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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from how Stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot Com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark,

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Speaker 1: and there's Charles W Chuck Bryant, there's Jerry Rowland. Back

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Speaker 1: together again at last, Just like last week. I was

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Speaker 1: about to say, what are you talking about? You know

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Speaker 1: what I'm talking about? Oilis what you're talking about. Um oh,

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Speaker 1: that's a pretty good one. Subtle, understated. Um So, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: how are you feeling today? Mm hmm, I'm kind of

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Speaker 1: tired of this weather. Yeah, it's pretty nasty. Huh. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I mean it's almost April in Atlanta and it's still

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Speaker 1: cold at night, it's um and during the day for that,

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Speaker 1: but it's usually like the way that Atlanta is for

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Speaker 1: those who don't know, it'll be cold, cold, cold, like

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Speaker 1: really cold down in the freezing. Sometimes it'll snow and

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Speaker 1: then it'll start to warm up, and then at the

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Speaker 1: end of February, boom, one more snow out of nowhere

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Speaker 1: and then spring. That's not how it's going this time. No,

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Speaker 1: it's been like real gloomy and dismal. Huh. It's okay,

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Speaker 1: it'll it'll clear up soon enough. Easter is on its way.

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Speaker 1: Peter Rabbit's gonna bring us some sunshine and springtime and

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Speaker 1: poison eggs. Poison eggs. Now, you're you're thinking of Halloween candy.

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Speaker 1: So um today, Chuck, we're not talking about Halloween or

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Speaker 1: Easter or even the weather. We're talking about something, um

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Speaker 1: that has become kind of a international global issue, rightfully so,

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Speaker 1: and like the best way possible because in this case,

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Speaker 1: the international community, the global community has kind of come

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Speaker 1: together to try to alleviate a really overlooked problem, literally

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Speaker 1: and figuratively overlooked problem, um land mines. Yeah, and has

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Speaker 1: been This isn't like a brand new effort, no, but

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Speaker 1: it's a little daunting to say the least, and depressing

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Speaker 1: it is. Um. There's something like I saw. There's all

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Speaker 1: these really, like you said, depressing statistics all over the

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Speaker 1: place when you look into land mines. Fortunately, although they

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Speaker 1: are daunting, they're not so daunting that people are just like,

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Speaker 1: forget it, We're not even gonna do this. But I

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Speaker 1: saw something like it would take eleven hundred years at

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Speaker 1: the current pace of progress to remove all the land

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Speaker 1: mines on Earth right now that are buried on Earth.

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Speaker 1: If not another single one is laid yeah. Well, part

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Speaker 1: of the problem though, was the number of they're laying

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Speaker 1: land mines twenty five times faster than we're gathering up

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Speaker 1: old land mines. Yes, yeah, that's the issue. Yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: like I saw us between two and a half million

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Speaker 1: and five million land mines are laid every year new

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Speaker 1: ones and more than a hundred million and over seventy

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Speaker 1: countries around the world. Uh, that's a lot in places

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Speaker 1: where there's no war conflict going on any longer. That's

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Speaker 1: the big problem with land mines. Well, there's a couple

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Speaker 1: of problems. One, they're indiscriminate. They don't they don't recognize

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Speaker 1: whether you're a civilian or um a soldier. They stick

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Speaker 1: around long after the conflict is over, and they still

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Speaker 1: managed to kill in maim thousands of people every year

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Speaker 1: around the world, which and apparently it's on an upswing

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Speaker 1: thanks to um the conflicts in Yemen, in Syria and

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Speaker 1: in some of the work of ice is as well.

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Speaker 1: It really is. There's like there's nothing that really more

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Speaker 1: that like kind of embodies like just the mute killing,

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Speaker 1: maiming aspect of war than a landmine. It's just a

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Speaker 1: dumb lump of explosive that you step on and it

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Speaker 1: blows you up, you know what I mean, And especially

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Speaker 1: the the years later effect, which is maybe there hasn't

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Speaker 1: been war for two decades and a little kid can

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Speaker 1: still come along and say, oh, what's this thing? And

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Speaker 1: then they don't have legs? Yeah, and the kids thing

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Speaker 1: is is real. So apparently land mines kill disproportionately kills

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Speaker 1: civilians way more than soldiers because of their ability to

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Speaker 1: be left over after war, and the most recent statistics

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Speaker 1: from two thousand sixteen, the majority of the civilians killed

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Speaker 1: were children. Yeah, I was, I was, actually I was

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Speaker 1: talking to you me about it. She grew up on

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Speaker 1: Okinawa and there's a lot of World War two unexploded

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Speaker 1: ordinance around there, and she was telling me that they

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Speaker 1: used to watch like educational films, saying like, if you

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Speaker 1: see something metal in the woods, stay away, go tell

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Speaker 1: an adult. She was like the movies they were they

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Speaker 1: were taught you know. Oh, I'm sure. Yeah, when you're

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Speaker 1: raised in an area where and we're talking about landmine specifically,

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Speaker 1: but in a lot of cases they're just unexploded bombs

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Speaker 1: and things like that too. Yeah, I know, like they

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Speaker 1: find something like a hundred tons of it in Belgium

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Speaker 1: alone every year, most of it from World War One

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Speaker 1: still wow. So, but we are talking specifically about land mines,

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Speaker 1: which seemed to kind of bear the focus of the

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Speaker 1: international efforts to to get rid of them, because they

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Speaker 1: are probably the biggest problem of unexploded ordinance today. Yeah. Well,

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Speaker 1: should we go back in time here and talk about

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Speaker 1: the history? Yeah? I think so. Yeah, this one was

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Speaker 1: interesting because I don't think a lot of people when

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Speaker 1: they hear about land mines know that they started in

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Speaker 1: like legit started during the American Civil War. No, I

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Speaker 1: thought world War two at the earliest. Yeah. So, uh.

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Speaker 1: In the American Civil War they were called torpedoes or

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Speaker 1: sub terra shells. That was a man, a North Carolinian

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Speaker 1: named Gabriel Raynes, who initially fought for the Union but

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Speaker 1: then said, wait a minute, I'm from North Carolina and

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Speaker 1: that X be sure how that switch happened. He's like

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Speaker 1: North Carolina's with the South. I Yi, yeah, uh. But

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Speaker 1: he was the first person to um sort of play

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Speaker 1: around with ease and eventually get a patent called the

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Speaker 1: Rains Patent on what essentially was a very sort of

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Speaker 1: early crude but effective land mine yeah, and so this

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Speaker 1: is at a time when like pitched battles are still

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Speaker 1: the norm, where like your your infantry meets my infantry

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Speaker 1: in a field, and like you do a bunch of shooting,

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Speaker 1: and then we do a bunch of shooting, and then

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Speaker 1: there's advancement and retreats and cannons and stuff like that.

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Speaker 1: It turned to shoot or their turn, I forgot, I

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Speaker 1: mean pretty much right, there's people like picnicking watching the battle.

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Speaker 1: Like that's how that's how staged they were. And and

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Speaker 1: the Confederacy didn't necessarily play by those rules. They did

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Speaker 1: in many battles for sure, but they also definitely had

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Speaker 1: a guerrilla facet to them as well. And this definitely

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Speaker 1: screams guerrilla warfare because the the Union Army was taken

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Speaker 1: totally off guard by the early um Land minds that

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Speaker 1: they encountered. Yeah, and it was not something that was

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Speaker 1: readily accepted into warfare. The generals were, um well, everyone

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Speaker 1: was scared first of all, once they got wind of

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Speaker 1: what these things were there all of a sudden, like

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Speaker 1: what like I can like we're literally just walking through

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Speaker 1: the woods and now we can just die right and

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Speaker 1: with no enemy nearby and apparently Gabriel Reins himself was

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Speaker 1: one of the first to lay a bunch of these

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Speaker 1: from the road to Richmond after the defeat of a battle,

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Speaker 1: and that's when they first the Union army first encountered

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Speaker 1: these things. Well, yeah, so not only were they scared,

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Speaker 1: but then the the you know, the the hierarchy, the generals,

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Speaker 1: we're pretty ticked off. They were like this is you know,

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Speaker 1: one of the quotes is the rebels have been guilty

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Speaker 1: of the most murderous and barbarous conduct. So they were

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Speaker 1: not welcomed into warfare. They thought it was sort of

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Speaker 1: a cheap trick and a dirty, a dirty, rotten thing

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Speaker 1: to do. Yeah, and like you said, it scared the troops,

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Speaker 1: it upset the generals. And these were not just like

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Speaker 1: land mines like we think of them now. They were

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Speaker 1: like booby trapped, like they put them in flower sacks

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Speaker 1: and when you reached into a flower sack, boom that

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Speaker 1: blew up and put them around like if the if

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Speaker 1: the Confederates abandoned like an outpost, they would put them

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Speaker 1: around the well, around the water like places. They knew

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Speaker 1: the Union troops were gonna go, and you could either

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Speaker 1: set them off by stepping on them like a modern

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Speaker 1: land mine, or they would attach things like tools to

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Speaker 1: them with like a string, so you would bend down

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Speaker 1: and pick up the tool and set off this land

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Speaker 1: mine that was buried nearby. Um. And at first the Confederates,

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Speaker 1: to some of the Confederate higher ups, were like, I

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Speaker 1: don't know if this is okay, even even in a

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Speaker 1: civil war, and we're you know, the Confederacy were in

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Speaker 1: some ways a guerrilla army. I'm not sure we should

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Speaker 1: be using these. And then finally after a while they're like, okay,

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Speaker 1: we we kind of need every tool we can get

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Speaker 1: in the toolbox. And they acquiesced and started using them,

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Speaker 1: and they spread them all over the South apparently. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and they don't have any figures on the soldiers that

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Speaker 1: were killed, but they do know that total between the

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Speaker 1: Union and the Confederates thirty five. Well, actually that's not true.

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Speaker 1: Thirty five Union ships went down. One Confederate ship went down,

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Speaker 1: which I'm taking was an accident. Mm hmmm, I don't know. Maybe, yeah.

