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Speaker 1: From Media's World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is

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Speaker 1: Kel's We Can Review with Ryan kel Kell and now

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Speaker 1: Here's Kel. This week we celebrated Memorial Day. I being

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Speaker 1: a history nerd, a bit of a Civil War nerd,

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Speaker 1: and a guy who likes to eat stuff off the ground,

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Speaker 1: found this fascinating. Six d and twenty thousand soldiers died

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Speaker 1: during the Civil War. For every three soldiers killed in battle,

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Speaker 1: five more died from disease. Due to blockades of Southern ports,

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Speaker 1: which limited supplies of literally anything not manufactured in the

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Speaker 1: Southern States, Southerners had to get inventive and find alternatives

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Speaker 1: for a lot of things, like medicine. Recently, team of

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Speaker 1: researchers tested the antiseptic properties of some of the plants

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Speaker 1: used on the battlefield, white oak to a poplar, two trees,

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Speaker 1: and the Devil's walking stick, a shrub. Extracts were taken

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Speaker 1: from each and used on three species of bacteria common

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Speaker 1: to wound infections, staff le caucus Arius ace and eto

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Speaker 1: Bacter bamani and club cela new monia. Can you believe

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Speaker 1: I write this stuff for myself? I can't make it

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Speaker 1: harder anyway. All of the plants tested, white oak, tulip poplar,

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Speaker 1: and the Devil's Walking stick were shown to inhibit the

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Speaker 1: growth of all three bacteria. While the plants didn't kill

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Speaker 1: the bacteria, they did make them more susceptible to antibiotics.

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Speaker 1: Researchers found that the use of these plants as a

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Speaker 1: topical treatment likely saved some lives then and could potentially

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Speaker 1: help do so now. Just another reason to keep our

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Speaker 1: woods and waters healthy. Moving on, starting out with a

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Speaker 1: real interesting quick hitter. The Boone and Crockett Club just

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Speaker 1: recognized a ram taken from Hell's Canyon three years ago

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Speaker 1: as the biggest ever killed in Idaho, but the state

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Speaker 1: of Idaho is refusing to recognize it as an official

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Speaker 1: state record. This shouldn't be too surprising because there always

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Speaker 1: seems to be some tension around records. Where the issue

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Speaker 1: du jure comes from is the fact that the hunter

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Speaker 1: is a member of the nez Perst tribe and was

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Speaker 1: hunting on a treaty right, not with an I d

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Speaker 1: f G issued the lottery tag. The hunter who killed

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Speaker 1: the ram and question has been hunting big horns in

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Speaker 1: Hell's Canyon since the mid seventies and has killed ten

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Speaker 1: rams nine of those ranked as trophies by Boone and

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Speaker 1: Crockett standards, this last one landing at number twenty six

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Speaker 1: all time. The Boone and Crockett Club has no problem

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Speaker 1: entering this ram into the record book. It will be

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Speaker 1: interesting to see if Idaho Fish and Game changes their tune.

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Speaker 1: I personally wouldn't mind if they did. Records are made

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Speaker 1: to be broken. Coming up, we've got tasty songbirds, pigs

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Speaker 1: invading from the north, some monkey business, bad news, black bears,

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Speaker 1: and sharks. But first, I'm gonna tell you about my week.

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Speaker 1: I took advantage of the long weekend to drive seven

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Speaker 1: hours without leaving the state of Montana, met up with

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Speaker 1: some friends to attempt a fresh water spear fishing expedition

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Speaker 1: to Fort Peck Reservoir. If you've never heard of Fort Peck,

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Speaker 1: that's fine, but you should know it's the fifth largest

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Speaker 1: man made lake in the US and sports more coastline

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Speaker 1: than the state of California. On top of that, Fort

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Speaker 1: Peck held the title as the world's largest earth and

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Speaker 1: dam until the late seventies. That's not ringing a bell.

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Speaker 1: You may want a reference Granddad's old pile of Life magazines.

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Speaker 1: The damn Spillway made the cover back in nineteen thirty nine.

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Speaker 1: The amount of effort that went into this structure in

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Speaker 1: a place that many would call the middle of nowhere

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Speaker 1: is just amazing. However, you may never go to Fort

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Speaker 1: Peck as I didn't catch or spear of fish. Fifty

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Speaker 1: degree water full of sediment didn't produce much opportunity, and

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Speaker 1: as my buddy Matt Granella will tell you, the fishing

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Speaker 1: is always slow. And if you were to ask him

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Speaker 1: about the just general recreational boat opportunity on Fort Peck,

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Speaker 1: he may respond with the pecker can get a bit choppy.

