1 00:00:08,840 --> 00:00:10,960 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Savor Protection of I Heeart Radio. 2 00:00:11,039 --> 00:00:13,600 Speaker 1: I'm Annie Reese and I'm Lauren Vogelbaum, and today we 3 00:00:13,640 --> 00:00:19,599 Speaker 1: have an episode for you about rice cookers. Yes, so 4 00:00:20,040 --> 00:00:24,320 Speaker 1: it's it's well known to listeners. I'm afraid of cooking rice. 5 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:28,400 Speaker 1: And in fact, I just received a message from a 6 00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:30,240 Speaker 1: listener about how to cook rice. And I love you 7 00:00:30,480 --> 00:00:32,560 Speaker 1: very You're very very kind to me, and I really 8 00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:34,320 Speaker 1: love it. How many people have written and been like, 9 00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:40,440 Speaker 1: it's okay, Annie, here's um. But I did actually recently 10 00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:46,519 Speaker 1: inherit a rice cooker, and I am too afraid to 11 00:00:46,600 --> 00:00:50,120 Speaker 1: use it. It's supposed to be very easy. I'm actually 12 00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:51,960 Speaker 1: I cooked rice the other day and I looked at 13 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:54,120 Speaker 1: the rice cooker. I had done the research for this, 14 00:00:54,160 --> 00:01:00,560 Speaker 1: and I was like, nope, not today. Well okay, okay, Well, 15 00:01:00,720 --> 00:01:03,600 Speaker 1: what what kind of race cooker is it? It's a 16 00:01:04,520 --> 00:01:08,200 Speaker 1: I think it's an instant pot. Actually, oh okay, all right, 17 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:10,440 Speaker 1: I'm a little scared of those two. I've just never 18 00:01:10,520 --> 00:01:14,240 Speaker 1: used one, so I don't know. It's the unknown that, yeah, exactly. 19 00:01:15,080 --> 00:01:16,840 Speaker 1: And I don't have the book because I got it 20 00:01:16,840 --> 00:01:19,080 Speaker 1: from somebody. I don't have the instruction. Well, you can 21 00:01:19,160 --> 00:01:21,680 Speaker 1: look that up on the internet. Annie. I did look 22 00:01:21,680 --> 00:01:26,119 Speaker 1: it up, and I'm still all right, that's all right, 23 00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:28,479 Speaker 1: that's hey, no, no no, no, new things are scary. That 24 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:31,600 Speaker 1: changes here, that's I get it. I get it. Um. 25 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:34,800 Speaker 1: And also, I'm so sorry that I've made you do 26 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:39,200 Speaker 1: two episodes about things you fear in the same week. Yes, 27 00:01:39,680 --> 00:01:43,560 Speaker 1: you're trying to make me up a mental breakdown or okay, 28 00:01:43,840 --> 00:01:47,800 Speaker 1: this is my long con. Yeah, this is actually some 29 00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:55,600 Speaker 1: kind of weird airventioned therapy breakdown situation. Yeah. Yeah, I'm like, 30 00:01:55,720 --> 00:01:58,040 Speaker 1: all right, what what can we work on next week? 31 00:01:58,120 --> 00:02:02,680 Speaker 1: Let's work on you. I'm the subject of some strange 32 00:02:02,840 --> 00:02:09,760 Speaker 1: podcast I'm not aware of. I was telling you I 33 00:02:10,520 --> 00:02:12,239 Speaker 1: went to go visit my mom a couple of weekends ago, 34 00:02:13,120 --> 00:02:15,120 Speaker 1: and I was telling her about the rice cooker and 35 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:18,000 Speaker 1: how I thought the jingle at the end it was 36 00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:20,680 Speaker 1: very frightening. And she said to me in a very 37 00:02:20,720 --> 00:02:26,639 Speaker 1: fond but exasperated voice, you make everything frightening, Annie, might 38 00:02:26,680 --> 00:02:30,000 Speaker 1: be all those horror movies you watch. And I was like, yeah, 39 00:02:30,880 --> 00:02:34,240 Speaker 1: maybe it's pretty because it's pretty true. Like I feel 40 00:02:34,240 --> 00:02:38,760 Speaker 1: like about twenty percent of the time that I say something, 41 00:02:38,919 --> 00:02:41,280 Speaker 1: your immediate reaction is like, oh, that's like a horror 42 00:02:41,320 --> 00:02:45,840 Speaker 1: movie and it's nothing near horror. I'm like, I was 43 00:02:45,880 --> 00:02:54,560 Speaker 1: talking about mangoes and you're like, I know exactly, it's 44 00:02:54,600 --> 00:02:59,480 Speaker 1: about where we are. But you you do not fear 45 00:02:59,520 --> 00:03:03,639 Speaker 1: the rice. No. No, I love a rice cooker, um, 46 00:03:03,720 --> 00:03:07,480 Speaker 1: mostly because I mean I'm perfectly capable of cooking rice 47 00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:09,840 Speaker 1: on a stovetop. Um, like you kind of have to 48 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:13,400 Speaker 1: pay attention to it, which is annoying. Um. So I 49 00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:15,760 Speaker 1: love a rice cooker because like, as long as you 50 00:03:16,120 --> 00:03:18,120 Speaker 1: have like used the rice cooker a couple of times, 51 00:03:18,160 --> 00:03:20,080 Speaker 1: you know what you're dealing with. You can set it 52 00:03:20,120 --> 00:03:22,320 Speaker 1: and forget it and do everything else that you're trying 53 00:03:22,360 --> 00:03:24,359 Speaker 1: to do and come back to it when the rice 54 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:27,720 Speaker 1: is done and maybe check on it once or twice 55 00:03:27,760 --> 00:03:31,119 Speaker 1: as opposed to like twice a hec in minute. Um 56 00:03:31,280 --> 00:03:33,800 Speaker 1: and yeah, and it just and it comes out in 57 00:03:33,800 --> 00:03:36,800 Speaker 1: this rice and then you have rice. And I like rice. 58 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:41,440 Speaker 1: So this is great. It sounds great, and people love 59 00:03:41,720 --> 00:03:45,200 Speaker 1: rice cookers for all kinds of stuff that I was 60 00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:52,360 Speaker 1: really impressed with. Yeah, my googling just before we stepped 61 00:03:52,360 --> 00:03:56,520 Speaker 1: in here, um turned up that Roger Ebert like like 62 00:03:56,960 --> 00:04:01,119 Speaker 1: of Siskel and Ebert wrote a whole cookbook of just 63 00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:05,720 Speaker 1: like like recipes for what he called the pot, which 64 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:10,400 Speaker 1: is just a rice cooker. Yeah, so who knew? I know, 65 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:14,520 Speaker 1: I mean everyone I know that has one is very fond. 66 00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:18,400 Speaker 1: I just wasn't aware. I wasn't aware of how much 67 00:04:18,440 --> 00:04:21,560 Speaker 1: stuff you could do with it. I mean, at a 68 00:04:21,640 --> 00:04:24,480 Speaker 1: certain point, it's it's it's just a hot thing that 69 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:29,040 Speaker 1: you can put stuff in, so and people put all 70 00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:31,599 Speaker 1: kinds of stuff in there, very greedy. Gosh they do, 71 00:04:31,839 --> 00:04:38,200 Speaker 1: they do. But you can see our rice episode information 72 00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:42,080 Speaker 1: on that one. Also induction cooking. Yeah, yeah, that's going 73 00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:46,760 Speaker 1: to come up. Yeah, and this is one of those where, uh, 74 00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:52,960 Speaker 1: this will spawn many future episodes as well. Awesome fun 75 00:04:53,040 --> 00:05:00,160 Speaker 1: with pronunciation. Yeah, a lot of these are Japanese means, 76 00:05:00,200 --> 00:05:04,120 Speaker 1: and I can hypothetically help you a little bit. Um. 77 00:05:04,279 --> 00:05:09,760 Speaker 1: But also, my Japanese accent is really borked. My my 78 00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:15,640 Speaker 1: professor in college had an Okinawa accent by way of Boston. Um, 79 00:05:15,720 --> 00:05:19,760 Speaker 1: so I'm not sure what I sound like. I know 80 00:05:19,839 --> 00:05:22,279 Speaker 1: a listener. I'm sorry, I can't really remember who, but 81 00:05:22,320 --> 00:05:24,720 Speaker 1: hopefully you're still listening because it's very kind but rotated 82 00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:28,040 Speaker 1: and said that your Japanese accent was very southern and cute. 83 00:05:28,279 --> 00:05:32,560 Speaker 1: So well that yep that there you go, there, there 84 00:05:32,600 --> 00:05:38,480 Speaker 1: you go, So I will take it. I think it's 85 00:05:38,560 --> 00:05:45,400 Speaker 1: very sweet on your behaf All right with all of that, yeah, 86 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:49,680 Speaker 1: I guess that brings us to our question. Rice cookers. 