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Speaker 1: Welcome to Behind the Police, a production of I Heart

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Speaker 1: Radio Welcome Back to Behind the Police, the special miniseries

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Speaker 1: for Behind the Bastards, which is normally a show that

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Speaker 1: I Robert Evans do about the worst people in all

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Speaker 1: of history, But for these weeks and these these episodes,

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Speaker 1: is a deep dive into the entire history of American police,

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Speaker 1: the greatest bastards of them all, collection of them. Yeah. Uh.

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Speaker 1: My guest in this journey into the history of police

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Speaker 1: stem uh is my friend Jason Petty, better known as

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Speaker 1: the hip hop artist propaganda. Jason, how are you doing today?

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Speaker 1: We'll stop happy Janet. The actual, the actual one day

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Speaker 1: of Independence. Yes, the day that like we as a

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Speaker 1: nation kind of sort of started to begin to try

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Speaker 1: to live up to the promises made at our found

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Speaker 1: except not for women. Um yeah, Still there's still another

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Speaker 1: We're still waiting for another. Uh, there's another independence coming soon.

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Speaker 1: It's been a rough couple of been a rough couple

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Speaker 1: of centuries, guys. Um yeah yeah. Fun fact, the Mats

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Speaker 1: page A proclamation was two years before this because the

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Speaker 1: war wasn't done and still we were waiting on Texas.

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Speaker 1: And still we were waiting on Texas. And in some

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Speaker 1: ways still are still Yeah, as a Texan, I can

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Speaker 1: I think we're still kind of waiting on Texas, so

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Speaker 1: um in honor of I mean this, it won't be

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Speaker 1: Juneteenth anymore when these episodes drop. But these two episodes

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Speaker 1: this week, we're we're going real deep into um, the

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Speaker 1: history of racism and policing. Um. That's that's what these

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Speaker 1: next two episodes are going to be. And then after

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Speaker 1: that we're gonna kind of get back to a broader

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Speaker 1: history of policing and come up to the modern era.

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Speaker 1: We'll talk about the war on drugs and cops and stuff.

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Speaker 1: But but this is these two episodes are going to

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Speaker 1: be more focused on something that I think is critical

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Speaker 1: but not very well known to most people. You know.

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Speaker 1: Usually there's there's one aspect to which kind of what

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Speaker 1: we're talking about is known today, which is that if

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Speaker 1: you if you wound up at a protest recently, which

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Speaker 1: I assume a lot of you have, you may have

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Speaker 1: heard the venerable left wing protest chant cops and clan

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Speaker 1: go hand in hand. Um. And if you're a fan

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Speaker 1: of Rage against the Machine, I'm sure you're familiar with

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Speaker 1: their their similar lines. Some of those that workforces are

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Speaker 1: the same that burn crosses. Uh and you know, uh,

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Speaker 1: we we talked a bit about how, you know, the

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Speaker 1: sort of story spreading about slave patrols and how that

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Speaker 1: was the origin of policing and how that was you know,

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Speaker 1: partly true but not entirely accurate because it was more

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Speaker 1: complicated than that. This is a case where the the

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Speaker 1: kind of like Pithy Chance uh and social media posts

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Speaker 1: and stuff actually are really accurate like that. The that's

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Speaker 1: what we're going to talk about today, so in in

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Speaker 1: in a very veiled defense for everybody else that didn't

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Speaker 1: have to live these realities, Like there's some realities like

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Speaker 1: something like a redlining, Like I understand, I understand that

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Speaker 1: there is a wide swath of people. You have to

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Speaker 1: go out of your way unless you're black to know

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Speaker 1: what redlining is because it doesn't affect you. You know

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Speaker 1: what I'm saying. So I'm gonna give you that. I

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Speaker 1: don't know the script, but I know, based on what

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Speaker 1: the way that Robert's leading in, I have an idea

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Speaker 1: that I'm probably gonna know these stories, but I'm pretty

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Speaker 1: sure you don't because they ain't affected you. You never

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Speaker 1: thought about redlining because you never there was never a

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Speaker 1: time that your grandparents was looking at a neighborhood and

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Speaker 1: was like, we can't live here. And it's not because

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Speaker 1: you couldn't afford to live here. It's because you wasn't

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Speaker 1: allowed to live here, you know what I'm saying. So

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Speaker 1: I understand that you don't know this. There's probably things

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Speaker 1: in your life, like we could talk about some Native

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Speaker 1: American heritage and stories and stuff like that that you

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Speaker 1: probably would have no idea unless you went out of

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Speaker 1: your way. I went out of my way to learn

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Speaker 1: those things because I understand what it means to be

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Speaker 1: an oppressed person. So strap in, this is about to

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Speaker 1: be earth shattering for you. It's it's gonna be yes. Um. So,

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Speaker 1: in the immediate wake of the war, you remember, after

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Speaker 1: part one, you know, we kind of ended on slave

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Speaker 1: patrols just turned in right into police departments. Um. But

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Speaker 1: in the immediate way of the war, a lot of

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Speaker 1: the South, which you know occupied by the United States military,

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Speaker 1: the Union military, um, and millions of black men had

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Speaker 1: suddenly gained the right to vote for the first time,

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Speaker 1: like kind of right around that same period, and historians

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Speaker 1: generally call the the time from eighteen eighteen seventies seven

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Speaker 1: in the former South reconstruction, and it was a time

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Speaker 1: of great hope for black Americans. Seven black men were

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Speaker 1: elected to public office, including two senators and fourteen members

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Speaker 1: of the House of Representatives, which when you consider that,

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Speaker 1: like a huge chunk of those men had been slaves

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Speaker 1: a couple of years earlier, like that's in that's maybe

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Speaker 1: the rapidest turnaround from not from politically being you know,

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Speaker 1: not a person, to being in power that like has

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Speaker 1: ever happened. Black men and women were appointed to various

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Speaker 1: government jobs during this period. Freedmen pulled their resources, they

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Speaker 1: formed companies, some of them fought to receive back wages,

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Speaker 1: and even tried to take land from their former masters.

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Speaker 1: It was generally not successful, but attempts were made, and

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Speaker 1: all across the South. Groups of freedmen also formed militias,

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Speaker 1: sometimes using the rifles with which they had served in

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Speaker 1: the Union Army. And obviously, um, a lot of white

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Speaker 1: folks weren't happy with this. Yeah it worked. It's like,

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Speaker 1: so they go, you know, we're just gonna let them.

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Speaker 1: You forget that, Especially in the South, the vast majority

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Speaker 1: of the population were freed slaves, so just by the

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Speaker 1: sheer numbers. If you let us vote, we're gonna vote

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Speaker 1: in our own people. Yeah, it's you're not going to

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Speaker 1: be in charge anymore. Yeah yeah, yeah, it's so this

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Speaker 1: was a pickle for um, for the white supremacists. We

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Speaker 1: we we could say that fairly. Um. Yeah. And outside

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Speaker 1: of the transition of slave patrols to police departments, a

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Speaker 1: lot of white people just sort of on their own

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Speaker 1: attempted to put newly freed black people in their place

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Speaker 1: by using the law to to you know, suppress them.

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Speaker 1: Laws were passed throughout the old slave states that banned vagrancy,

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Speaker 1: or being out in public without a visible means of support.

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Speaker 1: You might recognize this as the same tactic used a

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Speaker 1: little bit later to stop union workers from organizing and

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Speaker 1: other parts of the country. Um so that is kind

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Speaker 1: of we can we we can see some sometimes the

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Speaker 1: exact same tactic being used for very different groups of

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Speaker 1: of oppressed Americans. But it is it's the same thing, Like,

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Speaker 1: what don't we just make it illegal for them to

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Speaker 1: be outside? Yeah? So, um, in this case, vagrancy laws

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Speaker 1: were used to force black people to take employment, generally

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Speaker 1: a sharecropper. So you make it illegal to be outside

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Speaker 1: without a job. That forces people to take jobs, and

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Speaker 1: since like you don't want to go to jail your choice,

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Speaker 1: like you have to very quickly get whatever job you

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Speaker 1: can get, which means people, you know, the power is

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Speaker 1: in the hands of the person offering you the job,

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Speaker 1: which means they can give you a job that's basically slavery,

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Speaker 1: which is in fact, what a lot of sharecropping job

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Speaker 1: share cropping one. Yeah, um, so again not quite slavery,

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Speaker 1: but also not nearly as far from being slavery as

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Speaker 1: it really ought to have been. Slavery light, Yeah, slavery light,

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Speaker 1: A little bit of diet. It's like the Coke zero

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Speaker 1: of enslaving human beings that one calorie. Yeah, it is

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Speaker 1: better for you, but not very much better. Yeah, not

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Speaker 1: very much better. Um, and it'll probably give you a

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Speaker 1: brain tumor. Um. I want to I'll cut that bed

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Speaker 1: out off. Coke zero wants to sponsor the podcast, I

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Speaker 1: will take your money. Yeah, so I want to kick

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Speaker 1: off our quotations in this episode with one from the

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Speaker 1: absolutely critical book that Everybody ought to read the End

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Speaker 1: of Policing by Alex Vitali. Quote anyone on the roads

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Speaker 1: without proof of employment was quickly subjected to police action.

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Speaker 1: Local police were the essential front door of the twin

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Speaker 1: evils of convict leasing and prison farms. Local sheriffs would

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Speaker 1: arrest free blacks on flimsy to non existing evidence, then

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Speaker 1: drive them into a cruel and inhuman justice system whose

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Speaker 1: punishments often resulted in death. These same sheriffs and judges

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Speaker 1: also received kickbacks and in some cases generated lists of

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Speaker 1: fit and hard working blacks to be incarcerated on behalf

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Speaker 1: of employers, who would then leased them out to perform

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Speaker 1: forced labor for profit. Douglas Blackman chronicles the appalling conditions

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Speaker 1: of mines and lumber camps, where thousands perished, where the

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Speaker 1: Jim Crow era policing had become a central tool of

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Speaker 1: maintaining racial inequality throughout the South, supplemented by ad hoc

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Speaker 1: vigilante such as the ku Klux Klan, which often worked

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Speaker 1: closely with and was populated by local police. Good little

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Speaker 1: summary of how it all went down. Yeah, yep, so

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Speaker 1: the motherfucking kkk Um. Let's get into a baby. Now.

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Speaker 1: We've done a whole two partter on the history of

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Speaker 1: the clan, the first and the second clan at least

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Speaker 1: on Behind the Bastards already, So if you want a

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Speaker 1: detailed history of both of those organizations, you can check

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Speaker 1: that out. It's in it's in the Behind the Bastards feed.

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Speaker 1: But I'm gonna give a little bit of an overview

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Speaker 1: before we dig into the cop you know, specific stuff.

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Speaker 1: The KKK formed initially in Pulaski, Tennessee, in eighteen sixty six.

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Speaker 1: The very first like saying Pulaski, Pulaski, Yeah, it's a

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Speaker 1: fun name of a town. It's a shame all of

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Speaker 1: the terrorism. Anyway, the very first KKK cell was formed

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Speaker 1: by a bunch of board drunk and pretty well off

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Speaker 1: Confederate veterans. They dressed up like wizards, and they gave

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Speaker 1: themselves absurd titles and went out at night, uh costumed

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Speaker 1: as the ghosts of Confederate veterans in order to scare

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Speaker 1: freed black people. One of the KKK founders happened to

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Speaker 1: own the local newspaper, and he published a bunch of

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Speaker 1: mysterious letters from a grand cyclops, all of which made

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Speaker 1: the clan seem cool and mysterious and powerful. This early meme,

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Speaker 1: and that's really what the KKK was at the start,

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Speaker 1: spread very quickly throughout the South, and soon thousands of

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Speaker 1: white dudes were dressing like ghosts and terrorizing black people,

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Speaker 1: generally while drunk as all hell. Sometimes they wore dresses,

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Speaker 1: other times they pretended to be aliens. They did this

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Speaker 1: because it was fun, but also because it made their

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Speaker 1: abuse more impactful, and her fantastic book Ku Klux Alain

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Speaker 1: Parsons explains this in a way that I think is

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Speaker 1: really important when it comes to just sort of understanding

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Speaker 1: modern right wing street violence and why a lot of

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Speaker 1: it seems so silly, Like a lot of the ways

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Speaker 1: they dress up and act are so on that surface

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Speaker 1: absurd quote ku Klux endeavored to portray victims entirely rational

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Speaker 1: fear of their physical violence, as though it were superstition

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Speaker 1: or gullibility. The victim, telling Lee, failed to get the joke,

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Speaker 1: allowing himself to be frightened by ghosts or devils. Get

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Speaker 1: the joke? Yeah, they didn't get the joke. Shot at you, yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: you know, while I'm hanging from my neck. Yeah you

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Speaker 1: get it. Yeah, we hung you from a tree and

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Speaker 1: we were dressed as aliens. Don't You don't get the joke?

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Speaker 1: You scared of aliens? Yeah, yea, there it is. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: fucking fascists are always thinking yeah what Yeah, at some

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Speaker 1: point you have to explain to me and one of

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Speaker 1: these bastard episodes, why far right fascists are just not funny. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's because it's not funny. It's because comedy, Um, good

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Speaker 1: comedy requires uh, what's the word I'm looking for here? Um? Empathy? Right,

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Speaker 1: Like you have to understand other people in order to

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Speaker 1: say things that are funny to them. There it is, yeah,

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Speaker 1: thank you? Yeah, so um yeah, many, if not most,

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Speaker 1: of these early Klansmen were former slave patrol members, and

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Speaker 1: a sizeable number of these early Clansmen, in addition to

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Speaker 1: being former slaver patrol members, were also current law enforcement

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Speaker 1: you know, sheriffs and the like. There was also, outside

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Speaker 1: of you know, even the clan, just a huge amount

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Speaker 1: of vigilante violence directed against black people during this time,

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Speaker 1: and it all does sort of bleed together. One Edgefield County,

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Speaker 1: South Carolina military officer, like a US military officers stationed

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Speaker 1: in the in the former Confederacy in eighteen sixty six,

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Speaker 1: wrote this quote, Two men white had killed a Negro

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Speaker 1: plus cut the ear off another the evening before about

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Speaker 1: five miles left of my encampment. It is presumed they

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Speaker 1: belonged to a regular organized band of guerrillas which infests

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Speaker 1: that country. It is practiced among these monsters either to

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Speaker 1: kill or mutilate any colored people who unluckily falls into

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Speaker 1: their power. None of the colored people dared to sleep

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Speaker 1: in their houses at night, but had to take refuge

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Speaker 1: in the surrounding country. Some part of the peaceful, loyal

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Speaker 1: white population are well acquainted with the haunts of these

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Speaker 1: two predators, but dread them. Would they betray them as

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Speaker 1: there is no protective power in the country. They are

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Speaker 1: a terror to the loyal population at night. These ruffians

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Speaker 1: besotted with drink, rave and tear like prairie Indians through

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Speaker 1: the streets of the city. The civil law is powerless

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Speaker 1: to protect against such desperadoes. That's interesting because it gives

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Speaker 1: you an idea of how terrifying it was during this period,

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Speaker 1: how these people acted. It give you also like a

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Speaker 1: look into the head of sort of I guess what

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Speaker 1: you'd call like a white ally who was also still

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Speaker 1: really racist against Native Americans. Like yeah, I was like,

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Speaker 1: there's a lot like a prairie Indian. That's what that

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Speaker 1: is of all the whole sentence. That's what I caught

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Speaker 1: where I was like, wait what, it's like you're you're

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Speaker 1: so uh what do we talk? Yeah? I was like yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's like the record skipped where I was just like yeah, man, yeah, man, yeah, man,

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Speaker 1: hold up. Yeah, it's kind of like you want to

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Speaker 1: be really proud of like Ulysses Simpson Grant, because you know,

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Speaker 1: as flawed as he was, he beat the Confederacy, he

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Speaker 1: was pretty committed to to black people not being slaves.

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Speaker 1: He was committed to them having their right to vote.

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Speaker 1: He did some really good stuff as present for black people.

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Speaker 1: Real terrible record with the Native Americans, just like real,

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Speaker 1: real bad. Yeah. Um, so you know we have we

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Speaker 1: do have a couple of of of of founding members

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Speaker 1: of this country that we can be comprehensively proud of.

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Speaker 1: But they're pretty much just Thomas Paine actually when just

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Speaker 1: basically and and John Brown. Yeah yeah yeah. John Brown,

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Speaker 1: there was a neat moment in his history where he

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Speaker 1: was like asked by some white folks he lived around

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Speaker 1: to help them clear out a group of Native Americans

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Speaker 1: from the community, and he was like, I'd rather clear

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Speaker 1: your ass out of here. Yeah, good guy. John Brown,

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Speaker 1: so um, civil law was often powerless to stop these

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Speaker 1: kind of bands of marauding white terrorists in this insurgence

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Speaker 1: really in this period of time. Um, but civil law

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Speaker 1: was also often on board with this kind of violence.

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Speaker 1: So it was a mix of we really have no

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Speaker 1: resources to stop these people, and we also don't want

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Speaker 1: to stop these people. Uh. And a good example of

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Speaker 1: how this looked comes from the case of Union County,

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Speaker 1: South Carolina. That town included a virulent cell of clansmen

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Speaker 1: roughly organized around a local criminal named Bill Fawcett. Now,

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Speaker 1: Fawcett had been a member of another anti black gorilla

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Speaker 1: band known to Union troops as Slickers previously, he and

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Speaker 1: his friends seemed to have slid rather seamlessly into becoming

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Speaker 1: clansmen once that was the hip new way to be

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Speaker 1: racist terrorists. Fawcett was repeatedly arrested for disorderly conduct and violence,

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Speaker 1: but he had good connections to local law enforcement, and

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Speaker 1: he and his friends were also tied heavily into the

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Speaker 1: wealthy gentry in the Union County, so they never really

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Speaker 1: did any hard time because they were good smugglers and

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Speaker 1: they helped keep the rich people in the County well

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Speaker 1: supplied with tax free liquor. One of the wealthy men

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Speaker 1: who supported Fawcett and his vigilante activities was James Rice Rogers.

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Speaker 1: He sold the illegal liquor that Fawcett smuggled and he

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Speaker 1: was also the county sheriff in eighteen seventy. So that's

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Speaker 1: back around the uh and again we're seeing kind of

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Speaker 1: the same thing we are seeing in like the big

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Speaker 1: you know, northern cities in this period of time where

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Speaker 1: the police are intimately tied with vice, right you know.

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Speaker 1: Um So, on the night of December thirty one, eighteen seventy,

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Speaker 1: Union County was struck by a series of violent rates.

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Speaker 1: And this kind of originated from a clash between white

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Speaker 1: and black folks that still very complex. It started when

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Speaker 1: two of Fawcett's and set out to deliver a barrel

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Speaker 1: of illegal whiskey and they were stopped on the road

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Speaker 1: by a checkpoint of black militiamen. And these guys were

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Speaker 1: actually from two different black militias who had set up

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Speaker 1: patrols in the area they lived because there were bands

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Speaker 1: of armed clans been writing about and those clansmen had

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Speaker 1: killed people recently. Um, not just black people, but also

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Speaker 1: like white Republicans in this period. Um, so they yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: they're they're killing Republicans. Republican meant something different back then, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: sure did so. Um, there's these bands of you know,

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Speaker 1: armed klansmen running around killing people, and so black folks

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Speaker 1: set up militias to protect their neighborhoods, right, so they're

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Speaker 1: doing like armed community self defense. And this this group

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Speaker 1: of faucets you know men start driving up to one

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Speaker 1: of these uh, one of these checkpoints with a barrel

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Speaker 1: of illegal whiskey. Um, and this militia holds Fawcett's men

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Speaker 1: up and they demand their hand over the whiskey. Um.

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Speaker 1: It's kind of unclear if they're just if they just

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Speaker 1: want the whiskey because they're like, oh hey, let's get

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Speaker 1: some whiskey, um, or if they're more like you guys

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Speaker 1: are sketchy as hell. Um, you kind of seem like

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Speaker 1: the clan dudes, because these guys were both probably klansmen

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Speaker 1: who have been riding around and like, we want to

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Speaker 1: see what the hell is up. And obviously these these

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Speaker 1: white dudes did weren't willing to like listen to what

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Speaker 1: a bunch of black militias said, and they write off.

