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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Katie Lambert and I'm Sarah Dowdy. And we recently

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Speaker 1: did a podcast on Queen Elizabeth the First and it

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Speaker 1: got us thinking about her most important relationships while she

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Speaker 1: was queen, and today we're going to focus on her

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Speaker 1: relationship with her cousin and fellow Queen Mary Stewart, possibly

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Speaker 1: her greatest rival. And since we already talked about Elizabeth's

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Speaker 1: early life, let's talk a little bit about Mary Stewart's.

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Speaker 1: Unlike Elizabeth, she was born a queen. She was the

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Speaker 1: child of King James the fifth of Scotland and his

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Speaker 1: French wife, Mary of Gus, But her father died six

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Speaker 1: days after her birth, and this causes a little trouble

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Speaker 1: for baby Mary. It does her grandmother is the sister

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Speaker 1: of Henry the eighth, so he immediately makes an attempt

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Speaker 1: to control her, but the regency instead goes to her mother.

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Speaker 1: Henry keeps at it and pursues what's called the rough

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Speaker 1: wooing between his young son and Mary, hoping to make

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Speaker 1: an alliance there. Um Mary's mother instead sends her off

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Speaker 1: to France to be raised in the court of Henry

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Speaker 1: the second in Catherine de Medici, And this was the nicest,

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Speaker 1: most luxurious court in Europe at the time, so Mary

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Speaker 1: was in good hands and she had a lot of

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Speaker 1: French relatives there. And again, unlike Elizabeth, she had a

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Speaker 1: fairly happy childhood. It wasn't so stable childhood, right, And

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Speaker 1: Mary grows up to be a beautiful young lady. She's

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Speaker 1: about five eleven, very tall, remarkably tall for the Renaissance. Yes,

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Speaker 1: she's got red gold hair and ambered eyes. Yeah. Mary

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Speaker 1: is really the perfect Renaissance princess. When she finally marries

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Speaker 1: Henry and Catherine's eldest son, Frances in fifteen fifty eight,

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Speaker 1: and they like each other. They've been raised pretty much

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Speaker 1: as siblings, but it's the marriage probably isn't consummated. He's

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Speaker 1: a few years younger than her, and he's very sickly,

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Speaker 1: and she thinks of him fondly, but more in a

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Speaker 1: brotherly sort of way than in a husbandly sort of way.

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Speaker 1: Also in fifteen fifty eight, where the parallels start, Elizabeth

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Speaker 1: the first as sends to the throne, so Mary, through

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Speaker 1: the tutor line, is next in line, but Henry had

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Speaker 1: in order of succession that had muddled things up a bit.

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Speaker 1: Catholics actually would consider Mary the Queen of England already

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Speaker 1: because Elizabeth. They don't recognize Elizabeth's parents marriage that of

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Speaker 1: Henry the Eighth to Anne Berleyn So to them, Elizabeth

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Speaker 1: is a courtesan's bastard right. And in fifteen fifty nine

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Speaker 1: Frances becomes king and Mary is his queen consort, and

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Speaker 1: she begins putting on airs as far as this whole

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Speaker 1: Queen of England things go, because she's safe, comfortable and

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Speaker 1: powerful in France. She has very powerful in laws, and

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Speaker 1: she can do what she wants with impunity. She certainly

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Speaker 1: doesn't try to disabuse anybody of the idea that she's

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Speaker 1: the rightful Queen of England. Um. She and Frances actually

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Speaker 1: start quartering their arms with that of England, so they're

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Speaker 1: proclaiming themselves rulers of France, Scotland and England, which is

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Speaker 1: not something that's going to make Elizabeth very happy, you know.

