1 00:00:02,480 --> 00:00:06,800 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio news. 2 00:00:09,640 --> 00:00:12,880 Speaker 2: This is the Bloomberg Daybreak Aisia podcast. I'm Doug Prisner. 3 00:00:12,920 --> 00:00:15,400 Speaker 2: You can join Brian Curtis and myself for the stories, 4 00:00:15,440 --> 00:00:18,520 Speaker 2: making news and moving markets in the APAC region. You 5 00:00:18,600 --> 00:00:21,439 Speaker 2: can subscribe to the show anywhere you get your podcast 6 00:00:21,520 --> 00:00:24,919 Speaker 2: and always on Bloomberg Radio, the Bloomberg Terminal, and the 7 00:00:24,920 --> 00:00:26,080 Speaker 2: Bloomberg Business App. 8 00:00:27,360 --> 00:00:31,000 Speaker 3: Joining us now is Nadia Level, senior US equity strategist 9 00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:33,159 Speaker 3: at UBS Global Wealth Management. 10 00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:34,640 Speaker 4: Nadi, we heard. 11 00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:36,120 Speaker 3: There that we've got a lot of speakers this week, 12 00:00:36,159 --> 00:00:40,040 Speaker 3: not only Governors Bowman, Coogler, and Cook, but then Presidents Rafield, 13 00:00:40,040 --> 00:00:43,320 Speaker 3: Bostik and Austin Goolsby. How do you see the FED 14 00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:45,320 Speaker 3: message evolving this week? 15 00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:48,479 Speaker 5: You know, it would be interesting to see what the 16 00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:53,000 Speaker 5: message is because our sense was this fifty basis points 17 00:00:53,479 --> 00:00:57,000 Speaker 5: cut was something that Paul really wanted to get through. 18 00:00:57,720 --> 00:01:00,920 Speaker 5: Could not afford to see any potential for the weakness 19 00:01:00,920 --> 00:01:05,399 Speaker 5: in the labor market, especially given that monetary policy acts 20 00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:07,560 Speaker 5: with a lag. I mean, we saw from the updated 21 00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:10,480 Speaker 5: dots that it suggests that maybe some participants wanted a 22 00:01:10,480 --> 00:01:12,800 Speaker 5: smaller cut. The medium dot didn't move up to one 23 00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:15,200 Speaker 5: hundred basis points, but you had nine participants that are 24 00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:17,800 Speaker 5: at seventy five basis points or less for the rest 25 00:01:17,800 --> 00:01:20,160 Speaker 5: of the year. But we know that you know, self 26 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:23,679 Speaker 5: landed are hard and to navigate, and Powell wanted to 27 00:01:23,680 --> 00:01:26,080 Speaker 5: get ahead of this. This is also about his legacy, 28 00:01:26,120 --> 00:01:28,119 Speaker 5: and so he wanted to cut from a position of strength. 29 00:01:28,400 --> 00:01:32,000 Speaker 5: Our core view has been since the week July payrolls 30 00:01:32,040 --> 00:01:34,319 Speaker 5: that we would get one hundred basis points have cut 31 00:01:34,520 --> 00:01:36,680 Speaker 5: this year, and that remains our stand. We continue to 32 00:01:36,720 --> 00:01:39,319 Speaker 5: think that the disinflation is happening faster than the FED 33 00:01:39,440 --> 00:01:42,400 Speaker 5: was expected. We saw them reduce those numbers, and so 34 00:01:42,720 --> 00:01:44,960 Speaker 5: we do think that the commentary this week probably will 35 00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:46,920 Speaker 5: skew a little bit hawk is just given where the 36 00:01:46,959 --> 00:01:50,760 Speaker 5: dots are and there's obviously dispersion on the committee. 