87 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:57,240 Speaker 1: What are they? Well, a rice cooker is an electric 88 00:05:57,279 --> 00:06:01,960 Speaker 1: appliance that's meant to cook rice to perfection automatically, with 89 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:06,040 Speaker 1: very little intervention from the human cook. You just measure 90 00:06:06,080 --> 00:06:09,440 Speaker 1: in your dry rice and your water, You turn it on, 91 00:06:09,839 --> 00:06:12,600 Speaker 1: and in like half an hour or so, you've got lovely, 92 00:06:12,839 --> 00:06:17,320 Speaker 1: tender rice. Um. It's a robot that, if it could 93 00:06:17,360 --> 00:06:20,719 Speaker 1: want things, would want you to eat good rice. Uh. 94 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:23,440 Speaker 1: It's it's like a like an automatic coffee machine, but 95 00:06:23,520 --> 00:06:28,279 Speaker 1: for for rice. I love it. It sounds sweet, But 96 00:06:28,360 --> 00:06:33,200 Speaker 1: immediately I'm like, what if the AI rice cooker like 97 00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:38,920 Speaker 1: you make bad rice, only good rice? Ah? There it is, 98 00:06:39,200 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: there it is. I can't help it. I can't help it. Yeah. Yeah, well, okay, 99 00:06:50,240 --> 00:06:59,039 Speaker 1: backing away from the dystopian ai AI horror, back back 100 00:06:59,080 --> 00:07:05,800 Speaker 1: to rice. Okay, uh, okay, what when you're when you're 101 00:07:05,839 --> 00:07:11,360 Speaker 1: cooking plain rice, what you're usually doing is boiling dried 102 00:07:11,480 --> 00:07:15,680 Speaker 1: rice grains in water like like equal parts to twice 103 00:07:15,720 --> 00:07:17,960 Speaker 1: as much water by volume, depending on the type of 104 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:22,480 Speaker 1: rice you're talking about. Um. The rice is done when 105 00:07:22,680 --> 00:07:26,320 Speaker 1: all of the water has absorbed into the rice and 106 00:07:26,600 --> 00:07:31,120 Speaker 1: or steamed off, and the grains are whatever degree of 107 00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:34,560 Speaker 1: tender you're looking for. Um. It is ideal if you 108 00:07:34,600 --> 00:07:37,360 Speaker 1: can do this without like melting a layer of rice 109 00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:42,720 Speaker 1: into a sticky, burnt mass at the bottom of the pot. Yes, 110 00:07:43,920 --> 00:07:48,240 Speaker 1: And there are a few ways to accomplish this automatically. Um. 111 00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:51,320 Speaker 1: All are going to start with an electric heating element 112 00:07:51,720 --> 00:07:55,440 Speaker 1: set into a base that can also hold a cooking pot. Uh. 113 00:07:55,480 --> 00:07:58,440 Speaker 1: You add rice and water to the pot you cover 114 00:07:58,600 --> 00:08:01,800 Speaker 1: with the included lid. Um, the heating element heats the pot, 115 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:05,680 Speaker 1: which boils the water. But how does it know when 116 00:08:05,720 --> 00:08:18,240 Speaker 1: it's done? Yes? Exactly, Oh okay, how does it know? Yes, 117 00:08:18,520 --> 00:08:21,880 Speaker 1: this has turned into like one of those investigative shows 118 00:08:21,880 --> 00:08:23,920 Speaker 1: I used to watch when I was a kid. But 119 00:08:23,960 --> 00:08:29,400 Speaker 1: how did they know? This is not unsolved mysteries? This 120 00:08:29,480 --> 00:08:32,920 Speaker 1: is just rice cookers. It's not It's an unsolved mystery 121 00:08:32,920 --> 00:08:36,240 Speaker 1: to me. So okay, alright, alright, well let's get into it. Okay, alright, 122 00:08:36,440 --> 00:08:40,960 Speaker 1: UM the classic technology, the least expensive, the type I've 123 00:08:40,960 --> 00:08:44,959 Speaker 1: got in my kitchen. UM operates on a simple heat 124 00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:50,839 Speaker 1: sensitive magnetized switch. Okay, uh. You turn this type of 125 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:53,640 Speaker 1: rice cooker on by pressing down a switch on the 126 00:08:53,720 --> 00:08:56,960 Speaker 1: outside of the unit, and when you do, you'll hear 127 00:08:57,120 --> 00:09:01,400 Speaker 1: like this little clunk. UM. That's because the switch is 128 00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:04,920 Speaker 1: connected to a lever that brings to UM. A lever 129 00:09:05,040 --> 00:09:09,080 Speaker 1: or spring depending on that brings to conducive surfaces in 130 00:09:09,200 --> 00:09:13,240 Speaker 1: contact with each other, completing an electrical circuit and thus 131 00:09:13,320 --> 00:09:17,720 Speaker 1: powering the heating element. UM. The circuit stays closed because 132 00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:22,640 Speaker 1: the two surfaces are magnetic, but one surface, the upper 133 00:09:22,679 --> 00:09:25,640 Speaker 1: surface of the pair, is made of a material that's 134 00:09:25,679 --> 00:09:29,040 Speaker 1: only magnetic up to like a hundred to a hundred 135 00:09:29,040 --> 00:09:32,880 Speaker 1: and two degrees celsius, like right above to twelve fahrenheit. 136 00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:36,520 Speaker 1: And that's the boiling point of water. Uh. And that's 137 00:09:36,559 --> 00:09:40,040 Speaker 1: important because okay, so um, as the rice is cooking 138 00:09:40,440 --> 00:09:44,040 Speaker 1: because water boils at a hundred celsius and won't go 139 00:09:44,160 --> 00:09:49,040 Speaker 1: above that temperature at like normal earth pressure, the temperature 140 00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:51,920 Speaker 1: at the bottom of the pot holds steady at a hundred. 141 00:09:52,480 --> 00:09:55,000 Speaker 1: The temperature is in check thanks to the presence of 142 00:09:55,040 --> 00:09:57,840 Speaker 1: the water. But when all of the water is absorbed 143 00:09:57,880 --> 00:10:00,600 Speaker 1: in or boiled off, the heating element can get to 144 00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:04,280 Speaker 1: work on the pot and the rice itself, which can 145 00:10:04,280 --> 00:10:08,040 Speaker 1: get considerably hotter at normal Earth pressure. So the temperature 146 00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:11,280 Speaker 1: at the bottom of the pan leaps up, at which 147 00:10:11,320 --> 00:10:16,200 Speaker 1: point our temporary magnet stops being magnetic and drops the 148 00:10:16,240 --> 00:10:18,959 Speaker 1: other half of the pair, breaking the circuit and turning 149 00:10:19,000 --> 00:10:23,400 Speaker 1: the heating element off with another little clunk. Okay, that's 150 00:10:23,400 --> 00:10:28,800 Speaker 1: pretty cool. That's pretty cool, right, yeah, but not too scary. 151 00:10:29,280 --> 00:10:33,760 Speaker 1: Pretty red, pretty red, okay, okay, alright, So that's the 152 00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:37,839 Speaker 1: cooking function. What about the warming function? All right? This 153 00:10:37,880 --> 00:10:40,760 Speaker 1: one works thanks to another type of heat sensitive switch 154 00:10:40,960 --> 00:10:44,200 Speaker 1: called a bimetal switch. UM. A bimetal switch is a 155 00:10:44,200 --> 00:10:46,040 Speaker 1: type of switch that's made up of two types of 156 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:51,080 Speaker 1: metal sandwiched together. Makes sense, yeah, Um. Each of these 157 00:10:51,080 --> 00:10:54,840 Speaker 1: two types is chosen because they're bendable and because they 158 00:10:54,920 --> 00:10:59,880 Speaker 1: expand at different rates when exposed to heat, So the 159 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,600 Speaker 1: switch will start out flat, but will bend one way 160 00:11:02,679 --> 00:11:05,760 Speaker 1: or the other at different temperatures because the metals are 161 00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:10,000 Speaker 1: expanding or shrinking at different rates. Um. And you can 162 00:11:10,080 --> 00:11:13,480 Speaker 1: use this property to connect and disconnect a circuit at 163 00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:16,000 Speaker 1: different temperatures UM. In the case of our rice cooker, 164 00:11:16,400 --> 00:11:19,720 Speaker 1: at around sixty celsius or like a D forty fahrenheit, 