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Speaker 1: And in a sense of course, Mary, by Henry's order

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Speaker 1: of succession had been disinherited or her line had been

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Speaker 1: so this does make sense. But the trouble between the

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Speaker 1: two queens begins around fifteen sixty when Mary refuses to

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Speaker 1: sign the Treaty of Edinburgh, and the basic back story

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Speaker 1: on that there's been a long alliance between France and

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Speaker 1: Scotland and it's getting less and less popular with the

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Speaker 1: increasingly Protestant Scottish lords who are ready to see themselves

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Speaker 1: free to France, and England backs them, and uh, they

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Speaker 1: put together the Treaty of Edinburgh, and obviously, Mary, as

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Speaker 1: Queen Consort of France as well as Queen of Scotland,

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Speaker 1: can't uh can't advocate breaking up this relationship. She embodies

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Speaker 1: this relationship, and she'd also have to then officially recognize

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Speaker 1: Elizabeth as the Queen of England instead of herself. It's

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Speaker 1: tantamount to renouncing her own claim to the English throne.

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Speaker 1: But further muddling matters at the time, her husband Francis

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Speaker 1: dies of an ear infection, so she's eighteen, she's dowager

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Speaker 1: queen in France, and it is time for Mary to

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Speaker 1: return home to Scotland, where again she hasn't been since

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Speaker 1: she was a baby. So things start to get more

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Speaker 1: personal around now. She asks Elizabeth for safe conduct crossing

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Speaker 1: the channels should she be forced to land on English soil.

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Speaker 1: Elizabeth gives her a pretty snappy answer, which she actually

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Speaker 1: sails before she can even receive it. But there would

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Speaker 1: be no safe conduct and no welcome for the Queen

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Speaker 1: of Scott's and her cousin's realm until she had fulfilled

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Speaker 1: her obligations by ratifying the treaty, as she was an

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Speaker 1: honor bound to do, and Mary was pretty much just

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Speaker 1: sorry she'd asked. He was offended by this response, and

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Speaker 1: the international community also wasn't thrilled with Elizabeth's behavior. They

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Speaker 1: thought she's hassling her young, beautiful, newly widowed cousin and

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Speaker 1: it's something queen right. So Elizabeth comes back from that

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Speaker 1: and tries to play nice and tells Mary that in

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Speaker 1: fact they do have a sisterly friendship and after all,

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Speaker 1: she didn't send her navy after her. It was very benevolent.

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Speaker 1: The essential fact here is that Mary as a teen

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Speaker 1: queen consort over in France is one thing to Elizabeth,

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Speaker 1: but Mary, Queen of Scott's back on the marriage market

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Speaker 1: is another issue. Entirely right, because with Mary coming back

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Speaker 1: to Scotland, Elizabeth now has a dynastic threat. There's also

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Speaker 1: the possibility of religious conflict because Mary had told the

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Speaker 1: Pope she intended to restore the Catholic faith to Scotland

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Speaker 1: and its Protestant and Elizabeth is a staunch Protestant as well.

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Speaker 1: And she was also extremely pretty, extremely powerful and a

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Speaker 1: rival to all of Elizabeth's potential suit Elizabeth isn't the

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Speaker 1: most eligible queen in Europe anymore, and that really bugs her.

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Speaker 1: But on the other hand, she sees Mary as a

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Speaker 1: potential compatriot. She is her cousin after all, and she's

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Speaker 1: a fellow female monarch, which is a a very unique

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Speaker 1: situation to be in. So Mary returns to Scotland in

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Speaker 1: fifteen sixty one, and her life as a potential queen

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Speaker 1: consort in this fancy French court has made it very

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Speaker 1: difficult for her to know how to run things. She

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Speaker 1: simply hasn't been raised that way and she doesn't have

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Speaker 1: the tools she needs to be as powerful as she

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Speaker 1: needs to be. She hasn't been raised and educated as

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Speaker 1: a prince. She's been educated as a as a queen consort,

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Speaker 1: and that's a very different, different job. And most troublesome

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Speaker 1: of all are these Scottish nobles. The Scottish nobles are

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Speaker 1: really difficult to deal with. They're more interested in um

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Speaker 1: fluffing up their own feathers, kind of in having private feuds.

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Speaker 1: They're always feuding with each other then supporting the crown.