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Speaker 1: But remarkably it says here in this article you said

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Speaker 1: that they found them, they were still finding them in

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Speaker 1: the nineteen sixties and Alabama, Yeah, which makes you wonder.

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Speaker 1: I wonder, like, how many are they're still out there,

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Speaker 1: like in around Atlanta. You know, I don't know, I mean,

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Speaker 1: surely none. Right well, you would hope also that after

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Speaker 1: this time the explosives would have decayed enough after being

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Speaker 1: exposed the weather for this long. One of the articles

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Speaker 1: that we used said that the um that land mines

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Speaker 1: modern land mines have a useful life of over fifty years.

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Speaker 1: Surely by now whatever they had attached to the Confederate

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Speaker 1: land mines are no longer useful even if you did

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Speaker 1: find him in the woods, I would think so, which

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Speaker 1: is not to say you should do like a belly

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Speaker 1: flop on it to test it out. You find something

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Speaker 1: that even vaguely resembles a land mine in the woods

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Speaker 1: of the southeastern United States, run and tell somebody that

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Speaker 1: is the worst way to test out whether or not

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Speaker 1: a land mine is still capable of working, agreed, is

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Speaker 1: the belly flop method. So the Civil Wars where they

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Speaker 1: got their start, and and they came into use pretty

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Speaker 1: quickly after they were invented, but it was World War

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Speaker 1: One and then really World War Two where they really

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Speaker 1: came into focus. And our article from how stuff works

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Speaker 1: Um says that the land mines for World War One

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Speaker 1: and two were invented to prevent people from picking up

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Speaker 1: the land minds that were originally invented to blow up tanks. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean there were certain they realized that there were

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Speaker 1: a few uses. They could either uh lay a minefield

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Speaker 1: to keep a group of troops and or tanks from

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Speaker 1: going to a certain place. Uh. Sometimes it was too

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Speaker 1: reroute a group of people in tanks to a different

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Speaker 1: area because they're like, oh, well, we know that's minefield,

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Speaker 1: so we gotta go this way, which might play right

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Speaker 1: into the plans of the opposition. Uh. And then sometimes

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Speaker 1: it's just to slow slow everybody down until they can

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Speaker 1: get reinforcements. Right. So, I mean there is a use

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Speaker 1: for this besides just blowing somebody up. There's a larger

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Speaker 1: strategic use For me. I hadn't really thought about. I

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Speaker 1: always thought it was just, you know, a nasty way

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Speaker 1: of blowing somebody up by chance, you know. But it

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Speaker 1: really does send a message to which is don't keep

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Speaker 1: going straight. You're gonna have to go one way or

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Speaker 1: another because obviously this place's mind and and really there's

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Speaker 1: only one way to find out whether a place's mind too,

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Speaker 1: especially during warfare. Like it's not like the the enemy

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Speaker 1: posts a sign that says we've mined this field. Suckers,

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Speaker 1: like you find out because one of them goes off,

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Speaker 1: either on a tank or one of your soldiers. You know, well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: and if one of them goes off, it's there. I

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Speaker 1: don't think they were using like random rogue land mines.

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Speaker 1: It was more likely a minefield, right. So, um, World

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Speaker 1: War two is where they really kind of came into play.

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Speaker 1: One of the things I saw is that one of so,

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Speaker 1: I guess by the numbers, the most mind place in

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Speaker 1: the world as far as countries go, is Egypt. Oh really,

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Speaker 1: I was like, what I mean by a long shot,

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Speaker 1: Egypt has something like, um, I think two hundred and

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Speaker 1: thirty million No, sorry, twenty three million minds unexploded around Egypt.

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Speaker 1: Egypt is not that big, right, I think they have

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Speaker 1: like sixty per square kilometer square miles something like that.

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Speaker 1: So they've got twenty three million miles And I was like,

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Speaker 1: why Egypt? And it was the Nazis during the North

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Speaker 1: African theater fighting in World War two. The Nazis mind

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Speaker 1: all over around there. But apparently Egypt got the brunt

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Speaker 1: of it, and there's still twenty three million unexploded minds

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Speaker 1: they estimate in Egypt from World War two. Should we

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Speaker 1: take a break? Yeah's all right, We'll take a break

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Speaker 1: and we'll come back and we'll talk about the two

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Speaker 1: main types of land mines that we're going to cover

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Speaker 1: today right after this definite should I sk as watched

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Speaker 1: by SKO should know? All right? So, uh, for the

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Speaker 1: purposes of this. And you know, there are more than

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Speaker 1: three hundred and fifty types of mind so that would

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Speaker 1: be ex austi to go through all those. But the

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Speaker 1: way our article breaks it down, which makes sense to me.

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Speaker 1: Or and the two main groups, which are anti personnel

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Speaker 1: minds and anti tank minds. Um, they both do about

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Speaker 1: the same thing, which is explode after pressure is put

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Speaker 1: on them. But in the cases of a tank, of course,

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Speaker 1: they're going to be bigger with more boom and require

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Speaker 1: more weight in order to make it go boom, right,

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Speaker 1: more pressure. Yeah, So the the anti anti personnel minds,

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Speaker 1: those are much lighter, much smaller, much cheaper, and I

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Speaker 1: think found in much greater abundance around the world. Um,

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Speaker 1: there's there's one that this article covers called the M

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Speaker 1: fourteen blast mind. And we should say there's actually a

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Speaker 1: few different types of minds, especially as far as anti

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Speaker 1: personnel minds go. Right. Yeah, So, um, there's this the

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Speaker 1: standard blast mind, which as you step on it it

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Speaker 1: goes boom um and bad things happen to you as

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Speaker 1: a result. There's the bounding mind or bouncing mind. Um.

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Speaker 1: Basically it means the same thing where you step on

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Speaker 1: the mind, Uh, a fuses lit that that ignites a

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Speaker 1: propeller charge which shoots the mind upward from under under

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Speaker 1: the ground just barely covered over by the ground up

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Speaker 1: to about chester head height, which then the mind explodes.

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Speaker 1: So it's designed to do even worse damage. Yeah. Those

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Speaker 1: are called bouncing betties or German s minds um, either

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Speaker 1: for spring or shrapnel, and those I think I've seen

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Speaker 1: those in movies before. Uh that stuff is just nuts, man.

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Speaker 1: You step on something and all of a sudden it

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Speaker 1: it bounces up in the air to about your chest

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Speaker 1: and makes a horrible whizzing sound too, if I remember correctly. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean talk about like just sheer intimidation factor too. Sure. Um,

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Speaker 1: And so the bouncing mind or the bounding mind is

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Speaker 1: is meant clearly to kill. The blast mind is meant

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Speaker 1: to maime. It's probably it may not kill you, although

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Speaker 1: you could die of like your injuries later on from

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Speaker 1: like an infection or something like that. Um or you

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Speaker 1: could bleed out if it, if it, if it got

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Speaker 1: enough of your femoral artery, you would be in big

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Speaker 1: trouble there. But it's it's designed mainly just to maim you,

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Speaker 1: take you out of commission. Whereas a bounding mine is

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Speaker 1: meant to to to blow you up and kill you.

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Speaker 1: Then there's a fragmentation mind. That's the third type of

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Speaker 1: anti personnel mine. And and I don't I mean, like

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Speaker 1: for those of you out here you can't see me

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Speaker 1: and chuck, but our fingers are kind of like digging

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Speaker 1: into the tabletop. Now, this is just so grim and gruesome,

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Speaker 1: you know, it's not it's not we're not even talking

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Speaker 1: about shooting somebody. It's talking about these things designed to

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Speaker 1: blow somebody up or blow their leg off, you know. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: And I think what's most disconcerting about like like a

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Speaker 1: mine field of blast minds is the purpose to lay

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Speaker 1: a mine field of blast minds is to almost certainly

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Speaker 1: reroute somebody or to keep somebody from going somewhere. So

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Speaker 1: it's not like they're saying, we're gonna put down three

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Speaker 1: hundred minds here because we want to blow off three

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Speaker 1: hundred feet of soldiers. Uh, they just have to scatter them.

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Speaker 1: So a couple of people get their feet blown off

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Speaker 1: and they go, holy cower in a minefield. We've got

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Speaker 1: to go a different direction. But the residual effect is

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Speaker 1: there's still two d of those things out there. You know,

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Speaker 1: it's like a numbers game. So it's just it's like

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Speaker 1: the lowest common denominator of of strategy almost. Yeah, but

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Speaker 1: it's effective, which is why they keep using them. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: And I think also like if the army, the army

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Speaker 1: that was retreating laying those mines in their wake, if

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Speaker 1: they got three hundred feet blown off, they'd be fine

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Speaker 1: with that. Even though that, like you say, that's not

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Speaker 1: the that's not the ultimate aim of it. It's to

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Speaker 1: to redirect people or to stall them in till reinforcements

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Speaker 1: can come for you. Well, yeah, and you don't keep

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Speaker 1: going like after it happens a couple of times or

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Speaker 1: maybe even once, you don't think, well, man, well let's

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Speaker 1: just press on and see what happens, right, Maybe that

306
00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:14,920
Speaker 1: was a fluke, maybe that was a geothermal spring, and um,

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Speaker 1: you talked about someone's foot being blown off. Supposedly the

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Speaker 1: nickname for the m Fort Team blast mine, which we'll

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Speaker 1: talk about in a second, those are called toe poppers,

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Speaker 1: which is kind of undersells it to me, I think. So. Um,

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Speaker 1: the last one, the last type of anti personnel mine

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Speaker 1: um is a fragmentation mind and that's meant to get

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Speaker 1: a bunch of guys all at once, all around you.

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Speaker 1: And it may not, um, it may not take off

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Speaker 1: their leg, it may not kill anybody, but it's certainly

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Speaker 1: going to slow down several, um several soldiers at once

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Speaker 1: because these blow up and they shoot fragments everywhere like

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Speaker 1: a pretty long way, right. So the Claymore mind is

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Speaker 1: an example of a fragmentation grenade or a fragmentation um my.