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Speaker 1: That's a reference to eastern Montana wind and Fort Peck

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Speaker 1: wave action. Of course, keep in mind, despite the rough

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Speaker 1: roads serious lack of infrastructure, I think it's a beautiful

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Speaker 1: spot and you probably want to take information from a

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Speaker 1: large man with the small Corgi under his arm with

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Speaker 1: a grain of salt. Anyway, moving off, folks in Vermont

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Speaker 1: are enamored with a doughnut loving bear. I was naive

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Speaker 1: enough to hope that the bear in question had taken

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Speaker 1: advantage of a dumpster behind a semi rural donut shop that, sadly,

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Speaker 1: being my best case scenario, this female black bears AMERICANUS

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Speaker 1: is on the slow train to euthanasia conducted by US people.

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Speaker 1: Joke mainly in the Latin name contains both America and

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Speaker 1: ain't us kind of almost as if our coddling of

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Speaker 1: wildlife is making an ass out of our critters. I'll

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Speaker 1: admit I've got a soft spot for the America in

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Speaker 1: black bear. I found the black bear isn't often underrated,

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Speaker 1: but amazing critter to watch. Fortunately or not, they can

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Speaker 1: make a good living in what we call the urban interface,

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Speaker 1: the area where trees, grass, and solitude collide with paved

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Speaker 1: mountain parked cars. This is where the black bear finds

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Speaker 1: trouble in the form of garbage cans, bird feeders, and,

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Speaker 1: as in Vermont, intentional and deliberate feeding. This type of

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Speaker 1: human behavior frequently leads to dead bears, as bears make

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Speaker 1: the connection between people and easy meals are tolerance for

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Speaker 1: these urban encounters go down. One broken bird feeder was

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Speaker 1: a neat way to observe a bear, but not two

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Speaker 1: broken bird feeders, or, as sometimes happens, a black bear

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Speaker 1: in your garage, going through your stuff, or maybe in

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Speaker 1: your actual home. According to a two thousand fifteen study

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Speaker 1: released by US Fish and Wildlife the American black bears

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Speaker 1: the most abundant bear species on the planet. Populations are

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Speaker 1: currently at their highest level in the past one years,

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Speaker 1: with the North American population estimated at a out seven

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Speaker 1: hundred thousand, eight hundred thousand. As humans expand into bear habitat,

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Speaker 1: more conflicts arise. A huge factor in what becomes a

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Speaker 1: problem bear is human indifference and then human perception. Simply put,

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Speaker 1: if a bear keeps knocking over a bird feeder or

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Speaker 1: trash can, the feeder or trash can needs to be removed,

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Speaker 1: not refilled. If seeing a bear in the backyard or

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Speaker 1: on your street is reported as threatening, not just a

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Speaker 1: bear on the move, that bear could be lethally removed

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Speaker 1: or killed, as US Heathens call it. In Colorado, a

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Speaker 1: woman was bitten by a black bear while hiking near Aspen.

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Speaker 1: The details aren't real deep on this one yet, but

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Speaker 1: from the sounds of it, the hiker and her husband

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Speaker 1: were being respectful of the bear by moving off the

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Speaker 1: trail as the bear came through. As the bear passed,

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Speaker 1: it came in and bit the woman on the thigh,

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Speaker 1: then apparently went about its day. The bear is reported

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Speaker 1: to be two hundred to three hundred pounds and the

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Speaker 1: hiker is unharmed. Before I go on, I do want

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Speaker 1: to point out this is the same state that the

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Speaker 1: trail Runner mount lion attack came out of. We talked

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Speaker 1: about that in episode one of the Weekend Review. That

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Speaker 1: cat was initially reported by news outlets as a hundred

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Speaker 1: plus pound mountain lion. Later it turned into a twenty

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Speaker 1: four pound mountain lion kitten. I make this point because

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Speaker 1: there is no need for exaggeration when it comes to

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Speaker 1: animal attacks, as wild animals can do serious damage at

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Speaker 1: any size, even as juveniles. A two hundred to three

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Speaker 1: hundred pound black bear like we have in this case