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Speaker 1: And so the black militiamen opened fire at their wagon.

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Speaker 1: And I'm gonna quote from historian A. Lane Parsons here.

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Speaker 1: Perhaps it was important to the pickets or those who fired,

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Speaker 1: that white men not dismissed their armed demands and drive

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Speaker 1: breezily by. Such pickets were part of how power operated

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Speaker 1: in Union, and to mobilize the resources to set one

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Speaker 1: up only to have it dismissed might have serious consequences.

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Speaker 1: Perhaps the shots were not about the whiskey at all.

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Speaker 1: There is some reason to suspect that Stevens, who's one

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Speaker 1: of the men driving that whiskey train, having passed through

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Speaker 1: the organized group, would have headed straight to Fawcett, which

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Speaker 1: might well have led to trouble, not unlike that which

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Speaker 1: was caused by shooting. So like they might have been

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Speaker 1: worried that these people were gonna go back to the

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Speaker 1: clan and try to organize an attack on the picket

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Speaker 1: and so, and trouble definitely followed, you know, them shooting

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Speaker 1: at the wagon. Both the Fawcetts men immediately got out

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Speaker 1: of the wagon and fled, but one of them was

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Speaker 1: caught and he was executed by the militia, and his

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Speaker 1: body was posed in a matter similar to how clansmen

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Speaker 1: in the area had posed recently executed black men. Parsons continues.

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Speaker 1: The black militia here was replicating the subculture of collective

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Speaker 1: violence with which Union County ins were familiar. Picketing a

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Speaker 1: road to defend one of their own from attack was

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Speaker 1: conventional Union County behavior, as probably was the shakedown of Steven's.

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Speaker 1: Even shooting after the retreating figures of Stevens and Robinson

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Speaker 1: as they ran their picket would perhaps not have been

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Speaker 1: particularly abnormal and as unhappy a culture as Union Counties.

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Speaker 1: The killing of Stevens made it a much more serious matter.

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Speaker 1: Of course. Militiaman, however, might have miscalibrated elite's willingness to

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Speaker 1: support Fawcett's marginal men, giving Steven's limital status he was

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Speaker 1: a criminal. Had the militia been composed of white members,

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Speaker 1: it seems likely that the whole affair would have blown over. Indeed,

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Speaker 1: when Steven's peer, Thomas Jefferson Greer had been shot just

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Speaker 1: months earlier, his assailant, who was another white guy, had

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Speaker 1: enjoyed widespreads public support. But again, John Sanders had been

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Speaker 1: a white man. The fact that a black militia had

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Speaker 1: killed a white guy was not okay to local white elite,

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Speaker 1: and so large armed groups of white men formed up

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Speaker 1: and started confiscating milicia weapons from black homes, disarming them first.

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Speaker 1: Here we go. So so, like I get a bunch

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Speaker 1: of pushback from said, you know, uh anarchists, bugaloo dudes

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Speaker 1: who are like low key buggaloo, but don't want to

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Speaker 1: admit it. You know what I'm saying, um saying, like

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Speaker 1: I don't understand why black people don't arm themselves like

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Speaker 1: you're doing all this peaceful protests. Maybe you should, like

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Speaker 1: you yelling at us about being malicious coming out here

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Speaker 1: heavenly armed. Maybe y'all should start heavily being heavily armed,

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Speaker 1: as if we ain't never thought of that, like like

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Speaker 1: I would. What makes you think we that thought ain't

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Speaker 1: crossed our mind yet? You know what I'm saying, Like,

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Speaker 1: do you want me to go? You did a thing

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Speaker 1: on them, offered act already. You know what I'm saying,

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Speaker 1: We did that already. But like this what years is?

375
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Speaker 1: What year you're talking about right now? Yeah? It's this.

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Speaker 1: I'm a big I'm a supporter of of of of

377
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Speaker 1: not just black people, members of marginalized groups, particularly as

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Speaker 1: we continue to hurdle towards an uncertain future. Considering armed

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Speaker 1: self defense, yes, like, yeah, that's been done a lot,

380
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Speaker 1: and historically there's a lot more armed white people. So

381
00:20:21,080 --> 00:20:24,720
Speaker 1: it's still like, it's not the solution. It's not the solution,

382
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Speaker 1: And like, why you think we ain't thought it at?

383
00:20:28,840 --> 00:20:31,800
Speaker 1: Like do you think we ain't thought of at This

384
00:20:32,040 --> 00:20:35,880
Speaker 1: has been tried before and and sometimes it does work.

385
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Speaker 1: We'll we'll actually got me talking about this a few

386
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Speaker 1: times in this episode. It's not like like again I

387
00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:44,480
Speaker 1: I'm one of the anarchists being like consider it. You know.

388
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Speaker 1: It's yeah, I'm not saying consider it, but these people

389
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Speaker 1: talking to me as if we never thought about you

390
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Speaker 1: know what I'm saying from the fucking beginning, From the beginning,

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Speaker 1: what makes you think Like you come home, bro, and yeah,

392
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Speaker 1: what happens? You know, the black people in Union County

393
00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:05,400
Speaker 1: are organized and they are armed, and white people start

394
00:21:05,480 --> 00:21:09,200
Speaker 1: going door to door and taking guns out events. Yes,

395
00:21:09,640 --> 00:21:12,920
Speaker 1: and the reality of like and I love the part

396
00:21:12,960 --> 00:21:16,080
Speaker 1: of that passage that was like this is not abnormal,

397
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Speaker 1: Like what what what I wish I could run through

398
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Speaker 1: all of the streets of America and explain is our

399
00:21:24,280 --> 00:21:29,520
Speaker 1: countin American culture is violent, like we are. All of

400
00:21:29,560 --> 00:21:34,200
Speaker 1: your statues are war heroes were founded on a protest.

401
00:21:34,560 --> 00:21:39,520
Speaker 1: This is a violent culture. And our country, our power structures,

402
00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:44,280
Speaker 1: they respond to violence. So I just don't like, I'm

403
00:21:44,320 --> 00:21:46,440
Speaker 1: not telling you this is the right way. I'm just

404
00:21:46,520 --> 00:21:48,920
Speaker 1: telling you. This is the ocean you swimming in. You

405
00:21:48,960 --> 00:21:52,480
Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. Right, we are saltwater fishies, That's

406
00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:56,280
Speaker 1: where we are. We are a violent culture. So you

407
00:21:56,440 --> 00:22:01,680
Speaker 1: mad at somebody else who's who's experiencing violence, right, like

408
00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:04,760
Speaker 1: like it's become bit on those experience in violence to

409
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Speaker 1: remain peaceful. Just it means like, I don't think you

410
00:22:08,720 --> 00:22:10,320
Speaker 1: want to you asking me to be a fresh water

411
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Speaker 1: fish in a saltwater ocean, Like, I just don't know

412
00:22:12,920 --> 00:22:15,720
Speaker 1: what to tell you. The water is violent. So this

413
00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:21,400
Speaker 1: is what's going to happen, Yeah yeah, so um yeah.

414
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Speaker 1: So the white folks start taking all the guns of

415
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Speaker 1: the black people who are in malicious um and they

416
00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:28,760
Speaker 1: also arrest dozens of black men, many of them had

417
00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:31,960
Speaker 1: whom had no ties to the malitious. Now, some of

418
00:22:32,040 --> 00:22:35,040
Speaker 1: these men attempted to resist, but they ultimately decided that

419
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Speaker 1: a gunfight would do them no good. Uh. They basically

420
00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:40,520
Speaker 1: were like, hold up in a house that was surrounded

421
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Speaker 1: by white folks, and they had the choice do we

422
00:22:42,640 --> 00:22:44,960
Speaker 1: defend ourselves or do we give ourselves up? And kind

423
00:22:44,960 --> 00:22:47,520
Speaker 1: of the decision was, if we defend ourselves, we will

424
00:22:47,560 --> 00:22:49,840
Speaker 1: either kill or injure some of these white folks and

425
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Speaker 1: they will be really angry when they finished killing us

426
00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:54,040
Speaker 1: because there's a lot more of them, and they're gonna

427
00:22:54,080 --> 00:22:58,520
Speaker 1: burn down every black house in the neighborhood right there. Yeah,

428
00:22:58,560 --> 00:23:01,480
Speaker 1: they like white people at this time and in this

429
00:23:01,880 --> 00:23:04,000
Speaker 1: and at that time and in this time, but mostly

430
00:23:04,040 --> 00:23:11,240
Speaker 1: at that time. Are thev say like you elevate the moment,

431
00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:13,480
Speaker 1: like dial the eat up? You know what I'm saying.

432
00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:18,280
Speaker 1: So these folks like give themselves up to save the neighborhood. Um. Now,

433
00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:21,400
Speaker 1: For several days, the white elites in Union County debated

434
00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:24,040
Speaker 1: over this list of randomly arrested black men that they

435
00:23:24,119 --> 00:23:26,600
Speaker 1: had and decided, basically, we're credited aside, how many of

436
00:23:26,680 --> 00:23:29,399
Speaker 1: them should can we punish and how many of them

437
00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:33,040
Speaker 1: can we spare without provoking a broader race riot among like,

438
00:23:33,359 --> 00:23:35,280
Speaker 1: because you know, there were like a chunk of folks

439
00:23:35,320 --> 00:23:38,200
Speaker 1: in power who are like, who understood, like, most of

440
00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:40,840
Speaker 1: these arrests are bullshit. But also we have to punish

441
00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:43,960
Speaker 1: some black people more or less at random, otherwise the

442
00:23:44,160 --> 00:23:46,240
Speaker 1: poor white folks in the county are going to go

443
00:23:46,320 --> 00:23:48,679
Speaker 1: on a race riot. So there's like this big debate

444
00:23:48,760 --> 00:23:51,840
Speaker 1: with the local elites, and Alice Walker, the head of

445
00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:54,520
Speaker 1: a local black militia, gets arrested on his way to

446
00:23:54,600 --> 00:23:56,720
Speaker 1: travel to the governor to warn him about what's happening

447
00:23:56,760 --> 00:23:59,480
Speaker 1: in Union County. Now Walker hadn't been present at any

448
00:23:59,520 --> 00:24:01,320
Speaker 1: of the events that had sparked this, but he was

449
00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:03,800
Speaker 1: hated by the most racist of the local whites because

450
00:24:03,840 --> 00:24:06,320
Speaker 1: he was the organizer of a black militia, so local

451
00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:09,480
Speaker 1: law enforcement decided that his death would go really far

452
00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:12,760
Speaker 1: in calming the white mob. Now Walker had supporters who

453
00:24:12,800 --> 00:24:15,240
Speaker 1: were ready to rally to his defense armed, but again

454
00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:17,560
Speaker 1: he told them not to um. He was innocent, and

455
00:24:17,600 --> 00:24:19,560
Speaker 1: he was certain that a court case would bear out

456
00:24:19,640 --> 00:24:22,040
Speaker 1: his innocence, But he never got the chance to actually,

457
00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:24,440
Speaker 1: you know, do that. On January five, a huge gang

458
00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:27,200
Speaker 1: of ku Kus klansmen raided the Union County jail and

459
00:24:27,240 --> 00:24:29,960
Speaker 1: abducted five arrested black men, who also happened to be

460
00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:33,840
Speaker 1: prominent local Republicans Parsons Rights quote. It is not possible

461
00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:36,080
Speaker 1: to name many of the members of the costumed group,

462
00:24:36,200 --> 00:24:38,000
Speaker 1: but because though not all of the men were on

463
00:24:38,080 --> 00:24:40,320
Speaker 1: horseback and were costumed, we can imagine that many of

464
00:24:40,359 --> 00:24:42,680
Speaker 1: the group's members were elites. From the size of the group.

465
00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:45,359
Speaker 1: Even if we accept only a cautious estimate, it seems

466
00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:47,639
Speaker 1: likely that they came from adjoining counties. There's a good

467
00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:49,920
Speaker 1: deal of evidence that some of Fawcett's friends were present

468
00:24:49,960 --> 00:24:52,399
Speaker 1: in a leadership role at this event, and one man

469
00:24:52,480 --> 00:24:54,679
Speaker 1: who was later named by witnesses to the raid as

470
00:24:54,720 --> 00:24:56,879
Speaker 1: a leader of the clan mob that abducted all these

471
00:24:56,920 --> 00:25:00,960
Speaker 1: black men, was Fawcett's good buddy, Sheriff Rice Dgers. Um.

472
00:25:01,240 --> 00:25:03,120
Speaker 1: So again, yeah, the ship, that's how they get into

473
00:25:03,160 --> 00:25:05,200
Speaker 1: the jail is the sheriff as a klansman and he

474
00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:09,720
Speaker 1: lets in. Yeah. Yeah, and you know obviously what you're

475
00:25:09,760 --> 00:25:13,040
Speaker 1: expecting happens to these black men, and it's tragic, yeah, um,

476
00:25:13,240 --> 00:25:16,840
Speaker 1: And it's it's possible even that, like, so, there was

477
00:25:16,920 --> 00:25:18,560
Speaker 1: one of the things that did happen when the KKK

478
00:25:18,640 --> 00:25:20,520
Speaker 1: showed up in this jail, is they struggled with a

479
00:25:20,600 --> 00:25:24,600
Speaker 1: deputy to get the keys. Um. And it's heavily suspected

480
00:25:24,640 --> 00:25:27,800
Speaker 1: by historians, including Elaine Parsons, that this was all kind

481
00:25:27,840 --> 00:25:29,840
Speaker 1: of an act um and that it's likely that the

482
00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:33,200
Speaker 1: deputy who struggled with the clan after giving up the keys,

483
00:25:33,320 --> 00:25:35,840
Speaker 1: put on a clan costume and engaged in the raid

484
00:25:35,880 --> 00:25:40,640
Speaker 1: after being robbed. Yeah, yeah, I can totally picture that, Hey,

485
00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:43,520
Speaker 1: don't take my key, don't take my key. Look, I'm

486
00:25:43,560 --> 00:25:47,680
Speaker 1: doing the right thing. Yeah. And it is like again

487
00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:51,240
Speaker 1: a lot and this this this, I highlight this story

488
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:53,960
Speaker 1: because I think specific stories are kind of useful in

489
00:25:54,440 --> 00:25:57,919
Speaker 1: getting people emotionally involved. But this is one of this happened.

490
00:25:58,359 --> 00:26:01,560
Speaker 1: We will never know how many times constantly UM Like,

491
00:26:02,040 --> 00:26:04,320
Speaker 1: the whole idea of a mob showing up at the

492
00:26:04,440 --> 00:26:07,720
Speaker 1: jail and the officers handing over the keys or straight

493
00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:10,600
Speaker 1: up just participating in the raid of the jail with

494
00:26:10,720 --> 00:26:15,520
Speaker 1: clan robes on was a constant story during this period. UM. Now,

495
00:26:15,680 --> 00:26:19,400
Speaker 1: as a rule, local law enforcement either again helped actively

496
00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:22,120
Speaker 1: or turned a blind eye to clan violence out of fear.

497
00:26:22,680 --> 00:26:25,600
Speaker 1: Watching from Washington, d C. President U. S. Grant was

498
00:26:25,680 --> 00:26:27,879
Speaker 1: shocked by what seemed to be nothing so much as

499
00:26:27,920 --> 00:26:31,600
Speaker 1: a resurgent Confederate movement in his you know, in his country.

500
00:26:32,119 --> 00:26:34,720
Speaker 1: So when he had come to power, Granted believed that

501
00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:37,560
Speaker 1: the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, which guaranteed black men

502
00:26:37,600 --> 00:26:40,240
Speaker 1: the right to vote, would solve the problem of securing

503
00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:42,960
Speaker 1: the rights of newly freed black people. He was taken

504
00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:45,719
Speaker 1: by surprise by the vicious string of murders that followed

505
00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:49,200
Speaker 1: black emancipation and chat Noogat Tennessee, a black man named

506
00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:52,040
Speaker 1: Andrew Flowers defeated the white candidate for Justice of the

507
00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:54,720
Speaker 1: Peace in an eighteen seventy election, despite the fact that

508
00:26:54,800 --> 00:26:57,280
Speaker 1: this man had just been elected justice police were nowhere

509
00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:59,400
Speaker 1: in evidence while klansman whipped and beat him and told

510
00:26:59,480 --> 00:27:02,520
Speaker 1: him that no inward would hold office in the United States.

511
00:27:02,920 --> 00:27:08,320
Speaker 1: Again common story, Yeah and again survived. Yeah again. Hey,

512
00:27:08,400 --> 00:27:10,440
Speaker 1: why don't you just put black people in office? You

513
00:27:10,640 --> 00:27:16,520
Speaker 1: think we ain't thought it at Yeah, you gotta deal

514
00:27:16,600 --> 00:27:19,720
Speaker 1: with the problem of mass violence being done to black

515
00:27:19,800 --> 00:27:23,680
Speaker 1: people in support of white supremacy, not always by white people,

516
00:27:23,760 --> 00:27:26,840
Speaker 1: but in support of white supremacy. Because we'll talk next

517
00:27:26,920 --> 00:27:31,440
Speaker 1: week about how how having black officers and police departments works,

518
00:27:31,520 --> 00:27:33,640
Speaker 1: because it doesn't always work the way you might suspect,

519
00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:37,479
Speaker 1: because white supremacy. Yeah, we talk to the first one.

520
00:27:37,560 --> 00:27:43,240
Speaker 1: Whiteness is a thing. Yeah, you know what isn't the

521
00:27:43,520 --> 00:27:49,680
Speaker 1: ku klux jus. No, that's not that's not what I mean. Yeah,

522
00:27:50,280 --> 00:27:53,199
Speaker 1: you know that's the harsh. Let's not analyze that too

523
00:27:53,280 --> 00:27:55,679
Speaker 1: much right now. Let's just go through the episode one

524
00:27:55,800 --> 00:27:58,840
Speaker 1: Fun the Police. It's time for an ad BK fun

525
00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:09,720
Speaker 1: the Police roducts. We're back. Oh my gosh. You know

526
00:28:09,800 --> 00:28:12,359
Speaker 1: what I love is being back from ADS because it

527
00:28:12,440 --> 00:28:16,119
Speaker 1: means that we can talk more about the horrific history

528
00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:18,760
Speaker 1: of racism and law enforcement, terror and trauma that sits

529
00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:25,480
Speaker 1: inside of my DNA and passed on generationally. Yes, should

530
00:28:25,520 --> 00:28:28,600
Speaker 1: have had an air horn there. So, starting in eighteen seventy,

531
00:28:28,840 --> 00:28:32,119
Speaker 1: U President Grant began to lobby Congress to give him

532
00:28:32,160 --> 00:28:35,440
Speaker 1: power to do something about the clan because again, local

533
00:28:35,560 --> 00:28:39,480
Speaker 1: law enforcement was actively aiding and abetting the KK. In

534
00:28:39,560 --> 00:28:43,440
Speaker 1: eighteen seventy and eighteen seventy one, Congress passed the Enforcement Acts.

535
00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:46,440
Speaker 1: These protected the rights of black men to vote, hold office,

536
00:28:46,480 --> 00:28:49,280
Speaker 1: and serve on juries and generally enjoy equal protection under

537
00:28:49,280 --> 00:28:52,000
Speaker 1: the law. The Ku Klux Klan Acts, as they came

538
00:28:52,040 --> 00:28:54,080
Speaker 1: to be known, allowed President Grant to call up the

539
00:28:54,240 --> 00:28:56,680
Speaker 1: army to order in order to arrest and break up

540
00:28:56,720 --> 00:29:00,160
Speaker 1: the bands of disguised night marauders. And we're to be

541
00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:02,920
Speaker 1: like critical of law enforcement on this podcast, but we

542
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:04,920
Speaker 1: gotta be fair when it's important to be fair, and

543
00:29:05,080 --> 00:29:08,480
Speaker 1: federal law enforcement did a pretty decent job on breaking

544
00:29:08,600 --> 00:29:12,840
Speaker 1: up the clan. Yeah, yeah, yeah. This is this is

545
00:29:12,880 --> 00:29:15,800
Speaker 1: where things get really complicated, prop because a lot of

546
00:29:15,880 --> 00:29:18,880
Speaker 1: the credit for this goes to Amos Ackerman, the Attorney

547
00:29:18,960 --> 00:29:22,560
Speaker 1: General of the United States. Ackerman joined the Republican Party

548
00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:24,720
Speaker 1: after the Civil War and became one of the nation's

549
00:29:24,800 --> 00:29:28,440
Speaker 1: most strenuous advocates for black suffrage. He was like, black

550
00:29:28,520 --> 00:29:30,760
Speaker 1: people have the right to vote and hold office, and

551
00:29:30,880 --> 00:29:33,360
Speaker 1: we will I I will make sure we enforce this

552
00:29:33,480 --> 00:29:37,880
Speaker 1: with fucking rifleman if we have to. Um. Historian William S.