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00:19:00,080 --> 00:19:03,159
Speaker 1: And then so too are cluster minds, which kind of

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Speaker 1: fall into a different category because there dropped out of bombs,

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00:19:07,600 --> 00:19:11,640
Speaker 1: typically dropped from aircraft. They fall out of cylinders, hundreds

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Speaker 1: of them, and then when they hit the ground, they

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Speaker 1: blow up and shoot hundreds of fragments. So each of

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Speaker 1: those hundreds of small mines shoots out hundreds of fragments.

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Speaker 1: The reason they become de facto land mines is because

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Speaker 1: not all of them blow up, and so they can

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Speaker 1: be found later and then blow up when they're being

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Speaker 1: handled by a kid or a curious civilian or something.

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Speaker 1: Play more with claymore. Remember that from The Simpsons, No,

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Speaker 1: I think it was. It was a long time ago,

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Speaker 1: but I think that was like a poster in the

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Speaker 1: shop of like an army Navy store or something like

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Speaker 1: the guy the guy missing an arm Oh maybe so, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I remember that was like one of the first season ones.

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Speaker 1: I'll bet it was old for sure. I forgot about him.

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Speaker 1: Oh and by the way, our buddy Kevin Pollock just

338
00:19:56,200 --> 00:20:00,200
Speaker 1: guessed it on The Simpsons after that many years. Would

339
00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:01,320
Speaker 1: have thought he would have been on by now. But

340
00:20:01,400 --> 00:20:03,920
Speaker 1: he did it like two or three voices this past week.

341
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Speaker 1: I did not know that. I gotta see that one. Yeah,

342
00:20:06,840 --> 00:20:08,480
Speaker 1: it was good. How do you do? Did he cracker

343
00:20:08,520 --> 00:20:11,800
Speaker 1: under pressure? He did a great job. I'm sure he

344
00:20:11,840 --> 00:20:16,840
Speaker 1: did all right. So the M fourteen is um These

345
00:20:16,840 --> 00:20:19,160
Speaker 1: are small like it fits in the palm of your hand.

346
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Speaker 1: It's about an inch and a half one six inches

347
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Speaker 1: tall and about two point two inches in diameter, and

348
00:20:26,400 --> 00:20:28,359
Speaker 1: we developed this here in the US in the nineteen

349
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Speaker 1: fifties and it has been sort of a go to

350
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Speaker 1: around the world since then. Uh, this one is not

351
00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:40,280
Speaker 1: a very big boom um, but it does cause damage

352
00:20:40,280 --> 00:20:43,320
Speaker 1: with these little, these little silver beabies that it shoots out.

353
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Speaker 1: That's the toe popper one. So oh, it does have

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Speaker 1: babies that it shoots out. I thought it was just

355
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Speaker 1: a straight up blast mine and I thought this one

356
00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:54,399
Speaker 1: had babies. Maybe not. I don't know. Um, I I

357
00:20:54,520 --> 00:20:58,000
Speaker 1: know that this I don't know. Possibly it could be modified,

358
00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:00,440
Speaker 1: but it is small and it looks like a mean

359
00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:04,760
Speaker 1: little hockey puck basically the whole the and one of

360
00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:08,159
Speaker 1: the things that you're gonna find, um in minds throughout

361
00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:11,720
Speaker 1: the world is something that's called a Belleville spring, and

362
00:21:11,800 --> 00:21:16,000
Speaker 1: it's basically like a washer that you put on, um, well,

363
00:21:16,160 --> 00:21:19,000
Speaker 1: a bolt. You know what else You're gonna put a

364
00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:22,040
Speaker 1: washer on, you weirdo. So it's a washer, but it's

365
00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:26,720
Speaker 1: kind of popped upward on one side. So the Belleville

366
00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:30,080
Speaker 1: spring holds up the firing pin. But when you put

367
00:21:30,160 --> 00:21:32,520
Speaker 1: enough pressure on it and you overcome the pressure, the

368
00:21:32,560 --> 00:21:35,280
Speaker 1: upward pressure being exerted by the belleville spring, it kind

369
00:21:35,280 --> 00:21:38,719
Speaker 1: of pops downward and when it does that, it taps

370
00:21:38,720 --> 00:21:42,000
Speaker 1: that firing pin which shoots down into the detonator. It's

371
00:21:42,119 --> 00:21:46,120
Speaker 1: really cheap, really easy to to use, and really effective,

372
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Speaker 1: and it's it's found through in minds of all different

373
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Speaker 1: types and varieties. It's usually the thing holding everything in place,

374
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Speaker 1: and then that's what pressure overcomes as a belleville spring,

375
00:21:55,960 --> 00:21:58,960
Speaker 1: and they're found in the m Fort team minds as well. Yeah,

376
00:21:58,960 --> 00:22:01,919
Speaker 1: it's sort of like, uh, like the hand grenade. It's

377
00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:06,280
Speaker 1: not a very sophisticated piece of gear. Um, it's very

378
00:22:06,359 --> 00:22:09,040
Speaker 1: kind of rudimentary. And on all of them there's some

379
00:22:09,040 --> 00:22:11,760
Speaker 1: sort of safety clip, just like a grenade. You remove

380
00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:14,800
Speaker 1: the clip and usually there's some sort of switch that

381
00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:18,119
Speaker 1: either says I mean doesn't say this, but basically it

382
00:22:18,160 --> 00:22:21,639
Speaker 1: says either boom or no boom, and you switch it

383
00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:25,320
Speaker 1: to boom and set it down and walk away yeah backwards,

384
00:22:26,440 --> 00:22:29,960
Speaker 1: yeah slowly. Um. And yeah, you cover it up maybe

385
00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:32,080
Speaker 1: with some leaves, a little bit of dirt, just enough

386
00:22:32,119 --> 00:22:34,239
Speaker 1: so that it can't be seen, but not enough that

387
00:22:34,280 --> 00:22:36,879
Speaker 1: you would dampen the blast at all, or make it

388
00:22:36,960 --> 00:22:38,919
Speaker 1: so that any of the pressure is damp them. And

389
00:22:38,960 --> 00:22:41,160
Speaker 1: all it takes is like twenty pounds or nine kg

390
00:22:41,440 --> 00:22:44,679
Speaker 1: of pressure from say somebody stepping on it, and that

391
00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:47,600
Speaker 1: sets off the I think it's got something like, uh,

392
00:22:48,359 --> 00:22:53,040
Speaker 1: how many grams of tetra in the M fourteen, So

393
00:22:53,160 --> 00:22:55,400
Speaker 1: that's again that's not very much, but it's enough that

394
00:22:55,480 --> 00:22:58,280
Speaker 1: you will, say, lose your foot, or if you're stepping

395
00:22:58,280 --> 00:23:00,280
Speaker 1: directly on it, you may lose part of your leg,

396
00:23:00,440 --> 00:23:02,960
Speaker 1: and not necessarily right then, but you may have to

397
00:23:02,960 --> 00:23:06,080
Speaker 1: have it amputated later on, which makes it even nastier.

398
00:23:06,080 --> 00:23:08,159
Speaker 1: I mean, I understand the point of this. It's like

399
00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:11,360
Speaker 1: there's one soldier who's not fighting anymore. He's over there,

400
00:23:11,359 --> 00:23:14,960
Speaker 1: so sapping the healthcare resources of the the the medical

401
00:23:15,040 --> 00:23:19,359
Speaker 1: medical core. I mean, that's that's a that's a lifelong injury.

402
00:23:19,480 --> 00:23:22,800
Speaker 1: That's a nasty thing to put down as a three

403
00:23:22,800 --> 00:23:27,720
Speaker 1: dollar um, a three dollar weapon that's just left behind

404
00:23:27,800 --> 00:23:31,719
Speaker 1: under the dirt, by the hundreds, by the thousands, by

405
00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:34,600
Speaker 1: the millions apparently every year. Yeah, imagine that setting these

406
00:23:34,720 --> 00:23:37,919
Speaker 1: is a little unnerving to like, I know that technically,

407
00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:41,240
Speaker 1: even for these small ones, it takes, however many pounds

408
00:23:41,280 --> 00:23:44,680
Speaker 1: of pressure, but it's it's still probably a little bit

409
00:23:44,760 --> 00:23:47,719
Speaker 1: unnerving when you flip that thing to on and stoop

410
00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:50,000
Speaker 1: a little dirt on top of it. Yeah, I mean

411
00:23:50,040 --> 00:23:51,800
Speaker 1: you don't want to like throw a dirt chunk on

412
00:23:51,800 --> 00:23:54,160
Speaker 1: it or anything like that. Yeah. Or what about being

413
00:23:54,200 --> 00:23:56,640
Speaker 1: the guy who drives the truck that has crates full

414
00:23:56,680 --> 00:23:59,480
Speaker 1: of those things in the back. You're just hoping that

415
00:23:59,520 --> 00:24:03,040
Speaker 1: all of them have the safety in Yeah. So that's

416
00:24:03,040 --> 00:24:05,359
Speaker 1: the M fourteen. That's the one that's probably the most

417
00:24:05,359 --> 00:24:08,359
Speaker 1: common throughout the world, mostly because it's the cheapest. Like

418
00:24:08,359 --> 00:24:11,320
Speaker 1: I said, it costs about three U s dollars to

419
00:24:11,440 --> 00:24:14,879
Speaker 1: make one of those things, although supposedly it costs about

420
00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:18,200
Speaker 1: a thousand dollars to remove one man not well, that's

421
00:24:18,200 --> 00:24:20,639
Speaker 1: part of the problem too, Yeah for sure. So the

422
00:24:20,760 --> 00:24:23,080
Speaker 1: M sixteen is another account. This is one of the

423
00:24:23,119 --> 00:24:26,679
Speaker 1: bounding uh our fragmentation minds that we're talking about that

424
00:24:26,720 --> 00:24:29,560
Speaker 1: pop up from the ground. Uh. And that has three

425
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:33,359
Speaker 1: main components the mind fuse propelling charge to lift it

426
00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:36,720
Speaker 1: out like you said, uh, and then this cast iron housing.

