples and particularly 643 00:33:51,080 --> 00:33:55,320 Speaker 1: like homegrown pineapples, were a massive investment. It costs about 644 00:33:55,440 --> 00:33:57,760 Speaker 1: five thousand pounds at the time, so if you had 645 00:33:57,840 --> 00:34:00,880 Speaker 1: any of these fruit, you definitely put on show instead 646 00:34:00,920 --> 00:34:04,040 Speaker 1: of devouring it. And in fact, pineapples used to be 647 00:34:04,280 --> 00:34:07,680 Speaker 1: displayed on mantles for months, just rotting there. But the 648 00:34:07,720 --> 00:34:09,920 Speaker 1: best part is that if you weren't rich enough to 649 00:34:09,960 --> 00:34:12,879 Speaker 1: have your own pineapple, there was a rental market for them, 650 00:34:12,880 --> 00:34:14,920 Speaker 1: so you could actually pick them up for parties or 651 00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:19,600 Speaker 1: just rent one for the evening. So strange, but maybe 652 00:34:19,640 --> 00:34:22,200 Speaker 1: not as strange as this fact I'm about to share. So, 653 00:34:22,840 --> 00:34:25,680 Speaker 1: according to the site British Path and the Victorian era, 654 00:34:25,760 --> 00:34:28,840 Speaker 1: it was actually fashionable to have rotting teeth because it 655 00:34:28,880 --> 00:34:31,839 Speaker 1: showed you were rich enough to afford sugar products and 656 00:34:31,920 --> 00:34:35,400 Speaker 1: confection areas, and so this actually led to plenty of 657 00:34:35,480 --> 00:34:38,719 Speaker 1: imitation to you would find upper class citizens that would 658 00:34:38,719 --> 00:34:41,560 Speaker 1: often paint their teeth black just to fit in or 659 00:34:41,600 --> 00:34:44,320 Speaker 1: show that they were spending their money on candy too. 660 00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:48,920 Speaker 1: So here's a quick one. A friendly X rays just 661 00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:51,080 Speaker 1: took over the world in the early twentieth century, and 662 00:34:51,160 --> 00:34:54,479 Speaker 1: Americans were so enamored with them that the wealthy would 663 00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:56,600 Speaker 1: just like line up to get their X ray taken 664 00:34:56,800 --> 00:35:00,319 Speaker 1: and basically seen your own bones and owning your own antle. 665 00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:04,280 Speaker 1: X ray picture became a crazy status symbol. That's so good, 666 00:35:04,480 --> 00:35:07,040 Speaker 1: all right. Well, this is from the Telegraph. Apparently when 667 00:35:07,120 --> 00:35:10,560 Speaker 1: lobster became too expensive in England, it was replaced with 668 00:35:10,719 --> 00:35:14,239 Speaker 1: a different ugly creature, which is the monk fish. In fact, 669 00:35:14,280 --> 00:35:17,120 Speaker 1: the article states it was branded as lobster but for 670 00:35:17,200 --> 00:35:20,160 Speaker 1: the poor. And while it was considered an easy and 671 00:35:20,280 --> 00:35:23,560 Speaker 1: cheap and you know, even tasty meal for fishermen and families, 672 00:35:23,600 --> 00:35:26,400 Speaker 1: the fish was actually banned in French markets because it 673 00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:30,920 Speaker 1: was considered too ugly and on appetizing for display. That's amazing. 674 00:35:31,640 --> 00:35:34,920 Speaker 1: So our pal Nick Green found these great original rules 675 00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:38,000 Speaker 1: for golf, and golf's obviously one of these elitist sports, 676 00:35:38,040 --> 00:35:40,360 Speaker 1: but when you look back at the old rules, it 677 00:35:40,400 --> 00:35:43,959 Speaker 1: actually makes the sport sounds so much less civilized. Uh. 678 00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:47,440 Speaker 1: And this rule is that if the player's ball strikes 679 00:35:47,480 --> 00:35:51,080 Speaker 1: his adversary or is caddy, the adversary loses the whole. 680 00:35:51,480 --> 00:35:54,640 Speaker 1: If it strikes his own caddy, the player loses the whole. 681 00:35:54,920 --> 00:35:58,000 Speaker 1: And this is from an eighteen twelve rule book at 682 00:35:58,080 --> 00:36:00,480 Speaker 1: St Andrew's course, so it's like a prestigious golf course, 683 00:36:00,480 --> 00:36:03,600 Speaker 1: but basically meant that if you were a ruthless player 684 00:36:03,920 --> 00:36:06,760 Speaker 1: and you're good enough at aiming, you could turn golf 685 00:36:06,800 --> 00:36:10,480 Speaker 1: into dodgeball with a much harder ball. Of course, I 686 00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:13,640 Speaker 1: mean that just takes the sport to another level. I 687 00:36:13,680 --> 00:36:15,839 Speaker 1: think more people would watch it if they were still 688 00:36:15,880 --> 00:36:19,080 Speaker 1: trying this kind of thing. For that fact, Mango, I 689 00:36:19,120 --> 00:36:21,200 Speaker 1: know we've shared a lot of really fun stuff today, 690 00:36:21,239 --> 00:36:24,840 Speaker 1: but I feel like that bit of rare violence from you, 691 00:36:24,920 --> 00:36:28,440 Speaker 1: even Mango talking about that, means you deserve the trophy. 692 00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:32,000 Speaker 1: So congratulations, thank you so much. I truly appreciate it. 693 00:36:33,719 --> 00:36:36,520 Speaker 1: All right. Well that's it for today, So from Gabe, Tristan, 694 00:36:36,640 --> 00:36:52,200 Speaker 1: Mango and me, thanks so much for listening. Thanks again 695 00:36:52,239 --> 00:36:54,440 Speaker 1: for listening. Part Time Genius is a production of how 696 00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:57,319 Speaker 1: stuff works and wouldn't be possible without several brilliant people 697 00:36:57,320 --> 00:37:00,000 Speaker 1: who do the important things we couldn't even begin to understand. 698 00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:03,080 Speaker 1: And Christa McNeil does the editing thing. Noel Brown made 699 00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:05,120 Speaker 1: the theme song and does the mixy mixy sound thing. 700 00:37:05,680 --> 00:37:08,759 Speaker 1: Jerry Rowland does the exact producer thing. Gay Bluesier is 701 00:37:08,760 --> 00:37:11,480 Speaker 1: our lead researcher, with support from the Research Army including 702 00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:14,439 Speaker 1: Austin Thompson, Nolan Brown and Lucas Adams and Eves Jeff 703 00:37:14,480 --> 00:37:16,640 Speaker 1: Cook gets the show to your ears. Good job, Eves. 704 00:37:16,760 --> 00:37:18,719 Speaker 1: If you like what you heard, we hope you'll subscribe, 705 00:37:18,719 --> 00:37:20,600 Speaker 1: And if you really really like what you've heard, maybe 706 00:37:20,600 --> 00:37:22,520 Speaker 1: you could leave a good review for us. Do we 707 00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:24,399 Speaker 1: do we forget Jason Jason who