553
00:29:37,960 --> 00:29:41,240
Speaker 1: Mcpheeley said of Ackerman that quote no attorney general before

554
00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:43,880
Speaker 1: or since has been more vigorous in the prosecution of

555
00:29:43,960 --> 00:29:46,760
Speaker 1: cases designed to protect the lives and rights of black Americans.

556
00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:50,240
Speaker 1: And here's where things get complicated, because before he was

557
00:29:50,320 --> 00:29:54,680
Speaker 1: a Republican before he was the Attorney General. Amos Ackerman

558
00:29:54,800 --> 00:30:01,080
Speaker 1: volunteered and fought in the Confederate Army. People have layers

559
00:30:02,160 --> 00:30:09,040
Speaker 1: of complication. People are complicated. They in them contain many Yeah. Um,

560
00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:11,040
Speaker 1: and this if for Amos, this seems to have been

561
00:30:11,120 --> 00:30:12,280
Speaker 1: like he was. It seems to have been more a

562
00:30:12,360 --> 00:30:14,080
Speaker 1: matter of, like you hear about these folks who are like,

563
00:30:14,440 --> 00:30:18,360
Speaker 1: really loyal to their state for reasons I have trouble understanding. Like,

564
00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:21,000
Speaker 1: he doesn't seem to have joined the Confederate Army specifically

565
00:30:21,040 --> 00:30:24,000
Speaker 1: to fight for slavery, although he fought for slavery because

566
00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:26,600
Speaker 1: that's what the Confederate Army fought for. But in his mind,

567
00:30:26,640 --> 00:30:28,760
Speaker 1: I think it was more like, I'm really loyal to Georgia.

568
00:30:28,840 --> 00:30:30,440
Speaker 1: I don't know. I can't get in ahead of that guy.

569
00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:33,080
Speaker 1: But I guess if you can make that up he

570
00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:38,400
Speaker 1: tried to afterwards. Um, So I want to give it

571
00:30:38,520 --> 00:30:44,520
Speaker 1: to the possibility that people, uh, probably hundreds of them

572
00:30:44,600 --> 00:30:48,120
Speaker 1: at the time, you know, like you said, just was like, look,

573
00:30:48,400 --> 00:30:50,240
Speaker 1: we're down. Here is what we do. We're fighting for

574
00:30:50,280 --> 00:30:52,520
Speaker 1: our way of life. I guess that's right. And in

575
00:30:52,600 --> 00:30:54,960
Speaker 1: the middle of that, finally had this like, you know,

576
00:30:55,360 --> 00:30:58,240
Speaker 1: this is bullshit, you know what I'm saying, and was like,

577
00:30:58,520 --> 00:31:02,640
Speaker 1: but if you'd only this person for miles talking like this,

578
00:31:03,320 --> 00:31:08,040
Speaker 1: it's probably hard to find some good community and you're

579
00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:11,280
Speaker 1: probably gonna fumble, and then you become this guy to

580
00:31:11,360 --> 00:31:13,320
Speaker 1: where you're like, hey, there's one thing I can do.

581
00:31:13,520 --> 00:31:16,640
Speaker 1: I could probably like dismantled his clan. Thing, that's the

582
00:31:17,280 --> 00:31:20,400
Speaker 1: thing to do. Yeah, if there's a thing that can

583
00:31:20,480 --> 00:31:22,920
Speaker 1: make up for volunteering to serve in the Confederate Army,

584
00:31:23,040 --> 00:31:26,440
Speaker 1: I guess it's dismantling the KKK. I guess. Yeah, Like

585
00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:30,600
Speaker 1: that's a good that's a good, good artist. Yeah. Yeah.

586
00:31:31,280 --> 00:31:34,520
Speaker 1: So the worst clan violence was in South Carolina, and

587
00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:37,840
Speaker 1: Grant declared martial law in that state, citing a condition

588
00:31:37,880 --> 00:31:41,720
Speaker 1: of lawlessness. He suspended habeas corpus uh, and numerous clansmen

589
00:31:41,760 --> 00:31:45,040
Speaker 1: were rounded up by federal authorities, including Sheriff Rice Rogers,

590
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:47,800
Speaker 1: who we have been talking about a lot of a

591
00:31:47,880 --> 00:31:51,000
Speaker 1: lot of Sheriff Scott dropped pulled up in this. So

592
00:31:51,480 --> 00:31:54,320
Speaker 1: the Senate held extensive hearings where hundreds of black victims

593
00:31:54,320 --> 00:31:55,880
Speaker 1: of the clan were allowed to tell their stories to

594
00:31:55,960 --> 00:31:59,240
Speaker 1: the nation under Rackerman's direction, six hundred clansmen were convicted,

595
00:31:59,280 --> 00:32:01,640
Speaker 1: in sixty five of them sent to a federal penitentiary.

596
00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:04,280
Speaker 1: By eighteen seventy two, the clan was no longer a

597
00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:08,160
Speaker 1: meaningful force in the United States. Frederick Douglas himself said

598
00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:11,160
Speaker 1: that without President Grant's actions, black Americans would have been

599
00:32:11,200 --> 00:32:14,280
Speaker 1: trapped again in a condition almost identical to slavery. That

600
00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:16,680
Speaker 1: is probably true, But it's also true that Grant kind

601
00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:19,680
Speaker 1: of botched the landing on this one, firing Ackerman to

602
00:32:19,760 --> 00:32:22,440
Speaker 1: appease his political rivals and commuting the sentences of some

603
00:32:22,600 --> 00:32:26,640
Speaker 1: clansmen in a bid for reconciliation. So again, I can't

604
00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:30,880
Speaker 1: stand here. You know, let's be fair, um. But also,

605
00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:33,920
Speaker 1: you know, it is fair to say that Ulysses Simon

606
00:32:34,080 --> 00:32:37,640
Speaker 1: Simpson Grant was probably the best presidential advocate for black

607
00:32:37,760 --> 00:32:42,200
Speaker 1: rights that existed until at least FDR. That's I was

608
00:32:42,240 --> 00:32:44,840
Speaker 1: going to say, like, yeah, why not to the New Deal,

609
00:32:45,040 --> 00:32:49,239
Speaker 1: you know, yeah, and even like even he got an

610
00:32:49,240 --> 00:32:52,520
Speaker 1: asterisk next to it, yeah, a couple of yeah. So

611
00:32:54,080 --> 00:32:57,520
Speaker 1: terrorism was, however, briefly out as a method of suppress

612
00:32:57,560 --> 00:33:00,280
Speaker 1: of repressing Black Americans and enforcing white suprema see or

613
00:33:00,280 --> 00:33:02,320
Speaker 1: at least terrorism and kind of an organized fashion, because

614
00:33:02,320 --> 00:33:05,280
Speaker 1: we're gonna talk about lynching later. Um. This left the

615
00:33:05,400 --> 00:33:09,040
Speaker 1: law and law enforcement as the last organized refuge for

616
00:33:09,120 --> 00:33:12,120
Speaker 1: white supremacists. The Black Codes had been made illegal in

617
00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:14,600
Speaker 1: eighteen sixty eight when the Fourteenth Amendment gave black people

618
00:33:14,640 --> 00:33:18,040
Speaker 1: equal protection under the law. UM, But in eighteen seventy seven,

619
00:33:18,080 --> 00:33:21,040
Speaker 1: the first Jim Crow laws began to be passed, mandating

620
00:33:21,080 --> 00:33:24,440
Speaker 1: separate public spaces for black and white people. Suddenly, white

621
00:33:24,480 --> 00:33:26,480
Speaker 1: and black people were now expected by law to use

622
00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:29,960
Speaker 1: separate schools, libraries, water fountains, and restaurants. The police could

623
00:33:30,000 --> 00:33:32,600
Speaker 1: no longer arrest black men for voting, although that absolutely

624
00:33:32,600 --> 00:33:35,480
Speaker 1: still happened, but they could arrest black people for entering

625
00:33:35,560 --> 00:33:39,360
Speaker 1: white spaces. The clan was gone, but the police remained,

626
00:33:39,560 --> 00:33:41,480
Speaker 1: and for decades they took over the hard work of

627
00:33:41,600 --> 00:33:46,760
Speaker 1: enforcing white supremacy from the terrorists. In nineteen fifteen, William J. Simmons,

628
00:33:46,880 --> 00:33:50,040
Speaker 1: former minister, performed a real act of resurrection and brought

629
00:33:50,080 --> 00:33:53,240
Speaker 1: the KKK back to life. Now. Simmons had been a

630
00:33:53,280 --> 00:33:55,440
Speaker 1: big nerd for things like the Masons and other fraternal

631
00:33:55,560 --> 00:33:57,240
Speaker 1: societies that were a big part of life back in

632
00:33:57,280 --> 00:33:59,320
Speaker 1: the day clubs where men would gather and dress up

633
00:33:59,320 --> 00:34:02,880
Speaker 1: in costumes, do silly rituals, and generally get drunk. Simmons

634
00:34:02,920 --> 00:34:04,920
Speaker 1: wanted to make a society of his own, and he

635
00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:07,880
Speaker 1: decided that reviving the old KKK would be easiest because

636
00:34:07,920 --> 00:34:10,440
Speaker 1: then he could cash in on the clan's name recognition

637
00:34:10,520 --> 00:34:12,960
Speaker 1: and branding. Again, I cover all this in that two

638
00:34:13,040 --> 00:34:14,960
Speaker 1: party that we we already did on the show. But

639
00:34:15,040 --> 00:34:16,880
Speaker 1: before we move on to the cops stuff, the important

640
00:34:16,880 --> 00:34:19,480
Speaker 1: thing to know is that the Second Clan was fucking huge.

641
00:34:19,640 --> 00:34:22,719
Speaker 1: While the first had been a relatively small group of terrorists,

642
00:34:23,040 --> 00:34:26,040
Speaker 1: the Second Clan had its terrorists, but it was largely

643
00:34:26,120 --> 00:34:29,040
Speaker 1: a social club that included millions of Americans. At its height,

644
00:34:29,120 --> 00:34:31,640
Speaker 1: they had a summer camp like. It was not quite

645
00:34:31,680 --> 00:34:36,759
Speaker 1: the same thing. Yeah, they so branded equipment and stuff like,

646
00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:38,800
Speaker 1: and in a lot of ways they were basically a

647
00:34:38,840 --> 00:34:41,680
Speaker 1: pyramid scheme. Simmons engaged a pr firm to help him

648
00:34:41,760 --> 00:34:44,640
Speaker 1: repackage this old terrorist group as a cool club for families.

649
00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:47,600
Speaker 1: By nineteen twenty, the whole thing had gone viral nationwide,

650
00:34:47,600 --> 00:34:50,440
Speaker 1: and the clan did engage in pushing racist laws. But

651
00:34:50,680 --> 00:34:52,359
Speaker 1: for the folks at the top. I think more than

652
00:34:52,480 --> 00:34:55,600
Speaker 1: even a force for racism. The clan was a grift

653
00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:58,520
Speaker 1: right now. There were a lot of racists in like

654
00:34:58,960 --> 00:35:00,719
Speaker 1: everyone in the clan was a racist still, and there

655
00:35:00,760 --> 00:35:02,960
Speaker 1: were a lot of racists who were like the old

656
00:35:03,080 --> 00:35:06,080
Speaker 1: clansmen kind of at the top. Making money was more

657
00:35:06,200 --> 00:35:11,239
Speaker 1: the goal than anything else. Um yeah, uh so uh.

658
00:35:11,320 --> 00:35:14,000
Speaker 1: In nineteen one, Simmons gave an interview to the Atlanta

659
00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:16,359
Speaker 1: Journal that was basically his sales pitch to the nation

660
00:35:16,440 --> 00:35:18,239
Speaker 1: for the Ku Klux Klan from a right up in

661
00:35:18,239 --> 00:35:21,920
Speaker 1: the National Museum of American History website quote. While explicitly

662
00:35:21,960 --> 00:35:24,880
Speaker 1: advocating white supremacy, Simmons played up his group's commitment to

663
00:35:24,960 --> 00:35:28,040
Speaker 1: law and order, promoted their enforcement of prohibition, and even

664
00:35:28,120 --> 00:35:31,239
Speaker 1: boasted of his own police credentials. He claimed members at

665
00:35:31,320 --> 00:35:34,080
Speaker 1: every level of law enforcement belonged to his organization and

666
00:35:34,120 --> 00:35:36,040
Speaker 1: that the local sheriff was often one of the first

667
00:35:36,120 --> 00:35:38,799
Speaker 1: to join when the clan came to a town. Ominously,

668
00:35:38,920 --> 00:35:41,839
Speaker 1: Simmons declared that the sheriff of Fulton County knows where

669
00:35:41,840 --> 00:35:43,560
Speaker 1: he can get two members of the clan in a

670
00:35:43,640 --> 00:35:46,640
Speaker 1: moment's called to suppress anything in the way of lawlessness.

671
00:35:47,400 --> 00:35:50,520
Speaker 1: There is yeah, and he wasn't blowing hot air when

672
00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:53,799
Speaker 1: he said this. In Anaheim, California, Klansman won four out

673
00:35:53,840 --> 00:35:56,920
Speaker 1: of five seats on the city council, dominating local politics

674
00:35:57,040 --> 00:36:00,239
Speaker 1: until nineteen four. They voted to allow officers who are

675
00:36:00,280 --> 00:36:03,720
Speaker 1: clan members to patrol wearing their full KKK uniform instead

676
00:36:03,760 --> 00:36:07,000
Speaker 1: of their normal police uniform. Non police clansmen were also

677
00:36:07,040 --> 00:36:10,359
Speaker 1: allowed to patrol and interrogate citizens in the streets. Hey,

678
00:36:10,400 --> 00:36:12,319
Speaker 1: I guess want you guys to know that anaheims where

679
00:36:12,360 --> 00:36:16,120
Speaker 1: Disneyland is. So just just like let this let that

680
00:36:16,200 --> 00:36:21,440
Speaker 1: sink in Anaheim, and in Anaheim and Disneyland is you

681
00:36:21,480 --> 00:36:24,800
Speaker 1: want to go to downtown Disney it's Anaheim. Yeah. The

682
00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:29,080
Speaker 1: City council of Anaheim, who are clansmen are like, yeah,

683
00:36:29,120 --> 00:36:31,719
Speaker 1: cops can just wear their clan uniforms to do their job.

684
00:36:32,880 --> 00:36:36,240
Speaker 1: It's just a club. Yeah yeah, And the clan uniform

685
00:36:36,320 --> 00:36:38,840
Speaker 1: basically is the same as the police uniform. So like

686
00:36:38,960 --> 00:36:43,239
Speaker 1: we're good. So I don't understand the problem. You know

687
00:36:43,920 --> 00:36:46,759
Speaker 1: this This is probably something for episode five, But just

688
00:36:46,920 --> 00:36:51,920
Speaker 1: like when I think to myself, like how anyone can

689
00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:56,480
Speaker 1: get their brain around even at that time, after the

690
00:36:56,560 --> 00:36:58,719
Speaker 1: law of change, after you fought the war. I just

691
00:36:58,800 --> 00:37:03,600
Speaker 1: think at the core it's because you, like black people

692
00:37:03,840 --> 00:37:08,360
Speaker 1: are just you're still just functional. You're still just a

693
00:37:09,120 --> 00:37:11,560
Speaker 1: in the brain of the white supremacist at the time.

694
00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:13,560
Speaker 1: And I think sometimes the stain of that's still here now,

695
00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:17,680
Speaker 1: where it's like you are you're an appliance. Black people

696
00:37:17,680 --> 00:37:20,680
Speaker 1: are an appliance, right, So when you can make an

697
00:37:20,680 --> 00:37:24,160
Speaker 1: appliance out of our entire bodies, that slavery, right. So,

698
00:37:24,640 --> 00:37:27,680
Speaker 1: and then you move that into mass incarceration to where

699
00:37:27,760 --> 00:37:31,239
Speaker 1: you like, okay and segregation and stuff like that, like

700
00:37:31,360 --> 00:37:34,440
Speaker 1: who wants to live in the house with their cows?

701
00:37:35,280 --> 00:37:39,280
Speaker 1: Right because you're just in your washing machine doesn't have rights.

702
00:37:39,640 --> 00:37:42,880
Speaker 1: It's just a washing machine, you know. So when you

703
00:37:43,080 --> 00:37:45,839
Speaker 1: if you think of an entire person because of their

704
00:37:45,920 --> 00:37:50,200
Speaker 1: color as just a function for yourself, and it's not

705
00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:52,520
Speaker 1: even just black people, it's like even people that like

706
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:58,800
Speaker 1: if your argument against uh, you know, supporting immigrant rights,

707
00:37:59,320 --> 00:38:02,879
Speaker 1: especially in the GRNTO Latin American, you know, people are like, well, well,

708
00:38:02,920 --> 00:38:06,440
Speaker 1: who's going to pick our cotton or pick our strawberries?

709
00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:10,720
Speaker 1: Who's gonna be you still see these people as an appliance,

710
00:38:11,160 --> 00:38:13,440
Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying, So when I got my

711
00:38:13,560 --> 00:38:17,160
Speaker 1: ten thousand new followers, that's saying support black voices. I

712
00:38:17,280 --> 00:38:19,880
Speaker 1: wanted to be like, Yo, thank you for coming. Here's

713
00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:24,800
Speaker 1: ten other things. I am dad. You know I got daughters.

714
00:38:25,040 --> 00:38:27,560
Speaker 1: I'm lactose in tolerant. You know what I'm saying. I

715
00:38:27,680 --> 00:38:32,239
Speaker 1: think butters disgusting. It's because you're still see me as

716
00:38:33,800 --> 00:38:37,480
Speaker 1: and appliance, you know what I'm saying. So if if

717
00:38:37,680 --> 00:38:42,040
Speaker 1: if I'm just the if I'm just the cow, if

718
00:38:42,080 --> 00:38:44,320
Speaker 1: I'm just the function, So even if it's a function

719
00:38:44,360 --> 00:38:46,719
Speaker 1: of you learning from me, I'm still just it's still

720
00:38:46,800 --> 00:38:50,120
Speaker 1: just utility. If it's a function of y're just supposed

721
00:38:50,160 --> 00:38:52,959
Speaker 1: to pick our fields. You don't get rights. Y'all live

722
00:38:53,080 --> 00:38:59,400
Speaker 1: over there. And I don't understand why the damn refrigerator

723
00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:02,360
Speaker 1: it to me to treat it like an equal. Do

724
00:39:02,400 --> 00:39:05,239
Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying, Like you're just the refrigeration,

725
00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:08,719
Speaker 1: Like shut up? You know what? Man? Here, we need

726
00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:12,239
Speaker 1: to figure out something to make the damn cows and

727
00:39:12,400 --> 00:39:16,640
Speaker 1: pigs understand that they just cows and pigs? Do you

728
00:39:16,680 --> 00:39:19,160
Speaker 1: know what I'm saying? So to me, it's like if

729
00:39:19,280 --> 00:39:22,200
Speaker 1: if that's where your brain goes Damn, I went on

730
00:39:22,239 --> 00:39:27,120
Speaker 1: a rant. But that's where your brain goes. That's why

731
00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:30,879
Speaker 1: it's so like mind boggling to this cityse Clans people.

