1 00:00:00,680 --> 00:00:04,760 Speaker 1: What's up, everybody? Welcome back to another episode of Financial Harsey, 2 00:00:05,280 --> 00:00:07,280 Speaker 1: where we discuss how money works so that you can 3 00:00:07,320 --> 00:00:11,600 Speaker 1: make more, keep more, and give more. One of the 4 00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:15,920 Speaker 1: mechanisms in the plumbing of the financial system is called 5 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:21,119 Speaker 1: the repo market. Many people have no idea how the 6 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:24,360 Speaker 1: repo market works, and when they hear about it, man, 7 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:27,240 Speaker 1: it just seems like there are so many confusing things 8 00:00:27,280 --> 00:00:30,880 Speaker 1: going on inside the financial system that how are we 9 00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:35,560 Speaker 1: ever able supposed to understand all of this? And how 10 00:00:35,560 --> 00:00:38,000 Speaker 1: do we even find the information? And so what we're 11 00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:40,360 Speaker 1: gonna do here today is break down the repo market 12 00:00:40,360 --> 00:00:44,320 Speaker 1: in a way that's extremely easy to understand, because it's 13 00:00:44,400 --> 00:00:48,040 Speaker 1: important to know what these tools are that the Federal 14 00:00:48,120 --> 00:00:52,200 Speaker 1: Reserve uses in order to manipulate how much money there 15 00:00:52,320 --> 00:00:56,560 Speaker 1: is floating around in the system for financial institutions to 16 00:00:56,680 --> 00:00:59,920 Speaker 1: take advantage of. In order to understand this, we've got 17 00:00:59,920 --> 00:01:02,160 Speaker 1: to take a little bit of a trip back in 18 00:01:02,320 --> 00:01:06,160 Speaker 1: time too, before Lehman Brothers blew up in the Great 19 00:01:06,160 --> 00:01:10,200 Speaker 1: Financial Crisis. Prior to this, what you have is something 20 00:01:10,240 --> 00:01:13,479 Speaker 1: called a repo market. Now, I'm sure everybody has heard 21 00:01:13,480 --> 00:01:17,720 Speaker 1: of the repo like a re a repurchase. I'm sorry, 22 00:01:17,760 --> 00:01:21,440 Speaker 1: you're repossessing by banks of cars. So you've got uh 23 00:01:21,880 --> 00:01:24,400 Speaker 1: repo people who go out and they repo cars for 24 00:01:24,440 --> 00:01:27,520 Speaker 1: the banks. That's not what this is, UH. The repo 25 00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:32,240 Speaker 1: market for financial institutions, REPO stands for a repurchase. So 26 00:01:32,440 --> 00:01:36,880 Speaker 1: you have a situation where banks UH they don't have 27 00:01:37,040 --> 00:01:39,160 Speaker 1: all of the cash on hand that they need for 28 00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:43,800 Speaker 1: their daily operations. And obviously this is oversimplification of what 29 00:01:43,880 --> 00:01:47,120 Speaker 1: goes on here. But with the repo market, you basically 30 00:01:47,160 --> 00:01:51,160 Speaker 1: have a pawn shop for banks between each other. So 31 00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:52,640 Speaker 1: at the end of the day, you'll have all the 32 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:56,000 Speaker 1: banks get together and they'll say, okay, um, I've got 33 00:01:56,520 --> 00:02:00,200 Speaker 1: a lot of collateral, a lot of assets, but I 34 00:02:00,200 --> 00:02:03,680 Speaker 1: don't have enough cash to finish out the day. And 35 00:02:03,800 --> 00:02:06,160 Speaker 1: you'll have another bank that says, okay, well I've got cash, 36 00:02:06,440 --> 00:02:09,359 Speaker 1: and so the two banks agree. They'll say, okay, I'll 37 00:02:09,400 --> 00:02:12,400 Speaker 1: buy this collateral from you. Usually it's like a U. 38 00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:16,040 Speaker 1: S treasury um, and then you promise to repurchase it 39 00:02:16,120 --> 00:02:18,200 Speaker 1: from me. That's where the word comes from repurchase rebo. 40 00:02:18,919 --> 00:02:22,160 Speaker 1: You promised to repurchase it from me at some later 41 00:02:22,240 --> 00:02:24,280 Speaker 1: date in the future, whether it's tomorrow or at a 42 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:27,680 Speaker 1: later date than that um. And so in this repo market, 43 00:02:27,720 --> 00:02:30,600 Speaker 1: you have a pawn shop between banks where they fund 44 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:33,880 Speaker 1: each other for their overnight expenses, and you have normally 45 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:37,040 Speaker 1: a situation where everything nets out. You've got enough banks 46 00:02:37,080 --> 00:02:38,919 Speaker 1: with you know, the cash, and enough banks with the 47 00:02:38,960 --> 00:02:43,320 Speaker 1: collateral where everything is netted out. Well, it depends on 48 00:02:43,560 --> 00:02:47,240 Speaker 1: sometimes depends on the quality of the collateral, right, because 49 00:02:47,520 --> 00:02:49,360 Speaker 1: what if some bank says, Okay, I've got a lot 50 00:02:49,360 --> 00:02:52,480 Speaker 1: of collateral, I need some cash, and then another bank says, oh, 51 00:02:52,520 --> 00:02:54,440 Speaker 1: I actually don't want to buy that collateral from you 52 00:02:54,480 --> 00:02:56,639 Speaker 1: because I don't like the I don't like the risk 53 00:02:56,680 --> 00:03:00,520 Speaker 1: of that asset. Well, that's exactly what happened in the 54 00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:04,480 Speaker 1: financial crisis. Lehman Brothers said, hey, I need some cash. 55 00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:06,280 Speaker 1: Well I don't have enough cash. I've got a lot 56 00:03:06,320 --> 00:03:10,280 Speaker 1: of collateral, though, and I've got my collateral is mortgage 57 00:03:10,320 --> 00:03:14,079 Speaker 1: backed securities. And for years this had been fine. Everybody 58 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:16,680 Speaker 1: had been playing with these. But suddenly none of the 59 00:03:16,680 --> 00:03:20,040 Speaker 1: banks wanted the mortgage backed securities anymore, and so nobody 60 00:03:20,040 --> 00:03:22,799 Speaker 1: would buy them from Lehman, and so they went belly up. 61 00:03:22,800 --> 00:03:26,040 Speaker 1: They have enough cash to make it to the next day. Now, 62 00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:29,920 Speaker 1: obviously this could have bled over because many banks had 63 00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:33,200 Speaker 1: mortgage backed securities as their collateral and this could have, 64 00:03:33,560 --> 00:03:35,840 Speaker 1: you know, spread to more and so that's why the 65 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:38,280 Speaker 1: Federal Reserve and the Treasury stepped in like they did 66 00:03:38,920 --> 00:03:41,920 Speaker 1: um and so you had a situation where the collateral 67 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:44,880 Speaker 1: was bad, and so the overnight funding market, the repo 68 00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:48,320 Speaker 1: market dried up and banks were not able to access 69 00:03:48,360 --> 00:03:50,640 Speaker 1: the cash that they needed. So that was the first 70 00:03:50,680 --> 00:03:54,560 Speaker 1: example of the repo market blowing up. UM. One indication 71 00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:57,440 Speaker 1: that that was going to happen was, at the same time, 72 00:03:57,480 --> 00:04:02,080 Speaker 1: like a day before, the interest straight being charged on 73 00:04:02,120 --> 00:04:05,800 Speaker 1: the cash was much higher than it normally would have been. 74 00:04:06,200 --> 00:04:09,040 Speaker 1: And so if you wanted to go get cash for 75 00:04:09,240 --> 00:04:11,760 Speaker 1: in the repo market, normally you pay like a very 76 00:04:11,840 --> 00:04:14,600 Speaker 1: small rate. Well, that rate that you pay for that 77 00:04:14,680 --> 00:04:19,400 Speaker 1: cash just increased a lot. So that was a uh, 78 00:04:19,440 --> 00:04:21,600 Speaker 1: you know, a canary in the coal mine saying, hey, 79 00:04:21,640 --> 00:04:25,640 Speaker 1: there's problems in the repo market because the only way 80 00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:28,159 Speaker 1: these people are willing to buy this cat this collateral, 81 00:04:28,160 --> 00:04:31,080 Speaker 1: which is bad collateral, is if they're getting paid to 82 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,839 Speaker 1: compensate themselves for that risk. Well, if we fast forward 83 00:04:34,920 --> 00:04:39,760 Speaker 1: now to September of twenty nineteen, Uh, this was obviously 84 00:04:39,880 --> 00:04:44,720 Speaker 1: pre COVID, and so the memories of this financial event 85 00:04:44,800 --> 00:04:48,800 Speaker 1: kind of got forgotten because they were overshadowed by UM 86 00:04:48,839 --> 00:04:52,200 Speaker 1: all the money printing and everything that happened in But 87 00:04:52,240 --> 00:04:56,680 Speaker 1: if we go to September, something curious started to happen 