427
00:24:36,840 --> 00:24:39,440
Speaker 1: And it is it is bigger. It's about almost eight

428
00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:43,280
Speaker 1: inches tall and about five inches in diameter, and it

429
00:24:43,280 --> 00:24:47,120
Speaker 1: has about a little over one pounds of TNT inside,

430
00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:50,800
Speaker 1: So that's that's quite a bit of boom going on. Yes,

431
00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:53,439
Speaker 1: and again when you when you either step on the

432
00:24:53,440 --> 00:24:56,199
Speaker 1: thing and you overcome the upward pressure from the Belleville

433
00:24:56,240 --> 00:24:59,080
Speaker 1: spring or I think these things can also be booby trap,

434
00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:02,959
Speaker 1: so like, uh, a wire can be attached to uh

435
00:25:03,600 --> 00:25:07,200
Speaker 1: the firing pin. Either way, the firing pin shoots down,

436
00:25:07,560 --> 00:25:11,840
Speaker 1: ignites that um that percussion cap, which sends the thing upward,

437
00:25:12,119 --> 00:25:15,240
Speaker 1: and then a second detonator that's been on a delay

438
00:25:15,359 --> 00:25:18,199
Speaker 1: fuse explodes once it reaches about three ft or a

439
00:25:18,200 --> 00:25:20,520
Speaker 1: meter into the air. Yeah. I think one of the

440
00:25:20,920 --> 00:25:23,720
Speaker 1: scariest parts of this one too is, at least in

441
00:25:23,720 --> 00:25:27,800
Speaker 1: the movies, there's like that split second, uh where you're

442
00:25:27,800 --> 00:25:29,720
Speaker 1: a soldier and you see that thing pop up in

443
00:25:29,720 --> 00:25:32,760
Speaker 1: the air and you know what's coming right. Yeah, with

444
00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:36,560
Speaker 1: a with a regular old blast mine, it's like step boom.

445
00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:38,879
Speaker 1: You know, you probably don't have much of a chance

446
00:25:38,920 --> 00:25:42,280
Speaker 1: to register that you've just stepped on something. Whereas yeah,

447
00:25:42,359 --> 00:25:45,359
Speaker 1: that fragmentation mine and and again, like the sound that

448
00:25:45,400 --> 00:25:49,880
Speaker 1: it makes is just horrifically unnerving. Yeah, well, I should say,

449
00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:54,240
Speaker 1: at least from the movies, Yeah, when movies are always right. Yeah. Um,

450
00:25:54,280 --> 00:25:56,719
Speaker 1: speaking of movies though, like in the hurt Locker I know,

451
00:25:57,320 --> 00:26:01,280
Speaker 1: and I've seen in other movie is like, um, I

452
00:26:01,320 --> 00:26:03,800
Speaker 1: think generally step on it and once that pressure is

453
00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:09,240
Speaker 1: released is when the boom happens. So I remember episodes

454
00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:12,600
Speaker 1: of maybe Mash and other like war movies I've seen

455
00:26:12,640 --> 00:26:16,199
Speaker 1: there have been like soldiers would step on one and

456
00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:19,280
Speaker 1: hear the click and then be like, well, I've gotta

457
00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:21,800
Speaker 1: stand on this thing now until we figure it out. Right.

458
00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:25,119
Speaker 1: I was under that impression too, But nowhere in my

459
00:26:25,200 --> 00:26:28,639
Speaker 1: research did I find that to be the case. Really. Yeah,

460
00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:31,000
Speaker 1: for me, everything I saw was once you step on

461
00:26:31,080 --> 00:26:34,760
Speaker 1: it and that pressure overcomes the Belleville spring, the firing

462
00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:38,400
Speaker 1: pin is shot downward into the detonation cap, and then

463
00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:40,960
Speaker 1: once that happens, or the detonator I should say, once

464
00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:44,399
Speaker 1: that happens, the whole thing explodes. There's not like a

465
00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:47,919
Speaker 1: once you lift up then the pressure or the firing

466
00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:50,080
Speaker 1: pin has dropped. My guess is that they did not

467
00:26:50,560 --> 00:26:52,720
Speaker 1: completely create that out of hull cloth, and out of

468
00:26:52,760 --> 00:26:55,719
Speaker 1: the three and fifty types of land mines that some

469
00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:58,600
Speaker 1: of them probably do that. Yeah, you're probably right. I'm

470
00:26:58,640 --> 00:27:00,959
Speaker 1: just saying I didn't run across any had that, and

471
00:27:01,080 --> 00:27:03,960
Speaker 1: I noticed that as well. So next up we have

472
00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:07,800
Speaker 1: the tank mines that we were talking about. Um, with

473
00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:10,920
Speaker 1: the arrival of tanks basically is when we started getting

474
00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:15,600
Speaker 1: these anti tank mines. And they're much much larger and

475
00:27:15,640 --> 00:27:18,960
Speaker 1: they require at least like three plus pounds of pressure.

476
00:27:19,600 --> 00:27:23,600
Speaker 1: So unless you're a big boy soldier, then you're not

477
00:27:23,640 --> 00:27:25,960
Speaker 1: going to detonate them by stepping on them. It's still

478
00:27:25,960 --> 00:27:28,960
Speaker 1: probably again, I don't think you would give that a

479
00:27:29,040 --> 00:27:31,800
Speaker 1: try and say not only way to seventy five. Let

480
00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:36,960
Speaker 1: me say what happens, but those are built too uh

481
00:27:37,240 --> 00:27:39,800
Speaker 1: disabled a tank. Sometimes they can have so much boom

482
00:27:39,880 --> 00:27:42,159
Speaker 1: that it can it can kill people around it, but

483
00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:46,119
Speaker 1: generally it's to blow the tracks off of the tank,

484
00:27:46,600 --> 00:27:50,280
Speaker 1: right and yeah, and so once the tank is disabled,

485
00:27:50,840 --> 00:27:55,439
Speaker 1: that's a yeah, that's a big win. So um again,

486
00:27:55,480 --> 00:27:58,199
Speaker 1: they started making those from what I can understand as

487
00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:00,399
Speaker 1: far as World War One goes, they made those first,

488
00:28:00,800 --> 00:28:03,800
Speaker 1: and then they made the anti personnel ones to keep

489
00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:06,320
Speaker 1: people from just going up and picking up the mines

490
00:28:06,400 --> 00:28:09,960
Speaker 1: and removing them. Yeah, so like they'll surround an anti

491
00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:14,760
Speaker 1: tank mine with several anti personnel mines right, and you

492
00:28:14,800 --> 00:28:17,040
Speaker 1: said it has a big boom to it. It's this

493
00:28:17,080 --> 00:28:21,240
Speaker 1: thing is um has twenty two almost twenty three pounds,

494
00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:25,720
Speaker 1: so over ten km of composition B which is T

495
00:28:25,960 --> 00:28:29,320
Speaker 1: N T and R d X. It is a lot

496
00:28:29,359 --> 00:28:33,800
Speaker 1: of boom um. And if you have ever seen anybody

497
00:28:33,840 --> 00:28:37,520
Speaker 1: removing anti tank mine, you get the impression that, yes,

498
00:28:37,600 --> 00:28:41,200
Speaker 1: it would, it would tear a tank up pretty pretty well. Yeah,

499
00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:43,640
Speaker 1: and you want to take another break and then come

500
00:28:43,680 --> 00:28:46,920
Speaker 1: back and talk about removing some of these things, Okay,

501
00:28:47,080 --> 00:29:10,960
Speaker 1: definitely large sky wandk Okay Chuck. So we talked about

502
00:29:11,120 --> 00:29:14,120
Speaker 1: what's out there and how many are out there. There

503
00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:19,720
Speaker 1: are people who are dedicated to removing these things. As

504
00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:23,720
Speaker 1: a matter of fact, a group formed the uh AN

505
00:29:23,720 --> 00:29:31,960
Speaker 1: International Land Mine Treaty Band Treaty UM to basically outlaw

506
00:29:32,080 --> 00:29:35,040
Speaker 1: those things, and there's a hundred and sixty four countries

507
00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:36,800
Speaker 1: that have signed it. Most of those, I think a

508
00:29:36,840 --> 00:29:40,400
Speaker 1: hundred and sixty three have ratified it, and it basically

509
00:29:40,440 --> 00:29:45,160
Speaker 1: says that we are not going to produce stockpile or

510
00:29:45,200 --> 00:29:49,000
Speaker 1: transfer any minds any longer land mines of any kind

511
00:29:49,040 --> 00:29:53,600
Speaker 1: any longer, and we're also going to work toward removing

512
00:29:53,640 --> 00:29:57,240
Speaker 1: old minds and getting rid of them and then financially

513
00:29:57,280 --> 00:30:02,440
Speaker 1: and medically assisting the survi iver's or victims of land

514
00:30:02,440 --> 00:30:06,320
Speaker 1: mines casualties of land mines. UH. Specifically, I think civilians

515
00:30:06,320 --> 00:30:09,120
Speaker 1: who have undergone who have been blown up by a

516
00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:12,800
Speaker 1: land mine, and they I think they formed in within

517
00:30:12,880 --> 00:30:15,760
Speaker 1: two years they won the Nobel Prize. Yeah, this is

518
00:30:15,760 --> 00:30:18,560
Speaker 1: an interesting one because the U. S And Cuba are

519
00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:20,440
Speaker 1: one of the only two Western countries that have not

520
00:30:20,560 --> 00:30:25,760
Speaker 1: signed onto this UM. However, the US is also probably

521
00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:28,920
Speaker 1: the leading country in the world at pouring money into

522
00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:33,560
Speaker 1: land mine eradication and support. UH. And for their money,

523
00:30:33,600 --> 00:30:37,160
Speaker 1: they say, listen the I mean, this is what they say.