732
00:39:31,080 --> 00:39:33,839
Speaker 1: Was just like, I don't understand why these black people

733
00:39:33,920 --> 00:39:38,439
Speaker 1: keep asking to sit at our tables. Yeah yeah, yeah, yeah,

734
00:39:38,640 --> 00:39:41,320
Speaker 1: and that's yeah. I mean like but like that that

735
00:39:41,640 --> 00:39:44,560
Speaker 1: is sort of that's this is a really important thing

736
00:39:44,560 --> 00:39:46,839
Speaker 1: to understand because Jim we usually talk about Jim Crow

737
00:39:47,440 --> 00:39:49,399
Speaker 1: like white people usually talk about Jim Crow. I'm thinking

738
00:39:49,400 --> 00:39:51,160
Speaker 1: back to like how it's talked about it like it

739
00:39:51,320 --> 00:39:53,480
Speaker 1: was this terrible thing that happened that was done to

740
00:39:53,560 --> 00:39:55,319
Speaker 1: black people, which it is was. It was a crime.

741
00:39:55,640 --> 00:39:58,600
Speaker 1: But also what Jim Crow was is the foundation of

742
00:39:58,719 --> 00:40:01,560
Speaker 1: law enforcement. Law enforcement in this country was still very

743
00:40:01,640 --> 00:40:04,520
Speaker 1: much in flux and being formalized when Jim Crow started.

744
00:40:04,600 --> 00:40:07,880
Speaker 1: It was really fucking new, Like the first police department

745
00:40:07,920 --> 00:40:10,280
Speaker 1: had only started in eighteen thirty eight. Jim Crow starts

746
00:40:10,280 --> 00:40:13,960
Speaker 1: in eighteen seventy seven. So US law enforcement and much,

747
00:40:14,080 --> 00:40:18,920
Speaker 1: if not most, of this country is founded um at

748
00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:20,840
Speaker 1: this like more or less at the same time as

749
00:40:20,920 --> 00:40:23,600
Speaker 1: Jim Crow, which means that US law enforcement is founded

750
00:40:23,960 --> 00:40:27,520
Speaker 1: in large part to keep the appliances in the eyes

751
00:40:27,600 --> 00:40:31,920
Speaker 1: of the white elite, separated from the white elite like

752
00:40:32,080 --> 00:40:37,600
Speaker 1: that that yeah, um so yes, important point. Um yes.

753
00:40:38,320 --> 00:40:41,360
Speaker 1: So the second clan was also real popular in Oregon,

754
00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:43,879
Speaker 1: maybe more popular in Oregon than it was anywhere else

755
00:40:43,920 --> 00:40:46,879
Speaker 1: in the country. And Patient zero for the Oregon Clan

756
00:40:47,120 --> 00:40:51,520
Speaker 1: was the southern town of Medford, which is not Bedford,

757
00:40:52,040 --> 00:40:55,640
Speaker 1: which is when you Shakespeare in the Park. Yeah, No,

758
00:40:55,800 --> 00:40:58,360
Speaker 1: that's Ashland, which is right next to right, and and

759
00:40:58,880 --> 00:41:04,759
Speaker 1: Ashland is a a very different city it is, but like, yeah,

760
00:41:04,800 --> 00:41:07,880
Speaker 1: there's great tea house. I love. I actually like like

761
00:41:08,520 --> 00:41:10,640
Speaker 1: Medford and Ashland are both like right next to each

762
00:41:10,640 --> 00:41:13,240
Speaker 1: other and both in one of the prettiest parts of Oregon,

763
00:41:13,280 --> 00:41:15,960
Speaker 1: and this one of the prettiest places in the entire planet.

764
00:41:16,080 --> 00:41:17,680
Speaker 1: Like I've been all over the damn world. I haven't

765
00:41:17,680 --> 00:41:19,960
Speaker 1: found anywhere. I found some places that are like up

766
00:41:20,040 --> 00:41:22,279
Speaker 1: there with with that part of Oregon, but I haven't

767
00:41:22,320 --> 00:41:24,759
Speaker 1: done anything that I find pretty like fucking gorgeous place.

768
00:41:25,040 --> 00:41:29,200
Speaker 1: But also Medford has a real long history of straight

769
00:41:29,280 --> 00:41:32,399
Speaker 1: up fascism right into the present day. Um, the mayor

770
00:41:32,480 --> 00:41:34,240
Speaker 1: of the town of Phoenix, I think it was Phoenix,

771
00:41:34,280 --> 00:41:36,920
Speaker 1: which is like right outside of Medford, basically a suburb

772
00:41:36,960 --> 00:41:40,239
Speaker 1: of Medford. The mayor two or three days ago drove

773
00:41:40,320 --> 00:41:42,719
Speaker 1: his car into a crowd of Black Lives Matter protesters.

774
00:41:43,760 --> 00:41:52,960
Speaker 1: The mayor, yeah, so the issues go continue. Yeah, I

775
00:41:53,280 --> 00:41:59,359
Speaker 1: could see my face right now. The mayor wow. So um.

776
00:42:00,040 --> 00:42:02,759
Speaker 1: Medford is where Luther Powell, the klegal sent by the

777
00:42:02,920 --> 00:42:06,480
Speaker 1: National Clan to establish the clan in Oregon, set up

778
00:42:06,520 --> 00:42:10,040
Speaker 1: the state's first KKK outpost. He gained initial recruits by

779
00:42:10,080 --> 00:42:13,240
Speaker 1: pointing to the massive bootlegging problem in nearby Jackson County

780
00:42:13,440 --> 00:42:15,320
Speaker 1: and making the case that the clan could help with

781
00:42:15,520 --> 00:42:17,520
Speaker 1: law and order. And I'm gonna quote now from a

782
00:42:17,560 --> 00:42:21,640
Speaker 1: paper by Ben Bruce of Chapman University. Powell sold the

783
00:42:21,640 --> 00:42:24,080
Speaker 1: Clan to potential followers not as a brotherhood of bigotry,

784
00:42:24,160 --> 00:42:28,279
Speaker 1: but as a beacon of patriotism, cultural conservatism, and social order.

785
00:42:28,600 --> 00:42:31,400
Speaker 1: According to Powell, the clan was there to uphold traditional

786
00:42:31,440 --> 00:42:34,920
Speaker 1: American society against the threat of the Roaring twenties. Specifically,

787
00:42:35,040 --> 00:42:38,080
Speaker 1: Pal emphasized the clan support for the enforcement of prohibition.

788
00:42:38,360 --> 00:42:40,320
Speaker 1: In a matter of weeks, Pal had sworn over a

789
00:42:40,400 --> 00:42:43,600
Speaker 1: hundred men into the Invisible Empire, most of who were

790
00:42:43,680 --> 00:42:47,120
Speaker 1: policemen Clan expert and author David Chalmers describes the clan

791
00:42:47,320 --> 00:42:50,200
Speaker 1: under Pal as being in the law and order business.

792
00:42:50,719 --> 00:42:53,680
Speaker 1: Luther Powell's recruiting success in Medford cannot be quantified by

793
00:42:53,719 --> 00:42:56,840
Speaker 1: lists of names on paper on membership dues alone. With

794
00:42:56,960 --> 00:43:00,160
Speaker 1: his newfound support from local police officers, Paal accused Medford

795
00:43:00,200 --> 00:43:03,880
Speaker 1: County of insufficient prohibition enforcement policies. He didn spearheaded the

796
00:43:03,880 --> 00:43:06,759
Speaker 1: successful recall of the county sheriff. Within a month. The

797
00:43:06,880 --> 00:43:09,440
Speaker 1: mayor of Medford was dressed in white robes as well.

798
00:43:10,320 --> 00:43:15,279
Speaker 1: So Medford again, this is and this happens. We're talking

799
00:43:15,280 --> 00:43:17,360
Speaker 1: about Anaheim and Medford, and like we'll talk about a

800
00:43:17,360 --> 00:43:19,080
Speaker 1: couple of other cities, but this is happening all over

801
00:43:19,080 --> 00:43:21,840
Speaker 1: the u S. We're like, whole city governments and the

802
00:43:21,880 --> 00:43:23,800
Speaker 1: whole police departments are like, yeah, what if we're just

803
00:43:23,880 --> 00:43:29,480
Speaker 1: klansmen too? This is fine, yea yeah. So pal success

804
00:43:29,560 --> 00:43:32,759
Speaker 1: perfectly embodies what made the second clan much more successful

805
00:43:32,800 --> 00:43:36,280
Speaker 1: than the first. The first KKK was literally an insurgent

806
00:43:36,480 --> 00:43:40,680
Speaker 1: terrorist army. The new KKK positioned itself as a force

807
00:43:40,760 --> 00:43:44,960
Speaker 1: for law and order, standing alongside the state in order

808
00:43:45,040 --> 00:43:49,120
Speaker 1: to help keep white people safe. Um it was a

809
00:43:49,800 --> 00:43:53,960
Speaker 1: It was again not a vigilante like terrorist organization, but

810
00:43:54,040 --> 00:43:56,960
Speaker 1: instead the same kind of designated vigilante force, if you

811
00:43:57,000 --> 00:44:00,360
Speaker 1: remember that from our first couple of episodes, designated plante

812
00:44:00,440 --> 00:44:03,840
Speaker 1: force like the police, and that's why it was often

813
00:44:03,960 --> 00:44:07,200
Speaker 1: like a lot of local clan cells were majority police officers.

814
00:44:07,760 --> 00:44:11,359
Speaker 1: So Powell moved on quickly from Medford to Portland, as

815
00:44:11,440 --> 00:44:14,200
Speaker 1: most people who visit Medford tend to do. Within months,

816
00:44:14,280 --> 00:44:16,440
Speaker 1: the city had thousands of clansmen and it may have

817
00:44:16,560 --> 00:44:22,280
Speaker 1: garnered more KKK members more quickly than any other city. Now, again,

818
00:44:22,480 --> 00:44:25,880
Speaker 1: this rapid success in Portland came in part from the

819
00:44:25,920 --> 00:44:29,120
Speaker 1: fact that the clan was seenis respectable. Shortly after opening,

820
00:44:29,360 --> 00:44:33,920
Speaker 1: the Portland Clan chapter partnered openly with the Portland Police Bureau.

821
00:44:34,400 --> 00:44:36,680
Speaker 1: Since the Portland Police Bureau only had a hundred and

822
00:44:36,760 --> 00:44:40,200
Speaker 1: fifty men at this point, it considered itself understaffed, and

823
00:44:40,280 --> 00:44:44,400
Speaker 1: the Mayor of Portland decided to appoint a vigilante police auxiliary,

824
00:44:44,640 --> 00:44:47,759
Speaker 1: and he allowed the KKK to pick the members. These

825
00:44:47,840 --> 00:44:51,359
Speaker 1: men received police powers and firearms, but their names were

826
00:44:51,440 --> 00:44:54,719
Speaker 1: kept hidden, effectively turning themselves into a secret police force.

827
00:44:55,000 --> 00:44:58,280
Speaker 1: I should note here that during the recent protests in Portland,

828
00:44:58,480 --> 00:45:01,200
Speaker 1: a commander of the Portland Police sport for sent out

829
00:45:01,239 --> 00:45:04,879
Speaker 1: a directive ordering police officers to cover up their names

830
00:45:04,960 --> 00:45:07,240
Speaker 1: and replace them with numbers that could only be traced

831
00:45:07,239 --> 00:45:10,480
Speaker 1: back to names internally. Um, just a fun little thing.

832
00:45:11,000 --> 00:45:14,560
Speaker 1: Portland Police Bureau, same force that partnered openly with the clan.

833
00:45:15,280 --> 00:45:23,400
Speaker 1: Cool stuff. Oh my god, Portland's where there's where on

834
00:45:24,960 --> 00:45:28,520
Speaker 1: We're on burn Side in m ok. You can go

835
00:45:28,760 --> 00:45:32,839
Speaker 1: to a park of just food trucks and you can

836
00:45:32,920 --> 00:45:41,560
Speaker 1: get craft like vegan waffles. That's in Portland. And the

837
00:45:41,640 --> 00:45:44,680
Speaker 1: cops are claim members and the yeah, yeah, yeah, exactly.

838
00:45:46,480 --> 00:45:49,560
Speaker 1: I've heard. I've heard a lot of cops and clan

839
00:45:49,680 --> 00:45:52,160
Speaker 1: go hand in hand chants in port in the Portland

840
00:45:52,200 --> 00:45:55,640
Speaker 1: streets recently. And I obviously a lot of people believe that,

841
00:45:55,719 --> 00:45:58,160
Speaker 1: But I don't know if those people know that. Literally,

842
00:45:58,320 --> 00:46:01,279
Speaker 1: the Portland Police Bureau had an official arrangement with the

843
00:46:01,360 --> 00:46:10,120
Speaker 1: KKK and serious, you know, yeah, no, you're literally correct

844
00:46:11,480 --> 00:46:14,520
Speaker 1: in a very direct way, not just in a these

845
00:46:14,560 --> 00:46:16,840
Speaker 1: guys are secretly clan members. But no, no, no, like

846
00:46:17,000 --> 00:46:22,240
Speaker 1: the PPB had an arrangement. Yeah, cool stuff. So a Storia,

847
00:46:22,280 --> 00:46:24,800
Speaker 1: Oregon also had a major clan problem. And this is

848
00:46:24,840 --> 00:46:26,839
Speaker 1: because it was the most diverse city in the state,

849
00:46:26,920 --> 00:46:28,600
Speaker 1: which meant at this point didn't mean that it was

850
00:46:28,640 --> 00:46:31,279
Speaker 1: the most the least lowest number of white people, and

851
00:46:31,360 --> 00:46:33,479
Speaker 1: meant that it had like basically it had the most

852
00:46:33,800 --> 00:46:35,919
Speaker 1: the highest number of Catholic people who came from weird

853
00:46:36,000 --> 00:46:39,439
Speaker 1: parts of Europe like right and again, the second clan

854
00:46:39,520 --> 00:46:42,919
Speaker 1: in this period, some historians will argue, was actually more

855
00:46:43,440 --> 00:46:46,560
Speaker 1: racist and violent against Catholics and Jewish people, or at

856
00:46:46,640 --> 00:46:49,839
Speaker 1: least as racist and violent as it was to black people.

857
00:46:49,920 --> 00:46:52,799
Speaker 1: Like this is it is like they've broadened their their

858
00:46:52,880 --> 00:46:56,920
Speaker 1: spate of hatred um and obviously it found a healthy

859
00:46:57,000 --> 00:46:59,840
Speaker 1: base of resentful Protestant white people. In a story, a

860
00:47:00,320 --> 00:47:02,960
Speaker 1: clan leaders brought in anti Catholic speakers to rile up

861
00:47:03,000 --> 00:47:05,759
Speaker 1: the public, and they rallied themselves around enforcing vice laws

862
00:47:05,800 --> 00:47:08,840
Speaker 1: that the police had not handled to their satisfaction. Primarily,

863
00:47:08,920 --> 00:47:12,520
Speaker 1: they went after prohibition violators and prostitutes. On June seventeenth,

864
00:47:12,640 --> 00:47:15,360
Speaker 1: nineteen twenty two, the clan sent both local newspapers and

865
00:47:15,520 --> 00:47:18,040
Speaker 1: the sheriff a letter demanding that he take action against

866
00:47:18,080 --> 00:47:21,240
Speaker 1: the whistle in the heart of a local bootlegging operation.

867
00:47:21,719 --> 00:47:23,880
Speaker 1: Two weeks before the letter, two people had died in

868
00:47:23,920 --> 00:47:26,439
Speaker 1: a drunken accident after leaving the whistle in. The clan

869
00:47:26,600 --> 00:47:28,160
Speaker 1: led her to the sheriff threatened to take care of

870
00:47:28,200 --> 00:47:30,920
Speaker 1: the problem if he failed to do so. On June nineteenth,

871
00:47:31,040 --> 00:47:33,920
Speaker 1: the KKK sent fifty men into the whistle In. They

872
00:47:33,960 --> 00:47:36,480
Speaker 1: were met by Sheriff's deputies, who had been called ironically

873
00:47:36,560 --> 00:47:39,480
Speaker 1: by the bootleggers inside. The sheriff arrested both men, and

874
00:47:39,520 --> 00:47:41,960
Speaker 1: the whole incident became something of a local scandal. The

875
00:47:42,040 --> 00:47:44,520
Speaker 1: clan used it to petition for a recall election, which

876
00:47:44,560 --> 00:47:47,880
Speaker 1: they again succeeded in getting. Their candidate won the recall election,

877
00:47:47,960 --> 00:47:50,200
Speaker 1: giving them control of a story a sheriff's department, and

878
00:47:50,280 --> 00:47:53,920
Speaker 1: soon after they swept local government elections too. Variations of

879
00:47:53,960 --> 00:47:56,279
Speaker 1: the story repeated themselves all over Oregon, and the clan

880
00:47:56,400 --> 00:47:59,480
Speaker 1: was eventually successful in electing their own candidate for Governor.

881
00:47:59,640 --> 00:48:03,840
Speaker 1: Walt or In Pierce his regime passed the Oregon Compulsory

882
00:48:03,880 --> 00:48:06,520
Speaker 1: School Bill, which required all children from eight to fifteen

883
00:48:06,560 --> 00:48:09,760
Speaker 1: to attend public school. That sounds innocuous enough on the surface,

884
00:48:09,800 --> 00:48:11,440
Speaker 1: but the purpose of the bill was to destroy all

885
00:48:11,520 --> 00:48:14,040
Speaker 1: Catholic schools because those were not public. And again, the

886
00:48:14,120 --> 00:48:17,800
Speaker 1: KKK really hates Catholics, and definitely the Oregon Clan is

887
00:48:17,840 --> 00:48:20,080
Speaker 1: more anti Catholic than it is anti Black, but only

888
00:48:20,160 --> 00:48:22,200
Speaker 1: because there's not a whole lot of black people in Oregon,

889
00:48:22,320 --> 00:48:24,680
Speaker 1: right yeah, yeah, yeah, it was like it's like ninety

890
00:48:24,719 --> 00:48:26,960
Speaker 1: five percent white people at this point. So that's why

891
00:48:27,040 --> 00:48:30,800
Speaker 1: the KKK is so focused on although they also focus

892
00:48:30,880 --> 00:48:34,360
Speaker 1: a lot on Japanese and Chinese immigrants. And like this

893
00:48:34,480 --> 00:48:36,920
Speaker 1: governor that they elect pushes a bill to basically make

894
00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:39,880
Speaker 1: it impossible to move to Oregon or work in Oregon

895
00:48:39,960 --> 00:48:42,520
Speaker 1: as an Asian person, and you know, the both the

896
00:48:42,560 --> 00:48:46,040
Speaker 1: anti compulsory bill and the anti Asians bills like those

897
00:48:46,080 --> 00:48:49,880
Speaker 1: get struck down. Um, and this governor, who is backed

898
00:48:49,920 --> 00:48:52,319
Speaker 1: by the clan winds up kind of turning on the clan,

899
00:48:52,440 --> 00:48:55,840
Speaker 1: not because he's a good guy, but because, um, he

900
00:48:56,120 --> 00:48:58,279
Speaker 1: doesn't he thinks that after he gets elected, he doesn't

901
00:48:58,320 --> 00:49:01,240
Speaker 1: really feel loyal to the clan anymore. Like so anyway,

902
00:49:01,280 --> 00:49:04,560
Speaker 1: it's a complicated story, but the clan, I'm just like

903
00:49:04,719 --> 00:49:07,840
Speaker 1: man like y'all sin as I feel like when I

904
00:49:08,239 --> 00:49:11,040
Speaker 1: the more I learned about them, I'm just like man,

905
00:49:11,160 --> 00:49:14,400
Speaker 1: y'all are all over the place like where I just

906
00:49:14,840 --> 00:49:17,160
Speaker 1: sometimes I can't even draw the I can't even connect

907
00:49:17,239 --> 00:49:20,880
Speaker 1: the dots of their hatred, like how like how are

908
00:49:21,360 --> 00:49:23,600
Speaker 1: how are we talking about Jews right now? Like where

909
00:49:23,640 --> 00:49:25,680
Speaker 1: it's like when did we get to that? You know?