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Speaker 1: is not a juvenile animal and makes for a very

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Speaker 1: serious encounter. Colorado Parks and Wildlife have called in US

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Speaker 1: Wildlife Services to help trap and kill the bear, as

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Speaker 1: the bears demonstrated aggressive behavior. I don't want to seem

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Speaker 1: like I'm overly protective, as I love to eat these

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Speaker 1: bears and I wouldn't mind a nice black bear rug

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Speaker 1: to throw over the back of the couch even but

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Speaker 1: I obviously have questions here, like how how is this

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Speaker 1: lady unharmed? If that part is true, I've had much

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Speaker 1: smaller yellow labs in this bear with much harder mouths.

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Speaker 1: If our hiker, who again appears to have tried to

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Speaker 1: keep a respectful distance, didn't get harmed, it seems as

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Speaker 1: if this bear demonstrated incredible restraint, and don't you hike

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Speaker 1: in the woods for a bit of that. Who knows

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Speaker 1: what the heck could happen type of feeling. For comparison.

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Speaker 1: In Yellowstone National Park, her last grizzly bear caused hiker

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Speaker 1: death was August of two thousand fifteen. In this incident,

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Speaker 1: it was determined that the bear attacked the couple hiking

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Speaker 1: because they were too close to her in her cubs.

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Speaker 1: The husband took the attack while the wife went unharmed.

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Speaker 1: Yellowstone National Park officials decided that in this case, the

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Speaker 1: humans were at fault, the sow and cubs reacted in

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Speaker 1: a natural way, and we're left to continue being grizzlies.

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Speaker 1: In one case, you have a bear that kills a man,

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Speaker 1: another a bear that bites a woman in a way

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Speaker 1: that leaves aroundhearmed. In the case the human death, the

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Speaker 1: bearon or young are allowed to go about their lives.

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Speaker 1: The case of the bite and run. Trained professionals are

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Speaker 1: attempting to trap and kill the bear. There are some

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Speaker 1: differences national park versus national forest, maybe proximity to town.

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Speaker 1: The similarities, however, are humans bumping into bears just being bears?

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Speaker 1: Moving on? Scientists from Germany recently discovered a particular band

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Speaker 1: of chimpanzees and gabon. They have adapted a unique eating habit,

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Speaker 1: smashing tortoises against trees and scooping up the meat. These

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Speaker 1: findings may promote new fields of study regarding distinctive subcultures

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Speaker 1: of primates, their use of tools, and ability to pass

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Speaker 1: those skills down to future generations. But it's also just

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Speaker 1: straight up fascinating and probably a bit more gruesome than

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Speaker 1: many grade ape levels can handle. One of the authors

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Speaker 1: of this study, Tobias Deshner, had this to say. They

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Speaker 1: see this as a hard shell object with some interesting

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Speaker 1: thing inside and need to crack it open and other

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Speaker 1: Monkey news. Researchers in Senegal experiment with flying drones over

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Speaker 1: troops of green monkeys. The monkeys responded with the vocalization

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Speaker 1: similar to the vocalization used by verbant monkeys to warn

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Speaker 1: each other about approaching eagles. Verbant monkeys actually have a

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Speaker 1: quote word for snakes, leopards, and eagles and respond accordingly

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Speaker 1: to the words by taking appropriate evasive action. The thing is,

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Speaker 1: green monkeys weren't known to have a vocalization for eagles,

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Speaker 1: as eagles don't prey on them, but the drone triggered

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Speaker 1: the vocalization from the monkeys, leaving researchers to question whether

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Speaker 1: language is genetically hardwired for them, a vestigial trait, so

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Speaker 1: to speak. When they played the new vocalization back to

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Speaker 1: other troops of green monkeys, they scammed the skies and

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Speaker 1: ran for cover. Pretty cool. My friend Steve ates some

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Speaker 1: monkey meat once from a red howler in South America,

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Speaker 1: still feels guilty about it. So far on the Weekend Review,

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Speaker 1: we've covered both tigers and birds extensively. Oddly enough, those

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Speaker 1: two species intersected sharks tiger sharks to be exact, and

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Speaker 1: one of my all time favorite movies, Jaws, the slightly

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Speaker 1: nerdy shark Guy Hooper played by Richard Dreyfuss, refers to

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Speaker 1: the tiger shark as the garbage can of the ocean,