88 00:04:56,800 --> 00:05:01,480 Speaker 1: in the repo market again. The intra straight being charged 89 00:05:01,600 --> 00:05:05,600 Speaker 1: in the repo market for cash went up. Its skyrocketed 90 00:05:05,600 --> 00:05:08,679 Speaker 1: to the highest level it had gotten to since Lehman 91 00:05:08,720 --> 00:05:13,280 Speaker 1: Brothers collapsed. This really scared a lot of people because 92 00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:15,960 Speaker 1: they were looking at this and saying, this is a 93 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:21,440 Speaker 1: bad sign. The last time cash got this expensive, there 94 00:05:21,560 --> 00:05:23,960 Speaker 1: was a lot of bad collateral in the system, and 95 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:27,160 Speaker 1: that's why cash got so expensive because nobody wanted that 96 00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:29,919 Speaker 1: bad collateral. So there are a lot of people scared 97 00:05:30,200 --> 00:05:32,400 Speaker 1: that this meant that there was a lot of bad 98 00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:36,279 Speaker 1: collateral that had built up in the system. Again, somehow, well, 99 00:05:36,600 --> 00:05:39,919 Speaker 1: it turned out that that wasn't the case. UM. Having 100 00:05:39,920 --> 00:05:43,599 Speaker 1: bad collateral is one reason why nobody would be willing 101 00:05:43,600 --> 00:05:45,960 Speaker 1: to lend cash at a low rate. But another reason 102 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:49,840 Speaker 1: is there's just not enough cash in the system. So 103 00:05:49,880 --> 00:05:52,200 Speaker 1: it's like this pawn shop and all the banks went 104 00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:54,880 Speaker 1: to each other that that night and said hey, I 105 00:05:54,920 --> 00:05:57,279 Speaker 1: need cash, and everybody else said, well so do I. 106 00:05:57,600 --> 00:05:59,679 Speaker 1: And there was there are not a lot of people 107 00:05:59,760 --> 00:06:01,960 Speaker 1: with extra cash to lend, and so they were able 108 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:04,080 Speaker 1: to say, okay, well everybody wants it, I'm going to 109 00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:05,960 Speaker 1: charge a really high interest right for because I'm the 110 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:07,400 Speaker 1: only one that has it, so I can command a 111 00:06:07,440 --> 00:06:09,840 Speaker 1: high rate for it. So question is, well, where did 112 00:06:09,880 --> 00:06:11,839 Speaker 1: all of that money go? Where did all the cash go? 113 00:06:12,279 --> 00:06:14,039 Speaker 1: And the answer is it went to the U. S. Government. 114 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:16,360 Speaker 1: The US government had been borrowing a lot. When the 115 00:06:16,440 --> 00:06:20,680 Speaker 1: US government borrows, it creates a debt instrument called a bond, 116 00:06:20,680 --> 00:06:23,120 Speaker 1: it's a treasury. And the way that happens is when 117 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:26,960 Speaker 1: that loan has created, that instrument is created, that bank 118 00:06:27,040 --> 00:06:30,080 Speaker 1: now owns that treasury. So they own a piece paper 119 00:06:30,120 --> 00:06:32,680 Speaker 1: that says that the government owes them cash at some 120 00:06:32,720 --> 00:06:35,400 Speaker 1: point in the future. And so all of the assets 121 00:06:35,440 --> 00:06:37,760 Speaker 1: on banks balance sheets at this time in nineteen it 122 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:40,880 Speaker 1: was all U S treasuries. But the economy then at 123 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:43,520 Speaker 1: that point, basically what happened was they had been the 124 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:46,279 Speaker 1: government had maxed out its ability to borrow from the economy, 125 00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:48,560 Speaker 1: so all that cash had been sucked out of the 126 00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:51,479 Speaker 1: economy went to the government, and there was just a 127 00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:54,440 Speaker 1: bunch of treasuries sitting on banks balance sheets, and nobody 128 00:06:54,520 --> 00:06:56,920 Speaker 1: had any cash left to lend out to the other 129 00:06:56,960 --> 00:07:00,719 Speaker 1: banks for their overnight funding needs. At this point, the 130 00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:02,600 Speaker 1: Federal Reserve looked at this and said, well, this is 131 00:07:02,640 --> 00:07:05,719 Speaker 1: an emergency. There's no bad collateral, so we're not bailing 132 00:07:05,760 --> 00:07:08,400 Speaker 1: anybody out of making bad decisions. And so we're just 133 00:07:08,480 --> 00:07:11,840 Speaker 1: going to intervene in the repo market and we will 134 00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:16,640 Speaker 1: become the provider of cash for anybody who needs it 135 00:07:16,640 --> 00:07:19,120 Speaker 1: in the repo market. And so they entered with a 136 00:07:19,160 --> 00:07:21,760 Speaker 1: money printer and they said, anybody who needs cash overnight, 137 00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:24,400 Speaker 1: we will lend at the low interest rates that the 138 00:07:24,440 --> 00:07:27,360 Speaker 1: report market we think is supposed to be at, and um, 139 00:07:27,400 --> 00:07:29,640 Speaker 1: anybody can get the cash that they need from us 140 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:33,160 Speaker 1: and um and give us the collateral and uh, then 141 00:07:33,200 --> 00:07:35,760 Speaker 1: you purchased that collateral back from us at some future date. 142 00:07:36,480 --> 00:07:39,040 Speaker 1: And so they started operating in the repo market. While 143 00:07:39,040 --> 00:07:42,120 Speaker 1: obviously not a lot of people were very happy about that. 144 00:07:42,200 --> 00:07:44,160 Speaker 1: It looked like an implicit bail at it looked like 145 00:07:44,240 --> 00:07:46,360 Speaker 1: they were injecting money into the system again, trying to 146 00:07:46,400 --> 00:07:49,520 Speaker 1: do undercover quei and all of that is actually kind 147 00:07:49,520 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: of true. There's there's some validity to that, absolutely. But 148 00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:55,400 Speaker 1: if we fast forward to then how they handled in 149 00:07:55,480 --> 00:07:59,920 Speaker 1: March and April, we can see that that was absolutely 150 00:08:00,400 --> 00:08:03,240 Speaker 1: nothing to the way that you know, they printed money 151 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:07,440 Speaker 1: and bailed out the system in it all got overshadowed there, 152 00:08:08,280 --> 00:08:12,280 Speaker 1: So something else curious than happened when all the money 153 00:08:12,280 --> 00:08:16,080 Speaker 1: printing started. They printed trillions of dollars. That money went 154 00:08:16,120 --> 00:08:18,840 Speaker 1: to the U. S government. The US government then started 155 00:08:18,880 --> 00:08:21,560 Speaker 1: spending that money. And now you have cash entering the 156 00:08:21,600 --> 00:08:25,600 Speaker 1: system from everywhere. You have stimulus checks, you have mortgages 157 00:08:25,640 --> 00:08:29,200 Speaker 1: being refinanced, you have cash out refinances happening, you have 158 00:08:29,400 --> 00:08:33,480 Speaker 1: mortgage forbearances going on. So people have lower expenses and 159 00:08:33,559 --> 00:08:37,040 Speaker 1: a lot more cash coming in from all sides. The 160 00:08:37,080 --> 00:08:42,000 Speaker 1: government is spending money to businesses and to corporations, into organizations, nonprofits, 161 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:46,240 Speaker 1: and politicians, So cash is entering the system from absolutely everywhere. 