165 00:11:19,800 --> 00:11:22,319 Speaker 1: which is fairly cool UM, this s which will bend 166 00:11:22,440 --> 00:11:26,080 Speaker 1: and connect the circuit, turning the heating element on. But 167 00:11:26,280 --> 00:11:31,120 Speaker 1: at around eighty celsius or one five fahrenheit, fairly hot. Uh, 168 00:11:31,160 --> 00:11:33,680 Speaker 1: the switch will bend the other way, breaking the circuit 169 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:37,360 Speaker 1: and turning the element off. And it will keep toggling, 170 00:11:37,679 --> 00:11:40,720 Speaker 1: holding the temperature of the pot nice and warm until 171 00:11:40,840 --> 00:11:48,679 Speaker 1: you unplug the unit. Okay, yeah, that's pretty cool. I 172 00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:51,080 Speaker 1: get we. I found so many essays of it you 173 00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:54,959 Speaker 1: did to Lauren, of people just like waxing poetic about 174 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:57,480 Speaker 1: their love of their rice cooker that they might have 175 00:11:57,559 --> 00:12:02,840 Speaker 1: named um and has passed on. And I was like, oh, 176 00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:07,640 Speaker 1: I didn't I didn't find any of those. Uh. In fact, 177 00:12:07,679 --> 00:12:10,160 Speaker 1: I found it relatively difficult to to get to the 178 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:14,080 Speaker 1: bottom of this direct explanation. Like I wound up. I 179 00:12:14,080 --> 00:12:18,120 Speaker 1: wound up trying to read schematics that are all in Chinese. 180 00:12:19,440 --> 00:12:23,160 Speaker 1: A lot of them were translated into English and very well. UM. 181 00:12:23,200 --> 00:12:25,800 Speaker 1: But like all of the all of the diagrams were 182 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:27,960 Speaker 1: in Chinese, and I was like, oh, I think that's 183 00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:30,240 Speaker 1: what they're talking about, but it's hard to tell. Hard 184 00:12:30,280 --> 00:12:33,400 Speaker 1: to tell. Yeah, well, I mean I was mostly reading 185 00:12:33,440 --> 00:12:37,840 Speaker 1: about like college students who were they loved their rice 186 00:12:37,840 --> 00:12:44,240 Speaker 1: cooker and wanted to write about it. So yeah, um, well, 187 00:12:44,920 --> 00:12:50,880 Speaker 1: of course we humans are not confined to manual physical 188 00:12:51,000 --> 00:12:58,400 Speaker 1: switches anymore. We have digital switches. Yes, not still not scary. 189 00:12:58,400 --> 00:13:03,520 Speaker 1: It's okay, all right, come back, come back, all right. Uh. 190 00:13:03,840 --> 00:13:07,360 Speaker 1: Digital rice cookers contain digital thermometers that are connected to 191 00:13:07,440 --> 00:13:10,199 Speaker 1: like a real simple computer that can be programmed at 192 00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:12,160 Speaker 1: the touch of a few buttons on the outside of 193 00:13:12,160 --> 00:13:14,760 Speaker 1: the unit to uh, to heat or warm the pot, 194 00:13:14,880 --> 00:13:19,240 Speaker 1: to particular temperature settings for particular lengths of time, like 195 00:13:19,320 --> 00:13:23,800 Speaker 1: the way that we use standard microwaves. Yeah. Um, okay, 196 00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:27,080 Speaker 1: but if you're gonna go ahead and put a computer 197 00:13:27,320 --> 00:13:29,880 Speaker 1: into a rice cooker, why not ask it to do 198 00:13:29,920 --> 00:13:36,640 Speaker 1: a little bit more work for you? Yeah? Yeah, yeah. 199 00:13:36,679 --> 00:13:45,280 Speaker 1: I feel like I'm on an emotional roller coast. This 200 00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:49,800 Speaker 1: isn't skya, don't worry. Uh, And now I'm immediately more 201 00:13:49,840 --> 00:13:53,920 Speaker 1: worried than I was before. Alright, no, no, no, no, no, no, 202 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:57,800 Speaker 1: it's it's cool. Uh, rice cookers. It turns out we're 203 00:13:57,800 --> 00:14:00,560 Speaker 1: one of the first home appliances to make use of 204 00:14:00,600 --> 00:14:06,640 Speaker 1: the theory of fuzzy logic. Oh yeah, So fuzzy logic 205 00:14:06,920 --> 00:14:10,960 Speaker 1: is sort of what it sounds like. Okay, Uh, it's 206 00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:16,960 Speaker 1: like logic with variables. Yeah. Digital devices operate on boolean 207 00:14:17,040 --> 00:14:22,200 Speaker 1: logic ones and zeros on or off, yes or no. Yeah. Um. 208 00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:25,600 Speaker 1: Fuzzy logic opens up the field of answers to all 209 00:14:25,640 --> 00:14:29,240 Speaker 1: of the numbers in between one and zero, like almost yes, 210 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:34,520 Speaker 1: sort of, no, slightly yes. Um. It lets you program 211 00:14:34,560 --> 00:14:39,400 Speaker 1: algorithms to take variables into consideration, um, like not just 212 00:14:39,640 --> 00:14:43,640 Speaker 1: is it hot, but is it getting hotter quickly? Um, 213 00:14:43,720 --> 00:14:45,880 Speaker 1: and then make a decision about how to control the 214 00:14:45,920 --> 00:14:50,160 Speaker 1: temperature in that way. Um. The idea is that these 215 00:14:50,200 --> 00:14:53,880 Speaker 1: machines can adjust for the actual circumstances that are occurring 216 00:14:54,040 --> 00:14:57,120 Speaker 1: in real time, like maybe ambient pressure is making the 217 00:14:57,160 --> 00:14:59,800 Speaker 1: cooking go faster, maybe you added too much water U, 218 00:15:00,280 --> 00:15:03,600 Speaker 1: and the machine can adjust for that based on its 219 00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:08,680 Speaker 1: readings um, and cook the rice perfectly regardless. Yeah. It's 220 00:15:08,720 --> 00:15:14,200 Speaker 1: basically like trying to adjust a human error yeah yeah, yeah, 221 00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:19,000 Speaker 1: and and dealing with dealing with what's actually happening more 222 00:15:19,040 --> 00:15:22,480 Speaker 1: in the way that a human would. Yes, and one note, 223 00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:25,960 Speaker 1: I learned all about boolean logic because I know if 224 00:15:25,960 --> 00:15:28,840 Speaker 1: you've ever played mass effects. But in the third one 225 00:15:29,400 --> 00:15:31,720 Speaker 1: there was a particular death I was very unhappy with. 226 00:15:31,800 --> 00:15:39,440 Speaker 1: So I went into the code and just changed the 227 00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:44,840 Speaker 1: you've made that's hilarious, all right, I feel pretty good 228 00:15:44,840 --> 00:15:54,240 Speaker 1: about it. Well there, yeah, as well, you should thank you, okay, okay. 229 00:15:54,360 --> 00:15:57,840 Speaker 1: So um, So those are the technologies that that direct 230 00:15:58,720 --> 00:16:02,960 Speaker 1: how the temperature controls work. But of course there are 231 00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:07,960 Speaker 1: also different technologies available, uh for for making things hot 232 00:16:08,480 --> 00:16:11,920 Speaker 1: than just plain old electric heating element UM, such as 233 00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:16,720 Speaker 1: induction cookers and pressure cookers. UH. Induction rice cookers work 234 00:16:16,720 --> 00:16:20,440 Speaker 1: off of induction technology, heating the pot directly instead of 235 00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:23,440 Speaker 1: an element beneath the pot that then heats the pot. Yeah, 236 00:16:23,840 --> 00:16:27,000 Speaker 1: um cr induction episode for more on that UM, and 237 00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:31,440 Speaker 1: can thus offer a better control over the temperature and pressure. 238 00:16:31,520 --> 00:16:35,080 Speaker 1: Rice cookers UM seal and pressurize their contents to allow 239 00:16:35,160 --> 00:16:38,920 Speaker 1: for faster cooking times and hotter temperatures. Pressure cooking is 240 00:16:38,960 --> 00:16:43,840 Speaker 1: a whole other episode, UM for sure, for sure for sure, yes, 241 00:16:45,120 --> 00:16:49,640 Speaker 1: uh so, depending on all of these different technologies, and features. 