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Speaker 1: And we have to consider to um, there's been a

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Speaker 1: regency while the queen has been in a minority for

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Speaker 1: eighteen years, so they haven't had a strong ruler for

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Speaker 1: a generation. But Mary does okay, at least at first

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Speaker 1: um with her illegitimate half brother James, Earl of Moray,

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Speaker 1: she comes to a sort of policy of religious tolerance,

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Speaker 1: so at least in that respect there's no more fighting

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Speaker 1: or things are at somewhat of a piece as far

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Speaker 1: as religion. She can practice her Catholic religion but not

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Speaker 1: pull up a Mary Tutor for instance, and have everyone

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Speaker 1: burned at the stake. And some people are happy to

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Speaker 1: have her there because again they've had that regions se

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Speaker 1: for so long. They haven't had a monarch around in

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Speaker 1: a long time. And she is beautiful and charming and

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Speaker 1: pleasant to be around, so you know, maybe she'll be

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Speaker 1: good for Scotland after all. And when she gets back

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Speaker 1: to Scotland, she immediately starts working on Elizabeth to be

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Speaker 1: named Elizabeth's Air, of which, as we said earlier, um

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Speaker 1: by birth she she would be, but she's sort of

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Speaker 1: downgraded her ambitions at this point. She's not trying to

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Speaker 1: be named. She's calling herself Queen of England now quartering

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Speaker 1: her arms. She just wants to be Elizabeth's air. And

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Speaker 1: Mary likes and dislikes Elizabeth as well. These aren't just

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Speaker 1: complicated feelings on Elizabeth's part, because on one hand, Elizabeth

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Speaker 1: has been helping the Protestants cause trouble for Mary in Scotland,

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Speaker 1: but friendly relationships would only help. They both realize it

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Speaker 1: would benefit them to be friendly, right, But Elizabeth can't

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Speaker 1: name Mary her air. And this is what's at least

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Speaker 1: someone at the cry box of their relationship, because that's

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Speaker 1: one of the reasons Elizabeth never wanted to get married

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Speaker 1: at all. She didn't want to name an air in

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Speaker 1: her lifetime because it would be a threat to her.

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Speaker 1: And there's a really good quote about that. Yeah, she says,

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Speaker 1: thank you that I could love my winding sheet when

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Speaker 1: his example show princess cannot even love their children that

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Speaker 1: are to succeed them, And she goes on to say

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Speaker 1: that she's been a witness to this, uh, this desire

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Speaker 1: to overthrow the current prince with whoever, whoever the heir

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Speaker 1: is uh, something she's seen in her sister's lifetime. When

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Speaker 1: Mary Tudor was queen, people were saying it's time for Elizabeth.

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Speaker 1: Elizabeth should be queen instead. So she knows what it's like,

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Speaker 1: and so her fear and reluctance and that context makes

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Speaker 1: sense with her being friends with Mary, but they aren't

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Speaker 1: quite cordial, at least for a time, and Mary is

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Speaker 1: even a bit courtly. On seeing her cousin Elizabeth's portrait,

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Speaker 1: she said she wished that one of them was a

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Speaker 1: man so that their kingdoms could be united by marital alliance,

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Speaker 1: which we thought was really interesting because of course that

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Speaker 1: is how you played the game. Then you married off

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Speaker 1: eligible people to create these political alliances. But when you

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Speaker 1: have these two two single queens, you can't do the stalemate.

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Speaker 1: What's going to happen. One of them is going to win,

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Speaker 1: and we'll see which one a little bit later. So

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Speaker 1: they both really want to meet each other, though, and

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Speaker 1: they come pretty close to it in fifteen sixty two,

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Speaker 1: but a religious war between the Catholics and Huguenots and

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Speaker 1: France upsets the meeting and they're really devastated by it.

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Speaker 1: Mary apparently cried all day and it was only consoled

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Speaker 1: when somebody told her that Elizabeth was just as upset.

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Speaker 1: So there's a real personal element to this relationship too.

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Speaker 1: They're curious about each other. But the thorn and their relationship,

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Speaker 1: of course, is the fact that they both are two

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Speaker 1: single queens. But Elizabeth has of course set herself up

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Speaker 1: as the Virgin Queen, a reputation she's worked very hard

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Speaker 1: to maintain haying, whereas Mary, on the other hand, temperamentally

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Speaker 1: isn't suited to be single. She doesn't want to be,

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Speaker 1: and she also has to think about the interests of Scotland.