37 00:01:50,920 --> 00:01:53,440 Speaker 2: Yeah, Chris Waller was saying Friday, I think in an 38 00:01:53,520 --> 00:01:57,000 Speaker 2: interview with CNBC that it was the favorable inflation data, 39 00:01:57,080 --> 00:02:00,400 Speaker 2: not worries about the labor market, that convinced him to 40 00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:03,600 Speaker 2: support that fifty bases point rate cut. So again, good 41 00:02:03,640 --> 00:02:08,000 Speaker 2: news on inflation, not so much concern about the US 42 00:02:08,040 --> 00:02:11,240 Speaker 2: moving into recession. But with everything that we've been talking about, Noddy, 43 00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:14,919 Speaker 2: I'm curious as to how it's affected the house strategy 44 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:18,480 Speaker 2: at UBS on putting money to work in the equity market. 45 00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:22,080 Speaker 5: You know, I think last week was somewhat of a 46 00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:27,000 Speaker 5: Goldilock scenario for the markets. You got that sizeable recalibration 47 00:02:27,080 --> 00:02:30,200 Speaker 5: of cut, but also the macro data was pretty decent, 48 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:32,680 Speaker 5: and it feels like the bar for cuts going forward, 49 00:02:33,680 --> 00:02:36,560 Speaker 5: you know, is lower, and that boosts the probability of 50 00:02:36,880 --> 00:02:40,600 Speaker 5: soft landing. So we think that that's overall supportive forwards assets. 51 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:42,320 Speaker 5: You know, we're sort of in the environment again where 52 00:02:42,400 --> 00:02:44,520 Speaker 5: market is probably back to good news is good news 53 00:02:44,560 --> 00:02:47,799 Speaker 5: and bad news is good is good news, and so 54 00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:50,280 Speaker 5: we think that that, along with the fact that you 55 00:02:50,360 --> 00:02:53,359 Speaker 5: still have a corporate earnings environment that's brought it in out, 56 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:55,079 Speaker 5: we think that it will continue to broad it out. 57 00:02:55,120 --> 00:02:57,840 Speaker 6: That should be supportive for the equity markets. 58 00:02:57,840 --> 00:02:59,640 Speaker 5: So we think the ecre markets can reach you know, 59 00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:01,919 Speaker 5: six two hundred by the middle of next year, and 60 00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:04,880 Speaker 5: so we've been advising clients to continue to put money 61 00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:07,160 Speaker 5: to work, particularly in high quality stocks. 62 00:03:08,120 --> 00:03:10,200 Speaker 3: Yeah, I think probably what you meant was good news 63 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:12,720 Speaker 3: is good news and bad news would be bad news. 64 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:14,440 Speaker 4: The economy is growing. 65 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:16,919 Speaker 6: Bad news good news as well. 66 00:03:17,360 --> 00:03:18,440 Speaker 4: You think that good news? 67 00:03:18,520 --> 00:03:22,240 Speaker 3: Okay, well, yeah, I'm sort of when I look at earnings, 68 00:03:22,360 --> 00:03:26,800 Speaker 3: earnings are growing again after being stunted. The economy is 69 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:30,560 Speaker 3: growing moderately. It seems like if we judge the economy now, 70 00:03:30,639 --> 00:03:32,640 Speaker 3: we can say, well, we're in a kind of soft 71 00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:36,400 Speaker 3: landing position. So it does beg the question, I suppose 72 00:03:36,480 --> 00:03:39,160 Speaker 3: what comes next? Do we get better from here or 73 00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:40,120 Speaker 3: do we get worse from here? 74 00:03:41,600 --> 00:03:43,360 Speaker 5: I think that, you know, I think that we do 75 00:03:43,680 --> 00:03:47,080 Speaker 5: continue to chug along here. Don't think that we do 76 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:49,320 Speaker 5: expect the economy to slow down from here. I mean, 77 00:03:49,360 --> 00:03:51,720 Speaker 5: we're running at two point nine percent if you look 78 00:03:51,720 --> 00:03:54,400 Speaker 5: at Atlanta fed GDP now for the third quarter, So 79 00:03:54,440 --> 00:03:57,480 Speaker 5: we're looking for a pace to slow down to somewhere 80 00:03:57,560 --> 00:03:59,920 Speaker 5: closer to two percent, closer to trend line. 81 00:03:59,720 --> 00:04:01,280 Speaker 6: Over the next six months. 