910
00:49:26,120 --> 00:49:28,560
Speaker 1: Or I just I can imagine I would love to

911
00:49:28,560 --> 00:49:31,320
Speaker 1: see a skit where somebody's trying to complain where where

912
00:49:31,600 --> 00:49:33,960
Speaker 1: uh some new kids in the back of the room

913
00:49:34,000 --> 00:49:37,319
Speaker 1: at the clan meeting and can't keep up with like wait,

914
00:49:37,360 --> 00:49:42,200
Speaker 1: we're talking about Catholics? Now what what what they do? Wait?

915
00:49:42,640 --> 00:49:44,520
Speaker 1: What what's the problem with you know what I'm saying?

916
00:49:44,560 --> 00:49:47,760
Speaker 1: Like just like I can't even this is a complete tangent,

917
00:49:47,840 --> 00:49:49,640
Speaker 1: but I'm just like, yeah, I just I can't keep up. Man,

918
00:49:49,680 --> 00:49:53,160
Speaker 1: I'm like yeah, oh, just hey, man, at least be consistent.

919
00:49:53,920 --> 00:50:00,160
Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, yeah, um break oh yeah we should That

920
00:50:00,280 --> 00:50:04,680
Speaker 1: was smooth. Thank Yeah. Here's have a have a handful

921
00:50:04,680 --> 00:50:16,000
Speaker 1: of products Buckaroo's. We're back. We have returned, and we're

922
00:50:16,040 --> 00:50:18,680
Speaker 1: talking still about the Oregon Clan. So the Oregon kk

923
00:50:18,880 --> 00:50:21,799
Speaker 1: hit K success in local and state politics gave them

924
00:50:21,800 --> 00:50:24,440
Speaker 1: the legitimacy they needed to feel comfortable carrying out acts

925
00:50:24,480 --> 00:50:27,960
Speaker 1: of violence. On April eleventh, nineteen, a twenty two year

926
00:50:27,960 --> 00:50:30,480
Speaker 1: old Latino man named Sam Johnson was grabbed in the

927
00:50:30,520 --> 00:50:32,440
Speaker 1: middle of the night by a group of robed klansmen.

928
00:50:32,719 --> 00:50:34,600
Speaker 1: They dragged him into the forest and they hung him

929
00:50:34,640 --> 00:50:37,080
Speaker 1: from a tree quote not long enough to kill him,

930
00:50:37,120 --> 00:50:39,840
Speaker 1: but sufficiently long to give him a glance into eternity,

931
00:50:40,040 --> 00:50:42,759
Speaker 1: according to a local paper. While he lay on the

932
00:50:42,840 --> 00:50:44,880
Speaker 1: ground recovering, the mob told him that he had to

933
00:50:45,000 --> 00:50:47,040
Speaker 1: leave town or they would come back and kill him.

934
00:50:47,320 --> 00:50:50,120
Speaker 1: This semi lynching was again reported on in the local paper,

935
00:50:50,200 --> 00:50:52,880
Speaker 1: but no arrests were made. The county sheriff, or was

936
00:50:52,960 --> 00:50:55,799
Speaker 1: almost certainly one of the men who abducted Sam, called

937
00:50:55,880 --> 00:50:58,480
Speaker 1: him a bad actor who just hadn't done anything serious

938
00:50:58,640 --> 00:51:02,880
Speaker 1: enough to get arrested. He doesn't have a criminal record,

939
00:51:03,080 --> 00:51:05,239
Speaker 1: but he was. We decided he was a criminal, so

940
00:51:05,320 --> 00:51:11,399
Speaker 1: it's fine. Yeah. The sheriff accused him of bootlegging without

941
00:51:11,400 --> 00:51:13,719
Speaker 1: any evidence and washed his hands of the case. On

942
00:51:13,840 --> 00:51:16,880
Speaker 1: March eighteenth, a Catholic piano salesman named JF. Hale was

943
00:51:16,880 --> 00:51:19,279
Speaker 1: assaulted in the same way, taking a gunpoint into the

944
00:51:19,280 --> 00:51:21,840
Speaker 1: woods and then hung almost to death. This time, the

945
00:51:21,880 --> 00:51:24,359
Speaker 1: demand was made that Hale drop a lawsuit against another

946
00:51:24,480 --> 00:51:26,640
Speaker 1: Medford man for an unpaid debt, and that he also

947
00:51:26,760 --> 00:51:29,520
Speaker 1: leave town. The sheriff said the kidnapping two was of

948
00:51:29,640 --> 00:51:35,759
Speaker 1: no local interest, which it's also worth noting that there

949
00:51:35,840 --> 00:51:39,359
Speaker 1: was a recent well last year a trans black woman

950
00:51:39,400 --> 00:51:41,600
Speaker 1: who was murdered in the city of Portland's um and

951
00:51:42,040 --> 00:51:44,200
Speaker 1: the death was written a well who died in the

952
00:51:44,239 --> 00:51:46,839
Speaker 1: City of Portland. The police ruled it a suicide. There's

953
00:51:46,840 --> 00:51:48,799
Speaker 1: a lot that shady about it. The family has asked

954
00:51:48,800 --> 00:51:50,520
Speaker 1: for it to be investigated, and the police said that

955
00:51:50,600 --> 00:51:54,080
Speaker 1: investigating it, uh further was not of local interest. Um,

956
00:51:54,200 --> 00:51:56,920
Speaker 1: so that's cool, that's a cool thing. That Again, I

957
00:51:57,080 --> 00:51:59,839
Speaker 1: got to point out how this never stopped and has

958
00:52:00,040 --> 00:52:01,960
Speaker 1: never really even slowed down in a lot of ways.

959
00:52:03,239 --> 00:52:12,040
Speaker 1: This this is this playbook has ever failed these fools? Yes, yeah, uh.

960
00:52:13,040 --> 00:52:15,440
Speaker 1: On April two, a black railroad worker who had just

961
00:52:15,560 --> 00:52:18,759
Speaker 1: been released from jail over prohibition violation was kidnapped hung

962
00:52:18,800 --> 00:52:21,239
Speaker 1: again in order to flee the town. As he ran away,

963
00:52:21,320 --> 00:52:24,520
Speaker 1: he heard men shouting back at him can you run inward,

964
00:52:24,760 --> 00:52:26,759
Speaker 1: while some in the crowd fired at his feet with

965
00:52:26,840 --> 00:52:30,400
Speaker 1: their revolvers. By this point, local media had begun covering

966
00:52:30,440 --> 00:52:33,160
Speaker 1: the clan subductions and outraged articles. One in the Medford

967
00:52:33,200 --> 00:52:35,840
Speaker 1: Mail Tribune revealed that the state clan leadership had actually

968
00:52:35,880 --> 00:52:38,880
Speaker 1: sent notes to individual members within the county with instructions

969
00:52:38,920 --> 00:52:42,279
Speaker 1: on how to carry out these necktie attacks. The clan

970
00:52:42,400 --> 00:52:44,520
Speaker 1: denied these letters since they had not been sent on

971
00:52:44,600 --> 00:52:50,880
Speaker 1: official clan letterhead. Again, they had a lot of products,

972
00:52:51,480 --> 00:52:53,560
Speaker 1: plan had a lot of products and services actually in

973
00:52:53,640 --> 00:52:58,640
Speaker 1: this period, because it wasn't all letter hit. They sold insurance. Yeah,

974
00:52:59,320 --> 00:53:03,640
Speaker 1: this is incredible. So klegal? H. E. Griffith, who was

975
00:53:03,680 --> 00:53:06,360
Speaker 1: the guy who had taken over the Medford Clan, demanded,

976
00:53:06,840 --> 00:53:09,359
Speaker 1: then your name is can you say his his title again?

977
00:53:09,480 --> 00:53:18,239
Speaker 1: Just legal? Just klegal? I know, yeah, I'm just yeah,

978
00:53:18,600 --> 00:53:21,239
Speaker 1: exercises that women do to keep Oh yes, yes it

979
00:53:21,320 --> 00:53:27,040
Speaker 1: does sound like that. Yeah now, so h Griffith prop

980
00:53:27,200 --> 00:53:30,279
Speaker 1: thank you? Hey girl, dad? You know yeah, you know

981
00:53:30,280 --> 00:53:34,000
Speaker 1: what I'm saying. Yeah. So, um, The Medford Mail Tribune

982
00:53:34,080 --> 00:53:36,160
Speaker 1: like writes a letter about how the clan is very

983
00:53:36,239 --> 00:53:38,560
Speaker 1: obviously behind all this, and the guy in charge of

984
00:53:38,640 --> 00:53:41,319
Speaker 1: the Medford Clan demands to that the newspaper give him

985
00:53:41,360 --> 00:53:43,600
Speaker 1: a chance to respond, and the Medford Mail Tribune lets

986
00:53:43,680 --> 00:53:46,279
Speaker 1: him release his statement through the paper denying any role

987
00:53:46,360 --> 00:53:49,120
Speaker 1: in the semi lynchings. Gotta gotta tell both sides of

988
00:53:49,160 --> 00:53:54,400
Speaker 1: the story, um Ben Bruce writes, quote Klegal h. Griffith

989
00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:57,080
Speaker 1: gave an official statement denying any prior knowledge of the

990
00:53:57,120 --> 00:54:00,000
Speaker 1: aforementioned eventual events as well as the clan's alleged involvement.

991
00:54:00,280 --> 00:54:03,480
Speaker 1: Griffith accused the local papers of severely misrepresenting the facts.

992
00:54:03,719 --> 00:54:07,480
Speaker 1: In the same article, Griffith endorsed the clan as a regular, fraternal, patriotic,

993
00:54:07,560 --> 00:54:10,800
Speaker 1: and benevolent order that stands for pure Americanism, protection of

994
00:54:10,880 --> 00:54:14,840
Speaker 1: pure womanhood, free speech and press, free public schools, restricted immigration,

995
00:54:15,120 --> 00:54:18,520
Speaker 1: white supremacy, and law and order, and consistently assists all

996
00:54:18,600 --> 00:54:24,760
Speaker 1: law officers in the performance of their duties. Um that's cool. Surprisingly,

997
00:54:25,040 --> 00:54:27,600
Speaker 1: the people of Medford did not believe these denials, or

998
00:54:27,600 --> 00:54:30,200
Speaker 1: at least enough of them didn't. That public outrage did

999
00:54:30,360 --> 00:54:33,320
Speaker 1: force a trial, which occurred nearly a year later. Nineteen

1000
00:54:33,360 --> 00:54:36,480
Speaker 1: clansmen were charged with participating in the necktie parties, as

1001
00:54:36,520 --> 00:54:38,279
Speaker 1: they came to be known. One of the men was

1002
00:54:38,360 --> 00:54:43,319
Speaker 1: the former police chief of Medford, Good Lord. The main

1003
00:54:43,400 --> 00:54:46,120
Speaker 1: witness was JF. Hale, the piano salesman, but the state

1004
00:54:46,200 --> 00:54:49,200
Speaker 1: decided he was not a reputable citizen, largely because his

1005
00:54:49,320 --> 00:54:58,960
Speaker 1: son had been born out of wedlock. It is the twenties. Uh,

1006
00:55:00,080 --> 00:55:05,240
Speaker 1: It's it's cool. All charges against the klansmen were dropped.

1007
00:55:05,520 --> 00:55:08,680
Speaker 1: Ye oh yeah, so you remember that. You remember last

1008
00:55:08,760 --> 00:55:14,240
Speaker 1: year that at that um that uh anti abortion protests,

1009
00:55:14,360 --> 00:55:16,960
Speaker 1: where that little boy was like eye to eye with

1010
00:55:17,040 --> 00:55:20,080
Speaker 1: that Native American man and like the the whole picture went.

1011
00:55:21,760 --> 00:55:27,320
Speaker 1: Remember that. Yeah, So this that what you're just explaining

1012
00:55:28,160 --> 00:55:33,600
Speaker 1: explains in a lot of ways why everybody looked at

1013
00:55:33,640 --> 00:55:39,000
Speaker 1: that moment and saw two different things. Because the what

1014
00:55:39,239 --> 00:55:41,680
Speaker 1: what the terror that a lot of us are talking about,

1015
00:55:41,719 --> 00:55:46,120
Speaker 1: Like why this was so frustrating was because the the

1016
00:55:46,360 --> 00:55:50,279
Speaker 1: ambiguity of this kid's face of just being like he

1017
00:55:50,480 --> 00:55:53,400
Speaker 1: is just a kid. He is kind of smirking, right,

1018
00:55:53,800 --> 00:55:55,239
Speaker 1: And you could say, well, we didn't do anything, he

1019
00:55:55,280 --> 00:55:57,360
Speaker 1: didn't erupt the guy. He's just standing there looking at me.

1020
00:55:57,400 --> 00:56:00,480
Speaker 1: If they're at his own protests, it's fine. But when

1021
00:56:00,520 --> 00:56:03,480
Speaker 1: you hear stories like this, what and I can't say

1022
00:56:03,520 --> 00:56:05,680
Speaker 1: because I'm not in that kid's head and I wasn't there.

1023
00:56:06,080 --> 00:56:09,640
Speaker 1: I'm just saying when I look at it, I see

1024
00:56:09,760 --> 00:56:14,360
Speaker 1: the history. You're explaining the idea that you that these

1025
00:56:14,480 --> 00:56:18,719
Speaker 1: boys can function without any imputant what's the word I'm

1026
00:56:18,760 --> 00:56:24,719
Speaker 1: looking for, imputant punitive, their impunity. What's the word I'm

1027
00:56:24,719 --> 00:56:27,560
Speaker 1: looking for. I don't know. But the point is they're

1028
00:56:27,560 --> 00:56:29,880
Speaker 1: not gonna get in trouble. That's what I'm trying to say. Right,

1029
00:56:30,200 --> 00:56:33,440
Speaker 1: So you can always lean back and be like, what,

1030
00:56:33,680 --> 00:56:36,640
Speaker 1: I didn't do anything. So and I just remembered how

1031
00:56:36,800 --> 00:56:42,160
Speaker 1: many times in my own life recognizing that smirk, knowing

1032
00:56:42,280 --> 00:56:45,839
Speaker 1: that no matter what this kid did did, no matter

1033
00:56:45,920 --> 00:56:47,880
Speaker 1: how terrible it is, no matter how much evidence I have,

1034
00:56:49,000 --> 00:56:51,600
Speaker 1: he will not be punished, you know what I'm saying.

1035
00:56:51,920 --> 00:56:55,520
Speaker 1: So that's the like. So, whether I know what this

1036
00:56:55,640 --> 00:56:57,920
Speaker 1: kid was thinking or not, it's like, this is what

1037
00:56:58,040 --> 00:57:00,920
Speaker 1: America saw. There was two America's one of the one

1038
00:57:00,960 --> 00:57:04,239
Speaker 1: side of America saw this kid has. This kid's gonna

1039
00:57:04,680 --> 00:57:07,760
Speaker 1: there's no matter what, he's not gonna get in trouble. Nope.

1040
00:57:08,440 --> 00:57:11,160
Speaker 1: And this is this is why when we finally do

1041
00:57:11,320 --> 00:57:14,920
Speaker 1: reform law enforcement, you know, uh, disband the police and

1042
00:57:14,960 --> 00:57:17,720
Speaker 1: replace it with something better. One of the federal agencies

1043
00:57:17,840 --> 00:57:21,040
Speaker 1: we need is a is a federal branch. That is

1044
00:57:21,160 --> 00:57:23,480
Speaker 1: just a groups of people who go door to door

1045
00:57:24,200 --> 00:57:26,919
Speaker 1: and just give people one solid punch in the face

1046
00:57:27,000 --> 00:57:29,000
Speaker 1: when they really deserve it, when they like they don't.

1047
00:57:29,000 --> 00:57:30,560
Speaker 1: We shouldn't be sending them to prison. They didn't do

1048
00:57:30,560 --> 00:57:32,440
Speaker 1: a prison thing. Like you were a dick and now

1049
00:57:32,480 --> 00:57:35,600
Speaker 1: you're gonna get hit in the face. Yeah yeah, a

1050
00:57:35,720 --> 00:57:40,600
Speaker 1: good slapping. Yeah yeah, somebody in the damn face. Yeah yeah. Uh.

1051
00:57:41,840 --> 00:57:43,880
Speaker 1: I think it's back from get shipped, which is like

1052
00:57:43,960 --> 00:57:46,280
Speaker 1: a face in need of a fist? Is the is

1053
00:57:46,320 --> 00:57:49,760
Speaker 1: the direct translation? Yeah, Yeah, Sometimes people just need to

1054
00:57:49,800 --> 00:57:51,600
Speaker 1: get like not hard, not enough to do damage. Like

1055
00:57:51,640 --> 00:57:55,240
Speaker 1: we'll train these people to deliver like legally appropriate slaps

1056
00:57:55,280 --> 00:57:58,040
Speaker 1: and punches, but like you were a dick and somebody

1057
00:57:58,080 --> 00:58:00,320
Speaker 1: needs to fucking smack you, and like it should be

1058
00:58:00,600 --> 00:58:02,640
Speaker 1: a group of of of men and women in suits

1059
00:58:02,680 --> 00:58:05,160
Speaker 1: who come to your door and say, like you have

1060
00:58:05,280 --> 00:58:07,760
Speaker 1: been selected to get smacked in the face because you

1061
00:58:07,840 --> 00:58:10,520
Speaker 1: were a dick and you need to know it. That's

1062
00:58:10,680 --> 00:58:15,600
Speaker 1: my suggestion, um, not a bad one. Yeah. So Oregon's

1063
00:58:15,680 --> 00:58:19,680
Speaker 1: clan was relatively non violent, and again this totally tells

1064
00:58:19,720 --> 00:58:22,000
Speaker 1: you how bad the second clan was. We're calling like

1065
00:58:22,200 --> 00:58:26,760
Speaker 1: lynch ng's that don't kill anybody, relatively non violent compared

1066
00:58:26,800 --> 00:58:30,240
Speaker 1: to the clan in Oklahoma, for example, had a horrifically

1067
00:58:30,360 --> 00:58:32,880
Speaker 1: violent clan that also eventually wound up in charge of

1068
00:58:33,200 --> 00:58:35,920
Speaker 1: most a lot of the the different state or or

1069
00:58:36,080 --> 00:58:39,120
Speaker 1: like local cities and departments, police departments and stuff. Um.

1070
00:58:39,360 --> 00:58:42,400
Speaker 1: And it was also comparatively non violent when you sort

1071
00:58:42,440 --> 00:58:45,280
Speaker 1: of put it against the clan in Indiana for example.

1072
00:58:46,040 --> 00:58:49,280
Speaker 1: There in Indiana, the KKK was successful in infiltrating a

1073
00:58:49,400 --> 00:58:54,840
Speaker 1: local civilian law enforcement agency, the Horse Thief Detective Association. Now,

1074
00:58:54,920 --> 00:58:57,440
Speaker 1: this odd group got its start in the eighteen forties

1075
00:58:57,640 --> 00:59:00,560
Speaker 1: and it's members were basically licensed vigil aunties with the

1076
00:59:00,680 --> 00:59:03,160
Speaker 1: right to protect property via violence. And as you can

1077
00:59:03,200 --> 00:59:05,920
Speaker 1: guess by the name, they started to prosecute horse thieves. Right,

1078
00:59:06,200 --> 00:59:09,240
Speaker 1: law enforcement can't catch all these horse thieves. Will deputize civilians,

1079
00:59:09,400 --> 00:59:11,240
Speaker 1: will give them the right to like arrest and funk

1080
00:59:11,280 --> 00:59:13,520
Speaker 1: up people to stop horse thievery. But they also had

1081
00:59:13,600 --> 00:59:17,440
Speaker 1: kind of broader rights to enforce laws. Um. Now, the

1082
00:59:17,520 --> 00:59:20,400
Speaker 1: birth of the automobile reduced the Horse Thief Detective Association

1083
00:59:20,440 --> 00:59:23,320
Speaker 1: to a somewhat a relevant group. But when the KKK

1084
00:59:23,520 --> 00:59:26,160
Speaker 1: came to Indiana in the early nineteen twenties. They saw that, like,

1085
00:59:26,760 --> 00:59:30,680
Speaker 1: there was this organization that civilians who are klansmen could join,

1086
00:59:30,840 --> 00:59:32,960
Speaker 1: and it would give them the right to carry out

1087
00:59:33,160 --> 00:59:36,640
Speaker 1: violence with state backing. So they start flooding the h

1088
00:59:36,760 --> 00:59:39,040
Speaker 1: d t A with membership, and they also start giving

1089
00:59:39,120 --> 00:59:41,600
Speaker 1: existing members in the h d t A free and

1090
00:59:41,720 --> 00:59:45,280
Speaker 1: subsidized membership in the KKK because they see that like,

1091
00:59:45,400 --> 00:59:47,520
Speaker 1: this weird little organization gives them the right to enforce

1092
00:59:47,560 --> 00:59:50,160
Speaker 1: the law in Indiana without like having to get elected

1093
00:59:50,240 --> 00:59:53,960
Speaker 1: sheriff or anything or put you know, even recruit police officers.