162 00:08:46,720 --> 00:08:50,360 Speaker 1: Where does that money go Like, Actually, when the government 163 00:08:50,360 --> 00:08:54,760 Speaker 1: spends money, it goes into somebody's bank account. So the 164 00:08:54,840 --> 00:08:58,440 Speaker 1: government spends money, whether it's to a politician their paycheck, 165 00:08:58,760 --> 00:09:02,360 Speaker 1: whether it's to government contractor whether it's a to an 166 00:09:02,440 --> 00:09:04,400 Speaker 1: organization in the form of a grant, or to an 167 00:09:04,440 --> 00:09:07,480 Speaker 1: individual in the form of a tax refund or a 168 00:09:07,520 --> 00:09:11,280 Speaker 1: stimulus check. That's all money that gets deposited in somebody's 169 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:13,880 Speaker 1: bank account, and then when they spend it, where does 170 00:09:13,920 --> 00:09:18,240 Speaker 1: it go somebody else's bank account. Okay, so now we 171 00:09:18,280 --> 00:09:20,920 Speaker 1: have to ask the question how to banks handle deposits 172 00:09:20,920 --> 00:09:23,600 Speaker 1: because it's not like most people think, a deposit is 173 00:09:23,600 --> 00:09:26,760 Speaker 1: actually a liability for a bank, because when you give 174 00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:29,160 Speaker 1: that cash to the bank, let's say you give them 175 00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:32,959 Speaker 1: a hundred dollars, they now owe you one dollars. So 176 00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:36,120 Speaker 1: in terms of assets and liabilities, a deposit for a 177 00:09:36,160 --> 00:09:39,840 Speaker 1: bank shows up as a liability. Now, there are rules 178 00:09:39,880 --> 00:09:43,320 Speaker 1: that banks have to abide by in terms of how 179 00:09:43,520 --> 00:09:47,040 Speaker 1: how much they can have in liabilities versus assets. So 180 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:49,679 Speaker 1: the more they get in deposits, the more assets they 181 00:09:49,679 --> 00:09:53,280 Speaker 1: have to buy to offset those liabilities. It's just the 182 00:09:53,280 --> 00:09:57,240 Speaker 1: way the banking rules work. And so as these cash 183 00:09:57,320 --> 00:10:01,800 Speaker 1: deposits flood into the banking syste them, banks are forced 184 00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:05,720 Speaker 1: to get go out into the uh system and get 185 00:10:05,760 --> 00:10:08,720 Speaker 1: more and more collateral. Well, for the first year, this 186 00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:12,360 Speaker 1: was no issue at all. For the first year, banks 187 00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:15,360 Speaker 1: did not need to go get collateral. Why is that Well, 188 00:10:15,400 --> 00:10:18,679 Speaker 1: because the rules were suspended. This is called the supplementary 189 00:10:18,760 --> 00:10:21,800 Speaker 1: leverage ratio, and the Federal Reserve didn't want there being 190 00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:26,840 Speaker 1: any banking issues because of arbitrary rules, and so the 191 00:10:26,840 --> 00:10:28,800 Speaker 1: Fed just said, all right, banks, you don't have to 192 00:10:28,840 --> 00:10:31,280 Speaker 1: worry about how much how many assets you have, how 193 00:10:31,320 --> 00:10:34,600 Speaker 1: much collateral you have to offset all your liabilities for 194 00:10:34,720 --> 00:10:37,160 Speaker 1: the next year. And so banks were able to accept 195 00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:38,920 Speaker 1: all the deposits and they didn't have to go out 196 00:10:38,960 --> 00:10:41,800 Speaker 1: there and find collateral tops set those liabilities. They just 197 00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:44,160 Speaker 1: accepted the deposits and it was fine because the rules 198 00:10:44,160 --> 00:10:49,760 Speaker 1: were had had temporarily changed. Well, March of the comes 199 00:10:49,760 --> 00:10:53,600 Speaker 1: around and that that suspension is set to expire. So 200 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:56,120 Speaker 1: the banks were looking around and saying, hey, uh, we're 201 00:10:56,120 --> 00:10:57,920 Speaker 1: about to have to go out there and find a 202 00:10:57,960 --> 00:11:00,200 Speaker 1: bunch of collateral right now. What are we going to do, 203 00:11:00,440 --> 00:11:03,240 Speaker 1: like they were saying, Federal Reserve, like Jamie Diamond was saying, 204 00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:06,280 Speaker 1: please don't let this expire. Please give us an extension, 205 00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:08,840 Speaker 1: because that will cause a lot of a lot of 206 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:11,560 Speaker 1: problems if all of us have to suddenly go out 207 00:11:11,640 --> 00:11:15,560 Speaker 1: and find collateral to offset all of these liabilities, and 208 00:11:15,559 --> 00:11:18,480 Speaker 1: the Federal Reserve just said, no, we don't care, you 209 00:11:18,480 --> 00:11:20,679 Speaker 1: can deal with it. We're gonna put those rules back 210 00:11:20,679 --> 00:11:24,920 Speaker 1: in place. But at the exact same time, the Federal 211 00:11:25,000 --> 00:11:31,640 Speaker 1: Reserve offered the reverse repo facility. Okay, so we already 212 00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:34,760 Speaker 1: know what the repo facility is from the FED. That 213 00:11:34,920 --> 00:11:37,800 Speaker 1: is the FED entering the regular repo market and saying 214 00:11:37,880 --> 00:11:41,880 Speaker 1: we will give cash if anybody needs cash, as long 215 00:11:41,920 --> 00:11:46,559 Speaker 1: as they give us collateral. Well, after nobody needed cash, 216 00:11:46,600 --> 00:11:50,680 Speaker 1: there was a flood of cash, but there was a 217 00:11:50,760 --> 00:11:56,960 Speaker 1: need for collateral once that suspension expired. So April comes 218 00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:00,240 Speaker 1: around and suddenly all the banks need collateral. Got a 219 00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:02,720 Speaker 1: lot of cash, but they need collateral. So you can't 220 00:12:02,720 --> 00:12:05,400 Speaker 1: go to the repot facility at the FED to get 221 00:12:05,440 --> 00:12:07,880 Speaker 1: collateral because that's where you go to get cash. So 222 00:12:07,920 --> 00:12:10,440 Speaker 1: you go to the reverse repo facility at the FED 223 00:12:10,559 --> 00:12:13,640 Speaker 1: because that's where you go to get collateral. So you 224 00:12:13,679 --> 00:12:15,640 Speaker 1: go to the reverse repo facility at the FED. You 225 00:12:15,679 --> 00:12:18,679 Speaker 1: give the FED the cash and they give you the collateral. 226 00:12:19,040 --> 00:12:22,480 Speaker 1: It's perfect. It's the opposite of the other facility. All 227 00:12:22,520 --> 00:12:24,880 Speaker 1: the banks have access to it, and so they are 228 00:12:24,920 --> 00:12:27,240 Speaker 1: able to go get the collateral that they need to 229 00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:30,600 Speaker 1: meet their meet their rules. And if if you want 230 00:12:30,600 --> 00:12:32,280 Speaker 1: to go check any of this, you can look at 231 00:12:32,280 --> 00:12:35,280 Speaker 1: the usage of the repo facility and the reverse repo 232 00:12:35,360 --> 00:12:37,880 Speaker 1: facility at the FED. You go to their website, it's 233 00:12:37,880 --> 00:12:41,280 Speaker 1: the St. Louis Fed website. It's UH. The titles f 234 00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:43,680 Speaker 1: R E D that's FRED. They have an app as well. 235 00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:45,240 Speaker 1: You can just Google it and find it and you 236 00:12:45,240 --> 00:12:47,080 Speaker 1: can look at these two charts and you can see 237 00:12:47,400 --> 00:12:49,760 Speaker 1: when the usage started. You can even look up other 238 00:12:49,840 --> 00:12:52,840 Speaker 1: charts that show the interest rates being paid in these facilities, 239 00:12:53,360 --> 00:12:55,840 Speaker 1: and so you can see that in April one, that 240 00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:58,920 Speaker 1: is when the usage of the reverse repot facility started 241 00:12:58,960 --> 00:13:00,880 Speaker 1: because that was the place as where banks had to 242 00:13:00,880 --> 00:13:02,760 Speaker 1: go to get collateral. There wasn't a lot of it 243 00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:07,720 Speaker 1: in the system outside of outside of there. Well, that 244 00:13:07,960 --> 00:13:12,760 Speaker 1: was working fine, and then the Federal Reserve decided to 245 00:13:12,800 --> 00:13:16,280 Speaker 1: start raising the Federal funds rate. They decided to start 246 00:13:16,360 --> 00:13:19,920 Speaker 1: raising interest rates. Well, when they decided to start raising 247 00:13:19,960 --> 00:13:23,800 Speaker 1: interest rates, what would happen is um all of that 248 00:13:24,040 --> 00:13:28,120 Speaker 1: cash would then go and start buying up these higher 249 00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:32,120 Speaker 1: interest rate um UH like T bills and treasuries for 250 00:13:32,160 --> 00:13:34,760 Speaker 1: the collateral because now there's a higher interest rate on them. 251 00:13:35,160 --> 00:13:37,520 Speaker 1: So what the Federal Reserve did not want to happen 252 00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:41,040 Speaker 1: was to see see interest rates go negative. They wanted 253 00:13:41,040 --> 00:13:43,320 Speaker 1: to make sure that they kept all that cash in 254 00:13:43,360 --> 00:13:47,400 Speaker 1: their reverse repo facility to keep control of the system. 