242 00:16:49,720 --> 00:16:53,160 Speaker 1: You can get a pressure cooker for like under thirty 243 00:16:53,160 --> 00:16:58,760 Speaker 1: bucks or over five d um. Yeah yeah, what what 244 00:16:58,840 --> 00:17:01,040 Speaker 1: on earth? You may be asking? Does a rice cooker 245 00:17:01,400 --> 00:17:07,320 Speaker 1: do that costs five? Um? Well? Um. One from Zojadusium 246 00:17:07,480 --> 00:17:11,840 Speaker 1: has settings for white rice of varying textures like do 247 00:17:11,880 --> 00:17:13,800 Speaker 1: you want it do you want it soft? Do you 248 00:17:13,840 --> 00:17:15,879 Speaker 1: want it firm? Do you want it sticky? Do you 249 00:17:15,880 --> 00:17:20,000 Speaker 1: want it dry? Um, savory rices, sweet or sushi rices, 250 00:17:20,200 --> 00:17:24,359 Speaker 1: jasmine rice, brown rice, germinated brown rice, mixed types of rices, 251 00:17:24,600 --> 00:17:29,440 Speaker 1: coongi steel cut oats, rapid cooking, automatic or extended warming, 252 00:17:29,760 --> 00:17:36,880 Speaker 1: and a reheat function. All right, pretty impressive. O there 253 00:17:37,080 --> 00:17:39,119 Speaker 1: and there you can you can get rice cookers. It 254 00:17:39,160 --> 00:17:42,119 Speaker 1: will do all kinds of things. Um. Other features from 255 00:17:42,200 --> 00:17:46,720 Speaker 1: various machines include um steaming other foods than rice, UM 256 00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:51,679 Speaker 1: cake baking option, auto cleaning UM and delayed timers that 257 00:17:51,720 --> 00:17:53,800 Speaker 1: you can pre set your machine to start cooking at 258 00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:57,520 Speaker 1: like a particular time. Now, this might actually be useful 259 00:17:57,560 --> 00:18:02,320 Speaker 1: for me because my oven sucks. I can't control the 260 00:18:02,359 --> 00:18:06,840 Speaker 1: temperature in there. That that's the most technical term. Yeah, yeah, 261 00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:09,600 Speaker 1: and so I I recently was trying to cook a 262 00:18:09,600 --> 00:18:14,679 Speaker 1: whole chicken because I knew my oven would not not work. 263 00:18:15,720 --> 00:18:17,639 Speaker 1: I tried to cook it in the instant pot, but 264 00:18:17,680 --> 00:18:24,560 Speaker 1: it wouldn't fit there. So there I should I should explore. Okay, Okay, yes, 265 00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:26,639 Speaker 1: this might be a good solution for me, is what 266 00:18:26,680 --> 00:18:33,240 Speaker 1: I'm trying to say. Yeah, absolutely, uh And oh one 267 00:18:33,359 --> 00:18:36,480 Speaker 1: one other feature. Okay, so what if you do want 268 00:18:36,840 --> 00:18:39,840 Speaker 1: a layer of crisp, golden brown rice at the bottom 269 00:18:39,880 --> 00:18:43,640 Speaker 1: of your pot. There are rice cookers for that too. Um. 270 00:18:43,760 --> 00:18:45,800 Speaker 1: The models that I've seen are referred to as Persian 271 00:18:46,240 --> 00:18:49,199 Speaker 1: rice cookers. Um that that golden crust on rice is 272 00:18:49,240 --> 00:18:53,560 Speaker 1: popular in Iranian cuisine. So after the main cooking is done, 273 00:18:53,640 --> 00:18:57,159 Speaker 1: a timer will hold the non stick pot to the 274 00:18:57,160 --> 00:19:00,760 Speaker 1: heat long enough to just crisp the bottom, adding vegetable 275 00:19:00,760 --> 00:19:02,640 Speaker 1: oil as part of the recipe and helps with the process. 276 00:19:02,720 --> 00:19:06,240 Speaker 1: But yeah, um uh. And apparently Iran was one of 277 00:19:06,280 --> 00:19:10,320 Speaker 1: the places that this uh one Hong Kong distributor started 278 00:19:10,359 --> 00:19:15,200 Speaker 1: working with pretty early on in um in rice cooker history, yes, 279 00:19:15,280 --> 00:19:21,960 Speaker 1: which we will talk about we will not yet, yeah yeah, 280 00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:25,000 Speaker 1: but but right, yeah, this, this, as we've been talking about, 281 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:27,040 Speaker 1: this is not all that rice cookers can do because 282 00:19:27,040 --> 00:19:28,879 Speaker 1: at a certain point, right it's just a hot pad 283 00:19:29,200 --> 00:19:31,560 Speaker 1: with a fitted pot. Um. So anything that you want 284 00:19:31,560 --> 00:19:34,520 Speaker 1: to warm, warm up or cook, especially anything with a 285 00:19:34,520 --> 00:19:36,600 Speaker 1: lot of liquid can be done in a rice cooker 286 00:19:36,720 --> 00:19:39,240 Speaker 1: with enough tenacity. Um. There are recipes out there for 287 00:19:39,280 --> 00:19:42,400 Speaker 1: like poached fruit, for like hard boiled eggs, for soups, 288 00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:47,199 Speaker 1: all kinds of things, all kinds of stuff. Well a 289 00:19:47,240 --> 00:19:52,720 Speaker 1: lot about the nutrition. Don't eat. Don't eat home appliances. Again. 290 00:19:53,720 --> 00:19:59,439 Speaker 1: I know there's somebody some superhero slash villain slash super 291 00:19:59,560 --> 00:20:05,720 Speaker 1: robot transformer situation where they probably do eat rice cookers, 292 00:20:05,760 --> 00:20:10,359 Speaker 1: but um, yeah, you you should not unless year that 293 00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:16,880 Speaker 1: unless you're that robot. And if you are, Hello, yeah, hi, welcome, 294 00:20:17,240 --> 00:20:22,120 Speaker 1: welcome to the podcast. We please don't eat my home appliances, 295 00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:29,840 Speaker 1: not using them, not ours particularly. Yeah. Uh, this is 296 00:20:29,840 --> 00:20:32,359 Speaker 1: reminding me of a browsing conversation we had about The 297 00:20:32,359 --> 00:20:38,159 Speaker 1: Brave Little Toaster the other day. Yeah, that movie hoofta exactly. 298 00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:43,480 Speaker 1: But anyway, yes, emails, if you so desire, Uh, we 299 00:20:43,600 --> 00:20:47,560 Speaker 1: do have some numbers for you. Uh huh. Um. As 300 00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:52,960 Speaker 1: of the global rice cooker market was valued at three 301 00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:56,080 Speaker 1: point two billion dollars or more. I saw a couple 302 00:20:56,080 --> 00:20:59,760 Speaker 1: of numbers up to like five ish billion dollars anyway. Um. 303 00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:02,439 Speaker 1: According to that report, though, about two thirds of the 304 00:21:02,520 --> 00:21:06,199 Speaker 1: units sold that year were household appliances as opposed to 305 00:21:06,280 --> 00:21:11,639 Speaker 1: commercial appliances. UM. That same year, a different report stated 306 00:21:11,680 --> 00:21:19,520 Speaker 1: that over a hundred and thirty four million units were produced. Wow. Um, 307 00:21:19,520 --> 00:21:22,640 Speaker 1: but yeah, it's a big business. Um. Just for example, 308 00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:28,280 Speaker 1: the Chinese electronics manufacturing giant um Media group. I've never 309 00:21:28,280 --> 00:21:31,200 Speaker 1: heard it out loud. Um, it looks like media. Sure 310 00:21:31,720 --> 00:21:35,359 Speaker 1: they buy some two hundred metric tons of rice every 311 00:21:35,440 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 1: year just for like rice cooker research. Wow. Yeah, And 312 00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:43,439 Speaker 1: that's been a pretty common thread throughout the history. A 313 00:21:43,480 --> 00:21:47,879 Speaker 1: lot of experimentation around the rice cooker. Oh absolutely, and 314 00:21:47,920 --> 00:21:49,560 Speaker 1: we are going to get into that as soon as 315 00:21:49,560 --> 00:21:51,160 Speaker 1: we get back from a quick break. For a word 316 00:21:51,160 --> 00:22:02,720 Speaker 1: from our sponsors, and we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes, 317 00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:06,879 Speaker 1: thank you so yes. As discussed in our rice episode, 318 00:22:07,240 --> 00:22:10,440 Speaker 1: rice has long been a very important staple too much 319 00:22:10,440 --> 00:22:13,760 Speaker 1: of the world and still is today. Um. So that 320 00:22:13,800 --> 00:22:16,760 Speaker 1: means that cooking rice has long been very important too, 321 00:22:16,920 --> 00:22:21,440 Speaker 1: and historically it hasn't been the easiest thing to cook. Um. 322 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:24,240 Speaker 1: For instance, in Japan, rice was traditionally cooked on a 323 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:27,320 Speaker 1: large stove that was set up in the corner of 324 00:22:27,359 --> 00:22:31,560 Speaker 1: the kitchen yeah called a model um These are typically 325 00:22:31,760 --> 00:22:35,000 Speaker 1: um box shaped stoves that direct heat to the to 326 00:22:35,320 --> 00:22:38,560 Speaker 1: the bottom of an iron pot. Right. And in order 327 00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:41,440 Speaker 1: to boil and cook rice, a person, typically a woman, 328 00:22:41,640 --> 00:22:45,119 Speaker 1: would first have to gather wood, start a fire, place 329 00:22:45,240 --> 00:22:47,520 Speaker 1: the pot with the water and rice over the fire, 330 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:50,760 Speaker 1: and then watch as the rice cooked. Since fires can 331 00:22:50,760 --> 00:22:55,119 Speaker 1: be very temperamental, yeah, and the ideal temperatures um for 332 00:22:55,320 --> 00:22:58,920 Speaker 1: cooking very during different parts of the rice cooking process. 