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Speaker 1: It is in her interest to get married, but of

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Speaker 1: course any choice she makes, much like Elizabeth, is pretty

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Speaker 1: much impossible. Yeah, Elizabeth thinks that she'll be okay with

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Speaker 1: Mary's choice as long as it's somebody agreeable to the English,

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Speaker 1: namely not a Catholic prince from Spain, Austria or France,

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Speaker 1: which would be a very powerful alliance that Elizabeth does

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Speaker 1: not want to happen. So instead she offers up a

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Speaker 1: man named Robert Dudley and we'll talk about him more

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Speaker 1: in another podcast and relationship to Elizabeth. But he was

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Speaker 1: Elizabeth's great love, so this is a weird match, right,

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Speaker 1: And it was also an insulting one to Mary because

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Speaker 1: Dudley was of low birth and he's tainted because he's

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Speaker 1: implicated in the very mysterious death of his wife. So

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Speaker 1: Mary is genuinely insulted by this idea of a match.

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Speaker 1: He's kind of Elizabeth's reject. Elizabeth can't marry him herself

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Speaker 1: at this point, and Dudley is not interested in this

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Speaker 1: match either, so he doesn't want to move to Scotland

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Speaker 1: and leave Elizabeth. No, so she's game playing a little bit.

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Speaker 1: And Mary herself is trying to arrange something with Don Carlos,

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Speaker 1: who is Philip the Second's Air and it's good this

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Speaker 1: doesn't work out because Don Carlos is not a great guy. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so Mary declines an invitation to meet with Elizabeth, which

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Speaker 1: of course greatly offends Elizabeth and um. Eventually Mary's advisers, Uh, right,

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Speaker 1: to Elizabeth's advisor, my guys will call your guys and

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Speaker 1: tell her that Mary won't even consider marrying Dudley. Unless

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Speaker 1: Elizabeth would settle the succession on her and after that

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Speaker 1: Elizabeth's quiet, the game is over. Mary has has called

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Speaker 1: her on it, basically, But at this point another possible

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Speaker 1: suitor enters the game, and his name is Lord Darnley.

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Speaker 1: So Lord Darnley made a little shot at Mary when

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Speaker 1: she was first widowed. His mother sent him to France

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Speaker 1: to press his suit with with Mary. She wasn't interested

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Speaker 1: at the time, UM. But Elizabeth was very disturbed by

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Speaker 1: this because Lord Darnley is also a tutor claimant. He's

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Speaker 1: a cousin of Mary's. Um. Elizabeth doesn't want any consolidation

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Speaker 1: of the tutor claims, so when Darnley returns from France,

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Speaker 1: she has him and his mother arrested. But by this time,

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Speaker 1: if patch things up, Elizabeth is okay with him again.

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Speaker 1: She lets Darnley go to Scotland on family business, whatever

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Speaker 1: that might be. UM. And it's kind of suspicious here

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Speaker 1: because she knows what Darnley's intention is regarding Mary. Not honorable,

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Speaker 1: let's put it that way, or at least honorable Mary Mary.

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Speaker 1: But he's not an honorable guy. There's several accounts of

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Speaker 1: him being basically someone who's really nice on the outside,

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Speaker 1: and once you get to know him, you realize justice

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Speaker 1: how bad is So it's kind of suspicious that Elizabeth

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Speaker 1: is sending him. She might know how this all plays

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Speaker 1: out right and be planning this is something that could

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Speaker 1: possibly ruined marry So three nights before Darnley arrives, spectral

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Speaker 1: warriors are seen fighting in the streets of Edinburgh at midnight,

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Speaker 1: and I think, good. You can all agree that's a

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Speaker 1: bad omen. And soon enough Mary welcomes him, and soon

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Speaker 1: enough falls in love with him. They're both young, they're

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Speaker 1: both very attractive, and as Katie said earlier, being single

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Speaker 1: does not suit Mary. And they announced their engagement and

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Speaker 1: then I love this. So Elizabeth has let Darnley go

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Speaker 1: to Scotland, knowing what might happen, but she completely plays

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Speaker 1: dumb and is shocked by the engagement and arrest Darnley's mother,

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Speaker 1: and Mary, quite quite understandably is saying, hey, I thought

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Speaker 1: you wanted me to marry an English guy, and I am.