255 00:13:47,440 --> 00:13:49,880 Speaker 1: And so what they did was they kept on raising 256 00:13:50,040 --> 00:13:53,600 Speaker 1: the reverse repo rate along with the federal funds rate. 257 00:13:54,280 --> 00:13:56,480 Speaker 1: And so at first it was like, you know, point 258 00:13:56,600 --> 00:13:59,880 Speaker 1: zero five percent, no big deal, and then it was 259 00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:03,560 Speaker 1: is half a percent higher than that? Then it was 260 00:14:04,280 --> 00:14:06,720 Speaker 1: a couple of percent higher than that. So we get 261 00:14:06,760 --> 00:14:09,600 Speaker 1: to the point we fast forward to today and in 262 00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:13,400 Speaker 1: the reverse repo facility, now there are over two trillion 263 00:14:13,880 --> 00:14:19,120 Speaker 1: dollars in the reverse repot facility. Now, remember the reverse 264 00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:22,640 Speaker 1: repo facility is where banks parked their cash in order 265 00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:27,720 Speaker 1: to get collateral. We know that the Federal Reserve is 266 00:14:28,200 --> 00:14:32,480 Speaker 1: the entity with the monopoly on the creation of money. 267 00:14:32,520 --> 00:14:36,960 Speaker 1: This means that the Federal Reserve is a lower risk 268 00:14:37,800 --> 00:14:41,800 Speaker 1: lender or barrower than the US government because if you 269 00:14:41,840 --> 00:14:44,080 Speaker 1: load money to the US government, they can always use 270 00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:46,120 Speaker 1: their military, they can always put somebody in jail, they 271 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:48,480 Speaker 1: can always tax people more in order to get enough 272 00:14:48,520 --> 00:14:52,360 Speaker 1: money to be able to pay you back. However, there 273 00:14:52,400 --> 00:14:56,720 Speaker 1: are debt ceiling debates and political gridlock issues that happen, 274 00:14:57,000 --> 00:15:00,160 Speaker 1: you know, every single year, every single two years, and 275 00:15:00,200 --> 00:15:05,000 Speaker 1: there are potentially some funding issues, and so the UH 276 00:15:05,360 --> 00:15:08,440 Speaker 1: the credit rating of the United States has been downgraded. 277 00:15:08,560 --> 00:15:11,760 Speaker 1: We see the value of the debt from the United 278 00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:15,440 Speaker 1: States government actually fluctuates. So if you loan money to 279 00:15:15,440 --> 00:15:17,960 Speaker 1: the government and you need to sell sell that debt later, 280 00:15:18,240 --> 00:15:21,120 Speaker 1: you might have to sell it for less than UH 281 00:15:21,400 --> 00:15:23,440 Speaker 1: it would it would be worth if you held it 282 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:27,080 Speaker 1: to maturity, So you might take a loss on that. Well, 283 00:15:27,400 --> 00:15:30,720 Speaker 1: that can't happen to the Federal Reserve. They are the 284 00:15:30,800 --> 00:15:33,560 Speaker 1: money printer. They don't deal with politics, they don't deal 285 00:15:33,560 --> 00:15:36,200 Speaker 1: with gridlock, they don't deal with that sealing issues. They 286 00:15:36,360 --> 00:15:39,320 Speaker 1: have the monopoly on the creation of money. So if 287 00:15:39,400 --> 00:15:42,120 Speaker 1: you are in a position where you can give some 288 00:15:42,240 --> 00:15:45,440 Speaker 1: cash to the Federal Reserve and they will pay you 289 00:15:46,120 --> 00:15:50,760 Speaker 1: three and a half percent three point eight five, which 290 00:15:50,800 --> 00:15:56,760 Speaker 1: is the current rate that is risk free, the Fed 291 00:15:56,960 --> 00:16:02,280 Speaker 1: cannot default on that further if they decide to lower 292 00:16:02,680 --> 00:16:05,720 Speaker 1: the interest rate that they're paying there. It's not as 293 00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:08,600 Speaker 1: if you then have to go sell an instrument. This 294 00:16:08,680 --> 00:16:12,840 Speaker 1: is an overnight facility. You can take that cash then 295 00:16:13,120 --> 00:16:16,000 Speaker 1: that you were getting three point five percent on that 296 00:16:16,040 --> 00:16:18,000 Speaker 1: maybe now you're only going to get three percent on 297 00:16:18,240 --> 00:16:20,120 Speaker 1: You could just take the full amount of that cash 298 00:16:20,200 --> 00:16:23,080 Speaker 1: back out and go get something else with it now, 299 00:16:23,520 --> 00:16:26,680 Speaker 1: So there is no risk to these financial institutions that 300 00:16:26,800 --> 00:16:30,800 Speaker 1: have two trillion dollars parked with the Federal Reserves reverse 301 00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:33,760 Speaker 1: repo facility. Right now they're able to get that three 302 00:16:33,800 --> 00:16:38,200 Speaker 1: point five percent completely risk free, and in doing so 303 00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:41,240 Speaker 1: they also get the collateral that they need for the 304 00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:45,960 Speaker 1: banking regulations. Well why in the world would the Federal 305 00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:50,040 Speaker 1: Reserve want to do this, Well, they're keeping cash out 306 00:16:50,080 --> 00:16:52,520 Speaker 1: of the system. This is out of the banking system 307 00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:55,440 Speaker 1: right now. It is on the sidelines. It's not being 308 00:16:55,520 --> 00:16:58,360 Speaker 1: used to purchase stocks, it's not being used to purchase 309 00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:02,280 Speaker 1: goods and services. It's not in circulation. The other thing 310 00:17:02,320 --> 00:17:05,000 Speaker 1: that it's doing is allowing interest rates to go up. 311 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:10,679 Speaker 1: So what it looks like is a giant bazooka that 312 00:17:10,760 --> 00:17:13,760 Speaker 1: the Federal Reserve is keeping on the sidelines that nobody 313 00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:16,639 Speaker 1: knows about, because, as we know, the Federal Reserve is 314 00:17:16,640 --> 00:17:19,040 Speaker 1: fighting inflation right now, So if they let to trillion 315 00:17:19,080 --> 00:17:21,600 Speaker 1: dollars go right now, Inflation will continue to go up, 316 00:17:21,800 --> 00:17:23,439 Speaker 1: so they need to keep cash out of the system 317 00:17:23,520 --> 00:17:25,520 Speaker 1: right now. That's that's for sure. They want to make 318 00:17:25,560 --> 00:17:28,760 Speaker 1: sure that they continue to keep on fighting inflation, so 319 00:17:28,800 --> 00:17:31,040 Speaker 1: they don't want that to trillion dollars just flooding out 320 00:17:31,040 --> 00:17:33,920 Speaker 1: into the system and causing a big spike in prices again, 321 00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:37,840 Speaker 1: so they're keeping it out of there. However, very few 322 00:17:37,880 --> 00:17:40,560 Speaker 1: people understand how the repo market and the reverse repot 323 00:17:40,600 --> 00:17:43,960 Speaker 1: facility works at the FED, which means that let's say 324 00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:47,800 Speaker 1: inflation continues to the rate of inflation continues to drop. 325 00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:51,719 Speaker 1: It has started dropping. It looks like inflation has probably peaked. 326 00:17:52,040 --> 00:17:53,800 Speaker 1: Prices are still going up, but they're going up at 327 00:17:53,840 --> 00:17:56,760 Speaker 1: a slower pace than they were before. And so let's 328 00:17:56,760 --> 00:17:59,359 Speaker 1: say the Federal Reserve wants to maintain credibility, and so 329 00:17:59,400 --> 00:18:02,440 Speaker 1: they want to keep on selling assets off their balance sheet. 330 00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:06,359 Speaker 1: They want to keep on raising interest rates. However, let's 331 00:18:06,359 --> 00:18:09,520 Speaker 1: say they see an issue of solvency for somebody, like 332 00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:13,080 Speaker 1: maybe the United States government has nobody to borrow from 333 00:18:13,119 --> 00:18:15,919 Speaker 1: the United States government needs to pay its bills, and 334 00:18:15,920 --> 00:18:18,080 Speaker 1: they try and borrow, and there's nobody that wants to 335 00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:21,280 Speaker 1: lend to them. There's not enough cash. Let's say some 336 00:18:21,560 --> 00:18:23,840 Speaker 1: you know, the stock market needs a boost because everything 337 00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:27,720 Speaker 1: starts to collapse. Let's say they've gotten inflation down, uh 338 00:18:27,760 --> 00:18:29,600 Speaker 1: a little bit, but not all the way, and so 339 00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:32,399 Speaker 1: they have to keep on looking like they're tightening. But 340 00:18:32,600 --> 00:18:35,439 Speaker 1: they need to bail the system out. All they need 341 00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:38,520 Speaker 1: to do is lower the rate that they're paying in 342 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:42,720 Speaker 1: that reverse rate of facility. Instead of paying point zero 343 00:18:42,720 --> 00:18:44,960 Speaker 1: five percent more than the federal funds rate, now you 344 00:18:45,119 --> 00:18:47,800 Speaker 1: drop it and you pay less, you only pay three. 