333 00:22:59,640 --> 00:23:03,160 Speaker 1: Because as of this, people have been trying to improve 334 00:23:03,320 --> 00:23:05,520 Speaker 1: the process of cooking rice for a long time, and 335 00:23:05,560 --> 00:23:09,439 Speaker 1: particularly perhaps in Japan. Uh and the history of the 336 00:23:09,480 --> 00:23:12,880 Speaker 1: rice cooker in Japan specifically really begins in the nineteen twenties. 337 00:23:13,200 --> 00:23:17,440 Speaker 1: Mitsubushi Electric launched a very simple industrial rice cooker in 338 00:23:17,520 --> 00:23:20,440 Speaker 1: nineteen twenties three, and in the thirties the Japanese military 339 00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:23,400 Speaker 1: utilized a multi cooker in the field, but it would 340 00:23:23,440 --> 00:23:26,840 Speaker 1: be a few decades before the home rice cooker became 341 00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:30,480 Speaker 1: a reality. So when World War Two ended in nineteen 342 00:23:30,520 --> 00:23:34,520 Speaker 1: forty five, a Japanese man named Matsuru Ibuka opened a 343 00:23:34,600 --> 00:23:39,120 Speaker 1: radio shop in an old department stores, abandoned telephone switchboard room. 344 00:23:39,160 --> 00:23:41,119 Speaker 1: I love this, I know, I love it too, And 345 00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:44,200 Speaker 1: often the payment he received for fixing a customer's radio 346 00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:48,639 Speaker 1: was uncooked rice like perhaps attempted to cook but not cooked, 347 00:23:48,760 --> 00:23:53,840 Speaker 1: or entirely uncooked. Um. Either way, Ibuka was already interested 348 00:23:53,920 --> 00:23:56,760 Speaker 1: inventing an appliance for the millions of homes with electricity, 349 00:23:57,160 --> 00:24:00,920 Speaker 1: and this inspired him to invent an electric rice cooker. Uh. 350 00:24:00,960 --> 00:24:05,360 Speaker 1: And it was basically a wooden bucket outfitted with aluminum electrodes, 351 00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:08,320 Speaker 1: and you can find pictures of it. However, the quality 352 00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:12,800 Speaker 1: of the rice that this product made was often undercooked 353 00:24:12,880 --> 00:24:16,359 Speaker 1: or overcooks. UM. It wasn't consistent at all because of 354 00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:20,520 Speaker 1: things like unregulated electrical currents, the type of rice used, 355 00:24:20,760 --> 00:24:23,000 Speaker 1: and how much water was used, like the quality of 356 00:24:23,080 --> 00:24:26,040 Speaker 1: rice really mattered. Um. It was viewed as a failure 357 00:24:26,320 --> 00:24:29,560 Speaker 1: and it was never released in the market. Years later, though, 358 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:33,120 Speaker 1: Ibuka renamed his company to Sony and Sony. I think 359 00:24:33,160 --> 00:24:36,600 Speaker 1: at their their museum they have this rice cooker that 360 00:24:36,640 --> 00:24:40,879 Speaker 1: you can look cool? I know, right uh. A few 361 00:24:40,960 --> 00:24:45,080 Speaker 1: years later, as salesman from Toshiba named Shogo Yamada went 362 00:24:45,119 --> 00:24:49,480 Speaker 1: around Japan promoting the company's electric washing machines, and also 363 00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:52,320 Speaker 1: at the same time surveying women about what would improve 364 00:24:52,359 --> 00:24:55,080 Speaker 1: their lives and make their lives easier. One of the 365 00:24:55,119 --> 00:24:57,720 Speaker 1: things he discovered was that the women, a lot of 366 00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:01,720 Speaker 1: the women reported spending a about three hours a day 367 00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:05,640 Speaker 1: making rice. Um. Yeah, So he took these findings back 368 00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:10,080 Speaker 1: to Toshiba and tasked an engineer named Yoshitata Minami with 369 00:25:10,200 --> 00:25:13,280 Speaker 1: coming up with a solution. Uh. And he passed the 370 00:25:13,280 --> 00:25:18,560 Speaker 1: project onto his wife, Fumiko, because rice was quote women's work. Um. 371 00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:21,320 Speaker 1: And because it was women's work, it wasn't a priority 372 00:25:21,359 --> 00:25:24,959 Speaker 1: at the company, because it's mostly men running these big companies. 373 00:25:24,960 --> 00:25:27,520 Speaker 1: And in fact, there was even a belief that a 374 00:25:27,560 --> 00:25:31,240 Speaker 1: woman looking to get more sleep by saving time from 375 00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:33,600 Speaker 1: finding a better way to cook rice was a quote 376 00:25:33,640 --> 00:25:41,879 Speaker 1: failed housewife. Well I know who madness. However, Uh, just 377 00:25:41,920 --> 00:25:44,520 Speaker 1: because it was in priority didn't mean it went away. Uh. 378 00:25:44,600 --> 00:25:49,880 Speaker 1: And Yoshi Tata, he knew engineering, Fomiko new cooking rice. UM. 379 00:25:49,920 --> 00:25:51,840 Speaker 1: So they took out a loan to buy themselves some 380 00:25:52,040 --> 00:25:56,280 Speaker 1: time to experiment, and Fomiko studied the rice cookers that 381 00:25:56,320 --> 00:26:01,000 Speaker 1: were available, and from nifty six the couple they really 382 00:26:01,040 --> 00:26:04,399 Speaker 1: really experimented. They joined all kinds of things fumiko cooked 383 00:26:04,440 --> 00:26:06,720 Speaker 1: rice and all types of environments for example, like on 384 00:26:06,760 --> 00:26:09,720 Speaker 1: the roof and the rain, like all of these things. Yeah, 385 00:26:10,280 --> 00:26:12,879 Speaker 1: and eventually they arrived at the quote a double pot 386 00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:17,280 Speaker 1: indirect cooking method. Uh and this isn't quite what we're 387 00:26:17,359 --> 00:26:21,080 Speaker 1: used to today. Um okay, So double pot um. The 388 00:26:21,160 --> 00:26:24,640 Speaker 1: two pots in question would be nested as smaller into 389 00:26:24,680 --> 00:26:28,560 Speaker 1: the larger. You'd put rice into these smaller interior pot 390 00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:32,760 Speaker 1: and water um around it in the larger exterior pot, 391 00:26:33,160 --> 00:26:35,240 Speaker 1: put a lid over the whole thing. Heat the larger 392 00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:38,120 Speaker 1: pot that would create steam that would cook the rice 393 00:26:38,480 --> 00:26:40,960 Speaker 1: while protecting it from burning because the heat was not 394 00:26:41,080 --> 00:26:46,040 Speaker 1: directly on the rice pot. Double pot indirect. Yeah, yes, 395 00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:52,200 Speaker 1: pretty cool. In six the company released the electric rice 396 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:55,720 Speaker 1: cooker in Japan. At first, the price point was a 397 00:26:55,720 --> 00:26:57,920 Speaker 1: hard sell for a lot of women, but Yamato once 398 00:26:57,960 --> 00:27:01,320 Speaker 1: again traveled around demowing the product, and when he would 399 00:27:01,320 --> 00:27:04,840 Speaker 1: show that not only could it would it save massive 400 00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:07,760 Speaker 1: amounts of time cooking rice, it could also be used 401 00:27:07,920 --> 00:27:11,240 Speaker 1: to cook a popular but difficult rice dish called tachycomi 402 00:27:11,280 --> 00:27:15,520 Speaker 1: gohan that often burned. And after that, these rice cookers 403 00:27:15,520 --> 00:27:19,159 Speaker 1: started selling pretty fast. Uh. Yeah. Takey, called by Gohan 404 00:27:19,400 --> 00:27:23,440 Speaker 1: is a dish where rice is cooked along with stuff 405 00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:27,719 Speaker 1: like vegetables or mushrooms or proteins, plus a broth and 406 00:27:27,920 --> 00:27:31,520 Speaker 1: or sauce kind of situation. Um, instead of steaming the 407 00:27:31,640 --> 00:27:35,119 Speaker 1: rice separately from the other cooked items. Um. So it 408 00:27:35,119 --> 00:27:39,160 Speaker 1: can be right, a little bit trickier anyway, yes. Uh. 409 00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:41,359 Speaker 1: And by the next year after it come out, to 410 00:27:41,400 --> 00:27:45,520 Speaker 1: Sheba was producing a monthly two hundred thousand rice cookers. Yeah. 411 00:27:45,920 --> 00:27:48,199 Speaker 1: And it changed the lives of numerous women, something to 412 00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:52,360 Speaker 1: Sheba really leaned into. And they're advertising promising to liberate 413 00:27:52,359 --> 00:27:55,760 Speaker 1: women from hours of standing and watching rice cook There's 414 00:27:55,760 --> 00:27:57,600 Speaker 1: a whole documentary on it and an essay on it 415 00:27:57,640 --> 00:28:03,280 Speaker 1: I couldn't access, but I'm very very very interested in. Um. Yeah. Anyway. 