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Speaker 1: and it's kind of true. Tiger sharks are known to

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Speaker 1: eat all sorts of stuff, tires, chicken coope complete with chickens, oranges, fish, sharks, turtles,

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Speaker 1: plastic sea snakes, and if you remember that scene from Jaws,

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Speaker 1: the occasional license plate a tiger shark is hoisted on

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Speaker 1: the dock for all the tourists to see confirmation that

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Speaker 1: the man eater has been killed. When Hooper, again played

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Speaker 1: by Richard Dreyfuss, convinces Sheriff Brody to perform a late

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Speaker 1: night examination of stomach contents, they find a couple of

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Speaker 1: fish heads, a tin can, and a license plate from Louisiana.

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Speaker 1: Enough about Jaws, although I could go on and on,

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Speaker 1: So where the hell of the birds come in? Mississippi

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Speaker 1: State University's Coastal Research and Extension Center report just published

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Speaker 1: an analysis of a hundred and five tiger sharks stomach contents. Now,

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Speaker 1: with all the odd items we just listed from Jaws

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Speaker 1: as a sort of fictional, though reasonable seeming benchmark, I

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Speaker 1: still find this next bit surprising. Of the hundred and

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Speaker 1: five sharks yielded ten land based bird species, again land based,

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Speaker 1: not marine birds, house wrens, marsh wrens, barn swallows, Eastern

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Speaker 1: meadow larks, Eastern kingbirds, or Tyrannus Tyrannus just a fun

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Speaker 1: Latin name for you. Birds are living dinosaur theorists, swamp sparrows,

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Speaker 1: common yellow throat, yellow bellied sapsuckers, white winged doves, and

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Speaker 1: brown thrashers. Birds you would see at the feeder in

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Speaker 1: the backyard keeping a watch out for house cats, not

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Speaker 1: tiger sharks. The standing theory for how these tiger sharks

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Speaker 1: are adding land based birds to their diet is as

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Speaker 1: these bird species migrated across the Gulf, migration being a

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Speaker 1: strenuous activity for birds, with many in weekend conditions, any

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Speaker 1: number of weather occurrences can bring these land birds down

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Speaker 1: into the Gulf. If this sounds too random, first considered

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Speaker 1: that an estimated two billion birds across the Gulf every year,

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Speaker 1: and that, according to bird watching survey is conducted by

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Speaker 1: Cornell University, peaks and bird sightings of the species eaten

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Speaker 1: match perfectly with when the samples were taken August through November,

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Speaker 1: a prime time for migrating songbirds and maybe not so coincidentally,

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Speaker 1: a time when there are three times more juvenile tiger

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Speaker 1: sharks in the Northern Gulf. Something to consider. Many of

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Speaker 1: the sharks with birds in their stomachs were juvenile sharks,

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Speaker 1: which dovetails nicely with the question why do mother tiger

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Speaker 1: sharks give birth to their young in the open gulf

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Speaker 1: instead of in protected bay? Is is it possible that

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Speaker 1: a land living bird migration has determined where sharks swim.

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Speaker 1: Keep in mind the biggest tiger sharks are female. Some

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Speaker 1: have been recorded over sixteen feet and close to two

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Speaker 1: thousand pounds your average barn swallow point six ounces. While

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Speaker 1: we don't know if mama tiger sharks are choosing to

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Speaker 1: give birth to their live young and the open ocean,

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Speaker 1: trusting that they'll be well fed by barn swallows or

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Speaker 1: wrens falling in big numbers from the sky, we do

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Speaker 1: know that tiger sharks aren't the only ones enjoying songbirds.

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Speaker 1: Take a look at what's happening across the Atlantic Ocean.

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Speaker 1: The Orderlon is a member of the bunting family. Average

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Speaker 1: weight point seven ounces. A little songbird, they have long

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Speaker 1: been prized not for their song, but for their taste,

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Speaker 1: and not by tiger sharks, but by affluent diners. Traditionally,

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Speaker 1: the Orderlon, once captured, is four sped grain until fattened

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Speaker 1: well beyond its normal size, then drown and brandy simultaneously

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Speaker 1: dispatched marinated. Then the Orderlon is cooked and served whole.