1094
00:59:54,320 --> 00:59:56,920
Speaker 1: So the Indiana Clan starts pouring money into the h

1095
00:59:57,040 --> 00:59:59,760
Speaker 1: d t A and offering their existing members low priced

1096
00:59:59,840 --> 01:00:02,240
Speaker 1: in tree into the clan quote as sworn members of

1097
01:00:02,360 --> 01:00:04,560
Speaker 1: h d t A chapters, Clansmen in the state essentially

1098
01:00:04,640 --> 01:00:07,400
Speaker 1: formed an armed, officially sanctioned force that would allow them

1099
01:00:07,440 --> 01:00:11,320
Speaker 1: to enact their agenda under the guise of legitimate law enforcement. Now.

1100
01:00:11,520 --> 01:00:14,560
Speaker 1: In his work on the Clan in Indiana, historian Leonard J.

1101
01:00:14,680 --> 01:00:17,479
Speaker 1: Moore details membership records from nineteen twenty five that showed

1102
01:00:17,520 --> 01:00:21,360
Speaker 1: that over twenty of the state's eligible population white Protestant

1103
01:00:21,440 --> 01:00:25,400
Speaker 1: native born males belonged to the KKK, and some counties

1104
01:00:25,440 --> 01:00:28,840
Speaker 1: that number exceeded thirty three. In Marion County, which included

1105
01:00:28,840 --> 01:00:31,600
Speaker 1: the city of Indianapolis, over a quarter of eligible men

1106
01:00:31,680 --> 01:00:34,000
Speaker 1: belonged to the Ku Klux Klan, some twenty five thousand

1107
01:00:34,040 --> 01:00:36,560
Speaker 1: members in total, many of whom held dual membership in

1108
01:00:36,600 --> 01:00:39,600
Speaker 1: the h d T A chapter. Okay, wait, m hm

1109
01:00:40,280 --> 01:00:43,800
Speaker 1: uh they paid dues? Yeah, yeah, no, it was a

1110
01:00:43,880 --> 01:00:46,919
Speaker 1: for profit in debt. Oh yeah, I remember that, which

1111
01:00:47,360 --> 01:00:51,480
Speaker 1: I forgot. How lame that even makes it even more lame. Yeah,

1112
01:00:51,560 --> 01:00:58,439
Speaker 1: they're they're paid paid to be in here, mom, so lame.

1113
01:00:58,800 --> 01:01:03,120
Speaker 1: It's pretty cool. So I'm gonna quote again from a historian,

1114
01:01:03,200 --> 01:01:07,840
Speaker 1: Leonard J. Moore quote, uh as horse thief detectives, the

1115
01:01:07,880 --> 01:01:11,280
Speaker 1: Indiana Clan came down on bootleggers, organized labor, immigrants, and

1116
01:01:11,400 --> 01:01:15,240
Speaker 1: African American populations, and one incident related in Elliott Jaspin's

1117
01:01:15,280 --> 01:01:17,760
Speaker 1: book Buried in the Bitter Waters, they helped expel black

1118
01:01:17,840 --> 01:01:20,640
Speaker 1: citizens from the mining town of Blandford in western Indiana.

1119
01:01:20,920 --> 01:01:23,760
Speaker 1: On January eighteenth, nineteen twenty three, a young girl from

1120
01:01:23,800 --> 01:01:26,240
Speaker 1: Blandford reported that she had been abducted and assaulted by

1121
01:01:26,280 --> 01:01:29,400
Speaker 1: an African American man. Within forty eight hours, several hundred

1122
01:01:29,440 --> 01:01:32,400
Speaker 1: white towns folk met and demanded that all black residents leave,

1123
01:01:32,640 --> 01:01:35,200
Speaker 1: beginning with unmarried men who were to be outside town limits.

1124
01:01:35,240 --> 01:01:38,240
Speaker 1: By that evening. Within a week, all black residents of Blandford,

1125
01:01:38,240 --> 01:01:41,680
Speaker 1: approximately fifty people had fled. That exodus was overseen by

1126
01:01:41,720 --> 01:01:44,960
Speaker 1: Harry Newland, the sheriff of Vermillion County and himself a klansman,

1127
01:01:45,000 --> 01:01:46,960
Speaker 1: along with members of the Dana h d t A

1128
01:01:47,280 --> 01:01:49,400
Speaker 1: and the Help Township h d t A, two of

1129
01:01:49,480 --> 01:01:52,080
Speaker 1: the four chapters in the area. The Help Township chapter

1130
01:01:52,160 --> 01:01:54,720
Speaker 1: alone included over a dozen members of the clan, including

1131
01:01:54,760 --> 01:01:57,640
Speaker 1: its captain. African American citizens both in Blandford and the

1132
01:01:57,680 --> 01:02:00,560
Speaker 1: surrounding county felt forced to comply into part in mass.

1133
01:02:00,920 --> 01:02:04,000
Speaker 1: As Jaspin notes, the has recorded well over two hundred

1134
01:02:04,040 --> 01:02:07,240
Speaker 1: black residents in Vermilion County. In nineteen thirty, that number

1135
01:02:07,320 --> 01:02:11,280
Speaker 1: was less than seventy. That's an active of ethnic cleansing.

1136
01:02:11,520 --> 01:02:15,480
Speaker 1: That's what we call ethnic cleansing. Yeah, that's what that's called. Yeah. Yeah,

1137
01:02:16,640 --> 01:02:22,600
Speaker 1: So the Indiana all the KKK was active all throughout

1138
01:02:22,680 --> 01:02:25,440
Speaker 1: and again, think about this, think about this civilian group

1139
01:02:25,560 --> 01:02:30,040
Speaker 1: with law enforcement powers enforcing white supremacy. When you think about,

1140
01:02:30,440 --> 01:02:34,120
Speaker 1: for example, armed members of far right Molissia's showing up

1141
01:02:34,160 --> 01:02:38,600
Speaker 1: to support the police at protests, Um, yeah, that's so.

1142
01:02:39,360 --> 01:02:41,880
Speaker 1: The KKK was active all throughout the United States during

1143
01:02:41,920 --> 01:02:44,600
Speaker 1: this period, eventually reaching a peak of like four million members.

1144
01:02:44,720 --> 01:02:47,560
Speaker 1: There exists no accurate nationwide count for how many people

1145
01:02:47,600 --> 01:02:49,280
Speaker 1: were forced out of their homes by the clan, how

1146
01:02:49,280 --> 01:02:51,280
Speaker 1: many were assaulted by them, are killed by them, just

1147
01:02:51,440 --> 01:02:54,200
Speaker 1: as there exists no comprehensive accounting for how often this

1148
01:02:54,280 --> 01:02:57,440
Speaker 1: behavior occurred, either with the consent or the enthusiastic help

1149
01:02:57,520 --> 01:03:00,760
Speaker 1: of the police. In either case, it maybe a mistake

1150
01:03:00,840 --> 01:03:04,400
Speaker 1: to even attempt to quantify the KKK's part in this specifically,

1151
01:03:04,440 --> 01:03:06,560
Speaker 1: because the violence of both the First and Second Clan

1152
01:03:06,640 --> 01:03:09,960
Speaker 1: occurred within a much broader context of mass violence against

1153
01:03:10,000 --> 01:03:12,840
Speaker 1: black people by white people with the express consent of

1154
01:03:12,920 --> 01:03:16,920
Speaker 1: law enforcement. This violence started up during reconstruction and continued

1155
01:03:16,960 --> 01:03:19,680
Speaker 1: all the way into nineteen fifty. We tend to call

1156
01:03:19,760 --> 01:03:22,600
Speaker 1: it lynching today, although it took a variety of forms,

1157
01:03:22,760 --> 01:03:24,400
Speaker 1: and we will never know how many black men were

1158
01:03:24,480 --> 01:03:27,320
Speaker 1: killed during this period. But the Equal Justice Initiative estimates

1159
01:03:27,520 --> 01:03:31,160
Speaker 1: sixty five hundred at the minimum. These murders occurred at

1160
01:03:31,160 --> 01:03:33,640
Speaker 1: a steady pace, with intermittent eruptions that were spurred on

1161
01:03:33,680 --> 01:03:36,320
Speaker 1: by a mix of economic recessions, war and white resentment

1162
01:03:36,360 --> 01:03:39,600
Speaker 1: of black success. And all that brings me to the

1163
01:03:39,680 --> 01:03:43,360
Speaker 1: story of the Red Summer of nineteen nineteen. Have you

1164
01:03:43,480 --> 01:03:47,800
Speaker 1: heard of this prop Yes, yeah, yeah, I'm gonna guess

1165
01:03:48,040 --> 01:03:50,680
Speaker 1: I think because of the show Watchmen. Actually a lot

1166
01:03:50,760 --> 01:03:52,640
Speaker 1: more white people know about Tulsa now, which we'll be

1167
01:03:52,680 --> 01:03:55,240
Speaker 1: talking about in part two. I don't think very many.

1168
01:03:55,280 --> 01:03:57,320
Speaker 1: Why I didn't know about fucking Red Summer until like

1169
01:03:57,360 --> 01:04:02,160
Speaker 1: a week or two ago. So four, Part four Jesus,

1170
01:04:02,400 --> 01:04:05,600
Speaker 1: Part four for the week, Part two for the week. Okay, well, okay, yeah,

1171
01:04:05,760 --> 01:04:09,040
Speaker 1: the next episode we will talk about Tulsa. This episode.

1172
01:04:09,080 --> 01:04:13,640
Speaker 1: This is uh yeah, Red Summer nineteen nineteen. Again. This

1173
01:04:13,800 --> 01:04:16,000
Speaker 1: is the type of stuff that, like, like I said before,

1174
01:04:16,760 --> 01:04:20,760
Speaker 1: if it's not in your experience, you you'd have to

1175
01:04:20,840 --> 01:04:24,720
Speaker 1: go out of your way to know this, um. But

1176
01:04:24,840 --> 01:04:28,160
Speaker 1: if it is, it's like this is why I will

1177
01:04:28,240 --> 01:04:32,680
Speaker 1: always hammer like, you know, having a good strong sense

1178
01:04:32,760 --> 01:04:38,840
Speaker 1: of self, a sense of community, and then having relationships

1179
01:04:38,960 --> 01:04:42,160
Speaker 1: across communities. You know what I'm saying, So that now

1180
01:04:42,960 --> 01:04:46,280
Speaker 1: you don't sound like an asshole when you don't know

1181
01:04:46,280 --> 01:04:48,280
Speaker 1: what you're talking about because you don't know people from

1182
01:04:48,320 --> 01:04:50,880
Speaker 1: other places. You know what I'm saying. So this is

1183
01:04:51,080 --> 01:04:53,960
Speaker 1: so so yeah. So anyway, all that to say, this

1184
01:04:54,040 --> 01:04:57,160
Speaker 1: ship won't be in your textbooks, and it's not gonna be.

1185
01:04:57,360 --> 01:05:01,360
Speaker 1: It's not gonna Yeah, you're lucky if you get a

1186
01:05:01,520 --> 01:05:04,440
Speaker 1: paragraph on the Red Summer in a in a textbook,

1187
01:05:04,480 --> 01:05:06,880
Speaker 1: and not all texts. Mind sure didn't have it. It

1188
01:05:07,040 --> 01:05:09,760
Speaker 1: is in some textbooks because some of the articles I

1189
01:05:09,840 --> 01:05:12,200
Speaker 1: read on it, like we're specifically analyzing how it's covered

1190
01:05:12,240 --> 01:05:16,280
Speaker 1: in textbooks, but again generally about a paragraph. Now. The

1191
01:05:16,400 --> 01:05:18,840
Speaker 1: Red Summer is the name given by Double A CP

1192
01:05:19,040 --> 01:05:22,400
Speaker 1: leader James Weldon Johnson for the months in nineteen nineteen

1193
01:05:22,440 --> 01:05:26,520
Speaker 1: when a wave of racist riots. Race riots is often

1194
01:05:26,560 --> 01:05:29,640
Speaker 1: the term, I think racist riots is more accurate, broke

1195
01:05:29,680 --> 01:05:35,200
Speaker 1: out against black communities in Charleston, South Carolina, Longview, Texas, Bisbee, Arizona, Washington,

1196
01:05:35,320 --> 01:05:39,760
Speaker 1: d C. Chicago, Knoxville, Omaha, and Elaine, Arkansas. At least

1197
01:05:39,800 --> 01:05:41,760
Speaker 1: a hundred and fifty people were killed in the violence,

1198
01:05:41,880 --> 01:05:44,040
Speaker 1: and a hundred or so more lynched, but it's probably

1199
01:05:44,080 --> 01:05:46,439
Speaker 1: more like a thousand dead. You'll you'll hear again, we don't.

1200
01:05:46,440 --> 01:05:49,160
Speaker 1: We're not gonna We're never gonna get a good accounting. Um.

1201
01:05:49,320 --> 01:05:51,440
Speaker 1: And I hope the listeners here like as he gets

1202
01:05:51,480 --> 01:05:54,560
Speaker 1: into this story again, just like we said, you know,

1203
01:05:54,680 --> 01:05:56,680
Speaker 1: to the militia folks that are like, how come black

1204
01:05:56,720 --> 01:05:59,640
Speaker 1: people don't arm? And when we say, you think we

1205
01:05:59,720 --> 01:06:03,000
Speaker 1: ain't thought it at right now, as you read, as

1206
01:06:03,040 --> 01:06:05,280
Speaker 1: you listen to this story, when people say, well, how

1207
01:06:05,320 --> 01:06:07,440
Speaker 1: come you don't build your own businesses and support your

1208
01:06:07,480 --> 01:06:10,919
Speaker 1: own community and start your own capitalistic spaces, let me say,

1209
01:06:11,400 --> 01:06:17,400
Speaker 1: you think we ain't thought it at yeah? Yeah, yeah. Um.

1210
01:06:17,760 --> 01:06:21,280
Speaker 1: So obviously you know, clan members were involved with and

1211
01:06:21,360 --> 01:06:23,480
Speaker 1: behind a great deal of the violence of Red Summer,

1212
01:06:23,560 --> 01:06:26,600
Speaker 1: but not not necessarily most of it. Although in Pittsburgh

1213
01:06:26,600 --> 01:06:29,560
Speaker 1: the KKK chapter posted up notices around a black neighborhood

1214
01:06:29,600 --> 01:06:32,919
Speaker 1: which stated the war is over, Negroes, stay in your place.

1215
01:06:33,000 --> 01:06:35,800
Speaker 1: If you don't, will put you there, um, which is

1216
01:06:35,840 --> 01:06:38,480
Speaker 1: a little ironic because a lot of Red Summer involved

1217
01:06:38,560 --> 01:06:42,920
Speaker 1: white crowds going into black neighbors coming yeah exactly one

1218
01:06:42,960 --> 01:06:48,200
Speaker 1: and all business fucking a. While clansmen were regular drivers

1219
01:06:48,240 --> 01:06:52,160
Speaker 1: of violence during Red Summer, uniformed police officers played at

1220
01:06:52,240 --> 01:06:54,600
Speaker 1: least as larger role, maybe even a larger one. One

1221
01:06:54,640 --> 01:06:58,040
Speaker 1: of the first riots started in Chicago on July after

1222
01:06:58,120 --> 01:07:01,040
Speaker 1: a black child mistakenly swim him into a chunk of

1223
01:07:01,160 --> 01:07:04,760
Speaker 1: beach that was whites only under Jim Crow. White people

1224
01:07:04,840 --> 01:07:07,640
Speaker 1: on the beach saw this child, Eugene Williams, and started

1225
01:07:07,720 --> 01:07:10,160
Speaker 1: pelting him with rocks. Every time he would attempt to

1226
01:07:10,200 --> 01:07:12,280
Speaker 1: come to shore, they would throw more rocks at him.

1227
01:07:12,440 --> 01:07:16,040
Speaker 1: He eventually drowned. This brought a cloud crowd of furious

1228
01:07:16,120 --> 01:07:19,560
Speaker 1: black citizens out more rocks were thrown. A white officer

1229
01:07:19,640 --> 01:07:22,560
Speaker 1: showed up, observed the situation, and decided to arrest a

1230
01:07:22,600 --> 01:07:26,960
Speaker 1: black guy. This, for obvious reasons, helped push tensions in

1231
01:07:27,040 --> 01:07:30,160
Speaker 1: Chicago to a boiling point. The resulting riot led to

1232
01:07:30,320 --> 01:07:33,320
Speaker 1: thirty eight, mostly black deaths, and the police responded with

1233
01:07:33,360 --> 01:07:36,400
Speaker 1: a mix of completely neglect, often allowing the white mobs

1234
01:07:36,400 --> 01:07:38,919
Speaker 1: to do violence, and occasional acts of giving a ship,

1235
01:07:39,040 --> 01:07:40,840
Speaker 1: possibly due to the presence of black men on the

1236
01:07:40,960 --> 01:07:44,000
Speaker 1: Chicago p D. The most example notable example of this

1237
01:07:44,160 --> 01:07:46,760
Speaker 1: was probably the Chicago police holding back a white mob

1238
01:07:46,880 --> 01:07:49,560
Speaker 1: from burning down a hospital filled with mostly black patients.

1239
01:07:50,040 --> 01:07:52,960
Speaker 1: The only CPD officer to die during the riot was

1240
01:07:53,040 --> 01:07:56,880
Speaker 1: a black man. Red Summer actually continued into the fall,

1241
01:07:57,000 --> 01:07:59,920
Speaker 1: and one of its bloodiest hot spots was Phillips County, Arkansas.

1242
01:08:00,400 --> 01:08:03,160
Speaker 1: On September thirty, small group of black people gathered at

1243
01:08:03,160 --> 01:08:06,880
Speaker 1: a rural church to organize a sharecroppers union. Two police,

1244
01:08:06,960 --> 01:08:09,080
Speaker 1: white policemen showed up, and they had been sent there

1245
01:08:09,120 --> 01:08:12,400
Speaker 1: specifically to stop the union from organizing. So again we

1246
01:08:12,480 --> 01:08:14,400
Speaker 1: do have some interchange with what we talked about in

1247
01:08:14,440 --> 01:08:16,960
Speaker 1: the last episode, where the police exist to stop unions

1248
01:08:17,000 --> 01:08:20,439
Speaker 1: for wealthy people. Anyway, um, so they claimed they were

1249
01:08:20,479 --> 01:08:23,280
Speaker 1: looking for a bootlegger, and what happened next is unclear,

1250
01:08:23,520 --> 01:08:26,160
Speaker 1: but a gunfight broke out and one officer was killed,

1251
01:08:26,280 --> 01:08:29,160
Speaker 1: almost certainly in self defense by the people in that meeting.