416 00:28:03,480 --> 00:28:06,959 Speaker 1: Numbers from Toshiba's site indicate that by nineteen sixty, fifty 417 00:28:07,080 --> 00:28:09,960 Speaker 1: percent of Japanese homes had a rice cooker, and that 418 00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:14,080 Speaker 1: in nineteen seventy quote total annual output had reached twelve million, 419 00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:23,960 Speaker 1: fifty thousand cookers. Wow. Yeah, yes, um and Toshiba's success 420 00:28:24,040 --> 00:28:28,000 Speaker 1: inspired a slew of competitors. The company now known as 421 00:28:28,040 --> 00:28:32,560 Speaker 1: Pana Sonic was in turmoil because they've been trying to 422 00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:34,959 Speaker 1: get a rice cooker for a while, and they they 423 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,480 Speaker 1: were like absolutely devastated that Toshiba beat them to the punch, 424 00:28:38,600 --> 00:28:45,760 Speaker 1: since home appliances was more their expertise. Yeah, um Panasonic UM, 425 00:28:45,840 --> 00:28:50,479 Speaker 1: then known as Matsushida, the then president, gave employee Tetsuno 426 00:28:50,600 --> 00:28:55,560 Speaker 1: Suke Sakamoto a brutal dressing down. Sakamoto's goal was to 427 00:28:55,680 --> 00:28:58,600 Speaker 1: find an international market for rice cookers, so this was 428 00:28:58,640 --> 00:29:01,440 Speaker 1: something he long wanted to do. This was not good 429 00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:04,800 Speaker 1: news for him, but UM he studied Tshiba's model with 430 00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:08,000 Speaker 1: a goal of surpassing it, particularly finding a way to 431 00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:12,960 Speaker 1: use less metal, resulting in a cheaper product. UM and 432 00:29:13,040 --> 00:29:16,479 Speaker 1: the company released their one pot rice cooker in nineteen 433 00:29:16,520 --> 00:29:19,880 Speaker 1: fifty six, and Sakamoto became head of the company's rice 434 00:29:19,960 --> 00:29:23,160 Speaker 1: cooker division. UH this is the type that we are 435 00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:26,040 Speaker 1: familiar with today. Water and rice in a single pot, 436 00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:30,480 Speaker 1: uses less electricity, less metal, and switches itself off when 437 00:29:30,520 --> 00:29:34,480 Speaker 1: the rice is cooked. They were exporting these two Japanese 438 00:29:34,480 --> 00:29:37,960 Speaker 1: communities in the United States a year later in ninety seven, 439 00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:42,320 Speaker 1: and in nineteen fifty nine they began exporting to Hong Kong, Yes, 440 00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:45,680 Speaker 1: which about brings us to our teaser that we had 441 00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:49,640 Speaker 1: at the Yes. So Sakamoto worked with the Hong Kong 442 00:29:49,680 --> 00:29:52,640 Speaker 1: based distributor for the company to modify their rice cooker 443 00:29:52,680 --> 00:29:54,800 Speaker 1: to make it more appealing to people in Hong Kong, 444 00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:58,280 Speaker 1: and from there realized his dream of making it international, 445 00:29:58,280 --> 00:30:01,760 Speaker 1: like you can make these little tweaks for different markets. Yeah, yeah, 446 00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:06,400 Speaker 1: and he traveled around the world introducing this product. Hong 447 00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:10,640 Speaker 1: Kong entrepreneur William Mung was really instrumental in this. He 448 00:30:11,440 --> 00:30:13,840 Speaker 1: just believed in this product, like he went door to 449 00:30:13,920 --> 00:30:18,120 Speaker 1: door with it. He solicited and really listened to customer feedback. 450 00:30:18,320 --> 00:30:23,360 Speaker 1: UM he created a legit empire built on rice cookers 451 00:30:23,360 --> 00:30:25,800 Speaker 1: worth some billion dollars by the time of his death 452 00:30:25,840 --> 00:30:30,760 Speaker 1: in UM, and Hong Kong was also just a very 453 00:30:30,840 --> 00:30:34,960 Speaker 1: strategic pick for global distribution because as a free port 454 00:30:35,480 --> 00:30:38,959 Speaker 1: they could make leaps across borders a lot easier like 455 00:30:39,160 --> 00:30:43,800 Speaker 1: China and also beyond UM. By nineteen sixty seven, they 456 00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:47,720 Speaker 1: were selling a hundred thousand units a year, and a 457 00:30:47,800 --> 00:30:51,400 Speaker 1: rice cooker from this brand called National Brand UM is 458 00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:54,840 Speaker 1: in the Smithsonians collection. I love it and that's one 459 00:30:54,840 --> 00:30:57,440 Speaker 1: of my favorite things in doing the researchers, it felt 460 00:30:57,480 --> 00:30:59,200 Speaker 1: like a lot of people had a specific brand and 461 00:30:59,320 --> 00:31:02,360 Speaker 1: it really had loyalty too. Yeah. And what I found 462 00:31:02,480 --> 00:31:05,840 Speaker 1: was the Tat Tongue steamer, which was introduced in Taiwan 463 00:31:06,040 --> 00:31:09,440 Speaker 1: in the nineteen sixties. Uh. Though it just had one switch, 464 00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:12,000 Speaker 1: it could do all kinds of things, from cooking rice 465 00:31:12,040 --> 00:31:15,200 Speaker 1: for heating foods or brazen dishes. At the time of 466 00:31:15,280 --> 00:31:18,440 Speaker 1: things like microwaves and toasters weren't super common in Taiwan, 467 00:31:18,480 --> 00:31:23,880 Speaker 1: so this steamer really was used for all kinds of stuff. Yeah. Um, 468 00:31:23,960 --> 00:31:26,240 Speaker 1: microwaves for home use didn't really hit it big in 469 00:31:26,280 --> 00:31:29,120 Speaker 1: general until like the late sixties or early seventies. Um. 470 00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:31,360 Speaker 1: That is a whole other episode that I've been avoiding. 471 00:31:32,080 --> 00:31:37,680 Speaker 1: Yep I was mentioned previously. Huh huh um. During the 472 00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:41,960 Speaker 1: nineteen seventies, though, rice cookers became more widely available in 473 00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:45,000 Speaker 1: the United States and hit it big, not just in 474 00:31:45,520 --> 00:31:50,720 Speaker 1: Asian diaspora communities, but also in African diaspora communities that 475 00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:53,959 Speaker 1: had been growing rice here for a couple of centuries already, 476 00:31:54,000 --> 00:32:00,600 Speaker 1: like in South Carolina and Louisiana. In nineteen seven d three, 477 00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:06,760 Speaker 1: another Japanese manufacturer, the aforementioned Zoji doshi Uh debut a 478 00:32:06,840 --> 00:32:10,360 Speaker 1: rice cooker with a keep warm function. Yeah yes, and 479 00:32:10,440 --> 00:32:14,440 Speaker 1: computer controlled rice cookers were introduced in nineteen nine, and 480 00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:19,160 Speaker 1: then in three Zocherushi introduced a rice cooker that became 481 00:32:19,240 --> 00:32:23,680 Speaker 1: one of the first consumer appliances to use that fuzzy logic. 482 00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:28,360 Speaker 1: Fuzzy logic. What you say, I don't know, but I'll 483 00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:30,640 Speaker 1: dry my buss No, I think I get this, okay, 484 00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:36,160 Speaker 1: um in you see Berkeley professor let Feeza A and 485 00:32:36,200 --> 00:32:40,200 Speaker 1: I hope I'm pronouncing that correctly introduced the fuzzy sets theory. 