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Speaker 1: Diners who ate this tiny bird traditionally placed a napkin

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Speaker 1: over their heads while eating. Purpose of the napkin is

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Speaker 1: supposedly to prevent the aroma of the bird from escaping,

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Speaker 1: or to hide one's face from God during this shameful act.

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Speaker 1: If you don't care for the state of the bunting

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Speaker 1: or how you may eventually meet your maker, the napkin

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Speaker 1: would be used to hide oneself from other diners as

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Speaker 1: you spit out a bone or two, beat bones and

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Speaker 1: testines and feet all in one bite. One infamous diner,

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Speaker 1: Anthony Bourdain, said this of the Orderlon. Experience with every bite,

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Speaker 1: as the thin bones and layers of fat, meat, skin,

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Speaker 1: and organs com pact in on themselves, there are sublime

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Speaker 1: dribbles of varied and wondrous ancient flavors figs, armagnac, dark flesh,

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Speaker 1: slightly infused with the salty taste of my own blood

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Speaker 1: as my mouth is pricked by the sharp bones. Doesn't

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Speaker 1: that sound like an experi ariants napkin on head or not?

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Speaker 1: Here's the issue with this shameful act due to habitat loss,

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Speaker 1: changing agricultural practices, climate change, and the appetite of these

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Speaker 1: gastro elites. Europe's Ordolan population has declined by eighty eight

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Speaker 1: percent between nineteen eighty and two thousand sixteen during the

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Speaker 1: migration of the Ordolon bunting as they make their way

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Speaker 1: from the Baltic States, Finland and Scandinavia to North Africa,

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Speaker 1: and estimated three hundred thousand of the birds passed through

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Speaker 1: southwestern France. There, poachers catch around one tenth of migration

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Speaker 1: thirty thousand birds. These black market poachers use a combination

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Speaker 1: of live bait birds and cages and miss NEETs. The

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Speaker 1: live birds distract and lure the wild birds into the nets.

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Speaker 1: Missed nets are typically light nylon or polyester webbing strung

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Speaker 1: across a gap in the brush. Slightly loose. The nets

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Speaker 1: are hard to see. The birds will run into the

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Speaker 1: loose netting, where they will get tangled in the mesh

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Speaker 1: or drop into the kind of buckets the material creates.

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Speaker 1: The birds are unable to escape, but alive and for

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Speaker 1: the most part unharmed. Biologists and ornithologists use these nets

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Speaker 1: in studies all the time. Across most of the EU.

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Speaker 1: This trapping of Orderlon Bunting's has been illegal since nineteen

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Speaker 1: seventy nine. France was reluctant to get on board with

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Speaker 1: the band. They didn't adopt it until seven and then

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Speaker 1: only loosely enforced it until two thousand seven. The lack

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Speaker 1: of daisical approach to enforcement could be a testament to

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Speaker 1: the fact that the birds are so damned tasty no

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Speaker 1: one really cares if hunting hurts the bird population as

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Speaker 1: a whole or not. In wildlife markets, a single ordlan

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Speaker 1: can bring in one hundred euros about a hundred eleven

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Speaker 1: u s dollars. They often wait less than an ounce.

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Speaker 1: As the bird numbers continue to decline, these market prices

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Speaker 1: will start to climb. The Orderlon Bunting of France may

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Speaker 1: rest its fate on the belly of well the French,

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Speaker 1: but this song bird fetish isn't just French. According to

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Speaker 1: bird Life International, more than five million birds are poached

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Speaker 1: in Italy every year, putting the French to shame. I

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Speaker 1: really risk being an elitist here, but a lot of

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Speaker 1: what is driving this is the established legal sale of wildlife.

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Speaker 1: For instance, in Malta, you can catch and sell golden

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Speaker 1: plovers and song threshes, but you can't trap or sell finches.

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Speaker 1: Some of these birds are going straight into the family pot,

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Speaker 1: but millions are being sold, both legally and illegally. Anyone

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Speaker 1: who's familiar with the story of wildlife conservation in American

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Speaker 1: can tell you that hunting can both hurt and help

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Speaker 1: wildlife populations. Just as the white tailed deer, which was

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Speaker 1: nearly exterminated by hunters and then rebuilt to populations that

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Speaker 1: far exceed any point in the continent's history, wild pigs

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Speaker 1: have any interesting story as well, though not as easy

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Speaker 1: to conceptualize. First off, all pigs, from the one in

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Speaker 1: your Illinois barn to the razorback running wild and South