1252
01:08:29,600 --> 01:08:32,559
Speaker 1: The local sheriff sent out a call for armed random

1253
01:08:32,600 --> 01:08:35,800
Speaker 1: white dudes to quote hunt Mr. Inward, and he did

1254
01:08:35,840 --> 01:08:38,000
Speaker 1: not use the in word. I mean, he used the

1255
01:08:38,040 --> 01:08:39,519
Speaker 1: in word, but he didn't, you know, he used the

1256
01:08:39,560 --> 01:08:43,040
Speaker 1: real one, hunt Mr. Inward in his lair. Hundreds of

1257
01:08:43,080 --> 01:08:45,280
Speaker 1: white dudes from all over the area and even from

1258
01:08:45,360 --> 01:08:48,160
Speaker 1: the adjoining state of Mississippi showed up in Phillips County

1259
01:08:48,240 --> 01:08:51,360
Speaker 1: with guns. They opened fire wildly at every black person

1260
01:08:51,439 --> 01:08:55,000
Speaker 1: they saw, with the enthusiastic consent and help of the police.

1261
01:08:55,360 --> 01:08:58,599
Speaker 1: Frank Moore, a black farmer, survived the massacre. He later

1262
01:08:58,680 --> 01:09:01,240
Speaker 1: recalled the white sent word that they was coming down

1263
01:09:01,280 --> 01:09:03,479
Speaker 1: here to kill every inn where they found. There were

1264
01:09:03,520 --> 01:09:05,719
Speaker 1: three hundred or four hundred or more white men with guns,

1265
01:09:05,800 --> 01:09:09,639
Speaker 1: shooting and killing women and children. Now, of course klansmen

1266
01:09:09,680 --> 01:09:12,519
Speaker 1: were involved, and some of those clansmen were likely police officers,

1267
01:09:12,640 --> 01:09:14,920
Speaker 1: but the violence in Phillips County was backed by state

1268
01:09:15,000 --> 01:09:17,880
Speaker 1: and local officials, lawmen, and business owners, not just a

1269
01:09:17,960 --> 01:09:21,320
Speaker 1: vigilante social club. The official death toll was eleven black

1270
01:09:21,400 --> 01:09:24,080
Speaker 1: men and five white men killed. The real number of

1271
01:09:24,160 --> 01:09:26,720
Speaker 1: murdered black people is believed to range from anywhere from

1272
01:09:26,760 --> 01:09:30,599
Speaker 1: one hundred to two hundred and thirty seven. At one point,

1273
01:09:30,680 --> 01:09:33,120
Speaker 1: the white mobs were aided by federal troops as well.

1274
01:09:33,479 --> 01:09:36,080
Speaker 1: Local reporters helped the government cover up the massacre by

1275
01:09:36,120 --> 01:09:38,640
Speaker 1: claiming the violence had been white self defense against a

1276
01:09:38,760 --> 01:09:42,639
Speaker 1: black uprising. One Arkansas Gazette article opened with the headline

1277
01:09:43,000 --> 01:09:50,080
Speaker 1: Negroes plan to kill all whites. Good lord, Yeah, you

1278
01:09:50,240 --> 01:09:54,240
Speaker 1: could just make it up and yo, like going into

1279
01:09:54,439 --> 01:09:59,560
Speaker 1: like some of these specific communities just to color, just

1280
01:09:59,680 --> 01:10:02,679
Speaker 1: to are some of the story. We're becoming a fluid,

1281
01:10:03,280 --> 01:10:06,000
Speaker 1: especially the ones in South Carolina. They were like, okay, listen,

1282
01:10:06,120 --> 01:10:09,479
Speaker 1: you don't want to do business with us. Fine, So

1283
01:10:09,920 --> 01:10:12,679
Speaker 1: we were saying it was opening banks, selling their own homes,

1284
01:10:13,080 --> 01:10:16,360
Speaker 1: starting their own businesses, growing their own crops. It was like, Okay,

1285
01:10:16,520 --> 01:10:19,759
Speaker 1: it's fine, Fine, we don't have to live together. It's fine,

1286
01:10:20,120 --> 01:10:22,280
Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. And then all of the sudden,

1287
01:10:22,400 --> 01:10:24,160
Speaker 1: somebody just come knock it down. It's like, what do

1288
01:10:24,200 --> 01:10:29,800
Speaker 1: you and you know, specifically sparked by that community share

1289
01:10:29,840 --> 01:10:32,120
Speaker 1: croppers in the community being like, we need to agitate

1290
01:10:32,200 --> 01:10:35,400
Speaker 1: together to have a better deal in a legal and

1291
01:10:35,560 --> 01:10:38,280
Speaker 1: constitutionally protected way. Oh now you're shooting at us. Now,

1292
01:10:38,479 --> 01:10:41,400
Speaker 1: now you're shooting at us. It was just like you're like, okay, wait, okay,

1293
01:10:41,439 --> 01:10:44,080
Speaker 1: so we're not three fist human anymore. The law applies

1294
01:10:44,160 --> 01:10:47,679
Speaker 1: to us. It seems like this system of sharecropping don't work.

1295
01:10:47,760 --> 01:10:49,599
Speaker 1: Maybe we should work together and kind of figure out

1296
01:10:49,600 --> 01:10:52,320
Speaker 1: a better way to I mean, I mean we we

1297
01:10:52,640 --> 01:10:57,000
Speaker 1: were citizens. Now we have this right all guess we

1298
01:10:57,080 --> 01:11:00,360
Speaker 1: don't know you're shooting us. Okay, yeah, that this is

1299
01:11:00,479 --> 01:11:02,800
Speaker 1: just like the oh I was in fear of my

1300
01:11:03,000 --> 01:11:07,880
Speaker 1: life bullshit that cops second every day they were uprising.

1301
01:11:08,120 --> 01:11:10,559
Speaker 1: You'll hear that again in the next episode two. Yeah,

1302
01:11:11,560 --> 01:11:14,439
Speaker 1: they were mining their own business. I was afraid of

1303
01:11:14,520 --> 01:11:19,320
Speaker 1: the woman sleeping in her own house. It's it's uh,

1304
01:11:20,680 --> 01:11:24,080
Speaker 1: you know, I'm not a big chairman mal fan um,

1305
01:11:24,640 --> 01:11:27,519
Speaker 1: but when he said political power comes from the barrel

1306
01:11:27,560 --> 01:11:31,599
Speaker 1: of a gun, he was not incorrect. Like, and that's

1307
01:11:31,640 --> 01:11:33,800
Speaker 1: what you see here, right right, That's what that's what

1308
01:11:33,960 --> 01:11:38,439
Speaker 1: Red Summer is. Um. Yeah, And I recognize things are

1309
01:11:38,439 --> 01:11:40,400
Speaker 1: getting little bit muddled here in this podcast about the

1310
01:11:40,439 --> 01:11:42,320
Speaker 1: history of the police visa v the difference between the

1311
01:11:42,400 --> 01:11:45,479
Speaker 1: vigilante violence, the KKK violence, the police violence, the police

1312
01:11:45,520 --> 01:11:48,040
Speaker 1: violence that is KKK violence. And that's because very real

1313
01:11:48,560 --> 01:11:52,479
Speaker 1: history is always muddled. And in this period police were

1314
01:11:52,560 --> 01:11:55,920
Speaker 1: often perpetrators and lynchings and white mob violence against black people.

1315
01:11:56,520 --> 01:12:00,200
Speaker 1: They also more often failed to intervene in this sort

1316
01:12:00,200 --> 01:12:02,680
Speaker 1: of thing, and they did sometimes fight against it, um

1317
01:12:02,880 --> 01:12:04,800
Speaker 1: often because there were black officers on the force, but

1318
01:12:04,880 --> 01:12:06,640
Speaker 1: there were in this period is important to note some

1319
01:12:06,800 --> 01:12:09,360
Speaker 1: very brave white officers who were like, this isn't fucking okay,

1320
01:12:09,479 --> 01:12:13,200
Speaker 1: and I'm not trying to erase those people, but nationwide

1321
01:12:13,360 --> 01:12:17,679
Speaker 1: as a coal police completely failed to defend black citizens

1322
01:12:17,720 --> 01:12:20,400
Speaker 1: in any organized, meaningful way during the Red Summer of

1323
01:12:20,479 --> 01:12:24,160
Speaker 1: nineteen nineteen. White people initiated more or less a hundred

1324
01:12:24,200 --> 01:12:26,439
Speaker 1: percent of the violence during this summer, and law enforcement

1325
01:12:26,479 --> 01:12:29,920
Speaker 1: consistently failed to protect them. In Washington, d C. While

1326
01:12:29,960 --> 01:12:33,400
Speaker 1: white mobs marched through black neighborhoods, firing wildly, the police

1327
01:12:33,439 --> 01:12:36,160
Speaker 1: response was so lackluster that the mayor was had to

1328
01:12:36,320 --> 01:12:38,599
Speaker 1: call in the military in order to protect the city's

1329
01:12:38,600 --> 01:12:42,240
Speaker 1: black citizens. The individual racism of white officers, mixed with

1330
01:12:42,280 --> 01:12:44,360
Speaker 1: the simple reality that police had never been intended to

1331
01:12:44,400 --> 01:12:47,880
Speaker 1: protect poor neighborhoods or businesses in an organized fashion, left

1332
01:12:47,920 --> 01:12:51,200
Speaker 1: black people with no option but to protect themselves. And

1333
01:12:51,280 --> 01:12:53,000
Speaker 1: to tell that story in brief, I'm going to quote

1334
01:12:53,000 --> 01:12:56,280
Speaker 1: from an article in teen Vogue by Ursula wolf Roca. Quote.

1335
01:12:57,560 --> 01:13:01,120
Speaker 1: In Knoxville, Tennessee, armed black men organized themselves to successfully

1336
01:13:01,160 --> 01:13:03,719
Speaker 1: repel hundreds of white rioters that who had already destroyed

1337
01:13:03,760 --> 01:13:07,040
Speaker 1: the county jail with a battering ram and dynamite. In Chicago,

1338
01:13:07,160 --> 01:13:10,160
Speaker 1: African Americans formed self defense units after days of white

1339
01:13:10,280 --> 01:13:13,080
Speaker 1: terror in their neighborhoods. Many of these defenders were veterans

1340
01:13:13,120 --> 01:13:15,639
Speaker 1: among the three hundred and seventy thousand black men inducted

1341
01:13:15,680 --> 01:13:18,040
Speaker 1: into the army during World War One, who hoped fighting

1342
01:13:18,080 --> 01:13:21,240
Speaker 1: for democracy abroad might finally secure their first class citizenship

1343
01:13:21,280 --> 01:13:24,439
Speaker 1: at home. The mob violence in Chicago convinced Harry Haywood,

1344
01:13:24,479 --> 01:13:26,559
Speaker 1: a veteran of the all black three hundred and seventy

1345
01:13:26,920 --> 01:13:29,759
Speaker 1: Infantry Regiment, he had made a mistake, As he explained,

1346
01:13:30,000 --> 01:13:32,599
Speaker 1: I had been fighting the wrong war. The Germans weren't

1347
01:13:32,640 --> 01:13:36,760
Speaker 1: the enemy. The enemy was right here at home in Washington. Yeah.

1348
01:13:37,680 --> 01:13:41,600
Speaker 1: There it is. The muddle is the I love that

1349
01:13:41,680 --> 01:13:45,519
Speaker 1: you said muddled, because that's the point. That's the point

1350
01:13:45,560 --> 01:13:48,080
Speaker 1: we're trying to make when it comes to policing in America.

1351
01:13:48,280 --> 01:13:51,720
Speaker 1: It is muddled. I can't I should be able to

1352
01:13:51,760 --> 01:13:54,680
Speaker 1: tell the difference. I should be able to go that

1353
01:13:54,880 --> 01:13:57,920
Speaker 1: is the clan. These are the police I should be

1354
01:13:58,800 --> 01:14:02,800
Speaker 1: And that's our point. I can't tell the difference. That's

1355
01:14:02,840 --> 01:14:08,880
Speaker 1: the point. Yep. YEP may continue that quote about black

1356
01:14:08,920 --> 01:14:11,679
Speaker 1: self defense during red Summer in Washington, d C. Seventeen

1357
01:14:11,760 --> 01:14:14,240
Speaker 1: year old Carry Johnson opened fire on men breaking into

1358
01:14:14,280 --> 01:14:16,640
Speaker 1: her home while a thousand white rioters laid siege to

1359
01:14:16,680 --> 01:14:20,040
Speaker 1: her neighborhood. In Anniston, Alabama, in December of nineteen eighteen,

1360
01:14:20,080 --> 01:14:22,760
Speaker 1: a black veteran sergeant Edgar Caldwell was ordered out of

1361
01:14:22,800 --> 01:14:25,360
Speaker 1: the white section of a street car. He refused, kicked

1362
01:14:25,400 --> 01:14:26,880
Speaker 1: out of the car, and set up on by the

1363
01:14:26,960 --> 01:14:30,000
Speaker 1: white motorman and conductor. Caldwell shot his pistol twice, killing

1364
01:14:30,040 --> 01:14:33,200
Speaker 1: one of his attackers, though uncoordinated, when looked at together,

1365
01:14:33,280 --> 01:14:35,439
Speaker 1: these hundreds of moments in and leading up to nineteen

1366
01:14:35,479 --> 01:14:38,519
Speaker 1: nineteen read is an awesome display of collective black agency

1367
01:14:38,600 --> 01:14:43,000
Speaker 1: and self preservation. So again, black arm self defense often

1368
01:14:43,439 --> 01:14:45,840
Speaker 1: is overwhelmed by again, this yeer number of white people,

1369
01:14:45,880 --> 01:14:48,600
Speaker 1: their additional resources they're backing of the state. But it

1370
01:14:48,680 --> 01:14:50,800
Speaker 1: also works out sometimes and it saves a lot of

1371
01:14:50,880 --> 01:14:52,560
Speaker 1: lives when it does. So we I don't want to

1372
01:14:52,600 --> 01:14:56,200
Speaker 1: be saying like it's not at tactic that succeeds it

1373
01:14:56,320 --> 01:15:02,040
Speaker 1: historically has um. In two thousands sixteen, city councilwoman Angelia

1374
01:15:02,160 --> 01:15:04,200
Speaker 1: Williams took to the stage at an in double a

1375
01:15:04,320 --> 01:15:07,479
Speaker 1: cp luncheon. She told the crowd that modern racists had

1376
01:15:07,640 --> 01:15:10,559
Speaker 1: quote taken off their white hats and white sheeted robes

1377
01:15:10,640 --> 01:15:13,120
Speaker 1: and put on police uniforms. Some of them have put

1378
01:15:13,200 --> 01:15:15,400
Speaker 1: on shirts and ties his policymakers, and some of them

1379
01:15:15,439 --> 01:15:18,000
Speaker 1: have put on robes as judges. This did not go

1380
01:15:18,200 --> 01:15:21,360
Speaker 1: over well, and she was roundly pilloried by law enforcement officials.

1381
01:15:21,400 --> 01:15:23,479
Speaker 1: A lot of them were like Democrats, and a wide

1382
01:15:23,560 --> 01:15:27,400
Speaker 1: variety of elected local democrats. Um But if Councilwoman Williams

1383
01:15:27,439 --> 01:15:29,479
Speaker 1: had wanted to bring up recent cases of folks who

1384
01:15:29,560 --> 01:15:32,519
Speaker 1: worked forces and also burnt crosses, she would not have

1385
01:15:32,640 --> 01:15:35,599
Speaker 1: had to google hard. In two thousand twelve, a Little Rock,

1386
01:15:35,720 --> 01:15:38,599
Speaker 1: Arkansas officer who had attended at least one KKK meeting,

1387
01:15:38,640 --> 01:15:41,080
Speaker 1: shot and killed a fifteen year old black child. In

1388
01:15:41,120 --> 01:15:45,000
Speaker 1: two thousand fifteen, video leaked of Anniston, Alabama police officer

1389
01:15:45,120 --> 01:15:48,840
Speaker 1: Joshua Doggrel delivering a speech for the League of the South. Now,

1390
01:15:48,920 --> 01:15:51,880
Speaker 1: the League of the South is a neo Confederate organization,

1391
01:15:51,960 --> 01:15:54,559
Speaker 1: and for all intents and purposes, just addressed up rebranding

1392
01:15:54,600 --> 01:15:56,320
Speaker 1: of the KKK that tries to look a little bit

1393
01:15:56,320 --> 01:15:59,720
Speaker 1: more palatable. These Motherfucker's marched with the Nazis and Charlottesville

1394
01:15:59,720 --> 01:16:02,839
Speaker 1: into that in seventeen. Doggerel had joined the League in nineteen.

1395
01:16:03,800 --> 01:16:06,200
Speaker 1: He'd been a police officer since two thousands six. He

1396
01:16:06,320 --> 01:16:08,160
Speaker 1: talked openly about the League of the South to his

1397
01:16:08,240 --> 01:16:10,800
Speaker 1: fellow officers. He advised them to join, and he held

1398
01:16:10,880 --> 01:16:13,200
Speaker 1: meetings at a steakhouse very close to the police station.

1399
01:16:13,479 --> 01:16:16,519
Speaker 1: He posted pro Confederate content on his Facebook, including pictures

1400
01:16:16,520 --> 01:16:20,759
Speaker 1: of early KKK leaders. Dog Rols clan affiliations were doubly concerning,

1401
01:16:20,760 --> 01:16:23,560
Speaker 1: giving Anniston's history. In May of nineteen sixty one, the

1402
01:16:23,680 --> 01:16:26,080
Speaker 1: Freedom Writers had shown up in town to protest against

1403
01:16:26,080 --> 01:16:29,040
Speaker 1: segregation and Jim Crow. They were assaulted by a massive

1404
01:16:29,120 --> 01:16:32,200
Speaker 1: klansmen who slashed their tires, broke their bus windows, and

1405
01:16:32,280 --> 01:16:34,439
Speaker 1: tried to light the bus on fire with them in it.

1406
01:16:34,920 --> 01:16:38,160
Speaker 1: The Anniston Police department was headquartered a block away from this,

1407
01:16:38,439 --> 01:16:40,920
Speaker 1: a little closer than the steakhouse where officer dog roll

1408
01:16:41,000 --> 01:16:44,280
Speaker 1: With decades later hold meetings. Annison officers failed to arrive

1409
01:16:44,320 --> 01:16:46,200
Speaker 1: at the scene of the crime until hours later. No

1410
01:16:46,280 --> 01:16:48,600
Speaker 1: one was arrested. They may have been late because a

1411
01:16:48,680 --> 01:16:50,400
Speaker 1: number of them probably had to change out of their

1412
01:16:50,439 --> 01:16:53,800
Speaker 1: robes and into their uniforms because they were there. Yeah,

1413
01:16:54,080 --> 01:16:56,760
Speaker 1: because they were trying to burn the bus down. Yes.