486 00:32:40,480 --> 00:32:42,760 Speaker 1: So very basically fuzzy sets theory has to do with 487 00:32:42,960 --> 00:32:46,240 Speaker 1: mathematical sets, and for most of these sets, an item 488 00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:49,680 Speaker 1: either belongs or does not belong. Like the Booleon thing 489 00:32:49,680 --> 00:32:53,080 Speaker 1: we were talking about earlier, right right, Yeah, exactly. The 490 00:32:53,160 --> 00:32:56,640 Speaker 1: fuzzy part allows for more wiggle room in that um 491 00:32:56,760 --> 00:32:59,520 Speaker 1: so working off this framework is a Day proposed fuzzy 492 00:32:59,560 --> 00:33:02,440 Speaker 1: logic in nineteen seventy three, and also very very basically 493 00:33:02,800 --> 00:33:05,680 Speaker 1: fuzzy logic. In fuzzy logic, something can belong in a 494 00:33:05,760 --> 00:33:08,920 Speaker 1: set to varying degrees. So when it comes to machines 495 00:33:08,920 --> 00:33:12,200 Speaker 1: like rice cookers, fuzzy logic introduces the human concept of 496 00:33:12,360 --> 00:33:15,360 Speaker 1: almost are are words like that in order to adjust 497 00:33:15,480 --> 00:33:20,840 Speaker 1: things like temperature? Mm hmmm, mm hmmm. It's pretty cool. Yeah. 498 00:33:21,640 --> 00:33:26,560 Speaker 1: And then induction rice cookers were introduced in nineteen mm hmm. 499 00:33:27,480 --> 00:33:31,240 Speaker 1: In the nineteen nineties, South Korea debut the pressure rice cooker. 500 00:33:31,440 --> 00:33:33,680 Speaker 1: It cooks rice to like a like a softer but 501 00:33:33,760 --> 00:33:40,080 Speaker 1: denser texture. Yeah. Um. And in the first smart rice 502 00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:45,239 Speaker 1: cooker launched from Chinese company UMDOMI uh, I think we 503 00:33:45,280 --> 00:33:48,720 Speaker 1: think sure, let's go with it. Um this this rice 504 00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:53,040 Speaker 1: cooker allowed you to adjust how the rice is cooked 505 00:33:53,480 --> 00:33:57,000 Speaker 1: using a taste curve via an app on your phone. 506 00:33:57,400 --> 00:34:00,480 Speaker 1: Like like the thing was WiFi enabled and so you 507 00:34:00,480 --> 00:34:05,320 Speaker 1: could control the cooking on your phone. Wow, the innovation continues. 508 00:34:06,280 --> 00:34:10,839 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, oh yeah, it was, and it's still 509 00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:13,319 Speaker 1: kind of it's it's still kind of competitive to like 510 00:34:13,640 --> 00:34:18,239 Speaker 1: like company to company and country to country. M it 511 00:34:18,360 --> 00:34:20,840 Speaker 1: was it was cool to read about like all the 512 00:34:20,840 --> 00:34:23,560 Speaker 1: the things companies are working on the features they're adding. 513 00:34:23,560 --> 00:34:26,000 Speaker 1: But then also I wouldn't call it backlash, but some 514 00:34:26,040 --> 00:34:29,799 Speaker 1: people are like, let's go back to basics. I like 515 00:34:29,920 --> 00:34:35,120 Speaker 1: my very simple nineteen sixty top tong or whatever it is. Yeah, yeah, 516 00:34:35,239 --> 00:34:37,000 Speaker 1: like it a certain I mean like I would certainly 517 00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:39,839 Speaker 1: be willing to try all of these fancy things out. 518 00:34:40,120 --> 00:34:43,080 Speaker 1: Um and and you know it's it's science in the kitchen. 519 00:34:43,080 --> 00:34:45,760 Speaker 1: That's great, like like see like see how it works. Um. 520 00:34:45,800 --> 00:34:48,799 Speaker 1: But but I definitely got the one that I own 521 00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:55,719 Speaker 1: for like nineteen bucks one button, two functions. Uh, you 522 00:34:55,760 --> 00:34:59,959 Speaker 1: know before before I found a good description of those 523 00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:03,239 Speaker 1: two functions, I genuinely almost took mine apart to see 524 00:35:03,239 --> 00:35:08,200 Speaker 1: how it works. It is cool, Lauren and I were 525 00:35:08,239 --> 00:35:12,480 Speaker 1: talking about this was a fun research one. Yeah. Yeah, 526 00:35:12,520 --> 00:35:16,040 Speaker 1: I really do love these technology episodes. They're they're they're 527 00:35:16,080 --> 00:35:22,120 Speaker 1: just such a such a right turn at Albuquerque from yes, 528 00:35:22,239 --> 00:35:26,799 Speaker 1: from our usual subject matter. Yes, and we would love 529 00:35:27,080 --> 00:35:31,120 Speaker 1: listeners if you have any strong preferences any rice cooker 530 00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:34,839 Speaker 1: or anything you make it there that yeah, not as 531 00:35:34,880 --> 00:35:38,120 Speaker 1: well known. That would be so great if you could 532 00:35:38,120 --> 00:35:42,240 Speaker 1: share it with us. Oh please please please yes, um, 533 00:35:42,280 --> 00:35:44,640 Speaker 1: because that that is what we have to say about 534 00:35:44,760 --> 00:35:49,279 Speaker 1: rice cookers ourselves for today. Um. We do have some 535 00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:52,239 Speaker 1: listener mail for you though, Yes we do, and we'll 536 00:35:52,239 --> 00:35:53,920 Speaker 1: get into that after a quick break. For a word 537 00:35:53,960 --> 00:36:05,640 Speaker 1: from our sponsor they we're back. Thank you, Yes, thank you, 538 00:36:05,800 --> 00:36:12,319 Speaker 1: we're back with this listener. Does he do like a 539 00:36:12,360 --> 00:36:16,560 Speaker 1: steaming thing? That's what scares me too. When I have 540 00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:19,719 Speaker 1: the rice cooker, you open up at the end and 541 00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:25,080 Speaker 1: all the steam goes out. It makes a really haunting sound. 542 00:36:26,719 --> 00:36:34,640 Speaker 1: I've never I um, I've okay, uh, well, maybe maybe 543 00:36:34,840 --> 00:36:37,920 Speaker 1: the thing is is that everything you own is haunted, 544 00:36:38,080 --> 00:36:42,200 Speaker 1: and this is why you're so terrified of everything. You're right, 545 00:36:43,360 --> 00:36:48,920 Speaker 1: You're right. I actually I think you might be because, 546 00:36:48,960 --> 00:36:52,320 Speaker 1: like I feel like everything I own doesn't work correctly, 547 00:36:53,040 --> 00:36:59,800 Speaker 1: it is slightly dangerous. Okay, yeah, you know, maybe maybe 548 00:37:00,080 --> 00:37:02,880 Speaker 1: it's you know, why didn't we listen to her like 549 00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:05,160 Speaker 1: we should have. We should have been listening to you 550 00:37:05,320 --> 00:37:08,799 Speaker 1: this whole time, like it was full of danger for 551 00:37:08,880 --> 00:37:13,400 Speaker 1: you because your devices are haunted. I would love, uh 552 00:37:13,600 --> 00:37:16,560 Speaker 1: if somebody did, like a we were just talking about 553 00:37:16,560 --> 00:37:20,319 Speaker 1: depictions of podcasters and popular media. Somebody did like a 554 00:37:20,360 --> 00:37:24,600 Speaker 1: true crime, like is Annie haunted podcasts? Or they just 555 00:37:24,680 --> 00:37:30,120 Speaker 1: dissect a random statements throughout my life and we're like, man, 556 00:37:30,320 --> 00:37:32,560 Speaker 1: the next time that there's a series of pitches for 557 00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:35,759 Speaker 1: one of these horror anthologies, I am. I mean, you 558 00:37:35,800 --> 00:37:40,920 Speaker 1: can pitch it if you want to, because it's technically you, um. 559 00:37:40,960 --> 00:37:43,799 Speaker 1: But if you don't, I'm definitely going to pitch that. 560 00:37:44,080 --> 00:37:52,440 Speaker 1: I think it would be hilarious, illuminating, terrifying, just like 561 00:37:52,480 --> 00:38:00,960 Speaker 1: this episode. You would have to voice it though. Wow, 562 00:38:01,040 --> 00:38:02,960 Speaker 1: we can get real meadow with this. I like it. 563 00:38:03,000 --> 00:38:09,280 Speaker 1: Oh my goodness. I also doesn't work in my apartment, 564 00:38:13,880 --> 00:38:17,719 Speaker 1: MICHAELA wrote, and I hope I'm pronouncing your name correctly. UM. 565 00:38:17,760 --> 00:38:20,080 Speaker 1: I was listening to your recent Espresso episode, which was 566 00:38:20,120 --> 00:38:22,319 Speaker 1: perfectly timed because a friend is taking a job in 567 00:38:22,400 --> 00:38:25,440 Speaker 1: Italy and I was sending him recommendations but also some 568 00:38:25,520 --> 00:38:28,040 Speaker 1: of the social cues and expectations that I picked up 569 00:38:28,120 --> 00:38:30,840 Speaker 1: during my study abroad in Italy. At the end, you 570 00:38:30,840 --> 00:38:33,120 Speaker 1: asked about coffee culture in Italy compared to the US 571 00:38:33,360 --> 00:38:36,320 Speaker 1: and if we've just had Starbucks imprinted in our brains. 