345 00:18:48,880 --> 00:18:53,200 Speaker 1: Maybe that pushes half a trillion dollars out. And now 346 00:18:53,240 --> 00:18:55,320 Speaker 1: that money goes out to the open market, and it 347 00:18:55,400 --> 00:18:58,720 Speaker 1: buys tea bills, it buys treasuries, It gives the government 348 00:18:58,720 --> 00:19:00,840 Speaker 1: an extra little amount of fund. Dame. What does the 349 00:19:00,880 --> 00:19:03,600 Speaker 1: government do when it gets funding? It spends it. Where 350 00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:06,520 Speaker 1: does that money go? It spends it into people's bank accounts. 351 00:19:07,119 --> 00:19:09,760 Speaker 1: And then those bank accounts are people that get those 352 00:19:10,040 --> 00:19:12,160 Speaker 1: that that money, they're able to spend that on things, 353 00:19:12,440 --> 00:19:14,840 Speaker 1: and prices get a little boost. That money starts to 354 00:19:14,840 --> 00:19:17,840 Speaker 1: work its way throughout the system again. And then maybe 355 00:19:17,840 --> 00:19:20,120 Speaker 1: that half a trillion dollars isn't enough, So the Federal 356 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:22,840 Speaker 1: Reserve lowers the rate on the reverse rate of facility 357 00:19:22,840 --> 00:19:26,600 Speaker 1: again to two, and that forces a full trillion dollars 358 00:19:26,600 --> 00:19:29,080 Speaker 1: out of the system. Gives a nice another little boost 359 00:19:29,080 --> 00:19:32,840 Speaker 1: to the system. So they've got two trillion dollars that 360 00:19:32,920 --> 00:19:35,760 Speaker 1: they are keeping on the sidelines that at any moment 361 00:19:35,840 --> 00:19:37,680 Speaker 1: they can start to lower the rate that they're paying 362 00:19:37,680 --> 00:19:41,119 Speaker 1: on it, it will force that cash out and really 363 00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:45,920 Speaker 1: act as a huge stimulus to the entire economy through 364 00:19:46,119 --> 00:19:51,600 Speaker 1: government spending first as its mechanism. As that happens, they 365 00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:54,840 Speaker 1: will continue to tighten. This is the thing that a 366 00:19:54,840 --> 00:19:56,840 Speaker 1: lot of people, I don't think get about this, that 367 00:19:57,040 --> 00:19:58,720 Speaker 1: we're not going to see a direct pivot from the 368 00:19:58,760 --> 00:20:02,520 Speaker 1: Fed anytime soon. They're going to keep on raising interest rates. 369 00:20:02,960 --> 00:20:05,080 Speaker 1: They're going to keep on selling assets off of their 370 00:20:05,080 --> 00:20:08,280 Speaker 1: balance sheet. At a certain point, I think they're aware 371 00:20:09,040 --> 00:20:11,560 Speaker 1: they won't be able to continue to do that without 372 00:20:11,600 --> 00:20:15,520 Speaker 1: completely crushing the economy. And that point might happen before 373 00:20:15,640 --> 00:20:18,199 Speaker 1: they've brought inflation down to that two percent number that 374 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:21,720 Speaker 1: they keep on talking about. So if they need to, 375 00:20:22,119 --> 00:20:24,000 Speaker 1: they might be in a position where they need to 376 00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:27,840 Speaker 1: bail out the system provide some stimulus without actually looking 377 00:20:28,200 --> 00:20:32,320 Speaker 1: like they're providing stimulus for the system. And so they 378 00:20:32,359 --> 00:20:36,800 Speaker 1: will need to push that two trillion dollars out by 379 00:20:36,840 --> 00:20:40,120 Speaker 1: stopping paying anything on it, and that will take all 380 00:20:40,160 --> 00:20:43,280 Speaker 1: that cash and everybody who has put their money in 381 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:44,960 Speaker 1: the reverse free FOT facility, which by the way, is 382 00:20:45,000 --> 00:20:47,240 Speaker 1: not available for you and I. This is an individuals, 383 00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:50,960 Speaker 1: this is financial institutions only. All that money will then 384 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:53,280 Speaker 1: have to go out into the open marketplace to find 385 00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:57,439 Speaker 1: collateral that is worth it because it's a higher interest 386 00:20:57,560 --> 00:21:01,000 Speaker 1: right now. So all of these financial inst too scuitions. Yes, 387 00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:03,200 Speaker 1: they're losing their risk free rate that they're getting from 388 00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:06,040 Speaker 1: the Fed, but they're getting a much higher rate now 389 00:21:06,080 --> 00:21:08,359 Speaker 1: than is available from the Fed. Now. They're getting that 390 00:21:08,400 --> 00:21:10,440 Speaker 1: by going out to the open market, and that will 391 00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:15,359 Speaker 1: increase prices, lower rates temporarily, and allow the Federal Reserve 392 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:19,000 Speaker 1: to continue with the facade of tightening while they're pushing 393 00:21:19,040 --> 00:21:23,080 Speaker 1: two trillion dollars out into the system. So what is 394 00:21:23,119 --> 00:21:28,040 Speaker 1: the significance of this and why should we care about this? Well, 395 00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:32,439 Speaker 1: first of all, we know the impact that uh that 396 00:21:33,440 --> 00:21:38,720 Speaker 1: the money supply has on prices overall in economy. We've 397 00:21:38,760 --> 00:21:41,720 Speaker 1: seen this over the last couple of years. The first 398 00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:44,800 Speaker 1: thing that new money does to an economy is it 399 00:21:45,320 --> 00:21:48,199 Speaker 1: pushes up asset prices. This is something called the Cantyon effect. 400 00:21:48,280 --> 00:21:51,600 Speaker 1: It was discovered and written about by Richard Canton. He 401 00:21:51,720 --> 00:21:55,960 Speaker 1: was somebody who existed during the Mississippi Bubble. Um. The 402 00:21:55,960 --> 00:21:58,440 Speaker 1: Mississippi Bubble happened three hundred years ago. There was a 403 00:21:58,440 --> 00:22:01,000 Speaker 1: guy named John Law who who got control of the 404 00:22:01,040 --> 00:22:04,520 Speaker 1: central bank in France. He took everybody's golden silver and 405 00:22:04,560 --> 00:22:08,120 Speaker 1: issued paper money instead. That paper money was backed by 406 00:22:08,240 --> 00:22:11,480 Speaker 1: gold and silver and land in the United States, the 407 00:22:11,480 --> 00:22:16,680 Speaker 1: Mississippi Company, with the Mississippi Company and um the UH. 408 00:22:16,760 --> 00:22:19,240 Speaker 1: The purpose of this was he was going to spend money, 409 00:22:19,560 --> 00:22:23,320 Speaker 1: uh in order to stimulate the local economy in France, 410 00:22:23,560 --> 00:22:25,520 Speaker 1: and so he was going to do this through the 411 00:22:25,600 --> 00:22:29,280 Speaker 1: central bank. So he he took everybody's golden silver, backed 412 00:22:29,359 --> 00:22:31,919 Speaker 1: the new money with gold and silver and shares of 413 00:22:31,960 --> 00:22:36,760 Speaker 1: his Mississippi Company, which was backed by the land in Mississippi, 414 00:22:37,400 --> 00:22:39,879 Speaker 1: and started spending money. While this caused a lot of 415 00:22:39,920 --> 00:22:46,199 Speaker 1: inflation and eventually big bubbles, hyper inflation and then a 416 00:22:46,240 --> 00:22:49,200 Speaker 1: big collapse. UH. You know story that's as old as time. 417 00:22:49,240 --> 00:22:51,520 Speaker 1: That we've talked about a few times on this podcast 418 00:22:52,280 --> 00:22:55,040 Speaker 1: and UM and so Richard Canton was one of the 419 00:22:55,080 --> 00:22:56,760 Speaker 1: people who got rich from this because he saw his 420 00:22:56,800 --> 00:22:59,920 Speaker 1: prices were going up. He realized what was happening in 421 00:23:00,040 --> 00:23:02,320 Speaker 1: what the inevitable result was, and he turned in all 422 00:23:02,359 --> 00:23:05,480 Speaker 1: of his paper and bought gold and silver, and then 423 00:23:05,520 --> 00:23:07,840 Speaker 1: when everything collapsed, he is massively wealthy and got to 424 00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:09,879 Speaker 1: buy things that huge discounts. So this is called the 425 00:23:09,920 --> 00:23:12,560 Speaker 1: canty On effect. Basically, when new money is created, the 426 00:23:12,560 --> 00:23:17,320 Speaker 1: first thing that happens is asset prices go up. Why 427 00:23:17,400 --> 00:23:20,399 Speaker 1: is this Well, because the new money typically hits the 428 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:23,200 Speaker 1: hands of the rich first, and the rich don't need 429 00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:27,399 Speaker 1: to drastically increase their consumption of goods and services, and 430 00:23:27,440 --> 00:23:30,520 Speaker 1: so they buy assets instead. UM. The other thing that 431 00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:33,120 Speaker 1: happens is as asset prices then start to go up, 432 00:23:33,520 --> 00:23:37,200 Speaker 1: manias are introduced, and everybody then tries to buy assets 433 00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:40,040 