82 00:04:01,400 --> 00:04:04,840 Speaker 5: But at the same time, corporate earnings is accelerated, and 83 00:04:04,840 --> 00:04:07,080 Speaker 5: that's because we're having that brought it out. We know 84 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:09,680 Speaker 5: that you know, much of the late last year into 85 00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:11,640 Speaker 5: the first half of this year, that a lot of 86 00:04:11,680 --> 00:04:14,600 Speaker 5: the growth was driven by tech tech companies, those megacap 87 00:04:14,640 --> 00:04:17,040 Speaker 5: tech companies, and now you're seeing some other parts of 88 00:04:17,080 --> 00:04:20,520 Speaker 5: the economy of the S and B, the more cyclical 89 00:04:20,600 --> 00:04:23,240 Speaker 5: areas are starting to see earnings grow again, and so 90 00:04:23,279 --> 00:04:24,799 Speaker 5: that's going to help earns accelerate. 91 00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:25,720 Speaker 7: You know, we're. 92 00:04:25,520 --> 00:04:29,800 Speaker 5: Expecting you know, low double digit earnings growth for the 93 00:04:29,839 --> 00:04:32,279 Speaker 5: next twelve months, and that would be supportive to the 94 00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:33,040 Speaker 5: overall market. 95 00:04:33,160 --> 00:04:36,200 Speaker 2: So are you advising clients to take a little out 96 00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:39,039 Speaker 2: of some of that megacap tech trade that you just 97 00:04:39,520 --> 00:04:43,080 Speaker 2: identified there and maybe moving in into something that's a 98 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:47,120 Speaker 2: lower valuation and maybe more exposed to the economy. 99 00:04:48,279 --> 00:04:51,200 Speaker 6: So we have a balance set to outlook. 100 00:04:51,360 --> 00:04:54,440 Speaker 5: Continue to like tech for those secular tail words, particularly 101 00:04:54,440 --> 00:04:59,880 Speaker 5: around AI, also like financials as well for that cyclical exposure, 102 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:03,640 Speaker 5: also the benefit of rates, and then on the defensive side, 103 00:05:03,839 --> 00:05:06,880 Speaker 5: like utilities for the secular part of the story as well, particularly. 104 00:05:06,600 --> 00:05:09,520 Speaker 6: Empowering up AI. So not necessarily. 105 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:11,000 Speaker 5: Saying that you have to sell your tap to move 106 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:13,440 Speaker 5: into the cicle careeras MAANDMA, there's a lot of cash 107 00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:16,320 Speaker 5: sitting on the sidelines. We're seeing it among our own 108 00:05:16,360 --> 00:05:19,560 Speaker 5: client space, so we're encouraging clients to put that move 109 00:05:19,640 --> 00:05:21,600 Speaker 5: some of that cash off of the sala and into 110 00:05:21,640 --> 00:05:24,640 Speaker 5: the market, particularly in those higher quality areas of the market. 111 00:05:25,600 --> 00:05:28,680 Speaker 3: Yeah, so you mentioned housing recovery. You see that as well. 112 00:05:28,800 --> 00:05:33,119 Speaker 3: I'm curious if the current positioning of the of the tenure, 113 00:05:33,160 --> 00:05:35,680 Speaker 3: I mean, it's it actually edged higher since the FED 114 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:38,479 Speaker 3: rate cut, whether or not if that continues. 115 00:05:38,520 --> 00:05:40,800 Speaker 4: We're at the three seventy four on the tenure. 