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Speaker 1: So they get married in July of fifteen sixty five,

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Speaker 1: and it is quickly revealed to Mary that she has

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Speaker 1: made a very bad choice. Darnley is simply not a

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Speaker 1: good guy and it's not just her who decides to

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Speaker 1: hate him, it's all of these Scottish lords. Those contentious

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Speaker 1: lords do not like Darnley, and things get really bad

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Speaker 1: by March fifteen sixty six, so less than a year

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Speaker 1: after the marriage. Uh in the Retzo murder, Darnley and

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Speaker 1: other lord's plot to murder Mary's favorite in front of her.

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Speaker 1: She's heavily pregnant by this point, and they're hoping that

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Speaker 1: she'll be so shocked by seeing this man killed in

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Speaker 1: front of her, you know, at her feet essentially, that

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Speaker 1: she'll be dehabilitated and Darnley will act as maybe a

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Speaker 1: regent or maybe a king. It's just completely delusional thinking,

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Speaker 1: because no one would have ever let that happen. Again,

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Speaker 1: they hated. So Mary is confined for a few days,

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Speaker 1: and she is much brighter than her somewhat dimwitted husband,

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Speaker 1: and she convinces him that the conspirators are going to

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Speaker 1: go after him next. There's no way he's going to

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Speaker 1: be a regent or a co ruler or something now,

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Speaker 1: So she gets all of his conspirator's names out of him,

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Speaker 1: and they end up escaping through servant quarters and ride

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Speaker 1: twenty five miles to safety once again while she's heavily pregnant. Um.

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Speaker 1: The relations between Elizabeth and Mary actually improve after this

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Speaker 1: after obviously Elizabeth was disappointed with Mary's choice of husband

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Speaker 1: and things have gotten a little frosty there. But Elizabeth

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Speaker 1: is so horrified that something like this would happen in

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Speaker 1: front of a fellow sovereign queen, an anointed queen um,

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Speaker 1: that she warms up to Mary again right and when

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Speaker 1: Mary gives birth to her son, James in June fIF

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Speaker 1: sixty six, she names Elizabeth as the godmother, and in

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Speaker 1: a fun little story, Elizabeth ends a gold font for

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Speaker 1: the baby, but not realizing that the baptism took place

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Speaker 1: a few months after the birth font she sent was

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Speaker 1: much too small. She's really embarrassed for fat little baby

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Speaker 1: game Um. But the birth doesn't help Mary and Darnley reconcile,

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Speaker 1: and she's starting to think, Okay, I have a male air.

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Speaker 1: How can I get rid of this husband? She was

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Speaker 1: really upset about the prospect of spending her days with him,

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Speaker 1: but annulment is out of the question because that would

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Speaker 1: mean that James is illegitimate and she can't do that.

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Speaker 1: She needs an air, so her options are pretty much

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Speaker 1: divorce or arresting him for treason, but the question is

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Speaker 1: answered for her in fifteen sixty seven. So on the

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Speaker 1: night of February nine, Mary is supposed to spend the

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Speaker 1: night with Darnley, but she realizes that the last minute

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Speaker 1: that she has a mask to attend and goes out. Meanwhile,

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Speaker 1: Darnley's room is blown up seriously and he runs out

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Speaker 1: into the night naked and is strangled to death. That's

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Speaker 1: quite a story, and we're going to talk about it

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Speaker 1: more later because it's too good to pass up now.