Speaker 1: because just because the prices are going up, and that 434 00:23:40,080 --> 00:23:42,920 Speaker 1: fuels the bubbles even more. So that's the first thing 435 00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:48,000 Speaker 1: that happens. But eventually, let's say a fixed supply of 436 00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:51,080 Speaker 1: money UM or there was just a fixed increase in 437 00:23:51,119 --> 00:23:53,520 Speaker 1: the supply of money, so the total money goes from 438 00:23:53,560 --> 00:23:57,560 Speaker 1: one trillion to two trillion UM, well, then the prices 439 00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:00,639 Speaker 1: will increase. But eventually all that new money has already 440 00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:03,840 Speaker 1: worked its way into asset prices. Uh, there's no more 441 00:24:03,920 --> 00:24:06,639 Speaker 1: new money coming in to continue buying at higher and 442 00:24:06,720 --> 00:24:09,400 Speaker 1: higher and higher prices. There's only enough money to continue 443 00:24:09,440 --> 00:24:12,359 Speaker 1: to support the current prices. Well, when most people have 444 00:24:12,520 --> 00:24:15,440 Speaker 1: bought an asset just because the price is going up, 445 00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:18,320 Speaker 1: what are they gonna do when the price stops going up. 446 00:24:18,800 --> 00:24:22,760 Speaker 1: They're gonna sell because if the only reason you bought 447 00:24:22,800 --> 00:24:24,800 Speaker 1: it is because it was going up, if it stops 448 00:24:24,800 --> 00:24:27,960 Speaker 1: going up, well you're gonna sell. And so then when 449 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:30,960 Speaker 1: the selling starts, what happens to the price The price 450 00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:34,440 Speaker 1: goes down. And then when the price goes down, then 451 00:24:34,560 --> 00:24:39,080 Speaker 1: everybody starts to sell because the price is going down. 452 00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:41,840 Speaker 1: And so new money introduced into a system will cause 453 00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:45,159 Speaker 1: a bubble, and that's the that's mechanic. But as the 454 00:24:45,160 --> 00:24:49,359 Speaker 1: prices go down, then um of the assets that money 455 00:24:49,359 --> 00:24:51,959 Speaker 1: starts to work its way throughout the economy into goods 456 00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:55,520 Speaker 1: and services, and so as people then have to sell 457 00:24:55,560 --> 00:24:59,040 Speaker 1: their assets to afford the higher prices, those new dollars 458 00:24:59,359 --> 00:25:01,680 Speaker 1: work their way through the system bidding up the prices. 459 00:25:01,720 --> 00:25:05,040 Speaker 1: It's more money chasing the same amount of goods and services. 460 00:25:05,040 --> 00:25:07,360 Speaker 1: We've talked about the mechanics of this in the first 461 00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:11,360 Speaker 1: couple of episodes. And so then you have an increase 462 00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:14,560 Speaker 1: in the price of goods and services. So first UH 463 00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:19,080 Speaker 1: money money money supply changes hit assets, then they hit 464 00:25:19,080 --> 00:25:22,720 Speaker 1: goods and services. And then when people can't afford uh 465 00:25:23,080 --> 00:25:27,280 Speaker 1: their their cost of living anymore, then uh employers have 466 00:25:27,400 --> 00:25:30,119 Speaker 1: to start paying more, and so then prices hit wages. 467 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:32,440 Speaker 1: But by that time, people have already been spending a 468 00:25:32,440 --> 00:25:34,440 Speaker 1: lot more money and are already worse off. And so 469 00:25:34,520 --> 00:25:37,600 Speaker 1: that's the that's the progression by which new money works 470 00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:40,920 Speaker 1: its way throughout the economy assets first, than goods and services, 471 00:25:41,119 --> 00:25:46,639 Speaker 1: than wages. Now, interestingly, this is the same progression for 472 00:25:46,720 --> 00:25:51,320 Speaker 1: deflation as well. And so let's say the money supply decreases, Well, 473 00:25:51,480 --> 00:25:54,480 Speaker 1: that's going to hit asset prices first, and then it's 474 00:25:54,480 --> 00:25:58,720 Speaker 1: gonna hit goods and services, and then it's gonna hit wages. 475 00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:03,560 Speaker 1: And so when you have systemic long term deflation like 476 00:26:03,560 --> 00:26:06,440 Speaker 1: we've had throughout most of human history, what you see 477 00:26:06,640 --> 00:26:10,200 Speaker 1: is the opposite of the mechanism we have today, where 478 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:13,080 Speaker 1: purchasing power is continuously transferred from the poor to the rich, 479 00:26:13,359 --> 00:26:16,280 Speaker 1: you have the opposite take place, where savers increase their 480 00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:18,960 Speaker 1: purchasing power over time because life gets cheaper. You want 481 00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:20,440 Speaker 1: to know more about that, go listen to the first 482 00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:24,040 Speaker 1: three episodes of this podcast, the three part series on 483 00:26:24,119 --> 00:26:27,720 Speaker 1: money and its History and where It's going now. If 484 00:26:27,800 --> 00:26:32,560 Speaker 1: we take a look at the last few years, what 485 00:26:32,680 --> 00:26:37,240 Speaker 1: we see is this exact same thing taking place. When 486 00:26:37,280 --> 00:26:40,480 Speaker 1: we take a look at the initial money printing that 487 00:26:40,520 --> 00:26:44,080 Speaker 1: happened in what was the very first thing that happened. 488 00:26:44,920 --> 00:26:52,880 Speaker 1: Asset prices like stocks, gold, real estate, bitcoin, crypto all skyrocketed. 489 00:26:53,160 --> 00:26:56,239 Speaker 1: That was the very first thing that happened. When you 490 00:26:56,280 --> 00:27:01,240 Speaker 1: look at April, that was the bottom of everything. Everything 491 00:27:01,280 --> 00:27:04,159 Speaker 1: went just up from there and many things went up 492 00:27:04,320 --> 00:27:09,480 Speaker 1: parabolically from their massive, enormous, huge returns on many assets. 493 00:27:09,800 --> 00:27:13,520 Speaker 1: Lots of people felt rich. Interestingly, at the exact same time, 494 00:27:13,720 --> 00:27:17,200 Speaker 1: guess what the inflation rate was. It was it was zero. 495 00:27:17,400 --> 00:27:20,679 Speaker 1: In fact, for the first couple of months in the 496 00:27:20,680 --> 00:27:23,480 Speaker 1: inflation rate actually did hit zero. There was a little 497 00:27:23,480 --> 00:27:26,240 Speaker 1: bit of deflation in some things as well, and so 498 00:27:26,720 --> 00:27:31,040 Speaker 1: you saw the asset prices respond massively upwards. As soon 499 00:27:31,119 --> 00:27:34,080 Speaker 1: as the new money hit. Then what happened, well, in 500 00:27:34,119 --> 00:27:40,000 Speaker 1: about January, then the inflation set in on goods and services. 501 00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:43,760 Speaker 1: So first prices of assets went up, and then prices 502 00:27:43,800 --> 00:27:47,920 Speaker 1: of stuff started to go up, and then you started 503 00:27:47,920 --> 00:27:50,480 Speaker 1: to see towards the end of twenty one what what happened. 504 00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:53,720 Speaker 1: You started to see people talk about the Great Resignation. 505 00:27:54,080 --> 00:27:57,800 Speaker 1: People were getting massive pay raises because everybody was leaving 506 00:27:57,800 --> 00:28:00,000 Speaker 1: their jobs and going and getting new jobs that pay 507 00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:03,919 Speaker 1: aid more. And this spurt that this caused churn in 508 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:06,080 Speaker 1: jobs and companies had to pay more and more and more, 509 00:28:06,400 --> 00:28:09,200 Speaker 1: and you have people going and getting better and better jobs, 510 00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:13,880 Speaker 1: and so it hit income and wages last, all right, 511 00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:17,760 Speaker 1: So now we fast forward to the end of one. 512 00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:20,920 Speaker 1: That's when the money printers actually shut off the end 513 00:28:20,920 --> 00:28:24,840 Speaker 1: of one. If you look at the money supply, this 514 00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:27,800 Speaker 1: is a measurement called M two. There are a few 515 00:28:27,800 --> 00:28:30,639 Speaker 1: different ways to measure the total amount of money in 516 00:28:30,680 --> 00:28:34,000 Speaker 1: the economy. M two is one of the most widely 517 00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:37,480 