116 00:05:40,839 --> 00:05:43,520 Speaker 3: Now, how high does that go where you start to 117 00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:46,880 Speaker 3: get nervous because you know thirty your mortgages are generally 118 00:05:46,920 --> 00:05:48,440 Speaker 3: priced off the tenure, right. 119 00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:53,320 Speaker 5: Absolutely, I mean we have expected tenures to sort of 120 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:55,760 Speaker 5: come into three point eight five by the end of 121 00:05:55,760 --> 00:05:59,200 Speaker 5: the years. As you said, it is thirty year mortgages 122 00:05:59,279 --> 00:06:02,799 Speaker 5: more tied in year you're seeing. So we don't expect 123 00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:04,599 Speaker 5: to any of to move much higher from here. 124 00:06:04,680 --> 00:06:05,920 Speaker 6: We do expect. 125 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:09,159 Speaker 5: Mortgage rates to sort of continue to come down as well, 126 00:06:09,200 --> 00:06:10,960 Speaker 5: and that should be supported for the house and market. 127 00:06:10,960 --> 00:06:13,200 Speaker 5: We know that the housing market hasn't been a demand issue. 128 00:06:13,200 --> 00:06:15,320 Speaker 5: It's going to supply issue. A lot of people are 129 00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:17,880 Speaker 5: locked into very low mortgage rates and so we think 130 00:06:17,880 --> 00:06:20,880 Speaker 5: that that should help also some housing turnover, which should 131 00:06:20,920 --> 00:06:23,640 Speaker 5: be supportive to all of those companies that are in 132 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:25,039 Speaker 5: the house and ecosystem. 133 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:27,320 Speaker 2: So when you sit down and you listen to what 134 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:31,040 Speaker 2: some of the other strategists over at UBS are saying 135 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:33,679 Speaker 2: about the degree to which the election in the fall 136 00:06:33,760 --> 00:06:35,720 Speaker 2: is going to have an impact on markets. What are 137 00:06:35,720 --> 00:06:36,159 Speaker 2: they saying. 138 00:06:37,600 --> 00:06:40,640 Speaker 6: So, we we think that it's a very close call. 139 00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:43,280 Speaker 5: I mean, we give a probability of a Harris win 140 00:06:43,480 --> 00:06:47,719 Speaker 5: fifty five percent and a Trump fixery forty five percent. 141 00:06:48,040 --> 00:06:50,159 Speaker 5: What we've been advising clients to do is to not 142 00:06:50,240 --> 00:06:52,599 Speaker 5: make any mandor changes to their asset. 143 00:06:52,320 --> 00:06:53,960 Speaker 6: Allocation or an account of the election. 144 00:06:54,240 --> 00:06:55,960 Speaker 5: But at the same time, of course, there are some 145 00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:58,279 Speaker 5: clients who are concerned about a pick of involatility that 146 00:06:58,320 --> 00:07:01,039 Speaker 5: we've been advising hedge and strat A, particularly clients that 147 00:07:01,080 --> 00:07:03,640 Speaker 5: have exposure to stocks that might be more sensitive to 148 00:07:03,680 --> 00:07:06,280 Speaker 5: the election. So think about those stocks that might be 149 00:07:06,320 --> 00:07:10,480 Speaker 5: exposed to tariffs should president former president Trump wins, or 150 00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:14,280 Speaker 5: some of the stocks that are financials could benefit from 151 00:07:14,320 --> 00:07:15,320 Speaker 5: a Trump victory. 152 00:07:15,520 --> 00:07:16,800 Speaker 6: And then on the other side and the. 153 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:19,320 Speaker 5: Harris sort of victory, then you have those green energy 154 00:07:19,320 --> 00:07:22,280 Speaker 5: stocks that could benefit. So we've been advising clients to 155 00:07:22,320 --> 00:07:24,840 Speaker 5: do things on the margins and not make any major changes. 