572 00:38:36,800 --> 00:38:40,560 Speaker 1: The answer is yes, Um, I did study abroad fifteen 573 00:38:40,640 --> 00:38:43,360 Speaker 1: years ago and it was already apparent. Then me and 574 00:38:43,400 --> 00:38:45,680 Speaker 1: three others in my class all flew over on the 575 00:38:45,719 --> 00:38:48,239 Speaker 1: same flight and landed in Rome after sixteen hours of 576 00:38:48,239 --> 00:38:51,920 Speaker 1: travel from California. We needed caffeine and found a coffee shop. 577 00:38:52,200 --> 00:38:55,080 Speaker 1: My friend ordered a latte. The server asked if she 578 00:38:55,120 --> 00:38:57,759 Speaker 1: wanted it hot or cold. She said hot, because why 579 00:38:57,760 --> 00:39:02,280 Speaker 1: would you drink a cold latte. When the barista handed 580 00:39:02,320 --> 00:39:04,680 Speaker 1: her the cup, it was literally a cup of warm milk. 581 00:39:05,160 --> 00:39:07,279 Speaker 1: She was so confused at first, but then realized that 582 00:39:07,360 --> 00:39:10,319 Speaker 1: latte is the Italian word for milk and all she 583 00:39:10,360 --> 00:39:14,960 Speaker 1: had asked for. She should have asked for a cafe latte, 584 00:39:15,040 --> 00:39:17,600 Speaker 1: which is what she was expecting, because those are actual 585 00:39:17,640 --> 00:39:22,560 Speaker 1: words in Italian that means actual things. But we blame Starbucks. Um. 586 00:39:22,600 --> 00:39:24,960 Speaker 1: Italy also has very specific rules about when you can 587 00:39:25,040 --> 00:39:27,520 Speaker 1: order certain types of coffee. I remember we went out 588 00:39:27,560 --> 00:39:29,360 Speaker 1: to dinner one night and after the meal, I asked 589 00:39:29,360 --> 00:39:31,680 Speaker 1: for a cappuccino. The surper looked at me like I 590 00:39:31,760 --> 00:39:34,799 Speaker 1: was crazy and asked if I meant an espresso. No, 591 00:39:35,280 --> 00:39:38,080 Speaker 1: I wanted a cappuccino. They tried convincing me that I 592 00:39:38,080 --> 00:39:40,480 Speaker 1: should order an espresso, but that's not what I wanted. 593 00:39:41,000 --> 00:39:43,720 Speaker 1: I later learned that cappuccino is only for the morning. 594 00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:47,520 Speaker 1: Espresso is the only coffee option for after dinner. But 595 00:39:48,360 --> 00:39:50,880 Speaker 1: the Starbucks version of coffee culture, I was used to 596 00:39:50,960 --> 00:39:53,160 Speaker 1: ordering whatever was on the menu, no matter what time 597 00:39:53,160 --> 00:39:56,360 Speaker 1: of day it was. There are other little nuances to 598 00:39:56,480 --> 00:39:58,839 Speaker 1: how coffee works in Italy, and I'm pretty fascinated by 599 00:39:58,880 --> 00:40:01,560 Speaker 1: all the rules that surround didn't drink there, especially coming 600 00:40:01,560 --> 00:40:03,520 Speaker 1: from a country where you can order whatever you want, 601 00:40:03,680 --> 00:40:08,120 Speaker 1: whenever you want, in whatever size portion you want. Yeah, 602 00:40:08,360 --> 00:40:13,360 Speaker 1: that is interesting. Ah oh I love so much Trouble. 603 00:40:13,400 --> 00:40:15,600 Speaker 1: I love it too, but I would be I'd be lost. 604 00:40:16,160 --> 00:40:20,239 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah. Now I'm I'm continually terrified of Like 605 00:40:20,360 --> 00:40:22,319 Speaker 1: I feel like I'm bad at human ng in the 606 00:40:22,360 --> 00:40:24,799 Speaker 1: culture that I grew up in I exist in every 607 00:40:24,880 --> 00:40:29,480 Speaker 1: day so and like like like those little social interactions 608 00:40:29,480 --> 00:40:34,600 Speaker 1: fill me with mild terror because unlike your devices, I 609 00:40:34,640 --> 00:40:42,799 Speaker 1: am just haunted. It's just me. Um And so like 610 00:40:42,840 --> 00:40:46,480 Speaker 1: I have a genuine fear of of of of travel 611 00:40:46,719 --> 00:40:49,600 Speaker 1: because I'm like, oh, I'm gonna be extra or wrong 612 00:40:49,640 --> 00:40:57,239 Speaker 1: all the time. I feel that too. I mean, and 613 00:40:57,280 --> 00:40:59,160 Speaker 1: you try to, like I try to do the research 614 00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:00,839 Speaker 1: before I go. But there's some things you just don't 615 00:41:00,880 --> 00:41:04,919 Speaker 1: think too look up or like that no one thinks 616 00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:07,840 Speaker 1: to even tell you because it's so kind of base level, 617 00:41:08,160 --> 00:41:10,680 Speaker 1: right yeah, like not like fear is a strong word, 618 00:41:10,680 --> 00:41:16,680 Speaker 1: it's anxiety, I guess, is right, Yeah, um, but no 619 00:41:16,880 --> 00:41:22,120 Speaker 1: good good tips. Thank you. Yes, I'll know not to 620 00:41:22,280 --> 00:41:26,840 Speaker 1: order a lot unless you just want milk, unless I 621 00:41:26,880 --> 00:41:29,360 Speaker 1: just want milk, which would be a strange day for 622 00:41:29,440 --> 00:41:37,160 Speaker 1: me particularly, But yeah, but could happen? Uh, Kina wrote again, 623 00:41:37,200 --> 00:41:40,360 Speaker 1: I hope I'm pronouncing your name correctly. Um Uh. Sumac 624 00:41:40,400 --> 00:41:42,720 Speaker 1: and lemonade episodes were back to back. But what about 625 00:41:42,960 --> 00:41:46,279 Speaker 1: sumac lemonade? From what I found, you steep about a 626 00:41:46,280 --> 00:41:48,800 Speaker 1: cup of sumac in about four cups of cold water 627 00:41:49,520 --> 00:41:52,000 Speaker 1: or hot if you like um and can stop there 628 00:41:52,040 --> 00:41:55,760 Speaker 1: for sumac t You can make sumac lemonade by making 629 00:41:55,840 --> 00:41:58,279 Speaker 1: a simple syrup of even parts of sugar and water 630 00:41:58,680 --> 00:42:01,400 Speaker 1: and one and a half to three tablespoons of crushed 631 00:42:01,400 --> 00:42:05,400 Speaker 1: sumac berries mixed into water or seltzer um. I wanted 632 00:42:05,440 --> 00:42:07,680 Speaker 1: to know if our wild sumac here in the US 633 00:42:07,880 --> 00:42:10,560 Speaker 1: is the same plant as the spice used in Zatar, 634 00:42:10,920 --> 00:42:15,120 Speaker 1: and of course it's not. According to the University of Colorado, Boulder, 635 00:42:15,400 --> 00:42:18,720 Speaker 1: the US has thirty five species in the genus russ, 636 00:42:19,280 --> 00:42:24,480 Speaker 1: the most abundant being Rus glabra glabra. Sure, the Middle 637 00:42:24,480 --> 00:42:29,640 Speaker 1: Eastern spice is mainly Rus coriaria um. However, red berried 638 00:42:29,719 --> 00:42:32,920 Speaker 1: varieties native to the America's are edible, just as the 639 00:42:32,960 --> 00:42:35,800 Speaker 1: Middle Eastern varieties are. As you said on the podcast, 640 00:42:36,040 --> 00:42:39,360 Speaker 1: the white berries are on poison sumac. Don't eat those. 641 00:42:39,800 --> 00:42:42,640 Speaker 1: I've I've made sumac lemonade once a few years ago, 642 00:42:42,880 --> 00:42:45,279 Speaker 1: and I was a little squeamish because the sumac came 643 00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:49,040 Speaker 1: from outside and was dirty, and how does one wash 644 00:42:49,120 --> 00:42:52,680 Speaker 1: the berries without washing the flavorful fluff off of them. 645 00:42:52,719 --> 00:42:55,520 Speaker 1: I'm much less squeamish today and planned to try again 646 00:42:55,719 --> 00:43:01,600 Speaker 1: late this summer. That sounds delicious, It does, it does. Yeah. 647 00:43:02,560 --> 00:43:07,520 Speaker 1: That is a very popular drink um in many places 648 00:43:07,520 --> 00:43:12,200 Speaker 1: where varieties of seat grow um. And it sounds so nice, 649 00:43:12,480 --> 00:43:17,960 Speaker 1: lovely and refreshing, and it is so hot, so yeah, yes, 650 00:43:18,200 --> 00:43:22,240 Speaker 1: that sounds good. Well. Thanks to both of those listeners 651 00:43:22,320 --> 00:43:24,719 Speaker 1: for writing in. If you would like to write to us, 652 00:43:24,920 --> 00:43:27,879 Speaker 1: you can our email as hello at saber pod dot com. 653 00:43:28,080 --> 00:43:31,440 Speaker 1: We're also on social media. You can find us on Twitter, Facebook, 654 00:43:31,480 --> 00:43:34,480 Speaker 1: and Instagram at saver pod and we do hope to 655 00:43:34,520 --> 00:43:37,040 Speaker 1: hear from you. Savor is production of I Heart Radio. 656 00:43:37,200 --> 00:43:39,399 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from my Heart Radio, you can visit 657 00:43:39,400 --> 00:43:42,120 Speaker 1: the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 658 00:43:42,160 --> 00:43:44,680 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows. Thanks as always to our 659 00:43:44,719 --> 00:43:48,360 Speaker 1: superproducers Dylan Fagan and Andrew Howard. Thanks to you for listening, 660 00:43:48,400 --> 00:43:50,080 Speaker 1: and we hope that lets more good things are coming 661 00:43:50,120 --> 00:43:51,160 Speaker 1: your way.