WEBVTT - It Could Happen Here Weekly 204 0:00:01.720 --> 0:00:03.120 Al Zone Media. 0:00:03.320 --> 0:00:05.720 Hey everybody, Robert Evans here, and I wanted to let 0:00:05.800 --> 0:00:09.400 you know this is a compilation episode, So every episode 0:00:09.560 --> 0:00:12.680 of the week that just happened is here in one 0:00:12.800 --> 0:00:16.560 convenient and with somewhat less ads package for you to 0:00:16.560 --> 0:00:19.040 listen to in a long stretch if you want. If 0:00:19.040 --> 0:00:21.000 you've been listening to the episodes every day this week, 0:00:21.040 --> 0:00:23.200 there's gotta be nothing new here for you, but you 0:00:23.239 --> 0:00:25.320 can make your own decisions. 0:00:29.160 --> 0:00:32.640 Hello, this is Mia from the Future. The whole crew 0:00:32.880 --> 0:00:35.400 is off this week, so you'll be getting a series 0:00:35.440 --> 0:00:39.800 of episodes from our past, and this episode in particular, 0:00:40.280 --> 0:00:42.600 I wanted to rerun for Indigenous People's Day, but it 0:00:42.680 --> 0:00:47.920 is also from before I came out, So hope you 0:00:47.960 --> 0:00:50.440 all enjoy and we will be back next week. 0:00:51.840 --> 0:00:54.920 Welcome to Ick It Up and Here, a podcast that 0:00:55.080 --> 0:00:58.440 is on the cycle of being sort of okayly introduced. 0:00:59.160 --> 0:01:02.000 When this episode out, it will be Indigenous People's Day 0:01:02.240 --> 0:01:06.200 and so to talk about that more. Where we're going 0:01:06.240 --> 0:01:08.280 to talk to Dalia Killsback, who is a member of 0:01:08.360 --> 0:01:12.240 the Northern Cheyenne or has a Northern Cheyen tribal citizenship 0:01:12.360 --> 0:01:17.160 and has studied and worked in federal India Tribal Policy Dahlia. Hello, 0:01:17.280 --> 0:01:18.080 how are you doing? 0:01:18.720 --> 0:01:21.600 I'm doing one all. Thank you for inviting me here today. 0:01:21.920 --> 0:01:25.839 Of course Garrison is also here. Garrison Hello, Hello. 0:01:26.160 --> 0:01:30.200 I'm currently also doing writing about indigenous stuff, but within 0:01:30.240 --> 0:01:34.280 the context of Canada, which people should. We'll probably here 0:01:34.400 --> 0:01:35.240 later this week. 0:01:36.080 --> 0:01:39.160 So yeah, I guess first thing I wanted to talk 0:01:39.160 --> 0:01:42.480 about is a little bit is about what Indigenous People's 0:01:42.560 --> 0:01:46.520 Day is and why it is that and not the 0:01:46.640 --> 0:01:47.199 other thing. 0:01:48.480 --> 0:01:54.200 Yeah. So, Indigenous People's Day, as many people know, is 0:01:54.240 --> 0:01:57.960 replacing I'm going to say it, Chris chrispher Columbus to 0:01:58.040 --> 0:02:02.960 day that is still like a federal holiday, but multiple 0:02:03.000 --> 0:02:07.080 cities and states have opted to use Indigenous People's Day instead. 0:02:08.120 --> 0:02:12.120 And the reasoning for that is achnology. The atrocities that 0:02:12.160 --> 0:02:15.639 were committed by Christopher Columbus, who first of all, did 0:02:15.680 --> 0:02:24.160 not discover America, but continue to not only use slavery, 0:02:24.600 --> 0:02:29.080 but commit different forms of genocide, rape, et cetera, all 0:02:29.080 --> 0:02:35.200 of these terrible atrocities. And so rather than celebrating somebody 0:02:35.400 --> 0:02:40.480 like that, Indigenous People's Day has been implemented in order 0:02:40.560 --> 0:02:46.160 to recognize the people who are actually here first and 0:02:46.720 --> 0:02:55.720 Indigenous peoples across the America's their histories, cultures, and contributions. 0:02:56.360 --> 0:03:00.880 Yeah, Columbus, real piece of shit, worst Christopher, Like, yeah, 0:03:00.960 --> 0:03:04.280 it really cannot be overstated how bad that guy was. 0:03:05.560 --> 0:03:08.520 Even you know, even people in that era who had 0:03:08.520 --> 0:03:11.560 committed their own genocides like Isabelle and Ferdinand, who you know, 0:03:11.639 --> 0:03:14.000 expelled the Jews from Spain, where it's like, you know, 0:03:14.400 --> 0:03:17.960 if once you've reached the sentence expelled the Jews from X, 0:03:18.120 --> 0:03:21.399 like you're already in the shit list of the worst 0:03:21.400 --> 0:03:22.280 people in human history. 0:03:22.360 --> 0:03:23.519 And even they saw. 0:03:23.280 --> 0:03:25.360 What Columbus was doing, it was like what on earth? 0:03:26.400 --> 0:03:30.600 Bad bad guy, bad name. Things are going to continue 0:03:30.639 --> 0:03:34.639 to go badly. And yeah, that was a'n everthing that 0:03:35.440 --> 0:03:39.560 I wanted to talk about, which is federal Indian policy. 0:03:40.360 --> 0:03:44.080 And you know, this is an incredibly broad it's an 0:03:44.120 --> 0:03:49.839 incredibly broad area spanning like three hundred years, So we're 0:03:49.840 --> 0:03:51.360 not gonna be able to go into like an enormous 0:03:51.400 --> 0:03:53.520 amount of depth in it, but I think it's important 0:03:53.520 --> 0:03:59.360 that people have an understanding of, i mean, a just 0:03:59.440 --> 0:04:02.760 what the US did and how everyone else has had 0:04:02.760 --> 0:04:05.880 this sort of deal with it, and then also the 0:04:05.880 --> 0:04:07.920 fact that this is something that changes over time and 0:04:08.000 --> 0:04:11.480 has has looked different. It's it's been bad in different ways. 0:04:12.120 --> 0:04:16.240 Yeah, and so in talking about federal Indian policy, uh 0:04:16.640 --> 0:04:22.400 I always like to contextualize it within a larger sort 0:04:22.400 --> 0:04:27.719 of like euro American like teleology of colonial conquests and 0:04:27.760 --> 0:04:31.120 then moving on to settler colonialism and where we are 0:04:31.160 --> 0:04:37.000 with federal Indian policy currently. So how do we connect 0:04:37.560 --> 0:04:42.920 Christopher Columbus to where we are currently? And this is 0:04:42.960 --> 0:04:47.880 the history of federal Indian policy and Western legal discourse 0:04:48.800 --> 0:04:55.760 and how European powers throughout history have defined what it 0:04:55.880 --> 0:05:01.240 means to be an Indian person and relationship to indigenous 0:05:01.279 --> 0:05:04.200 people's rights to their own land and to self governance. 0:05:05.520 --> 0:05:08.880 So when we're looking at the different periods of federal 0:05:08.920 --> 0:05:13.800 Indian policy prior to their being a United States government, 0:05:13.880 --> 0:05:18.799 we have the colonial period, which is fourteen ninety two 0:05:18.880 --> 0:05:24.120 to seventeen seventy six. This is how federal Indian policy 0:05:24.240 --> 0:05:30.560 legal scholars divide that, and it's really important to kind 0:05:30.600 --> 0:05:35.200 of give the difference between what is a colonial state 0:05:35.320 --> 0:05:38.480 versus a settler colonial state when you're talking about not 0:05:38.600 --> 0:05:41.800 just the United States government, but also the Canadian government 0:05:41.920 --> 0:05:47.240 and different governments globally. But I want to talk just 0:05:47.279 --> 0:05:50.240 a little bit about what I mean by the difference 0:05:50.320 --> 0:05:54.400 between a colonial government and a settler colonial government, because 0:05:54.480 --> 0:06:00.640 they're tied together. So by a sutler colonial government, I 0:06:00.760 --> 0:06:05.400 mean what I mean is that it is defined by 0:06:05.480 --> 0:06:11.160 the de territorialization of indigenous population populations. And so rather 0:06:11.240 --> 0:06:14.320 than in a colonial government as you had with Christopher 0:06:14.320 --> 0:06:17.640 Columbus and the Spanish and with the English, et cetera, 0:06:18.800 --> 0:06:25.320 is rather than a state and sovereignty being conceived as 0:06:26.240 --> 0:06:28.600 all these resources are going back to the metropoal, all 0:06:28.600 --> 0:06:31.720 these resources are going back to England or to Spain, 0:06:31.880 --> 0:06:39.920 et cetera. And colonial occupation is in is conceptualized within 0:06:40.000 --> 0:06:45.240 this way in set the colonial governments. The colonists come 0:06:45.279 --> 0:06:48.640 to these lands and stay and they're what they define 0:06:48.680 --> 0:06:51.400 as sovereignty is within this land that they define now 0:06:51.480 --> 0:06:54.760 as their own. So and in order for that process 0:06:54.800 --> 0:06:59.160 to happen, there needs to be different forms of genocide 0:06:59.160 --> 0:07:01.719 of the indigenous populations. And so that's what we saw 0:07:01.760 --> 0:07:07.200 with Christopher Columbus and throughout history was just the depletion 0:07:07.440 --> 0:07:12.320 of a lot of our indigenous populace. And so when 0:07:12.360 --> 0:07:18.280 I mean about the United States being a setlar colonial state. 0:07:18.440 --> 0:07:21.280 I mean that this is current and ongoing, and so 0:07:21.320 --> 0:07:25.200 when we talk about federal Indian policy, federal Indian policy 0:07:25.320 --> 0:07:29.720 is always in this conversation with what started with Christopher 0:07:29.760 --> 0:07:34.520 Columbus as the doctrine of discovery. And so that's how 0:07:34.560 --> 0:07:39.480 we define the colonial period. And feel free to like 0:07:40.000 --> 0:07:42.360 stop me and ask me questions. Also, I'm just going 0:07:42.400 --> 0:07:45.680 to try to move quickly because there's a lot. 0:07:46.120 --> 0:07:49.240 Yeah, I think we probably should briefly talk about what 0:07:49.640 --> 0:07:53.200 the doctory discovery is, at least before we get through 0:07:53.280 --> 0:07:56.600 the Marshall trilogy and stuff, for sure. So what does 0:07:56.640 --> 0:07:57.600 that actually mean legally? 0:07:58.800 --> 0:08:05.920 So the it's the discovery of a quote unquote newfound 0:08:06.040 --> 0:08:12.320 Land by European colonial forces. And the reason why it's 0:08:12.320 --> 0:08:15.880 called the doctrine of discovery was that indigenous peoples on 0:08:15.960 --> 0:08:19.840 these lands were deemed unable to govern themselves and they 0:08:19.840 --> 0:08:23.720 did not know how to utilize their land up to 0:08:23.760 --> 0:08:29.080 the definition of what the European powers thought land use. 0:08:29.320 --> 0:08:37.000 Was that indigenous peoples didn't have the same concept of property, 0:08:37.559 --> 0:08:44.040 and same with their relationship with resources and resource extraction. 0:08:44.440 --> 0:08:49.959 So when Christopher Columbus and all of these other colonizers 0:08:50.000 --> 0:08:55.800 conkystic doors came to the quote unquote New Land. They 0:08:55.840 --> 0:09:00.000 saw all of this rich, plentiful resource and thought to themselves, well, 0:09:00.040 --> 0:09:03.480 obviously these people don't know what they're doing because there's 0:09:03.559 --> 0:09:06.800 just so much they have not done anything with it, 0:09:07.920 --> 0:09:11.199 and we're going to take this back to to ours 0:09:11.320 --> 0:09:16.480 because obviously their inferior beings and don't know what property is. 0:09:16.720 --> 0:09:23.840 So legally, the adoption of discovery conveyed legal title to 0:09:24.080 --> 0:09:28.480 an ownership of American soil to European nations, a title 0:09:28.520 --> 0:09:34.040 that devolved to the United States, and so this definition 0:09:34.200 --> 0:09:39.760 is expansive and expansive discovery implies that Native nations have 0:09:39.840 --> 0:09:42.800 a right to lands as occupants or possessors, but they 0:09:42.840 --> 0:09:46.920 are incompetent to manage those lands and need a quote 0:09:46.960 --> 0:09:51.720 unquote benevolent guardian such as a federal government who holds 0:09:51.960 --> 0:09:59.400 legal title. And so when we're talking about this legal title, 0:09:59.559 --> 0:10:04.160 it to the United States later on in history after 0:10:04.679 --> 0:10:09.760 the American Revolution, and so rather than being colonial states 0:10:10.320 --> 0:10:15.160 as the United States like thirteen original colonies, given the 0:10:15.160 --> 0:10:21.040 American Revolution and its own constitution and its creation of 0:10:21.160 --> 0:10:25.200 itself as a nation state, then that turns into a 0:10:25.240 --> 0:10:26.680 settler colonial government. 0:10:29.040 --> 0:10:31.040 Yeah, and I think we can, Yeah, we can get 0:10:31.040 --> 0:10:34.920 to what happens next then, because yeah, yeah, you have 0:10:35.320 --> 0:10:38.040 this elaborate lab or framework that lets you steal people's 0:10:38.080 --> 0:10:41.120 land and murder them and then control it. And then 0:10:42.000 --> 0:10:45.480 the outgrowth of that is this sort of weird event 0:10:45.559 --> 0:10:48.520 where the colonies go into rebellion and suddenly, yeah, there's 0:10:48.559 --> 0:10:50.920 not a colony. They're not colonies anymore. They just are 0:10:51.000 --> 0:10:55.240 the state. And so yeah, what happens next after the 0:10:55.280 --> 0:10:56.720 sort of formation of the United States. 0:10:58.160 --> 0:11:03.560 So after the formation of the United States, so we 0:11:03.640 --> 0:11:07.400 have this period the American Revolution that's all not really 0:11:07.440 --> 0:11:11.360 dive that into. It is seventeen seventy six to seventeen 0:11:11.400 --> 0:11:14.400 eighty nine, and it's called the Confederation period. But next 0:11:14.440 --> 0:11:17.480 we have the Trade and Intercourse Act era, which is 0:11:17.480 --> 0:11:21.440 from seventeen eighty nine to eighteen thirty five. And so 0:11:21.520 --> 0:11:26.199 this is defined with the United States Constitution and Congress's 0:11:26.400 --> 0:11:30.440 exclusive right to regulate trade relations and make leans since 0:11:31.040 --> 0:11:34.640 land secessions, and enter into treaties with tribes. So this 0:11:34.720 --> 0:11:39.679 is a treaty making era with the tribes that only 0:11:40.000 --> 0:11:42.920 the United States federal government is able to and there's 0:11:42.920 --> 0:11:47.000 a distinction there because there had been a lot of 0:11:47.280 --> 0:11:51.280 contestation between states and the federal government as to who 0:11:51.360 --> 0:11:55.760 is going to now deal with these these nations that 0:11:55.800 --> 0:12:01.040 are within our own settler colonial borders. Whose job is 0:12:01.679 --> 0:12:08.280 that to solve this issue? So within the United States Constitution, 0:12:08.559 --> 0:12:12.240 there are three clauses that define the United States' legal 0:12:12.320 --> 0:12:16.120 relationship to American Indians, and so these are the treaty 0:12:16.120 --> 0:12:21.040 making clause, the commerce clause, and the property clause. And 0:12:21.360 --> 0:12:27.240 so this movement from just relying on the doctrine of 0:12:27.240 --> 0:12:31.640 discovery and treaty making processes between different European powers now 0:12:31.720 --> 0:12:35.600 is between the United States federal government and tribes. And 0:12:35.679 --> 0:12:39.960 so what this does is now tribes are located within 0:12:40.120 --> 0:12:44.280 the United States territory, and this places Indians within the 0:12:44.320 --> 0:12:47.719 boundaries and jurisdiction of the United States, and now they're 0:12:47.760 --> 0:12:49.960 a matter of domestic interest. 0:12:50.200 --> 0:12:50.800 Something at least. 0:12:50.800 --> 0:12:54.600 It's one of the sort of complicated questions that changes 0:12:54.640 --> 0:12:58.720 through this whole era, which is about what does sovereignty 0:12:58.840 --> 0:13:02.040 mean for these tribes and to what extent they even 0:13:02.400 --> 0:13:05.560 continue to possess it, and how does that even sort 0:13:05.600 --> 0:13:08.040 of you know, how does that work if when you 0:13:08.080 --> 0:13:10.800 have this new state that sort of just has his 0:13:10.960 --> 0:13:11.880 clean control. 0:13:11.640 --> 0:13:18.280 Here, right, and also during this period, well, well later 0:13:18.360 --> 0:13:22.679 on when we have sorry jumping ahead of myself, when 0:13:22.720 --> 0:13:26.679 we have the extermination of the treaty making process, and 0:13:26.720 --> 0:13:33.920 this completely removes seeing tribes as independent sovereign nations. So 0:13:34.000 --> 0:13:37.720 I think that we'll kind of get more into that later. 0:13:37.880 --> 0:13:43.520 But the thing with federal Indian policy is that it's 0:13:43.559 --> 0:13:49.080 sort of self prophesizing. So as settlers are moving across America, 0:13:50.120 --> 0:13:54.480 the United States government also has to create these policies 0:13:55.400 --> 0:13:59.679 in order to legalize these land cessations and movements. And 0:14:00.080 --> 0:14:04.000 pattern that we do see here throughout history and throughout 0:14:04.040 --> 0:14:07.160 time is that the United States federal government, as a 0:14:07.160 --> 0:14:14.480 settler state, is over the rights of over the rights 0:14:14.520 --> 0:14:18.880 to land and rights of indigenous peoples themselves. You have 0:14:18.920 --> 0:14:22.720 a priority of the settler state in order to acquire land. 0:14:23.360 --> 0:14:27.600 So a lot of the reason why later these treaties 0:14:27.640 --> 0:14:31.760 will be broken, et cetera, is because settlers are moving 0:14:31.800 --> 0:14:35.880 into these lands and the United States is then breaking 0:14:35.920 --> 0:14:41.720 these treaties in order to have more more land, more 0:14:41.800 --> 0:14:42.640 land successions. 0:14:42.720 --> 0:14:43.000 Yeah. 0:14:43.080 --> 0:14:45.520 Yeah, the law, the law sort of just following the 0:14:45.600 --> 0:14:48.160 violence and it just becomes a sort of retroactive justification 0:14:48.680 --> 0:14:49.920 for yes, just. 0:14:51.800 --> 0:15:06.000 It's it's a self justifying sort of sovereignty. So this 0:15:06.040 --> 0:15:08.400 is the Removal period, and what a lot of people 0:15:08.480 --> 0:15:11.520 may have heard of. So it's from eighteen thirty five 0:15:11.600 --> 0:15:14.520 to eighteen sixty one, and what we have is the 0:15:14.600 --> 0:15:18.480 extinguishment of Indian title to eastern lands and the removal 0:15:18.520 --> 0:15:23.880 of Indian tribes westward. So one of the most notable 0:15:23.960 --> 0:15:27.240 acts is the Removal Act, which was authorized by President 0:15:27.320 --> 0:15:32.000 Andrew Jackson, which moved Indians from the east to the 0:15:32.040 --> 0:15:34.960 west of the Mississippi River into what is was called 0:15:35.320 --> 0:15:43.360 Indian Territory. And what brought about this federal Act was 0:15:43.360 --> 0:15:48.040 a series of three foundational statutes within federal Indian policy, 0:15:48.720 --> 0:15:51.920 dictated by Chief Justice John Marshall. So first we have 0:15:52.160 --> 0:15:57.080 Johnson B. McIntosh, Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia. 0:15:57.720 --> 0:16:01.080 And I won't go into two to detail, but what 0:16:01.120 --> 0:16:07.160 this these essentially did and legally defined tribes as being 0:16:07.240 --> 0:16:12.480 domestic dependent nations. And so it clarified more that again 0:16:13.040 --> 0:16:19.040 tribal nations are underneath the federal government's overview, not the states. 0:16:19.760 --> 0:16:23.360 So yeah, it placed tribes above state jurisdiction, and what 0:16:23.400 --> 0:16:27.640 this was trying to do was solve some issues that 0:16:27.960 --> 0:16:31.240 tribes such as the Cherokee Nation had with different states 0:16:31.280 --> 0:16:36.440 when it came to land and jurisdiction over said land. 0:16:37.440 --> 0:16:42.280 But that is kind of the basis of a lot 0:16:42.320 --> 0:16:45.120 of federal Indian policy and still remained truth day. And 0:16:45.160 --> 0:16:50.960 what is notable in each one of these statutes, I believe, 0:16:51.040 --> 0:16:56.480 particularly in Worcester the Georgia, although it seems that it 0:16:56.840 --> 0:17:00.960 was supporting tribal sovereignty in them and that they were 0:17:01.080 --> 0:17:08.240 above state jurisdiction, a lot of these statute cited racist 0:17:08.320 --> 0:17:11.960 president and the doctrine of Discovery. So what you see 0:17:11.960 --> 0:17:14.720 for federal Indian policy is that a lot of the founder, 0:17:14.960 --> 0:17:17.960 well all the foundation for a federal Indian policy based 0:17:17.960 --> 0:17:21.800 on President is the Doctrine of Discovery, which is reliant 0:17:21.880 --> 0:17:26.520 on the idea that American Indians were savages and needed 0:17:28.000 --> 0:17:35.960 federal benevolence and paternalism in order to regulate their own affairs. 0:17:37.080 --> 0:17:39.679 Yeah, and I think that's well, okay, we should probably 0:17:39.680 --> 0:17:42.040 not just immediately get to allotment, but yeah, because there's 0:17:42.040 --> 0:17:46.040 there's there's also yeah, this is also the period used. Yeah, 0:17:46.040 --> 0:17:47.520 the thing you were talking about earlier, the thing you 0:17:47.520 --> 0:17:50.200 helped me know about, which is, Okay, it's not true 0:17:50.240 --> 0:17:52.520 to say this is when this starts, but this is 0:17:52.520 --> 0:17:58.480 Indian Removal Act, Trail of Tears territory. And yeah, one 0:17:58.520 --> 0:18:00.199 thing that you know, I think one of the sort 0:18:00.200 --> 0:18:02.720 of running themes of this is that, you know, the 0:18:02.880 --> 0:18:06.159 the law in this context is just sort of it 0:18:06.200 --> 0:18:10.160 becomes a sort of retroactive excuse to do whatever needs 0:18:10.200 --> 0:18:12.439 to be done from the perspective quote unquote of the 0:18:12.480 --> 0:18:14.959 sort of of the settler state to just take all 0:18:15.000 --> 0:18:15.879 of this land. 0:18:16.200 --> 0:18:16.520 Yeah. 0:18:17.280 --> 0:18:20.240 And I think maybe like one of the keystones of 0:18:20.280 --> 0:18:25.240 this is Andrew Jackson just straight up telling the Supreme 0:18:25.240 --> 0:18:28.479 Court to fuck off so that he can do so 0:18:28.520 --> 0:18:29.879 he can do a trail of tears. 0:18:30.240 --> 0:18:37.000 Yeah. So the Removal Act happened after all of these 0:18:37.040 --> 0:18:42.359 statutes that you already had that supported federal Indian sovereignty. 0:18:42.480 --> 0:18:46.520 And so the Cherokees in Georgia were one of the 0:18:46.560 --> 0:18:52.000 tribes that were removed. And so you kind of see 0:18:52.760 --> 0:18:57.760 what you talked about, the the retrograde kind of justifications 0:18:57.800 --> 0:19:03.439 for said removal despite the statutes that are there. So 0:19:03.720 --> 0:19:08.640 although that like Marshall in Worchester feed Georgia determined that 0:19:08.720 --> 0:19:11.840 the State of Georgia did not have jurisdiction over Cherokee 0:19:11.920 --> 0:19:16.240 Territory all this although this territory was in the state's borders. 0:19:17.200 --> 0:19:21.280 Later on, you see with the Removal Act that although 0:19:21.960 --> 0:19:26.840 these statutes are still president in federal Undian policy, those 0:19:26.880 --> 0:19:33.320 were null in order for there to be more expansion 0:19:33.440 --> 0:19:38.560 of settlers within these areas. So when it was decided that, oh, wait, 0:19:38.600 --> 0:19:41.040 we do need this land and we don't actually want 0:19:41.080 --> 0:19:44.240 these Indians here, let's put them to the side overpast 0:19:44.280 --> 0:19:47.760 the Mississippi so that they're out of sight, out of mind, right, 0:19:47.840 --> 0:19:53.199 So we see more of this justification for settler expansion. 0:19:53.680 --> 0:19:56.040 And so again we bring back to these themes of 0:19:56.119 --> 0:20:01.440 like settler colonialism in order to and kind of gain 0:20:01.520 --> 0:20:02.480 more of this land. 0:20:02.840 --> 0:20:04.280 And a lot. 0:20:04.160 --> 0:20:08.080 Of these statutes are still cited the doctrine of discovery 0:20:08.200 --> 0:20:14.080 in them, and rather than supporting tribal policy, the relationship 0:20:14.240 --> 0:20:18.719 between the United States federal government and American Indians was 0:20:18.760 --> 0:20:22.000 not based on the rights of Indians, but more that 0:20:22.040 --> 0:20:26.199 they can't they can't govern themselves, right and so so, 0:20:26.440 --> 0:20:28.919 and that's the whole issue is, like people were like 0:20:29.200 --> 0:20:31.280 they don't know what they're doing, so we're gonna push 0:20:31.359 --> 0:20:35.639 them and like take their land again. So I don't 0:20:35.760 --> 0:20:37.280 know if you want me to go too much into 0:20:37.280 --> 0:20:42.080 the trail of tears, but you're seeing a lot of 0:20:42.119 --> 0:20:45.679 patterns here, I think, different forms of genocide, different forms 0:20:45.680 --> 0:20:47.000 of taking the land. 0:20:47.720 --> 0:20:49.520 This was this is all around the same time as 0:20:49.560 --> 0:20:52.280 the Indian Action Canada as well, which was a very 0:20:52.320 --> 0:20:57.280 similar thing, especially starting in the nineteen hundred's, starting in 0:20:57.320 --> 0:21:01.679 the twentieth century as well with thee like expansion of 0:21:01.920 --> 0:21:03.720 the like assimilation programs. 0:21:04.200 --> 0:21:06.200 Yeah, and I think I guess one other thing I 0:21:06.240 --> 0:21:08.399 want to point out about this is that, you know, 0:21:08.400 --> 0:21:10.240 so one of the things that happens trails here is 0:21:10.280 --> 0:21:14.000 that the Supreme Court like tells Jackson that he can't 0:21:14.040 --> 0:21:18.159 do this, and Jackson just does it anyways. And I 0:21:18.200 --> 0:21:21.280 think that's a very interesting important moment because you know, 0:21:21.760 --> 0:21:24.320 this is this is this thing right where the federal 0:21:24.359 --> 0:21:27.040 government can tell the Supreme Court to fuck off, right, 0:21:27.040 --> 0:21:28.719 and there's nothing that the Streme Court could do about it. 0:21:29.200 --> 0:21:31.200 And if you look at what they did it to do, 0:21:31.680 --> 0:21:35.439 the thing they did it to do was genocide, and 0:21:35.480 --> 0:21:37.440 it's I think it's it's just I think this is 0:21:37.560 --> 0:21:40.639 very sort of I don't know, this incredibly grim, like 0:21:41.400 --> 0:21:44.320 you know, encapsulation of like what this state actually is, 0:21:45.119 --> 0:21:47.800 which is this sort of genocide machine and whatever sort 0:21:47.800 --> 0:21:49.439 of you know, this is what sovereignty is, right, the 0:21:49.440 --> 0:21:51.760 ability to break your own rules to sort of art 0:21:51.760 --> 0:21:53.720 to maintain the system. So you you know, you break 0:21:53.720 --> 0:21:56.359 your own laws and you know, as we're going to 0:21:56.400 --> 0:21:58.159 get to in a second, like you break your own 0:21:58.200 --> 0:22:00.720 treaties continuously, and you do this because you know, the 0:22:00.760 --> 0:22:03.000 gene slide machine has to keep moving, right. 0:22:03.200 --> 0:22:09.760 And there's a couple of federal Indian policy theorists Bendelari 0:22:09.920 --> 0:22:12.440 Junior who's one of the most famous ones, and David 0:22:12.600 --> 0:22:16.159 Wilkins who talks about how there is no need for 0:22:16.280 --> 0:22:20.800 checks and balances within the federal Indian policy system. So 0:22:20.840 --> 0:22:25.359 you have Congress that is able to pass whatever act 0:22:25.359 --> 0:22:30.119 they want, and then you also have the Supreme Court, 0:22:30.200 --> 0:22:33.560 and then you also have executive action. But it wasn't 0:22:33.600 --> 0:22:38.879 really delineated that well within especially when it comes to 0:22:39.440 --> 0:22:42.119 this period as to who is going to be dealing 0:22:42.160 --> 0:22:46.000 with the Indians kind of thing, and so this kind 0:22:46.000 --> 0:22:51.040 of confusion and not really completely defining what it means 0:22:51.040 --> 0:22:54.679 to be a domestic dependent nation. I think really just 0:22:54.720 --> 0:22:59.119 goes to show how much of a fragile edifice like 0:23:00.280 --> 0:23:04.480 settler colonial policy is for it is within the system. 0:23:05.640 --> 0:23:09.520 But again moving on, it comes back again to land. 0:23:09.760 --> 0:23:14.320 So the reservation area era in eighteen sixty one to 0:23:14.359 --> 0:23:19.959 eighteen eighty sevens you have a lot of westward expansion 0:23:20.080 --> 0:23:25.000 of non Indians settlers, specifically to California. You also have 0:23:25.240 --> 0:23:32.840 the creation of Indian reservations and resulting Indian wars. So 0:23:33.560 --> 0:23:36.520 during this era, what you see a lot of are 0:23:36.760 --> 0:23:41.200 different types of the times that assimulation and a lot 0:23:41.200 --> 0:23:43.640 of warfare. So you have a lot of the planes 0:23:43.720 --> 0:23:48.760 tribes my tribe for instance, that are going through all 0:23:48.800 --> 0:23:55.600 of these battles fighting forced removal onto reservations. One of 0:23:55.680 --> 0:24:00.399 the most famous ones was the Battle of Greece Grass. 0:24:00.400 --> 0:24:04.680 There was a little Big Horn where General Custer was 0:24:04.800 --> 0:24:09.439 killed by Sioux, Cheyennes and Arapahos, and different instances of 0:24:09.480 --> 0:24:13.119 battles such as those, and also where a lot of 0:24:13.200 --> 0:24:19.640 tribes were forcibly removed to era areas that they were 0:24:19.760 --> 0:24:23.440 weren't originally from, so like how the rapes were moved 0:24:23.480 --> 0:24:27.240 to Oklahoma. There was attempts of my tribe, for instance, 0:24:27.359 --> 0:24:30.560 Northern Cheyenne, to be moved down to Oklahoma as well, 0:24:31.040 --> 0:24:35.080 and that's why there's some Southern Cheyennes in Oklahoma and 0:24:35.119 --> 0:24:41.359 then my tribe, the Northern Chan's in Montana. Another another 0:24:41.400 --> 0:24:44.360 thing that is happening during this period are boarding schools, 0:24:45.320 --> 0:24:48.840 the boarding school era. So this attempt at assimilation through 0:24:49.080 --> 0:24:56.440 education and assimilation is also within within the settler colonial 0:24:56.600 --> 0:25:01.360 kind of structure. It's it's defined the process where indigenous 0:25:01.359 --> 0:25:09.280 people end up conforming to different constructed notions of setular norms. 0:25:10.400 --> 0:25:14.000 So if they're not absorbed within the state completely, then 0:25:14.000 --> 0:25:21.360 their attempted attempt to be assimilated culturally through education, through languages, 0:25:21.800 --> 0:25:24.399 in terms of economics. So now you have a bunch 0:25:24.480 --> 0:25:29.679 of different sort of bureaucratic structures on these reservations trying 0:25:29.800 --> 0:25:39.480 to make tribal governments appear to be or constructed as 0:25:39.560 --> 0:25:44.320 as setular colonial governments are. So maybe it's the three 0:25:44.359 --> 0:25:50.879 branches in ways that aren't just compatible with different tribes culturally, 0:25:52.000 --> 0:25:56.440 and you also have the attempted eradication of different kind 0:25:56.520 --> 0:26:03.720 of spiritual and cultural practices and a lot of Christianity 0:26:04.320 --> 0:26:07.000 being forced on to different people and just kind of 0:26:07.119 --> 0:26:10.520 terrible things that I think more and more people are 0:26:11.200 --> 0:26:15.040 becoming aware of due to current movements. But we'll get 0:26:15.040 --> 0:26:15.880 into that moment later. 0:26:26.680 --> 0:26:29.240 Do we want to talk about a lot of pass 0:26:29.680 --> 0:26:31.600 if in the same. 0:26:31.440 --> 0:26:37.000 Period, Yes, a lotment period and force a similation. So 0:26:37.160 --> 0:26:40.080 this is like eighteen seventy one to nineteen thirty four, 0:26:40.160 --> 0:26:42.600 and so this is the end of the treaty making process. 0:26:42.840 --> 0:26:48.560 So the whole idea of trying to force tribes onto 0:26:48.640 --> 0:26:53.600 reservations and sign these treaties were to again take land 0:26:53.760 --> 0:26:56.040 and make sure that the United States has more land 0:26:56.080 --> 0:26:58.400 and all the land, et cetera that they possibly have. 0:27:00.200 --> 0:27:06.960 So at this end of treaty making and federal allotment 0:27:07.040 --> 0:27:12.040 of Indian lands also happened in the the DAWs Act. 0:27:14.760 --> 0:27:18.879 And so what this was was an attempt to further 0:27:21.119 --> 0:27:25.959 shrink the reservation lands that tribes were already guaranteed within treaties. 0:27:28.160 --> 0:27:32.560 So during this period, I think that somewhere like nine 0:27:32.560 --> 0:27:39.600 million acres were taken from tribal reservations during the allotment process. 0:27:39.640 --> 0:27:42.560 So what the allotment process did was it counted each 0:27:42.760 --> 0:27:48.240 in every individual Indian that was eligible. I think there 0:27:48.240 --> 0:27:56.119 were adults. Yeah, adults that were eligible, and each one 0:27:56.160 --> 0:27:58.760 of them were given a certain parcel of land a 0:27:58.760 --> 0:28:04.680 certain number eight bridge. And once all of this land 0:28:04.960 --> 0:28:08.439 was calculated, what you had was an excess of land 0:28:08.600 --> 0:28:11.960 quote unquote excess of land that the tribes obviously didn't 0:28:12.000 --> 0:28:15.760 need because they had still to too many people. And 0:28:15.800 --> 0:28:20.280 so what the excess of land was utilized for us, 0:28:20.359 --> 0:28:25.960 for pioneers and for settlers if it didn't go to 0:28:26.480 --> 0:28:33.399 the federal government, it was to incentivize settlers to colonize 0:28:33.400 --> 0:28:40.440 the secil on Indian lands, so trying its hardest to 0:28:40.480 --> 0:28:44.760 not stay true to its treemaking practices. 0:28:45.320 --> 0:28:46.680 I think the every thing that was interesting to me 0:28:46.720 --> 0:28:49.360 about this is that like because one of the other 0:28:49.400 --> 0:28:51.040 goals of this is to sort of like, oh is 0:28:51.040 --> 0:28:53.200 the civilizing missions, Like yeah, we're going to turn them 0:28:53.200 --> 0:28:57.200 into We're gona tell these people into like like yeoman farmers, 0:28:57.240 --> 0:29:00.080 like true American fintiersmen or whatever. And it's just like 0:29:01.200 --> 0:29:03.760 it just doesn't work because economically it doesn't make any sense, 0:29:03.840 --> 0:29:06.840 Like breaking up all these like lens is like it 0:29:06.880 --> 0:29:09.400 doesn't you can't just give someone like a small patch 0:29:09.440 --> 0:29:11.840 of like shitty land and have them farm like this 0:29:11.880 --> 0:29:13.200 doesn't like this, it doesn't it doesn't. 0:29:13.240 --> 0:29:15.120 It's like they. 0:29:15.040 --> 0:29:17.280 Certainly tried and then yeah, yeah, yeah, like that was 0:29:17.680 --> 0:29:19.719 one of the main thing, one of the main things 0:29:20.440 --> 0:29:24.800 in Canada was about getting them to adopt like, uh, 0:29:24.840 --> 0:29:29.080 like European farming practices, which which they they they already 0:29:29.160 --> 0:29:30.920 knew how to like get their own food, right, they 0:29:30.920 --> 0:29:34.400 were trying to change this whole system of of of 0:29:34.480 --> 0:29:37.880 like of food growth to to this like to this 0:29:38.000 --> 0:29:40.720 European way of farming, and it just and they were 0:29:40.760 --> 0:29:44.600 just forcing them to and there's yeah, it's it's yes, 0:29:44.760 --> 0:29:47.240 it gets, it gets, it gets super, it gets super 0:29:47.480 --> 0:29:49.560 like dark and horrible. Once you like look at like 0:29:49.640 --> 0:29:52.160 the letters that were being written by like the heads 0:29:52.160 --> 0:29:56.600 of these programs, like you know, instructing like these agents 0:29:56.640 --> 0:30:00.480 were stationed at these like reservations to like force people 0:30:00.520 --> 0:30:03.800 to be doing this horrible farming for like all day 0:30:03.840 --> 0:30:04.440 every day. 0:30:06.080 --> 0:30:08.760 And I think, you know the sign that this was 0:30:08.880 --> 0:30:13.440 like like this is this is so bad that even 0:30:13.440 --> 0:30:16.840 the US government eventually is like wait this like this 0:30:16.920 --> 0:30:20.360 is fucked up and doesn't work. So I think that's yeah, 0:30:20.400 --> 0:30:25.640 your transition to sort of like the next phase, I guess. 0:30:26.040 --> 0:30:28.000 Yeah, a very short phase. 0:30:28.880 --> 0:30:29.120 Yeah. 0:30:29.200 --> 0:30:34.240 So the next phase is the Indian Reorganization Act. And 0:30:34.320 --> 0:30:36.840 so this something lasted six years from nineteen thirty four 0:30:36.880 --> 0:30:41.080 to nineteen forty. So this is when allotment ended. As 0:30:41.120 --> 0:30:43.239 you said, the United States government was like, wait, this 0:30:43.320 --> 0:30:47.040 isn't working. What else can we do? The Indians aren't 0:30:47.120 --> 0:30:50.440 dying off, they're not assimilating, they're not a culturating. We 0:30:50.480 --> 0:30:54.560 don't know what to do with them. So maybe we'll 0:30:54.760 --> 0:30:59.120 We'll have them adopt these constitutions and a lot of 0:30:59.160 --> 0:31:04.120 them just templates. So regardless of whether or not they 0:31:04.160 --> 0:31:12.120 were I think compatible with tribal different tribes way of life, 0:31:12.240 --> 0:31:16.120 they were like, you have these constitutions. Now now you're 0:31:16.320 --> 0:31:18.960 you're a tribe, and this is what each tribe has 0:31:19.000 --> 0:31:21.320 to look like in order for us, the federal government 0:31:21.360 --> 0:31:27.600 to recognize you as a legitimate entity. And then so 0:31:27.800 --> 0:31:31.880 you have the establishment of these tribal governments that consist 0:31:31.960 --> 0:31:35.480 of tribal councils and big business committees, et cetera. However, 0:31:36.000 --> 0:31:42.280 this period is fleeting, very fleeting, and next you have 0:31:42.360 --> 0:31:46.160 the termination era. So this is the period of time 0:31:46.360 --> 0:31:51.680 where the federal government essentially even more so, wants to 0:31:51.800 --> 0:31:54.840 just get rid of the quote unquote Indian problem, which 0:31:54.880 --> 0:32:00.680 is the existence of indigenous peoples that are reminders to 0:32:00.720 --> 0:32:04.680 the government essentially that they are a setlar colonial force 0:32:04.720 --> 0:32:06.480 and they don't know what to do with us because 0:32:06.480 --> 0:32:09.840 they tried to commit genocide, they tried to remove us, 0:32:09.960 --> 0:32:14.960 et cetera, et cetera. It's still not working. They decided 0:32:15.000 --> 0:32:20.920 that our Chibel governments are aren't legitimate, and they just decide, well, 0:32:21.680 --> 0:32:25.400 it's too much to try to keep up with our 0:32:25.480 --> 0:32:28.320 treaties and what we promised them when it comes to 0:32:28.920 --> 0:32:33.280 health care, education, housing, et cetera, et cetera. How about 0:32:33.280 --> 0:32:38.080 we terminate our federal responsibility, our trust responsibility that are 0:32:38.120 --> 0:32:42.160 delineated in federal Unian policy and in our treaties and 0:32:42.400 --> 0:32:44.880 give them off to this to the states to decide 0:32:44.920 --> 0:32:47.360 what to do with. And so during this period you 0:32:47.480 --> 0:32:55.440 see sort of the federal dissolution of some tribes such 0:32:55.480 --> 0:33:03.440 as the monogamy and other ones as well. So this 0:33:03.560 --> 0:33:08.120 is another dark time there. The dark times just keep 0:33:08.160 --> 0:33:14.400 on coming. And but Federalumbian policy scholars have characterized federal 0:33:14.440 --> 0:33:17.600 run new policy as a pendulum. So swing swinging from 0:33:17.640 --> 0:33:22.440 side to side between this termin this termination of tribes, 0:33:22.480 --> 0:33:26.040 So the federal Indian government as trying to get rid 0:33:26.080 --> 0:33:29.000 of tribes, especially as you can see in this era, 0:33:29.480 --> 0:33:32.400 and then the pendulum of the other side of self determination. 0:33:32.680 --> 0:33:35.560 But both of these are held within the context of 0:33:35.880 --> 0:33:42.680 goals of assimilation. So this is just another phase of terribleness. 0:33:42.960 --> 0:33:43.200 Yep. 0:33:43.920 --> 0:33:46.760 Well, I think this this phase also like one thing 0:33:46.800 --> 0:33:50.280 I think that also like is important people understand is 0:33:50.320 --> 0:33:53.680 it like like it's not like people aren't fighting this 0:33:53.960 --> 0:33:56.840 like the whole time. I mean even going like even 0:33:56.880 --> 0:33:58.920 going back to the stuff the Seventh Cavalry, like the 0:33:58.920 --> 0:34:02.800 stuff of cavalry loose was like bors Dayli's bells all 0:34:02.800 --> 0:34:06.160 the time. People are fighting constantly, and this is this period. 0:34:06.160 --> 0:34:10.359 The termination period is also where you see the rise 0:34:10.360 --> 0:34:11.759 of the American Indian movements. 0:34:12.239 --> 0:34:14.959 Yeah, a lot of these periods can be like dove 0:34:15.040 --> 0:34:19.760 into more and all of these different things. In every instance, 0:34:19.840 --> 0:34:23.319 in every instance of federal Indian policy, you have resistance, 0:34:23.400 --> 0:34:27.160 which we're not covering here right now, but you have 0:34:27.360 --> 0:34:32.719 instances throughout history where Indigenous peoples have fought for their 0:34:32.800 --> 0:34:38.040 rights to land, for their community, to being sovereign nations, 0:34:38.160 --> 0:34:42.880 et cetera. And that's why the federal Indian the federal government, 0:34:42.920 --> 0:34:45.640 not federal Indian government, the federal government has not been 0:34:45.680 --> 0:34:52.759 able to eradicate us, much to their dismay. Yeah, and 0:34:52.840 --> 0:34:55.560 so now I'm going to switch into the era that 0:34:55.800 --> 0:34:59.080 we are considered to be in, which I had mentioned 0:34:59.080 --> 0:35:03.320 when I talked about the pendulum of federal Indian policy. 