156 00:07:25,760 --> 00:07:26,120 Speaker 4: Nadia. 157 00:07:26,240 --> 00:07:30,080 Speaker 3: If Harris wins, so will likely see changes to corporate taxes, 158 00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:34,640 Speaker 3: they'll eventually be higher than now. Is it simply mathematics 159 00:07:34,680 --> 00:07:38,000 Speaker 3: that that will cut into profits absolutely? 160 00:07:38,040 --> 00:07:42,640 Speaker 5: I mean Harris has proposed twenty eight percent to corporate 161 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:45,400 Speaker 5: tax rate versus twenty one percent today, and also even 162 00:07:45,440 --> 00:07:48,480 Speaker 5: the buybacks, lifting the buybacks from one percent rate to 163 00:07:48,680 --> 00:07:51,920 Speaker 5: four percent tax rate. And so when you think about that, 164 00:07:51,920 --> 00:07:54,160 Speaker 5: that could be like a mid single digit hit to 165 00:07:54,360 --> 00:07:57,440 Speaker 5: corporate profits, and so that will probably have a drag 166 00:07:57,800 --> 00:07:59,080 Speaker 5: on the market as well. 167 00:07:59,160 --> 00:08:00,000 Speaker 6: So something to watch. 168 00:08:00,920 --> 00:08:03,560 Speaker 3: Nadia, thank you for joining us. Nadia level their senior 169 00:08:03,640 --> 00:08:14,200 Speaker 3: US equity strategist over at UBS Global Wealth Management. Bill Adams, 170 00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:17,200 Speaker 3: chief economist for a Comerica Bank, joins us now to 171 00:08:17,400 --> 00:08:21,320 Speaker 3: discuss conditions underlying in the US economy. Bill, thank you 172 00:08:21,680 --> 00:08:24,000 Speaker 3: for being with us. One of the trends that we've 173 00:08:24,040 --> 00:08:26,480 Speaker 3: seen since the Fed made that big rate cut is 174 00:08:26,480 --> 00:08:29,720 Speaker 3: a steepening of the yield curve. Does the action by 175 00:08:29,760 --> 00:08:32,719 Speaker 3: the Fed almost guarantee that will continue to see this 176 00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:35,480 Speaker 3: play out over the coming weeks? And what are the 177 00:08:35,520 --> 00:08:36,360 Speaker 3: implications of. 178 00:08:36,320 --> 00:08:37,360 Speaker 4: A steeper yield curve? 179 00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:40,960 Speaker 1: I think the steeper yield curve is a sign that 180 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:45,160 Speaker 1: the monetary stance in the United States is getting back 181 00:08:45,200 --> 00:08:51,400 Speaker 1: towards normal after a very restrictive period. So economists, market strategists, 182 00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:53,959 Speaker 1: we've been talking at nauseum over the last couple of 183 00:08:54,080 --> 00:08:57,160 Speaker 1: years about the inverted yield curve as a recession signal, 184 00:08:58,040 --> 00:09:01,160 Speaker 1: and the uninversion of the ill curve often is seen 185 00:09:01,200 --> 00:09:06,360 Speaker 1: as a warning sign for equities because in cycles, when 186 00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:09,120 Speaker 1: the inverted yield curve is followed by a recession, you know, 187 00:09:09,200 --> 00:09:11,640 Speaker 1: this is the point where the FED is cutting that 188 00:09:11,720 --> 00:09:13,680 Speaker 1: uninverted the yield curve, and that's the sign that the 189 00:09:13,720 --> 00:09:17,000 Speaker 1: recession is beginning this time, knock on wood, I feel 190 00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:17,959 Speaker 1: looks different. 191 00:09:18,040 --> 00:09:18,480 Speaker 4: So far. 192 00:09:19,080 --> 00:09:23,000 Speaker 1: It looks like the FED is cutting largely because inflation 193 00:09:23,120 --> 00:09:25,080 Speaker 1: is coming back to the Fed's target, and that's quite 194 00:09:25,160 --> 00:09:28,360 Speaker 1: good news for the economy and good news for risk 195 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:29,600 Speaker 1: acids as well as well. 196 00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:32,720 Speaker 2: So do you think the FED in cutting by fifty 197 00:09:32,760 --> 00:09:35,400 Speaker 2: basis points last week was declaring victory. 