524
00:30:37,200 --> 00:30:38,960
Speaker 1: At least they say. The only reason that we're not

525
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:42,520
Speaker 1: signing onto this is because of the demilitary zone between

526
00:30:42,560 --> 00:30:45,400
Speaker 1: North Korea and South Korea. We need that line of

527
00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:49,280
Speaker 1: defense so North Korea cannot march in there and attack

528
00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:53,640
Speaker 1: our ally and South Korea. UM. I don't know whether

529
00:30:53,720 --> 00:30:56,360
Speaker 1: to believe that. I know the Obama administration came close

530
00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:59,920
Speaker 1: to signing on, but he never did. UH. It's virtually

531
00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:03,840
Speaker 1: guaranteed that the Trump administration won't sign on, like a

532
00:31:03,920 --> 00:31:06,560
Speaker 1: zero percent chance of that happening. But the more and

533
00:31:06,640 --> 00:31:10,480
Speaker 1: more nuclear capable North Korea gets, the less and less

534
00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:13,680
Speaker 1: the reason that you're going to have to have those

535
00:31:13,760 --> 00:31:16,400
Speaker 1: land mines um scattered throughout the d m Z there.

536
00:31:17,120 --> 00:31:18,400
Speaker 1: So I don't know whether to buy that or not,

537
00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:21,320
Speaker 1: but they say that that's the reason, and to their credit,

538
00:31:21,360 --> 00:31:24,120
Speaker 1: they do spend more money and time and efforts trying

539
00:31:24,120 --> 00:31:26,160
Speaker 1: to clear the world of land minds in any other country.

540
00:31:26,200 --> 00:31:30,720
Speaker 1: I think, yeah, yeah, they're definitely a leader in reality,

541
00:31:30,760 --> 00:31:33,600
Speaker 1: but they're still criticized or the US is still criticized

542
00:31:33,680 --> 00:31:37,040
Speaker 1: by for not having signed on to this treaty, because

543
00:31:37,640 --> 00:31:40,160
Speaker 1: there's a lot of other states that may actually follow

544
00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:43,320
Speaker 1: suit if the United States did. They're in the company

545
00:31:43,600 --> 00:31:49,560
Speaker 1: of um Iran, uh Israel, um Azerbaijan, a lot of

546
00:31:50,200 --> 00:31:53,560
Speaker 1: form Yeah, Russia, a lot of former Soviet satellite states,

547
00:31:54,080 --> 00:31:58,360
Speaker 1: UM China. It's some pretty big players in uh IN

548
00:31:58,680 --> 00:32:01,960
Speaker 1: as far as global militaries go, right, or militaries around

549
00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:04,080
Speaker 1: the world go. So if the United States did that,

550
00:32:04,120 --> 00:32:06,160
Speaker 1: it would exert some pressure on some of the other ones.

551
00:32:06,200 --> 00:32:08,480
Speaker 1: But like you said, the Trump administration is not a

552
00:32:08,520 --> 00:32:12,200
Speaker 1: huge on international treaties and um this I think it

553
00:32:12,280 --> 00:32:15,000
Speaker 1: was the new York Times editorial Board that said there's

554
00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:18,960
Speaker 1: a zero percent chance of assigning it right, but we

555
00:32:19,080 --> 00:32:22,360
Speaker 1: are still one of the leaders and actually removing minds.

556
00:32:22,600 --> 00:32:27,080
Speaker 1: The United States military stockpile is pretty small. I think

557
00:32:27,120 --> 00:32:29,560
Speaker 1: it's around three million right now, and as far as

558
00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:32,760
Speaker 1: I know, we're not deploying anymore, and we really haven't

559
00:32:32,760 --> 00:32:35,800
Speaker 1: since I think two thousand three uh in a rock

560
00:32:36,040 --> 00:32:38,840
Speaker 1: when we have invaded a rock. That was the last

561
00:32:38,880 --> 00:32:41,880
Speaker 1: time we laid land mines UM as far as the

562
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:45,640
Speaker 1: US goes, right, yeah, and three million sounds like a lot,

563
00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:47,680
Speaker 1: and it is, but compared to like a Russia, which

564
00:32:47,720 --> 00:32:51,600
Speaker 1: has like between twenty and thirty million, it's not as many.

565
00:32:51,640 --> 00:32:54,080
Speaker 1: So one thing that that like, I thought that was

566
00:32:54,120 --> 00:32:56,320
Speaker 1: pretty odd too. I was like, the d m Z,

567
00:32:56,600 --> 00:32:59,800
Speaker 1: that's what that's why we're not signing onto this land

568
00:32:59,840 --> 00:33:02,760
Speaker 1: my treaty. That's weird. And then I started looking up

569
00:33:02,800 --> 00:33:05,680
Speaker 1: cluster bombs. And there's another treaty kind of like a

570
00:33:05,680 --> 00:33:10,360
Speaker 1: corollary treaty to the International Landmine Treaty UM to ban

571
00:33:10,560 --> 00:33:14,240
Speaker 1: cluster bombs as well, and that has some it's much newer,

572
00:33:14,320 --> 00:33:16,120
Speaker 1: but it has I think a pretty decent amount, like

573
00:33:16,160 --> 00:33:19,080
Speaker 1: a hundred and twenty countries already signed onto it, but

574
00:33:19,360 --> 00:33:23,040
Speaker 1: um with cluster bombs. I was looking up the Pentagon's

575
00:33:23,080 --> 00:33:27,160
Speaker 1: reasoning for not signing onto this treaty. So back in

576
00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:32,479
Speaker 1: I think two thousand eight, the Bush administration said, the

577
00:33:32,560 --> 00:33:36,400
Speaker 1: US will sign this, this cluster bomb band Treaty if

578
00:33:36,560 --> 00:33:39,280
Speaker 1: we have not developed cluster bombs that have a failure

579
00:33:39,360 --> 00:33:42,440
Speaker 1: rate of one percent or less, meaning only one out

580
00:33:42,440 --> 00:33:45,240
Speaker 1: of every hundred of those little bomblets that comes out

581
00:33:45,240 --> 00:33:50,840
Speaker 1: of the cluster bombs cylinder doesn't explode upon contact, right um.

582
00:33:50,920 --> 00:33:54,960
Speaker 1: And apparently just within the last few days, the Pentagon said, well,

583
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:59,040
Speaker 1: the deadlines two, we haven't developed cluster bombs that have

584
00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:01,520
Speaker 1: that low of a fail your rate, So we're just

585
00:34:01,560 --> 00:34:05,000
Speaker 1: gonna ignore that and keep using cluster bombs. And the

586
00:34:05,920 --> 00:34:09,759
Speaker 1: report said it's because they want to reserve the right

587
00:34:09,840 --> 00:34:12,040
Speaker 1: to use them in case of a ground war with

588
00:34:12,080 --> 00:34:15,120
Speaker 1: North Korea. So I'm like, what do you guys know

589
00:34:15,560 --> 00:34:18,440
Speaker 1: that we don't know, Like it's is it? Is it

590
00:34:18,560 --> 00:34:21,879
Speaker 1: really that eminent a ground war with Korea that we

591
00:34:21,880 --> 00:34:24,160
Speaker 1: we need to reserve the right to use cluster bombs

592
00:34:24,160 --> 00:34:27,200
Speaker 1: and land mines? Still that like, is it is it?

593
00:34:27,280 --> 00:34:29,919
Speaker 1: Are we that close to the knife edge. And if so,

594
00:34:30,040 --> 00:34:32,759
Speaker 1: then this, the whole, the whole nuclear thing makes me

595
00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:37,359
Speaker 1: even more nervous than it did before. It should all

596
00:34:37,400 --> 00:34:40,480
Speaker 1: make you nervous. It does. So I'll tell you one

597
00:34:40,480 --> 00:34:42,839
Speaker 1: thing that makes everybody nervous chuck, and that's being out

598
00:34:42,880 --> 00:34:46,000
Speaker 1: in a minefield removing land mines. Yeah, so this is

599
00:34:46,280 --> 00:34:51,680
Speaker 1: uh this has many many um problems to root out.

600
00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:55,120
Speaker 1: First of all, finding the mines. Like you said earlier,

601
00:34:55,120 --> 00:34:57,840
Speaker 1: they're not marked. They don't say here's a minefield and

602
00:34:57,880 --> 00:35:01,400
Speaker 1: here's where they're all located. Uh So finding these things,

603
00:35:01,600 --> 00:35:05,320
Speaker 1: millions of them around the world is really tough, um.

604
00:35:05,400 --> 00:35:08,719
Speaker 1: And even when you find the minefield, it's tough. So,

605
00:35:08,920 --> 00:35:12,120
Speaker 1: like the first thing is to find the minefield, then

606
00:35:12,200 --> 00:35:14,520
Speaker 1: it's it depends on how you do it. And we're

607
00:35:14,520 --> 00:35:16,680
Speaker 1: gonna talk about all the ways that they're trying to

608
00:35:16,680 --> 00:35:20,439
Speaker 1: do this, um, some of which are very rudimentary. Which

609
00:35:20,880 --> 00:35:23,760
Speaker 1: the very first one you can do is called probing

610
00:35:23,760 --> 00:35:27,520
Speaker 1: the ground. That means walking around with a stick or

611
00:35:27,560 --> 00:35:33,359
Speaker 1: a bayonet and poking around lightly, very lightly so lightly. Yeah,

612
00:35:33,440 --> 00:35:36,600
Speaker 1: I get the feeling that this is I'm sure it's

613
00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:38,040
Speaker 1: still done in some parts of the world, but it's

614
00:35:38,080 --> 00:35:41,080
Speaker 1: there's certainly not one of the more advanced operations any longer.