1414
01:16:57,640 --> 01:17:00,760
Speaker 1: Now I cannot point you two in specific act of

1415
01:17:00,840 --> 01:17:03,519
Speaker 1: racial violence that Officer dogg Role committed while in uniform,

1416
01:17:03,840 --> 01:17:05,840
Speaker 1: as it is damnably hard to get good information on

1417
01:17:05,920 --> 01:17:09,519
Speaker 1: police misbehavior from the very best police departments, and Anniston

1418
01:17:09,640 --> 01:17:12,200
Speaker 1: is not one of those. But significant evidence suggests that

1419
01:17:12,280 --> 01:17:15,640
Speaker 1: officer dog role in his membership in what is a

1420
01:17:15,760 --> 01:17:19,800
Speaker 1: confederate organization is not a one off from an article

1421
01:17:19,920 --> 01:17:23,160
Speaker 1: in the Guardian quote. Although it is unusual to be

1422
01:17:23,360 --> 01:17:25,200
Speaker 1: for a police officer to be so open about his

1423
01:17:25,280 --> 01:17:28,519
Speaker 1: involvement in an extremist organization, for decades, anti government, white

1424
01:17:28,520 --> 01:17:31,240
Speaker 1: supremacist groups have been attempting to recruit police officers into

1425
01:17:31,240 --> 01:17:34,040
Speaker 1: their ranks. It is something a lot of folks are overlooking,

1426
01:17:34,120 --> 01:17:36,519
Speaker 1: says v Ta B. Johnson, an assistant professor of law

1427
01:17:36,520 --> 01:17:39,720
Speaker 1: at Georgetown University. Police forces are becoming more interested in

1428
01:17:39,800 --> 01:17:42,960
Speaker 1: talking about implicit bias, the unconscious racial biases we carry

1429
01:17:43,000 --> 01:17:45,360
Speaker 1: with us as Americans, but people aren't really addressing the

1430
01:17:45,400 --> 01:17:48,600
Speaker 1: explicit biases that are present on police forces. According to

1431
01:17:48,680 --> 01:17:50,840
Speaker 1: Johnson's research, there have been at least a hundred different

1432
01:17:50,880 --> 01:17:54,280
Speaker 1: scandals and more than forty different states involving police officers

1433
01:17:54,320 --> 01:17:56,479
Speaker 1: who have sent racist emails and text messages are made

1434
01:17:56,560 --> 01:17:59,280
Speaker 1: racist comments on social media since the nineteen nineties. A

1435
01:17:59,360 --> 01:18:01,880
Speaker 1: recent investor a gation by the Center for Investigative Reporting

1436
01:18:01,920 --> 01:18:04,400
Speaker 1: found that hundreds of active duty and retired law enforcement

1437
01:18:04,479 --> 01:18:07,280
Speaker 1: officers from around the country were members of Confederate, anti

1438
01:18:07,320 --> 01:18:09,920
Speaker 1: government and anti Islam groups on Facebook. But there's no

1439
01:18:10,000 --> 01:18:12,680
Speaker 1: official record of officers who are tied to white supremacists

1440
01:18:12,760 --> 01:18:15,280
Speaker 1: or other extremist groups. Because in the US, there's no

1441
01:18:15,360 --> 01:18:18,200
Speaker 1: federal policy for screening or monitoring the countries eight hundred

1442
01:18:18,240 --> 01:18:21,360
Speaker 1: thousand plus law enforcement officers for extremist views. The eighteen

1443
01:18:21,360 --> 01:18:23,960
Speaker 1: thousand or so police departments across the country are largely

1444
01:18:24,040 --> 01:18:28,560
Speaker 1: left to police themselves. Now, of course, Yeah that's a

1445
01:18:28,640 --> 01:18:33,519
Speaker 1: good call. Yeah, yeah, I have a suggestion. If they

1446
01:18:33,640 --> 01:18:37,599
Speaker 1: police themselves, why don't we police ourselves? I mean, apparently

1447
01:18:37,680 --> 01:18:46,280
Speaker 1: a system works. Yeah, what's it like? Like, I just

1448
01:18:47,360 --> 01:18:52,680
Speaker 1: you can't people think we you think we're making this

1449
01:18:52,800 --> 01:18:55,240
Speaker 1: stuff up when we say, yo, cops are racist. I'm

1450
01:18:55,240 --> 01:18:57,160
Speaker 1: trying to tell you it's racism over the arey. Like,

1451
01:18:57,280 --> 01:19:04,639
Speaker 1: what like, I just what what possible gain do any

1452
01:19:04,720 --> 01:19:12,719
Speaker 1: of us have accusing falsely an entire organization to be racist,

1453
01:19:12,800 --> 01:19:14,880
Speaker 1: Like what, like what what do you think my end

1454
01:19:14,960 --> 01:19:20,040
Speaker 1: game would be? There's no like I gained nothing from

1455
01:19:20,160 --> 01:19:24,200
Speaker 1: making this stuff up. Yeah. It's and again like people

1456
01:19:24,320 --> 01:19:26,400
Speaker 1: always focus on like you know, oh, well you know,

1457
01:19:26,479 --> 01:19:28,439
Speaker 1: that's not that many police officers, you know when you

1458
01:19:28,560 --> 01:19:30,240
Speaker 1: you you read them the numbers like that compared to

1459
01:19:30,280 --> 01:19:31,600
Speaker 1: how many there are, and it's like, well, no, that

1460
01:19:31,720 --> 01:19:36,160
Speaker 1: those are the ones that individual activists have for after hours,

1461
01:19:36,280 --> 01:19:40,519
Speaker 1: probably for each individual officer trapped down and verified, because again,

1462
01:19:40,560 --> 01:19:43,400
Speaker 1: the government's not looking at us. But also, let's say

1463
01:19:43,479 --> 01:19:46,160
Speaker 1: there's a block party that happens next to your house,

1464
01:19:46,280 --> 01:19:49,720
Speaker 1: right hundred people. One of those people shoots you in

1465
01:19:49,800 --> 01:19:52,320
Speaker 1: the arm with a handgun for no reason, and everyone

1466
01:19:52,360 --> 01:19:55,559
Speaker 1: else in the crowd hangs out around them and does nothing. Um,

1467
01:19:56,320 --> 01:19:57,920
Speaker 1: and you complain about it, and they're like, well it

1468
01:19:58,040 --> 01:20:00,280
Speaker 1: was only one of us that shot you. Does does

1469
01:20:00,360 --> 01:20:04,479
Speaker 1: that matter? Not at all? Yeah? They're kind of all

1470
01:20:04,560 --> 01:20:06,880
Speaker 1: pieces of ship, right you kind of all just let

1471
01:20:06,960 --> 01:20:11,880
Speaker 1: me later. Yeah, kind of a ship party, yeah, like

1472
01:20:12,120 --> 01:20:16,880
Speaker 1: you are your home. Yeah. In two thousands, seventeen, a

1473
01:20:17,000 --> 01:20:20,679
Speaker 1: classified FBI counter terrorism policy guide was obtained by the Intercept.

1474
01:20:20,720 --> 01:20:22,160
Speaker 1: I don't know how they got this, but there are

1475
01:20:22,320 --> 01:20:25,400
Speaker 1: actually quite a few police FBI agents who are real

1476
01:20:25,479 --> 01:20:29,519
Speaker 1: piste about this problem and seemed to be vigorously leaking

1477
01:20:29,600 --> 01:20:33,080
Speaker 1: information to the press. Um In a section focused on

1478
01:20:33,160 --> 01:20:35,960
Speaker 1: how the bureau lists individuals on a terrorism watch list,

1479
01:20:36,080 --> 01:20:38,479
Speaker 1: the author's note that quote and again the authors being

1480
01:20:38,520 --> 01:20:43,000
Speaker 1: the FBI domestic terrorism investigations focused on militia extremist, white

1481
01:20:43,000 --> 01:20:47,000
Speaker 1: supremacist extremists, and sovereign citizen extremists often have identified active

1482
01:20:47,040 --> 01:20:50,120
Speaker 1: links to law enforcement officers. The FBI goes on to

1483
01:20:50,200 --> 01:20:52,280
Speaker 1: note that they had to alter some of their policies

1484
01:20:52,280 --> 01:20:54,560
Speaker 1: when dealing with local law enforcement to account for the

1485
01:20:54,600 --> 01:20:57,479
Speaker 1: fact that so many of them are members of extremist groups, Like,

1486
01:21:00,040 --> 01:21:02,840
Speaker 1: isn't too many? Yeah, we gotta, like, we've had to

1487
01:21:02,960 --> 01:21:05,920
Speaker 1: change how we interact with cops as the FBI because

1488
01:21:05,960 --> 01:21:10,840
Speaker 1: we're scared of you. Motherfucker's. Yeah. One of the one

1489
01:21:10,920 --> 01:21:14,160
Speaker 1: of the justifiable criticisms of of the series we're doing

1490
01:21:14,240 --> 01:21:15,760
Speaker 1: is that we're not really going to lean into the

1491
01:21:15,840 --> 01:21:18,000
Speaker 1: FBI much because I've kind of determined to focus on

1492
01:21:18,920 --> 01:21:22,200
Speaker 1: like cops, like like normal police law, like the folks

1493
01:21:22,280 --> 01:21:24,439
Speaker 1: in the street. Even though there is a very long

1494
01:21:24,640 --> 01:21:28,160
Speaker 1: and well worth discussing history of racism within the FBI. Um,

1495
01:21:28,400 --> 01:21:30,000
Speaker 1: we talk about that quite a bit, and our two

1496
01:21:30,040 --> 01:21:32,479
Speaker 1: part are on the bastards who killed the black panthers.

1497
01:21:32,600 --> 01:21:35,160
Speaker 1: Yeah we didn't. We'll get into it a bit next week. Um,

1498
01:21:35,520 --> 01:21:38,439
Speaker 1: but we're going to focus really on like you know,

1499
01:21:38,600 --> 01:21:41,600
Speaker 1: beat cops essentially, like what leads to them police departments,

1500
01:21:42,040 --> 01:21:44,560
Speaker 1: just because I can't. We can't do this for like

1501
01:21:44,640 --> 01:21:47,280
Speaker 1: ten straight weeks. Um, we both have other stuff we

1502
01:21:47,320 --> 01:21:51,439
Speaker 1: gotta deal with. Um. Yeah. The term ghost skins is

1503
01:21:51,520 --> 01:21:54,040
Speaker 1: often used by white supremacists to refer to folks who

1504
01:21:54,120 --> 01:21:57,000
Speaker 1: basically hide their power level to gain respected jobs in

1505
01:21:57,080 --> 01:22:01,000
Speaker 1: society and advanced white supremacy. Law enforcement is a particularly

1506
01:22:01,080 --> 01:22:03,439
Speaker 1: prized field for these ghost skins because it gives them

1507
01:22:03,520 --> 01:22:06,639
Speaker 1: virtually unchecked opportunities to do violence to non white people.

1508
01:22:07,080 --> 01:22:09,559
Speaker 1: One example of this would be a gang of officers

1509
01:22:09,600 --> 01:22:12,400
Speaker 1: within the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department who in nine

1510
01:22:13,200 --> 01:22:15,880
Speaker 1: embarked on a campaign of vandalism and the beating and

1511
01:22:16,000 --> 01:22:19,360
Speaker 1: torturing of black Californians. Have you heard of the Lynwood Vikings,

1512
01:22:19,560 --> 01:22:24,040
Speaker 1: prop Yes, I have. Yeah. The Lynwood Vikings were a

1513
01:22:24,240 --> 01:22:27,720
Speaker 1: violent Neo Nazi gang that committed arson and murder and

1514
01:22:27,880 --> 01:22:32,559
Speaker 1: torture on black Californians. And the gang was entirely made

1515
01:22:32,680 --> 01:22:36,280
Speaker 1: up of Los Angeles County Sheriff's officers. It was a

1516
01:22:36,400 --> 01:22:41,240
Speaker 1: neo Nazi gang that was all sheriff's officers. Let that

1517
01:22:41,320 --> 01:22:44,000
Speaker 1: sink in. Let that sink in. And now think of

1518
01:22:44,160 --> 01:22:46,719
Speaker 1: the young man who was recently found hung to death

1519
01:22:46,920 --> 01:22:52,439
Speaker 1: in Palmdale, California, and who was declared a suicide by

1520
01:22:53,120 --> 01:22:57,120
Speaker 1: Los Angeles Sheriff's Department, and then the Los Angeles Sheriff's

1521
01:22:57,160 --> 01:22:59,599
Speaker 1: Department was in a gunfight with his half brother where

1522
01:22:59,600 --> 01:23:02,920
Speaker 1: they old him a couple of days later, and that

1523
01:23:03,120 --> 01:23:06,360
Speaker 1: it is reported that the Palmdale chunk of the Los

1524
01:23:06,400 --> 01:23:09,240
Speaker 1: Angeles Sheriff's Department has what they called the news called

1525
01:23:09,360 --> 01:23:13,080
Speaker 1: cliques within it that were you might call them gangs,

1526
01:23:13,400 --> 01:23:16,840
Speaker 1: maybe like the Lynwood Vikings. Because this keeps happening weird,

1527
01:23:17,439 --> 01:23:21,479
Speaker 1: because this is not history. It's yeah, yeah, people need

1528
01:23:21,560 --> 01:23:24,519
Speaker 1: to know more about the Lynwood Vikings. Um yeah, yeah,

1529
01:23:25,040 --> 01:23:30,439
Speaker 1: so uh yeah, it's it's cool. We're gonna talk about

1530
01:23:30,520 --> 01:23:34,560
Speaker 1: John Burge in Chicago in the next episode. Um, but

1531
01:23:35,280 --> 01:23:37,439
Speaker 1: for right now. The intercept goes on to give a

1532
01:23:37,479 --> 01:23:39,519
Speaker 1: couple of other examples, and I'm gonna quote from their

1533
01:23:39,640 --> 01:23:42,360
Speaker 1: article again. In Cleveland, officials found that a number of

1534
01:23:42,400 --> 01:23:45,439
Speaker 1: police officers had scrolled racist or Nazi graffiti throughout their

1535
01:23:45,479 --> 01:23:48,559
Speaker 1: department's locker rooms. In Texas, to police officers were fired

1536
01:23:48,560 --> 01:23:50,560
Speaker 1: when it was discovered that they were klansmen. One of

1537
01:23:50,640 --> 01:23:52,919
Speaker 1: them said he had tried to boost the organization's membership

1538
01:23:52,960 --> 01:23:55,400
Speaker 1: by giving an application to a fellow officer he thought

1539
01:23:55,439 --> 01:24:00,960
Speaker 1: shared his white Christian heterosexual values. Now, in two thousand fifteen,

1540
01:24:01,120 --> 01:24:04,879
Speaker 1: to his very minor credit, FBI Director James Comey acknowledged

1541
01:24:04,880 --> 01:24:06,879
Speaker 1: in a speech that all of us in law enforcement

1542
01:24:06,960 --> 01:24:09,040
Speaker 1: must be honest enough to acknowledge that much of our

1543
01:24:09,120 --> 01:24:12,200
Speaker 1: history is not pretty. This is about as close as

1544
01:24:12,240 --> 01:24:14,000
Speaker 1: you're going to get to having an actual member of

1545
01:24:14,120 --> 01:24:17,200
Speaker 1: law enforce enforcement admit that, in fact, the cops and

1546
01:24:17,280 --> 01:24:21,599
Speaker 1: the clan regularly do go hand in hand. Um, yeah,

1547
01:24:22,080 --> 01:24:27,240
Speaker 1: so good stuff. Take a deep breath, everybody, good stuff.

1548
01:24:27,640 --> 01:24:36,120
Speaker 1: Yeah whoo whoo. To the rest of us, Yeah yeah,

1549
01:24:37,120 --> 01:24:43,360
Speaker 1: we're gonna talk about lynching on Thursday, Um, and we're

1550
01:24:43,400 --> 01:24:46,720
Speaker 1: going to talk about how the police defeated lynching by

1551
01:24:46,840 --> 01:24:53,880
Speaker 1: something that's arguably as bad. So yeah, yeah, yeah, I

1552
01:24:54,120 --> 01:24:58,920
Speaker 1: feel wonderful right now. I am. I didn't we didn't

1553
01:24:59,360 --> 01:25:03,559
Speaker 1: should have maybe not schedule this recording session for June tenth.

1554
01:25:03,680 --> 01:25:07,639
Speaker 1: I do feel I do feel bad about that. That's

1555
01:25:07,720 --> 01:25:11,160
Speaker 1: the day. My emotions are all over the place right now. Nah,

1556
01:25:11,320 --> 01:25:13,479
Speaker 1: it's all good, you know what I'm saying, Like, you know,

1557
01:25:13,680 --> 01:25:15,960
Speaker 1: in a lot of ways, like like we were talking

1558
01:25:16,000 --> 01:25:18,920
Speaker 1: off camera or off camera off mike, like, yeah, I don't,

1559
01:25:20,080 --> 01:25:23,360
Speaker 1: I don't know, because it's never actually we've never had

1560
01:25:23,400 --> 01:25:25,880
Speaker 1: to celebrate this holiday with anybody else. So there's no

1561
01:25:25,960 --> 01:25:30,680
Speaker 1: actual traditions for June except where to think about what

1562
01:25:31,120 --> 01:25:33,400
Speaker 1: all this ship. We didn't went through the fact that

1563
01:25:33,479 --> 01:25:35,360
Speaker 1: we survived it, you know what I'm saying. That's usually

1564
01:25:35,360 --> 01:25:37,719
Speaker 1: which and then we go down to you know, crunchhaw

1565
01:25:37,800 --> 01:25:43,160
Speaker 1: and eat some barbecue. But I'm like, this is actually great.

1566
01:25:43,240 --> 01:25:46,240
Speaker 1: It's like look and and maybe we'll end it on

1567
01:25:46,280 --> 01:25:49,639
Speaker 1: a high note. It's like and yet we still exist, yea,

1568
01:25:50,120 --> 01:25:54,320
Speaker 1: and yet we still are here, you know, and like

1569
01:25:54,520 --> 01:26:00,280
Speaker 1: have been forcing the situation to suck less consistently for

1570
01:26:01,600 --> 01:26:06,120
Speaker 1: a couple of centuries of fighting like trench like the

1571
01:26:06,200 --> 01:26:12,479
Speaker 1: emotional equivalent of trench warfare. Um, yeah, yeah, yeah. And

1572
01:26:12,640 --> 01:26:15,400
Speaker 1: I guess a good tradition for white folks like myself

1573
01:26:15,479 --> 01:26:18,120
Speaker 1: and like Sophie is too, is to do this. It's

1574
01:26:18,160 --> 01:26:27,840
Speaker 1: just been June tenth going like Jesus Christ, oh good god. Um,

1575
01:26:28,240 --> 01:26:30,160
Speaker 1: prop you've got any plug doubles to plug before we

1576
01:26:30,280 --> 01:26:34,160
Speaker 1: roll out of here? Yeah, propit pop dot com. Uh

1577
01:26:34,439 --> 01:26:38,080
Speaker 1: got a bunch of new merge. Um. California has now

1578
01:26:38,200 --> 01:26:40,680
Speaker 1: required face masks, So I got some face masks there

1579
01:26:41,840 --> 01:26:47,280
Speaker 1: that flat earther neighbors required by state. Yeah, you got

1580
01:26:47,360 --> 01:26:50,960
Speaker 1: flat earther neighbors. Can we just pause for that way?

1581
01:26:51,040 --> 01:26:56,560
Speaker 1: I mean, statistically we all do now. Yeah, there's like

1582
01:26:57,320 --> 01:27:00,360
Speaker 1: I had the building make like red signs that say

1583
01:27:00,479 --> 01:27:03,360
Speaker 1: to wear face masks, and the elevator and Karen and

1584
01:27:03,520 --> 01:27:05,439
Speaker 1: Ken I don't know their fucking names. I hate them

1585
01:27:05,600 --> 01:27:08,040
Speaker 1: of course, of course, just walk around like deep deep deep,

1586
01:27:08,920 --> 01:27:10,840
Speaker 1: and then I'm like, hey, how about a face mask?

1587
01:27:10,920 --> 01:27:12,559
Speaker 1: And they kind of just look at me like I've

1588
01:27:12,760 --> 01:27:15,479
Speaker 1: said something in a language they don't understand and run away.

1589
01:27:15,680 --> 01:27:19,680
Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, so yeah, go get some coffee, Go get

1590
01:27:19,680 --> 01:27:25,080
Speaker 1: some face masks, got some new water flask to merge

1591
01:27:25,160 --> 01:27:28,639
Speaker 1: you guys, dude, thank you. And it's all earth friendly.

1592
01:27:28,880 --> 01:27:32,080
Speaker 1: It's all like zero waste, like that's how it works.

1593
01:27:32,120 --> 01:27:35,760
Speaker 1: You know what I'm saying, recyclable the materials recyclable, you know,

1594
01:27:36,200 --> 01:27:39,360
Speaker 1: is recycled material. You know what I'm saying. I'm out here.

1595
01:27:39,520 --> 01:27:41,799
Speaker 1: I'm out here like being a good part of Portland's

1596
01:27:43,600 --> 01:27:50,200
Speaker 1: or earth sensitive. Hell yeah, well that's the episode. Um

1597
01:27:51,920 --> 01:27:58,680
Speaker 1: go go do some stuff. Yeah. Behind the Police is

1598
01:27:58,720 --> 01:28:01,200
Speaker 1: a production of I Heart Radio. For more podcasts from

1599
01:28:01,240 --> 01:28:04,600
Speaker 1: my Heart Radio, visit the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,

1600
01:28:04,840 --> 01:28:06,920
Speaker 1: or wherever you get your podcasts.