0:35:03.560 --> 0:35:07.239 So now we are in the self determination era, which 0:35:07.280 --> 0:35:12.799 began in nineteen sixty two, and we have the right 0:35:12.840 --> 0:35:17.400 it's characterized with the revitalization of tribal entities. So going 0:35:17.560 --> 0:35:22.160 kind of back to when there was the Indian Reorganization Act, 0:35:22.200 --> 0:35:25.880 that we have our tribal councils. There's restoration of some 0:35:26.040 --> 0:35:30.319 tribes under federal recognition who were terminated, again not all 0:35:30.360 --> 0:35:33.960 of them. We also have the Indian Civil Rights Act, 0:35:34.719 --> 0:35:43.759 so this kind of guaranteed individual Indians some rights, not 0:35:43.840 --> 0:35:47.200 just characterized by their tribes. Also the self determination policy, 0:35:47.360 --> 0:35:53.120 so this is when Nixon condemned the termination policy and 0:35:53.960 --> 0:35:57.360 gave more control to Indians rather than the Bureau of 0:35:57.360 --> 0:36:00.839 Indian ferris which just a federal bureau and just kind 0:36:00.840 --> 0:36:06.520 of like other policies that have given the tribes more 0:36:06.719 --> 0:36:11.319 rights to determine for themselves and their own trust, their 0:36:11.320 --> 0:36:15.920 own people to a certain degree, underneath the federal government 0:36:16.400 --> 0:36:20.319 as semess of dependent nations. And again I think that 0:36:20.760 --> 0:36:26.480 we have seen a lot more movement, but within the 0:36:26.520 --> 0:36:31.680 context of being within a settler colonial state, it's always 0:36:31.920 --> 0:36:36.880 I think a possibility that the federal unding government, or 0:36:37.000 --> 0:36:40.400 the federal government I keep saying Indian, the federal government 0:36:40.800 --> 0:36:45.319 will try to take more and more. And I think, 0:36:46.640 --> 0:36:51.960 for instance, when it comes to issues of fishing rights, 0:36:51.960 --> 0:36:56.560 issues of hunting rights with states, not even just with 0:36:56.760 --> 0:36:59.320 the federal government. So you have a lot of states 0:36:59.680 --> 0:37:04.840 throughout throughout history but still ongoing that attempt to encroach 0:37:05.000 --> 0:37:10.239 on tribal treaties. And again, treaties are the basis of 0:37:11.120 --> 0:37:16.000 federal Indian policy. Without these treaties, the lands would have 0:37:16.080 --> 0:37:20.560 never been seceeded to the United States. And so there's 0:37:20.560 --> 0:37:27.640 this sort of like legal legal conundrum I would say, 0:37:27.760 --> 0:37:31.200 of where all these all treaties in the history of 0:37:31.239 --> 0:37:34.160 the United States with Indian with Indian tribes have been 0:37:34.160 --> 0:37:36.880 broken in some way, shape or form. 0:37:37.360 --> 0:37:38.319 But still. 0:37:40.200 --> 0:37:43.440 American Indians have to live on their reservations instead of 0:37:43.480 --> 0:37:47.719 having their their land back, and so nowadays a lot 0:37:47.719 --> 0:37:52.960 of movement has been towards land back. What this means? 0:37:53.120 --> 0:37:54.920 What is this process? And I think it means a 0:37:54.920 --> 0:37:59.760 lot of different things for different people, Indigenous people because 0:37:59.760 --> 0:38:03.600 again and there's there's five hundred and seventy four federally 0:38:03.640 --> 0:38:09.160 recognized tribes, and so it's not one monolith of ideas, 0:38:09.200 --> 0:38:12.680 the monolith of beliefs. But by just by saying land back, 0:38:13.200 --> 0:38:15.799 that's like recognition that this is our this was our 0:38:15.880 --> 0:38:18.920 land first, and you're not keeping your side of the 0:38:19.000 --> 0:38:20.520 deal and never have been. 0:38:21.600 --> 0:38:24.520 Could you maybe go a bit more into land back 0:38:24.520 --> 0:38:27.240 as the topic, because like specifically, like the past five years, 0:38:27.239 --> 0:38:32.600 it has really gained a lot more like popularity as 0:38:32.600 --> 0:38:36.759 like a slogan ye, But I think for a lot 0:38:36.800 --> 0:38:40.200 of a lot of people who you like, chanted and 0:38:40.239 --> 0:38:43.759 hear it don't always really know exactly what it means. 0:38:43.840 --> 0:38:48.120 There's a lot of like mixed opinions on what it means. 0:38:48.760 --> 0:38:51.040 Of course, on like the more like reactionary side, it's 0:38:51.080 --> 0:38:53.600 like people be like, what you're gonna like kick white 0:38:53.680 --> 0:38:56.279 people out of these areas, Like that's kind of that's 0:38:56.320 --> 0:38:58.399 what a lot of like the reactionary takes on land 0:38:58.440 --> 0:39:02.080 Back is and I'm sure most people are listening to 0:39:02.080 --> 0:39:05.359 this podcast that's not what they think, but they may 0:39:05.400 --> 0:39:08.680 not really know exactly what it means either. They may 0:39:08.680 --> 0:39:11.600 think it sounds a good idea, but they're not quite 0:39:11.640 --> 0:39:13.280 sure what it is. Do you mind kind of talking 0:39:13.320 --> 0:39:16.920 about how land back has like developed as an idea 0:39:17.120 --> 0:39:20.360 and what like you mean by it personally? 0:39:20.400 --> 0:39:23.359 At least? Yeah, I think I could talk about more 0:39:23.360 --> 0:39:26.120 about like what I mean by it personally and what 0:39:26.160 --> 0:39:29.520 I've understood it to mean to other people, because I 0:39:29.560 --> 0:39:34.319 think land back itself it means like a lot of 0:39:34.360 --> 0:39:38.520 different things, and I don't think that there has been 0:39:39.400 --> 0:39:43.680 a concrete kind of idea of what it means. But 0:39:43.800 --> 0:39:45.600 I think a lot of the movement I want to 0:39:45.680 --> 0:39:50.279 like contextualize it within a lot of the sort of 0:39:50.360 --> 0:39:55.320 activism that we've seen in their recent years. So for instance, 0:39:55.360 --> 0:39:58.719 you know, Dapple the Dakota Access Pipeline in twenty sixteen, 0:39:59.400 --> 0:40:02.800 and kind of I think that's one of the more 0:40:03.760 --> 0:40:07.640 recent events that have really illustrated on a wide scale, 0:40:07.840 --> 0:40:15.160 like globally about indigenous movements, sovereign movements, and then especially 0:40:15.200 --> 0:40:18.799 when it comes to environmental justice. But what you saw 0:40:18.880 --> 0:40:26.400 there was encroachment on tribal treaty land within what it 0:40:26.400 --> 0:40:29.440 had to do with the Dakota Access pipeline. So although 0:40:29.480 --> 0:40:33.480 it didn't cross some of the current reservation borders, it 0:40:33.560 --> 0:40:36.480 was in treaty land, you know that kind of thing. 0:40:37.320 --> 0:40:39.960 The same thing with Stop line three, how it encroached 0:40:39.960 --> 0:40:42.480 on like the hunting land and the farmland that was 0:40:42.520 --> 0:40:47.080 not technically in the like residential like like like, not 0:40:47.120 --> 0:40:49.239 in like the reservation area where people live, but it's 0:40:49.280 --> 0:40:52.400 in the surrounding area that is for hunting that is 0:40:52.440 --> 0:40:55.960 specified in the treaty, and keep trying to use these 0:40:56.040 --> 0:40:58.000 loopholes to get the pipelines through. 0:40:58.440 --> 0:41:00.440 Right right, And so I think what we see as 0:41:00.520 --> 0:41:05.359 a lot of solidarity across tribes because this is not new, 0:41:05.719 --> 0:41:08.880 this has never been new, and a lot of tribes 0:41:08.920 --> 0:41:11.560 can relate to that. And what you've seen and what 0:41:11.640 --> 0:41:14.759 I've hoped that I've highlighted throughout this kind of very 0:41:14.800 --> 0:41:19.799 brief overview of vetereral new policy is the different ways 0:41:20.040 --> 0:41:26.320 that indigenous rights to land and sovereignty has been attacked 0:41:26.440 --> 0:41:31.600 in different forms by settler and colonial governments. And I 0:41:31.640 --> 0:41:34.319 think that the day and age that we live in 0:41:34.440 --> 0:41:39.920 now has allowed for sort of more widespread solidarity, especially 0:41:39.960 --> 0:41:44.360 over social media. And so when we say land back, 0:41:45.200 --> 0:41:48.640 for me, how I interpret it as what people mean 0:41:48.680 --> 0:41:53.040 when they're saying it is recognition of our tribal sovereignty, 0:41:53.120 --> 0:41:56.319 of our right to this land that has not been respected. 0:41:56.760 --> 0:42:01.279 And then I also think that it means, well, if 0:42:01.320 --> 0:42:05.040 these treaties aren't being respected, then how is this treaty 0:42:05.280 --> 0:42:07.080 still valid? 0:42:07.719 --> 0:42:07.919 Right? 0:42:08.160 --> 0:42:10.680 How come we aren't getting our land back because you're 0:42:10.719 --> 0:42:13.760 not upholding your end of the deal. Well, some people 0:42:13.840 --> 0:42:18.320 also might mean and recognize that this whole United States 0:42:18.320 --> 0:42:21.520 government is a settler state right based on the doctrine 0:42:21.520 --> 0:42:30.080 of discovery, which is based on denying tribes and American 0:42:30.160 --> 0:42:34.719 Indians of their rights to this land. So some people 0:42:34.800 --> 0:42:37.080 might take it to this whole other context of yeah, 0:42:37.120 --> 0:42:40.120 well maybe this is all of our land, et cetera, 0:42:40.160 --> 0:42:43.520 et cetera. But in practice, what does this look like? 0:42:43.920 --> 0:42:47.279 And I think in practice a lot of people are 0:42:47.360 --> 0:42:52.600 seeing it with reparations or people buying land back for 0:42:52.840 --> 0:42:55.160 tribes and giving it back to tribes, and we have 0:42:55.280 --> 0:42:59.360 seen some of that, or also just people interrupting the 0:42:59.440 --> 0:43:03.440 narrative in their own mind of their euro American identity, 0:43:03.600 --> 0:43:10.080 so not non American Indians and primarily European settlers and 0:43:10.160 --> 0:43:13.960 their history of their own families taking part of the 0:43:14.000 --> 0:43:19.160 setler colonial process, and how has that what about their lands. 0:43:19.200 --> 0:43:25.880 There's everyone who descends, I guess, from these these settlers, 0:43:25.920 --> 0:43:27.840 and I want to be specific when I'm talking about 0:43:27.840 --> 0:43:33.600 Euro American settlers and how they currently benefit from these systems. 0:43:34.480 --> 0:43:38.720 And I think by saying land back, it's we're able 0:43:38.760 --> 0:43:44.120 to highlight this movement for tribal sovereignty and recognition on 0:43:44.200 --> 0:43:47.920 a global scale instead of searching for justice within the 0:43:47.960 --> 0:43:51.640 quote unquote like searching for justice within the courts of 0:43:51.680 --> 0:43:55.760 the conqueror, How how do we expect for the conqueror 0:43:55.800 --> 0:43:58.960 to be held accountable for all of these atrocities attempts 0:43:58.960 --> 0:44:02.480 of genocide is simile, et cetera. By taking it more 0:44:02.520 --> 0:44:05.720 towards a global scale, such as no adaptle highlighting these 0:44:05.760 --> 0:44:11.200 to other people as these are injustices, this is this 0:44:11.280 --> 0:44:16.719 is ongoing genocide. I think that land back has many, 0:44:16.960 --> 0:44:22.239 like a plethora of meanings in that sense. Yeah, yeah, 0:44:22.280 --> 0:44:26.160 I hope that answers your question. I myself might use 0:44:26.200 --> 0:44:32.840 it in in some some different ways because land as 0:44:32.920 --> 0:44:37.040 we conceive it to be property kind of grew. That 0:44:37.160 --> 0:44:44.080 concept grew in conversation with Euro American conceptions of property. 0:44:44.160 --> 0:44:48.200 So I think that moving forward, when we talk about 0:44:48.239 --> 0:44:53.680 decolonization as a process and not like a metaphor, that 0:44:54.600 --> 0:44:59.000 thinking of land back not within that whole idea of 0:44:59.080 --> 0:45:01.759 your American profit video as well. That's that's kind of 0:45:02.520 --> 0:45:04.360 another thing to consider. 0:45:04.800 --> 0:45:06.239 Yeah, I think I think lend back will just be 0:45:06.400 --> 0:45:11.120 a whole other thing that will pay someone more qualified 0:45:11.200 --> 0:45:17.120 than our team to talk about on this show, because yeah, 0:45:17.120 --> 0:45:19.359 that's definitely, like you know, like all of the things 0:45:19.400 --> 0:45:23.359 we've we've discussed, they deserve their own deep dives by 0:45:23.760 --> 0:45:29.359 people that are uh, not me, Robert and Chris. Let's see, 0:45:29.640 --> 0:45:34.280 is there any kind of resources, either books or stuff 0:45:34.280 --> 0:45:38.200 online that you would recommend for people wanting to learn 0:45:38.200 --> 0:45:41.360 more about this history and then any kind of ways 0:45:41.440 --> 0:45:44.759 to I don't know, I guess show support in these 0:45:45.000 --> 0:45:47.080 and these kind of like efforts that are going on. 0:45:48.719 --> 0:45:53.040 Yeah, for sure. So in terms of resources and reading, 0:45:55.160 --> 0:46:01.160 I have read Lorenzo Ercini's Settler Book on settler colonialism. 0:46:02.320 --> 0:46:05.560 That's really helpful when you're trying to understand that framework 0:46:06.120 --> 0:46:08.840 in terms of getting to know kind of more of 0:46:08.880 --> 0:46:16.480 the basics of like current issues impacting tribes. The National 0:46:16.480 --> 0:46:19.040 Congress of American Indians does a lot of work on 0:46:19.080 --> 0:46:22.720 the federal level. If you want to talk more about 0:46:24.200 --> 0:46:28.200 kind of lived current lived experiences of American Indians, there's 0:46:28.239 --> 0:46:34.719 illuminatives and getting more involved in those as well. I 0:46:34.760 --> 0:46:38.040 think that they have some tips, but I would recommend 0:46:38.880 --> 0:46:41.759 everyone getting more familiar with the land that they are 0:46:41.800 --> 0:46:45.560 on currently, the tribes within their state, and what they 0:46:45.560 --> 0:46:49.319 can do not just on the local level, but on 0:46:49.360 --> 0:46:53.960 the state level to support tribal sovereignty because a lot 0:46:53.960 --> 0:46:59.000 of issues. For instance, I worked on the state policy 0:46:59.080 --> 0:47:01.759 level in Washington and in Montana, and both of those 0:47:01.920 --> 0:47:07.120 have a significant amount of tribes, but you have a 0:47:07.160 --> 0:47:11.919 lot of legislation that's trying to happen that infringes on 0:47:11.960 --> 0:47:17.720 tribal treaty rights. And the thing is is as ugly 0:47:17.760 --> 0:47:23.480 as it may be to say, but sometimes voices of 0:47:24.920 --> 0:47:30.120 non indigenous peoples are listening to more within those contexts, 0:47:30.360 --> 0:47:34.680 So you need to get more involved on those levels. 0:47:35.480 --> 0:47:41.960 What sort of like at nonprofit organizations work with your 0:47:42.080 --> 0:47:45.920 tribes or and what sort of issues are impacting tribes 0:47:45.960 --> 0:47:49.239 and again, these are all going to probably be surrounding 0:47:49.760 --> 0:47:56.160 tribal sovereignty, so maybe it's fishing access, hunting rights, et cetera. 0:47:57.400 --> 0:47:59.480 I think that's a really good way to make some 0:47:59.520 --> 0:48:05.319 more tangible change, to feel like you're doing something to 0:48:05.480 --> 0:48:10.080 support tribal sovereignty while you're also educating yourself and making 0:48:10.080 --> 0:48:13.719 sure that their voices are at the forefront. And that's 0:48:13.719 --> 0:48:18.640 also applicable to the federal level, especially with as you 0:48:18.640 --> 0:48:23.399 already said, like stop line three in Minnesota, contacting your legislators, 0:48:23.440 --> 0:48:28.200 et cetera, et cetera. And I think also with when 0:48:28.239 --> 0:48:32.839 it comes to one of one of the larger issues 0:48:32.880 --> 0:48:38.080 besides environmental justice for Indigenous peoples such as pipelines, you 0:48:38.239 --> 0:48:43.160 have right now missing a murdered Indigenous women, So looking 0:48:43.200 --> 0:48:47.000 and looking into that a little bit more and who 0:48:47.000 --> 0:48:53.000 you can support who's addressing those issues along with there 0:48:53.120 --> 0:48:59.640 is another movement with boarding schools right now, because there's 0:48:59.719 --> 0:49:05.680 been a lot of bodies of young children that have 0:49:05.760 --> 0:49:11.680 been uncovered. And this is not an issue that happened 0:49:11.719 --> 0:49:15.000 a long long time ago, like for instance, my grandmother 0:49:15.200 --> 0:49:20.800 went to a boarding school. There's still schools that, although 0:49:20.800 --> 0:49:24.240 they're not called boarding schools right now that we're boarding 0:49:24.239 --> 0:49:27.160 schools but are still in operation under different names, et cetera. 0:49:28.239 --> 0:49:32.520 So kind of familiarizing yourself with those histories. And then 0:49:32.600 --> 0:49:38.200 also there's a national I think it's called the National 0:49:39.640 --> 0:49:44.960 Boarding School Healing Coalition based out of Minnesota, and looking 0:49:45.000 --> 0:49:49.279 into them and supporting their efforts with this issue is 0:49:49.320 --> 0:49:50.480 also a good place to start. 0:49:51.280 --> 0:49:56.400 Is there anywhere that people can find you online? 0:49:56.760 --> 0:49:57.000 Yes? 0:49:59.160 --> 0:49:59.520 I don't. 0:49:59.680 --> 0:50:09.840 I don't really use social media that much. Yeah, yeah, yeah, 0:50:10.160 --> 0:50:12.359 I try not to. I don't know if I want 0:50:12.360 --> 0:50:13.320 people to find. 0:50:13.080 --> 0:50:20.000 Me, don't do it better. But it's better that people 0:50:20.040 --> 0:50:23.160 don't find anyone online. It's better we're all just just 0:50:23.920 --> 0:50:27.640 posting into the void. There's nothing, just just the void. 0:50:28.480 --> 0:50:32.680 Well that that is I think gonna wrap up what 0:50:32.760 --> 0:50:35.680 we have today, Chris, Do you want to close us 0:50:35.680 --> 0:50:36.520 out with a funny bit? 0:50:37.800 --> 0:50:45.000 I light your local gas station on fire. Wow, Jesus 0:50:45.160 --> 0:50:51.719 Christ killing here? Oh my god, geez wow. All right, 0:50:51.760 --> 0:51:15.800 goodbye for buddy. 0:51:16.520 --> 0:51:20.080 You probably don't remember passage of Title forty two, let 0:51:20.120 --> 0:51:22.440 alone that of Title forty two taped to six a 0:51:22.600 --> 0:51:26.799 sub chapter two, Part G Section two sixty four. But 0:51:27.000 --> 0:51:29.160 it's a part of US federal law that gives the 0:51:29.200 --> 0:51:32.239 government the authority to take emergency action to keep communical 0:51:32.280 --> 0:51:35.840 diseases out of the country. The portion which allows a 0:51:35.920 --> 0:51:39.439 sweeping disregard for asylum. Law passed in nineteen forty four, 0:51:40.000 --> 0:51:43.279 reads in one giant run on paragraph sentences. 0:51:42.800 --> 0:51:46.600 Follows, whenever the Surgeon General determines that, by reason of 0:51:46.640 --> 0:51:49.880 the existence of any communicable disease in a foreign country, 0:51:49.920 --> 0:51:52.720 there is serious danger of the introduction of such disease 0:51:52.800 --> 0:51:55.360 into the United States, and that this danger is so 0:51:55.480 --> 0:51:58.279 increased by the introduction of persons or property from such 0:51:58.320 --> 0:52:00.799 country that a suspension of the right to introduce such 0:52:00.840 --> 0:52:03.440 persons and property is required in the interest of the 0:52:03.440 --> 0:52:06.920 public health. The Surgeon General, in accordance with regulations approved 0:52:06.920 --> 0:52:09.400 by the President, shall have the power to prohibit in 0:52:09.440 --> 0:52:12.120 a whole or in part, the introduction of persons and 0:52:12.200 --> 0:52:15.240 property from such countries or places as he shall designate, 0:52:15.280 --> 0:52:17.920 in order to avert such danger, and for such period 0:52:17.960 --> 0:52:20.320 of time as he may deem necessary for such purpose. 0:52:20.920 --> 0:52:24.520 Before President Donald Trump's administration used it on March twentieth, 0:52:24.520 --> 0:52:27.800 twenty twenty, it had been used only in nineteen twenty 0:52:27.880 --> 0:52:30.200 nine to keep ships from China and the Philippines from 0:52:30.320 --> 0:52:34.040 entering US ports during to meningitis outbreak, but in March 0:52:34.040 --> 0:52:36.640 of twenty twenty, when you probably weren't paying much attention 0:52:36.760 --> 0:52:39.279 because the world was falling apart, or when I just 0:52:39.360 --> 0:52:41.920 returned from a work trip to Rwanda, where I was 0:52:42.040 --> 0:52:45.200 months before any precautions appeared in the USA screened for 0:52:45.280 --> 0:52:49.640 a novel coronavirus. The Trump administration cited this public health 0:52:49.760 --> 0:52:53.279 law in instructions to the Department of Homeland Security on 0:52:53.440 --> 0:52:58.000 restrictions for migrants entering the United States. That very same day, 0:52:58.360 --> 0:53:02.400 Center for Disease Control Direct Robert R. Redfield relied on 0:53:02.440 --> 0:53:06.640 this regulation to issue an order suspending the introduction into 0:53:06.640 --> 0:53:09.960 the United States of certain individuals who had been in 0:53:10.200 --> 0:53:15.279 quote unquote coronavirus impacted areas and quote who would be 0:53:15.320 --> 0:53:18.920 introduced into a congregate setting at the port of entry 0:53:19.239 --> 0:53:23.120 or a border station. This includes individuals coming from Canada 0:53:23.239 --> 0:53:26.439 or Mexico who would normally be detained by CBP after 0:53:26.520 --> 0:53:30.480 arriving at the border, people including asylum seekers and accompanied children, 0:53:30.760 --> 0:53:33.520 and people attending to enter the United States between ports 0:53:33.520 --> 0:53:37.960 of entry. Citing the new CDC order, that same day, 0:53:38.160 --> 0:53:42.080 the Border patrol began expelling individuals who arrived at the 0:53:42.160 --> 0:53:47.239 US Mexico border without giving them the opportunity to seek asylum. 0:53:47.600 --> 0:53:51.160 Reports indicate the CDC scientist expressed opposition to the invocation 0:53:51.200 --> 0:53:53.799 of Title forty two, arguing that there was really no 0:53:53.880 --> 0:53:57.880 public health rationale to support it. Ever since then, public 0:53:57.920 --> 0:54:01.120 health experts outside the CDC have gones continue to agree, 0:54:01.560 --> 0:54:05.040 arguing that while international borders largely remain open to other travelers, 0:54:05.280 --> 0:54:07.800 there is no need to turn away refugees and expel 0:54:07.840 --> 0:54:10.560 them to their home countries or send them to Mexico. 0:54:10.880 --> 0:54:15.000 Despite this, DHS has been applying Title forty two to 0:54:15.120 --> 0:54:18.560 migrants for three years since then, and people have been 0:54:18.600 --> 0:54:21.080 turned away without getting a chance to plead their case 0:54:21.080 --> 0:54:23.120 for asylum three million times. 0:54:24.360 --> 0:54:24.520 Now. 0:54:24.560 --> 0:54:27.799 Trump is no longer president, but Title forty two has persisted. 0:54:28.239 --> 0:54:31.400 It's actually persisted for much longer under Biden's watch two 0:54:31.520 --> 0:54:34.840 years and four months than it did under Trump ten months. 0:54:35.280 --> 0:54:38.399 But we'll get to that part later. First, let's look 0:54:38.440 --> 0:54:41.200 at what this bureaucratic wrinkle does when it's supplied for 0:54:41.280 --> 0:54:44.759 three years across the land border spanning three one and 0:54:44.760 --> 0:54:48.720 forty five kilometers. That's nine hundred and fifty four miles 0:54:48.760 --> 0:54:52.280 for the Americans listening at a time when climate change, 0:54:52.560 --> 0:54:56.640 economic decline, and state and nonstate violence are driving more 0:54:56.680 --> 0:54:59.640 and more people towards the USA's southern border in the 0:54:59.640 --> 0:55:03.680 hope of better life. We're talking about the title forty 0:55:03.680 --> 0:55:06.360 two this week because it ended on Mail eleventh. In 0:55:06.400 --> 0:55:08.640 a sense, this marks an important change in immigration law, 0:55:08.800 --> 0:55:12.000 but in a sense it doesn't. Immigration was complicated and 0:55:12.040 --> 0:55:14.800 cruel for migrants and profitable for people on both sides 0:55:14.800 --> 0:55:18.080 of the border before March of twenty twenty, and it's 0:55:18.080 --> 0:55:21.440 the same after Title forty two has gone. But nonetheless, 0:55:21.440 --> 0:55:24.280 Title forty two represented a distinct change in how asylum 0:55:24.280 --> 0:55:27.440 works in the US, and, especially when combined with other 0:55:27.520 --> 0:55:31.440 Trump policies that Biden has continued, a distinct change in 0:55:31.520 --> 0:55:34.640 how many people die when coming to this country to 0:55:34.680 --> 0:55:36.720 try and have a better chance at a save future. 0:55:38.680 --> 0:55:41.960 By April of twenty twenty, Title forty two expulsions at 0:55:42.000 --> 0:55:45.400 the border overtook the previous record for expulsions under the 0:55:45.400 --> 0:55:48.759 so called Migrant Protection Protocol, which is better known as 0:55:48.840 --> 0:55:51.600 Remain in Mexico, that was set in August of twenty 0:55:51.680 --> 0:55:55.600 nineteen under an agreement reached with the Mexican government. In 0:55:55.680 --> 0:55:59.160 late March of twenty twenty, the Border Patrol began sending 0:55:59.440 --> 0:56:03.680 quote unquot quote back to Mexico most Mexican, but also 0:56:03.719 --> 0:56:08.840 Guatemala and Honduran and Saldarrean families and seeingle adults encountered 0:56:08.840 --> 0:56:12.879 at the border. This group of nationalities remained unchanged until 0:56:12.920 --> 0:56:15.680 May of twenty twenty two, when the Biden administration came 0:56:15.719 --> 0:56:19.400 to an agreement with Mexico to accept quote unquote thousands 0:56:19.560 --> 0:56:23.840 of Cubans and Nicaraguans sent from the United States to Mexico. 0:56:24.400 --> 0:56:28.759 But this doesn't really matter. You'll see that alone these episodes. 0:56:29.280 --> 0:56:32.080 Immigration law on the ground and immigration law in Washington, 0:56:32.239 --> 0:56:36.640 DC are two very different things. There has been extensive 0:56:36.719 --> 0:56:40.080 documentation of individuals expelled to Mexico who do not fit 0:56:40.239 --> 0:56:44.000 within these nationalities, including Haitian asylum seekers, some of whom 0:56:44.000 --> 0:56:48.839 I've spoken to myself. People who are expelled are often 0:56:48.920 --> 0:56:51.600 driven by bus to the nearest port of entry that's 0:56:51.640 --> 0:56:56.240 a land border crossing, and told to walk back to Mexico, 0:56:56.280 --> 0:56:59.239 often without their luggage and other belongings. I've found that 0:56:59.280 --> 0:57:03.120 luggage and belong including ID cards, clothing and even little 0:57:03.120 --> 0:57:06.520 stuffed animals all along the border in the three years 0:57:06.520 --> 0:57:09.719 since Title forty two has been in place. I asked 0:57:09.719 --> 0:57:12.000 my friend Paul to describe what we found in Texas, 0:57:12.000 --> 0:57:13.960 and we've been for a walk along the border wall 0:57:14.120 --> 0:57:16.840 during our time reporting on the National Butterfly Center. 0:57:16.920 --> 0:57:21.280 There you'd find driver's licenses, I believe. At one point 0:57:21.400 --> 0:57:27.000 we found like an almost an information packet for like 0:57:27.120 --> 0:57:29.640 it was for a teenager, a teenage girl. I remember 0:57:29.680 --> 0:57:33.880 that because we got pictures of it. And then when 0:57:33.880 --> 0:57:36.880 we took that long walk, remember we walked down the 0:57:36.880 --> 0:57:39.640 border wall, it's two two and a half mile walk 0:57:39.720 --> 0:57:42.000 something like that. When we got to the very end 0:57:42.080 --> 0:57:49.120 of the wall where the river was, there was just 0:57:49.160 --> 0:57:53.120 a giant pile of people's stuff. And some of it 0:57:53.200 --> 0:57:58.680 was obviously trash, you know, they were abandoning clothes after 0:57:58.680 --> 0:58:01.800 they changed from crossing and stuff like that, but a 0:58:01.800 --> 0:58:06.360 lot of it was full backpacks, a lot of ID 0:58:06.600 --> 0:58:12.120 documents just in piles, just piles of them. Yeah, yeah, 0:58:12.160 --> 0:58:14.640 just big piles of documents that proved who you were. 0:58:15.080 --> 0:58:17.920 The other thing we found with ladders, tons of them. 0:58:18.400 --> 0:58:22.120 Apparently someone built a gazebo out of them. The wall 0:58:22.160 --> 0:58:24.880 varies in design a bit along the border, depending on 0:58:24.960 --> 0:58:27.200 when and by whom it was built, but the trum 0:58:27.280 --> 0:58:29.680 design has a flat anti climb plate at the top. 0:58:30.200 --> 0:58:32.200 I'll let Paul describe how that's going. 0:58:32.600 --> 0:58:35.080 It was literally like somebody went to the hardware store 0:58:35.960 --> 0:58:38.480 bought two of the longest or actually sorry, three of 0:58:38.520 --> 0:58:41.400 the longest two by four as you could put two 0:58:41.440 --> 0:58:44.840 of them beside each other, and then just nailed steps 0:58:45.240 --> 0:58:48.040 up them, so you know, they were like sixteen twenty 0:58:48.120 --> 0:58:51.960 feet long, and which was enough to just climb over 0:58:51.960 --> 0:58:57.600 the wall Like there weren't There weren't many places actually, 0:58:57.640 --> 0:59:00.480 because most of the wall had that anti climb at 0:59:00.520 --> 0:59:04.200 the top, Whereas when you didn't have the anti climb barrier, 0:59:04.560 --> 0:59:06.840 you didn't actually have something to set it against. But 0:59:06.880 --> 0:59:08.520 once you put that on there, you could just lean 0:59:08.560 --> 0:59:10.680 the ladder up against it. It's like self defeating. 0:59:13.320 --> 0:59:15.840 Sometimes these expulsions are not as straightforward as a bus 0:59:15.920 --> 0:59:19.040 to nearest port of entry. CBP has carried out what 0:59:19.080 --> 0:59:22.880 are called lateral transfers by plane or bus, taking migrants 0:59:23.160 --> 0:59:26.680 to another location along the border, to towns like San 0:59:26.680 --> 0:59:29.520 Diego or El Paso, even if they entered in Arizona 0:59:29.680 --> 0:59:33.720 or California. This leaves families stranded in the town where 0:59:33.720 --> 0:59:38.080 they have no connections, no resources, and no community. Again, 0:59:38.120 --> 0:59:41.560 these are people I've met. It won't have escaped the listeners' 0:59:41.560 --> 0:59:44.880 attention that those planes and buses and other means of 0:59:44.880 --> 0:59:49.040 detention and transport are indeed congregate settings, But that doesn't 0:59:49.080 --> 0:59:52.800 seem to matter here. Title forty two didn't stop people 0:59:52.800 --> 0:59:56.200 trying to come, but it made the journey more difficult. 0:59:57.040 --> 0:59:59.440 Instead of crossing and trying to turn themselves in for 0:59:59.480 --> 1:00:03.360 asylum or approaching a port of entry, people began crossing 1:00:03.360 --> 1:00:07.160 in more remote places, places without border walls or barriers, 1:00:07.440 --> 1:00:12.280 with less frequent border patrols. In twenty twenty, the Border 1:00:12.320 --> 1:00:15.120 Patrol found two hundred and forty seven dead bodies along 1:00:15.160 --> 1:00:18.600 the border. This is unlikely to represent the full human 1:00:18.640 --> 1:00:21.600 toll of border enforcement. Many deaths in the desert go 1:00:21.720 --> 1:00:26.240 unreported and undiscovered, but it gives some kind of point 1:00:26.280 --> 1:00:29.080 of comparison for the twenty twenty one number. After a 1:00:29.120 --> 1:00:32.840 year of Title forty two, five hundred and forty six 1:00:32.880 --> 1:00:36.680 people died that year. In twenty twenty two, third year 1:00:36.680 --> 1:00:39.920 of Title forty two, eight one hundred and fifty seven 1:00:39.960 --> 1:00:43.560 people died. None of those people were guilty of any 1:00:43.560 --> 1:00:46.280 crime other than wanting a better life, but under Title 1:00:46.320 --> 1:00:49.560 forty two, they lost their lives because the US didn't 1:00:49.600 --> 1:00:52.280 give them a safe way to exercise the human right 1:00:52.440 --> 1:00:57.520 to claim asylum. One local advocate, Hamaira Yusefi from a 1:00:57.520 --> 1:00:59.760 group called PANA, the Partnership for the Advance with of 1:00:59.800 --> 1:01:03.000 New Americans, explain what Title forty two have been like 1:01:03.040 --> 1:01:05.560 for her as an advocate for asylum seekers. 1:01:05.760 --> 1:01:11.600 When the pandemic hit, we saw that Title forty two 1:01:12.120 --> 1:01:16.400 heavily restricted those who were able to seek asylum in 1:01:16.440 --> 1:01:20.560 this country. So while there was chaos happening and folks 1:01:20.720 --> 1:01:22.840 around the world who were trying to come to the 1:01:22.920 --> 1:01:25.720 United States for refuge, they were unable to do so. 1:01:26.080 --> 1:01:29.280 And what this resulted in is people taking an even 1:01:29.320 --> 1:01:33.320 more dangerous path right than before and going between the 1:01:33.600 --> 1:01:36.560 ports of entries in order to try to seek refuge. 1:01:36.640 --> 1:01:39.800 And so we have had hundreds of cases of individuals 1:01:39.800 --> 1:01:44.320 who have gotten themselves injured, who the hospitals are calling 1:01:44.400 --> 1:01:47.160 us because they've tried to cross and got injured, and 1:01:47.320 --> 1:01:49.880 where we're trying to help them with getting some basic 1:01:50.000 --> 1:01:54.080 legal services and immediate shelter and those types of things. 1:01:54.640 --> 1:01:57.840 Since Biden took off his human rights first says, it's 1:01:57.880 --> 1:02:03.280 identified more than thirteen thousand incidents of kidnapping, torture, rape, 1:02:03.520 --> 1:02:06.680 or other violent attacks on people blocked or expelled to 1:02:06.760 --> 1:02:09.959 Mexico and a Title forty two. That's because it's easy 1:02:10.000 --> 1:02:12.440 for violence to follow people who have no resources and 1:02:12.520 --> 1:02:15.800 no community to protect them. It's for that reason that 1:02:15.880 --> 1:02:18.680 you won't always see faces in my photographs at the border, 1:02:19.600 --> 1:02:21.960 and that some of the names in this series have changed, 1:02:22.080 --> 1:02:25.520 or perhaps we're just using someone's first name. It's also 1:02:25.560 --> 1:02:27.920 for that reason they're not everyone at the Border always 1:02:28.000 --> 1:02:30.560 wants to talk. But we do have some interviews coming 1:02:30.600 --> 1:02:33.480 up for you tomorrow. Here's a clip from a discussion 1:02:33.480 --> 1:02:35.320 about this which I recorded the border last week. 1:02:35.400 --> 1:02:37.720 I'm trying to get people's face, and that's what everybody 1:02:37.760 --> 1:02:38.040 is doing. 1:02:39.600 --> 1:02:41.560 I can't speak to what they're doing. That's what I'm doing. 1:02:41.720 --> 1:02:42.840 I don't know about other people. 1:02:43.080 --> 1:02:46.160 You should ask. You should if you think someone's taking 1:02:46.200 --> 1:02:47.520 a photo of you, it's okay. 1:02:47.600 --> 1:02:50.120 I don't have a why. 1:02:51.680 --> 1:02:51.880 You know? 1:02:51.960 --> 1:02:52.560 I wish I could. 1:02:53.000 --> 1:02:55.040 I could tell you people who are subject to Title 1:02:55.080 --> 1:02:57.960 forty to expulsion are not given an opportunity to contest 1:02:58.000 --> 1:03:00.680 their expulsion on the grounds it would face persecure in 1:03:00.720 --> 1:03:03.000 the country to which they will be expelled. There's a 1:03:03.080 --> 1:03:05.760 very limited exceptions Title forty two for people who quote 1:03:05.840 --> 1:03:10.480 unquote spontaneously inform CBP officers that they fear being tortured 1:03:10.480 --> 1:03:12.960 in the country to which they will be expelled. However, 1:03:13.720 --> 1:03:15.960 in order to receive an official screening by an asylum 1:03:15.960 --> 1:03:19.320 officer for exemption under that provision, the CBP officer must 1:03:19.320 --> 1:03:23.000 first determine that the claim is reasonably believable. From March 1:03:23.040 --> 1:03:26.280 twenty twenty through September twenty twenty one, just two hundred 1:03:26.320 --> 1:03:28.439 and seventy two people were granted the right to seek 1:03:28.440 --> 1:03:31.840 asylum under this exception. The use of Title forty two 1:03:31.880 --> 1:03:34.680 has been despite the relative lack of outrage sin sur 1:03:34.720 --> 1:03:39.360 Bide the administration took office bipartisan in twenty twenty one. 1:03:39.640 --> 1:03:42.840 A few weeks before Bileen's inauguration, I spent some time 1:03:42.840 --> 1:03:45.919 talking to migrants at the southern border for Slate. Many 1:03:45.920 --> 1:03:47.840 of them had come to a small, tense city that 1:03:48.040 --> 1:03:51.080 popped up just feet from the pedestrian border crossing and 1:03:51.120 --> 1:03:53.080 the country that they had traveled thousands of miles to 1:03:53.120 --> 1:03:57.000 get to but that they couldn't reach. You can see 1:03:57.080 --> 1:04:00.000 America through the fence there, but you can't get there. 1:04:01.320 --> 1:04:04.400 The camp was diverse in its composition. On one trip, 1:04:04.440 --> 1:04:08.440 I interviewed folks from Haiti, Honduras, Ol Salvador, Gatemana, and Ethiopia. 1:04:09.240 --> 1:04:10.640 Here's what one of them said to me when he 1:04:10.680 --> 1:04:14.240 asked his message to President Biden. You recognize the voices Daniel's. 1:04:14.640 --> 1:04:16.960 That's because I don't have his permission to use his voice. 1:04:17.000 --> 1:04:20.600 Here we are appealing to President Biden. We aren't bad people. 1:04:20.880 --> 1:04:22.840 Our goal is to work and get ahead in the 1:04:22.840 --> 1:04:25.280 world for our children. We don't want to go back. 1:04:25.440 --> 1:04:27.480 They will kill us, so we are here. 1:04:28.160 --> 1:04:30.800 Some of them wore Biden T shirts, which I suspect 1:04:30.880 --> 1:04:33.520 rightually a plant by right wing our Jean provocateur looking 1:04:33.600 --> 1:04:37.439 to make the new administration look weak. They needn't really 1:04:37.480 --> 1:04:39.760 have bothered with all the effort Biden would do plenty 1:04:39.800 --> 1:04:41.800 in the next few months to make himself look cruel 1:04:41.960 --> 1:04:44.600 and unkind. Before we talk about that, I want to 1:04:44.600 --> 1:04:47.360 play you a clip from Biden's first press confidence. President. 1:04:47.840 --> 1:04:51.360 You just listed the reasons that people are coming talking 1:04:51.360 --> 1:04:54.040 about in country problems, saying that it happens every year. 1:04:54.240 --> 1:04:55.080 You blamed the. 1:04:55.080 --> 1:04:58.080 Last administration, Sir. I just got back last night from 1:04:58.080 --> 1:05:01.360 a recording trip to the border where I met nine 1:05:01.400 --> 1:05:05.800 year old Jose who walked here from Honduras by himself, 1:05:06.160 --> 1:05:09.320 along with another little boy. He had that snout on him, 1:05:09.640 --> 1:05:12.600 and we were able to call his family. His mother 1:05:13.040 --> 1:05:15.920 says that she sent her son to this country because 1:05:16.000 --> 1:05:20.760 she believes that you are not deporting unaccompanied miners like 1:05:20.800 --> 1:05:24.720 her son. That's why she's sent him alone from Honduras. So, Sir, 1:05:24.840 --> 1:05:28.000 you blamed the last administration, But is your messaging and 1:05:28.120 --> 1:05:30.840 saying that these children are and will be allowed to 1:05:31.000 --> 1:05:33.360 stay in this country and work their way through this process, 1:05:33.880 --> 1:05:37.160 encouraging families like Jo says to come. 1:05:38.240 --> 1:05:38.920 Well, look. 1:05:44.280 --> 1:05:48.000 The idea that I'm going to say, which I would 1:05:48.040 --> 1:05:51.640 never do. If an unaccompanied child ends up at the border, 1:05:51.640 --> 1:05:53.480 We're just gonna let him starve to death and stay 1:05:53.480 --> 1:05:59.920 on the other side. No previous administrations dead either except Trump. 1:06:00.880 --> 1:06:03.320 I'm not going to do it. I'm not going to 1:06:03.400 --> 1:06:07.160 do it. That's why I've asked the Vice President of 1:06:07.160 --> 1:06:11.680 the United States yesterday to be the lead person I'm 1:06:11.680 --> 1:06:18.080 dealing with focusing on the fundamental reasons why people leave Honduras, Guatemala, 1:06:18.200 --> 1:06:19.800 or Salvadora in the first place. 1:06:20.480 --> 1:06:22.560 In the coming months, some of which I covered for 1:06:22.600 --> 1:06:26.400 an op ed in NBC about the Biden Administration's cruel 1:06:26.400 --> 1:06:29.200 treatment of Haitian migrants. Things on the border didn't get 1:06:29.240 --> 1:06:32.959 any better. Biden deported more Haitian people in a few 1:06:32.960 --> 1:06:36.200 weeks than the Trump administration did in a year, eight 1:06:36.320 --> 1:06:39.480 hundred and ninety five people reporting in twenty twenty versus 1:06:39.520 --> 1:06:42.800 more than one two hundred people. From January twentieth to 1:06:42.920 --> 1:06:47.240 March twenty second, twenty twenty one. While making declarations about 1:06:47.240 --> 1:06:51.320 showing compassion to migrants, the Biden administration packed Haitians onto 1:06:51.320 --> 1:06:54.600 crowded planes and buses and sent them back to Haiti 1:06:54.680 --> 1:06:58.280 in the middle of the pandemic. In March, the US 1:06:58.320 --> 1:07:03.120 sent another pointed invitation to Haitians. The US Embassy in 1:07:03.160 --> 1:07:06.320 Haiti tweeted a picture President Joe Biden looking off into 1:07:06.320 --> 1:07:08.880 the distance with a caption in both English and Haitian Creole. 