615
00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:44,120
Speaker 1: I get the impression that that's what soldiers do when

616
00:35:44,200 --> 00:35:46,279
Speaker 1: they're like, Nope, we can't go around, we have to

617
00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:49,440
Speaker 1: keep going straight. Probably, so that that's what because they

618
00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:52,239
Speaker 1: use sticks or bayonets typically, and they're trained to kind

619
00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:55,200
Speaker 1: of do it very very lightly. Um, so I think

620
00:35:55,200 --> 00:35:57,919
Speaker 1: that's who does that, all right. So you've also got

621
00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:01,279
Speaker 1: trained dogs. This is horrifying when you think about a

622
00:36:01,320 --> 00:36:04,080
Speaker 1: dog getting blown up. Um, but they are trained to

623
00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:09,480
Speaker 1: sniff out these explosive vapors and the bomb ingredients. I

624
00:36:09,520 --> 00:36:12,160
Speaker 1: also saw rats have been trained by a company called

625
00:36:12,200 --> 00:36:15,279
Speaker 1: a Popo. Oh yeah, rats and bees. Oh I didn't

626
00:36:15,280 --> 00:36:18,040
Speaker 1: see bees. That makes sense though, Yeah, bees are trained

627
00:36:18,280 --> 00:36:20,799
Speaker 1: and uh that was one of the things you sent

628
00:36:20,880 --> 00:36:23,560
Speaker 1: over to me. The bees were How did I miss that?

629
00:36:23,760 --> 00:36:28,040
Speaker 1: I don't know, because you're all about bees. I love bees. Yeah,

630
00:36:28,080 --> 00:36:32,920
Speaker 1: the bees apparently, um said. The hard part is not

631
00:36:33,040 --> 00:36:36,200
Speaker 1: training them to find these things, but tracking them once

632
00:36:36,239 --> 00:36:40,520
Speaker 1: you release the honey bees. So they're trained with sugar

633
00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:44,080
Speaker 1: coated t and t uh and then of course they

634
00:36:44,080 --> 00:36:47,000
Speaker 1: can find the that's how they find the TNT. But

635
00:36:47,040 --> 00:36:50,680
Speaker 1: it has no sugar on it um one of the

636
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:53,400
Speaker 1: I guess I think, so that to me is a

637
00:36:53,480 --> 00:36:57,680
Speaker 1: big step up from poking with a stick. Yes, in

638
00:36:57,760 --> 00:37:01,000
Speaker 1: between those two is using a good old ashen um

639
00:37:01,040 --> 00:37:05,879
Speaker 1: metal detector. It works, but the problem is twofold one

640
00:37:06,400 --> 00:37:09,600
Speaker 1: um metal detectors send a signal back for anything that

641
00:37:09,640 --> 00:37:12,640
Speaker 1: has any metal to it whatsoever. So you get a

642
00:37:12,719 --> 00:37:17,320
Speaker 1: hit and you are very like gingerly searching the area

643
00:37:17,360 --> 00:37:19,480
Speaker 1: to see if there is a mine there. No, if

644
00:37:19,480 --> 00:37:22,319
Speaker 1: it's a it's an old Roman coin, or it's like

645
00:37:22,360 --> 00:37:26,680
Speaker 1: an old um butterfly top to a Miller beer can. Um,

646
00:37:26,719 --> 00:37:29,640
Speaker 1: it's anything metal, right, So that's one part of the problem.

647
00:37:29,719 --> 00:37:31,839
Speaker 1: And then the second part of the problem is that

648
00:37:32,080 --> 00:37:35,440
Speaker 1: you um, you actually may miss metal because some types

649
00:37:35,719 --> 00:37:40,440
Speaker 1: of the three fifty different varieties of minds use very

650
00:37:40,440 --> 00:37:44,080
Speaker 1: little metal. Some of them are almost entirely plastic. So

651
00:37:44,080 --> 00:37:46,279
Speaker 1: so not only are you picking up stuff that's not

652
00:37:46,400 --> 00:37:49,279
Speaker 1: a landline and then wasting time seeing if it is

653
00:37:49,280 --> 00:37:53,880
Speaker 1: a landmine, you're actually potentially missing land mines as well. Yeah,

654
00:37:53,920 --> 00:37:58,560
Speaker 1: so that's that's a problem because that was my first

655
00:37:58,560 --> 00:38:00,880
Speaker 1: thought is like i'mber. When I was a kid, my

656
00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:02,920
Speaker 1: dad was all over that metal detector on the beach.

657
00:38:03,640 --> 00:38:05,640
Speaker 1: So just get a lot of my dad's out there

658
00:38:06,560 --> 00:38:09,239
Speaker 1: or dudes like my dad, and just tell them to

659
00:38:09,239 --> 00:38:12,200
Speaker 1: go wild. Yeah, they could coordinate over CEB while they're

660
00:38:12,280 --> 00:38:16,359
Speaker 1: driving their jeepsides of the minefield. They would. Uh. Some

661
00:38:16,400 --> 00:38:20,840
Speaker 1: more promising newer technology UM specifically being developed at Ohio

662
00:38:20,840 --> 00:38:23,239
Speaker 1: State University, and I think they're actually using this now,

663
00:38:23,360 --> 00:38:29,600
Speaker 1: is called GPR, or ground penetrating Radar UM. This uses

664
00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:34,440
Speaker 1: magic lepricns inside a machine who exerts no pressure to

665
00:38:34,520 --> 00:38:38,360
Speaker 1: tell you where these things are underground. Yeah, it's actually

666
00:38:38,480 --> 00:38:41,560
Speaker 1: it's pretty sweet. It's like a metal detector ground penetrating

667
00:38:42,080 --> 00:38:46,560
Speaker 1: penetrating radar combo. So the ground penetrating radar can show

668
00:38:46,600 --> 00:38:49,280
Speaker 1: you if it's an anomaly. But then the radar also

669
00:38:49,360 --> 00:38:54,400
Speaker 1: interacts with explosives and the the electrical properties unique to explosives,

670
00:38:54,400 --> 00:38:56,960
Speaker 1: so it can actually tell you there's something weirdre down there,

671
00:38:57,280 --> 00:39:02,080
Speaker 1: and uh, the amazing creskin here thinks that it's t NT. Yeah,

672
00:39:02,080 --> 00:39:04,920
Speaker 1: and this is crazy. Once they find these land mines

673
00:39:05,000 --> 00:39:08,960
Speaker 1: with the GPR device, it shoots chemical agents, two of

674
00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:13,960
Speaker 1: them into the ground that actually solidifies the triggering mechanism

675
00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:17,720
Speaker 1: at first along with the soil, and then a second

676
00:39:17,840 --> 00:39:21,040
Speaker 1: chemical agent that solidifies all of the mine and the

677
00:39:21,080 --> 00:39:24,040
Speaker 1: soil so they can just be scooped up. Right, I

678
00:39:24,040 --> 00:39:27,200
Speaker 1: don't understand that. What is it? I just I don't know.

679
00:39:27,400 --> 00:39:29,880
Speaker 1: Is it cement? I don't know if it was proprietary

680
00:39:29,960 --> 00:39:32,759
Speaker 1: or what. But I couldn't find what those chemical agents were.

681
00:39:32,800 --> 00:39:36,239
Speaker 1: But they sound pretty awesome and not something you want

682
00:39:36,239 --> 00:39:42,080
Speaker 1: to get on your hands, you know, wash hands, flush eyes.

683
00:39:42,560 --> 00:39:45,279
Speaker 1: So that's actually that's that's like you said, that's in use.

684
00:39:45,400 --> 00:39:49,719
Speaker 1: That's a huge innovation because it shows you, um, you

685
00:39:49,800 --> 00:39:52,280
Speaker 1: get like the hits that you get from a metal detector,

686
00:39:52,320 --> 00:39:54,120
Speaker 1: but you also don't get the misses. And then it

687
00:39:54,160 --> 00:39:57,080
Speaker 1: also shows you if something is roughly the size or

688
00:39:57,120 --> 00:40:00,520
Speaker 1: shape of a land mine, so you don't wait time

689
00:40:00,640 --> 00:40:05,480
Speaker 1: digging up old old butterfly bottle caps. Right, Yeah, I

690
00:40:05,560 --> 00:40:07,680
Speaker 1: like it. That's my favorite, and it came from the

691
00:40:07,800 --> 00:40:11,080
Speaker 1: Ohio State University. This article gets it wrong. It calls

692
00:40:11,120 --> 00:40:16,320
Speaker 1: it scientists at Ohio State University the shame. My favorite

693
00:40:16,760 --> 00:40:22,359
Speaker 1: are these uh, these big heavy machines. So if you

694
00:40:22,480 --> 00:40:24,319
Speaker 1: and I didn't ever think I was a kid who

695
00:40:24,360 --> 00:40:27,560
Speaker 1: liked UH, I never played with like Tonka trucks and

696
00:40:27,560 --> 00:40:30,200
Speaker 1: stuff much. I was obviously, you know, we talked about

697
00:40:30,200 --> 00:40:32,840
Speaker 1: the evil Kinevil and stuff like that, model model cars.

698
00:40:33,640 --> 00:40:37,239
Speaker 1: But for some reason, as an adult heavy machinery, really

699
00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:42,440
Speaker 1: it really turns my crank. So go look up on

700
00:40:42,520 --> 00:40:47,040
Speaker 1: your Google images the Panther and the art vark um

701
00:40:47,080 --> 00:40:52,200
Speaker 1: tank or mind removal machines and just delight in these

702
00:40:52,880 --> 00:40:57,719
Speaker 1: huge things that are part of Bobcat part hum v

703
00:40:59,239 --> 00:41:03,120
Speaker 1: uh and there they're just so rudimentary, Like literally one

704
00:41:03,160 --> 00:41:07,640
Speaker 1: of them, the art Vark has these. It has like

705
00:41:07,840 --> 00:41:11,480
Speaker 1: a spinning uh thing that sits out in front of

706
00:41:11,480 --> 00:41:14,920
Speaker 1: it that just spins chains and like whips the ground

707
00:41:15,520 --> 00:41:19,799
Speaker 1: with big metal chains. I mean, it's so brain dead

708
00:41:19,920 --> 00:41:22,040
Speaker 1: and rudimentary. That said, let's just get a big heavy

709
00:41:22,040 --> 00:41:25,480
Speaker 1: thing out there that smashes the ground with chains and

710
00:41:25,560 --> 00:41:29,040
Speaker 1: the point is to just set off a land mind encounters, right,

711
00:41:29,280 --> 00:41:32,120
Speaker 1: So it's like and the art Vark just takes it.