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Speaker 1: That'll be a different podcast. But after his death, Mary

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Speaker 1: doesn't conduct herself in the wisest manner. In fact, she

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Speaker 1: marries the chief suspect, James Hepburn, who is the fourth

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Speaker 1: oral of bothwell, just three months after the death, and

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Speaker 1: also after he abduct and ravished her according to accounts,

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Speaker 1: and that's always been unclear. Was it a willing abduction

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Speaker 1: or did this guy just steal her for real? And

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Speaker 1: he's married at the time, so he's granted a divorce

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Speaker 1: to marry her. So again, things aren't looking so great

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Speaker 1: as far as Mary's choices are going. But she may

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Speaker 1: just have been very simple sad at that point, she's

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Speaker 1: in ill health. She needs a strong man to help

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Speaker 1: her manage Scotland. She's already married once badly, and she's

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Speaker 1: you know, got her heir and has to figure out

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Speaker 1: how she's going to live the rest of her life.

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Speaker 1: But Elizabeth is disgusted by Mary's actions and um she

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Speaker 1: even compares them to her own relation with her true

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Speaker 1: love Dudley and his wife's mysterious death, and how she's

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Speaker 1: conducted herself so properly after this, uh, contrasted with Mary

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Speaker 1: running away with this guy. Elizabeth even wants little Prince

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Speaker 1: James sent to England so she can rear him under

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Speaker 1: her protection rather than him being with Mary and this

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Speaker 1: strange new man. But Mary and Bothwell part ways on

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Speaker 1: June fifteen sixty seven. Uh. He's forced into exile and

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Speaker 1: imprisonment by those lords who you know, having just gotten

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Speaker 1: rid of Darnley, they're not willing to to put up

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Speaker 1: with Bothwell. Um. But Mary herself is imprisoned on a

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Speaker 1: tiny island in the middle of a lock and deposed

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Speaker 1: in favor of her one year old son, James, and

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Speaker 1: Elizabeth is completely outraged. She was outraged by Mary's actions

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Speaker 1: to begin with. But now she's even more outraged by

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Speaker 1: what the Scottish lords have done by deposing Mary, because

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Speaker 1: Elizabeth has very strong viewpoints about again appropriate behavior one

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Speaker 1: and about the monarchy and how an anointed queen a

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Speaker 1: sovereign and this was simply inappropriate. And a lot of

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Speaker 1: historians have suggested that if Elizabeth hadn't protested so much

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Speaker 1: against their actions, and the Scottish lords would have executed

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Speaker 1: Mary without much to do at all. Um And and

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Speaker 1: that really is the crux of their relationship. This, this

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Speaker 1: is why Elizabeth hesitates over the Mary question for so long,

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Speaker 1: because actively trying to depose or sentenced to death a

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Speaker 1: fellow monarch sets a really dangerous precedent and it's not

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Speaker 1: something Elizabeth wants to get into. But in contrast all

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Speaker 1: these helpful things she's doing at the same time, in

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Speaker 1: March of fifteen sixty eight, Elizabeth is eyeing Mary's jewels,

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Speaker 1: which of course have been put up for auction, and

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Speaker 1: she outbids Catherine de Medici for her pearls, and you'll

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Speaker 1: see them in several portrait. Mary is briefly liberated the

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Speaker 1: following year, and uh tries to seek refuge in England

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Speaker 1: with her cousin Elizabeth. She's probably thinking Elizabeth has been

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Speaker 1: pretty nice and helpful lately, but this is a really

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Speaker 1: bad move because Elizabeth uses as an excuse issues surrounding

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Speaker 1: Darnley's murder and holds Mary in a series of prisons

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Speaker 1: for the next eighteen years. And the English tribunal delivers

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Speaker 1: the only verdict they can against Mary because there's nothing

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Speaker 1: that can be proved. But Elizabeth can't let her go either,

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Speaker 1: because Mary at this point has gotten interested again in

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Speaker 1: claiming the English throne because she doesn't want the Scottish

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Speaker 1: one back, and I mean, really would you. It's pretty understandable,

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Speaker 1: and the tempo of her life has changed at this point.

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Speaker 1: She's gone from being this romantic, adventurous figure in this

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Speaker 1: whirlwind life is fleeing on horseback exactly to spending twenty

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Speaker 1: years in prison, practicing her religion and working on her embroidery. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: she's her embroidery is kind of an interesting side note.