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Speaker 1: Texas to a genuine Siberian hog in Siberia are all

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Speaker 1: sious scrap. It's just one species. Their native to Europe, Asia,

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Speaker 1: the Middle East, the Greek Isles, and introduced by humans

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Speaker 1: virtually everywhere else Australia, Hawaii, Patagonia, Mexico, the southern US, California,

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Speaker 1: and on again, off again all over the rest of

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Speaker 1: the US except the last bastion of pig free land,

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Speaker 1: the Northern Rockies, but now they're coming. That's right, Canadian

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Speaker 1: bacon may soon be readily available in Montana. And the

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Speaker 1: best part, the bacon may import itself. That's a terrible

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Speaker 1: joke that I'll stop right now. I know my Canuck

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Speaker 1: friends will hate me for it. Something to do with

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Speaker 1: the fact that Canadian bacon isn't a Canadian term. Apparently

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Speaker 1: there's a pork shortage in the UK and the mid

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Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds, and they use a lot of Canadian pork.

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Speaker 1: Just a fun fact for you while I'm at it.

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Speaker 1: Here's a few more. A group of pigs is called

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Speaker 1: a sounder, the term for when a pig buries itself

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Speaker 1: in the snow, a pig glue. I just can't help myself.

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Speaker 1: Back to pig wild swine hogs, that is, wild big

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Speaker 1: populations have been growing steadily in Saskatchewan for almost thirty years.

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Speaker 1: I'm a huge fan of hunting in Canada. Years ago,

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Speaker 1: I heard the rumors firsthand. Only, as it turns out,

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Speaker 1: these pigtails weren't rumors at all. European wild boy brought

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Speaker 1: in for food or for game. Farms have slowly built

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Speaker 1: populations away from people. Getting away from people in Saskatchewan

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Speaker 1: is not hard to do, which is why Saskatchewan, much

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Speaker 1: of Canada is so darned great great for hunting, fishing,

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Speaker 1: Tim Horton's catchup flavored chips, real fruit bars, moose head lagger,

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Speaker 1: and growing pigs apparently looking south, though wild pigs already

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Speaker 1: cause extreme amounts of damage basically everywhere else in the

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Speaker 1: US estimated damage at over a billion and a half

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Speaker 1: dollars a year. Still, some in Montana may be thinking

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Speaker 1: that a wild pig population in the state could say

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Speaker 1: them a trip to Texas or California for that hog

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Speaker 1: in the freezer. Well, the state is way ahead of

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Speaker 1: you on this one. If you grow look in the

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Speaker 1: Montana state hunting regulations right now, you would find pig

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Speaker 1: hunting is illegal. At first impression, this may sound like

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Speaker 1: a pig protection measure, Well it's not. Hunters are bad

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Speaker 1: at eradicating pigs. Furthermore, it's been proven that hunters are

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Speaker 1: good at spreading pigs. That's right. More and more, it's

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Speaker 1: been found that hunters love to talk about killing off

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Speaker 1: pigs and the devastation that they bring the agricultural community.

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Speaker 1: But boy, you know they're kind of tasty and uh,

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Speaker 1: by the way, those pigs are really fun to hunt.

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Speaker 1: That's why pig hunting is illegal in Montana and why

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Speaker 1: this is not a new tactic to stop the spread

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Speaker 1: of pigs in the US. In fact, Montana is joining

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Speaker 1: the states of Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington,

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Speaker 1: and Nevada and making the hunting of this costly invasive

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Speaker 1: species illegal. If this still doesn't sound right to you,

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Speaker 1: maybe these states learned to lessen from our friends over

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Speaker 1: in year and their bird dilemma. Folks tend to follow

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Speaker 1: the rules a little better, whistle a different tune, if

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Speaker 1: you will, when they can't make a profit off of critter.

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Speaker 1: Thanks a bunch. This has been Cal's weekend review. Let

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Speaker 1: me know how I'm doing and what I've missed and

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Speaker 1: messed up at Ask Cal at the meat eater dot com.

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Speaker 1: That's a s k C A l at the meat

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Speaker 1: eater dot com. If you loved what you heard, go

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Speaker 1: to wherever podcasts or downloaded, streamed or listened to subscribe

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Speaker 1: and leave me a review by hitting that furthest right

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Speaker 1: hand start. Thanks again and see you next week.