1:07:09.400 --> 1:07:15.800 In Creole, it read wing kadi sa bienkie pavini. The 1:07:15.840 --> 1:07:17.240 translation above it was. 1:07:17.760 --> 1:07:20.439 I can say quite clearly don't come over. 1:07:22.120 --> 1:07:26.240 In July of that year, Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Majorcas, 1:07:26.560 --> 1:07:29.560 himself a child of parents who fled from Cuba, said 1:07:29.600 --> 1:07:32.800 that Haitians and Cubans fleeing unrest in their countries will 1:07:32.840 --> 1:07:35.280 not find safety in the US even if they have 1:07:35.320 --> 1:07:38.280 a credible claim for asylum, and especially if they flee 1:07:38.320 --> 1:07:41.760 by sea. In doing so, he was echoing statements to 1:07:41.800 --> 1:07:45.720 the US broadcast from planes flying over Haiti following the 1:07:45.760 --> 1:07:49.880 devastating earthquake in twenty ten. Following these announcements, the US 1:07:49.920 --> 1:07:52.760 diverted resources that it could have used to help people 1:07:52.760 --> 1:07:55.040 from suffering in a country which have been destroyed by 1:07:55.040 --> 1:07:59.919 a natural disaster to stop them coming to this country. 1:08:00.120 --> 1:08:04.160 He was also overlooking that under both international and domestic law, 1:08:04.160 --> 1:08:07.160 asylum seekersts are entitled to make claims no matter how 1:08:07.200 --> 1:08:10.240 they enter the country. Here's what Mayoka said at his 1:08:10.280 --> 1:08:11.000 press conference. 1:08:11.480 --> 1:08:14.360 Allow me to be clear, if you take to the sea, 1:08:14.720 --> 1:08:16.920 you will not come to the United States. 1:08:17.320 --> 1:08:20.320 Part of this hardline is because of a perceived crisis 1:08:20.360 --> 1:08:22.760 at the border. You don't have to go far on 1:08:22.800 --> 1:08:25.120 Twitter dot com before you run into people like Fox News. 1:08:25.200 --> 1:08:28.200 Is Bill Malugan yep, the tampon in the coffee guy 1:08:28.240 --> 1:08:31.960 is now a border reporter and he's shamelessly repeating CBP 1:08:32.080 --> 1:08:35.439 statistics about apprehensions on the southern border. Here he is 1:08:35.720 --> 1:08:38.160 talking to his buddy Tucker Carlson. Do you remember that guy? 1:08:38.760 --> 1:08:41.679 Bill Malujin has covered the border more closely than any 1:08:41.720 --> 1:08:43.639 reporter in the United States for the last two years, 1:08:43.680 --> 1:08:47.960 and today, in his estimation, the single largest caravan of 1:08:48.040 --> 1:08:51.320 illegal aliens flowing into this country in his two years 1:08:51.360 --> 1:08:54.120 of watching crossed. Today he broke the story. He's got 1:08:54.160 --> 1:08:56.720 remarkable video for us. He's live at the border now. 1:08:57.080 --> 1:08:58.000 Bill. Great to see you. 1:08:58.040 --> 1:09:00.640 What did you see, Tucker, Good evenings. You mentioned it 1:09:00.720 --> 1:09:03.120 right off the top. This was easily the biggest group 1:09:03.200 --> 1:09:06.000 we have ever seen during our nineteen months of covering 1:09:06.000 --> 1:09:09.000 this border crisis. And they all crossed illegally into El 1:09:09.040 --> 1:09:11.679 Paso last night, and we got some pretty wild camera 1:09:11.720 --> 1:09:13.120 footage to show you. Take a look at this. This 1:09:13.240 --> 1:09:16.719 was last night in ol Paso. A massive caravan, over 1:09:17.120 --> 1:09:21.200 one thousand illegal immigrants crossing into l Paso last night. 1:09:21.240 --> 1:09:23.559 Local media they're reporting it was potentially up to two 1:09:23.640 --> 1:09:26.679 thousand people and that it was possibly the biggest mass 1:09:26.760 --> 1:09:29.360 crossing in the city's history. Now, as you look at 1:09:29.360 --> 1:09:32.080 the video, you'll see just wave after wave after wave 1:09:32.280 --> 1:09:35.360 of these people walking across the river and then gathering 1:09:35.400 --> 1:09:37.080 on the US side of the river where they kind 1:09:37.120 --> 1:09:39.040 of form a single file line. 1:09:39.160 --> 1:09:42.120 But it's not just Fox News doing this. You'll see 1:09:42.200 --> 1:09:46.200 MPR and other more liberal outlets quoting these same statistics 1:09:46.320 --> 1:09:51.599 without the necessary context. They're not lying. Apprehensions are higher, 1:09:52.120 --> 1:09:55.080 but that is in some part because migrants are now 1:09:55.120 --> 1:09:58.920 crossing more than once. In twenty nineteen, before Title forty 1:09:58.920 --> 1:10:01.960 two went into effect, seven percent of migrants apprehended by 1:10:01.960 --> 1:10:06.280 the Border Patrol had previously been apprehended. The reapprehension rate 1:10:06.320 --> 1:10:09.559 grew to twenty seven percent in fiscal year twenty twenty two. 1:10:10.320 --> 1:10:12.400 This is because we're expelling people to places where they 1:10:12.400 --> 1:10:14.759 have no hope of a better future and not leaving 1:10:14.800 --> 1:10:17.519 them with many options other than to try again in 1:10:17.600 --> 1:10:23.120 more remote and risky settings. Meanwhile, there's much less concern 1:10:23.760 --> 1:10:26.160 from the right and from Democrats at the fact that 1:10:26.280 --> 1:10:29.840 Ukrainians are exempted from Title forty two, and Russians and 1:10:29.920 --> 1:10:33.680 Ukrainians generally experience expedited processing of the sort which one 1:10:33.720 --> 1:10:36.000 would hope this country could offer to other people escaping 1:10:36.000 --> 1:10:40.080 conflicts around the world, including many that we started. I 1:10:40.120 --> 1:10:43.559 asked my friend Gustavo Solis, a border investigative reporter at 1:10:43.640 --> 1:10:47.240 KPBS in San Diego, to summarize the Biden administration to 1:10:47.280 --> 1:10:48.639 take on Title forty two. 1:10:48.800 --> 1:10:51.360 Now, on paper of the rationalists, there's a pandemic going on. 1:10:51.439 --> 1:10:54.120 We need to stop or slow the spread of COVID nineteen. 1:10:54.680 --> 1:10:58.240 So because of this extraordinary circumstance, we need Title forty 1:10:58.280 --> 1:11:03.400 two to shore up the order that was bullshit, and 1:11:03.479 --> 1:11:06.959 we know that now through reporting that it was total bullshit. 1:11:07.000 --> 1:11:11.200 We know that from as early as twenty eighteen, Stephen Miller, 1:11:11.240 --> 1:11:16.000 Trump's White House aid wanted to use Title forty two 1:11:15.800 --> 1:11:20.200 to stop this type of migration. We know that Vice 1:11:20.240 --> 1:11:23.440 President Mike Pence pressured the top doctors at the CDC 1:11:24.240 --> 1:11:27.000 into doing this, basically saying, if you don't do this, 1:11:27.040 --> 1:11:29.800 you might lose your job. Because even then in March 1:11:29.840 --> 1:11:32.840 twenty twenty, doctors at the CDC knew that there was 1:11:32.880 --> 1:11:35.360 no real public health rationale for this. I mean, if 1:11:35.400 --> 1:11:37.639 you look at the order, it's supposed to stop COVID, 1:11:37.680 --> 1:11:41.400 but there weren't any exceptions for migrants who were vaccinated 1:11:41.560 --> 1:11:45.720 or there was no testing component to it. So that's 1:11:45.800 --> 1:11:48.600 kind of the beginning of Title forty two. By the 1:11:48.600 --> 1:11:51.360 time Biden came in office, Biden had promised to end 1:11:51.400 --> 1:11:55.439 it along with Roman in Mexico and restore the humane 1:11:55.479 --> 1:11:59.280 asylum system. But he kept Title forty two in place. 1:11:59.320 --> 1:12:01.760 And he didn't just keep it in place, he expanded 1:12:01.800 --> 1:12:05.360 it to include nationalities that weren't included when Trump first 1:12:05.439 --> 1:12:06.080 rolled it out. 1:12:06.479 --> 1:12:08.920 Even as a legal battle went back and forth, another 1:12:09.000 --> 1:12:12.559 major bottleneck emerged in a migration system in the form 1:12:12.600 --> 1:12:15.920 of never ending clusterfuck. That is the CBP one app. 1:12:16.080 --> 1:12:18.800 Again a let Gustavo explain his reporting here. 1:12:19.360 --> 1:12:22.400 It actually kind of started with the Ukrainians. That was 1:12:22.840 --> 1:12:26.400 kind of how they started using it for the asylum context. 1:12:26.439 --> 1:12:33.120 But CBP one is essentially a phone app for asylum, 1:12:33.479 --> 1:12:36.400 and on paper it kind of makes sense, right instead 1:12:36.400 --> 1:12:39.680 of like, you know, Joe Biden and the Dems are 1:12:39.760 --> 1:12:42.360 really terrified of the optics of a lot of people 1:12:42.439 --> 1:12:46.320 at the border, and they a lot of their policy 1:12:46.600 --> 1:12:50.240 is revolved around stopping that right. They don't want masses 1:12:50.240 --> 1:12:54.120 of people at the border. The CBP one app aims 1:12:54.160 --> 1:12:56.960 to address that by telling micros, hey, instead of coming 1:12:56.960 --> 1:12:58.839 all the way to Mexico and showing up the border, 1:12:59.080 --> 1:13:03.080 just download this app and schedule an appointment to come here, 1:13:03.840 --> 1:13:06.519 and we'll let you to see if you're eligible for 1:13:06.520 --> 1:13:12.920 asylum or not. Another example of a policy in Washington, 1:13:12.960 --> 1:13:16.720 DC that has no reality in what's going on the 1:13:16.720 --> 1:13:22.639 border because migrants live in shelters with really bad Wi 1:13:22.680 --> 1:13:28.559 Fi access, and they have crappy phones. So what I've 1:13:28.600 --> 1:13:31.920 found in the reporting is that CBP one rewards people 1:13:31.960 --> 1:13:34.960 with the best phones, not necessarily people who are most vulnerable. 1:13:35.439 --> 1:13:38.160 And the story I came out with last week was 1:13:38.200 --> 1:13:41.120 about how data from the Mexican government shows that at 1:13:41.200 --> 1:13:45.240 least in Tijuana, about forty four percent of every migrant 1:13:45.240 --> 1:13:47.800 who has gotten a CBP one application to enter the 1:13:47.840 --> 1:13:52.559 country is a Russian national, and Russian nationals makeup at 1:13:52.680 --> 1:13:56.879 most ten percent of the overall migrant population in Tijuana. 1:13:56.920 --> 1:14:02.240 So you have this situation where a relatively affluent ten 1:14:02.320 --> 1:14:06.080 percent of the population is getting almost half of these 1:14:06.160 --> 1:14:09.360 humanitarian protection appointments that are designed for the world's most 1:14:09.439 --> 1:14:13.519 vulnerable people. And that's what if you one does like 1:14:13.640 --> 1:14:17.040 it they call it the Ticketmaster of asylum, and that's 1:14:17.080 --> 1:14:20.799 not a compliment. That is like ticketmaster fucking sucks. Nobody 1:14:20.920 --> 1:14:21.320 likes it. 1:14:21.760 --> 1:14:24.600 I also spoke to Caba, an activist who participated a 1:14:24.680 --> 1:14:27.240 mutual aid at the border. We talked about the app 1:14:27.439 --> 1:14:30.519 because Caba has some professional insight into the technologies used. 1:14:31.120 --> 1:14:34.240 I do data science and machine learning the native things 1:14:34.280 --> 1:14:39.600 for a living. And the problem of building these systems 1:14:39.640 --> 1:14:44.000 trained entirely on databases of white faces and then the 1:14:44.160 --> 1:14:51.719 motain working for people, you know, the backgrounds is very 1:14:51.760 --> 1:14:54.880 well known in this field. That is a very well 1:14:54.920 --> 1:14:59.479 documented issue for more than a decade. And anyone that 1:14:59.520 --> 1:15:01.720 could tell you by building a facial recognition or some 1:15:01.800 --> 1:15:05.560 kind of a camera app that does image processing and 1:15:05.560 --> 1:15:07.680 and I'm only training it on my face, is it 1:15:08.040 --> 1:15:10.519 like that this is a This is not something that 1:15:10.640 --> 1:15:14.000 I think any competent, separate development house would have done 1:15:14.240 --> 1:15:18.679 and not expected. So I have a hard time believing 1:15:19.000 --> 1:15:22.320 that the whole chain of everyone's had to go through 1:15:22.360 --> 1:15:26.280 from the developers on up to you know, anyone who 1:15:26.400 --> 1:15:30.400 does it or you know has authority of these things 1:15:30.479 --> 1:15:35.400 at CBP or Homland Security. This is just it's it's 1:15:35.439 --> 1:15:39.280 it's like, I don't know, it's it's, it's, it's it's 1:15:39.320 --> 1:15:41.240 hard to believe that this was enough. 1:15:42.640 --> 1:15:45.160 Anyway, before we get too far from discussing things to 1:15:45.280 --> 1:15:50.559 fucking suck, he's an advertising break. You might be wondering 1:15:50.600 --> 1:15:53.040 why Title forty two is ending now and how we 1:15:53.120 --> 1:15:55.200 got here, given there seems to be a consensus in 1:15:55.280 --> 1:15:57.360 DC that the border is in crisis, and that that 1:15:57.479 --> 1:15:59.479 crisis is not that people were leaving to die on 1:15:59.479 --> 1:16:01.559 the streets the other side or in the deserts of 1:16:01.600 --> 1:16:05.080 California and Arizona, but the people were allowing to come 1:16:05.160 --> 1:16:08.000 to the richest country that's ever existed from countries that 1:16:08.040 --> 1:16:10.720 we've destabilized for decades to have a chance of a 1:16:10.720 --> 1:16:14.800 decent life. Well, the answer is complicated. Some of it's 1:16:14.800 --> 1:16:16.920 a bit too complicated for me to really spend the 1:16:16.960 --> 1:16:19.519 time explaining, and you don't really need to know the 1:16:19.520 --> 1:16:22.360 ins and outs of court cases to understand that. Essentially, 1:16:22.960 --> 1:16:26.000 the Biden administration had planned to end Title forty two 1:16:26.680 --> 1:16:30.200 in late twenty twenty two, right after the midterms. Title 1:16:30.240 --> 1:16:33.280 forty two actually became theoretically unenforceable in November of that 1:16:33.400 --> 1:16:36.120 year thanks to a court ruling, but the Supreme Court 1:16:36.120 --> 1:16:39.000 in December prevented the Biden administration from ending Title forty two, 1:16:39.600 --> 1:16:41.559 while the Justice is considered a request by a group 1:16:41.600 --> 1:16:44.800 of Republican led states that want to continue the expulsions, 1:16:45.120 --> 1:16:49.080 which had previously been decaarred unlawful by lower court. Biden's 1:16:49.080 --> 1:16:52.320 Department of Justice had previously defended Title forty two as 1:16:52.360 --> 1:16:55.240 necessary to public health, but by the end of twenty 1:16:55.280 --> 1:16:57.840 twenty two, they were ready to end enforcement a Title 1:16:57.880 --> 1:17:00.160 forty two politically, even if there were no way when 1:17:00.240 --> 1:17:04.599 near prepared on the ground. A coalition of Republican led states, however, 1:17:04.800 --> 1:17:06.880 managed to get a federal judge in Louisiana to prevent 1:17:06.920 --> 1:17:10.280 officials fremending Title forty two, saying the Biden administration and 1:17:10.280 --> 1:17:14.400 had not taken adequate steps required to terminate the policy. Then, 1:17:14.439 --> 1:17:17.240 on November fifteenth, another federal judge declared Title forty two 1:17:17.240 --> 1:17:19.920 are lawful, saying the CDC had not properly explained the 1:17:19.920 --> 1:17:22.720 policy's public health ration art or considered its impact on 1:17:22.760 --> 1:17:26.120 asylum seekers. At the request of the Biden administration, the 1:17:26.200 --> 1:17:29.240 judge gave border officials five weeks until December the twenty 1:17:29.280 --> 1:17:33.719 first to end Title forty two nineteen, Republican led States 1:17:33.800 --> 1:17:37.120 asked several courts to delay Title forty two's resision indefinitely, 1:17:37.760 --> 1:17:41.600 warning that chaos would otherwise ensue. After their request was 1:17:41.600 --> 1:17:44.320 denied by lower courts, the States asked a Supreme Court 1:17:44.360 --> 1:17:47.760 to intervene. On December twenty seventh, the Supreme Court said 1:17:47.760 --> 1:17:50.080 it would suspend the lower court order that found Title 1:17:50.120 --> 1:17:53.200 forty two to be illegal until it decided whether the 1:17:53.240 --> 1:17:55.880 Republican led States should be allowed to intervene in the case. 1:17:56.320 --> 1:17:59.760 That's some Christmas spirit for you. Eventually, with the end 1:17:59.800 --> 1:18:02.840 of the federal emergency over COVID nineteen, Title forty two 1:18:03.040 --> 1:18:06.400 just kind of went away. Customs and Border Protection, the 1:18:06.439 --> 1:18:08.840 federal agency which put up the most staunch resistance to 1:18:08.920 --> 1:18:12.560 vaccine mandates, would begin processing migrants under Title eight of 1:18:12.680 --> 1:18:15.559 US immigration law on the eleventh of May twenty twenty three. 1:18:16.360 --> 1:18:19.360 I'll let them summarize what they see this to mean. 1:18:20.000 --> 1:18:24.559 According to the USCIS website, individuals who unlawfully cross the 1:18:24.560 --> 1:18:28.840 Southwest border will generally be processed under Title eight expedited 1:18:28.920 --> 1:18:32.920 removal authorities. In a matter of days, they will be 1:18:32.960 --> 1:18:35.120 barred from re entry to the United States for at 1:18:35.200 --> 1:18:38.280 least five years if ordered removed, and they will be 1:18:38.320 --> 1:18:42.719 presumed ineligible for asylum under the proposed Circumvention of Lawful 1:18:42.760 --> 1:18:47.880 Pathways regulation absent and applicable exception. What this means is, 1:18:47.920 --> 1:18:51.840 if you cross into the United States not of the pordamentry, 1:18:51.960 --> 1:18:55.479 you will be assumed ineligible for asylum and the process 1:18:55.520 --> 1:18:58.040 to remove you from the United States will begin immediately. 1:18:58.800 --> 1:19:00.639 You have a chance to file a de into asylum 1:19:00.680 --> 1:19:04.200 claim against that, but the process could be rushed and 1:19:04.280 --> 1:19:09.040 more difficult. Despite this and having almost three years to repair, 1:19:09.720 --> 1:19:14.080 they were by no means. Ready, let's hear from Gustavo again. Gustavo, 1:19:14.120 --> 1:19:17.720 can you explain to us a little bit about what 1:19:17.800 --> 1:19:20.800 you found that by the administration has been planning for 1:19:20.920 --> 1:19:22.320 the end of Title forty two. 1:19:23.479 --> 1:19:26.320 Yeah, what I found is they haven't really been doing 1:19:26.400 --> 1:19:30.040 much planning, right, I mean they talk about I think 1:19:30.040 --> 1:19:34.040 with Title forty two, it's a clear example of immigration 1:19:34.160 --> 1:19:38.800 policy being decided in Washington and no one really from 1:19:38.800 --> 1:19:43.040 the border being involved or told what's going on. So, like, 1:19:43.080 --> 1:19:48.080 I think it was last week the HS Secretary Majorca 1:19:48.640 --> 1:19:51.000 did this press release about what they're doing in terms 1:19:51.000 --> 1:19:56.080 of processing centers in Guatemala and Colombia so people can 1:19:56.160 --> 1:19:58.080 just go there instead of coming all the way to 1:19:58.120 --> 1:20:01.519 the border, which actually there have been timelines of when 1:20:01.520 --> 1:20:04.400 those will open. But they had asked all these things 1:20:04.439 --> 1:20:07.360 for like big picture things, right, to stop people from 1:20:07.360 --> 1:20:10.280 coming in the first place, expanding some legal pathways, like 1:20:10.439 --> 1:20:13.320 making it easier for people with families already here to 1:20:13.360 --> 1:20:18.040 get sponsors, fixing some of the little things with CVP one, 1:20:18.920 --> 1:20:23.240 but they don't talk about like on the ground logistics right. So, 1:20:23.320 --> 1:20:26.400 for example, I went to Tijuana to talk to the 1:20:26.439 --> 1:20:30.200 head of the Department of Migrant Affairs there who told 1:20:30.240 --> 1:20:33.679 me this, and I checked with him yesterday morning, who said, 1:20:34.280 --> 1:20:37.200 still to this day, less than forty eight hours before 1:20:37.200 --> 1:20:39.719 Title forty two ends, he doesn't know how many migrants 1:20:39.760 --> 1:20:42.799 CBP will allow to cross through the ports of entry 1:20:42.920 --> 1:20:48.080 in Sandy Seerro. His guess is that maybe two hundred, 1:20:48.080 --> 1:20:49.920 because that's kind of the number that they floated around 1:20:49.960 --> 1:20:53.200 in December when they originally wanted to get rid of 1:20:53.200 --> 1:20:56.639 Title forty two before their lawsuit. And if it's two hundred, 1:20:56.680 --> 1:20:59.519 he basically said, Tijuana is going to be screwed because 1:21:00.080 --> 1:21:02.679 two hundred doesn't even cover the number of new migrants 1:21:02.720 --> 1:21:05.960 coming in and deporties being sent to Tijuana. So it's 1:21:06.000 --> 1:21:09.639 gonna like we have this bottleneck of migration in Tijuana 1:21:09.680 --> 1:21:12.439 and all over the border because of Title forty two. 1:21:12.439 --> 1:21:14.479 For the last three years, no one's been able to move. 1:21:15.880 --> 1:21:18.479 And if they just open it up to two hundred people, 1:21:18.479 --> 1:21:20.640 that's not really going to address any of the bottleneck. 1:21:21.680 --> 1:21:25.000 Right There's like, I think, is it sixteen thousand people 1:21:25.400 --> 1:21:28.479 are waiting like an asylum application right now? 1:21:28.560 --> 1:21:28.760 Yeah? 1:21:28.840 --> 1:21:29.040 Yeah. 1:21:29.160 --> 1:21:32.400 I hear different numbers throwing around, like ten, thy, fifteen, sixteen, 1:21:32.800 --> 1:21:34.920 and nobody really knows because there's like a network of 1:21:34.920 --> 1:21:37.960 official shelters, and there's a bunch of unofficial shelters, and 1:21:38.040 --> 1:21:40.960 there's a bunch of Russian dudes staying in hotels in airbnbs. 1:21:41.200 --> 1:21:44.959 But I think, yeah, tens of thousands. I think sixteen 1:21:45.000 --> 1:21:46.559 is an accurate number. 1:21:47.120 --> 1:21:48.920 I think it's intructive here to listen to the Fox 1:21:48.960 --> 1:21:51.600 News coverage of this and how much Secretary of my 1:21:51.720 --> 1:21:53.720 Orcus tries to panda to them. 1:21:53.720 --> 1:21:57.280 Want to be very clear, our borders are not open. 1:21:57.400 --> 1:22:00.800 Home in Security Secretary Alejandro Majorcis said when Title forty 1:22:00.800 --> 1:22:03.760 two expires at midnight tonight, anyone who arrives at the 1:22:03.800 --> 1:22:08.160 southern border will be presumed ineligible for asylum and face consequences. 1:22:08.479 --> 1:22:12.400 But withholding facilities already overwhelmed, the administration is ratcheting up 1:22:12.439 --> 1:22:15.919 tough rhetoric while also clearing the way for mass releases 1:22:15.960 --> 1:22:19.479 into US communities with no way for authorities to track people. 1:22:19.720 --> 1:22:22.000 You said at the beginning that you've prepared for this 1:22:22.160 --> 1:22:25.439 moment for almost two years. So why is part of 1:22:25.439 --> 1:22:27.160 that plan and honor system. 1:22:28.000 --> 1:22:29.880 Oh, it is not an honor system. 1:22:30.000 --> 1:22:32.879 They are a subject of our apprehension efforts. 1:22:32.920 --> 1:22:35.880 But under parole release authorized by the US Border Patrol 1:22:35.960 --> 1:22:39.599 Chief last night, migrants do not receive an alien registration 1:22:39.720 --> 1:22:42.120 number for authorities to track them. They don't even get 1:22:42.120 --> 1:22:45.000 a court date. Instead, migrants are asked to turn themselves 1:22:45.040 --> 1:22:49.280 into Ice within sixty days to start immigration proceedings on themselves. 1:22:49.360 --> 1:22:50.640 The American people are watching this. 1:22:50.800 --> 1:22:51.920 They know what they see. 1:22:52.040 --> 1:22:53.479 They see a wide open border. 1:22:53.520 --> 1:22:57.000 Florida's Attorney General is suing the administration, arguing the parole 1:22:57.040 --> 1:22:59.920 plan is identical to a policy a federal judge struck 1:23:00.120 --> 1:23:01.280 down earlier this year. 1:23:01.439 --> 1:23:03.639 You have confidence in the lawfulness of our actions. 1:23:03.760 --> 1:23:06.519 Plans to release migrants at bus stops, gas stations, and 1:23:06.600 --> 1:23:09.920 supermarkets was first detailed last year, according to a memo 1:23:10.080 --> 1:23:13.760 uncovered by the Florida Legal Proceedings. Today, Texas Governor Greg 1:23:13.800 --> 1:23:17.160 Abbott sent a busload of migrants to the Vice President's Residents. 1:23:17.680 --> 1:23:21.120 Greg Abbot's disgusting antics aside, there was a real attempt 1:23:21.160 --> 1:23:23.760 by the Biden deministration to come to Republican side on 1:23:23.840 --> 1:23:27.320 migration that we can see clearly here in the hours 1:23:27.320 --> 1:23:30.920 before we expected Title forty two to die. Folks like 1:23:31.000 --> 1:23:34.839 me who cover the border made plans the day before. 1:23:35.240 --> 1:23:38.240 On the tenth, Majorcas announced the Title forty two would 1:23:38.240 --> 1:23:41.800 be enforced up until eleven fifty nine pm Eastern time, 1:23:42.800 --> 1:23:46.200 and in San Diego, Border Patrol offices closed down the 1:23:46.240 --> 1:23:49.360 port of entry at Sandy Sedra, the border town just 1:23:49.400 --> 1:23:52.519 south of San Diego, for a training exercise in which 1:23:52.560 --> 1:23:54.519 they lined up in front of the cars waiting to 1:23:54.520 --> 1:24:00.760 cross the border with plexiglass shields and riotgear. Meanwhile, in 1:24:00.800 --> 1:24:04.280 between the two thirty football offenses that divide San Asidra 1:24:04.360 --> 1:24:11.280 from Tijuana, Board of Patrol began corraling migrants Afghans, Colombians, Vietnamese, 1:24:11.400 --> 1:24:16.200 Koreans and Golan Sudanese Tagiks and Congolese people all shared 1:24:16.240 --> 1:24:18.600 little more than a few tarps and cardboard boxes for 1:24:18.640 --> 1:24:22.760 shelter as they waited for something to happen. Despite having 1:24:22.800 --> 1:24:25.840 months to repair in years to plan, it appears at 1:24:25.880 --> 1:24:28.400 Department of Home Land Security totally failed to create so 1:24:28.520 --> 1:24:31.799 much as a scrap of shade or shelter, and instead 1:24:31.880 --> 1:24:35.519 chose to house people detain pending processing in the open air. 1:24:36.240 --> 1:24:38.599 In tomorrow's episode, We'll hear from some. 1:24:38.520 --> 1:24:45.559 Of them went on yelling and Genlink Bob, Molly, it's 1:24:45.600 --> 1:24:49.000 going off, not going likely, and Elma see im for 1:24:49.080 --> 1:24:54.080 the sky and Mama said, some push free and for 1:24:54.280 --> 1:24:57.400 them must smile them. No, no, i'must and Red vie 1:24:57.479 --> 1:25:03.240 Gannata gonna watch me. Hey man, grateful man, grateful I 1:25:03.520 --> 1:25:07.960 when not in an aguan MANASMI Yeah, once there is 1:25:08.000 --> 1:25:11.400 a live got a'll want give me everything for some 1:25:11.640 --> 1:25:16.840 five Yeah love sakries pick up to dom, I got 1:25:16.840 --> 1:25:20.280 to eat on combakom sin Yeah man, that's it one 1:25:20.400 --> 1:25:21.679 love Oh. 1:25:22.280 --> 1:25:24.760 On the eleventh of May this year, title forty two 1:25:24.840 --> 1:25:27.920 finally ended. I stually began to write this episode the 1:25:27.960 --> 1:25:30.400 day before, on the tenth of May, but it was 1:25:30.400 --> 1:25:33.000 that day the DHS announced that Title forty two would 1:25:33.000 --> 1:25:36.599 be enforced until eight fifty nine pm Pacific or midnight Eastern. 1:25:37.120 --> 1:25:39.479 They kept Title forty two in place for every single 1:25:39.560 --> 1:25:42.880 minute they could, and that same day, five hundred active 1:25:42.920 --> 1:25:46.040 duty troops arrived in El Paso and one thousand more 1:25:46.080 --> 1:25:48.599 set off for other border towns to join the two thousand, 1:25:48.680 --> 1:25:52.400 five hundred troops already deployed to the border. According to 1:25:52.400 --> 1:25:55.120 a press release from the Apartment of Homeland Security. 1:25:55.120 --> 1:25:59.240 CBP and US Immigration and Customs Enforcement are further expanding 1:25:59.280 --> 1:26:03.120 detention compared, ramping up removal flights, and shifting agents and 1:26:03.160 --> 1:26:07.599 officers to high priority regions along the southwest border. This week, 1:26:07.720 --> 1:26:10.800 CBP opened two new holding facilities, and the Department of 1:26:10.840 --> 1:26:14.080 Health and Human Services is increasing its bed capacity to 1:26:14.120 --> 1:26:18.280 prepare for a potential increase in unaccompanied children. DHS also 1:26:18.360 --> 1:26:22.320 launched targeted enforcement operations and high priority regions along the border, 1:26:22.520 --> 1:26:26.040 including El Paso, to quickly process migrants and place them 1:26:26.040 --> 1:26:30.040 in removal proceedings. DHS last week also announced over two 1:26:30.160 --> 1:26:33.880 hundred and fifty million dollars in additional assistance for communities 1:26:33.920 --> 1:26:35.639 receiving migrants. 1:26:35.600 --> 1:26:38.120 On the ground. This assistance and planning didn't exactly meet 1:26:38.120 --> 1:26:41.080 the task at hand, albeit the specific call out of 1:26:41.120 --> 1:26:43.519 El Paso does suggest that they saw their task as 1:26:43.560 --> 1:26:46.879 not looking bad. In the right wing media hitse Mordiere 1:26:46.880 --> 1:26:49.320 recorded after a couple of hours walking around talking to 1:26:49.360 --> 1:26:52.960 people at Santisedra, where Customs and Border Protection had detained 1:26:53.000 --> 1:26:56.040 around five hundred people in between the two thirty foot 1:26:56.040 --> 1:26:59.000 fences that make up the border between Santisedro and Tijuana. 1:26:59.360 --> 1:27:02.320 I'm just for people familiar with said, you've got like 1:27:02.320 --> 1:27:07.320 in the Tijuana River Valley park by International Hill, where 1:27:07.400 --> 1:27:12.440 border patrol are holding people in between the two border fences. 1:27:12.920 --> 1:27:16.439 For those who thought we didn't have a border wall 1:27:16.840 --> 1:27:18.800 or weren't having a border wall, we have at least two, 1:27:19.120 --> 1:27:23.200 sometimes three, but right here we have two. People are 1:27:23.240 --> 1:27:25.920 being put in between these fences by border patrol. So 1:27:26.040 --> 1:27:28.879 I just spoke to some young Colombian women who had 1:27:29.439 --> 1:27:34.360 crossed about fifteen miles east of here and then being 1:27:34.560 --> 1:27:36.800 relocated here and there in between these border walls. They 1:27:36.800 --> 1:27:39.519 don't have running water. What food and water they have 1:27:39.560 --> 1:27:42.720 appear to be in surpied by volunteers on the northern side. 1:27:43.200 --> 1:27:45.200 They've just been given space blankets, but a lot of 1:27:45.240 --> 1:27:48.360 people are literally sleeping under bin bags right now. Blankets. 1:27:49.320 --> 1:27:52.080 It's pretty brief. There's one portal toilet sort of thing 1:27:52.120 --> 1:27:54.519 that we can see about five hundred people, So I 1:27:54.640 --> 1:27:57.519 kind of give you an idea of the conditions. Obviously 1:27:57.600 --> 1:27:59.679 those don't live up to the detention conditions at border 1:27:59.720 --> 1:28:04.679 patrol are supposed to hold people under. But here we are, 1:28:04.840 --> 1:28:08.919 I guess have just said that they're calling an ambulance. 1:28:08.960 --> 1:28:11.160 There have been a number of medical emergencies that nearly 1:28:11.200 --> 1:28:15.240 always are in these situations because you're holding people, you know, 1:28:15.320 --> 1:28:18.280 old people, young people, sick people, and they're in the 1:28:18.320 --> 1:28:20.240 sun all day, they're in the cold all night. If 1:28:20.240 --> 1:28:22.479 it rains, they get wet. If it's hot, they get hot, 1:28:22.680 --> 1:28:26.040 if it's cold, they get cold. Their little children were 1:28:26.080 --> 1:28:30.120 just asking me for a blanket a minute ago. She's 1:28:30.120 --> 1:28:32.800 always a pretty bleak thing. If you've not been here, 1:28:32.920 --> 1:28:34.680 you'd be forgiven for not knowing that. We have a 1:28:34.680 --> 1:28:37.560 double layer of wall separating us from our neighbors in Tijuana. 1:28:38.080 --> 1:28:40.840 Both sections are now the Trump period design. But we're 1:28:40.880 --> 1:28:42.559 standing in a place we're not so very long ago, 1:28:42.680 --> 1:28:45.400 Nancy Reagan stood and said she hoped that they wouldn't 1:28:45.400 --> 1:28:48.000 be a fence here for very long. Now there are 1:28:48.000 --> 1:28:51.400 two towering walls and their little children stuck sleeping in 1:28:51.400 --> 1:28:54.719 the dust between them. Or the aid to these people 1:28:54.800 --> 1:28:57.000 had to go through the wall, too, and that meant 1:28:57.160 --> 1:28:59.479 no hot meals because the gaps are smaller than a plate. 1:29:00.400 --> 1:29:03.599 Someone tried to bring tents, but they wouldn't fit. Everything 1:29:03.640 --> 1:29:06.800 from food to clothes to medical supplies had to go 1:29:06.840 --> 1:29:10.080 through the gaps in the wall. Hamara you Sephi, a 1:29:10.160 --> 1:29:12.880 volunteer from the Partnership for the Advancement of New Americans, 1:29:13.520 --> 1:29:15.160 described to me what she saw that night. 1:29:15.680 --> 1:29:22.040 I see about five hundred beautiful, smiling faces of people 1:29:22.080 --> 1:29:28.480 who are desperately trying to get to safety. And they're confused. 1:29:28.760 --> 1:29:30.720 They don't know what's going on. They don't know how 1:29:30.800 --> 1:29:34.920 long it will take them. You know, they many of 1:29:34.960 --> 1:29:38.640 them are aware that something is happening today. Many of 1:29:38.680 --> 1:29:41.639 them are asking, does this mean that I'll be turned back? 1:29:42.080 --> 1:29:48.439 What is going on? I see, you know, people who 1:29:48.439 --> 1:29:52.719 don't even have many kids, don't have shoes, they don't 1:29:52.800 --> 1:29:56.960 have I talked to individuals who lost everything on them. 1:29:57.000 --> 1:30:00.160 They don't have jackets. They're trying to cover themselves with 1:30:00.200 --> 1:30:02.800 any kind of covering that they have, some of them 1:30:02.920 --> 1:30:08.040 using trash bags, others using scarves and other types of 1:30:08.080 --> 1:30:10.519 things to cover themselves from the sun. We are in 1:30:10.560 --> 1:30:12.599 San Diego, so it's quite sunny here. 1:30:13.160 --> 1:30:15.920 The first thing I noticed on arrival was it dozens 1:30:15.960 --> 1:30:18.960 of hands sticking through the wall holding phones and charges. 1:30:20.200 --> 1:30:22.479 That's because people need to use the CBP one app 1:30:22.520 --> 1:30:25.880 to interact with border enforcement, but they've been detained by 1:30:25.880 --> 1:30:28.479 the same border enforcement in between two walls and an 1:30:28.479 --> 1:30:32.599 open field where there obviously isn't any electricity. They also 1:30:32.600 --> 1:30:34.480 need their phones to stay in touch with their families, 1:30:34.880 --> 1:30:37.160 to let them know they survived a difficult and dangerous 1:30:37.240 --> 1:30:41.559 journey and that they're now technically inside the USA. Here's 1:30:41.560 --> 1:30:44.679 the advert a CBP broadcast in Spanish to encourage asylum 1:30:44.720 --> 1:30:47.240 seekers to download the app before they put them in 1:30:47.280 --> 1:30:48.920 a place they couldn't charge their phones. 1:30:49.360 --> 1:30:51.439 Attencion migrane at. 1:30:51.880 --> 1:30:55.719 Attention migrants in Mexico City or further north in the country. 1:30:56.240 --> 1:30:58.880 Why do you need to download CBP one. It's a 1:30:58.920 --> 1:31:01.680 free and legal way to get an appointment guaranteed at 1:31:01.680 --> 1:31:04.920 a port of entry. It's a clear way to solicit asylum, 1:31:05.040 --> 1:31:07.439 and you have the possibility to work while your case 1:31:07.520 --> 1:31:10.800 is being processed. If you present without an appointment, you 1:31:10.840 --> 1:31:13.960 can be prohibited from entering the US for five years. 1:31:14.320 --> 1:31:17.519 You will be subject to expedite a deportation unless you 1:31:17.560 --> 1:31:21.080 comply with the strict requirements of the asylum process. In 1:31:21.160 --> 1:31:24.120 the majority of cases, it is assumed that migrants do 1:31:24.200 --> 1:31:27.080 not comply with the requirements for asylum, and you won't 1:31:27.120 --> 1:31:29.439 have the right to work unless you comply with the 1:31:29.479 --> 1:31:32.719 strict requirements. Again, if you are now in Mexico City 1:31:32.840 --> 1:31:35.880 or further north, download CBP one. 1:31:37.400 --> 1:31:39.840 As we heard yesterday, CBP one has been an a 1:31:39.960 --> 1:31:43.160 mitigated disaster and has shown a very clear bias towards 1:31:43.160 --> 1:31:47.080 certain types of wealthy and white asylum seekers. Despite that 1:31:47.280 --> 1:31:48.800 it seems to have been the only plan in place 1:31:48.880 --> 1:31:51.759 the end of Title forty two. The hundreds of people 1:31:51.800 --> 1:31:55.479 detained in between defenses humbly didn't have appointments, and with 1:31:55.560 --> 1:31:57.960 no way to charge their phones, they couldn't make them. 1:31:58.600 --> 1:32:00.760 It's not clear of making them would have helped, as 1:32:00.800 --> 1:32:03.200 it seems that they were already being detained and thus 1:32:03.240 --> 1:32:06.920 they would have to file defensive asylum claims, effectively stopping 1:32:06.920 --> 1:32:09.840 the repatriation process by claiming that they couldn't safely be 1:32:09.880 --> 1:32:12.639 sent back to their country of origin. This is opposed 1:32:12.680 --> 1:32:15.360 to making an affirmative asylum claim that people should have 1:32:15.400 --> 1:32:17.040 been able to make at the border. With a CBP 1:32:17.120 --> 1:32:20.200 one appointment, these would not have to be argued with 1:32:20.240 --> 1:32:24.680 the threat of repatriation hanging over the person making the claim. Volunteers, 1:32:24.880 --> 1:32:28.000 local people, a mosque group, and a church group all 1:32:28.040 --> 1:32:31.559 showed up soon after CBP began dumping more people in 1:32:31.600 --> 1:32:35.120 between the fences. An hour after my own arrival. I'd 1:32:35.120 --> 1:32:36.840 given away all the charge cables that I had in 1:32:36.880 --> 1:32:38.600 my truck, which is a lot more charge cables than 1:32:38.640 --> 1:32:41.000 I thought I had in my truck, and all my 1:32:41.120 --> 1:32:43.599 charge bricks acrued over six years of getting free shared 1:32:43.600 --> 1:32:46.840 at the consumer electronics show in Las Vegas. Later, I 1:32:46.840 --> 1:32:48.880 came back with a massive solar generator that I'd like 1:32:48.920 --> 1:32:50.559 to use when I'm living off grid, But I still 1:32:50.560 --> 1:32:54.120 need to write stuff. Even all my home electronics ephemera 1:32:54.479 --> 1:32:57.760 and the combined efforts of nonprofits, religious and mutual aid 1:32:57.760 --> 1:33:00.880 groups couldn't really make much difference to five hundred people 1:33:00.880 --> 1:33:04.479 from around the world, mostly families with children being held 1:33:04.520 --> 1:33:08.200 between the two fences. When it got hot, they got hot. 1:33:08.920 --> 1:33:11.800 When it got cold, they got cold. When the wind blew, 1:33:12.080 --> 1:33:15.679 they got dust in their eyes, and everything was constantly dirty. 1:33:16.120 --> 1:33:18.920 The only hot food volunteers could get to them was pizza. 1:33:19.600 --> 1:33:21.599 Some of the detained people had cash, and they were 1:33:21.600 --> 1:33:24.200 able to order door dash on the Tijuana side, but 1:33:24.280 --> 1:33:26.240 again the meals had to fit through a hole barely 1:33:26.240 --> 1:33:29.200 wider than my arm. The only way to get clean 1:33:29.479 --> 1:33:32.080 was with wet wipes, and there was only one bathroom. 1:33:32.720 --> 1:33:35.120 There was no shade or shelter either, and the only 1:33:35.120 --> 1:33:37.880 way people could construct shelters were through tying tops to 1:33:37.920 --> 1:33:41.360 the border wall itself. I like Kaber, one of the 1:33:41.400 --> 1:33:44.519 volunteers who came to help, describe what they saw when 1:33:44.520 --> 1:33:47.120 participating in mutual aid a couple of days after, but. 1:33:47.120 --> 1:33:51.960 It was definitely was I don't think it really struck 1:33:52.040 --> 1:33:56.160 me into you after everything, and you know, after I 1:33:56.320 --> 1:34:01.479 left several hours later. But I mean, I am right 1:34:01.520 --> 1:34:03.640 about the situation at the the kind of matter of 1:34:03.640 --> 1:34:08.880 fackness of there's just several hundred people, including children, just 1:34:09.000 --> 1:34:14.120 kind of between this fence and they're just stuck there 1:34:14.240 --> 1:34:17.680 with nothing, and the sort of matter of factness of 1:34:17.760 --> 1:34:23.719 that all was I think that's struck me the most, 1:34:25.320 --> 1:34:27.480 and it's been a much challenge in the process. 