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Speaker 1: There actually been books written solely about Mary's embroidery. She

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Speaker 1: was really good at it, but she would use symbolism.

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Speaker 1: I really liked rendering of a ginger cat playing with

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Speaker 1: a mouse, which was a reference to the red hair

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Speaker 1: to Elizabeth toying with poor little mouse Mary. But most

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Speaker 1: of her time in prison is really sad, and her

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Speaker 1: health suffers, her beauty diminishes, and she resolves to get

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Speaker 1: out first by pleading with Elizabeth. But also she is scheming.

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Speaker 1: From the very beginning. Elizabeth's chief advisor actually warns her

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Speaker 1: the Queen of Scott's is and always shall be a

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Speaker 1: dangerous person to your estate, and that is very much true.

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Speaker 1: Mary has started plogging against Elizabeth almost as soon as

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Speaker 1: she was in England um and unfortunately she's the numb

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Speaker 1: or one hope for English Catholics. So basically, any rebellion

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Speaker 1: you have that's trying to unsee Elizabeth is going to

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Speaker 1: look to Mary as the woman to put on the

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Speaker 1: throne in her stead. And one of the plots in

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Speaker 1: fifteen seventy was a big deal, the Rodolphie plot, which

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Speaker 1: was your average run of the mill Catholic plot to

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Speaker 1: assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary. But after this

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Speaker 1: particular event, Elizabeth never again considers restoring Mary, and she

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Speaker 1: recognizes James the sixth as King of Scotland. But Mary's

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Speaker 1: security gets tighter around four She's been living as a

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Speaker 1: queen imprisoned, but it goes into major lockdown mode by

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Speaker 1: this point, and there are also new laws against plotting

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Speaker 1: treason in England by this point, and Elizabeth is afraid

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Speaker 1: that she might have to kill Mary under them and

385
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Speaker 1: goes to the now grown James and asks if you

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Speaker 1: and your mother would be willing to co role, and

387
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Speaker 1: he's unwilling to do this. He's seeing a future for

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Speaker 1: himself as um not only king of Scotland, but King

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Speaker 1: of England, and uh. Elizabeth tries to hide this betrayal

390
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Speaker 1: from Mary, which was kind, but the end finally happens

391
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Speaker 1: in a plot that was sent through beer barrels. Mary

392
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Speaker 1: is under this heavy security, but these beer barrels are

393
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Speaker 1: like the one one chink in the armor. But even then,

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Speaker 1: even after yet another plot comes up where it's clear

395
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Speaker 1: to Elizabeth that Mary is still conspiring against her, she

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Speaker 1: wavers for months about doing anything about it. She even

397
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Speaker 1: declares I am not free but a captive. She knows

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Speaker 1: that their lives are entwined together forever, and finally, though,

399
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Speaker 1: Mary is executed in February eight and she goes to

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Speaker 1: her death in a very dignified manner and when the

401
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Speaker 1: fact of her death is broken to Elizabeth, she's almost hysterical.

402
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Speaker 1: She dresses in morn, she cries, she rages against those

403
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Speaker 1: who drove her to do this, so much so that

404
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Speaker 1: her advisors get out of town because worried for their right.

405
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Speaker 1: And she's also afraid, truly deeply afraid, that God will

406
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Speaker 1: punish her for what she's done. And she's part of

407
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Speaker 1: this is certainly personal. This was a hard personal decision

408
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Speaker 1: for Elizabeth to make, but she's also worried that her

409
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Speaker 1: international reputation will be shot, that she's put Catholic martyr

410
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Speaker 1: to death, not just a treasonous queen um. And some

411
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Speaker 1: of this rage and these crying fits are to show

412
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Speaker 1: the world that she's upset by this. So while the

413
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Speaker 1: relationship between the Thistle and the Rose came to a

414
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Speaker 1: bloody end, the interesting thing is that despite this long

415
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Speaker 1: history they have with one another, they've never met no