Speaker 1: accepted ways to measure the amount of money. When you 518 00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:39,520 Speaker 1: look at the chart of M two, you can see 519 00:28:39,720 --> 00:28:45,720 Speaker 1: that since January of I'm sorry, since December um the 520 00:28:45,760 --> 00:28:49,400 Speaker 1: money supply has not increased. It is flatlined. So the 521 00:28:49,480 --> 00:28:53,760 Speaker 1: money supply increased in all of it, and then in 522 00:28:53,760 --> 00:28:57,640 Speaker 1: all and then we get to the end of December, 523 00:28:58,320 --> 00:29:01,800 Speaker 1: money supply stopped to in stopped increasing. The money printer 524 00:29:01,960 --> 00:29:05,440 Speaker 1: shut off, and since then the money supply has only 525 00:29:05,600 --> 00:29:08,520 Speaker 1: moved sideways. So we got a huge increase in the 526 00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:11,640 Speaker 1: money supply for a little a little under two years, 527 00:29:11,880 --> 00:29:14,440 Speaker 1: and then it shut off and the money supply did 528 00:29:14,440 --> 00:29:18,840 Speaker 1: not expand anymore. Well, what happened to the stock market 529 00:29:18,880 --> 00:29:23,840 Speaker 1: at the end of it topped? That was the highest 530 00:29:24,040 --> 00:29:30,160 Speaker 1: the stock market reached was in December January. That's when 531 00:29:30,200 --> 00:29:33,000 Speaker 1: the stock market peaked, the exact moment that the money 532 00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:37,440 Speaker 1: printer shut off. Well, what happened to asset prices then 533 00:29:37,480 --> 00:29:43,280 Speaker 1: at that point? Did they stay at their all time highs? No, Because, 534 00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:47,320 Speaker 1: just like the mechanism that I described earlier, when people 535 00:29:47,520 --> 00:29:50,920 Speaker 1: buy assets just because they're going up, what do they 536 00:29:50,960 --> 00:29:53,880 Speaker 1: do when they stop going up? They sell them? And 537 00:29:53,920 --> 00:29:56,760 Speaker 1: then what do those asset prices do when people start selling, 538 00:29:57,280 --> 00:30:01,920 Speaker 1: They fall. And so starting in January two, asset prices 539 00:30:01,960 --> 00:30:05,760 Speaker 1: started to fall. The money supply did not fall, It 540 00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:08,640 Speaker 1: has not fallen. It has stayed the same for the 541 00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:13,480 Speaker 1: entire year of two, but asset prices have fallen. We 542 00:30:13,520 --> 00:30:16,480 Speaker 1: have a bear market in virtually every asset class except 543 00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:21,200 Speaker 1: real estate, and so asset prices responded first. Now, what 544 00:30:21,280 --> 00:30:24,120 Speaker 1: is the inflation rate of goods and services? The inflation 545 00:30:24,200 --> 00:30:27,120 Speaker 1: rate of goods and services is still high six seven 546 00:30:27,200 --> 00:30:29,200 Speaker 1: eight percent, depending on how you measure, might be a 547 00:30:29,200 --> 00:30:32,400 Speaker 1: lot more. But all the official numbers show that inflation 548 00:30:32,440 --> 00:30:34,200 Speaker 1: is coming down a little bit, but still pretty much 549 00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:39,600 Speaker 1: near uh, near huge highs, multi decade highs. Well, how 550 00:30:39,640 --> 00:30:42,600 Speaker 1: long does it take for this transition, Well, it takes 551 00:30:42,640 --> 00:30:44,920 Speaker 1: about a year. That's how long it took for the 552 00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:49,120 Speaker 1: inflation to hit go from assets to goods and then wages, 553 00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:53,840 Speaker 1: and so now it's gonna take deflation the prices falling 554 00:30:54,280 --> 00:30:57,120 Speaker 1: about the same amount of time to move from assets 555 00:30:57,200 --> 00:31:01,800 Speaker 1: tikas and services to wages. And so we already saw assets. 556 00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:05,120 Speaker 1: It's been about almost a year now, so probably in 557 00:31:05,160 --> 00:31:11,760 Speaker 1: about January, maybe February, we're gonna see broadly on average 558 00:31:12,160 --> 00:31:16,640 Speaker 1: goods and services deflation. We're gonna see prices start to fall. Uh. 559 00:31:16,720 --> 00:31:19,479 Speaker 1: This is something that most people do not agree with. 560 00:31:19,640 --> 00:31:22,280 Speaker 1: Most people think that we're going to continue to see 561 00:31:22,320 --> 00:31:25,520 Speaker 1: inflation across goods and services. But guess what, the asset 562 00:31:25,520 --> 00:31:28,120 Speaker 1: prices have already fallen. We do not have an increase 563 00:31:28,120 --> 00:31:32,080 Speaker 1: in the money supply anymore. The money supplies flatlined since December. 564 00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:37,840 Speaker 1: There is no mechanism by which broadly prices can continue 565 00:31:37,840 --> 00:31:41,440 Speaker 1: to increase. There is not enough money to continue to 566 00:31:41,600 --> 00:31:44,720 Speaker 1: buy things at higher and higher prices. There's not enough 567 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:47,400 Speaker 1: money to go around to support those higher and higher prices. Therefore, 568 00:31:47,640 --> 00:31:50,800 Speaker 1: prices must fall because there's just not enough money to 569 00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:53,320 Speaker 1: keep it up there. People can't afford it. You can't 570 00:31:53,360 --> 00:31:55,360 Speaker 1: keep on buying things without the money to buy things, 571 00:31:55,560 --> 00:31:57,520 Speaker 1: So prices have to come down if you want those 572 00:31:57,520 --> 00:32:00,040 Speaker 1: things to get bought, And prices will come down to 573 00:32:00,040 --> 00:32:02,840 Speaker 1: allow people to keep on buying them, otherwise they won't 574 00:32:02,840 --> 00:32:05,760 Speaker 1: get bought. So companies will lower prices. Well, what happens 575 00:32:05,760 --> 00:32:09,040 Speaker 1: when companies start selling things at lower and lower prices, 576 00:32:09,040 --> 00:32:12,360 Speaker 1: marking prices down, offering things on discount, offering things on sale. Well, 577 00:32:12,400 --> 00:32:16,400 Speaker 1: eventually their earnings go down. When earnings go down, profits 578 00:32:16,440 --> 00:32:24,840 Speaker 1: go down. What happens to employees furloughs, pay cuts, job losses, firing, layoffs, 579 00:32:25,320 --> 00:32:29,280 Speaker 1: The whole nine yards, and so wages will then respond 580 00:32:29,520 --> 00:32:32,040 Speaker 1: after you know, whether it's a couple of months or 581 00:32:32,040 --> 00:32:35,920 Speaker 1: whether it's a year, wages will start to respond. On average, 582 00:32:36,440 --> 00:32:40,080 Speaker 1: average incomes will go down as a result of this 583 00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:44,080 Speaker 1: broad deflation. Now, the question is how long can this 584 00:32:44,200 --> 00:32:47,160 Speaker 1: pain last? And this is where we come full circle 585 00:32:47,240 --> 00:32:51,280 Speaker 1: to this reverse reboth facility, because if the pain becomes 586 00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:57,360 Speaker 1: too acute for some large financial players, some major corporations, 587 00:32:57,360 --> 00:33:00,640 Speaker 1: some large financial institutions, and no I'm not talking about 588 00:33:00,840 --> 00:33:04,320 Speaker 1: large crypto institutions like ft X or anything like that. 589 00:33:04,320 --> 00:33:07,600 Speaker 1: That's just a result of the bubble and the mania collapsing. 590 00:33:07,960 --> 00:33:11,960 Speaker 1: I'm talking about big banks, the legal ponzi schemes um 591 00:33:12,080 --> 00:33:15,200 Speaker 1: not the illegal ones. I'm talking about the legal ones, 592 00:33:15,280 --> 00:33:19,400 Speaker 1: the licensed ones, the national monopoly on the creation of money, 593 00:33:19,400 --> 00:33:22,560 Speaker 1: ponzi schemes and counterfeiting and fraud called the US dollar, 594 00:33:22,720 --> 00:33:27,880 Speaker 1: and and banks and fractional reserve banking. As we see 595 00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:31,160 Speaker 1: problems crop up in the economy, it's very possible that 596 00:33:31,240 --> 00:33:36,239 Speaker 1: we see some major issues in the financial plumbing, the 597 00:33:36,400 --> 00:33:40,240 Speaker 1: plumbing of the financial system. If that becomes the case, 598 00:33:41,200 --> 00:33:44,680 Speaker 1: then the federal reserve will likely flush out the reverse 599 00:33:44,760 --> 00:33:48,040 Speaker 1: rep off facility in order to deal with that. I 600 00:33:48,160 --> 00:33:51,240 Speaker 1: do not think that they will flush out the reverse 601 00:33:51,280 --> 00:33:55,160 Speaker 1: repuff facility just to deal with some household economic pain. 602 00:33:56,160 --> 00:34:00,320 Speaker 1: They are looking to cause demand destruction in order to 603 00:34:00,480 --> 00:34:03,600 Speaker 1: solve their inflation problem. They printed a bunch of money 604 00:34:03,600 --> 00:34:06,600 Speaker 1: and made a bunch of people feel rich. That caused 605 00:34:06,680 --> 00:34:09,719 Speaker 1: prices to go up. Now to stop prices from going up, 606 00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:11,960 Speaker 1: they need to make people feel poor. And the way 607 00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:14,359 Speaker 1: to make Americans feel poors to make them actually poor, 608 00:34:14,800 --> 00:34:18,600 Speaker 1: and so demand destruction will be the way that they 609 00:34:18,640 --> 00:34:23,279 Speaker 1: achieve a victory over inflation. And what that means in 610 00:34:23,480 --> 00:34:27,319 Speaker 1: regular words is that the Federal Reserve is going to 611 00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:32,280 Speaker 1: make debt extremely expensive so that all of the overleveraged 612 00:34:32,320 --> 00:34:37,080 Speaker 1: households default, can't pay their bills and therefore can't keep 613 00:34:37,080 --> 00:34:38,959 Speaker 1: on buying a bunch of stuff that they don't need, 614 00:34:39,200 --> 00:34:43,719 Speaker 1: and have to stop buying things and can't afford basic necessities. 