1:34:27.720 --> 1:34:29.519 In the days before the end of Title forty two, 1:34:29.720 --> 1:34:32.360 confusion had reigned at the border. A lot of people 1:34:32.400 --> 1:34:34.439 I talked to mentioned that they thought they had to 1:34:34.479 --> 1:34:37.040 cross before the end of Title forty two or they 1:34:37.040 --> 1:34:39.599 would be ejected and not able to apply for five 1:34:39.680 --> 1:34:43.719 years at a Title eight. This misunderstanding might in part 1:34:43.920 --> 1:34:45.880 be due to some of the misleading rhetoric put out 1:34:45.880 --> 1:34:49.400 by MAJORCAS and others, which focused on the harsh penalties 1:34:49.400 --> 1:34:52.320 for crossing between ports of entry an attempt to appear 1:34:52.400 --> 1:34:55.840 strong on the border to their colleagues in DC. They 1:34:55.880 --> 1:34:58.080 didn't place as much emphasis on the right to present 1:34:58.160 --> 1:35:01.400 and claim asylum at a port of entry. But as 1:35:01.439 --> 1:35:04.040 we saw yesterday, it's virtually impossible to actually do that, 1:35:04.280 --> 1:35:06.800 and Tijuana is already full of thousands of people trying 1:35:06.840 --> 1:35:10.760 to do that exact thing. Given a set of circumstances, 1:35:11.040 --> 1:35:13.240 it makes sense that many people took the days before 1:35:13.280 --> 1:35:15.759 the end of Title forty two and the final chance 1:35:15.760 --> 1:35:19.240 to cross before Title forty two ended. I spoke to 1:35:19.280 --> 1:35:22.800 Diana Rodriguez from Colombia about her understanding of what was 1:35:22.800 --> 1:35:23.400 going to happen. 1:35:23.479 --> 1:35:26.720 Later that night, Dianna Rodriguez the Columbia. 1:35:27.439 --> 1:35:30.200 Diana was with two friends, all of them wearing little 1:35:30.280 --> 1:35:33.000 daisies in their hair and sharing a tarp shelter they'd 1:35:33.000 --> 1:35:35.760 made by tying a blue top against the wall so 1:35:35.760 --> 1:35:38.960 they could get some shade in privacy. I asked her 1:35:39.000 --> 1:35:41.599 where the flowers had come from. You hear the rest 1:35:41.600 --> 1:35:43.000 of into your voice by cherin. 1:35:44.520 --> 1:35:47.920 Oh, the flowers, the flowers are well, there are these 1:35:47.960 --> 1:35:51.400 little flowers, flowers that are growing here, like in the garden. 1:35:52.160 --> 1:35:53.960 So when we went and took a walk over there 1:35:54.000 --> 1:35:57.120 and we found them, we put them on and they're pretty. 1:35:57.920 --> 1:36:01.080 We call these the little yellow flowers of hope, and 1:36:01.120 --> 1:36:04.120 they match the color of our bracelets. We picked them 1:36:04.160 --> 1:36:06.200 on the day we arrived, and we knew that we 1:36:06.280 --> 1:36:09.879 needed a little bit of encouragement. We got the yellow bracelets. 1:36:09.920 --> 1:36:13.040 Because we arrived on Tuesday, everyone got the same bracelet. 1:36:13.640 --> 1:36:15.760 I asked, Diana, which you'd heard about title forty two, 1:36:16.280 --> 1:36:20.559 which is ending a few hours after we talked, Yes, 1:36:20.680 --> 1:36:21.439 it's the end. 1:36:21.320 --> 1:36:24.679 Of title forty two. Title forty two is the one 1:36:24.680 --> 1:36:29.040 that endorses mass deportations. Yes, and well it's a question 1:36:29.120 --> 1:36:34.439 of you not just getting deported, but being repatriated. In 1:36:34.479 --> 1:36:38.439 other words, after this they do a full repatriation. But 1:36:38.600 --> 1:36:41.559 right now you are not registered in the system. But 1:36:41.600 --> 1:36:44.280 what they do is that they only return you. They 1:36:44.280 --> 1:36:47.760 don't register you. But let's say, on the basis of 1:36:47.840 --> 1:36:51.360 Article eight, is that a few at least we are 1:36:51.360 --> 1:36:56.280 invading American territory, then we are in effect breaking a law. 1:36:56.960 --> 1:36:59.680 And what Article eight does is that they deport you. 1:37:00.040 --> 1:37:02.400 They put you in the registered database saying that you 1:37:02.479 --> 1:37:05.559 broke the law, and they punish you for five years 1:37:05.680 --> 1:37:08.599 and you lose the right to request your asylum through 1:37:08.720 --> 1:37:10.439 legal channels. 1:37:10.680 --> 1:37:13.080 Law people at another camp in cu Cumba heard the 1:37:13.120 --> 1:37:16.080 same thing from Colombians, and it seems like there are 1:37:16.080 --> 1:37:18.680 even news pieces run on domestic television explaining that the 1:37:18.800 --> 1:37:21.799 US planned to return many Colombians in the coming months 1:37:21.960 --> 1:37:24.240 and this might be the last best chance to cross 1:37:24.280 --> 1:37:28.200 the border without permanent consequences. You got caught in a 1:37:28.240 --> 1:37:31.559 Cumba volunteers estimated that two thirds of the people corraled 1:37:31.640 --> 1:37:35.200 under the deasert son from Colombia. Of course, in recent years, 1:37:35.200 --> 1:37:38.519 there has been instability and violence there, which also drives migration. 1:37:39.560 --> 1:37:41.719 One of my sources also mentioned a lot of Colombian 1:37:41.720 --> 1:37:45.040 people had seen misleading information about immigration law on TikTok. 1:37:46.360 --> 1:37:49.720 Two days had passed since Janna arrived. She came with 1:37:49.760 --> 1:37:51.599 one of the girls she was now sharing a tarp with. 1:37:51.760 --> 1:37:53.640 I met another when they were all dumped in the 1:37:53.680 --> 1:37:57.400 camp together. In the days before they were detained here, 1:37:57.960 --> 1:37:59.880 they crossed three countries on their way to what they 1:38:00.080 --> 1:38:01.800 it was a better life for young women like them. 1:38:02.200 --> 1:38:03.960 I asked them to describe that journey for me. 1:38:04.920 --> 1:38:08.400 Yes, eight days, eight days more or less walking from 1:38:08.400 --> 1:38:12.519 Columbia from El Salvador to Guatemala, then New Mexico. To 1:38:12.560 --> 1:38:17.200 hear all that time walking and taking the bus. There's 1:38:17.240 --> 1:38:19.840 a part fifteen or twenty minutes from here where the 1:38:19.880 --> 1:38:23.120 wall ends, and we crossed there. There was a Mexican 1:38:23.160 --> 1:38:26.280 patrol and when they changed shifts, we ran and here 1:38:26.320 --> 1:38:29.840 we are on American soil. We arrived on foot and 1:38:29.880 --> 1:38:32.400 the police brought us here. They opened the gate and 1:38:32.520 --> 1:38:33.240 dropped us here. 1:38:34.560 --> 1:38:36.400 Along the way. She said, they've run into a lot 1:38:36.400 --> 1:38:39.160 of people. The migrant journey north is such a common 1:38:39.200 --> 1:38:41.120 trick that people living along the way have found a 1:38:41.160 --> 1:38:43.320 way to make a buck, but also a way to 1:38:43.360 --> 1:38:47.400 make a difference. It's not uncommon for migrants to be extorted, robbed, 1:38:47.479 --> 1:38:50.080 or threatened. It's also not uncommon for them to be 1:38:50.080 --> 1:38:52.840 fed by strangers, perhaps handing off bags with food in 1:38:52.880 --> 1:38:55.600 them to passing trains or buses, or perhaps given a 1:38:55.600 --> 1:38:57.559 place to sleep for the night by someone they might 1:38:57.600 --> 1:38:58.400 never see again. 1:39:00.080 --> 1:39:02.639 Parts where we were extorted, they took all the money 1:39:02.640 --> 1:39:05.760 we brought, They robbed us, they stole our passports, they 1:39:05.800 --> 1:39:10.040 stole our documents. So it's always quite dangerous. Let's say 1:39:10.040 --> 1:39:13.800 that it's dangerous to take this journey. Yes, just as 1:39:13.880 --> 1:39:16.200 we have met some bad people along the way, we 1:39:16.240 --> 1:39:18.600 have also met some very good people, people who have 1:39:18.640 --> 1:39:21.200 given us a hand, people who have helped us, people 1:39:21.200 --> 1:39:24.400 who have collaborated with us in ways you least expect. 1:39:25.240 --> 1:39:27.040 I asked Dianna what she hoped for now she was 1:39:27.080 --> 1:39:29.200 technically inside the USA. 1:39:30.360 --> 1:39:32.479 Yes, let's say the hope is that they will listen 1:39:32.520 --> 1:39:34.760 to our case, listen to our case, and let us 1:39:34.800 --> 1:39:38.120 fight the case inside. Yes, because we want to be 1:39:38.160 --> 1:39:40.640 able to explain the conditions we are in and the 1:39:40.760 --> 1:39:43.240 reasons that those of us who are here came here, 1:39:43.800 --> 1:39:47.439 things like extortion, kidnapping, and because our lives are in 1:39:47.560 --> 1:39:51.080 danger in Colombia. So we wish that they at least 1:39:51.120 --> 1:39:54.200 listened to our case and let us plead our cause. 1:39:55.120 --> 1:39:58.599 Before we started recording, Deanna asked what network I was with. 1:39:58.880 --> 1:40:01.640 I thought that was in stute Qui question. Networks like 1:40:01.680 --> 1:40:03.519 Fox show up at the word, although I didn't see 1:40:03.560 --> 1:40:06.639 any Fox National reporters on my trip. Certainly local news 1:40:06.720 --> 1:40:09.280 channel kus I was there, but they're reporting on the 1:40:09.280 --> 1:40:13.080 ground differed from their xenophobic and outright incorrect online coverage. 1:40:13.439 --> 1:40:15.320 I asked Deana what you'd want to say to folks 1:40:15.360 --> 1:40:17.479 who might have had their perspective influence by the contentt 1:40:17.520 --> 1:40:19.599 demonization of migrants by right wing media. 1:40:21.360 --> 1:40:23.880 There are many people who, let's say, are in a 1:40:23.920 --> 1:40:27.680 mindset of not wanting migrants, and they view them with contempt. 1:40:28.600 --> 1:40:32.800 Because wherea xenophobia exists, it's hard for us because we 1:40:32.840 --> 1:40:35.920 suffer along the way. We would like you to change 1:40:35.920 --> 1:40:38.280 your way of seeing things and your way of thinking 1:40:38.760 --> 1:40:41.400 so that you don't look at us with contempt. We 1:40:41.479 --> 1:40:44.479 have a saying in Columbia that says that he who 1:40:44.560 --> 1:40:48.160 was born in a golden cradle never suffers or never 1:40:48.240 --> 1:40:51.559 sees what he does not know. So it's hard when 1:40:51.600 --> 1:40:54.200 you're born in a golden cradle and you don't see 1:40:54.240 --> 1:40:57.160 beyond what you have. So there are people that in 1:40:57.200 --> 1:40:59.760 our case, in my case, I lived a very hard 1:40:59.840 --> 1:41:03.680 life where you see the war between armed groups. They 1:41:03.720 --> 1:41:06.519 exist outside the law and they can control an area, 1:41:06.920 --> 1:41:13.519 and you see the kidnapping, you see the rape of girls, recruitment, extortion, death. Yes, 1:41:13.720 --> 1:41:16.719 so it's hard when we experience that and people say 1:41:17.520 --> 1:41:20.839 things like these migrants are coming to invade our country, 1:41:21.680 --> 1:41:24.840 we also ask them to treat us as people, because 1:41:24.880 --> 1:41:27.280 if we are here, it is not because we want 1:41:27.320 --> 1:41:30.400 to invade a territory. It is because we want to 1:41:30.439 --> 1:41:33.479 come to fight for a better future for our children 1:41:33.880 --> 1:41:38.640 without stepping on anyone. Nobody wants this. But where we 1:41:38.760 --> 1:41:43.120 come from, we receive travelers with open arms. And it's 1:41:43.120 --> 1:41:46.320 hard when one is a migrant, when one lives the 1:41:46.360 --> 1:41:49.559 experience of being a migrant, it is a very hard 1:41:49.600 --> 1:41:55.080 thing to be a migrant, having to endure cold, hunger, rain, sun, 1:41:56.000 --> 1:41:59.479 that is all these things, and then arriving here and 1:41:59.520 --> 1:42:05.800 seeing of contempt. It's hard. It is very hard. So yes, 1:42:06.160 --> 1:42:09.439 the important thing is that people must know that being 1:42:09.479 --> 1:42:16.280 an immigrant is not easy. Being an immigrant is not easy. 1:42:16.400 --> 1:42:18.200 One of her friends, who she was sharing a top with, 1:42:18.280 --> 1:42:19.639 leaned over to give an example. 1:42:20.400 --> 1:42:25.200 Everyone despairs because everyone wants to leave, so everyone sees 1:42:25.280 --> 1:42:30.400 each other as enemies. So let's say, for example, right now, 1:42:30.800 --> 1:42:33.680 when they are sending cars to collect people to process, 1:42:34.320 --> 1:42:38.240 so everyone there thinks, I hope they take me. Then 1:42:38.360 --> 1:42:41.240 when they don't, it gets to a point where, yes, 1:42:41.600 --> 1:42:46.599 where you despair. I mean it's desperate, but well everyone 1:42:47.080 --> 1:42:50.479 everyone is in the fight together, all in the fight. 1:42:57.240 --> 1:42:59.680 I have to get another dusting down from a cbpah 1:42:59.720 --> 1:43:01.960 and who really like to RaSE his squad bike passing 1:43:02.040 --> 1:43:05.360 Mutulaid tables. Spoke to a man from Angola. I leave 1:43:05.400 --> 1:43:07.240 his name out, as he preferred for me not to 1:43:07.280 --> 1:43:10.080 share it. He'd been into Juana for three days, he said, 1:43:10.280 --> 1:43:12.880 I was waiting his chance to plead his case for asylum. 1:43:13.160 --> 1:43:18.479 No, it's just me and my sister. We suffered a lot. 1:43:18.680 --> 1:43:22.639 There were bandits. We came here to be safe. It's 1:43:22.640 --> 1:43:24.960 no way to live. People broke into our house to 1:43:25.040 --> 1:43:28.639 violate women, to look for people and I was injured, then, Yeah, 1:43:28.680 --> 1:43:31.679 why did I leave to come here? Over there? They're 1:43:31.720 --> 1:43:33.960 not they're not the means to live. 1:43:34.720 --> 1:43:36.400 We didn't get a chance to talk for long, and 1:43:36.560 --> 1:43:39.040 some of the recording I got wasn't very good. He 1:43:39.120 --> 1:43:40.960 was waiting in line for food, and to be quite honest, 1:43:40.960 --> 1:43:43.280 I don't like prodding people to share their trauma, but 1:43:43.400 --> 1:43:46.120 with so many journalists crowding the border asking him to 1:43:46.160 --> 1:43:48.559 do just that, it tends to be what people offer. 1:43:49.080 --> 1:43:51.240 Lots of African migrants can be quite cautious of the 1:43:51.280 --> 1:43:53.720 media because talking to the media at home could get 1:43:53.760 --> 1:43:56.519 them in trouble. I spoke to a friend of mine 1:43:56.560 --> 1:43:59.679 himself a migrant from Africa. He said that if migrants 1:43:59.720 --> 1:44:01.320 don't to be English or Spanish, it can be very 1:44:01.320 --> 1:44:03.760 hard for them to get information, and there aren't as 1:44:03.760 --> 1:44:05.680 many nonprofits set up to serve them as there are 1:44:05.760 --> 1:44:08.960 for Spanish speaking people, for example. They can often end 1:44:09.000 --> 1:44:12.439 up isolated and alone. I did get a better chance 1:44:12.479 --> 1:44:15.040 to talk to a Jamaican man called Joseph. It's his 1:44:15.120 --> 1:44:18.320 singing you've heard at the start of this episode. Mostly 1:44:18.400 --> 1:44:21.080 we talked about things in America, about how he lost 1:44:21.080 --> 1:44:23.360 his phone on his journey we got him another one 1:44:23.360 --> 1:44:27.479 at Walmart and about things like football and music. I 1:44:27.520 --> 1:44:29.439 didn't record all of that because sometimes it's nice to 1:44:29.520 --> 1:44:31.760 just talk to people. Hopefully it makes their dair a 1:44:31.760 --> 1:44:34.080 bit brighter and gives them some information maybe they could help. 1:44:35.080 --> 1:44:36.799 He did let me record a bit of an interview 1:44:37.320 --> 1:44:40.280 and some of him singing. He was pretty guarded on 1:44:40.320 --> 1:44:41.960 the recording, but as you can hear in this clip, 1:44:42.000 --> 1:44:43.639 we had a good time when we weren't recording. 1:44:54.360 --> 1:44:56.800 Up up. 1:44:59.320 --> 1:45:03.479 You know it's journally is it going on yelling gen length? 1:45:03.560 --> 1:45:06.519 But Molly, it's going off, not going lengthy, and let 1:45:06.520 --> 1:45:09.559 me see Ian for this sky and me I'm pre 1:45:10.400 --> 1:45:12.840 my mama says something push free and glow and read 1:45:13.200 --> 1:45:15.400 for them, say might smile them, No normals do and 1:45:15.479 --> 1:45:17.360 read beIN gonna talk. 1:45:17.680 --> 1:45:22.439 Can I watch me? Hey man? Grateful man, grateful? I 1:45:22.640 --> 1:45:25.679 went not and go my smile. Yeah. 1:45:26.160 --> 1:45:29.559 Once there is life. God, I want to give you 1:45:29.680 --> 1:45:35.040 everything for some fune. Yeah, love suck pick up to 1:45:35.080 --> 1:45:36.880 job me a car. I got to eat and come back. 1:45:37.040 --> 1:45:39.720 I'm seeing Yeah, man, that's it one love. 1:45:40.600 --> 1:45:45.040 Oh that was beautiful. Yeah, I'm I'm I'm Joseph. 1:45:44.880 --> 1:45:46.479 And asked him about some of the stuff we spoke 1:45:46.479 --> 1:45:48.280 about before, but he didn't want to share it. 1:45:48.840 --> 1:45:51.800 Yeah, that's the whole testimony, Me and you and God 1:45:51.840 --> 1:45:53.000 have to go into church for that. 1:45:53.439 --> 1:45:55.000 But I'm gonna give you that the next time. 1:45:55.040 --> 1:45:58.200 Okay, buddy, all right, just experienced a lot of personal 1:45:58.200 --> 1:46:00.840 harm from conflict back home in Jamaica. I had a 1:46:00.840 --> 1:46:02.840 difficult journey here with his five year old son. 1:46:03.120 --> 1:46:05.400 Yeah, it's rough. It's rough out there, man, you know 1:46:05.479 --> 1:46:06.040 it's rough. 1:46:06.520 --> 1:46:08.880 How did you come like you come? I asked him 1:46:08.880 --> 1:46:11.080 how his young son had dealt with the journey. It's 1:46:11.120 --> 1:46:13.000 not a safe or easy one for an adult, let 1:46:13.040 --> 1:46:14.080 alone for a little child. 1:46:14.880 --> 1:46:19.360 It's like he's just kind of scary, broll he pulled you. 1:46:19.920 --> 1:46:20.599 Yeah, it's good. 1:46:20.720 --> 1:46:23.080 You have my energy inside. 1:46:23.160 --> 1:46:23.639 That's good. 1:46:23.720 --> 1:46:24.520 Yeah. 1:46:24.520 --> 1:46:26.840 Are you how's he finding it here in the camp? 1:46:27.320 --> 1:46:31.040 Oh? Yeah, that camp. I don't know why. That guy 1:46:31.120 --> 1:46:31.760 is just like me. 1:46:31.920 --> 1:46:36.240 We just don't make anything better us. Yeah, what's it's 1:46:36.240 --> 1:46:38.479 working here? Because you guys give it a strength and 1:46:38.479 --> 1:46:39.200 supporting us. 1:46:39.240 --> 1:46:41.280 You know, Joseph wanted me to know that he wasn't 1:46:41.280 --> 1:46:44.599 giving up his home. He loves Jamaica, but he also 1:46:44.640 --> 1:46:45.840 wants a better life for his son. 1:46:46.280 --> 1:46:49.719 It's not that, it's not that. It's not like I'm 1:46:50.000 --> 1:46:53.840 giving away my home. My home is a good place. Yeah, yeah, 1:46:53.840 --> 1:46:55.640 it's a good island, nice place to be. 1:46:55.920 --> 1:46:58.280 Of course, his perspective is very common, and it's one 1:46:58.280 --> 1:47:01.200 that often gets left out of reporting. Coming to the 1:47:01.320 --> 1:47:04.479 USA is a very hopeful act. It's not abandoning your 1:47:04.479 --> 1:47:07.400 family or your home. It's trying to make their lives better, 1:47:07.439 --> 1:47:11.280 in your life livable. Joseph was quite guided with this story, 1:47:11.280 --> 1:47:13.000 and that's fine. It's his to share as much as 1:47:13.040 --> 1:47:15.960 little as he wants. I came to the USA without 1:47:16.000 --> 1:47:18.439 having to get persecuted or hurt, and people who don't 1:47:18.439 --> 1:47:22.160 look like me should have that same right as well. Sadly, 1:47:22.960 --> 1:47:25.760 coming to the USA is also scary and confusing, even 1:47:25.760 --> 1:47:28.360 for me with three university degrees and all the intersectional 1:47:28.360 --> 1:47:32.200 privilege I have and fifteen years living here, and I've 1:47:32.240 --> 1:47:35.400 recently minted US passport. Now, I worried for years that 1:47:35.479 --> 1:47:38.000 maybe I'd made a mistake on a form or missed 1:47:38.040 --> 1:47:41.760 some kind of deadline. Speaking of deadlines, what none of 1:47:41.760 --> 1:47:44.120 the migrants could tell us, what they all wanted to 1:47:44.160 --> 1:47:46.479 ask about, was exactly what was happening to them as 1:47:46.520 --> 1:47:50.519 Title forty two expired. A Congolese lady asked me if 1:47:50.560 --> 1:47:53.559 her passport would be confiscated. A lady from Senegal asked 1:47:53.600 --> 1:47:55.000 if she needed to pay a bribe like the one 1:47:55.040 --> 1:47:58.120 she'd paid in Mexico. It wasn't really clear at first 1:47:58.160 --> 1:48:00.439 if these people were being detained and under what process 1:48:00.439 --> 1:48:03.040 they were being received. Would they be sent back to 1:48:03.080 --> 1:48:08.160 Mexico and a Title forty two repatriated under Biden's interpretation 1:48:08.240 --> 1:48:10.920 of Title eight, or given the right to plead their 1:48:10.920 --> 1:48:13.200 case with international and US law suggests it should be 1:48:13.200 --> 1:48:17.519 able to CBP made people sit in lines all day 1:48:17.600 --> 1:48:19.439 with no indication of when they would be taken to 1:48:19.439 --> 1:48:22.800 the porta Entry for processing. Sometimes I heard people saying 1:48:22.840 --> 1:48:25.320 if everyone didn't sit down, there will be nobody process 1:48:25.439 --> 1:48:28.519 that day. But the only food, water, and medical attention 1:48:29.000 --> 1:48:31.599 available to the migrants was that which could be passed 1:48:31.640 --> 1:48:34.040 through the wall, and they had to get out of 1:48:34.040 --> 1:48:37.280 their lines to receive this aid. I'll let Kaber describe 1:48:37.280 --> 1:48:37.920 what this looked like. 1:48:38.160 --> 1:48:40.640 And they had people waiting in lines that you had 1:48:40.680 --> 1:48:46.120 to sit in a line and sign spot and but 1:48:46.160 --> 1:48:48.719 it wasn't always clear if these how those lines actually 1:48:49.000 --> 1:48:51.080 worked because they would kind of take people for some 1:48:51.400 --> 1:48:54.600 lots of places. I think they might have been prioritizing 1:48:54.640 --> 1:48:58.160 from children, people with some kind of medical needs or 1:48:58.200 --> 1:49:02.160 something like that that you would never know when they 1:49:02.160 --> 1:49:04.320 were going to come, and we didn't seem to know 1:49:04.439 --> 1:49:06.600 us that they were going to choused to take. We 1:49:06.680 --> 1:49:08.439 assume we didn't know exactly we were taking them, but 1:49:08.479 --> 1:49:09.960 we assume they were taking the point of entry in 1:49:10.000 --> 1:49:13.760 Senna Secret, which is beout a mile away, and so 1:49:13.840 --> 1:49:15.840 moment always happened when they come and get a group 1:49:16.040 --> 1:49:17.800 is like three or four people from that group would 1:49:17.840 --> 1:49:20.400 sprint over to the world because we still had their 1:49:20.400 --> 1:49:24.200 phones and side people wasn't going to wait for us 1:49:24.240 --> 1:49:24.880 to get the funds. 1:49:25.240 --> 1:49:27.160 One thing a lot of people we talked to shared 1:49:27.560 --> 1:49:30.080 was that there was another camp, which we later found 1:49:30.080 --> 1:49:33.360 house as many as eight hundred single men. It's fairly 1:49:33.439 --> 1:49:36.040 usual to keep single men apart from families, but keeping 1:49:36.040 --> 1:49:39.000 them in an inaccessible place without adequate food or water 1:49:39.120 --> 1:49:43.000 is not usual. The camp was further west, and despite 1:49:43.040 --> 1:49:46.280 repeated requests from myself and others, including those delivering aid, 1:49:46.479 --> 1:49:49.360 we were not allowed to access it. One pair of 1:49:49.439 --> 1:49:53.240 Jamaican twins. Both young men told me they had walked 1:49:53.280 --> 1:49:56.080 up there and that things were very bad. People were 1:49:56.120 --> 1:49:58.559 only given one small water bottom the granola bar every day, 1:49:58.600 --> 1:50:03.040 they said. One person told me they'd heard people eating grass. 1:50:03.960 --> 1:50:06.320 I asked CBP's press office for information on this, but 1:50:06.360 --> 1:50:10.000 they didn't respond. Here's one clip of a man trying 1:50:10.040 --> 1:50:12.680 to explain how bad things were there. It's hard to 1:50:12.720 --> 1:50:15.640 communicate across language barriers, and with a war between you, 1:50:15.680 --> 1:50:18.080 it's even harder. But I could tell he was very 1:50:18.120 --> 1:50:21.439 concerned for the folks that we couldn't get to. Despite 1:50:21.439 --> 1:50:24.439 myself and others trying, and me addressing this issue directly 1:50:24.479 --> 1:50:27.360 and emails to CBP, I never got any response on 1:50:27.400 --> 1:50:29.400 why people were not allowed to help the single men 1:50:29.439 --> 1:50:30.160 in the other camp. 1:50:30.880 --> 1:50:31.599 Just not helping. 1:50:34.200 --> 1:50:42.320 What little water, chocold nothing else, No food, no water, blankets, 1:50:43.120 --> 1:50:45.280 blows nothing. 1:50:51.120 --> 1:50:54.320 I'll go try and go up there. Even with these 1:50:54.360 --> 1:50:57.880 camps being pretty desperate places, folks look after one another. 1:50:58.800 --> 1:51:01.240 We spoke a lot with one lady who spoke English. 1:51:01.560 --> 1:51:03.920 She was there with her own family, but she was 1:51:03.920 --> 1:51:07.400 also looking after two Tagik children who'd come alone. Their 1:51:07.439 --> 1:51:09.960 mother spoke a little English, so she relayed news to 1:51:10.000 --> 1:51:13.160 the children by calling their mother and having her translated 1:51:13.200 --> 1:51:16.519 for her children. Other folks took it upon themselves to 1:51:16.560 --> 1:51:18.519 try and walk to the camp for single men with water, 1:51:19.439 --> 1:51:22.000 and people constantly helped us find the owners of phone 1:51:22.040 --> 1:51:24.559 by wandering through the rows of people sheltering under taps 1:51:24.560 --> 1:51:26.760 and space blankets to look for people who had left 1:51:26.800 --> 1:51:33.960 us their devices to charge. In Nucumber, a town an 1:51:34.000 --> 1:51:36.639 hour or so east of San Diego, things were worse. 1:51:37.600 --> 1:51:40.519 Cumber's home to a cute hotel, a lovely lake, a 1:51:40.520 --> 1:51:43.800 hot spring, and an awful lot of big rugs. When 1:51:43.840 --> 1:51:45.840 the border war was being built in Earnest before the 1:51:45.880 --> 1:51:48.759 twenty twenty election, they skipped some of the harder areas. 1:51:49.280 --> 1:51:51.200 Perhaps they figured it would be too hard to cross there, 1:51:51.560 --> 1:51:54.800 it's not perhaps they wanted to maximize the mileage before 1:51:54.840 --> 1:51:58.000 election day. Well it didn't help much, but either way, 1:51:58.200 --> 1:52:00.320 for some reason, the wall just takes a little break 1:52:00.320 --> 1:52:04.639 in her Cumber and this makes crossing marginally easier there. However, 1:52:05.160 --> 1:52:08.360 the boulder fields, scorching hot days and cold nights make 1:52:08.400 --> 1:52:12.160 it anything but easy. On Thursday night, the eleventh of May, 1:52:12.400 --> 1:52:15.519 locals in a Cumber became aware that CBP were holding 1:52:15.520 --> 1:52:17.479 people on a dirt road in the open desert, just 1:52:17.600 --> 1:52:19.880 a few miles east of town and a few hundred 1:52:19.880 --> 1:52:22.400 feet from the wall. The people held they didn't have 1:52:22.479 --> 1:52:25.759 access to toilets, running water, or shelter. With every hour 1:52:25.800 --> 1:52:29.360 that went past, the number of people grew. The biggest 1:52:29.360 --> 1:52:32.400 camp soon held over a thousand people desperately trying to 1:52:32.400 --> 1:52:35.559 scratch out a little shade in the desert. Other smaller 1:52:35.560 --> 1:52:38.800 camps popped up. One was apparently in someone's yard, and 1:52:38.800 --> 1:52:41.280 the people of this tiny desert town sod about helping 1:52:41.320 --> 1:52:45.080 as best they could. Soon they were joined by volunteers 1:52:45.120 --> 1:52:48.440 from all over the county. Katie was one of those volunteers. 1:52:48.920 --> 1:52:50.720 She doesn't live in a cumber but her friends do 1:52:50.920 --> 1:52:54.080 and her family sometimes spends time there. Once she heard 1:52:54.080 --> 1:52:56.240 about what was happening, she knew she had to help. 1:52:57.000 --> 1:52:59.479 I let her describe her feelings after she saw the 1:52:59.520 --> 1:53:02.320 posts on, and then drove out to Kumba to see 1:53:02.320 --> 1:53:03.320 what she could do to help. 1:53:04.320 --> 1:53:08.520 At first, I was just super touched by the activation 1:53:09.439 --> 1:53:17.080 and the carrying, and my son was asleep, comfortable in 1:53:17.240 --> 1:53:22.840 his car seat, you know, in our Mercedes van, and 1:53:23.400 --> 1:53:29.160 my husband is still trying to get citizenship after being 1:53:29.240 --> 1:53:34.639 here since he was two years old. So and we're 1:53:34.640 --> 1:53:40.320 married and he pays taxes. And when I saw our 1:53:40.360 --> 1:53:44.840 friends activating, I just told him tomorrow's Mother's Day and 1:53:46.040 --> 1:53:50.280 I need to come back here, and it's not safe 1:53:50.280 --> 1:53:55.679 for you here. So when I first arrived, I thought 1:53:55.720 --> 1:54:01.400 it was kind of odd that everything was organized around 1:54:01.439 --> 1:54:06.200 a random road that has a gate, and there were 1:54:06.320 --> 1:54:15.320 five only five border patrol at the time, and about 1:54:17.720 --> 1:54:20.040 that was a larger camp. So I want to say 1:54:20.200 --> 1:54:25.160 at least eight hundred people, maybe a thousand. I didn't 1:54:25.200 --> 1:54:30.599 see them all because many of them were received their 1:54:30.760 --> 1:54:35.960 donations and the assistance and went back to their shelters. 1:54:37.120 --> 1:54:39.600 A few days after the migrants arrived, I camped out 1:54:39.600 --> 1:54:42.360 in Hucumber. I was cold in my sleeping bag at 1:54:42.440 --> 1:54:45.240 night and dizzy in the sun in the day. It's 1:54:45.240 --> 1:54:46.960 not a place where you'd want to be stuck outside 1:54:46.960 --> 1:54:49.720 the law, but it's a place where fifteen hundred or 1:54:49.720 --> 1:54:52.320 so people were held for days, little more than the 1:54:52.360 --> 1:54:54.760 shelters they built out of career certain mesquite to protect 1:54:54.760 --> 1:54:57.840 their families from the elements. They slept on the dirt 1:54:57.920 --> 1:55:00.640 or in cardboard boxes left over from the foodolunteers fed 1:55:00.640 --> 1:55:04.200 them and under whatever folks and tiny desert count could 1:55:04.200 --> 1:55:07.440 find to give them. By the time I arrived, the 1:55:07.560 --> 1:55:11.040 migrants were gone and volunteers were cleaning up. The landscape 1:55:11.040 --> 1:55:15.320 was dotted with impressively constructed brush shelters. Volunteers from her 1:55:15.360 --> 1:55:19.360 Cumba set up tables to distribute food, blankets, water, and clothing. 1:55:20.320 --> 1:55:22.560 Other volunteers stayed away from the camp itself and spent 1:55:22.640 --> 1:55:26.480 time packing things into individual sizes, perhaps combining hats and 1:55:26.560 --> 1:55:28.760 socks and maybe a toy for child in one bag, 1:55:29.120 --> 1:55:32.560 or breaking down costco packages of snacks into individual portions. 1:55:33.040 --> 1:55:35.720 It's not necessarily the most rewarding task, but it's an 1:55:35.760 --> 1:55:40.080 important one. I asked Marissa, another volunteer who had previously 1:55:40.080 --> 1:55:42.680 worked in San Diego for the Forest Service, what she 1:55:42.760 --> 1:55:44.919 felt when we were cleaning out some of those shelters 1:55:44.920 --> 1:55:46.160 together a couple of days later. 1:55:46.560 --> 1:55:48.000 I don't know the best way to say this, but 1:55:51.520 --> 1:55:56.160 what hit me deeper was when this might seem strange, 1:55:56.160 --> 1:55:59.080 but when I saw women's sanitary napkins. 1:55:59.000 --> 1:56:01.480 Or the diaper or. 1:56:02.880 --> 1:56:05.760 The babies like it was kind of like a fabric 1:56:05.920 --> 1:56:11.480 padded crib basinet type thing that suddenly hit me on 1:56:11.520 --> 1:56:15.280 a deeper level. Would make me emotional because it's like 1:56:16.560 --> 1:56:20.640 then you start to realize, like, wow, what if that 1:56:20.920 --> 1:56:25.160 was me and my child or I'm not a mother, 1:56:25.240 --> 1:56:27.480 but I can only imagine what that must be like 1:56:27.600 --> 1:56:31.200 for them to be going through these things as a 1:56:31.200 --> 1:56:35.360 as a woman, being on your period and being out 1:56:35.440 --> 1:56:38.839 and not having anything, you know, going to the bathroom 1:56:38.880 --> 1:56:41.440 out there. What do you use when you don't have 1:56:41.520 --> 1:56:42.400 those supplies? 1:56:44.360 --> 1:56:46.920 So yeah, it just. 1:56:50.200 --> 1:56:55.280 That was when it hit me deeper and I knew 1:56:55.320 --> 1:56:57.080 I was doing the right thing by being out there 1:56:57.120 --> 1:57:01.760 and helping in whatever way I could. I don't when 1:57:01.760 --> 1:57:03.680 it comes to the politics side of it, when it 1:57:03.720 --> 1:57:10.320 comes to like legality and just different aspects of it. 1:57:10.400 --> 1:57:15.280 In that way, I don't have necessarily an opinion one 1:57:15.280 --> 1:57:17.560 way or another. I'm not educated enough to feel like 1:57:17.640 --> 1:57:21.000 I can argue one way or another or defend one 1:57:21.120 --> 1:57:26.160 position or another. I went out there purely for my 1:57:26.320 --> 1:57:30.440 love of humanity, and I think being able to support 1:57:31.360 --> 1:57:33.400 in whatever way I can that was the way that 1:57:33.440 --> 1:57:36.720 I felt like I could serve and be a support. 1:57:37.040 --> 1:57:39.240 Katie hadn't expected to meet migrants at the camp when 1:57:39.280 --> 1:57:41.920 she first showed up, She knew it was important not 1:57:41.920 --> 1:57:44.200 to flog the camp with volunteers, and the help was 1:57:44.200 --> 1:57:46.600 needed packaging and preparing aid drops, which she was happy 1:57:46.640 --> 1:57:49.360 to do. But in the end she traveled up to 1:57:49.360 --> 1:57:51.600 the camp with a friend who spoke Portuguese so they 1:57:51.600 --> 1:57:55.440 could help translate and distribute supplies. I asked her what 1:57:55.480 --> 1:57:57.240 it was like to see the supplies she'd purchased a 1:57:57.280 --> 1:57:59.680 few hours before end up in the hands of people 1:57:59.680 --> 1:58:01.040 who but you needed them. 1:58:01.400 --> 1:58:06.560 They don't even have a grocery store in Hukumba. They 1:58:06.560 --> 1:58:14.040 have one mini mart with nothing in it, and that 1:58:14.200 --> 1:58:22.520 was sold out the first day. So these people who 1:58:22.880 --> 1:58:26.960 we would look at without a lot of resources, passing 1:58:27.000 --> 1:58:31.280 the abundance of what they actually have, well, I saw 1:58:31.360 --> 1:58:34.720 a lot of families there. I could tell that there 1:58:34.760 --> 1:58:38.960 were leaders within the group because they were helping organize 1:58:39.320 --> 1:58:45.360 as much as the volunteers were. And unfortunately there was 1:58:45.560 --> 1:58:50.440 language barriers, you know, and so those that could speak 1:58:51.160 --> 1:58:57.600 multiple languages, whether they were border crossers or volunteers, were 1:58:57.640 --> 1:59:00.720 together in it and or and that was part of 1:59:00.720 --> 1:59:08.520 that organization that I'm talking about, you know. And it 1:59:08.600 --> 1:59:13.720 was actually a very calm scene when we first came 1:59:13.840 --> 1:59:18.480 up I saw my son's hat that I donated and 1:59:18.520 --> 1:59:23.040 a little boy hugging this jaguar stuffed animal, and the 1:59:23.160 --> 1:59:27.240 jaguar was really significant to my friend and I when 1:59:27.240 --> 1:59:31.720 we found it. So it was really touching just to 1:59:31.920 --> 1:59:38.280 like see the things that we were bringing being literally 1:59:38.320 --> 1:59:42.800 being distributed, like sometimes when you think you're helping. I 1:59:42.840 --> 1:59:46.040 worked for a door to door campaign when I was 1:59:46.200 --> 1:59:49.480 in my teens and I got fifty percent of what 1:59:49.560 --> 1:59:53.440 I raised, and it was like disheartening, and you're like, oh, 1:59:53.520 --> 1:59:58.440 this is how it works. And in this case, money 1:59:58.520 --> 2:00:03.400 that I directly you spent on resources that were needed 2:00:03.920 --> 2:00:06.240 was going directly to the people. 2:00:07.120 --> 2:00:10.320 In all likelihood, people crossed in a specific spot because 2:00:10.360 --> 2:00:12.839 someone dropped them there telling them it would be easy. 2:00:13.360 --> 2:00:16.920 In fact it was anything but people die crossing around here. 2:00:17.840 --> 2:00:20.920 In the dirt around Cucumber, I found discarded flight circtineries 2:00:20.920 --> 2:00:24.960 and documents from Turkey, Nicaragua, Columbia, Mexico. There were also 2:00:24.960 --> 2:00:28.800 little children's toys, shoes, and hundreds of empty water bottles 2:00:28.840 --> 2:00:31.480 which we diligently picked up. But none of the more 2:00:31.480 --> 2:00:33.720 than one thousand people who the Boarder Patrol held in 2:00:33.760 --> 2:00:36.760 this camp had planned for what they got, which was 2:00:36.800 --> 2:00:39.560 several days being detained in the desert by CBP with 2:00:39.600 --> 2:00:43.360 intefficient water, no shelter, and very little food, and no 2:00:43.440 --> 2:00:45.360 information on what was happening or how long they could 2:00:45.360 --> 2:00:49.000 expect to be there. Sadly didn't get there in time 2:00:49.080 --> 2:00:51.440 to speak to any of them. I was in Arizona 2:00:51.480 --> 2:00:54.120 looking for border vigilantes and wondering what CBP had been 2:00:54.120 --> 2:00:56.600 doing to migrants there where they have the full support 2:00:56.640 --> 2:00:59.120 of local law enforcement and a large percentage of the 2:00:59.160 --> 2:01:03.680 aging population. To my surprise, he didn't find much. It 2:01:03.760 --> 2:01:05.800 seems like most people had crossed in the San Diego 2:01:05.840 --> 2:01:10.520 County area. Many had flown or walked to Tijuana. Of course, migrants, 2:01:10.600 --> 2:01:12.760 just like us, have accessed the news and to weather 2:01:12.800 --> 2:01:16.080 forecast and maps. Crossing in Arizona, a place known for 2:01:16.120 --> 2:01:18.880 cruelty and very hot weather, doesn't make any sense when 2:01:18.920 --> 2:01:22.320 California offers a better political and weather climate, and with 2:01:22.360 --> 2:01:24.800 the mixed messages coming out of immigration law, these folks 2:01:25.160 --> 2:01:27.760 may not have been intending to evade border patrol, but 2:01:27.840 --> 2:01:29.880 to come to the USA and take their legal right 2:01:29.920 --> 2:01:33.800 to claim asylum. I spoke to Sam, a volunteer with 2:01:33.840 --> 2:01:37.480 extensive on the ground experience in humanitarian crises about what 2:01:37.520 --> 2:01:38.440 he'd seen at the camp. 2:01:39.000 --> 2:01:40.400 Oh, my name is Sam Schultz. 2:01:41.040 --> 2:01:42.840 He said, many of the people who found themselves in 2:01:42.840 --> 2:01:46.120 Cucumber had likely been told by people smugglers, but this 2:01:46.240 --> 2:01:48.800 was an easy way into the US. In the end, 2:01:48.920 --> 2:01:49.720 it was anything but. 2:01:50.040 --> 2:01:52.480 They I mean, I know they didn't expect that they 2:01:52.560 --> 2:01:55.600 organic waltz across the border at a normal check station, 2:01:55.840 --> 2:01:57.560 but they thought it was going to be. 2:01:57.600 --> 2:01:58.760 They were sold in bill the goods. 2:01:58.760 --> 2:02:02.280 So let's put it back, Yes, that's it, And so 2:02:03.640 --> 2:02:05.760 I mean, I feel sorry for anybody who's take advantage 2:02:05.800 --> 2:02:07.640 of all like that. But most of the people that 2:02:07.720 --> 2:02:11.600 I met again who are not Colombians, were of the 2:02:11.640 --> 2:02:15.400 wealthier side of the on their countries. I met Tomspecks, 2:02:15.480 --> 2:02:18.600 some Kazakis, a bunch of people from India, a couple 2:02:18.640 --> 2:02:20.760 of Pakistani guys, minery. 2:02:20.840 --> 2:02:22.680 I mean, they didn't get here cheap. 2:02:23.000 --> 2:02:25.560 The wall behind the people in Hookumba cost twenty five 2:02:25.640 --> 2:02:28.920 million dollars a mile. On average. The border patrol agent 2:02:29.080 --> 2:02:31.360 drove around in f one to fifty rapped to trucks 2:02:31.600 --> 2:02:34.839 that started eighty thousand dollars and each make a starting 2:02:34.880 --> 2:02:37.240 salary of over sixty thousand dollars in their first year. 2:02:38.280 --> 2:02:41.839 Surveillance towers that dot the desert, including one which provided 2:02:41.880 --> 2:02:44.120 a tiny scrap of shade to migrants to restic under 2:02:44.160 --> 2:02:47.800 its solar panels, can cost a million dollars apiece, but 2:02:47.880 --> 2:02:50.520 people in the Cumba received only one small water bottle 2:02:50.560 --> 2:02:55.280 each day despite the punishing weather. Although Customs and Border 2:02:55.320 --> 2:02:57.480 Protection did not seem to make any plan to shelter 2:02:57.560 --> 2:03:00.440 migrants in a cumber, they did plan to have contractors 2:03:00.960 --> 2:03:04.520 paid forty dollars an hour to take them away. I 2:03:04.560 --> 2:03:08.280 found a job advert for a Southwest Border Transportation and 2:03:08.360 --> 2:03:13.320 security officer at ISS Action Security. The agency photograph transporting 2:03:13.360 --> 2:03:17.560 migrants in Hakumba. The job posting, which was posted two 2:03:17.600 --> 2:03:20.160 weeks before the end of Title forty two, has a 2:03:20.200 --> 2:03:24.280 description that includes patting down all detainees and applying appropriate 2:03:24.320 --> 2:03:29.480 restraints prior to boarding vehicles. The process through its migrants 2:03:29.520 --> 2:03:33.360 become detainees normally involves processing which had not been done 2:03:33.400 --> 2:03:36.760 in Nucumber, But it seems that presumption of ineligibility announced 2:03:36.840 --> 2:03:39.360 on the day Title forty two ended came into effect here. 2:03:40.080 --> 2:03:43.120 This might seem a minor distinction, but it's important It 2:03:43.160 --> 2:03:45.560 means that people have to file a defensive asylum claim 2:03:45.600 --> 2:03:48.320 and not an affirmative one. They have to plead why 2:03:48.360 --> 2:03:50.440 they shouldn't be deported rather than why they have a 2:03:50.560 --> 2:03:54.320 right to stay. Many of the people who have been 2:03:54.320 --> 2:03:56.360 trying to cross before the end of Title forty two, 2:03:56.440 --> 2:03:58.920 like Diana, because they felt they would face a less 2:03:58.920 --> 2:04:02.080 serious penalty. Many of them flew to Twinea. I walked 2:04:02.080 --> 2:04:04.480 from further south in Mexico or even in Central America. 