416
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Speaker 1: and Mary never stopped pleading for personal contacts. She was

417
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Speaker 1: a very charming woman, and she was sure that she

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Speaker 1: could charm her cousin too. And Elizabeth was interested at

419
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Speaker 1: first in this, but became more and more distant, and

420
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Speaker 1: she's she's afraid of the charm. She's afraid that Mary

421
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Speaker 1: will enchant her, or worse, upstage her, be prettier and

422
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Speaker 1: more impressive than the great Queen Elizabeth. She said at

423
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Speaker 1: one point, there's something sublime in the words and bearing

424
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Speaker 1: of the Queen of Scott's that constrains even her enemies

425
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Speaker 1: to speak well of her. And again, since they never met,

426
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Speaker 1: they had the opportunity to make the other one larger

427
00:26:33,880 --> 00:26:37,720
Speaker 1: than life in their minds less excuse me, more than human.

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00:26:38,880 --> 00:26:43,399
Speaker 1: And it's funny too to consider their reputations. Elizabeth always

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00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:46,919
Speaker 1: played up the masculinity of her strength, even though she

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00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:50,720
Speaker 1: was a very emotional woman, and Mary has always been

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00:26:50,720 --> 00:26:56,400
Speaker 1: seen as the emotional one, even though honestly she's more ruthless.

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00:26:56,440 --> 00:26:59,520
Speaker 1: She would have seen Elizabeth murdered because she was so

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00:26:59,720 --> 00:27:03,479
Speaker 1: dust for it. Well, Elizabeth takes forever to sentence her

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00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:07,320
Speaker 1: to death. So between this battle of the rival queens,

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00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:10,840
Speaker 1: they both end up winning and losing. In the end,

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00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:16,000
Speaker 1: Elizabeth makes James her Air, and every British monarch since

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00:27:16,040 --> 00:27:19,199
Speaker 1: then has been a descendant of Mary. But James, of

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00:27:19,240 --> 00:27:22,920
Speaker 1: course was a Protestant Air, which was the cause dear

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00:27:22,960 --> 00:27:26,440
Speaker 1: to Elizabeth's heart and the best conclusion to this story

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00:27:26,800 --> 00:27:30,679
Speaker 1: is that when James becomes king, he brings his mother's

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00:27:30,760 --> 00:27:35,199
Speaker 1: remains to Westminster Abbey and builds a magnificent marble tomb

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00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:39,240
Speaker 1: for the lady Chapel, with a Scottish lion at her feet,

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00:27:39,680 --> 00:27:42,960
Speaker 1: and the tomb lies just across the aisle from you

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00:27:43,080 --> 00:27:46,840
Speaker 1: guessed at that of Elizabeth together forever. So we will

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00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:49,800
Speaker 1: end with the words of Elizabeth, who wrote a sonnet

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00:27:49,840 --> 00:27:53,120
Speaker 1: about Mary and said, the daughter of Debate, that eke

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00:27:53,200 --> 00:27:56,720
Speaker 1: discord doth so shall reap no gain where former rule

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00:27:56,800 --> 00:28:00,240
Speaker 1: has taught still peace to grow. So, Katie, is that

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00:28:00,280 --> 00:28:02,600
Speaker 1: about someone up? I think that does it for today.

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00:28:02,680 --> 00:28:05,000
Speaker 1: But if you'd like to learn more about the Queens

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00:28:05,040 --> 00:28:08,280
Speaker 1: of old, check out our article how Royalty Works, and

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00:28:08,320 --> 00:28:11,440
Speaker 1: look for our blogs on the homepage at www dot

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00:28:11,480 --> 00:28:15,080
Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. For more on this and

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00:28:15,119 --> 00:28:18,880
Speaker 1: thousands of other topics, visit how stuff works dot com.

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00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:21,119
Speaker 1: Let us know what you think. Send an email to

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00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:24,240
Speaker 1: podcast at how stuff works dot com and be sure

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00:28:24,280 --> 00:28:26,240
Speaker 1: to check out this stuff he missed in History Class

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00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:28,600
Speaker 1: blog on the how stuff works dot com home page