712
00:41:31,800 --> 00:41:36,120
Speaker 1: It's a huge anti tank minds just blown up right

713
00:41:36,200 --> 00:41:38,680
Speaker 1: underneath these chains that are whipping up the ground the

714
00:41:38,680 --> 00:41:40,640
Speaker 1: front part of the art Vark. And I saw a

715
00:41:40,719 --> 00:41:44,280
Speaker 1: video of a guy um in one who I guess

716
00:41:44,440 --> 00:41:47,120
Speaker 1: hit a mind and they show him in the cab

717
00:41:47,400 --> 00:41:50,280
Speaker 1: and he barely is jostled by the explosion, this huge

718
00:41:50,320 --> 00:41:53,360
Speaker 1: explosion that they show like eighty times because it's I

719
00:41:53,360 --> 00:41:57,440
Speaker 1: think on the Military Channel or something like that. And UM,

720
00:41:57,480 --> 00:41:59,480
Speaker 1: it's like, why don't you just make everything out of

721
00:41:59,480 --> 00:42:01,880
Speaker 1: whatever you're making the r park out? Why isn't the

722
00:42:01,920 --> 00:42:04,680
Speaker 1: tank made of that? It's it's that same joke, is like,

723
00:42:04,760 --> 00:42:06,160
Speaker 1: you know, why don't you make the whole plane out

724
00:42:06,200 --> 00:42:07,960
Speaker 1: of the black box? If the black box is the

725
00:42:07,960 --> 00:42:10,319
Speaker 1: one thing that's always found. But it's true and I'm

726
00:42:10,360 --> 00:42:13,680
Speaker 1: sure I think um with M wraps like mine. I

727
00:42:13,719 --> 00:42:16,640
Speaker 1: can't remember that what that stands for. But remember the

728
00:42:16,680 --> 00:42:19,040
Speaker 1: I E. D s that we're killing so many American

729
00:42:19,080 --> 00:42:22,680
Speaker 1: soldiers at the beginning of the Iraq War. Um, and

730
00:42:22,680 --> 00:42:27,000
Speaker 1: then they figured out a way to armor plate humvees

731
00:42:27,680 --> 00:42:31,239
Speaker 1: so that they were kind of impervious to I E. D. S.

732
00:42:31,520 --> 00:42:35,160
Speaker 1: I think it's basically the same technology on the ard Park. Yeah,

733
00:42:35,160 --> 00:42:37,680
Speaker 1: so that one, like you said, has a dude in it. Uh.

734
00:42:37,719 --> 00:42:40,919
Speaker 1: Then there's the panther, and that is a sixty ton

735
00:42:42,640 --> 00:42:46,840
Speaker 1: remote controlled thing. So this has somebody on the side

736
00:42:47,200 --> 00:42:50,480
Speaker 1: with a joystick operating this thing through a minefield. This

737
00:42:50,520 --> 00:42:54,120
Speaker 1: has big metal rollers to set off these uh, set

738
00:42:54,160 --> 00:42:56,719
Speaker 1: off the mines. And then there are regular tanks that

739
00:42:56,760 --> 00:43:00,359
Speaker 1: you can sort of retrofit with a plow that sort

740
00:43:00,400 --> 00:43:04,160
Speaker 1: of plows along and gently pushes these minds out of

741
00:43:04,200 --> 00:43:07,560
Speaker 1: the dirt in the path. Then someone can come along

742
00:43:07,600 --> 00:43:10,080
Speaker 1: and I don't know, I guess collect them in a

743
00:43:10,560 --> 00:43:14,959
Speaker 1: in a pink basket. Yeah. No, there's there's a there's

744
00:43:15,000 --> 00:43:18,640
Speaker 1: another machine called a burm processing assembly that just goes

745
00:43:18,719 --> 00:43:21,680
Speaker 1: down through these these mounds of dirt that have minds

746
00:43:21,719 --> 00:43:25,320
Speaker 1: in them and shakes the minds out of the dirt

747
00:43:25,600 --> 00:43:27,719
Speaker 1: and sets them off to the side so they're exposed

748
00:43:27,760 --> 00:43:30,840
Speaker 1: that they can be picked up and detonated. Uh. We

749
00:43:30,960 --> 00:43:38,040
Speaker 1: mentioned bees and rats and dogs. Very sadly, elephants can

750
00:43:38,120 --> 00:43:40,920
Speaker 1: sniff out mindes. Uh. They're they're pretty good at it.

751
00:43:40,960 --> 00:43:44,640
Speaker 1: They don't use elephants uh to do this because that

752
00:43:45,080 --> 00:43:47,800
Speaker 1: just doesn't make much sense. But they have killed and

753
00:43:47,880 --> 00:43:51,960
Speaker 1: injured a bunch of elephants. Um. My favorite new machine

754
00:43:51,960 --> 00:43:55,720
Speaker 1: that they're using, and this makes total sense, are drones.

755
00:43:56,960 --> 00:44:01,200
Speaker 1: The mind Cafon Drome k fo N. This is a

756
00:44:01,280 --> 00:44:06,120
Speaker 1: drone basically that I was developed by guy named massud Hasani,

757
00:44:06,600 --> 00:44:09,479
Speaker 1: And it's a drone that does the work of the human.

758
00:44:09,480 --> 00:44:12,600
Speaker 1: It's a drone with metal detectors attached to it, so

759
00:44:12,760 --> 00:44:16,480
Speaker 1: it just flies really low over the ground and detects

760
00:44:16,520 --> 00:44:19,799
Speaker 1: these land mines with nobody walking on the ground or

761
00:44:19,840 --> 00:44:22,319
Speaker 1: no machine on the ground. Right, makes total sense, it

762
00:44:22,360 --> 00:44:24,160
Speaker 1: really does. It's great. And then what does it do

763
00:44:24,160 --> 00:44:26,799
Speaker 1: is it market on like GPS or something like that. Yeah,

764
00:44:26,840 --> 00:44:29,279
Speaker 1: it marks it on a GPS. Uh, and then can

765
00:44:29,360 --> 00:44:32,160
Speaker 1: even come back and place a detonator, drop a detonator

766
00:44:32,200 --> 00:44:36,160
Speaker 1: on it, basically fly away and it explodes itself. That's

767
00:44:36,200 --> 00:44:39,000
Speaker 1: pretty awesome. And they're only like five grand compared to

768
00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:42,760
Speaker 1: UM robots and stuff like that can go from eighty

769
00:44:42,840 --> 00:44:45,160
Speaker 1: to half a million bucks. Yeah, the art Vark looks

770
00:44:45,200 --> 00:44:50,000
Speaker 1: extremely expensive for sure. Imagine it's not cheap so UM

771
00:44:50,080 --> 00:44:54,880
Speaker 1: we talked about the International band Treaty UM, the campaign

772
00:44:54,880 --> 00:44:57,520
Speaker 1: to band land mines that won the Nobel Prize in

773
00:44:59,320 --> 00:45:04,160
Speaker 1: UM our work actually had a huge impact, and I

774
00:45:04,200 --> 00:45:10,400
Speaker 1: think nineteen ninety nine there's a peak of casualties worldwide

775
00:45:10,480 --> 00:45:14,600
Speaker 1: from UM from land mines of nine thousand, two hundred

776
00:45:14,600 --> 00:45:18,520
Speaker 1: and twenty eight. By two thousand thirteen they'd gotten that

777
00:45:18,600 --> 00:45:21,720
Speaker 1: down to thirty four hundred and fifty, and it really

778
00:45:21,760 --> 00:45:23,839
Speaker 1: looked like the work of this group, and like the

779
00:45:23,920 --> 00:45:27,359
Speaker 1: international treaty that that it created and and all these

780
00:45:27,400 --> 00:45:34,120
Speaker 1: countries signed, was having a real genuine impact on landmine casualties.

781
00:45:35,200 --> 00:45:38,400
Speaker 1: Apparently the tide turned in two thousand and sixteen and

782
00:45:38,440 --> 00:45:40,799
Speaker 1: the numbers have started to go back up. So the

783
00:45:40,840 --> 00:45:44,799
Speaker 1: lowest thirty four fifty and two thousand thirteen, in two

784
00:45:44,840 --> 00:45:49,200
Speaker 1: thousand and sixteen it was up to UM eight thousand,

785
00:45:49,320 --> 00:45:55,440
Speaker 1: six hundred and five, which has got to be really demoralizing. Yeah,

786
00:45:55,600 --> 00:45:58,279
Speaker 1: and and I think you said very early on a

787
00:45:58,320 --> 00:46:00,200
Speaker 1: lot of this is because of what's going on it

788
00:46:00,280 --> 00:46:04,200
Speaker 1: Yemen in Syria right now, right right, so sad I

789
00:46:04,239 --> 00:46:06,560
Speaker 1: saw Also remember I said Egypt has a lot of

790
00:46:06,600 --> 00:46:09,520
Speaker 1: old mines from World War Two. Apparently ISIS is taken

791
00:46:09,560 --> 00:46:13,879
Speaker 1: to digging those up and replanting them. And we should say,

792
00:46:13,960 --> 00:46:15,759
Speaker 1: you know, the land mines and I E. D S

793
00:46:15,800 --> 00:46:18,200
Speaker 1: are virtually one and the same. It's just land mines

794
00:46:18,239 --> 00:46:23,560
Speaker 1: are mass produced, um, whereas I E. D S are

795
00:46:23,600 --> 00:46:28,200
Speaker 1: made by insurgent bomb makers. They're usually not commercially produced.