2:04:04.920 --> 2:04:07.320 I likely spent their entire savings on a trip to 2:04:07.360 --> 2:04:09.640 the gap in the wall near Heucumber that ended with 2:04:09.680 --> 2:04:11.880 them being held by border patrol in the open desert. 2:04:11.920 --> 2:04:14.000 Was next to nothing in the way of shelter, sanitation, 2:04:14.400 --> 2:04:17.800 or sustenance. As a way to quantify this, I want 2:04:17.800 --> 2:04:22.640 a reference to UCSD US Immigration Policy Center report apparently 2:04:22.640 --> 2:04:26.440 had some pretty problematic practices, but anyway, these are results 2:04:26.440 --> 2:04:30.360 from its survey. When asked whether border patrol gave them 2:04:30.480 --> 2:04:33.040 enough water for the day, over half of the asylum 2:04:33.080 --> 2:04:36.440 seekers that we interviewed, approximately fifty three percent said no. 2:04:37.040 --> 2:04:40.040 Border patrol distributed one water bottle to each migrant in 2:04:40.080 --> 2:04:43.640 the morning. When asked whether border patrol gave them enough 2:04:43.640 --> 2:04:46.800 food for the day, All of the asylum seekers said no. 2:04:47.360 --> 2:04:51.240 Border patrol did not distribute any food. When asked whether 2:04:51.320 --> 2:04:55.200 border patrol provided adequate sanitation such as toilets, all of 2:04:55.200 --> 2:04:58.520 the asylum seekers that we interviewed, meaning one hundred percent, 2:04:58.640 --> 2:05:01.960 said no. Bordert troll provided one porter body for the 2:05:02.120 --> 2:05:07.080 entire encampment. When asked where the border patrol provided adepriate shelter, 2:05:07.200 --> 2:05:09.640 such as shade to protect them from the sun, all 2:05:09.640 --> 2:05:12.880 of the asylum seekers that we interviewed said no. Border 2:05:12.880 --> 2:05:16.800 patrol did not provide any shelter. When asked whether border 2:05:16.800 --> 2:05:19.920 patrol provided blankets to keep them warm at night, all 2:05:19.960 --> 2:05:22.640 but one of the asylum seekers we interviewed said no. 2:05:23.120 --> 2:05:27.280 Border patrol provided blankets some migrants, but the overwhelming majority, 2:05:27.280 --> 2:05:31.200 did not receive blankets. Altogether, two thirds of the asylum 2:05:31.280 --> 2:05:34.720 seekers we interviewed said that they agree or strongly agree 2:05:34.760 --> 2:05:37.480 with the statement. If I did not receive food and 2:05:37.520 --> 2:05:40.240 water from volunteers, I would not get enough food and 2:05:40.280 --> 2:05:45.480 water from border patrol to survive. These aren't exaggerations, as 2:05:45.520 --> 2:05:48.760 we'll see, several migrants did come very close to losing 2:05:48.800 --> 2:05:50.920 their lives in the five or more days that CBP 2:05:51.040 --> 2:06:02.240 detained people out in the open along the border. Medical 2:06:02.240 --> 2:06:04.960 incidents in this kind of attention are far from uncommon. 2:06:05.800 --> 2:06:08.200 A lawsuit filed against Customs of Border Protection by the 2:06:08.240 --> 2:06:12.160 Southern Border Communities Coalition regarding their actions this week, stated 2:06:12.200 --> 2:06:15.440 that quote, many migrants have fallen into medical distress because 2:06:15.440 --> 2:06:18.320 of the conditions, and CVP has been slow to provide 2:06:18.320 --> 2:06:22.000 access to medical attention, often only responding at the insistence 2:06:22.000 --> 2:06:26.160 of advocates. As a result, one woman suffered life threatening allergies, 2:06:26.440 --> 2:06:29.400 a child suffered an epileptic seizure, and a man suffered 2:06:29.400 --> 2:06:33.360 an unattended infection on his leg. Medical attention was slow 2:06:33.360 --> 2:06:37.320 to arrive, and when it did arrive, it was often insufficient. Kay, 2:06:37.320 --> 2:06:39.440 but describe the conditions they saw a couple of days 2:06:39.440 --> 2:06:40.840 after the end of Title forty two. 2:06:41.280 --> 2:06:45.520 That's really the partct that hard inter state. The conditions 2:06:45.520 --> 2:06:50.280 there were not safe or sanitary. I guess this is 2:06:50.360 --> 2:06:54.320 sort of related to medical issues, but there was that's been, 2:06:54.840 --> 2:06:57.440 you know, to their credit. A suspect has been reported 2:06:57.720 --> 2:07:02.480 in the media that there was a single portable toilet 2:07:02.640 --> 2:07:05.080 for anywhere from I guess there's probably a twilet to 2:07:05.120 --> 2:07:08.960 four hundred people there. I heard a couple of different 2:07:10.320 --> 2:07:14.480 citations of how often this toilet is serviced and cleaned 2:07:14.560 --> 2:07:18.240 and the waste removed anywhere from once or twice a 2:07:18.280 --> 2:07:21.560 week to once every week or two weeks. Either way, 2:07:21.640 --> 2:07:25.000 that's not remotely sufficient for four hundred people using the 2:07:25.000 --> 2:07:28.600 bathroom multiple times a day in this single portable like 2:07:28.720 --> 2:07:33.320 just a construction site toilet. It was right next to 2:07:33.320 --> 2:07:35.440 the phone charging station on the other side of the wall, 2:07:35.560 --> 2:07:39.960 and I would just feel sick if I got if 2:07:39.960 --> 2:07:42.760 I sit too close to it. It was really vile. 2:07:43.160 --> 2:07:46.640 It was not safe. It is not a way for 2:07:46.680 --> 2:07:49.200 people to be helping. And I do know, I think 2:07:49.240 --> 2:07:54.120 a lot of thankfully people stop using it, but then 2:07:54.280 --> 2:07:56.920 they don't have any you know, a privacy or that 2:07:56.920 --> 2:07:59.760 that's still not you know, a sanitary situation to be 2:07:59.840 --> 2:08:02.920 in since I mean, they don't have a future space anywhere. 2:08:04.160 --> 2:08:06.040 So that's definitely one of the way is that people 2:08:07.040 --> 2:08:08.080 intention to help safe. 2:08:08.560 --> 2:08:11.560 He's Samara who hear more from tomorrow describe being another 2:08:11.600 --> 2:08:12.360 medical incident. 2:08:12.560 --> 2:08:14.320 And the call that I got this morning was of 2:08:14.360 --> 2:08:18.440 a woman who was rushed out because she had an 2:08:18.440 --> 2:08:22.360 emergency situation, taken to the hospital. The hospital didn't know 2:08:22.360 --> 2:08:24.520 what to do with her, so they sat her right 2:08:24.560 --> 2:08:26.640 back here in the middle of the night, in the 2:08:26.680 --> 2:08:29.240 middle of the night, and they brought her here. She 2:08:29.280 --> 2:08:32.160 doesn't have any documents. CBP didn't get a chance to 2:08:32.200 --> 2:08:35.240 process her yet, so she doesn't even have any proof 2:08:35.320 --> 2:08:38.080 that she actually came to the port of entry and 2:08:38.120 --> 2:08:41.320 try to seek asylum. And she was just sleeping right here. 2:08:41.440 --> 2:08:44.760 And she has burns all over her body, has an infection. 2:08:44.920 --> 2:08:49.280 I read the the seven medications that they gave her, 2:08:49.560 --> 2:08:53.160 and she speaks daddy. She's from avon Astan. Her husband 2:08:53.240 --> 2:08:56.000 got taken by the Taliban, and she escaped, running for 2:08:56.040 --> 2:08:59.680 her life. And she's here and she has sunburns all 2:08:59.720 --> 2:09:02.440 over her face and she has nowhere to go. She 2:09:02.520 --> 2:09:04.840 thought she was still detained. She actually thought she was 2:09:04.880 --> 2:09:07.160 still detained. She was just trying to get back to 2:09:07.200 --> 2:09:09.400 the other side of the border. She thought she was 2:09:09.400 --> 2:09:12.960 still in Mexico. No one explained anything to her. They 2:09:13.000 --> 2:09:15.120 brought her back here in the middle of the night, 2:09:15.320 --> 2:09:18.880 and she was freezing, and so we brought That's why 2:09:18.920 --> 2:09:21.040 I came out here. I talked to her. The other 2:09:21.080 --> 2:09:23.000 folks who were out here didn't know why she was 2:09:23.040 --> 2:09:26.520 just sleeping here, and I came out and tried to 2:09:26.800 --> 2:09:29.080 translate it, and now we have her at a hotel. 2:09:29.880 --> 2:09:32.520 Cable witness one of the emergencies described in the Southern 2:09:32.520 --> 2:09:35.760 Border Communities Coalition lawsuit when they visited the camp. He's 2:09:35.840 --> 2:09:37.240 him describing it in. 2:09:37.240 --> 2:09:39.920 Terms of you know, medical care as well. Like I said, 2:09:39.920 --> 2:09:43.160 one of the parts of the aid operation, I was 2:09:43.160 --> 2:09:46.600 my n most people. I think there's a permonation both 2:09:46.640 --> 2:09:50.000 of people who were you know and the true medicine 2:09:50.440 --> 2:09:52.960 as well as people who were like nurses volunteering their 2:09:52.960 --> 2:09:57.640 prime and mostly taking care of just kind of retained 2:09:57.680 --> 2:10:02.160 first aid for the most part. There was a situation 2:10:02.240 --> 2:10:09.200 where someone was having an ellergic reaction, a fairly severe one, 2:10:10.080 --> 2:10:13.240 and and I happen to carry an EpiPen, so I 2:10:13.240 --> 2:10:17.640 have simply give that to the one of one of 2:10:17.640 --> 2:10:22.400 the stegematics, and then they eventually did call this person. 2:10:23.480 --> 2:10:26.640 The reaction got severe enough that it was an an 2:10:26.720 --> 2:10:30.200 hour or so later at that nine one was called, 2:10:30.200 --> 2:10:35.080 I assumed by one of the volunteers, and uh Amber 2:10:35.120 --> 2:10:37.280 Villaince and Border Patrol came to open the gate and 2:10:37.280 --> 2:10:40.360 and bring this person in the country. They did eventually 2:10:40.520 --> 2:10:42.720 treat her, but it was a very it was a 2:10:42.720 --> 2:10:47.160 long time. I connunced it acceptance, which is someone as 2:10:47.200 --> 2:10:51.360 someone who has anaphlexis reactions food and it's had that 2:10:51.400 --> 2:10:54.040 happened many times in their life. That is absolutely terrifying. 2:10:54.160 --> 2:10:57.040 I cannot imagine how terrifying it would be to be 2:10:57.120 --> 2:11:01.520 experiencing uh A her wife priding situation, and when you 2:11:01.560 --> 2:11:06.000 worked for APPS and you know there's no authority about 2:11:06.000 --> 2:11:08.960 many parents that you're there, and I don't know if 2:11:08.960 --> 2:11:10.960 she would have been able to get help if there 2:11:10.960 --> 2:11:14.280 have been volunteers in the s while especially once. 2:11:14.080 --> 2:11:19.480 We're training, where volunteers weren't. Things were worse in Texas. 2:11:19.800 --> 2:11:23.680 And Rees Alvarez, an eight year old girl born in 2:11:23.720 --> 2:11:27.480 Panama to or On daur and parents, died in CBP custody. 2:11:28.560 --> 2:11:33.320 Roselle Rees, the girl's father, told NBC News that they 2:11:33.360 --> 2:11:37.320 gave authorities documents about the girl's medical conditions congenital heart 2:11:37.360 --> 2:11:40.919 disease and sickle cell anemia while they were in immigration custody. 2:11:42.040 --> 2:11:44.920 They said that a doctor there examined danideath and that 2:11:44.960 --> 2:11:50.160 she had contracted the flu. Alvarez, her mother said she 2:11:50.200 --> 2:11:53.280 spoke to both detentional authorities and medical personnel at the 2:11:53.280 --> 2:11:56.400 station multiple times to explain her daughter was complaining of 2:11:56.440 --> 2:11:59.440 pain and shortness of breath and that she was getting worse. 2:12:00.520 --> 2:12:02.920 I'll quite the next part directly from the NBC story. 2:12:04.400 --> 2:12:07.480 They never listened to me, she said. Veas said his 2:12:07.560 --> 2:12:10.320 daughter was in a lot of pain, a lot of pain. 2:12:11.480 --> 2:12:15.200 I begged them to call an ambulance, Alvarez said, adding 2:12:15.200 --> 2:12:18.160 the authorities told her the girl's condition wasn't serious enough 2:12:18.160 --> 2:12:22.040 to warrant calling an ambulance. Alvarez said her daughter begged 2:12:22.120 --> 2:12:25.520 authorities as well, telling them she could not breathe from 2:12:25.520 --> 2:12:29.640 her nose or mouth. Alvarez says that eventually her daughter 2:12:29.720 --> 2:12:35.800 lost consciousness and died in my arms. She said, authorities 2:12:35.800 --> 2:12:37.640 took the girl from her arms and put her on 2:12:37.680 --> 2:12:42.160 the floor trying to revive her. My daughter died there 2:12:42.520 --> 2:12:47.040 in the station, she said. Avare said she feels authorities 2:12:47.080 --> 2:12:50.400 did not do enough to help her little girl. My 2:12:50.520 --> 2:12:53.360 daughter is a human being. They had to take care 2:12:53.400 --> 2:12:56.680 of her, she said. Despite what you might have heard 2:12:56.680 --> 2:12:59.880 on the network news, the asylum process is anything but easy. 2:13:00.440 --> 2:13:03.680 I've had several visas, a green card and a US passport, 2:13:03.720 --> 2:13:05.640 and I can completly tell you the only easy way 2:13:05.680 --> 2:13:08.320 I've ever seen to come here is to be very rich. 2:13:09.240 --> 2:13:12.440 But even among the convoluted bureaucratic mess that is US immigration, 2:13:13.000 --> 2:13:16.880 the asylum process stands out as both rigorous and complicated. 2:13:17.440 --> 2:13:20.440 Asylum is a process by which people unable or unwilling 2:13:20.440 --> 2:13:23.120 to return to their country because of persecution or a 2:13:23.200 --> 2:13:29.440 well founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, politics, 2:13:29.800 --> 2:13:33.040 or membership of a particular social group may remain in 2:13:33.080 --> 2:13:37.040 a safe country. From the eleventh of May onwards, migrants 2:13:37.040 --> 2:13:40.240 at the border were assumed ineligible for asylum. If they 2:13:40.320 --> 2:13:43.839 cross between points of entry, they must enter the defensive 2:13:43.840 --> 2:13:47.440 asylum process to prevent themselves from being deported. What this 2:13:47.560 --> 2:13:49.760 means for people we heard from earlier is that they 2:13:49.800 --> 2:13:52.520 are now taken for whatever God forsake and holding area they'rein, 2:13:53.000 --> 2:13:56.080 and bust to a processing facility where they are interviewed 2:13:56.080 --> 2:13:58.120 by an asylum officer to determine if they have a 2:13:58.120 --> 2:14:01.200 credible fear of persecution. They may need to provide a 2:14:01.200 --> 2:14:04.440 translator if there is an interviewing agent who speaks their language, 2:14:04.880 --> 2:14:07.200 and if they're determined to have a credible fear they're 2:14:07.240 --> 2:14:09.240 told to check in with the US Customs and Immigration 2:14:09.320 --> 2:14:12.640 Office and sometimes given a notice which may or may 2:14:12.640 --> 2:14:15.880 not be dated to appear in court. My colleague Joe 2:14:15.880 --> 2:14:17.800 tried to get into one of these hotels to talk 2:14:17.840 --> 2:14:19.720 to one of the people we'd spoken to at the border, 2:14:20.080 --> 2:14:21.560 but he was pretty quickly shut down. 2:14:22.240 --> 2:14:26.720 Yeah, how you doing either, I'm a freelance journalist. I'm 2:14:26.800 --> 2:14:30.080 here reporting for my boss, James Stout, he's at iHeartMedia. 2:14:30.400 --> 2:14:32.400 I'm wondering if you're letting media in here to see 2:14:32.400 --> 2:14:32.840 the causa. 2:14:33.480 --> 2:14:36.080 Okay, also the act you guys and I took the 2:14:36.160 --> 2:14:38.080 strict any of this area here? Okay. 2:14:38.120 --> 2:14:39.520 Well, if you're going to set up, it has to 2:14:39.520 --> 2:14:40.879 be on the side of the line. 2:14:40.680 --> 2:14:42.240 Because they have a line of traffic. 2:14:42.400 --> 2:14:44.080 Yeah, and it's very dangerous for your ka. 2:14:44.360 --> 2:14:47.120 So like beyond here, past the college. Yeah, from here 2:14:47.320 --> 2:14:48.720 over okay, cool, I'll. 2:14:48.560 --> 2:14:49.120 Say how you're way. 2:14:49.240 --> 2:14:49.480 Thank you. 2:14:50.920 --> 2:14:52.760 One of the folks we'd met was able to stay 2:14:52.760 --> 2:14:55.000 in touch for our WhatsApp and share the hotel rules 2:14:55.000 --> 2:14:58.840 with us. They were pretty strict. Migrants are confined to 2:14:58.880 --> 2:15:01.120 their rooms, they can't have visitors, and they can't even 2:15:01.200 --> 2:15:05.240 order food delivery from the hotel where they're hosted by 2:15:05.240 --> 2:15:08.200 Catholic charities. Migrants need to get to their sponsor in 2:15:08.200 --> 2:15:10.480 the United States if they have one. If they don't 2:15:10.520 --> 2:15:12.600 have one, they can be sent just about anywhere. I've 2:15:12.600 --> 2:15:15.040 heard of East African folks having ended up in Alaska, 2:15:15.080 --> 2:15:18.480 for example. Once they get to where they're going to be, 2:15:18.880 --> 2:15:21.960 they check in with US Customs and Immigration Services in 2:15:22.000 --> 2:15:24.400 their new location, and they're given a special phone which 2:15:24.440 --> 2:15:27.600 also tracks their movements. They may have a DNA sample 2:15:27.600 --> 2:15:31.600 take and in addition to fingerprints. Later, sometimes years later, 2:15:31.840 --> 2:15:34.080 they attend a court hearing or two to determine their 2:15:34.080 --> 2:15:37.880 eligibility to stay. I've heard of lawyers charging from five 2:15:37.920 --> 2:15:41.160 thousand dollars to twelve thousand dollars for these hearings, and 2:15:41.440 --> 2:15:44.320 nonprofit legalists and services are totally overwhelmed. At the moment, 2:15:45.160 --> 2:15:48.200 the system's massively backed up, and court dates are being 2:15:48.240 --> 2:15:51.480 given as far out as twenty twenty seven already. They 2:15:51.520 --> 2:15:53.839 may or may not be able to work during that period, 2:15:54.200 --> 2:15:56.280 and under the table work is getting harder and harder 2:15:56.320 --> 2:15:59.720 to find. Even if they do find work on less 2:15:59.720 --> 2:16:01.760 than minut wage, it can be very hard to say 2:16:01.760 --> 2:16:04.600 about five thousand dollars for a lawyer. A Migrants who 2:16:04.600 --> 2:16:07.520 can't find nonprofit help are at a significant disadvantage when 2:16:07.520 --> 2:16:11.680 it comes to their asylum hearings again private security contractors, 2:16:11.680 --> 2:16:15.320 this time from Allied. We're transporting migrants to the hotel 2:16:15.320 --> 2:16:19.240 and guarding it. Like CBP, the private contractors you guard, 2:16:19.360 --> 2:16:22.200 transport and incarce rate migrants or rely on the broken 2:16:22.200 --> 2:16:26.360 in immigration system to make money. Unlike CBP, the agents 2:16:26.400 --> 2:16:29.480 themselves aren't well paid. Nineteen dollars an hours are going 2:16:29.560 --> 2:16:32.400 rate for Allied, not much higher than San Diego's sixteen 2:16:32.480 --> 2:16:36.199 dollars and thirty cents minimum wage. But the company itself 2:16:36.280 --> 2:16:39.080 is huge. It's the third last year as private employer 2:16:39.120 --> 2:16:42.920 in North America after Walmart and Amazon. Allied guards are 2:16:42.920 --> 2:16:46.400 at prisons, airports, and shopping malls across America, and it's 2:16:46.440 --> 2:16:50.320 alleged that some are underpaid, in sufficiently trained, and improperly vetted. 2:16:51.200 --> 2:16:55.480 The company grosses over twenty billion dollars, and it's affiliates 2:16:55.520 --> 2:16:59.280 of frequent political donors. All across this story, you'll see 2:16:59.280 --> 2:17:05.040 this Allied Security iss action, security people, smugglers, customs and 2:17:05.080 --> 2:17:08.480 border protection contractors who build the wall pieces, and contractors 2:17:08.480 --> 2:17:12.480 who install the wall pieces, General Atomics, who sell CBP drones, 2:17:12.520 --> 2:17:16.320 and the Israelian American companies who sell the surveillance technology. 2:17:15.840 --> 2:17:16.360 To the government. 2:17:17.080 --> 2:17:20.320 All these people make money, but the poorest people in 2:17:20.320 --> 2:17:22.920 the world are the only ones losing money, and sometimes 2:17:22.959 --> 2:17:27.160 they're lives when they cross our southern border. Tomorrow we're 2:17:27.200 --> 2:17:29.039 hear from some of the people who made no money 2:17:29.440 --> 2:17:31.879 and looked after the migrants and will continue to support 2:17:31.920 --> 2:17:33.400 them through the asylum process. 2:17:43.400 --> 2:17:46.440 Try and carpool, try and shove into cars as best 2:17:46.480 --> 2:17:48.840 you can, just so that we don't have a mile long. 2:17:50.680 --> 2:17:51.720 Line of cars. 2:17:52.680 --> 2:17:56.360 We have trash bags, we have gloves, we have things 2:17:56.400 --> 2:17:59.760 that we're bringing up there, so what we have cars 2:17:59.760 --> 2:18:01.600 of you can get all of that out of. 2:18:03.360 --> 2:18:04.400 Once we pull over. 2:18:04.520 --> 2:18:06.240 We're also setting up a couple. 2:18:06.040 --> 2:18:06.800 Of pop ups. 2:18:06.840 --> 2:18:09.959 Hoocomber, California, is a tiny town. You've probably never heard 2:18:09.959 --> 2:18:12.600 of it. It's actually really charming. There's a hot spring 2:18:12.920 --> 2:18:16.320 and a gorgeous hotel, a few stores selling trinkets that 2:18:16.440 --> 2:18:18.920 kind of thing. There's a lovely lake fed by the spring, 2:18:19.240 --> 2:18:21.440 and on this sunbake morning, there are about fifty people 2:18:21.480 --> 2:18:24.800 outside an old petrol station nervously pounding bottles of water, 2:18:25.120 --> 2:18:27.480 applying sunscreen, and getting ready to head out to the 2:18:27.480 --> 2:18:30.200 desert to clear up the ad hoc migrant camp that 2:18:30.240 --> 2:18:32.400 has held as many as fifteen hundred people out in 2:18:32.480 --> 2:18:35.440 the open when Title forty two ended and Border Patrol 2:18:35.520 --> 2:18:38.480 made no plans to keep them anywhere. It was a 2:18:38.480 --> 2:18:41.480 diverse bunch of people hidden beneath sun hats. There's an 2:18:41.480 --> 2:18:43.800 Australian film producer who was at a conference in Orlando 2:18:43.800 --> 2:18:46.560 and booked a fly over, a grad student painter. The 2:18:46.600 --> 2:18:48.760 folks who were in the Hookumber Hotel who organize this 2:18:48.840 --> 2:18:52.959 whole thing, they're friends from the hospitality industry in San Diego. 2:18:53.120 --> 2:18:55.400 There were students and mums and dads and about the 2:18:55.520 --> 2:18:59.000 entire population of this tiny desert town. There were also 2:18:59.040 --> 2:19:01.320 two form international aid workers who are in a tower 2:19:01.400 --> 2:19:03.240 where you can look at the desert, which is actually 2:19:03.240 --> 2:19:06.000 a much cooler thing than it sounds. And there's also 2:19:06.040 --> 2:19:07.760 a museum of boulders right next to it. You should 2:19:07.760 --> 2:19:10.400 probably check them out during the area. I spent the 2:19:10.480 --> 2:19:13.440 day helping out in Acumber after the refugees, some of 2:19:13.440 --> 2:19:17.160 them in handcuffs, have been taken by private contractors to 2:19:17.240 --> 2:19:20.920 be processed by CBP's Office of Field Operations. We met 2:19:21.080 --> 2:19:23.160 at a petrol station in the middle of town. The 2:19:23.200 --> 2:19:25.720 space where the pumps should be was filled with tons, 2:19:25.720 --> 2:19:28.560 and I do mean tons of bottled water, masks, hand 2:19:28.640 --> 2:19:32.120 sanitized or and other necessary supplies. When I'd arrived the 2:19:32.200 --> 2:19:35.280 night before around ten pm, the eerie green and yellow 2:19:35.360 --> 2:19:37.560 lights reflecting from the roof had lit up the palace 2:19:37.600 --> 2:19:40.080 of water like some kind of giant lava lamp, and 2:19:40.240 --> 2:19:43.080 driving across the desert, the town looked like it was glowing. 2:19:44.440 --> 2:19:46.160 The town certainly has had a bit of a glow 2:19:46.240 --> 2:19:49.720 up in the last few years. Three business partners purchased 2:19:49.720 --> 2:19:52.040 their cumber hot Springs Hotel, a down in the mouth 2:19:52.080 --> 2:19:55.320 property that had once been a glamorous desert resort, and 2:19:55.360 --> 2:19:59.080 they've been restoring the place for nearly two years. Inadvertently, 2:19:59.120 --> 2:20:01.080 they also purchased a lot of land and a few 2:20:01.080 --> 2:20:03.200 other rundown buildings in a town that were sold as 2:20:03.200 --> 2:20:05.280 a lot with the hotel. It was in one of 2:20:05.280 --> 2:20:08.640 these buildings, the old gas station, that they set up 2:20:08.720 --> 2:20:12.480 a de facto mutual aid hubbo almost overnight. The hotel's 2:20:12.520 --> 2:20:14.600 not finished yet, and they probably didn't make much progress 2:20:14.600 --> 2:20:16.120 on it during the week when they were feeding more 2:20:16.160 --> 2:20:19.640 than a thousand people in the desert. The town's lake, 2:20:19.680 --> 2:20:22.640 fed by a natural spring, an old bath house used 2:20:22.640 --> 2:20:25.920 to be attractions. Today the bathhouse of roof has fallen off, 2:20:25.959 --> 2:20:28.879 but it still makes a pretty cool coincert venue, and 2:20:28.920 --> 2:20:31.520 the whole town offers commanding views of the border wall, 2:20:31.600 --> 2:20:33.879 which sadly is only a couple of hundred yards from 2:20:33.879 --> 2:20:37.800 the main street. When I arrived in Cucumber, everything was close. 2:20:38.320 --> 2:20:40.600 The mini mark was sold out, the hotel was still 2:20:40.600 --> 2:20:43.160 being worked on, and the hotel kitchen was churning out 2:20:43.200 --> 2:20:47.119 food for volunteers at the clean up effort. I asked Marissa, 2:20:47.240 --> 2:20:49.600 one of the volunteers I met that day, about her 2:20:49.640 --> 2:20:51.879 first impressions on arriving at the meeting point. 2:20:52.080 --> 2:20:56.040 I was incredibly impressed by what the people of Hukumber 2:20:56.400 --> 2:21:00.680 and the hotel group of individuals that have organize this, 2:21:00.840 --> 2:21:04.720 Like I couldn't believe seeing their donation depot in that 2:21:05.120 --> 2:21:08.400 old car wash, just to how well organized everything was, 2:21:08.520 --> 2:21:12.160 and that they provided so much for the volunteers, and 2:21:12.640 --> 2:21:18.280 they just the level of love and compassion and was Yeah, 2:21:18.320 --> 2:21:21.320 it was an amazing opportunity to be part of very humbling. 2:21:21.920 --> 2:21:24.199 I've been there since late the night before after visiting 2:21:24.280 --> 2:21:27.560 border crossings in California and Arizona, and Jeff, one of 2:21:27.560 --> 2:21:29.720 the co owners a hotel kind you let me put 2:21:29.800 --> 2:21:32.840 up my truck in some desert behind his house. Now, 2:21:32.840 --> 2:21:34.879 I'm a person who enjoys sleeping outside, and I do 2:21:34.920 --> 2:21:36.840 it as often as I can. I try and camp 2:21:36.840 --> 2:21:40.480 police once a month. But that night I was cold, 2:21:40.720 --> 2:21:43.440 even underneath my down blanket, and I couldn't help but 2:21:43.480 --> 2:21:45.600 think of how desperate it must have been to spend 2:21:45.680 --> 2:21:47.600 nearly a week out there with nothing but in my 2:21:47.680 --> 2:21:51.080 last base blanket and some thorny bushes to keep you warm. 2:21:51.440 --> 2:21:53.400 It's certainly not the welcome that one would expect from 2:21:53.440 --> 2:21:56.400 their richest nation on Earth, which had three years to repair. 2:21:56.520 --> 2:21:59.120 For the day, Title forty two ended to get a 2:21:59.160 --> 2:22:01.359 bit of background, or I spoke to Natalie. 2:22:01.600 --> 2:22:06.039 So the previous owner bought it at an auction, and 2:22:07.000 --> 2:22:09.240 I don't think that the previous owner didn't realize how 2:22:09.320 --> 2:22:11.800 much she was getting, and he kind of just like 2:22:11.959 --> 2:22:14.200 neglected a bunch of it, you know. And then he 2:22:14.640 --> 2:22:16.920 was older, and so he finally sold off the hotel. 2:22:17.000 --> 2:22:18.640 He thought he was just buying the hotel, but he 2:22:19.200 --> 2:22:21.480 buying all the land as well, so they when they 2:22:21.480 --> 2:22:24.120 bought the hotel, they acquired all the land and they're 2:22:24.120 --> 2:22:26.600 actually putting money into it and fixing everything up, which 2:22:26.640 --> 2:22:27.720 is really wonderful. 2:22:28.200 --> 2:22:30.320 The hotel in Lake and hot Spring really are wonderful. 2:22:30.360 --> 2:22:31.840 But the scene that had played out there on the 2:22:31.840 --> 2:22:34.680 eleventh of May with anything but within a short period 2:22:34.720 --> 2:22:37.000 of time, more than a thousand people of all ages 2:22:37.040 --> 2:22:39.840 and nationalities will be held in the open desert and 2:22:39.879 --> 2:22:42.920 left defend large for themselves. I let Natalie describe the 2:22:42.920 --> 2:22:43.640 space there in. 2:22:44.520 --> 2:22:49.080 There's lots of cactuses everywhere, so there's environmental like a 2:22:49.240 --> 2:22:53.560 watch out where you're walking that it's hot. It's hot 2:22:53.600 --> 2:22:55.680 in the day and really cold at night. Because it's 2:22:55.680 --> 2:22:59.400 the high desert, there can be gusts of wind that 2:22:59.480 --> 2:23:04.400 can just take over, get dust in your eyes, your hair, 2:23:04.560 --> 2:23:08.080 everything is. You're just filthy and lack of food. I mean, 2:23:08.120 --> 2:23:10.160 there's no resources. You're in the middle of nowhere. 2:23:10.879 --> 2:23:12.440 I talked to a lot of the volunteers, many of 2:23:12.520 --> 2:23:14.959 whom have been in the desert for Mediet Week. It'd 2:23:15.000 --> 2:23:17.640 first been made aware of the impending humanitarian crisis late 2:23:17.640 --> 2:23:20.040 on Thursday night, but one of the people working on 2:23:20.080 --> 2:23:22.560 the renovation of the Hotsprings Hotel got a call about it. 2:23:22.920 --> 2:23:24.800 Within a few hours, the hotel z owners and all 2:23:24.800 --> 2:23:27.440 their staff were running what became very nearly the only 2:23:27.480 --> 2:23:29.520 source of food, shelter, and water for more than a 2:23:29.600 --> 2:23:33.080 thousand people trapped and held in the desert by CBP. 2:23:34.480 --> 2:23:37.520 I spoke to Sam, another volunteer, to get a sense 2:23:37.520 --> 2:23:41.080 of response. Now, Sam is a kind of guy who 2:23:41.120 --> 2:23:43.240 just looks like he's a home in the desert, his 2:23:43.360 --> 2:23:45.800 wire brim hat, boots, and long cleaved shirt and pants. 2:23:45.920 --> 2:23:48.080 Told me he spent plenty of days under the baking 2:23:48.120 --> 2:23:51.400 sun out here, and his redness with an isoprople alcohol 2:23:51.400 --> 2:23:54.280 spray to disinfect people's boots after walking in an area 2:23:54.320 --> 2:23:57.080 that was likely covered in human shit, told me he'd 2:23:57.080 --> 2:23:59.560 been around one or two situations like this in the past. 2:24:00.120 --> 2:24:02.240 I spent a great deal of my life as his 2:24:02.360 --> 2:24:07.039 second career, working for in developmental relief logistics in Southeast Asia, 2:24:07.120 --> 2:24:12.359 mainly working with large age organizations for example, World Food Program, 2:24:12.480 --> 2:24:14.279 Doctors without Borders. 2:24:14.360 --> 2:24:16.879 Shoe units, many many different place things. 2:24:17.280 --> 2:24:19.160 In the context of that kind of experience, it's easy 2:24:19.200 --> 2:24:22.200 to understand why people come to the United States, but 2:24:22.560 --> 2:24:25.480 I asked Sam to put the situation here into perspective 2:24:25.560 --> 2:24:28.440 for me. It's understandable that folks came to the US, 2:24:28.480 --> 2:24:31.520 but why into a tiny desert town of five hundred people. 2:24:31.920 --> 2:24:34.400 These people were radically unprepared for what they were going 2:24:34.440 --> 2:24:36.800 to go through because they were sold to BILLI Goods 2:24:37.160 --> 2:24:40.000 by coyotes on the other side about what was going 2:24:40.000 --> 2:24:42.960 to happen to them, you understand. So they had really 2:24:43.000 --> 2:24:46.120 no idea what they were getting into at all. And 2:24:46.760 --> 2:24:51.120 so there was not anything in the way of life 2:24:51.160 --> 2:24:55.400 threatening situations for any of those people in any meaningful way, 2:24:55.480 --> 2:24:56.920 a great deal of discomfort. 2:24:57.440 --> 2:24:58.480 It could have turned. 2:24:58.320 --> 2:25:01.080 Very badly at these people here had not stepped up 2:25:01.120 --> 2:25:02.560 because the border patrol. 2:25:02.520 --> 2:25:03.800 Was completely overwhelmed. 2:25:04.360 --> 2:25:08.560 Yeah, and so there was never that bad of a 2:25:08.640 --> 2:25:11.200 situation here compared to what I have seen in other 2:25:11.240 --> 2:25:12.279 places in the past. 2:25:12.720 --> 2:25:14.720 A sound pointed out the migrants were now gone, but 2:25:14.720 --> 2:25:17.680 we were still surrounded by times of supplies. But at 2:25:17.720 --> 2:25:20.240 the time there was no way of knowing the scope 2:25:20.320 --> 2:25:22.880 or scale of the need, and people reacted as best 2:25:22.879 --> 2:25:23.280 they could. 2:25:23.959 --> 2:25:27.400 Actually, it was overkilled, but you had no way of 2:25:27.440 --> 2:25:28.680 knowing right at the time. 2:25:28.800 --> 2:25:30.200 There's just no way to know. How do you know 2:25:30.240 --> 2:25:30.720 ahead of time? 2:25:30.959 --> 2:25:32.640 You always ask for as much as you can get, 2:25:32.680 --> 2:25:34.200 because why would you not. 2:25:34.360 --> 2:25:36.000 I mean, you never know. 2:25:35.640 --> 2:25:38.200 You don't know how many children with babies are on 2:25:38.200 --> 2:25:39.520 the other side of that wall right now. 2:25:39.800 --> 2:25:42.680 Might be zero, might be five hundred. You have no idea, 2:25:42.800 --> 2:25:42.959 you know. 2:25:43.280 --> 2:25:45.760 Before anyone knew how if this was going to end, 2:25:45.920 --> 2:25:48.520 or really what even was going on, dozens of people 2:25:48.520 --> 2:25:51.760 across the county decided to help. One of them was Katie. 2:25:52.640 --> 2:25:55.359 Here she is describing some of the volunteers she worked alongside. 2:25:55.840 --> 2:25:59.760 There was a hard hodgepodge of people and as volunteers 2:26:00.040 --> 2:26:06.400 and leading it were some of the owners of a 2:26:06.440 --> 2:26:11.480 hotel out there and that was the main organizers. But 2:26:11.560 --> 2:26:15.720 who showed up were people from the town, people that 2:26:15.800 --> 2:26:20.360 I knew and recognized. There were some really devout, like 2:26:20.480 --> 2:26:22.879 they're twenty four hours a day, and then there was 2:26:22.920 --> 2:26:27.600 some coming in and out. But I met people from 2:26:27.760 --> 2:26:33.400 all over the county and most of them answered the 2:26:33.440 --> 2:26:36.720 call through instagram of the hotel. 2:26:37.520 --> 2:26:40.480 All those volunteers called their friends, who called their friends, 2:26:40.480 --> 2:26:44.440 who gradually coordinated response. Natalie first became aware of this, 2:26:44.600 --> 2:26:47.760 as many volunteers did, through an Instagram post by Melissa, 2:26:47.840 --> 2:26:49.920 another the three co owners of the Comba Hotel. On 2:26:50.000 --> 2:26:53.440 Thursday night, just as title forty two was ending, Natalie 2:26:53.440 --> 2:26:56.160 saw the post and decided to help. At first, she 2:26:56.200 --> 2:26:58.360 wanted to leave right then at one am as soon 2:26:58.360 --> 2:27:01.039 as she'd seen the post, but often consulting her family, 2:27:01.040 --> 2:27:03.720 she decided to make her own post, asking for people 2:27:03.760 --> 2:27:07.119 to bring supplies that were needed. Soon she was overwhelmed 2:27:07.120 --> 2:27:07.800 by the response. 2:27:08.200 --> 2:27:11.080 Yeah, I mean immediately, even at one in the morning, 2:27:11.120 --> 2:27:13.360 I was getting messages because I posted it. That's when 2:27:13.400 --> 2:27:18.959 I posted the story. I immediately got messages from front 2:27:19.160 --> 2:27:20.920 say I'll bring a blanket over. 2:27:21.800 --> 2:27:24.040 What's your address? Yeah. 2:27:24.080 --> 2:27:26.640 Everyone just kind of rallied and started bringing supplies over, 2:27:27.120 --> 2:27:30.880 collecting money as well. Some friends started collecting money and 2:27:30.959 --> 2:27:35.480 then bought stuff and brought loads of food and things 2:27:35.520 --> 2:27:36.240 to my house. 2:27:36.760 --> 2:27:39.800 Her husband ferried the supplies to Komba, where they were 2:27:39.840 --> 2:27:42.240 joined by donations from all over the county in the 2:27:42.280 --> 2:27:46.240 old petrol station. Like Natalie, Katie also saw a post 2:27:46.320 --> 2:27:49.480 and immediately felt compelled to help. She called a friend 2:27:49.720 --> 2:27:52.680 and some members of her family instead about raising funds 2:27:52.680 --> 2:27:53.560 and buying supplies. 2:27:54.640 --> 2:27:57.720 So I met my friend at a cafe and in 2:27:57.760 --> 2:28:01.280 that in the meantime, and I don't know how much 2:28:01.320 --> 2:28:05.760 of this is really important. So in the meantime, I 2:28:05.920 --> 2:28:10.160 text my mother and my two sisters who live on 2:28:10.200 --> 2:28:13.000 the East Coast, and just it was late at night 2:28:13.040 --> 2:28:17.280 for them, and I just said, I would love for 2:28:17.360 --> 2:28:23.160 you to send prayers, because. 2:28:26.160 --> 2:28:29.920 That's something that I believe in. 2:28:30.280 --> 2:28:37.200 I believe in prayer or intention and thought reality. So 2:28:39.040 --> 2:28:44.400 and some of it was just because I felt so touch, 2:28:44.760 --> 2:28:49.440 like praying for the community that I love too. And 2:28:53.040 --> 2:28:56.320 the next thing I know, like my venmo was blowing 2:28:56.440 --> 2:28:58.640 up and there was one thousand dollars in my venmo 2:28:59.760 --> 2:29:03.960 send from my family members. And so by the time 2:29:04.000 --> 2:29:07.000 my friend arrived, we were like, let's go, and we 2:29:08.600 --> 2:29:15.520 filled our car with Amazingly, we found like organic, there's 2:29:15.680 --> 2:29:20.040 grocery outlet, right, So we found organic soup for you know, 2:29:20.240 --> 2:29:26.240 dollars something a can, and we spent a few hundred dollars. 2:29:26.320 --> 2:29:30.560 And the next morning we met early and we stopped 2:29:30.560 --> 2:29:32.760 in El Cone on the way and we spent all 2:29:32.800 --> 2:29:35.520 the rest on We went to three or four thrift 2:29:35.560 --> 2:29:39.199 stores and bought every blanket and hat and baby carrier 2:29:40.160 --> 2:29:48.800 because we have both focused on motherhood in our careers. 2:29:49.280 --> 2:29:51.160 I asked people I spoke to about a week later 2:29:51.200 --> 2:29:52.720 how the experience had impacted them. 2:29:53.120 --> 2:29:59.800 It was overwhelming, just the way the community really came 2:30:00.080 --> 2:30:04.280 around and supported the people in Cucumber that were just 2:30:04.360 --> 2:30:10.360 finding help. You know, after we finished cleaning up, when 2:30:10.600 --> 2:30:15.840 we were back at the gas station, the Amazon driver 2:30:16.400 --> 2:30:19.360 was delivering, like I think he delivered three hundred and 2:30:19.440 --> 2:30:23.760 fifty boxes, and so we had to open them up 2:30:23.760 --> 2:30:29.680 and sort them, and there was so much food. I 2:30:29.680 --> 2:30:34.240 think that it was insane amount of food, and it 2:30:34.280 --> 2:30:36.480 was awesome. It was really cool just to see how 2:30:36.959 --> 2:30:38.839 many people stabbed. 2:30:38.440 --> 2:30:39.400 Up and donated. 2:30:39.959 --> 2:30:42.920 I like some of the people I saw in Santa Sedro. Natalie, Katie, 2:30:43.000 --> 2:30:45.520 Sam and Marissa are not part of an NGO or 2:30:45.600 --> 2:30:48.760 a mutual aid collective. They're just people who wanted to help, 2:30:49.440 --> 2:30:52.320 and that describes most of the people in Hucomber. Whether 2:30:52.440 --> 2:30:55.119 some of them did have previous and regular volunteer experience 2:30:55.120 --> 2:30:58.240 with excellent groups like Border Kindness. I asked Katie to 2:30:58.240 --> 2:31:01.080 reflect on the mutual aid approach and the absence of massive, 2:31:01.160 --> 2:31:02.840 multimillion dollar organizations. 2:31:03.280 --> 2:31:04.480 Yeah, wasn't there. 2:31:04.560 --> 2:31:08.560 Race, No, they weren't there. We were told that the 2:31:08.600 --> 2:31:11.800 Red Cross couldn't come unless Border patrol called, and Border 2:31:11.840 --> 2:31:14.440 patrol told us that they weren't allowed to call the 2:31:14.440 --> 2:31:15.080 Red Cross. 