615 00:34:44,200 --> 00:34:48,400 Speaker 1: When the average American starts spending less money, then prices 616 00:34:48,520 --> 00:34:51,680 Speaker 1: will start to come back down. And the only way 617 00:34:51,800 --> 00:34:54,239 Speaker 1: that they see to up Americans from spending so much 618 00:34:54,280 --> 00:34:57,240 Speaker 1: money is to force them into it by forcing households 619 00:34:57,280 --> 00:35:00,480 Speaker 1: into default in bankruptcy and so I you think that 620 00:35:00,560 --> 00:35:02,680 Speaker 1: households have a lot of economic pain ahead of them. 621 00:35:02,920 --> 00:35:06,160 Speaker 1: But if we see some big issues with large corporations, 622 00:35:06,640 --> 00:35:12,040 Speaker 1: the federal government, or with financial institutions, then I think 623 00:35:12,080 --> 00:35:15,960 Speaker 1: we see the Federal Reserve flushing the reverse repo facility, 624 00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:19,279 Speaker 1: forcing two trillion dollars back out into the system to 625 00:35:19,400 --> 00:35:23,000 Speaker 1: cause some stimulus to rescue the system from one of 626 00:35:23,000 --> 00:35:28,200 Speaker 1: the big players failing. But even in the midst of that, 627 00:35:28,239 --> 00:35:32,759 Speaker 1: they will still be tightening. Uh. For the average individual, 628 00:35:33,560 --> 00:35:36,439 Speaker 1: Lending rates will still be going up. Your credit card 629 00:35:36,480 --> 00:35:39,720 Speaker 1: will get more expensive, your car loans new car loans 630 00:35:39,719 --> 00:35:43,239 Speaker 1: will be going up. Mortgages will probably be higher. So 631 00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:47,160 Speaker 1: we're going to see conditions for individuals get harder and 632 00:35:47,280 --> 00:35:50,560 Speaker 1: harder and harder. Even if we get this reverse bailout 633 00:35:50,600 --> 00:35:54,440 Speaker 1: reverse repo bailout from the FED. The thing to watch though, 634 00:35:54,800 --> 00:35:58,400 Speaker 1: is this reverse repo bailout, because the effect on assets 635 00:35:58,440 --> 00:36:01,040 Speaker 1: will likely still be the same. So once we see 636 00:36:01,080 --> 00:36:04,000 Speaker 1: the reverse repo facilities start to drain, even if it's 637 00:36:04,040 --> 00:36:07,000 Speaker 1: just to bail out the big boys, stocks will likely 638 00:36:07,400 --> 00:36:10,319 Speaker 1: have a boost from it. It may be short term, 639 00:36:10,360 --> 00:36:13,359 Speaker 1: temporary boost, but it'll probably be longer lasting. It will 640 00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:18,480 Speaker 1: probably signal the UM the bottom of the market. The 641 00:36:18,520 --> 00:36:20,799 Speaker 1: bottom of the market will probably already be in by 642 00:36:20,840 --> 00:36:24,799 Speaker 1: this time, but it'll be a very good signal UH 643 00:36:25,080 --> 00:36:28,319 Speaker 1: that the stock market has turned around, and it would 644 00:36:28,360 --> 00:36:31,760 Speaker 1: be UM a decent time to bet on the future 645 00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:35,600 Speaker 1: prices in the stock market going up rather than going down, 646 00:36:35,840 --> 00:36:39,040 Speaker 1: because at that point the system needs bailing out. It'll 647 00:36:39,080 --> 00:36:41,280 Speaker 1: start to get it, but it's only a two trillion 648 00:36:41,320 --> 00:36:43,839 Speaker 1: dollar band aid. A two trillion dollar band aid will 649 00:36:43,920 --> 00:36:46,680 Speaker 1: last a while, but it's not permanent. And if the 650 00:36:46,719 --> 00:36:50,319 Speaker 1: two trillion dollar band aid doesn't fix things permanently, then 651 00:36:50,600 --> 00:36:54,040 Speaker 1: the real bail out, the real money printer quantitative easing 652 00:36:54,360 --> 00:36:57,719 Speaker 1: will come back into play. And when quantitative easing comes 653 00:36:57,760 --> 00:37:01,720 Speaker 1: back into play, that'll be that'll be a game changer, 654 00:37:01,760 --> 00:37:04,800 Speaker 1: and we could be risking hyper inflation and the collapse 655 00:37:04,920 --> 00:37:09,279 Speaker 1: of the currency at that point. However, quantitative easing is 656 00:37:09,480 --> 00:37:14,120 Speaker 1: a discussion for a whole another episode UM to explain 657 00:37:14,120 --> 00:37:17,520 Speaker 1: the dynamics and the mechanics of what that is and 658 00:37:17,560 --> 00:37:20,960 Speaker 1: how that works. So for this episode we will stop 659 00:37:20,960 --> 00:37:25,799 Speaker 1: about here talking about the reverse repo facility. UM. In summary, 660 00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:29,480 Speaker 1: keep an eye on the reverse repo facility it's two 661 00:37:29,520 --> 00:37:33,160 Speaker 1: trillion dollars at the Federal Reserve has as that if 662 00:37:33,160 --> 00:37:36,120 Speaker 1: they start to drain, that that's when you will start 663 00:37:36,160 --> 00:37:40,640 Speaker 1: to see economic conditions turn around in terms of prices, 664 00:37:41,000 --> 00:37:44,800 Speaker 1: because prices will have to respond accordingly for the new money. 665 00:37:44,840 --> 00:37:47,480 Speaker 1: But until that happens, there will be less and less 666 00:37:47,520 --> 00:37:50,200 Speaker 1: money going around, which means conditions will get harder and 667 00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:53,880 Speaker 1: harder and tighter and tighter. So that is the reverse 668 00:37:54,040 --> 00:37:57,839 Speaker 1: repo market. And really appreciate you guys. Hope you all 669 00:37:57,920 --> 00:38:02,000 Speaker 1: have a really great Thanksgiving weekend, good time with family, 670 00:38:02,280 --> 00:38:06,120 Speaker 1: good time off from work, relaxing that you get a 671 00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:10,320 Speaker 1: good amount of recharge here. And uh, if you haven't already, 672 00:38:10,840 --> 00:38:15,160 Speaker 1: start focusing on putting your finances in order because times 673 00:38:15,160 --> 00:38:17,960 Speaker 1: are going to continue to get tough for a while here, 674 00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:22,720 Speaker 1: at least the next few months. So pay down unnecessary 675 00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:26,279 Speaker 1: high interest rate debt, get rid of any adjustable rate debt, 676 00:38:26,800 --> 00:38:30,920 Speaker 1: don't carry balances on your credit cards, start saving um 677 00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:33,680 Speaker 1: and get yourself in a position because there are some 678 00:38:33,800 --> 00:38:37,160 Speaker 1: deals on assets available already, and the longer things go 679 00:38:37,320 --> 00:38:40,080 Speaker 1: like this, the more deals we're gonna see. And so 680 00:38:40,440 --> 00:38:42,479 Speaker 1: the goal is to be able to buy when there's 681 00:38:42,480 --> 00:38:45,959 Speaker 1: blood in the streets, uh, and hopefully that blood isn't 682 00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:47,759 Speaker 1: your own. And so you want to be able to 683 00:38:47,840 --> 00:38:50,759 Speaker 1: have some dry powder, some cash on sidelines. You don't 684 00:38:50,800 --> 00:38:52,600 Speaker 1: want to be one of those people that's hurting and 685 00:38:52,640 --> 00:38:54,600 Speaker 1: that's in need of a bill it yourself. You want 686 00:38:54,640 --> 00:38:57,640 Speaker 1: to be the ones that are ready to take advantage 687 00:38:58,040 --> 00:39:02,080 Speaker 1: of those prices going out and those assets being on sale. 688 00:39:02,400 --> 00:39:04,960 Speaker 1: So make sure that you are not taking on additional 689 00:39:05,040 --> 00:39:09,960 Speaker 1: risk for no reason. Get things tight in order, and 690 00:39:10,160 --> 00:39:14,200 Speaker 1: uh and just wait because deals are coming. So again, 691 00:39:14,360 --> 00:39:17,600 Speaker 1: thank you so much for listening, and we will see 692 00:39:17,600 --> 00:39:21,839 Speaker 1: you next week, next week, next week,