796
00:46:28,880 --> 00:46:32,399
Speaker 1: There's no contract that ICES has out with somebody. Did

797
00:46:32,400 --> 00:46:34,400
Speaker 1: you ever see hurt Locker? The hurt Locker? Now, I

798
00:46:34,440 --> 00:46:36,640
Speaker 1: haven't seen that one man, that's a good movie. Talk

799
00:46:36,680 --> 00:46:39,600
Speaker 1: about tents, I can imagine. I mean that's what they do, right,

800
00:46:39,640 --> 00:46:42,680
Speaker 1: They go and remove minds, right, or bombs or any

801
00:46:42,680 --> 00:46:45,359
Speaker 1: i e. D. S bombs, anything like any unexploded thing.

802
00:46:46,320 --> 00:46:49,160
Speaker 1: Jeremy renters in it. And these it's just amazing. Like

803
00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:53,399
Speaker 1: they just wear these like big heavy suits basically um

804
00:46:53,440 --> 00:46:57,720
Speaker 1: like anti blast suits and then work very carefully and slowly.

805
00:47:00,200 --> 00:47:06,040
Speaker 1: Oh one other thing, chuck, Yes, Uh, Princess Diana, Yeah,

806
00:47:06,120 --> 00:47:07,920
Speaker 1: we have to mention her. I mean some of the

807
00:47:08,800 --> 00:47:12,719
Speaker 1: probably her most important work she did as Princess was

808
00:47:13,640 --> 00:47:16,560
Speaker 1: and the in the final years of her life working

809
00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:20,240
Speaker 1: to try and raise awareness to eradicate land mines around

810
00:47:20,239 --> 00:47:24,200
Speaker 1: the world. Just amazing stuff. And she wasn't. She took

811
00:47:24,200 --> 00:47:27,799
Speaker 1: a lot of heat, sometimes from within her own country. Uh.

812
00:47:27,880 --> 00:47:32,520
Speaker 1: Sometimes they didn't. They thought she was just not being

813
00:47:32,640 --> 00:47:37,080
Speaker 1: super helpful. Some people would um bag on her for

814
00:47:37,760 --> 00:47:40,000
Speaker 1: just doing like photo ops and stuff like that. But

815
00:47:40,320 --> 00:47:43,480
Speaker 1: by all accounts, she was. I mean, she did what

816
00:47:43,560 --> 00:47:45,279
Speaker 1: she could. She she had a lot of things that

817
00:47:45,320 --> 00:47:48,000
Speaker 1: happened off the cameras. She would go and visit these

818
00:47:48,440 --> 00:47:51,759
Speaker 1: hospitals where these children were affected, and it was a

819
00:47:51,840 --> 00:47:54,279
Speaker 1: humanitarian effort to really kind of shine a light and

820
00:47:54,360 --> 00:47:57,280
Speaker 1: raise awareness more than like, hey, I can create policy

821
00:47:58,080 --> 00:48:00,960
Speaker 1: as as the princess she knew she couldn't that, but

822
00:48:01,080 --> 00:48:03,400
Speaker 1: she did a lot of great work to raise awareness

823
00:48:03,440 --> 00:48:05,800
Speaker 1: and when she uh when she died, it was a

824
00:48:05,880 --> 00:48:08,560
Speaker 1: very sad day and they obviously for many reasons. But

825
00:48:09,239 --> 00:48:13,399
Speaker 1: um Nobel Prize winning winner Jody Williams said, the death

826
00:48:13,400 --> 00:48:16,840
Speaker 1: of Princess Diana meant that the anti land mine activists

827
00:48:16,880 --> 00:48:20,839
Speaker 1: lost their most visible advocate, So that was very sad.

828
00:48:20,880 --> 00:48:23,120
Speaker 1: She did great work. Yeah, I mean it takes a

829
00:48:23,120 --> 00:48:26,120
Speaker 1: certain kind of person to say, well, the global spotlight

830
00:48:26,200 --> 00:48:28,879
Speaker 1: is on me right now. I'm gonna walk over here

831
00:48:29,360 --> 00:48:35,600
Speaker 1: to this um under under under served population of people

832
00:48:35,600 --> 00:48:38,080
Speaker 1: who are being blown up by leftover land minds that

833
00:48:38,160 --> 00:48:41,440
Speaker 1: people don't really know about, and now the spotlights on them.

834
00:48:41,560 --> 00:48:43,719
Speaker 1: That says quite a bit about somebody to do that.

835
00:48:43,800 --> 00:48:48,480
Speaker 1: Pretty So you got anything else and nothing else. If

836
00:48:48,520 --> 00:48:51,120
Speaker 1: you want to know more about land minds, you can

837
00:48:51,280 --> 00:48:53,600
Speaker 1: type those words in the search bar how stuff works

838
00:48:53,640 --> 00:48:56,600
Speaker 1: dot com. And since I said land mine. It's time

839
00:48:56,640 --> 00:49:06,680
Speaker 1: for listener mail. I'm gonna call this brother and Sister

840
00:49:06,800 --> 00:49:11,920
Speaker 1: listening pair. I was never a good headline writer on

841
00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:16,239
Speaker 1: newspaper staff. By the way, it's tough. Hey, guys, finally

842
00:49:16,280 --> 00:49:18,120
Speaker 1: feel like I have something to write about. My brother

843
00:49:18,160 --> 00:49:21,160
Speaker 1: introduced me to your show over Christmas just this year,

844
00:49:21,160 --> 00:49:23,839
Speaker 1: and I've been slowly working my way through from DV

845
00:49:23,960 --> 00:49:27,480
Speaker 1: Cooper to X Murders, to Winchester Mystery House to Jellyfish.

846
00:49:27,719 --> 00:49:29,880
Speaker 1: I love them all. So first of all, thanks to

847
00:49:29,920 --> 00:49:32,680
Speaker 1: my brother Michael, who lives in Savannah, for the introduction.

848
00:49:32,760 --> 00:49:35,000
Speaker 1: He actually plays a role in why I'm writing. I

849
00:49:35,160 --> 00:49:38,960
Speaker 1: just finished listening to The Vampire Hannock's episode and at

850
00:49:39,000 --> 00:49:42,120
Speaker 1: the beginning you talked about coming upon dead bodies. Well,

851
00:49:42,160 --> 00:49:44,120
Speaker 1: growing up, a dead body was discovered in the ravine

852
00:49:44,120 --> 00:49:46,120
Speaker 1: behind our neighbor's house and they had to pull it

853
00:49:46,200 --> 00:49:48,439
Speaker 1: up the hill. So my brother and I got out

854
00:49:48,440 --> 00:49:51,839
Speaker 1: our spy gear took pictures of the policemen in paramedics

855
00:49:52,120 --> 00:49:54,319
Speaker 1: pulling up the dead body and carrying it away. It's

856
00:49:54,360 --> 00:49:56,279
Speaker 1: a lot of excitement and at the time we didn't

857
00:49:56,280 --> 00:49:58,480
Speaker 1: really think about it, but when the photos came back

858
00:49:58,560 --> 00:50:01,120
Speaker 1: developed it really find the hit home. How creepy it

859
00:50:01,200 --> 00:50:04,040
Speaker 1: was that we had seen a dead body. Anyway, Thanks

860
00:50:04,080 --> 00:50:08,239
Speaker 1: for providing inner, interesting and entertaining episodes. I teach kindergarten.

861
00:50:09,040 --> 00:50:11,360
Speaker 1: It's funny. She talked about being drawn to the darker

862
00:50:11,520 --> 00:50:15,040
Speaker 1: episodes as a kindergarten teacher. She says, sometimes you just

863
00:50:15,080 --> 00:50:17,960
Speaker 1: need a break from boogers and Paul patrol uh and

864
00:50:18,000 --> 00:50:20,880
Speaker 1: here grown ups talk about cool and interesting stuff. That

865
00:50:21,040 --> 00:50:23,080
Speaker 1: is from Melissa and she's going to be at our

866
00:50:23,160 --> 00:50:26,600
Speaker 1: DC show and Michael and Savannah is upset because he

867
00:50:26,640 --> 00:50:28,880
Speaker 1: can't go. Yeah, well he should fly up to d C.

868
00:50:29,040 --> 00:50:31,880
Speaker 1: There are such things as airplane. It's it's greater chances

869
00:50:31,920 --> 00:50:33,959
Speaker 1: of that happening than us going to Savannah for our show.

870
00:50:34,239 --> 00:50:37,720
Speaker 1: And there are there is always room for boogers, Melissa,

871
00:50:37,880 --> 00:50:41,120
Speaker 1: don't be mistaken. There is room for boogers. By Josh Clark.

872
00:50:42,440 --> 00:50:45,160
Speaker 1: Thanks for writing in. Hey do you both, Um and

873
00:50:45,200 --> 00:50:48,520
Speaker 1: thanks for listening and send us those pictures. If you

874
00:50:48,800 --> 00:50:50,680
Speaker 1: want to get in touch with us, you can tweet

875
00:50:50,719 --> 00:50:53,440
Speaker 1: to us at Josh um Clark and s y SK

876
00:50:53,640 --> 00:50:57,400
Speaker 1: podcast on Facebook at facebook dot com, Slash Charles W.

877
00:50:57,520 --> 00:51:00,440
Speaker 1: Chuck Bryant and Slash stuff you Should Know. You can

878
00:51:00,480 --> 00:51:02,640
Speaker 1: send us an email to Stuff Podcast at how stuff

879
00:51:02,640 --> 00:51:04,680
Speaker 1: works dot com and is always hanging out with us

880
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Speaker 1: at our home on the web, Stuff you Should Know

881
00:51:06,520 --> 00:51:14,120
Speaker 1: dot com. For more on this and thousands of other topics,

882
00:51:14,320 --> 00:51:22,440
Speaker 1: visit how stuff Works dot com. H