2:31:15.680 --> 2:31:18.400 That's a pretty expanded The one institution that did show 2:31:18.440 --> 2:31:20.720 support to people in ucumber was one that you might 2:31:20.720 --> 2:31:23.520 not expect, given the support for this cruel immigration policy 2:31:23.560 --> 2:31:26.960 by almost all the Democrats in DC. But things are 2:31:27.000 --> 2:31:29.360 different when you can see the results of these policies 2:31:29.360 --> 2:31:31.640 with your own eyes. Perhaps that's why I didn't see 2:31:31.640 --> 2:31:33.840 a single elected official in my entire week at the border. 2:31:34.560 --> 2:31:38.600 But one person I missed who everyone mentioned was a 2:31:38.680 --> 2:31:42.760 lady who worked for California Senator Steve Pidea. I won't 2:31:42.840 --> 2:31:45.400 name her as I don't have her permission, but hopefully 2:31:45.400 --> 2:31:47.400 one day soon we'll be able to interview her. I'll 2:31:47.480 --> 2:31:49.199 let Katie describe the role this woman played. 2:31:49.560 --> 2:31:54.080 There was someone from Steve Padia's team, and that's the 2:31:54.160 --> 2:32:00.320 woman I rode with, and she was incredible. Her her 2:32:00.400 --> 2:32:04.160 brother in law is the chef at the hotel, so 2:32:04.480 --> 2:32:08.800 I think, I mean, she might have came anyway, but 2:32:09.640 --> 2:32:15.480 she came faster and there was true connection and she 2:32:15.720 --> 2:32:18.440 stood up to the border patrol and said, you know, 2:32:18.600 --> 2:32:23.400 said we're allowed. We're here on behalf of the senator. So, 2:32:23.840 --> 2:32:28.600 I mean I saw some like had had like arguments 2:32:28.640 --> 2:32:33.360 about our right to be there, and most of us didn't. 2:32:33.400 --> 2:32:36.160 Weren't paying attention to that. We were paying attention to 2:32:36.240 --> 2:32:40.240 the people that we were, you know, around and no 2:32:40.280 --> 2:32:46.280 one that was out there didn't believe that we should 2:32:46.360 --> 2:32:50.360 be out there and that more help should be out there. 2:32:51.120 --> 2:32:54.720 Sadly, part of that familiarity with the system this woman 2:32:54.800 --> 2:32:57.520 brought to the team also meant a familiarity with the 2:32:57.600 --> 2:33:00.720 cruel and arbitrary nature of it. Katie says that they 2:33:00.720 --> 2:33:02.000 had to organize for that as well. 2:33:02.480 --> 2:33:06.520 So my friend and I we ended up writing in 2:33:06.600 --> 2:33:14.760 her truck, so in Steve Padia's Senator Padilla's assistant truck. 2:33:14.959 --> 2:33:19.280 So we had the opportunity to ask some questions that 2:33:19.360 --> 2:33:24.000 probably everyone out there wanted to know, including the migrants, 2:33:25.080 --> 2:33:30.320 And it was like, what will happen in what's the 2:33:30.400 --> 2:33:33.560 process from here? And how do you know that these 2:33:33.600 --> 2:33:37.680 people are being tended to? And I literally heard her 2:33:37.760 --> 2:33:41.959 on the phone getting as many bodies on the ground 2:33:42.040 --> 2:33:45.280 to start going to those centers where they're being taken 2:33:45.760 --> 2:33:49.920 to make sure that they were, that we would follow 2:33:50.040 --> 2:33:57.920 them through the entire process as best possible, monitoring their 2:33:58.000 --> 2:34:02.120 well cared for that they were well cared for as 2:34:02.200 --> 2:34:08.280 well cared for as possible in a system and a 2:34:08.959 --> 2:34:10.040 process like that. 2:34:10.640 --> 2:34:10.840 Yeah. 2:34:12.760 --> 2:34:18.040 Yeah, but she literally said they're going to be busted 2:34:18.040 --> 2:34:22.959 off and putt in cages, and that they would do 2:34:23.000 --> 2:34:26.360 their best to make sure that that no one was 2:34:26.400 --> 2:34:34.360 split up and that everyone was fed, showered, and they 2:34:34.400 --> 2:34:39.520 weren't allowed to bring anything with them, So a lot 2:34:39.520 --> 2:34:44.359 of the cleanup was all of the things that everyone 2:34:44.480 --> 2:34:52.200 donated that had to be left behind, including some of 2:34:52.240 --> 2:34:53.720 the stuffed animals. 2:34:54.280 --> 2:34:56.080 For all the volunteers I spoke to, the chance to 2:34:56.120 --> 2:35:00.080 be of service was empowering. Here's Natalie discussing that, Yeah. 2:35:00.040 --> 2:35:01.560 I mean, well, like and so many times do you 2:35:01.600 --> 2:35:05.320 like feel overwhelmed with like so much suffering in this world, 2:35:05.360 --> 2:35:07.320 and like what can one person do? 2:35:08.160 --> 2:35:08.400 You know? 2:35:08.520 --> 2:35:12.720 And so it did feel good that to actually see 2:35:12.720 --> 2:35:15.120 an immediate impact, like I'm doing this and this is 2:35:15.160 --> 2:35:19.360 a result, because sometimes you can just get discouraged, you know, 2:35:19.440 --> 2:35:20.680 like we're just one person. 2:35:20.800 --> 2:35:22.120 What can we really do? 2:35:22.200 --> 2:35:25.560 And can we really make an impact and just seeing 2:35:25.600 --> 2:35:29.600 that and being able to see directly how that one 2:35:29.640 --> 2:35:33.120 person can impact, you know, can rally. Like the scene 2:35:33.120 --> 2:35:37.160 how my friends came together, you know, went shopping, bought things, 2:35:37.240 --> 2:35:41.520 gathered money, collected money. You know, my really good friend Sam, 2:35:42.080 --> 2:35:45.640 she went to her local bar after she collected a 2:35:45.640 --> 2:35:48.879 bunch of money, went and dropped stuff, supplies off at 2:35:48.920 --> 2:35:52.400 my house. She was just down at her local bar 2:35:52.440 --> 2:35:55.440 and just chatting with them and like, oh, what did 2:35:55.520 --> 2:35:57.240 you do today, And so she told them, oh, I 2:35:57.280 --> 2:36:00.680 collected money and I bought supplies, and then the people 2:36:00.800 --> 2:36:03.320 She ended up collecting about two hundred more dollars at 2:36:03.360 --> 2:36:06.760 the bar from people hearing her story. And so then 2:36:06.800 --> 2:36:09.080 the next day she went and bought more supplies and 2:36:09.160 --> 2:36:11.320 she actually ended up driving them out herself. She ended 2:36:11.360 --> 2:36:15.440 up doing like three drips just from her own talking 2:36:15.440 --> 2:36:18.359 to people and collecting. So just like the little impact 2:36:18.400 --> 2:36:21.160 that you know, everyone just kind of coming together and 2:36:21.200 --> 2:36:22.040 making a difference. 2:36:43.879 --> 2:36:46.640 Santas Dre a pretty diverse range of San Diegans came 2:36:46.680 --> 2:36:49.440 to help. On the first night, I personally left at 2:36:49.440 --> 2:36:52.080 about one in the morning after spending almost two hours 2:36:52.080 --> 2:36:54.760 trying to leave but needing to get charge phones back 2:36:54.800 --> 2:36:58.560 to their owners by loudly in Spanish and French, then English, 2:36:58.640 --> 2:37:01.840 describing the backgrounds on the phone or the color of 2:37:01.879 --> 2:37:17.760 their case. It wasn't a great system, and by the weekend, 2:37:17.800 --> 2:37:20.400 Caber and others had seen that more help an organization 2:37:20.560 --> 2:37:23.920 was needed and they decided to plan a response. He's 2:37:24.000 --> 2:37:25.760 Caba describing how they prepared for that. 2:37:26.080 --> 2:37:34.240 Yeah, yeah, we met target near my area. Anxiety. Maybe 2:37:34.360 --> 2:37:37.600 I'll just grab some I was paying attention to people 2:37:37.640 --> 2:37:41.720 and what supplies they were saying was needed. A particular 2:37:41.920 --> 2:37:45.520 store near me has like a wall of travel size 2:37:46.360 --> 2:37:50.800 time prodestionally just scoop out one hundred hands and past 2:37:50.879 --> 2:37:51.560 and things like that. 2:37:52.080 --> 2:37:53.800 Caber met up with some other members of a local 2:37:53.879 --> 2:37:56.800 mutual aid group. I'll make sure to include donation links 2:37:56.800 --> 2:37:58.440 for all the groups I've mentioned at the end of 2:37:58.480 --> 2:38:00.480 this series, so please make sure to listen right through 2:38:00.480 --> 2:38:00.879 to the end. 2:38:01.080 --> 2:38:04.480 I met up with him and he had just received 2:38:04.600 --> 2:38:08.960 a bunch of donations through through mutually networks, so we 2:38:08.959 --> 2:38:11.360 were not even more of a travel size I got 2:38:11.400 --> 2:38:16.960 some truth Truth hygiene kits and guderate and and a 2:38:16.959 --> 2:38:20.400 bunch of friends and papers because because the kids that 2:38:20.520 --> 2:38:26.599 are between the walls don't really have actually do unfortunately, 2:38:26.640 --> 2:38:29.680 so so that those were those went really fast and 2:38:29.800 --> 2:38:32.520 so we got a whole bunch of bags of all 2:38:32.560 --> 2:38:34.600 those kinds of supplies and then we drop down the 2:38:34.640 --> 2:38:35.320 border from there. 2:38:35.600 --> 2:38:39.080 By the time they arrived, various organizations had organized areas 2:38:39.080 --> 2:38:41.000 along the wall for different kinds of aid to be 2:38:41.040 --> 2:38:45.160 passed through. Everything from clothes to food to medical supplies 2:38:45.160 --> 2:38:47.959 and toilet paper was piled up given out the. 2:38:48.040 --> 2:38:50.920 Watch donations and you know, organized the toilet paper, food, 2:38:50.959 --> 2:38:53.040 everything like that, and peopleould just come up to the 2:38:53.080 --> 2:38:55.160 wall and if their family needed something, they would just 2:38:55.280 --> 2:38:58.000 kind of point to it and were asked us if 2:38:58.000 --> 2:38:59.400 we were able to, you know, if there was a 2:38:59.480 --> 2:39:02.560 common languae there. So yeah, we just kind of you know, 2:39:02.760 --> 2:39:07.200 do things as people needing them. I know that I 2:39:07.240 --> 2:39:09.840 helped them out some prints and pads of paper and 2:39:09.879 --> 2:39:14.360 those where those tons of kids all came running over 2:39:14.480 --> 2:39:16.640 from the whole all the parts of the camp when 2:39:16.640 --> 2:39:19.840 they heard that there was there were twys being given out. 2:39:20.640 --> 2:39:23.640 So that was it was it was heartbreaking, but it 2:39:23.760 --> 2:39:26.600 was also you know, it made me smile. 2:39:26.360 --> 2:39:30.480 Through smiled because of the need to use CBP one 2:39:30.560 --> 2:39:32.000 and of course they need to stay in touch with 2:39:32.040 --> 2:39:35.720 families back home. There was a constant and overwhelming demand 2:39:35.840 --> 2:39:39.000 for phone charging. News reporters took phones back to charge 2:39:39.000 --> 2:39:42.720 in their cars. Some people bought charge bricks and power strips, 2:39:42.760 --> 2:39:45.320 and mutual aid groups wrote names on the back of 2:39:45.360 --> 2:39:48.200 the phones using painters tape and sharpie so they wouldn't 2:39:48.200 --> 2:39:51.480 get separated from their owners. By the second day it 2:39:51.560 --> 2:39:53.520 was a better system, but on the first day it 2:39:53.560 --> 2:39:56.240 was chaos. I let Kaber, who spent a whole day 2:39:56.320 --> 2:39:59.080 charging phones, described the system that volunteers came up with 2:39:59.200 --> 2:40:00.760 to mitigate that also a little bit. 2:40:01.360 --> 2:40:04.840 And obviously they couldn't charge their phones if they're just 2:40:04.879 --> 2:40:09.720 in this kind of desert gap between between these walls 2:40:09.720 --> 2:40:12.640 that doesn't you know, have any kind of amenities or anything. 2:40:13.560 --> 2:40:17.360 So we had a system where they would pass the 2:40:17.400 --> 2:40:21.480 phone through, and we had we would we would put 2:40:21.480 --> 2:40:23.640 a piece of tape on it with their name and 2:40:24.160 --> 2:40:26.080 give them a piece of tape with their name, the 2:40:26.400 --> 2:40:28.920 same name, and then they would give us that if 2:40:28.920 --> 2:40:30.440 they came back a couple hours later and give us 2:40:30.440 --> 2:40:32.520 the tape back, and we would match their names and 2:40:32.680 --> 2:40:36.680 in the phone, and and that was It worked well. 2:40:36.800 --> 2:40:37.039 Enough. 2:40:37.240 --> 2:40:41.960 I mean it was still extraordinarily chaotic process. I mean, 2:40:42.000 --> 2:40:44.240 we had we always had at least one hundred phones 2:40:45.000 --> 2:40:47.720 on our side of the wallet any given time, and 2:40:47.720 --> 2:40:51.120 and some people had you know, some people had chargers, 2:40:51.120 --> 2:40:54.240 some people didn't. Some people had Android or Samsung or 2:40:54.520 --> 2:40:58.200 or the iPhones, and some people had wall adaptors, and 2:40:58.240 --> 2:41:00.880 some people didn't have the wallet says, So we kind 2:41:00.879 --> 2:41:03.160 of had to every phone that came through was we 2:41:03.160 --> 2:41:05.360 had to find a way to get it, you know, 2:41:05.680 --> 2:41:08.640 basically chained into the set of generators that we had, 2:41:08.680 --> 2:41:10.160 which was do we have our power strips and we 2:41:10.200 --> 2:41:12.879 have to write cables and and we have space on 2:41:12.920 --> 2:41:15.840 those cables, and and I think it was it was 2:41:15.879 --> 2:41:18.440 a bit of a puzzle the whole time. The only 2:41:18.640 --> 2:41:21.960 part of it that really overwhelmed me was we did overload. 2:41:22.800 --> 2:41:28.880 Someone brought a bunch of USBC power strips and we 2:41:29.160 --> 2:41:33.200 blew out one of them, and so there was now 2:41:33.400 --> 2:41:35.400 eight phones attached to it that I had to find 2:41:35.440 --> 2:41:39.400 new spaces for. And I was just like that was 2:41:39.440 --> 2:41:41.160 the really point where I was just I was just 2:41:41.200 --> 2:41:45.480 frustrated by the you know, this whole situation. And in 2:41:45.520 --> 2:41:48.840 addition to the fact that I'm just the phones were 2:41:49.120 --> 2:41:51.360 plug that plug in the net strip had been charging 2:41:51.400 --> 2:41:54.440 for who knows how long since that been is I 2:41:54.520 --> 2:41:57.640 think short, sparticular or whatever happened to it. 2:41:57.640 --> 2:41:59.760 It was chaos, but it was a good nature chaos. 2:42:00.440 --> 2:42:02.840 Over several days that migrants would attained in the open 2:42:02.879 --> 2:42:05.720 with no shelter and inadequate sanitation, just about two miles 2:42:05.760 --> 2:42:08.040 from the discount mall where you can buy cheap Ralpherend's 2:42:08.040 --> 2:42:10.879 shirts if that's your jam. People showed up in ever 2:42:10.959 --> 2:42:15.720 increasing numbers. The American Friends Service Committee helped organize volunteers 2:42:15.760 --> 2:42:19.840 into groups to distribute food, package up wet white snacks, medicines, 2:42:20.280 --> 2:42:23.240 give out tops, and do just about anything else that 2:42:23.280 --> 2:42:25.720 they could, or anything else that they could fit into 2:42:25.760 --> 2:42:27.680 ziploc bags. It could be passed through gaps in the wall. 2:42:27.760 --> 2:42:31.039 At least people who had been immigrants themselves or who 2:42:31.040 --> 2:42:34.160 were the children of immigrants were not to be numerous 2:42:34.200 --> 2:42:36.760 among the volunteers. I spoke to one of them. 2:42:37.600 --> 2:42:39.200 My name is Lantai. 2:42:39.840 --> 2:42:42.800 I'm a part of Asian Soliday Collective, a grass with 2:42:42.920 --> 2:42:46.760 organization here in San Diego. I've been cooming over here 2:42:46.760 --> 2:42:49.879 since yesterday. I came here around five six yesterday, and 2:42:49.920 --> 2:42:52.760 then I came back through here this morning and been 2:42:52.760 --> 2:42:55.039 here since. I got home at twelve last night and 2:42:55.240 --> 2:42:57.280 woke up, dropped my kid off, and came right back 2:42:57.600 --> 2:43:00.600 with more supplies. I've been reaching out to family, friends 2:43:00.600 --> 2:43:04.640 and community to help donate supplies and things like that, food, whatever, 2:43:04.720 --> 2:43:05.680 whatever they may have. 2:43:06.280 --> 2:43:10.160 And I've pretty much been driving around city. 2:43:09.840 --> 2:43:12.240 And collecting from from folks that can't make it so 2:43:12.280 --> 2:43:13.520 I could bring it down here myself. 2:43:14.240 --> 2:43:15.240 So that's what I've been doing. 2:43:15.720 --> 2:43:17.879 LUNCHA explain to me why it was so important to 2:43:17.879 --> 2:43:20.640 show up my community. 2:43:20.959 --> 2:43:24.080 I'm pretty sure they they they're sympathetic to this because 2:43:24.640 --> 2:43:27.920 I'm coming from I'm a first generation uh Cambodon American 2:43:27.920 --> 2:43:31.160 here in the US, and when my parents and my 2:43:31.240 --> 2:43:35.560 family fled their country, they went through this as well. 2:43:35.920 --> 2:43:39.879 So somebody somewhere came and provided to support, provided to 2:43:39.920 --> 2:43:42.720 aid the donations for them to be able to make 2:43:42.760 --> 2:43:47.120 it to America to crossover, and able to provide out 2:43:47.120 --> 2:43:49.480 here for for me growing up out here, you know. 2:43:49.640 --> 2:43:52.360 So it's just I just sympathize with it, with the 2:43:52.400 --> 2:43:55.640 whole thing. I mean, I mean, everybody should should should 2:43:55.640 --> 2:43:58.040 feel the same way. Because somewhere down the line, our 2:43:58.080 --> 2:44:01.439 families went through similar situations. If you're not an indigenous, 2:44:01.600 --> 2:44:04.119 then then then your family somewhere down down to history 2:44:04.120 --> 2:44:05.000 went through the same thing. 2:44:05.120 --> 2:44:06.959 So you know that everybody should have a heart for 2:44:06.959 --> 2:44:07.600 this and be able. 2:44:07.520 --> 2:44:10.040 To come down here and and and and donate or 2:44:10.080 --> 2:44:12.280 donate their time or supplies, whatever the case may be. 2:44:12.360 --> 2:44:13.280 You know, come out in help. 2:44:13.760 --> 2:44:17.039 He also explained why he feels it's important to encourage 2:44:17.040 --> 2:44:18.120 empathy for refugees. 2:44:18.680 --> 2:44:20.320 Well, it's it's you have to, you have to, you 2:44:20.320 --> 2:44:22.199 have to be keep in mind, there's there's this families 2:44:22.200 --> 2:44:25.080 out here, there's this young children, there's babies. I mean, 2:44:25.120 --> 2:44:27.800 it takes a lot for for for a mother to 2:44:27.879 --> 2:44:30.480 pick up her infant child and to leave where she's 2:44:30.520 --> 2:44:31.080 coming from. 2:44:31.240 --> 2:44:33.320 So that just says a lot about where. 2:44:33.160 --> 2:44:34.920 What's going on where she's coming for for her to 2:44:35.040 --> 2:44:37.640 to to trek and to go through this, to to 2:44:37.680 --> 2:44:39.040 sit out here in the cold and stuff. 2:44:39.080 --> 2:44:41.879 Because if she would rather endure her endure this. 2:44:41.920 --> 2:44:44.600 And and and and take the risk and the chances 2:44:44.720 --> 2:44:47.640 that means where she's coming from is not as you know, 2:44:47.840 --> 2:44:49.039 she's willing to take that risk. 2:44:50.080 --> 2:44:52.200 Latest that night I saw an Afghan family come to 2:44:52.240 --> 2:44:55.400 help the other Afghan families. Their kids talk to other 2:44:55.440 --> 2:44:59.359 Afghan kids separated by the border war. They passed crayons 2:44:59.360 --> 2:45:02.160 to the war and coloring books, and the little daughter 2:45:02.200 --> 2:45:03.959 asked her dad if she could give her watch to 2:45:03.959 --> 2:45:06.360 the Afghan girl being held in the camp. Her dad said, 2:45:06.360 --> 2:45:10.000 of course, I don't record or photograph people's children, certainly 2:45:10.480 --> 2:45:12.560 not without asking, and I wasn't about to interrupt them, 2:45:12.560 --> 2:45:15.360 but it was a very sweet moment. The father of 2:45:15.360 --> 2:45:17.920 the family had worked in the Army Corps of Engineers. 2:45:18.240 --> 2:45:20.959 He'd been to the border before to build this section 2:45:21.000 --> 2:45:23.840 of the wall. I didn't really need to ask him 2:45:23.920 --> 2:45:25.840 how it felt to see folks stuck behind it, but 2:45:26.360 --> 2:45:27.840 it said a lot that he and his family had 2:45:27.840 --> 2:45:31.039 taken the time to drive down, buy bags and supplies, 2:45:31.400 --> 2:45:33.080 and then come face to face with the people who 2:45:33.120 --> 2:45:36.520 needed them and hand them out. Like dozens of other folks, 2:45:36.720 --> 2:45:39.119 they tried to pass whatever they could through little gaps 2:45:39.160 --> 2:45:42.000 in the wall to make someone's day a little bit brighter. 2:45:42.879 --> 2:45:45.280 Another volunteer who we heard from yesterday came from a 2:45:45.280 --> 2:45:48.760 local group called Partner Hermira had been at the wall 2:45:48.800 --> 2:45:50.400 since five in the morning, and it was getting on 2:45:50.440 --> 2:45:53.119 for five pm. When we spoke. I normally asked people 2:45:53.160 --> 2:45:54.760 what they ate for breakfast, just to tune in the 2:45:54.800 --> 2:45:57.000 volume levels on the recorder a bit, but I'm going 2:45:57.040 --> 2:45:58.760 to include it this time, just so you can see 2:45:58.760 --> 2:46:00.280 how long her day had been and how hot she've 2:46:00.320 --> 2:46:00.800 been working. 2:46:01.560 --> 2:46:04.320 Okay, do you know what you want me to say? Second, 2:46:04.680 --> 2:46:07.160 we have a breakfast again. I don't remember anymore French 2:46:07.200 --> 2:46:11.440 showsts FRESD shosts, but my name is Hamaira y Safi, 2:46:11.600 --> 2:46:13.560 and I'm with a Partnership for the Advancement of New 2:46:13.600 --> 2:46:18.039 Americans PANA, or an organization in San Diego that fights 2:46:18.040 --> 2:46:22.200 for the full inclusion of refugees and those who come 2:46:22.200 --> 2:46:23.800 from refugee producing countries. 2:46:24.640 --> 2:46:26.920 We spoke about the emergency that had kept our hair 2:46:26.959 --> 2:46:27.360 all day. 2:46:27.640 --> 2:46:30.320 So in terms of this morning, I mean I was, 2:46:30.360 --> 2:46:33.400 I was, you know, very concerned because there was an 2:46:33.440 --> 2:46:38.840 asylum seeker who had an emergency and was rushed out 2:46:38.879 --> 2:46:41.200 of this place where now, like for example, where we 2:46:41.240 --> 2:46:45.080 are at right now, is people who are being detained 2:46:45.680 --> 2:46:49.000 and the most inhumane way possible. This is going against 2:46:49.000 --> 2:46:53.119 CBP's own protocols and policies as to how they're being 2:46:53.160 --> 2:46:56.320 detained with no they're not giving them food, they're not 2:46:56.400 --> 2:46:59.320 giving them bathrooms, they're not giving them basic, basic things 2:46:59.320 --> 2:47:01.280 that they need to survive. And so that's why the 2:47:01.320 --> 2:47:03.560 community is out here today to do that. 2:47:08.760 --> 2:47:11.560 Sadly, not everyone who showed up at the makeshift detention 2:47:11.640 --> 2:47:15.440 facility was showing up in solidarity. Local anti migrant activist 2:47:15.480 --> 2:47:17.039 and blogger Roger Ogden showed up. 2:47:17.360 --> 2:47:17.520 Now. 2:47:17.520 --> 2:47:19.560 Ogden might be familiar to some listeners due to his 2:47:19.600 --> 2:47:22.160 attempts to host he called a Patriot picnic and his 2:47:22.200 --> 2:47:25.800 advocacy for the removal of the historic murals in Chicago Park. 2:47:26.400 --> 2:47:28.920 Ogden organized gatherings in the park in twenty seventeen and 2:47:29.000 --> 2:47:31.959 twenty eighteen, and they resulted in a huge and overwhelming 2:47:31.959 --> 2:47:35.720 community response to defend the park. And this time Olden 2:47:35.720 --> 2:47:39.040 decided to keep to himself, but Natalie ran into some 2:47:39.040 --> 2:47:41.840 people who weren't quite as shy about their opinions. 2:47:42.120 --> 2:47:44.560 You know, a lot of the people in the community 2:47:45.080 --> 2:47:48.800 are you know, lower income, and you know, they are 2:47:48.959 --> 2:47:52.760 struggling in their own struggle on their and so I know, 2:47:55.000 --> 2:47:57.880 you know, maybe I don't know, it's like for those people, 2:47:57.879 --> 2:48:03.920 I don't know, like, yeah, it's hard. 2:48:04.120 --> 2:48:04.520 I don't know. 2:48:05.879 --> 2:48:08.160 I mean towards the end, like when I was walking 2:48:08.200 --> 2:48:11.360 to my car, this man, this man in a car 2:48:11.480 --> 2:48:13.560 like pulled up and he's excuse me, what's going on 2:48:13.600 --> 2:48:15.800 over there? And I was like, Oh, we're gathering, you know, 2:48:15.879 --> 2:48:20.360 supplies for the asylum seekers. And then I you know, like, 2:48:20.440 --> 2:48:22.800 if you're from here, you kind of if you're in Hookumba, 2:48:22.920 --> 2:48:25.160 you kind of already knew what was going on, and 2:48:25.200 --> 2:48:27.200 so him asking me that, I was kind of like, 2:48:27.320 --> 2:48:32.000 m and then he just started laying into I've had illegals, 2:48:32.840 --> 2:48:35.040 you know, have broken into my house a few times. 2:48:35.040 --> 2:48:37.600 Why are you supporting illegals? And I'm like, we're trying 2:48:37.640 --> 2:48:41.520 to let like make sure that people don't die, and 2:48:41.600 --> 2:48:44.120 he just kept going off on me, and so he, 2:48:44.280 --> 2:48:45.359 you know, his the whole. 2:48:47.400 --> 2:48:48.920 All the talking. 2:48:48.600 --> 2:48:54.039 Points that people have about not allowing people to seek 2:48:54.080 --> 2:48:56.960 asylum here, and so I just walked away. 2:48:57.520 --> 2:48:59.959 Maurica didn't run into the same kind of vocal opposition, 2:49:00.280 --> 2:49:03.279 but she said in her conversations and attempts to process 2:49:03.320 --> 2:49:05.840 everything she'd see, she ran into some of the sort 2:49:05.840 --> 2:49:08.119 of need jate responses. So people can only really make 2:49:08.120 --> 2:49:10.640 about immigration when they haven't looked the cruelty that they're 2:49:10.680 --> 2:49:11.840 advocating for in the face. 2:49:12.320 --> 2:49:16.000 It took me a little while to kind of work 2:49:16.040 --> 2:49:19.640 through just how I felt about it on an emotional, 2:49:22.000 --> 2:49:23.160 maybe a spiritual level. 2:49:25.640 --> 2:49:25.800 You know. 2:49:25.879 --> 2:49:29.240 I spoke with family and friends about it, about my experience, 2:49:29.320 --> 2:49:36.720 and it's difficult to I found it difficult to explain 2:49:37.240 --> 2:49:42.960 my experience because I don't know that somebody can really 2:49:43.000 --> 2:49:45.640 truly understand that unless they've actually been out there and 2:49:45.680 --> 2:49:51.959 done it themselves. Because the arguments or they're kind of. 2:49:53.920 --> 2:49:55.800 Debate, so to speak. 2:49:55.840 --> 2:49:58.760 What they would come back at me with when I 2:49:58.840 --> 2:50:03.520 was sharing that is, but we don't have enough food 2:50:03.760 --> 2:50:07.039 or housing to be able to support that many people 2:50:07.080 --> 2:50:10.760 coming in. And I'm like, but we just had so 2:50:10.920 --> 2:50:13.680 many people and so much money put out there to 2:50:13.879 --> 2:50:16.360 help in a very short amount of time. Look how 2:50:16.360 --> 2:50:19.680 many donations were donated, how much money was contributed in 2:50:19.720 --> 2:50:21.680 a short amount of time from not that many people. 2:50:21.680 --> 2:50:24.760 I'm like, obviously we do have the money, Obviously we 2:50:24.800 --> 2:50:30.160 do have the food. So where's the breakdown? Like, is 2:50:30.200 --> 2:50:33.400 it our system that just doesn't allow for that happened? 2:50:33.440 --> 2:50:36.720 I don't know, And that that's where I don't understand 2:50:36.720 --> 2:50:37.199 it enough. 2:50:37.280 --> 2:50:37.959 But I feel like. 2:50:40.040 --> 2:50:43.000 It just made me realize that I don't know that 2:50:43.280 --> 2:50:47.520 anybody that I spoke to afterward really understands it enough, 2:50:47.560 --> 2:50:51.960 either because their arguments or they're a defense. And what 2:50:52.000 --> 2:50:55.160 they tried to share on the opposite side of me 2:50:55.320 --> 2:50:58.000 going out there and supporting just felt like it was 2:51:02.800 --> 2:51:05.280 just something to say, you know, and like what they 2:51:05.400 --> 2:51:09.280 what they hear from the general media out there, and 2:51:09.520 --> 2:51:13.080 they also don't really they can't quite grasp it, so 2:51:13.080 --> 2:51:15.160 they're just kind of throwing something out there, I guess, 2:51:15.240 --> 2:51:16.720 is what what it felt like. 2:51:17.440 --> 2:51:20.400 Kaber also ran into some less in charitable San Diegans, 2:51:20.440 --> 2:51:21.720 this time down in Santasiedra. 2:51:22.480 --> 2:51:25.920 Yeah, so I guess the first part is why they 2:51:26.000 --> 2:51:28.959 might have how they might have found us there, which 2:51:29.000 --> 2:51:34.560 is there's a local news organization in San Diego which 2:51:34.959 --> 2:51:38.400 is kind of a I would describe as a local 2:51:38.520 --> 2:51:41.080 equivalent of something like one American News, which is really 2:51:41.120 --> 2:51:46.360 unfortunate because we already have American News here, but they 2:51:46.440 --> 2:51:52.040 are pretty well known for kind of a lot of 2:51:52.160 --> 2:51:57.800 like misinformation, kind of scared wandering about and has people 2:51:58.440 --> 2:52:02.600 immigrants scenes and all that sort of sort of thing, 2:52:02.640 --> 2:52:04.600 but with kind of a local news sort of aesthetic 2:52:04.680 --> 2:52:07.200 to it, and they were, as far as I could tell, 2:52:07.280 --> 2:52:09.920 they were really the only identify the media that were 2:52:09.959 --> 2:52:13.320 there throughout the day. I read articles eventually made me 2:52:13.440 --> 2:52:18.320 realize there were other reporters there, but they were identifying 2:52:18.320 --> 2:52:21.280 themselves the way that has I was. But they sign 2:52:21.480 --> 2:52:24.960 was one cameraman just shooting b rule, I guess, and 2:52:25.000 --> 2:52:26.760 he was walking to all the different parts of the 2:52:26.800 --> 2:52:29.600 wall and like all the different sort of stations for 2:52:29.720 --> 2:52:32.600 aid and like trying to really trying to get as 2:52:32.640 --> 2:52:35.680 many faces as possible. You could kind of tell that 2:52:35.680 --> 2:52:39.280 that's like what he was doing. Everyone who I was 2:52:39.320 --> 2:52:41.520 around I was. I was kind of you know, oriented 2:52:41.560 --> 2:52:44.440 mostly with kind of like sort of like anapist mutual 2:52:44.480 --> 2:52:47.880 aid people. And and you know, when they saw the 2:52:47.920 --> 2:52:49.800 Kaside truck, they were like, okay, I'm wanted to their 2:52:49.840 --> 2:52:53.199 mask on, you know. And I'm still in in ninety 2:52:53.240 --> 2:52:55.519 five with me, so I'm more of that. And I 2:52:55.520 --> 2:52:58.880 I had a you know, slightly identifying logo on my 2:52:59.240 --> 2:53:03.440 sweatshirt which I take over so that you know, that 2:53:03.760 --> 2:53:05.800 image wouldn't show up. 2:53:06.280 --> 2:53:08.959 Now k us I have drifted further and further right 2:53:09.000 --> 2:53:13.520 since twenty twenty along with their relatively miniscule viewership. These days, 2:53:13.520 --> 2:53:16.000 they engage in fake news culture war stuff, like repeating 2:53:16.040 --> 2:53:19.000 the recent false accusations that Target was making tuckable swimming 2:53:19.040 --> 2:53:22.400 costumes for kids, or labeling everyone in the asylum process 2:53:22.440 --> 2:53:26.520 illegal immigrants. It's sadly pretty standard for writing news organizations now. 2:53:27.280 --> 2:53:29.080 Kaba thinks that some of the people who saw footage 2:53:29.120 --> 2:53:31.600 on k Usi, or perhaps found the location posted on 2:53:31.760 --> 2:53:35.080 Ogden's blog, came down to the border. 2:53:34.480 --> 2:53:38.240 That's where that's the one started to see people you know, 2:53:39.680 --> 2:53:43.920 kind of went buy and we could tell that they 2:53:43.959 --> 2:53:46.720 weren't advantage because like when people who like playing people 2:53:46.720 --> 2:53:49.000 who weren't even necessarily volteer, which are on buy and 2:53:49.000 --> 2:53:50.600 so like, hey, I just went watching man I brought 2:53:50.600 --> 2:53:52.680 a pitch of manner and they bring up a matter 2:53:52.760 --> 2:53:55.040 and then they drive away. But the people who are 2:53:55.040 --> 2:53:57.160 doing who are like here where I think you know, 2:53:57.200 --> 2:54:00.120 kind of some kind of intimidation where you know, the 2:54:00.200 --> 2:54:03.240 approach directly they would just kind of get out of 2:54:03.280 --> 2:54:08.480 their exceptionally large entivies and and just kind of just 2:54:08.560 --> 2:54:11.200 kind of watch and they would kind of, you know, 2:54:11.240 --> 2:54:13.440 get a little bit closer at a time and then 2:54:13.520 --> 2:54:16.760 you know, a little bit closer and kind of whispered 2:54:16.840 --> 2:54:19.080 to each other and you know, point at things, and 2:54:19.200 --> 2:54:21.000 you know, it's just kind of they were just watching, 2:54:21.680 --> 2:54:23.440 and you know, they got close enough that I could 2:54:23.480 --> 2:54:27.199 read their shirts, and and the shirts had a slogan 2:54:27.280 --> 2:54:31.920 that's associated with a Christian nationalism slogan, so as this 2:54:31.959 --> 2:54:34.040 whole family is kind of kind of sad that the 2:54:34.120 --> 2:54:40.520 kids wore wearing shirts too, and and so I kind of, yeah, 2:54:40.520 --> 2:54:42.120 I figured out that that's what was going on. And 2:54:42.160 --> 2:54:44.280 I never talked to them. I didn't approach them, but 2:54:44.400 --> 2:54:47.840 I stood when I was something to get closer closer, 2:54:47.840 --> 2:54:50.480 I kind of positioned myself in between the rest of 2:54:50.520 --> 2:54:55.040 volunteers and and this group and and just kind of, 2:54:55.800 --> 2:54:58.640 you know, didn't really stare at them, just kind of 2:54:59.000 --> 2:55:01.720 looked at them and just made it clear with my 2:55:01.720 --> 2:55:04.760 body language that I, like I knew what they were doing, 2:55:04.800 --> 2:55:06.440 Like they weren't you know, they weren't doing any kind 2:55:06.440 --> 2:55:09.160 of secret agent thing or whatever, Like they were being 2:55:09.240 --> 2:55:12.400 really really obvious. And I would just you know, stood 2:55:12.680 --> 2:55:15.160 and position myself in a way that indicated that you know, 2:55:15.200 --> 2:55:16.560 I know what you're doing, and you're not going to 2:55:16.600 --> 2:55:19.680 get close. You're not going to interfere with you know 2:55:19.760 --> 2:55:21.440 what we're doing here. You're not going to contact any 2:55:21.520 --> 2:55:24.040 wine or you thrill anyone or like what everyone do. 2:55:25.440 --> 2:55:28.840 And eventually one of the people who is either volunteer 2:55:29.000 --> 2:55:30.760 or work for like one of the m gas contestently 2:55:30.800 --> 2:55:33.440 tell there was something going on. So she went over 2:55:33.720 --> 2:55:36.160 and had a conversation with them that I couldn't hear, 2:55:36.520 --> 2:55:40.320 and eventually they decided to leave. And I think she 2:55:40.480 --> 2:55:42.440 was just kind of trying to be diplomatic, but just 2:55:42.480 --> 2:55:44.520 sort of like ask them if they wanted to help, 2:55:44.560 --> 2:55:48.000 and if they don't want to help, and you know, 2:55:47.840 --> 2:55:53.160 you go be somewhere else, I suppose. And and it was, 2:55:54.320 --> 2:55:58.080 I mean, the sort of one amusing part, if you 2:55:58.200 --> 2:56:01.279 call it, that was that they apparently in the complaint 2:56:01.320 --> 2:56:05.520 to this person about me, because they said that I 2:56:05.520 --> 2:56:09.080 had been watching them and I was I'm traditionally profiling 2:56:09.120 --> 2:56:14.320 them because they were white, and I realized that this interview, 2:56:14.360 --> 2:56:17.480 but just for the listeners, I am very very white myself. 2:56:18.120 --> 2:56:21.040 I think it's important when we discuss volunteering to honor 2:56:21.080 --> 2:56:24.600 how hard this kind of experience can be on people. Obviously, 2:56:24.680 --> 2:56:27.280 the trauma associated with seeing people brutalized by the state 2:56:27.280 --> 2:56:29.440 and capital. It's not the same as being brutalized by 2:56:29.440 --> 2:56:32.560 state and capital yourself, but that doesn't mean it's easy. 2:56:33.600 --> 2:56:35.880 I asked Natalie to reflect a little on children's toys 2:56:35.879 --> 2:56:37.640 we found in the shelter when we were cleaning up 2:56:37.680 --> 2:56:38.800 the camp, like. 2:56:38.720 --> 2:56:40.840 As a mom, like I have my own children, and 2:56:40.879 --> 2:56:43.600 it just really its emotional. 2:56:43.760 --> 2:56:45.039 It's like it's just. 2:56:46.560 --> 2:56:49.560 Like I'm like, who's who, Like childhood is playing with this, 2:56:50.280 --> 2:56:53.640 you know here in this space, and you know that 2:56:53.720 --> 2:56:57.600 no child should be ever in, you know, an encampment 2:56:57.680 --> 2:57:01.400 like that or it just no one should be living outside, 2:57:01.600 --> 2:57:04.080 no one should be doing that. But also it's like 2:57:04.200 --> 2:57:06.720 kind of like the humanity in a way like that, 2:57:07.240 --> 2:57:10.520 you know, even a child's going to play wherever child's 2:57:10.560 --> 2:57:13.600 going to play, and like that little toy of little 2:57:14.360 --> 2:57:17.760 hopefully it brought that kid some joy in that moment, 2:57:17.879 --> 2:57:19.880 you know, if it was there a little piece of 2:57:20.000 --> 2:57:23.480 home or someone gave it to him or what, you know, 2:57:24.760 --> 2:57:27.840 it was Yeah, the reality, it was like it was 2:57:27.879 --> 2:57:29.920 like a person, you know, like a little artifact of 2:57:29.920 --> 2:57:32.320 someone who was actually there, you know, like it was 2:57:32.320 --> 2:57:34.480 a little more tangible than you know. 2:57:34.480 --> 2:57:34.879 A sock. 2:57:35.200 --> 2:57:37.240 You know, that's not that's not I'm not think you 2:57:37.280 --> 2:57:40.400 know who wore that sock. But think of who who 2:57:40.480 --> 2:57:41.520 was playing with that toy? 2:57:41.720 --> 2:57:41.920 You know? 2:57:42.120 --> 2:57:44.119 Was it a little boy, a little girl? Hold were 2:57:44.200 --> 2:57:46.840 they did they bring up home? Are they missing it? 2:57:47.600 --> 2:57:49.320 When they When I saw they have that, she needed 2:57:49.320 --> 2:57:51.920 people to clean up, it was like, Okay, I took 2:57:51.959 --> 2:57:55.840 a day off of work and went out there and 2:57:56.959 --> 2:58:01.040 just felt overwhelming almost, I mean, and just one day 2:58:01.040 --> 2:58:04.959 of me working out there was really emotional. I can't 2:58:05.240 --> 2:58:07.120 imagine how you know, Melissa and all the people that 2:58:07.120 --> 2:58:09.040 were on the ground just dealing with it. I know 2:58:09.280 --> 2:58:13.160 they're just struggling a little bit and just processing it 2:58:13.240 --> 2:58:17.800 all has been really hard, you know, really hard. It's 2:58:17.840 --> 2:58:21.720 just just just how how privileged we are. You know, 2:58:21.800 --> 2:58:23.920 like no one leaves their country because they want to. 2:58:24.400 --> 2:58:27.760 They leave because they have to, but they feel like 2:58:27.800 --> 2:58:32.600 they have to. And you know, it's I mean, it's 2:58:33.400 --> 2:58:36.600 respecting and honoring and understanding the privilege that you're in 2:58:36.800 --> 2:58:42.039 and not taking it for granted because it's very easy. 2:58:41.720 --> 2:58:45.520 To both Katie Marisias said they don't really identify as 2:58:45.560 --> 2:58:47.760 political and that they wanted to be there as people. 2:58:48.520 --> 2:58:52.720 Sometimes often politics can become a complicated game of numbers 2:58:52.720 --> 2:58:55.160 and statistics, but it's important to remember that what this 2:58:55.320 --> 2:58:57.640 is really about is organizing in such a way that 2:58:57.680 --> 2:58:59.800 we can take care of one another, and that the 2:58:59.800 --> 2:59:02.400 most important politics of war is the politics of feeding 2:59:02.440 --> 2:59:04.960 how many people and maybe bringing a sad child of 2:59:05.000 --> 2:59:09.359 stuffed animal's Katie talking about the community response. 2:59:10.240 --> 2:59:14.280 I think I'm a really compassionate person, and I'm not 2:59:14.640 --> 2:59:18.680 very political in the sense that, like, I don't really participate. 2:59:21.440 --> 2:59:27.280 My life in my community's life is solution oriented. So 2:59:29.640 --> 2:59:34.680 I saw like that on a large scale, the like 2:59:34.840 --> 2:59:41.520 when people come together, we create solutions when and you 2:59:41.600 --> 2:59:46.680 don't wait for someone like the government to show up 2:59:46.720 --> 2:59:52.879 and fix it, because then people will die. Yeah, you know, 2:59:53.360 --> 2:59:58.000 I mean that's the reality is if that community didn't activate, 2:59:58.480 --> 3:00:00.320 there would have been a lot of dead people in 3:00:00.320 --> 3:00:00.840 the desert. 3:00:01.800 --> 3:00:03.920 Katie shared with me that she's been having a difficult time, 3:00:04.400 --> 3:00:06.760 feeling guilty for not having the language skills to do 3:00:06.840 --> 3:00:09.320 more and questing her own worthiness to be their helping 3:00:10.120 --> 3:00:12.520 But in the end, she said she felt that what 3:00:12.560 --> 3:00:15.760 she'd done was right and important. I'll leave you with 3:00:15.800 --> 3:00:18.240 her thoughts and tomorrow I'll be back to talk about 3:00:18.280 --> 3:00:20.320 the people who put everyone in this situation in the 3:00:20.360 --> 3:00:23.480 first place, the Department of Homeland Security. 3:00:24.800 --> 3:00:28.800 I think an important thing is like so many times 3:00:29.760 --> 3:00:33.400 we hear about things and we say, isn't that awful, 3:00:33.560 --> 3:00:37.560 and we kind of shut down because we don't feel 3:00:38.560 --> 3:00:44.960 empowered or we don't know how to help. And literally, 3:00:45.160 --> 3:00:52.680 a smile makes a difference. A feeling of like I 3:00:52.800 --> 3:00:56.800 see you and you belong on this planet makes a difference. 3:00:57.680 --> 3:01:04.519 And you know, little kids packing up canned goods and 3:01:04.760 --> 3:01:09.359 fruit snacks for other little kids. They didn't see those kids, 3:01:09.400 --> 3:01:12.640 but when the adult said they're gonna be so happy 3:01:12.760 --> 3:01:16.960 to get that package, they felt like they made a difference. 3:01:17.600 --> 3:01:20.680 And those little girls are gonna grow up and not 3:01:20.840 --> 3:01:25.120 be afraid to step up and make a difference. I 3:01:25.160 --> 3:01:28.039 think a lot of people think like they can't do enough, 3:01:28.280 --> 3:01:31.840 so they don't do anything. And if we all just 3:01:32.040 --> 3:01:37.959 do a little bit or what you can, then I 3:01:38.000 --> 3:01:43.880 think we would see a very large impact. Kumba is 3:01:43.920 --> 3:01:47.920 a town of five hundred and they just fed thousands, 3:01:49.760 --> 3:01:58.480 house thousands, clothed, thousands, hugged and welcomed thousands of human beings. 3:01:59.800 --> 3:02:03.360 And those people in that town don't have much excess, 3:02:04.520 --> 3:02:11.840 and they made a difference. And I was proud to 3:02:11.879 --> 3:02:15.440 be a part of that community in a way that 3:02:16.680 --> 3:02:19.720 I'm on the fringe of it, and it made me 3:02:19.760 --> 3:02:23.680 want to be even more a part of it. My 3:02:23.800 --> 3:02:30.920 feelings and intuition about that town were confirmed by watching 3:02:31.760 --> 3:02:37.560 the simplest action make an incredible impact on real lives 3:02:38.400 --> 3:02:48.560 and real people, and that this isn't demographics. It's real 3:02:49.440 --> 3:02:55.119 bodies that have beating hearts and breathe and we all 3:02:55.160 --> 3:02:59.960 share the same air in the same water, and we're 3:03:00.080 --> 3:03:04.760 all connected. And when you make one little drip in 3:03:04.840 --> 3:03:09.320 the bucket, it actually does make a difference. And I 3:03:09.360 --> 3:03:13.000 think that stops us sometimes when we think what we 3:03:13.200 --> 3:03:18.120 have isn't enough to give, but when someone has nothing, 3:03:18.800 --> 3:03:31.720 what you have is more than what they can imagine. 3:03:33.400 --> 3:03:36.039 The history of the border and its enforcement begins in 3:03:36.120 --> 3:03:38.600 fourteen ninety two with the colonization of what will become 3:03:38.640 --> 3:03:41.640 known as the Americas. It goes through the eighteen forty 3:03:41.680 --> 3:03:44.959 two Mexican American War and a sou indigenous people's lands 3:03:45.000 --> 3:03:47.200 without their knowledge or consent in the eighteen fifty three 3:03:47.240 --> 3:03:50.400 Gasden purchase, and of course through the eighteen eighty two 3:03:50.480 --> 3:03:53.760 Chinese Exclusion Act and numerous other explicit attempts to prevent 3:03:53.879 --> 3:03:57.039 non white people from moving to the USA. From there, 3:03:57.200 --> 3:03:59.760 it weaves its way through the Mexican Revolution and the 3:03:59.800 --> 3:04:02.480 firm World Wars German proposal to ally with Mexico to 3:04:02.520 --> 3:04:05.800 reclaim those territories it had lost in the decades before then. 3:04:06.040 --> 3:04:09.760 The Border Patrol story itself begins in May nineteen twenty four, 3:04:10.320 --> 3:04:12.520 and in the ninety nine years since it has encompassed 3:04:12.560 --> 3:04:14.840 everything from David Duke to nine to eleven in its 3:04:14.920 --> 3:04:18.480 journey to becoming the biggest and least accountable law enforcement 3:04:18.560 --> 3:04:22.080 agency in the federal government. People from the colonial periphery 3:04:22.160 --> 3:04:25.040 have always migrated to the metropol. It's why a man 3:04:25.040 --> 3:04:27.400 called fat Led singing a song about Vindulu is basically 3:04:27.400 --> 3:04:30.400 in my country's second national anthem, and why every four 3:04:30.440 --> 3:04:33.039 years France accepts black Frenchmen onto its football team before 3:04:33.040 --> 3:04:35.320 it returns to vilifying them in other forms of discourse. 3:04:36.320 --> 3:04:39.480 Migration to the United States is no different. Climate change 3:04:39.480 --> 3:04:42.440 in US imperialism have destabilized and impoverished nations from the 3:04:42.480 --> 3:04:46.119 Americas to Afghanistan, and driven people to the US border 3:04:46.160 --> 3:04:49.400 looking for a better life. What's distinct about the US 3:04:49.520 --> 3:04:51.840 is how obsessed it has become with keeping these people 3:04:51.879 --> 3:04:55.119 out and enforcing the longest land borders in the world. 3:04:55.720 --> 3:04:57.480 But the US border is much bigger than the land 3:04:57.480 --> 3:05:00.480 boundary between the USA and Mexico to the south, Canada 3:05:00.520 --> 3:05:02.480 to the north. If you're listening to this in the 3:05:02.560 --> 3:05:04.800 United States, the chances are that you live in the 3:05:04.800 --> 3:05:08.920 Border Enforcement Zone. This swath of territory outside the Constitution 3:05:09.320 --> 3:05:12.080 has been established since the Immigration and Nationality Act of 3:05:12.160 --> 3:05:15.680 nineteen fifty two. Established at a reasonable distance of the 3:05:15.720 --> 3:05:19.440 border would extend one hundred air miles around the outline 3:05:19.480 --> 3:05:22.800 of the country. Two thirds of the US's population live 3:05:22.840 --> 3:05:27.080 within this zone. Washington, d C. San Francisco, Chicago, New Orleans, 3:05:27.080 --> 3:05:29.760 and Boston are all within it, and that means that 3:05:29.840 --> 3:05:32.560 cbpagents can search vehicles and vessels to look for property 3:05:32.560 --> 3:05:35.039 that's in the country without the right documents. They can 3:05:35.040 --> 3:05:38.279 board public transportation or set up interior checkpoints and stop, 3:05:38.560 --> 3:05:41.720 interrogate and search citizens and non citizens without the need 3:05:41.760 --> 3:05:44.800 for a warrant. Within twenty five miles of the border, 3:05:44.840 --> 3:05:47.160 they can enter your property provide it's not a domicile. 3:05:47.640 --> 3:05:50.480 The Fourth Amendment, part of a foundational bill of rights. 3:05:50.480 --> 3:05:52.640 At US likes to tout that's what makes it different 3:05:52.640 --> 3:05:55.160 from the rest of the world. Doesn't apply when you're 3:05:55.160 --> 3:05:58.400 near the border. An all encompassing history of the border 3:05:58.400 --> 3:06:01.440 and its enforcement is beyond the skill this podcast. Even 3:06:01.480 --> 3:06:03.320 a history of the Southwest border could take up a 3:06:03.320 --> 3:06:05.960 whole bookshelf, but we will try and skim the high 3:06:05.959 --> 3:06:09.360 points here. Let's start with a Gadsden purchase, when a 3:06:09.400 --> 3:06:12.120 party of military surveyors first bumped into the Horn Autum 3:06:12.440 --> 3:06:15.560 elders as they attempted to draw a line dividing to 3:06:15.640 --> 3:06:19.640 Horn Autumn people from to Horn Autumn people. The southern 3:06:19.640 --> 3:06:21.560 border is no more obvious today than it was then, 3:06:22.040 --> 3:06:24.199 and of course, to the Autumn it was and remains 3:06:24.200 --> 3:06:26.720 an aberration that divides them from much of their ancestral 3:06:26.760 --> 3:06:30.960 and current homelands. It has over the years seen violent 3:06:31.040 --> 3:06:34.200 enforcement on members of the nation and a growing encroachment 3:06:34.200 --> 3:06:37.080 of the border patrol into today's to Horn Autumn Reservation, 3:06:37.600 --> 3:06:40.720 which is the second largest in the USA, only represents 3:06:40.800 --> 3:06:44.840 a fraction of the tribe's historical homeland. These surveyors were 3:06:44.840 --> 3:06:47.120 in the process of finalizing most of the California and 3:06:47.160 --> 3:06:49.960 Arizona border, a border I drove most of in the 3:06:50.040 --> 3:06:53.240 days after Title forty two. The southern border as it 3:06:53.240 --> 3:06:56.400 looks now was largely shaped by the Treaty of Guadalupihidalgo, 3:06:57.000 --> 3:07:00.000 which Mexico lost fifty five percent of its territory include 3:07:00.240 --> 3:07:03.240 all of what is today California, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, 3:07:03.240 --> 3:07:07.160 and Nevada, and parts of what is today Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, 3:07:07.200 --> 3:07:10.959 and Oklahoma. The Gaston Purchase of eighteen fifty three added 3:07:10.959 --> 3:07:14.560 more of southern Arizona. In New Mexico, the specific border 3:07:14.560 --> 3:07:17.119 in Santa Cidro withdrawn so that San Diego Bay would 3:07:17.120 --> 3:07:19.480 fall to the north of the line. The border in a 3:07:19.560 --> 3:07:22.720 cumba seems more arbitrary, a straight line in the desert 3:07:22.720 --> 3:07:26.039 that runs into a pile of rocks. Of course, long 3:07:26.080 --> 3:07:28.760 before the border divided San Asidra from Tijuana, this was 3:07:28.800 --> 3:07:32.080 Cumia Land, and despite the border, it still is. The 3:07:32.160 --> 3:07:35.600 name Tijuana derives from Tijuan, which means by the sea 3:07:35.640 --> 3:07:40.039 in Cumiai. Despite this, the Cumii and many other indigenous 3:07:40.040 --> 3:07:42.640 peoples were ignored when the border crossed them, and it's 3:07:42.680 --> 3:07:45.879 becoming harder and harder for them to cross it. In 3:07:45.959 --> 3:07:47.960 parts of desert, it can be pretty hard to see 3:07:47.959 --> 3:07:51.040 the border at all. In twenty twenty, while out with 3:07:51.080 --> 3:07:53.120 a group of Cumi people who are in ceremony to 3:07:53.160 --> 3:07:56.240 honor their ancestors whose burial sites have been and continue 3:07:56.280 --> 3:07:59.240 to be desecrated by border walk construction, it had to 3:07:59.280 --> 3:08:01.720 be worried of steppe over it to better frame my shots. 3:08:02.320 --> 3:08:05.280 The emerging Declaration Donald Trump made allowed war construction to 3:08:05.280 --> 3:08:08.800 sidestep legislation in place to protect archaeological and sacred sites, 3:08:09.360 --> 3:08:11.480 but it didn't allow me to sidestep into Mexico to 3:08:11.480 --> 3:08:15.840 get a better shot. Luckily, Bortac, a team of armed 3:08:15.920 --> 3:08:18.120 Border patrol agents who you might remember from Portland in 3:08:18.160 --> 3:08:20.680 twenty twenty, provided a guy ad dressed like he was 3:08:20.680 --> 3:08:23.119 in the Battle of Falluja to help me. I would 3:08:23.120 --> 3:08:24.560 say the border is a line in the sand, but 3:08:24.879 --> 3:08:26.879 at the time there wasn't a line that was visible 3:08:26.920 --> 3:08:29.600 at all in Valley the Moon, a few miles east 3:08:29.600 --> 3:08:32.040 to where that Bortec patrol guide shouted at people stepping 3:08:32.040 --> 3:08:34.840 too close in twenty twenty. The border wall is about 3:08:34.879 --> 3:08:38.040 waist high, rusty, and essentially comprised of a single strand 3:08:38.080 --> 3:08:42.280 of barbed wire in Hoocumber, the thirty foot trump wall 3:08:42.320 --> 3:08:44.800 pushes right up to a boulder pile and then stops 3:08:45.680 --> 3:08:47.760 the logic as much as there can be any logic, 3:08:47.800 --> 3:08:50.160 and spending twenty five million dollars a mile to desecrate 3:08:50.200 --> 3:08:53.360 sacred spaces and defile the landscape is that people will 3:08:53.400 --> 3:08:56.200 be deterred from crossing by the harsh landscape brutally hot 3:08:56.280 --> 3:09:00.520 days and brutally cold nights. This logic, of course, fails 3:09:00.520 --> 3:09:04.160 to consider not just where people are going, why they're leaving, 3:09:04.200 --> 3:09:07.760 the places they've come from. Risking one's life crossing the 3:09:07.760 --> 3:09:11.200 border makes sense only when one considers the danger that 3:09:11.240 --> 3:09:13.560 many people in places around the world face every day. 3:09:14.360 --> 3:09:17.560 It hasn't always been this way. Fear reference here in 3:09:17.720 --> 3:09:21.320 Reagan and Bush talking about migration in nineteen eighty, heait. 3:09:21.200 --> 3:09:23.520 I'm going to ask you what you would do about Cuba. 3:09:23.560 --> 3:09:25.000 But now we're going to call you. 3:09:25.800 --> 3:09:28.000 Now we're going to have some questions from the audience. 3:09:29.480 --> 3:09:31.520 Yes, my name is David Grosberg, and I'd like to 3:09:31.560 --> 3:09:33.920 know do you think that children of illegal aliens should 3:09:33.920 --> 3:09:34.599 be allowed. 3:09:34.280 --> 3:09:37.119 To attend Texas Public schools free or do you think 3:09:37.160 --> 3:09:38.920 that their parents should pay for their education? 3:09:40.760 --> 3:09:41.680 Who are you addressing that? 3:09:41.920 --> 3:09:42.920 I think you're first in this. 3:09:43.280 --> 3:09:45.160 He was looking right at you. I said that he 3:09:45.360 --> 3:09:48.080 was what I'd. 3:09:47.879 --> 3:09:50.840 Like to see something done about the illegal alien problem. 3:09:50.840 --> 3:09:54.320 That would be so sensitive and so understanding about labor 3:09:54.400 --> 3:09:56.720 needs and human needs that that. 3:09:56.760 --> 3:09:57.879 Problem wouldn't come up. 3:09:58.160 --> 3:09:59.039 But today, if. 3:09:58.959 --> 3:10:01.840 Those people are here, I would. 3:10:01.520 --> 3:10:04.800 Reluctantly say I think they would. They would get whatever 3:10:04.840 --> 3:10:07.800 it is that they're you know, what the society. 3:10:07.360 --> 3:10:09.359 Is giving to their neighbors. 3:10:09.640 --> 3:10:12.200 But it has the problem has to be solved. The 3:10:12.320 --> 3:10:16.440 problem has to be solved because as we have kind 3:10:16.440 --> 3:10:19.680 of made illegal some kinds of labor that I'd like 3:10:19.760 --> 3:10:22.640 to see legal, we're doing two things. We're creating a 3:10:22.640 --> 3:10:27.440 whole society of really honorable, decent, family loving people that 3:10:27.520 --> 3:10:30.480 are in violation of the law. And secondly, we're exacerbating 3:10:30.520 --> 3:10:31.600 relations with Mexico. 3:10:31.959 --> 3:10:32.480 The change. 3:10:32.520 --> 3:10:35.960 The answer to your question is much more fundamental than 3:10:36.000 --> 3:10:39.000 whether they attend Houston schools. It seems to me, I 3:10:39.000 --> 3:10:40.760 don't want to see a whole if they're living here, 3:10:40.840 --> 3:10:42.880 I don't want to see a whole. I think a 3:10:43.000 --> 3:10:46.760 six and eight year old kids being made, you know, 3:10:46.959 --> 3:10:50.520 one totally uneducated and made to feel that they're living 3:10:50.520 --> 3:10:53.720 with outside the law. Let's address ourselves to the fundamentals. 3:10:53.760 --> 3:10:56.000 These are good people, strong people. 3:10:56.200 --> 3:10:57.880 Part of my family is in Mexican. 3:10:58.400 --> 3:11:03.560 Then I added that I think the time has come 3:11:04.160 --> 3:11:07.080 that the United States and our neighbors, particularly our neighbor 3:11:07.080 --> 3:11:09.480 to the south, should have a better understanding and a 3:11:09.480 --> 3:11:12.200 better relationship than we've ever had. And I think but 3:11:12.320 --> 3:11:15.640 we haven't been sensitive enough to our size and our power. 3:11:16.080 --> 3:11:18.640 They have a problem of forty to fifty percent unemployment. 3:11:19.360 --> 3:11:24.600 Now this cannot continue without the possibility arising with regard 3:11:24.640 --> 3:11:27.039 to that other country that we talked about of Cuba 3:11:27.080 --> 3:11:30.080 and what it is stirring up of the possibility of 3:11:30.160 --> 3:11:32.280 trouble below the border, and we could have a very 3:11:32.320 --> 3:11:36.040 hostile and strange neighbor on our border. Rather than making 3:11:36.080 --> 3:11:39.480 them or talking about putting up a fence, why don't 3:11:39.480 --> 3:11:43.119 we work out some recognition of our mutual problems. Make 3:11:43.160 --> 3:11:45.200 it possible for them to come here legally with the 3:11:45.240 --> 3:11:48.360 work permit, and then while they're working and earning here, 3:11:48.520 --> 3:11:50.959 they pay taxes here, and when they go on to 3:11:50.959 --> 3:11:52.560 go back, they can go back and they can cross 3:11:52.600 --> 3:11:56.760 and open the border both ways by understanding their problem. 3:11:57.160 --> 3:11:59.640 The modern era of border enforcement began. As far as 3:11:59.640 --> 3:12:02.920 we can point a single date was Silvestre Reyes, that 3:12:03.080 --> 3:12:06.759 then sector chief of the Border Patrol in McAllen, Texas, 3:12:07.320 --> 3:12:11.200 and his operation Hold the Line. The community around McAllen 3:12:11.240 --> 3:12:13.959 had got tired of border patrol snooping around businesses and 3:12:14.040 --> 3:12:18.000 even schools in a Rio Grand valley, and instead Rayes 3:12:18.040 --> 3:12:20.840 deployed his agents forward in a sort of human fence 3:12:20.879 --> 3:12:24.280 along the Rio Grand. Rayes would later become the chief 3:12:24.320 --> 3:12:27.160 of the El Paso sector and a Democratic Congressman. He 3:12:27.200 --> 3:12:29.199 lost his seat to be to A. Rourke in twenty thirteen, 3:12:29.959 --> 3:12:33.160 but this strategy would long outlive his career with border patrol. 3:12:33.879 --> 3:12:37.960 The following year, on September seventeenth, nineteen ninety four, US 3:12:38.080 --> 3:12:42.240 Attorney General Janet Reno announced the start of Operation Gatekeeper. 3:12:43.200 --> 3:12:45.400 The first phase of the operation focus on the first 3:12:45.440 --> 3:12:48.360 five miles of the western border, including the place where 3:12:48.360 --> 3:12:50.920 I recorded all those interviews you heard earlier this week. 3:12:52.000 --> 3:12:53.800 According to a piece written a quarter of a century 3:12:53.879 --> 3:12:56.400 later in the La Times, the strategy was to deter 3:12:56.600 --> 3:12:59.800 migrants from illegally crossing in the first place, and for 3:12:59.840 --> 3:13:03.000 the who remained undeterred to encourage them to cross in 3:13:03.080 --> 3:13:05.720 more isolated wilderness areas to the east where they could 3:13:05.760 --> 3:13:09.680 be more easily captured. There were already fences in nineteen 3:13:09.720 --> 3:13:12.800 ninety four, first a chain link fence and then one 3:13:12.840 --> 3:13:15.520 made of helicopter landing mats left over from Vietnam that 3:13:15.600 --> 3:13:19.080 had horizontal struts that closely resembled and were used as 3:13:19.200 --> 3:13:23.840 a ladder. Anti migrant rhetoric was already there too. California 3:13:23.840 --> 3:13:26.720 Governor Pete Wilson became an outspoken advocate for Prop One 3:13:26.760 --> 3:13:29.360 to eighty seven, a ballot measure that cut off state 3:13:29.400 --> 3:13:33.360 services like health care and education to undocumented people. Here's 3:13:33.360 --> 3:13:34.920 a clip of Wilson's reelection ad. 3:13:35.360 --> 3:13:39.440 They keep coming two million illegal immigrants in California. The 3:13:39.520 --> 3:13:42.640 federal government won't stop them at the border, yet requires 3:13:42.720 --> 3:13:45.840 us to pay billions to take care of them. Governor 3:13:45.879 --> 3:13:49.000 Pete Wilson sent the National Guard to help the border patrol. 3:13:49.360 --> 3:13:50.280 But that's not all. 3:13:50.400 --> 3:13:53.960 For Californians who work hard, pay taxes, and obey the laws, 3:13:54.240 --> 3:13:56.840 I'm suing to force the federal government to control the 3:13:56.840 --> 3:13:59.920 border and are working to deny state services to illeg 3:14:01.240 --> 3:14:04.119 Enough is enough, Governor Pete Wilson. 3:14:04.560 --> 3:14:07.560 Under the operation, a much higher number of agents were 3:14:07.560 --> 3:14:11.520 deployed to the border. Apprehensions increased, and with them, so 3:14:11.600 --> 3:14:15.280 did funding for border enforcement. It was around this time 3:14:15.360 --> 3:14:18.200 that the narrative around the border began to change. It 3:14:18.240 --> 3:14:20.760 was also around this time, a few months earlier in fact, 3:14:20.879 --> 3:14:23.960 that the US, Mexico and Canada entered into the North 3:14:24.000 --> 3:14:27.040 American Free Trade Agreement, which made it easier than ever 3:14:27.080 --> 3:14:29.640 for capital to move across the border and take advantage 3:14:29.680 --> 3:14:32.560 of lower wages in Mexico. To learn a little bit 3:14:32.560 --> 3:14:35.000 more about Operation Gatekeeper, I spoke to one of the 3:14:35.000 --> 3:14:36.840 agents who was tasked with executing it. 3:14:38.040 --> 3:14:40.320 My name is Jen Budd and I'm a former senior 3:14:40.400 --> 3:14:44.000 Patrol agent with the United States Boarder Patrol. I was 3:14:44.040 --> 3:14:48.560 a senior intelligence agent as well at San Diego Sector Headquarters. 3:14:48.959 --> 3:14:51.400 Jenner Sin's left the Border Patrol, but she realizes the 3:14:51.400 --> 3:14:54.680 impact of Operation Gatekeeper on migrants was anything but positive. 3:14:55.080 --> 3:14:55.320 Yeah. 3:14:55.440 --> 3:14:58.640 Operation Gatekeeper started in nineteen ninety four, in October of 3:14:58.680 --> 3:15:03.560 nineteen ninety four, and to Campo in November of nineteen 3:15:03.760 --> 3:15:09.120 ninety five, and so right afterwards the fence was just 3:15:09.200 --> 3:15:12.480 getting to Takata. When I got there, so most of 3:15:12.480 --> 3:15:15.119 my class, I think we had I don't know, forty 3:15:15.120 --> 3:15:17.440 people graduate or something. Most of them went down to 3:15:17.680 --> 3:15:20.959 Imperial Beach and they had a wall there, and so 3:15:21.040 --> 3:15:24.240 that was the idea, is to fill the San Diego 3:15:24.320 --> 3:15:26.880 City area with as many agents and weapons and all this, 3:15:27.520 --> 3:15:29.520 and then that would push the traffic for that to 3:15:29.560 --> 3:15:32.440 the mountains, making it more difficult for them to cross, 3:15:32.480 --> 3:15:34.160 and some of them would get injured, and we knew 3:15:34.200 --> 3:15:36.800 some of them would die. So it was intentional. The 3:15:36.879 --> 3:15:41.520 death and the injuries, according to management, would deter future crossings. 3:15:41.560 --> 3:15:43.359 But of course that that's. 3:15:43.120 --> 3:15:43.720 Not the case. 3:15:44.280 --> 3:15:47.920 Alan Bersin, US attorney in San Diego, was named the 3:15:47.959 --> 3:15:50.720 so called Borders Are by President Bill Clinton a few 3:15:50.800 --> 3:15:54.320 years later to implement that same Gatekeeper strategy across the 3:15:54.360 --> 3:15:57.080 rest of the Southwest border. Burst In saw things a 3:15:57.120 --> 3:15:57.760 little differently. 3:15:58.320 --> 3:16:01.680 Neither side claims it, but Gatekeeper was probably the most 3:16:01.680 --> 3:16:05.720 important domestic achievement accomplished in a purely bipartisan manner through 3:16:05.760 --> 3:16:09.840 three administrations, and the greatest accomplishment since President Eisenhower and 3:16:09.879 --> 3:16:12.280 the Democrats put together the state highway system in the 3:16:12.280 --> 3:16:13.839 mid nineteen fifties. 3:16:13.680 --> 3:16:16.800 But in fact, while apprehensions did drop in San Diego, 3:16:16.959 --> 3:16:19.360 they spiked by five hundred and ninety one percent in 3:16:19.400 --> 3:16:22.320 the Tucson sector between nineteen ninety two and two thousand 3:16:22.360 --> 3:16:26.279 and four. The La Times quotes the non partisan Congressional 3:16:26.320 --> 3:16:31.280 Research Service as saying, one unintended consequence of this enforcement 3:16:31.320 --> 3:16:34.120 posture and the shift in migration patterns has been an 3:16:34.160 --> 3:16:37.840 increase in the number of migrant deaths each year. On average, 3:16:37.959 --> 3:16:41.120 two hundred migrants died each year in the early nineteen nineties, 3:16:41.600 --> 3:16:44.039 compared with four hundred and seventy two migrant deaths in 3:16:44.040 --> 3:16:47.360 two thousand and five. Many of those deaths are now 3:16:47.360 --> 3:16:50.880 in a sector that encompasses the Autumn Reservation. The desert 3:16:50.959 --> 3:16:53.800 there is particularly hard to cross, and the enforcement that 3:16:53.840 --> 3:16:57.119 began with Operation Gatekeeper pushes more and more people onto 3:16:57.120 --> 3:17:01.120 the reservation. Dahn Autumn people to travel between the United 3:17:01.120 --> 3:17:04.680 States and Mexico fairly easily a roads without checkpoints, to 3:17:04.760 --> 3:17:07.840 visit family, go to school, visit a doctor, or perform 3:17:07.920 --> 3:17:12.120 their traditional ceremonial practices. But after nine to eleven, the 3:17:12.240 --> 3:17:14.720 United States and its border patrol began a more visible 3:17:14.760 --> 3:17:18.880 and violent occupation of the reservation. It started with a 3:17:18.959 --> 3:17:21.840 vehicle barrier in two thousand and seven, and it continued 3:17:21.879 --> 3:17:26.600 with CBP's quote unquote virtual wall of surveillance technology, cameras 3:17:26.720 --> 3:17:30.600 and drones. The Israeli company Elbit Systems has built fixed 3:17:30.600 --> 3:17:34.080 surveillance towers which they pioneered in the West Bank on 3:17:34.160 --> 3:17:38.840 tribal land with the permission of tribal council. Meanwhile, other 3:17:38.879 --> 3:17:41.520 members of the nation strongly oppose the militarization of their 3:17:41.520 --> 3:17:44.240 homeland in the name of security of whatever homeland the 3:17:44.240 --> 3:17:48.240 Department of Homeland Security is securing. I'll quote hear from 3:17:48.280 --> 3:17:50.400 Todd Miller, whose excellent work on the border has required 3:17:50.480 --> 3:17:54.640 reading for anyone interested in the subject. Amy Juan and 3:17:54.720 --> 3:17:58.480 Nellie Joe David, members of the Horn Autumn, Hermagicum Writs Network. 3:17:58.959 --> 3:18:03.000 Tohrn joined a delegation to the West Bank in October 3:18:03.200 --> 3:18:06.680 twenty seventeen, convened by the Palestinian Organization stopped the war. 3:18:07.600 --> 3:18:10.520 It was a relief, one says, to talk with people 3:18:10.560 --> 3:18:14.400 who understand our fears, who are dealing with militarization and technology. 3:18:16.240 --> 3:18:19.720 In twenty seventeen, the Horn Autumn vice chairman Verlin Jose 3:18:20.200 --> 3:18:22.560 said that a war will be built quote over my 3:18:22.720 --> 3:18:25.959 dead body, and the tribe released a video saying there 3:18:26.000 --> 3:18:29.039 is no Autumn word for war. The sixty two miles 3:18:29.040 --> 3:18:31.680 of the border on their reservation would remain without one, 3:18:31.800 --> 3:18:35.600 they said. By twenty twenty, the Trump administration had fought 3:18:35.640 --> 3:18:37.320 through a wall on much of the border using what 3:18:37.440 --> 3:18:40.240 is known as the Roosevelt Reservation. This is a sixty 3:18:40.240 --> 3:18:42.680 foot wide strip of land that the federal government owns 3:18:42.720 --> 3:18:47.360 along the border in California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Although 3:18:47.440 --> 3:18:50.200 much of the Autumn Nation remains war free and some 3:18:50.280 --> 3:18:52.560 has what's called a vehicle barrier or a Normandy barrier, 3:18:52.959 --> 3:18:55.840 approximately one third of the Roosevelt Reservation is on tribal land. 3:18:56.600 --> 3:18:59.959 Since two thousand and five, realized the Act Environmental Survey 3:19:00.120 --> 3:19:02.760 and laws have been waived for border security, and this 3:19:02.800 --> 3:19:05.320 gave the Tramp administration a way to justify the destruction 3:19:05.400 --> 3:19:08.720 of Artum and Kumi burial grounds, swad or cacti that 3:19:08.800 --> 3:19:12.400 the Autumn Seas relatives, and other sacred sites along the border. 3:19:12.680 --> 3:19:16.040 Despite efforts by tribal members and allies to stop the construction, 3:19:17.400 --> 3:19:20.640 members of the Tahana Autumn Nation have been pepper sprayed beaten, 3:19:21.120 --> 3:19:24.400 tailed and shot by Border patrol. In two thousand and two, 3:19:24.760 --> 3:19:28.000 a Border patrol agent ran over and killed an Artam teenager. 3:19:29.040 --> 3:19:31.600 Last week, the same night I was waiting down by 3:19:31.600 --> 3:19:34.119 the border for the end of Title forty two, border 3:19:34.160 --> 3:19:37.600 patrol agent shot and killed Raymond Mattia, an ardum man 3:19:37.800 --> 3:19:40.440 who had called and asked him for help. He was 3:19:40.480 --> 3:19:43.440 shot thirty eight times just two feet from his front door, 3:19:43.440 --> 3:19:47.480 recording to his family. While mister Mattia's death is still 3:19:47.520 --> 3:19:50.480 being investigated, the Border Patrol has a long tradition of 3:19:50.560 --> 3:19:54.000 literally getting away with murder. This is because they investigate 3:19:54.040 --> 3:19:58.039 themselves using so called critical incident teams. I talked to 3:19:58.120 --> 3:20:00.560 Jen about what those teams do, and so. 3:20:00.680 --> 3:20:03.080 What they would do is they would get there first 3:20:03.080 --> 3:20:05.240 on the scene because we would call them first. We 3:20:05.280 --> 3:20:08.240 wouldn't call anybody else, we'd call them first. And then 3:20:08.320 --> 3:20:10.520 they come, They get rid of the witnesses, they set 3:20:10.560 --> 3:20:12.959 the scene up the way we want to be done, 3:20:13.080 --> 3:20:15.039 and they tell you the narrative that you're going. 3:20:15.040 --> 3:20:15.560 To stick with. 3:20:15.879 --> 3:20:17.760 You talk to your union reps, and it's all this 3:20:17.879 --> 3:20:18.720 giant cover up. 3:20:19.160 --> 3:20:22.119 Here's John call Us Free, a journalist who covered ci 3:20:22.160 --> 3:20:25.360 T cover ups talking to Democracy Now about how these 3:20:25.360 --> 3:20:25.959 teams work. 3:20:26.800 --> 3:20:30.440 Within the actual agency of the US Board Patrol, there 3:20:30.480 --> 3:20:33.960 is an investigated body called SIT, the Critical Incident Team. 3:20:34.560 --> 3:20:38.119 They are tasked with investigating incidents that involve border patrol 3:20:38.160 --> 3:20:40.680 and it can be anything from a car accident to 3:20:40.840 --> 3:20:43.800 in this case, an individual who's killed at the hands 3:20:43.800 --> 3:20:46.760 of the US Border Patrol. In this particular case of 3:20:46.840 --> 3:20:51.640 Anastasio Hernandez Rojas, border Patrol agents deleted video, they collected 3:20:51.680 --> 3:20:54.680 evidence at the scene. They were present in the hospital 3:20:54.680 --> 3:20:58.680 when Anastasio was being treated, They were present at the autopsy. 3:20:59.440 --> 3:21:05.959 They fudge reports, they deleted reports, They coached their own 3:21:06.040 --> 3:21:09.040 agents on what kind of testimony they were to give. 3:21:09.080 --> 3:21:12.520 They were present at every one of the depositions. They 3:21:12.560 --> 3:21:15.160 made sure that they were the victims in this case. 3:21:15.200 --> 3:21:17.039 And when I say that, what I mean is that 3:21:17.120 --> 3:21:21.959 Border Patrol agents SIT team agents make sure that Border 3:21:22.000 --> 3:21:25.760 Patrol agents are looked at as the victims in any 3:21:25.760 --> 3:21:28.240 sort of an incident, meaning that they are allowed then 3:21:28.320 --> 3:21:31.440 to use lethal force if a Border Patrol agent has 3:21:31.560 --> 3:21:33.840 rocks thrown at them or in the case of Anastasio, 3:21:33.920 --> 3:21:37.040 they alleged that Anastasio was violent and that he was 3:21:37.160 --> 3:21:41.200 kicking and punching, and he needed to be subdued. If 3:21:41.200 --> 3:21:43.840 we take a look at the videotape, that's not actually 3:21:43.879 --> 3:21:46.440 what happened. He's handcuffed, he's prone on the ground, his 3:21:46.520 --> 3:21:49.160 face is down, agents are on top of him. But 3:21:49.200 --> 3:21:51.280 if you read the reports in this case that were 3:21:51.280 --> 3:21:54.600 prepared by SIT, Anastasio was a violent man and needed 3:21:54.600 --> 3:21:55.359 to be subdued. 3:21:55.760 --> 3:21:58.560 In twenty twenty one, Border Patrol was ordered to disband 3:21:58.560 --> 3:22:01.760 these teams gentsas they simply moved them somewhere else and 3:22:01.760 --> 3:22:02.760 gave them a different name. 3:22:03.160 --> 3:22:05.840 So then they said that they disbanded them because we 3:22:05.920 --> 3:22:07.640 brought the truth out and how they did all this 3:22:08.200 --> 3:22:11.200 and we proved it. But what they actually did is 3:22:11.240 --> 3:22:13.680 they did a retention. So they had the Border Patrol 3:22:13.680 --> 3:22:17.320 agents resigned from the Border Patrol and move over to 3:22:17.440 --> 3:22:21.039 cbp OPR and we hired them under there. So the 3:22:21.120 --> 3:22:25.760 team that likely went to go investigate the tahonum Otum killing, 3:22:26.480 --> 3:22:32.400 I believe his name is Matia Matia Raymond Matia is 3:22:32.640 --> 3:22:36.879 likely the Border Patrol sit teams. So if the Border 3:22:36.959 --> 3:22:39.280 Patrol agents, a lot of people don't understand it's like 3:22:39.320 --> 3:22:42.840 a cult, you know, they always say you bleed green, 3:22:43.240 --> 3:22:45.200 you know, and you don't go back from green, and 3:22:45.360 --> 3:22:47.920 probably one of the few that ever left, you know, 3:22:48.000 --> 3:22:49.680 and tells the truth about it. 3:22:50.080 --> 3:22:52.760 Of Course, the vast majority of people whose families will 3:22:52.760 --> 3:22:55.879 never find justice because of these cit teams are not white, 3:22:56.440 --> 3:22:58.760 and of course Border Patrol has long rooted links to 3:22:58.800 --> 3:23:02.880 white nationalism. In nineteen seventy seven, about forty five minutes 3:23:02.879 --> 3:23:05.440 from San Diego and another forty five minutes from Komba, 3:23:06.000 --> 3:23:08.440 David Duke, grand Dragon of the Knights of the klu 3:23:08.520 --> 3:23:11.600 Klux Klan at the time, announced the official beginning of 3:23:11.680 --> 3:23:15.760 Clan Border Watch. Duke claimed there were hundreds of clansmen 3:23:15.840 --> 3:23:18.760 on the border, but local newspapers The Desert Sun reported 3:23:18.760 --> 3:23:22.160 that there were in reality at least ten are quote 3:23:22.200 --> 3:23:24.280 directly from the Desert Suns reporting at a time here, 3:23:25.360 --> 3:23:28.320 Duke said clansmen would refrain from direct contact with illegal 3:23:28.360 --> 3:23:31.480 aliens if any have found. He said, klansmen would not 3:23:31.520 --> 3:23:34.600 talk to them or contact them, but if any illegal 3:23:34.640 --> 3:23:37.280 crossings are scene, they're going to use CBE radios to 3:23:37.320 --> 3:23:42.279 relay the information to Border Patrol, Duke said. Duke of Metairie, Louisiana, 3:23:42.600 --> 3:23:45.039 claimed the clan has the support of the American people 3:23:45.200 --> 3:23:47.680 and helping the Border patrol stem the influx of illegal 3:23:47.680 --> 3:23:51.240 aliens into this country. He claimed. The illegal aliens take 3:23:51.320 --> 3:23:56.039 jobs away from US citizens. We feel this rising tide 3:23:56.120 --> 3:23:58.279 washing over our border is going to affect our culture, 3:23:58.480 --> 3:24:00.800 he told reporters at the time, in a statement that 3:24:00.800 --> 3:24:04.280 wouldn't sound out of place on Fox News today. In response, 3:24:04.360 --> 3:24:06.880 more than one thousand, five hundred brown Berries threatened to 3:24:06.959 --> 3:24:09.840 rally against Duke. A protest fire out numbering his patrols, 3:24:09.879 --> 3:24:13.160 popped up along the border. In the late nineteen seventies 3:24:13.200 --> 3:24:16.400 and early nineteen eighties, Texas Knights of the KKK leader 3:24:16.440 --> 3:24:18.920 Louis Beam, a Vietnam war veteran who had helped to 3:24:19.000 --> 3:24:23.040 organize and promote Duke's border stunt, established paramilitary camps around 3:24:23.040 --> 3:24:25.320 Texas and trained children as young as eight in the 3:24:25.360 --> 3:24:29.760 deadly guerrilla warfare tactics he learned overseas. He rallied white 3:24:29.800 --> 3:24:36.480 fishermen against Vietnamese migrants and burned their boats. In twenty nineteen, 3:24:37.040 --> 3:24:40.360 a Border patrol agent from Logales named Matthew Bowen was 3:24:40.400 --> 3:24:42.920 accused of knocking down a Guatemala man with his vehicle 3:24:43.240 --> 3:24:47.040 then lying to a quart about the incident. The prosecutors 3:24:47.040 --> 3:24:50.800 in the case showed the jury text Bowen sent, including 3:24:50.840 --> 3:24:54.840 one which called migrants quote disgusting, sub human shit unworthy 3:24:54.840 --> 3:24:58.560 of being kindling for a fire. In several text messages, 3:24:58.879 --> 3:25:02.879 Bowen references quote tonks. This is a derogatory term for 3:25:02.920 --> 3:25:06.200 border crossing migrants. The urging is determined a little bit unclear, 3:25:06.200 --> 3:25:08.400 but it seems to be derived from the sound of 3:25:08.440 --> 3:25:12.760 a flashlight hitting the back of someone's head. In argument, 3:25:12.800 --> 3:25:16.240 again submitting the texts, defense lawyer Sean Chapman wrote that 3:25:16.280 --> 3:25:19.760 he would argue certain terms are quote commonplace throughout the 3:25:19.760 --> 3:25:22.600 Border Patrols twos on sector. This is part of the 3:25:22.640 --> 3:25:25.920 agency's culture and therefore it says nothing about mister Bowen's 3:25:25.959 --> 3:25:29.120 mindset genses. This kind of language and attitude was not 3:25:29.200 --> 3:25:31.280 uncommon in her time in border patrol from the mid 3:25:31.360 --> 3:25:34.240 nineties to the early two thousands, but things have got worse. 3:25:34.040 --> 3:25:37.360 Since there have been some definite changes in the Border 3:25:37.400 --> 3:25:40.760 Patrol in the training from before nine to eleven to 3:25:40.800 --> 3:25:46.280 after nine to eleven, and what you also see so 3:25:46.680 --> 3:25:50.920 their vocabulary has changed, so like they refer to migrants 3:25:50.920 --> 3:25:54.200 and asylum secrecis invaders. We never use that term prior 3:25:54.240 --> 3:25:58.840 to nine to eleven, and we did have racist words 3:25:58.840 --> 3:26:01.400 that were used for there. I mean I use them 3:26:01.400 --> 3:26:02.879 as well. I'm not denying there. 3:26:03.480 --> 3:26:06.000 Of course, this kind of language isn't just restricted to 3:26:06.040 --> 3:26:06.640 border patrol. 3:26:07.480 --> 3:26:14.959 The US has become a dumping ground for everybody else's problems. 3:26:18.840 --> 3:26:19.280 Thank care. 3:26:21.600 --> 3:26:25.959 It's true, and these are the best and the finest. 3:26:26.320 --> 3:26:30.160 When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best. 3:26:30.720 --> 3:26:33.160 They're not sending you. They're not sending you. 3:26:34.240 --> 3:26:38.360 They're sending people that have lots of problems, and they're 3:26:38.400 --> 3:26:44.360 bringing those problems with us. They're bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, 3:26:44.920 --> 3:26:48.440 they're rapists, and some I assume are good people. 3:26:49.080 --> 3:26:51.520 There has been white supremacist violence at the border ever 3:26:51.560 --> 3:26:54.760 since Duke and long before. Often it's been at the 3:26:54.800 --> 3:26:57.160 hands of groups outside of the state. Sometimes it's been 3:26:57.160 --> 3:27:00.360 at the hands of the state. In Arizona, groups like 3:27:00.400 --> 3:27:03.960 Arizona Border Ricon and Minutemen American Defense have terrorized border 3:27:03.959 --> 3:27:08.760 communities for decades, engaged renewed momentum from Trump's consistent demonization 3:27:08.840 --> 3:27:11.360 of migrants. I spent a bit of time looking for 3:27:11.400 --> 3:27:13.240 them in the desert in Arizona last week, but I 3:27:13.400 --> 3:27:17.760 didn't see much, not that I really wanted to. Interaction 3:27:17.840 --> 3:27:20.360 with these militias, probably far more often than we have 3:27:20.400 --> 3:27:23.879 documented evidence for, can be fatal, just like interaction with 3:27:23.920 --> 3:27:28.320 customs and border protection. Here's just one example culled from 3:27:28.360 --> 3:27:33.280 David Newitt's excellent book, and Hell followed with her. On 3:27:33.360 --> 3:27:36.960 May thirtieth, two thousand and nine, Sean of Ford, Jason 3:27:36.959 --> 3:27:41.400 Eugene Bush, and Albert Gacxiola, all members of Ford's vigilante 3:27:41.440 --> 3:27:45.520 group Minuteman American Defense, forced their way into Raoul Flores 3:27:45.560 --> 3:27:48.920 Junior's home in Aravika, Arizona, by pretending to be border 3:27:48.959 --> 3:27:52.320 patrol agents. The group planned to steal and sell drugs 3:27:52.360 --> 3:27:55.039 they thought Flora's had in his house. The FBI knew 3:27:55.080 --> 3:27:58.080 about this, but did nothing to stop them, Finding no 3:27:58.160 --> 3:28:01.400 drugs in the house. Civitilante's murder Flores and his nine 3:28:01.480 --> 3:28:06.880 year old daughter, Bricennia, Flora's wife and Brisenia's mother, Gina 3:28:06.959 --> 3:28:10.920 Marie Gonzalez, was shot three times. She played dead, but 3:28:10.959 --> 3:28:13.840 when attack has returned, she exchanged fire with them, using 3:28:13.879 --> 3:28:18.000 her husband's handgun. In doing so, she hit Bush. Bush 3:28:18.000 --> 3:28:20.480 had previously been charged with a September nineteen ninety seven 3:28:20.520 --> 3:28:23.879 execution of an Aryan Nation associate for the supposed crime 3:28:24.000 --> 3:28:28.360 of being a race traitor. Both Ford and Bush are 3:28:28.400 --> 3:28:32.440 currently on death row in Arizona. The KKAK was not 3:28:32.520 --> 3:28:35.800 the only group recruiting children for border patrolling. Since the 3:28:35.840 --> 3:28:39.520 mid nineteen eighties, the Border Patrol's Explorer program has recruited 3:28:39.560 --> 3:28:42.680 young men and women of high school age. The program 3:28:42.720 --> 3:28:45.360 is charted through Learning for Life, which is a subsidiary 3:28:45.400 --> 3:28:48.959 of the Scouts of America. For kids, often the children 3:28:48.959 --> 3:28:51.920 of immigrants living in border towns where industry has long 3:28:51.959 --> 3:28:53.920 since gone in a decent wage is hard to come by, 3:28:54.320 --> 3:28:56.760 the program offers the chance at a starting salary of 3:28:56.800 --> 3:29:00.000 sixty two thousand dollars twice a median income. In stide 3:29:00.000 --> 3:29:04.920 some of these towns, young Explorers will learn tracking, survival, shooting, 3:29:05.320 --> 3:29:08.640 and how to detain and process on documented migrants, people 3:29:08.640 --> 3:29:10.840 who in some cases are walking in the footsteps of 3:29:10.840 --> 3:29:14.360 their own parents. According to an article by Moraling Music 3:29:14.360 --> 3:29:16.720 in the Nation, young Explorers have to earn the writer 3:29:16.840 --> 3:29:20.840 their uniform by participating their sixty hour Basic Explorer Academy, 3:29:21.480 --> 3:29:24.160 of which they learned CPR drills and the methods of 3:29:24.160 --> 3:29:28.760 conducting vehicle stops. It also offers courses in radio communications, 3:29:28.840 --> 3:29:33.119 public speaking, report writing, and ethics and integrity, and introduces 3:29:33.120 --> 3:29:36.400 the youth to criminal juvenile immigration of Fourth Amendment law. 3:29:37.560 --> 3:29:39.080 While I was writing it, so checked out the San 3:29:39.120 --> 3:29:42.400 Diego sector page, which seems to show young people running, shooting, 3:29:42.520 --> 3:29:44.000 and one who looks like he's just been mased in 3:29:44.000 --> 3:29:46.840 the face. The next photo on the Facebook page dedicated 3:29:46.840 --> 3:29:49.480 to this Border Patrol sector shows a man in handcuffs. 3:29:50.040 --> 3:29:51.920 Above this is a video of someone dropping a chart 3:29:51.959 --> 3:29:55.120 from the top of the border fence. Without figures from 3:29:55.160 --> 3:29:57.160 the CVP, it's hard to tell of participation in the 3:29:57.200 --> 3:30:00.800 Explorers has dropped as public awareness of family separation assault 3:30:01.000 --> 3:30:03.480 now the behavior doesn't exactly fit with the Border Patrol's 3:30:03.480 --> 3:30:06.960 motto on a first has spread. I asked Jen for 3:30:07.000 --> 3:30:08.720 her take on the Explorer program. 3:30:08.879 --> 3:30:11.200 Well, I call it Border Patrol Youth because it reminds 3:30:11.240 --> 3:30:12.879 me a lot of the Hitler youth, where we go 3:30:12.959 --> 3:30:16.400 into their high schools and we get the kids that 3:30:16.560 --> 3:30:22.280 are in trouble, and typically they are Latino dominant high schools, 3:30:21.840 --> 3:30:25.520 and we teach them how to be Many Border Patrol agents, 3:30:25.560 --> 3:30:28.119 and we teach them to hate somebody else instead of themselves. 3:30:28.320 --> 3:30:31.480 We indoctrinate them into the same stuff that I was 3:30:31.520 --> 3:30:34.320 indoctrinating into. But it's even gone so far now as 3:30:34.360 --> 3:30:36.320 to they do the dog and pony shows at the 3:30:36.320 --> 3:30:39.640 elementary school, so they're getting them when they're like six 3:30:39.840 --> 3:30:42.800 seven years old, and they go there with you a 3:30:42.800 --> 3:30:45.400 little Border Patrol bulletproof vest and put them on them 3:30:45.400 --> 3:30:48.199 and take pictures and put it on social media, and 3:30:47.680 --> 3:30:49.879 they have them sit in their trucks and turn the 3:30:49.959 --> 3:30:51.680 signs on and all this other stuff. 3:30:51.879 --> 3:30:54.920 That indoctrination is crucial to border patrol culture. And to 3:30:54.959 --> 3:30:56.680 be honest, the reason I wanted to talk to Jen 3:30:56.840 --> 3:31:01.200 was to understand it better. In Ocomber, young border patrol agent, 3:31:01.400 --> 3:31:05.960 a woman giving volunteers right, I'm not about to get 3:31:05.959 --> 3:31:08.160 into a Border Patrol truck myself, and I wasn't going 3:31:08.200 --> 3:31:09.800 to get a response by asked the agent how she 3:31:09.840 --> 3:31:11.879 squared up her role in holding people in the desert 3:31:12.240 --> 3:31:14.280 with the fact that some volunteers said she'd spend her 3:31:14.360 --> 3:31:17.480 own money buying supplies. Jen said that this kind of 3:31:17.480 --> 3:31:19.400 behavior can be pretty common with young agents. 3:31:19.800 --> 3:31:22.040 I had intended to go to law school to be 3:31:22.120 --> 3:31:24.400 a civil rights attorney when I joined the Border Patrol, 3:31:24.520 --> 3:31:30.119 and for me, I ignored my core values and ignored 3:31:30.440 --> 3:31:33.520 that I was enforcing laws that sent thousands of human 3:31:33.520 --> 3:31:36.920 beings to their deaths because I felt like I was 3:31:36.959 --> 3:31:40.200 trying to survive. I was raped in the academy by 3:31:40.240 --> 3:31:44.280 a fellow agent, and they covered that up, and I 3:31:44.440 --> 3:31:46.720 was really trying to get out of the South and 3:31:46.879 --> 3:31:50.840 start my life. I oftould say, like, especially with female agents, 3:31:50.840 --> 3:31:53.240 they cause it ers five percent, because there's never been 3:31:53.240 --> 3:31:56.720 more than five percent women in the Border Patrol rates. 3:31:57.000 --> 3:31:58.640 And they say, oh, it's because it's very hard. It's 3:31:58.680 --> 3:32:00.480 not because it's very hard. I mean, it is very 3:32:00.520 --> 3:32:03.440 hard to get through, but it's also it's because they're 3:32:03.480 --> 3:32:06.080 sexually assaulting us all the time in the academy and 3:32:06.160 --> 3:32:10.480 halassing us. So I go back and forth in my mind, 3:32:10.480 --> 3:32:12.600 and I would imagine this young woman, you know, she 3:32:12.680 --> 3:32:17.000 has days where she arrests some pretty decent criminals every 3:32:17.040 --> 3:32:18.600 now and then once in a blue moon, but the 3:32:18.640 --> 3:32:23.720 majority of them, if she's paying attention and not completely 3:32:23.760 --> 3:32:27.119 self absorbed, she'll realize that they're not criminals, and their 3:32:27.120 --> 3:32:30.560 families just simply seeking asylum, so she at some point 3:32:30.959 --> 3:32:34.600 has to decide in her mind, is this what I 3:32:34.640 --> 3:32:35.240 got into? 3:32:35.440 --> 3:32:37.920 Is this what I want to do with my life? 3:32:38.560 --> 3:32:40.800 In the wake of nine to eleven and quite telling me, 3:32:41.240 --> 3:32:43.879 the Border Patrol moved from oversight by the Department of 3:32:44.040 --> 3:32:47.240 Justice to the new Department of Homeland Security. This move 3:32:47.680 --> 3:32:50.840 from Justice as security has been echoed, and it's recruiting, 3:32:51.360 --> 3:32:54.080 which once you heavily on those, it's humanitarian aid experience 3:32:54.640 --> 3:32:56.480 and now tries to appeal to veterans of the two 3:32:56.480 --> 3:32:59.000 decades of war that have accompanied the growth of DHS 3:32:59.000 --> 3:33:03.640 since two thousand and one. When the DHS was first established, 3:33:03.760 --> 3:33:06.640 the name struck many as problematic. In the two thousand 3:33:06.640 --> 3:33:09.280 and two article in The New York Times, Elizabeth Becker 3:33:09.520 --> 3:33:11.640 wrote that the name had worrying similarities to the way 3:33:11.640 --> 3:33:14.640 the Nazis talked about their fatherland, and it didn't really 3:33:14.640 --> 3:33:18.000 fit with the way Americans spoke. Nobody in two thousand 3:33:18.000 --> 3:33:20.640 and one was talking about the homeland. But two decades 3:33:20.640 --> 3:33:22.920 and billions of dollars later, it's hard to find much 3:33:22.920 --> 3:33:24.720 in the way of criticism of the agency in DC, 3:33:25.400 --> 3:33:27.440 despite the fact that the twenty twenty two budgets of 3:33:27.440 --> 3:33:31.000 CBP and ICE was sixteen and eight billion, respectively, and 3:33:31.160 --> 3:33:34.160 every year since two thousand and one, DHS has obtained 3:33:34.200 --> 3:33:37.920 more guns, more drones, and more surveillance technology that is 3:33:37.920 --> 3:33:41.000 inevitably used to spy on citizens as well as non citizens. 3:33:42.920 --> 3:33:46.359 In nineteen ninety five, there are about four thousand CBP agents. 3:33:46.800 --> 3:33:50.280 By twenty twenty there were twenty thousand, with seventeen thousand 3:33:50.280 --> 3:33:53.160 stations on the southern border. This is a slight drop 3:33:53.200 --> 3:33:55.880 from a peak of just over twenty one thousand under Obama, 3:33:56.240 --> 3:33:58.520 who is often called the deporter in Chief, is fondness 3:33:58.520 --> 3:34:01.520 for expelling people from the United States for crimes like 3:34:01.720 --> 3:34:05.640 having a PieP or financial misconduct, the so called aggravated 3:34:05.680 --> 3:34:09.520 felonies and crimes of moral turpitude that only exist for 3:34:09.560 --> 3:34:13.120 non citizens. These agents today have the ability to operate 3:34:13.120 --> 3:34:16.720 in what the ACLU calls a constitution free zone and 3:34:16.800 --> 3:34:20.840 can conduct suspicion free searches of electronic devices, use cell 3:34:20.879 --> 3:34:24.000 site simulators, and sweep up data about thousands of people 3:34:24.040 --> 3:34:26.840 never accused of any crime. One of the more notable 3:34:26.840 --> 3:34:28.959 examples of this happened only a few yards from where 3:34:29.000 --> 3:34:31.520 I was recording last week. In Santa Cudro. It's a 3:34:31.560 --> 3:34:34.640 story worth recounting in detail because it brings together the 3:34:34.640 --> 3:34:39.119 themes we've spoken about so far, demonization of migrants, government overreach, 3:34:39.360 --> 3:34:43.080 and a frank disregard for international and national law. In 3:34:43.160 --> 3:34:45.640 late twenty eighteen, I was enjoying a break from work 3:34:45.640 --> 3:34:48.160 in a caravan near in Sonata. If you think back 3:34:48.200 --> 3:34:51.000 to that time, right before the midterms, you might remember 3:34:51.000 --> 3:34:53.040 some of the rhetoric that's circulated around a large group 3:34:53.080 --> 3:34:55.760 of migrants making their way to the southern border. I'll 3:34:55.760 --> 3:34:57.920 play some of the clips from Fox that MPR cut 3:34:57.959 --> 3:34:59.560 together in their coverage of the issue. 3:35:00.160 --> 3:35:06.040 Sympathetic, overwrought coverage of this invading horde. Is calling it 3:35:06.080 --> 3:35:09.640 a caravan is a misnomer? In a frankly sickness. 3:35:09.240 --> 3:35:11.959 Or sampled that Chipper Morning show Fox and Friends. 3:35:11.680 --> 3:35:14.119 I've gotten so many email from people who said, don't 3:35:14.160 --> 3:35:17.160 call it a caravan, call it an invasion. 3:35:17.400 --> 3:35:17.640 Yes? 3:35:17.760 --> 3:35:18.360 Is that fair? 3:35:18.480 --> 3:35:21.680 Host Steve Doocy put the question to conservative pundit Michelle Malkin. 3:35:21.920 --> 3:35:22.640 Of course it is. 3:35:22.680 --> 3:35:25.680 It is a full scale invasion by a hostile force, 3:35:25.959 --> 3:35:28.840 and it requires our president and our commander in chief 3:35:28.879 --> 3:35:31.760 to use any means necessary to protect our sovereignty. 3:35:31.879 --> 3:35:35.080 CNN's Brian Stelter found that Fox News featured segments using 3:35:35.120 --> 3:35:37.960 the phrase invasion more than sixty times this month about 3:35:37.959 --> 3:35:41.760 the migrants. On Fox Business Network, Lou Dobbs's program invoked 3:35:41.760 --> 3:35:45.080 it dozens of times. Trump ordered five thousand troops to 3:35:45.120 --> 3:35:47.840 the border. He tweeted yesterday, quote, this is an invasion 3:35:47.920 --> 3:35:50.840 of our country, and Trump has, without evidence, claimed gang 3:35:50.879 --> 3:35:54.480 members and criminals and Middle Easterners are among them. Over 3:35:54.560 --> 3:35:58.440 on Fox, guests have similarly, without supporting facts, suggested people 3:35:58.480 --> 3:36:02.039 from Isis and the Taliban be among those migrants. Even so, 3:36:02.280 --> 3:36:05.200 the network's chief news anchor, Shepherd Smith, tried to put 3:36:05.200 --> 3:36:06.280 on the brakes yesterday. 3:36:06.440 --> 3:36:11.520 Tomorrow is one week before the midterm election, which is 3:36:11.520 --> 3:36:14.959 what all of this is about. There is no invasion, 3:36:16.000 --> 3:36:19.040 No one's coming to get you. There's nothing at all 3:36:19.080 --> 3:36:19.760 to worry about. 3:36:19.840 --> 3:36:22.800 This month, Fox hosts and guests have repeatedly questions whether 3:36:22.840 --> 3:36:26.560 the migrants might bring in infectious diseases, again without evidence. 3:36:26.959 --> 3:36:30.400 Laura Ingram, we don't know what people have coming in here. 3:36:30.440 --> 3:36:33.240 We have diseases in this country we haven't had for decades. 3:36:33.720 --> 3:36:35.920 I'll leave you to process the incredible army of the 3:36:35.959 --> 3:36:38.240 network that killed the decent percentage of its viewers by 3:36:38.240 --> 3:36:41.480 denying that COVID was serious, or a disease, or the 3:36:41.560 --> 3:36:45.320 vaccines and masks are useful panicking about infectious diseases. Just 3:36:45.360 --> 3:36:48.920 two years before the pandemic began, the Tree of Life shooter, 3:36:48.920 --> 3:36:51.000 who we won't name here, who is currently facing a 3:36:51.000 --> 3:36:53.960 death penunty trial for murdering eleven people in a Pittsburgh synegogue, 3:36:54.040 --> 3:36:56.680 was obsessed with the caravan. The victims of the largest 3:36:56.680 --> 3:36:59.800 anti Semitic mass murder in US history included a beloved 3:37:00.000 --> 3:37:03.320 county doctor, a great grandmother, and a couple who'd gotten 3:37:03.320 --> 3:37:05.720 married at the same synagogue more than sixty years earlier. 3:37:06.560 --> 3:37:09.840 The shooter's last post on hate speech social media site gab, 3:37:10.320 --> 3:37:13.680 posted just minutes before the synagogue massacre began, spells it 3:37:13.680 --> 3:37:17.120 out with a reference to the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, 3:37:17.400 --> 3:37:20.640 the Jewish nonprofit that resettles refugees in the United States. 3:37:21.360 --> 3:37:23.880 HIAS liked to bring invaders to kill our people. I 3:37:23.959 --> 3:37:26.920 can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw 3:37:26.920 --> 3:37:30.080 your optics, I'm going in. The shooter was obsessed with 3:37:30.120 --> 3:37:32.039 the idea that a caravan of migrants with not a 3:37:32.040 --> 3:37:34.440 group of people trying to save their own lives, but 3:37:34.520 --> 3:37:37.720 a coordinated and somehow Jewish led invasion and attempts to 3:37:37.720 --> 3:37:41.360 demographically restructure the United States. If you're ending where he 3:37:41.400 --> 3:37:44.440 got that idea from, He's America's favorite job seeker. Tucker 3:37:44.440 --> 3:37:45.520 Carlson on the caravan. 3:37:46.000 --> 3:37:49.359 Over the past month, a caravan of Central American migrants 3:37:49.400 --> 3:37:52.039 has gradually made its way up from Hunduras through Mexico 3:37:52.480 --> 3:37:55.720 all the way to Tijuana opposite San Diego. At one point, 3:37:55.800 --> 3:37:59.480 Mexican authorities claimed they broke up the group, and American media, 3:37:59.520 --> 3:38:02.800 of course dutifully reported that they did, But they didn't. 3:38:02.920 --> 3:38:05.480 That was just a pr gesture and a temporary one. 3:38:05.520 --> 3:38:09.279 In fact, during parts of the trip, Mexican police escorted 3:38:09.280 --> 3:38:10.359 the migrants northwards. 3:38:10.400 --> 3:38:11.320 In other words, the. 3:38:11.280 --> 3:38:14.879 Mexican government embedded illegal immigration into this country, as it 3:38:14.920 --> 3:38:18.080 has done for many years. Well tonight, the caravan is 3:38:18.120 --> 3:38:20.680 on our southern border. Rather than wait for the crossing 3:38:20.720 --> 3:38:23.440 station at Sanya Sidro to open, many of them just 3:38:23.560 --> 3:38:27.040 jumped the fence. Some waved Honduran flags when they got 3:38:27.080 --> 3:38:30.160 to the top. And that tells you everything. When you 3:38:30.280 --> 3:38:32.640 arrive in a country to contribute to it and to 3:38:32.720 --> 3:38:35.959 assimilate into its culture. You don't wave the flag of 3:38:36.000 --> 3:38:39.200 a foreign nation. That's what you do in triumph when 3:38:39.240 --> 3:38:40.320 you invade a country. 3:38:40.720 --> 3:38:42.840 On my way home from Mansonado in twenty eighteen, I 3:38:42.879 --> 3:38:46.000 saw that quote invading Horde in the Benito Juadi Sports 3:38:46.000 --> 3:38:49.520 Complex and probably turned around and went back. My instinct 3:38:49.560 --> 3:38:52.280 as a journalist is to couple things like this, but 3:38:52.360 --> 3:38:55.120 my instinct to the person is to help first. On 3:38:55.160 --> 3:38:57.000 the first day, I was there with two friends I 3:38:57.080 --> 3:38:59.440 know from the weird world of pro cycling. Things were 3:38:59.440 --> 3:39:02.520 pretty bad. We'd obtained a backpack full of stroop waffles 3:39:02.520 --> 3:39:04.360 that a friend who makes stroop waffles have given us. 3:39:04.800 --> 3:39:06.640 Once we gave those out, I talked to a few 3:39:06.640 --> 3:39:09.440 people about what they needed. We coordinated with mutual a 3:39:09.480 --> 3:39:12.279 groups in Tijuana and offered to support her for we could. 3:39:13.000 --> 3:39:14.600 In the next few weeks, my friends and I spent 3:39:14.680 --> 3:39:17.560 tens of thousands of dollars at a Tijuana costco, received 3:39:17.640 --> 3:39:19.840 thousands of dollars in donations from people we hadn't seen 3:39:19.840 --> 3:39:22.680 in years, and in one memorable instance, rigged up and 3:39:22.720 --> 3:39:25.160 projected as someone had tactically obtained from an office to 3:39:25.200 --> 3:39:27.280 a DVD player which we'd installed in the roof of 3:39:27.280 --> 3:39:30.200 a dilapidated nightclub full of little children and their mothers 3:39:30.480 --> 3:39:33.000 so they could watch Beverly Hills, Chihuahua and forget about 3:39:33.000 --> 3:39:35.040 the fact that the country they were traveling to was 3:39:35.080 --> 3:39:38.360 portraying these little infants as invaders. I have a lot 3:39:38.360 --> 3:39:41.520 of very complicated memories of those few weeks, little girls 3:39:41.520 --> 3:39:44.880 braiding my hair, little boys and girls trying to comprehend 3:39:44.879 --> 3:39:47.560 exactly how I could be this bad at football, and 3:39:47.640 --> 3:39:50.920 people from San Diego churches, tijuan anarchist kitchens, and mutual 3:39:50.959 --> 3:39:53.600 a groups around the region coming together to look after 3:39:53.640 --> 3:39:55.800 a group of people who'd been so heavily demonized by 3:39:55.840 --> 3:39:57.880 folks who had never met them or even been here. 3:39:58.600 --> 3:40:01.240 His Trump defending calling the CA caravan an invasion and 3:40:01.240 --> 3:40:04.480 simultaneously explaining why migrants low wage labor it's desirable for 3:40:04.520 --> 3:40:05.400 people like him. 3:40:05.720 --> 3:40:08.800 Thank you, miss President. I challenge you on on one 3:40:08.840 --> 3:40:10.760 of the statements that you made in the tail end 3:40:10.800 --> 3:40:14.080 of the campaign, uh in the mid terms, that here 3:40:14.120 --> 3:40:16.520 we go that well, if you don't mind, miss President, 3:40:16.600 --> 3:40:19.320 coming that this caravan was an invasion, as you know, 3:40:19.840 --> 3:40:21.520 consider it to be. As you know, miss President, the 3:40:21.560 --> 3:40:24.080 caravan was not an invasion. It's a it's a a 3:40:24.240 --> 3:40:27.320 group of migrants moving up from Central America towards the 3:40:27.360 --> 3:40:30.959 border with the US. Thank you. And why why did 3:40:31.000 --> 3:40:33.240 you why did you characterize it as such? 3:40:33.920 --> 3:40:34.040 Uh? 3:40:34.400 --> 3:40:36.760 Because I consider an invasion. You and I have a 3:40:36.800 --> 3:40:37.600 difference of a button. 3:40:37.720 --> 3:40:40.879 Do you think that you demonized immigrants? Not this election 3:40:41.280 --> 3:40:41.640 to try. 3:40:41.680 --> 3:40:42.240 I want them. 3:40:42.280 --> 3:40:44.080 I want them to come into the country, but they 3:40:44.120 --> 3:40:45.000 have to come in legally. 3:40:45.040 --> 3:40:46.240 You know, they have to come in Jim. 3:40:46.160 --> 3:40:47.040 Through a process. 3:40:47.360 --> 3:40:49.480 I want it to be a process, and I want 3:40:49.520 --> 3:40:50.280 people to come in. 3:40:50.320 --> 3:40:51.120 And we need the people. 3:40:51.200 --> 3:40:53.960 Your campaign, your campaign. 3:40:53.160 --> 3:40:54.680 You know why we need the people, does you? 3:40:55.080 --> 3:40:57.200 Because we have hundreds of companies moving in. 3:40:57.320 --> 3:40:58.240 We need the people. 3:40:58.800 --> 3:41:01.520 Trump, as you had a clip, used a migrant caravan 3:41:01.520 --> 3:41:03.840 as a prop for his racist and bigoted midterm campaign. 3:41:04.400 --> 3:41:06.800 It didn't work and he lost control of the House, 3:41:06.920 --> 3:41:08.920 but he did succeed in forcing these people to spend 3:41:08.959 --> 3:41:12.120 months in the cold, first in a sports stadium and 3:41:12.120 --> 3:41:15.199 then in an old nightclub, even as a migrant gradually 3:41:15.200 --> 3:41:17.680 reduced in number, with many finding work and new life 3:41:17.680 --> 3:41:21.359 in Mexico, some finding their way north. The long legacy 3:41:21.360 --> 3:41:24.320 of that caravan was only just starting. In the months 3:41:24.320 --> 3:41:27.000 have followed journalists who'd covered the caravan, as well as 3:41:27.040 --> 3:41:30.000 those who offered assistant to caravan members, so they felt 3:41:30.000 --> 3:41:33.400 they'd become targets of intense inspections of scrutiny by border officials. 3:41:34.560 --> 3:41:36.840 I got pulled into secondarily once during this time, and 3:41:36.879 --> 3:41:39.160 that was entering Mexaco. The worst I got was a 3:41:39.240 --> 3:41:41.640 chance to inspect my nineteen eighty pickup trucks oil pen. 3:41:42.160 --> 3:41:46.200 But for others, things weren't so easy. Homeland Security Investigation 3:41:46.280 --> 3:41:51.000 special agent turned whistleblower Wesley Peternak helped NBC to document that, 3:41:51.879 --> 3:41:54.080 under the umbrella of what was called Operation Secure Line, 3:41:54.120 --> 3:41:57.760 the Department of Homeland Security created a database of activists, journalists, 3:41:57.800 --> 3:42:01.280 and social media influences tied to the migrant cart When 3:42:01.320 --> 3:42:04.160 they crossed the border. Individuals in that database were often 3:42:04.160 --> 3:42:07.120 subjected to hours long screenings and in some cases had 3:42:07.120 --> 3:42:11.400 flagspaced on their passports. A PowerPoint slideshow which Peternac leaked 3:42:11.400 --> 3:42:15.240 to NBC seven lists some of the people, some of 3:42:15.240 --> 3:42:18.920 them have been guests on this show. They include ten journalists, 3:42:19.000 --> 3:42:22.800 seven of whom are US citizens. A US attorney forty 3:42:22.800 --> 3:42:24.800 eight people from the US and other countries who are 3:42:24.879 --> 3:42:30.480 labeled as organizers, instigators, or having unknown roles. The target 3:42:30.520 --> 3:42:33.760 lists also includes organizers from groups like Border Angels and 3:42:33.800 --> 3:42:37.240 Pueblos in Froontella's I asked journalist brook Bin Cowsey to 3:42:37.240 --> 3:42:40.199 describe her experience of increased border scrutiny in twenty eighteen. 3:42:40.640 --> 3:42:42.800 If you don't have a pre approved card, you have 3:42:42.879 --> 3:42:44.920 to like go through wait and line, waiting this long 3:42:45.000 --> 3:42:47.880 ass line, and then you know, you go and get 3:42:47.959 --> 3:42:51.000 vetted by CDP. They ask you some questions or they 3:42:51.040 --> 3:42:52.600 just wave you through, depending on what kind of day 3:42:52.600 --> 3:42:55.960 they're having or whatever. So in my case, I started 3:42:55.959 --> 3:42:58.879 getting pulled into secondary inspection more and more. So they 3:42:58.920 --> 3:43:01.560 would wave my car over and then take me into 3:43:01.560 --> 3:43:04.600 this secondary place where it's sort of like this back 3:43:04.920 --> 3:43:08.360 it's like a Quonsett pet sort of, and in it 3:43:08.520 --> 3:43:10.240 like all these cars drive in and out, and they'll 3:43:10.280 --> 3:43:13.199 they'll go through your things, they'll get in your face, 3:43:13.440 --> 3:43:16.960 you know, they'll do all kinds of stuff. And I 3:43:17.280 --> 3:43:19.480 don't there have to be cameras in there somewhere, but 3:43:19.520 --> 3:43:22.600 I've never seen any. So I just kept getting pulled 3:43:22.600 --> 3:43:24.440 into secondary more and more, as though I was this 3:43:24.640 --> 3:43:27.440 suspicious person, as though I was suspected of something, and 3:43:27.480 --> 3:43:28.959 every time I asked, they'd be like, I don't know, 3:43:29.200 --> 3:43:31.640 it's just random, ma'am, and ma'am, it's just random. So 3:43:31.640 --> 3:43:34.680 actually this started about twenty fourteen for me, but it 3:43:34.720 --> 3:43:37.760 started to escalate in twenty eighteen. Twenty seventeen, twenty eighteen 3:43:37.800 --> 3:43:40.160 started to escalate, and I was like, a fucking Trump administration, 3:43:40.240 --> 3:43:42.240 of course going to escalate right on. 3:43:42.320 --> 3:43:44.359 The Trump she said, Things got worse. 3:43:44.520 --> 3:43:46.800 From twenty seventeen through twenty eighteen. It kind of worked 3:43:46.840 --> 3:43:48.440 where you push back and I'd be like, you need 3:43:48.440 --> 3:43:51.440 to let me fucking go. You know, I'm century, I'm 3:43:51.480 --> 3:43:54.280 already pre checked. If you think that there's something wrong 3:43:54.320 --> 3:43:56.520 that I'm doing, and take my fucking century away, and 3:43:56.600 --> 3:43:58.440 I want to talk to your manager type stuff, right, 3:43:58.480 --> 3:44:01.480 So I was doing that that were until twenty eighteen, 3:44:01.520 --> 3:44:02.840 and then it started to get really gnarly. 3:44:03.320 --> 3:44:05.520 Eventually things came to a head the day before the 3:44:05.560 --> 3:44:07.920 migrants of the caravan were tea guessed. And I've seen 3:44:07.959 --> 3:44:10.000 most people remember from twenty eighteen. 3:44:10.240 --> 3:44:14.080 So but on that night, as I was coming back, 3:44:14.959 --> 3:44:17.600 I drove through and I did this century thing, you know, 3:44:17.680 --> 3:44:20.560 the usual stuff, and got pulled into secondary and this 3:44:20.680 --> 3:44:24.400 time it was really like gnarly. The time before that 3:44:24.400 --> 3:44:27.000 had also been really gnarly, like nobody hurt me, nobody 3:44:27.000 --> 3:44:29.400 did anything. But they got really close to my face, 3:44:29.680 --> 3:44:32.760 like brighten my face, you know, and started screaming at me, 3:44:32.840 --> 3:44:33.800 like screaming over me. 3:44:33.840 --> 3:44:36.720 And I kept going, I'd like to speak to. 3:44:36.640 --> 3:44:39.600 Your manager, you know, sir, like please, please get out 3:44:39.640 --> 3:44:45.199 of my face, sir. And it was it was gross, 3:44:45.280 --> 3:44:47.119 and they were going through my shit and that was gross. 3:44:47.160 --> 3:44:50.880 Like they didn't find anything, but it was just an invasive, hostile, 3:44:51.000 --> 3:44:53.800 disgusting thing. And that was when so I said, can 3:44:53.840 --> 3:44:58.280 I speak to your manager? Which is a magic phrase 3:44:58.320 --> 3:45:01.000 when you're a middle aged white woman. So I say this, 3:45:01.640 --> 3:45:04.960 and they bring over some guy and he goes, ma'am, 3:45:04.959 --> 3:45:05.480 can I help you? 3:45:05.520 --> 3:45:06.640 I'm like, yeah, what the fuck? 3:45:07.000 --> 3:45:09.360 You know, why are you treating me this way? Why 3:45:10.080 --> 3:45:12.039 did any of this happen? And he goes, oh, yeah, 3:45:12.240 --> 3:45:14.160 I'm sorry. Your name's on a list somewhere. You've been 3:45:14.160 --> 3:45:17.520 flat And I'm like, so every time I've crossed, I've 3:45:17.520 --> 3:45:20.280 been flagged. He's like yeah, and yeah, you've been there's 3:45:20.280 --> 3:45:22.680 a flag on your passport or against your name and 3:45:22.720 --> 3:45:25.680 that's why. And I said, well, why is there a 3:45:25.760 --> 3:45:28.280 flag against my name? And he goes, I don't know, 3:45:28.320 --> 3:45:30.240 You're going to have to do a Freedom of Information 3:45:30.320 --> 3:45:31.320 Act request or something. 3:45:31.480 --> 3:45:32.640 I don't even know if he knew I was a. 3:45:32.600 --> 3:45:36.160 Journalist sadly broke Glass Crossing twenty eighteen, and since I 3:45:36.240 --> 3:45:39.400 photographed those Cumi folks in ceremony near Camper, the border 3:45:39.400 --> 3:45:42.120 wall has only got longer. Every mile it stretches out 3:45:42.200 --> 3:45:44.320 means another mile into the desert people have to walk, 3:45:44.640 --> 3:45:46.480 and that means that more people won't walk out of 3:45:46.480 --> 3:45:49.560 that desert, Those people who lost their lives, and an 3:45:49.560 --> 3:45:52.160 attempt to save them. A mark with little red dots 3:45:52.200 --> 3:45:54.760 on the various maps, at attempt to put the humanitarian 3:45:54.800 --> 3:45:58.640 crisis into a visual form. Those dots begin in South 3:45:58.640 --> 3:46:02.359 America's people die traveling north, but they're sparse and isolated. 3:46:03.160 --> 3:46:05.840 Where that changes is the places I've been driving all week, 3:46:06.560 --> 3:46:11.480 Eastern California, southern Arizona. Places I know from years of hiking, climbing, 3:46:11.480 --> 3:46:15.600 and cycling. Places when one mistake can be fatal. I 3:46:15.640 --> 3:46:18.040 know from my friends who spend time resupplying water caches 3:46:18.040 --> 3:46:20.480 and searching for missing people, that you don't have to 3:46:20.480 --> 3:46:23.120 make any mistakes to die in the desert, especially if 3:46:23.120 --> 3:46:26.360 you're young or old, or sick or afraid to ask 3:46:26.400 --> 3:46:29.959 for help. These are the places we force people to 3:46:29.959 --> 3:46:32.600 travel through on foot to come here and create a 3:46:32.600 --> 3:46:37.720 better future for themselves. Dehydration, exposure, and drowning or rank 3:46:37.800 --> 3:46:40.960 highly as caused a death along the border. Last year 3:46:41.120 --> 3:46:43.880 saw a record for border death, and with Biden attempting 3:46:43.920 --> 3:46:45.880 to take a hard line going into twenty twenty four, 3:46:46.600 --> 3:46:49.760 and climate change and instability continuing to drive migrants north 3:46:50.160 --> 3:46:52.199 to the place that causes so much of that climate 3:46:52.320 --> 3:46:55.039 change and instability, there's no reason to believe things will 3:46:55.040 --> 3:46:58.640 get better. I want to point to one tragic loss, 3:46:59.080 --> 3:47:01.600 one of thousands, that happened not far from where I live. 3:47:02.400 --> 3:47:06.519 In February of twenty twenty, Juana Margarita and Paula Santosarthe 3:47:06.640 --> 3:47:09.280 were traveling by foot from Wahaka to their future in 3:47:09.320 --> 3:47:12.080 the United States along a trail sometimes known as the 3:47:12.160 --> 3:47:15.280 Shrine Trail. Their family told media back home that they 3:47:15.320 --> 3:47:18.280 were searching for us. When you are Americano, the American dream. 3:47:19.080 --> 3:47:22.440 Along their route is a small religious shrine which marks 3:47:22.440 --> 3:47:24.279 the last point from which you can see in Mexico. 3:47:25.360 --> 3:47:28.800 It's well inside the US, along a dry creek bed 3:47:28.840 --> 3:47:31.760 in the Laguna Mountains. It can be hot in the 3:47:31.800 --> 3:47:35.280 summer and cold in the winter. Last November I camped 3:47:35.280 --> 3:47:37.600 out there, and even with thousands of dollars in gear, 3:47:37.840 --> 3:47:41.360 I was dangerously close to cold injury. I've also rescued 3:47:41.400 --> 3:47:45.680 hikers with dehydration symptoms near here. The desert and the 3:47:45.720 --> 3:47:48.760 weather might be part of the story, but the desert 3:47:48.760 --> 3:47:51.360 doesn't kill people on its own. It's the border that 3:47:51.440 --> 3:47:54.560 forces people deep into the desert that kills them. The 3:47:54.600 --> 3:47:56.680 desert is just a tool for a system that uses 3:47:56.720 --> 3:47:59.960 death of a torrent. When the girls cross the border 3:48:00.200 --> 3:48:03.400 camp on the ninth of February, it was raining. As 3:48:03.400 --> 3:48:06.560 they climbed the Lagoona mountains, it started to snow. They 3:48:06.600 --> 3:48:08.680 huddled under a bolder for warmth, and the two men 3:48:08.720 --> 3:48:10.920 smuggling them across struck out to get Star reception and 3:48:10.920 --> 3:48:14.320 call nine to one one. By the time boor Star 3:48:14.879 --> 3:48:18.120 Border Patrol Search Trauma and Rescue team arrived, two of 3:48:18.160 --> 3:48:20.959 the girls had died as they tried to save Juana. 3:48:21.280 --> 3:48:23.959 Their request for air support was declined, and she died 3:48:24.000 --> 3:48:25.920 with one of the agents jack kits wrapped around her 3:48:26.280 --> 3:48:30.279 and another agent's beanie on her head. For some reason, 3:48:30.560 --> 3:48:32.960 the girl's remains were not recovered right away, and they 3:48:32.959 --> 3:48:36.160 were not rewarmed, and so they last their last chance 3:48:36.160 --> 3:48:40.600 at the American dream and not life. Today, their final 3:48:40.680 --> 3:48:42.800 resting place is marked by three crosses and a cash 3:48:42.800 --> 3:48:46.920 of supplies placed there by volunteers at the time I'm 3:48:46.920 --> 3:48:49.360 recording this, we don't know where all the folks we 3:48:49.400 --> 3:48:51.760 met at the border are now. Then we might never know. 3:48:52.959 --> 3:48:55.320 Not being able to follow stories is a sad part 3:48:55.360 --> 3:48:57.840 of this reporting. Sometimes you know its people all have 3:48:57.840 --> 3:48:59.680 my phone number, but they might not. Only more have 3:48:59.760 --> 3:49:02.879 their phones or the scrap of paper are wrote it on. 3:49:03.720 --> 3:49:06.760 Often these things can be taken for them in custody. 3:49:06.960 --> 3:49:09.240 What we do know is that on May eighteenth, exactly 3:49:09.280 --> 3:49:12.440 one week after Title forty two ended, Immigration and Customs 3:49:12.560 --> 3:49:15.920 Enforcement also known as ICE, tweeted a video of Customs 3:49:15.960 --> 3:49:19.640 Enforcement and Removal Operations agents walking down the corridor of 3:49:19.680 --> 3:49:23.880 a flight full of mass people. The caption read ICE 3:49:23.880 --> 3:49:28.480 conducted multiple removal flights, including Ecuador, Guatemala, and Honduras as 3:49:28.520 --> 3:49:31.640 part of dozens flights conducted each week. On the wall 3:49:31.640 --> 3:49:34.240 of my office, they write this. There are several propaganda 3:49:34.280 --> 3:49:38.200 posters from the Spanish Second Republic. One is as simple 3:49:38.200 --> 3:49:41.240 as it is heartbreaking. The poster depicts a squadron of 3:49:41.280 --> 3:49:45.000 fascist bombers and the dead body of a child. The 3:49:45.040 --> 3:49:48.520 slogan underneath reads, if you tolerate this, then your children 3:49:48.560 --> 3:49:52.560 will be next. The poster was, of course correct. It 3:49:52.680 --> 3:49:54.360 was the inspiration for songs for the Clash and the 3:49:54.360 --> 3:49:56.840 Man Three Preachers, which are what, in turn made me 3:49:56.880 --> 3:49:59.720 want to learn about the Spanish Civil War. The slogan, 3:50:00.080 --> 3:50:02.920 coined in nineteen thirty seven, feels as relevant today as 3:50:02.960 --> 3:50:05.640 it does then. It was one that folks on the 3:50:05.640 --> 3:50:08.400 border might as well have been screaming by twenty eighteen, 3:50:09.320 --> 3:50:11.440 but one that went ignored, just as it did in 3:50:11.480 --> 3:50:15.480 nineteen thirty seven. In twenty twenty, folks began to realize 3:50:15.480 --> 3:50:18.080 what it meant when border patrol drones circled the skies 3:50:18.120 --> 3:50:21.520 around Minneapolis and cell phone signal interceptors tracked citizens all 3:50:21.520 --> 3:50:24.040 over the US. When they came together to demand that 3:50:24.040 --> 3:50:27.240 the police stop murdering people. It became more real in 3:50:27.280 --> 3:50:30.840 twenty twenty three, when under DeSantis, Florida began the process 3:50:30.840 --> 3:50:34.040 of legalizing state kidnapping of trans and gender nonperforming kids 3:50:34.040 --> 3:50:37.800 from their loving families. But that all began when the 3:50:37.800 --> 3:50:40.440 state ripped Indigenous children for their families in nineteenth and 3:50:40.480 --> 3:50:43.520 twentieth centuries, who tried to destroy their culture by punishing 3:50:43.520 --> 3:50:45.720 them for wearing their clothes, speaking their languages, or using 3:50:45.760 --> 3:50:48.960 their names. Wasn't a big leap from there to Trump's 3:50:48.960 --> 3:50:51.840 family separation policy, which detained kids on their own, away 3:50:51.840 --> 3:50:55.040 from their families as a means of punishing the deterring migrants, 3:50:55.560 --> 3:50:59.400 and it's reached its obvious endpoint in Florida because despite 3:50:59.400 --> 3:51:01.240 all the people I think about kids in courages in 3:51:01.280 --> 3:51:05.240 twenty twenty, it's almost universal bipartisan agreement on treating people 3:51:05.320 --> 3:51:08.720 of our southern border like humans without rights. And because 3:51:08.760 --> 3:51:11.920 for two decades we've allowed the border surveillance industrial complex 3:51:11.960 --> 3:51:14.520 to grow to an unprecedented and uncontrollable scale. But what 3:51:14.640 --> 3:51:18.520 you us all changing things now will be very difficult. 3:51:19.400 --> 3:51:23.280 DHS aren't numbers many nations armies, and it's considerably better equipped. 3:51:24.160 --> 3:51:26.360 But unless people show up and take action, things are 3:51:26.400 --> 3:51:29.800 going to get considerably worse, regardless of who you vote 3:51:29.840 --> 3:51:31.280 for or what they say in order to get you 3:51:31.320 --> 3:51:34.760 to vote for them. As Katie said, little things can 3:51:34.880 --> 3:51:37.720 make a difference, and if you listen this far, I 3:51:37.760 --> 3:51:39.280 hope you'll take the time to try and do those 3:51:39.320 --> 3:51:42.360 little things. Before we go, I want to update you 3:51:42.400 --> 3:51:44.280 on what's happened in the week we've been publishing this. 3:51:45.720 --> 3:51:47.440 Although there are no longer people held out in the 3:51:47.440 --> 3:51:50.120 open in ho Goomba and sant Asedra, there are still 3:51:50.160 --> 3:51:52.480 many people trying to present themselves at the sant Asedra 3:51:52.560 --> 3:51:55.080 border to claim asylum. Today I was told they are 3:51:55.080 --> 3:51:58.040 about one hundred of them. They're waiting there, often for days. 3:51:58.720 --> 3:52:01.720 Most of them are getting turned away. They're all frustrated 3:52:01.720 --> 3:52:04.400 with CVP one which continues to be buggy, offer no 3:52:04.480 --> 3:52:08.400 appointments and struggle to photograph black faces. I also wanted 3:52:08.440 --> 3:52:10.680 to mention some of the organizations you can find and 3:52:10.720 --> 3:52:13.720 donate to if you'd like to support their efforts. They 3:52:13.760 --> 3:52:19.240 are the Asian Solidarity Collective, Alo Trolao, the American Friends 3:52:19.320 --> 3:52:25.040 Service Committee, Border Kindness border Lands Relief Collective, the Haitian 3:52:25.040 --> 3:52:29.440 Bridge Alliance, the Partnership for the Advancement of New Americans 3:52:30.080 --> 3:52:36.960 and PREVENKASA pr e v E NCASA. I'd also like 3:52:37.040 --> 3:52:41.080 to thank Joe Oriana his Twitter is at Joe or 3:52:41.240 --> 3:52:44.960 Photo for his reporting which very much contributed to this series. 3:52:46.040 --> 3:52:49.200 Hey, We'll be back Monday with more episodes every week 3:52:49.240 --> 3:52:51.160 from now until the heat death of the Universe. 3:52:52.200 --> 3:52:54.680 It Could Happen Here is a production of cool Zone Media. 3:52:54.880 --> 3:52:57.960 For more podcasts from cool Zone Media, visit our website 3:52:58.000 --> 3:53:01.560 coolzonmedia dot com, or check us out on the iHeartRadio app, 3:53:01.640 --> 3:53:03.520 Apple Podcasts, or wherever you. 3:53:03.520 --> 3:53:04.640 Listen to podcasts. 3:53:04.960 --> 3:53:06.920 You can now find sources for it Could Happen Here, 3:53:06.920 --> 3:53:09.920 listed directly in episode descriptions. Thanks for listening.