198 00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:40,880 Speaker 1: I think the fifty basis point cut was in part 199 00:09:40,920 --> 00:09:44,960 Speaker 1: a reaction to expectations for lower inflation over the next 200 00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:47,360 Speaker 1: couple of months. Reading so, we've seen a move lower 201 00:09:47,360 --> 00:09:52,160 Speaker 1: and energy prices, and in part due to the solid 202 00:09:52,200 --> 00:09:57,200 Speaker 1: supply and weak demand globally, especially Europe, and Asia, and 203 00:09:57,360 --> 00:10:00,640 Speaker 1: that's going to translate into lower headline inflation in the 204 00:10:00,679 --> 00:10:04,720 Speaker 1: next couple of months, and the FED doesn't want inflation 205 00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:07,520 Speaker 1: adjusted interest rates to be rising at this point because 206 00:10:07,559 --> 00:10:10,600 Speaker 1: the unemployment rates already a little higher, there's a marginist 207 00:10:10,679 --> 00:10:14,920 Speaker 1: lack in the job market, and inflation is closer to 208 00:10:14,600 --> 00:10:18,400 Speaker 1: their target, so there's not as much of a case 209 00:10:18,480 --> 00:10:23,160 Speaker 1: for tight monetary policy. So I think there's an element 210 00:10:24,679 --> 00:10:28,560 Speaker 1: of moving because of the inflation outlook. I think also 211 00:10:28,960 --> 00:10:31,679 Speaker 1: the big downward revisions to the jobs data released over 212 00:10:31,720 --> 00:10:34,480 Speaker 1: the month of August and into the beginning of September 213 00:10:34,679 --> 00:10:37,000 Speaker 1: really changed the picture about the labor market. The labor 214 00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:40,280 Speaker 1: market had looked really solid when the FED last met 215 00:10:40,320 --> 00:10:44,360 Speaker 1: in July. The twelve month moving average of payrolls growth 216 00:10:44,400 --> 00:10:46,920 Speaker 1: was two hundred and eighteen thousand with the data in 217 00:10:46,920 --> 00:10:50,559 Speaker 1: hand on July thirty first. As of the September meeting, 218 00:10:50,640 --> 00:10:52,920 Speaker 1: that twelve month average was down due I think one 219 00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:55,480 Speaker 1: hundred and fifty seven thousand, So a very different picture, 220 00:10:55,880 --> 00:11:00,000 Speaker 1: much cooler labor market, justifying a move away from restrictive 221 00:11:00,040 --> 00:11:02,679 Speaker 1: and back towards neutral monetary policy. 222 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:05,840 Speaker 4: But Bill, it still feels pretty good with where we're at. 223 00:11:05,840 --> 00:11:07,040 Speaker 4: With the US economy. 224 00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:11,280 Speaker 3: And sometimes, you know, when you see the FED cutting 225 00:11:11,280 --> 00:11:14,800 Speaker 3: interest rates into an economy that's performing pretty well, you 226 00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:17,760 Speaker 3: start to, you know, get nervous about things being too good. 227 00:11:18,559 --> 00:11:20,840 Speaker 3: And so as long as we're feeling nervous and feeling 228 00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:22,800 Speaker 3: a little guilty, what do. 229 00:11:22,840 --> 00:11:24,440 Speaker 4: We worry about the most? So what do you worry 230 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:25,079 Speaker 4: about the most? 231 00:11:26,160 --> 00:11:29,200 Speaker 1: Well, it's our jobs to worry right So in terms 232 00:11:29,240 --> 00:11:31,840 Speaker 1: of the things I worry about right now, top of 233 00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:37,000 Speaker 1: mind is the global energy supply with wars in the 234 00:11:37,040 --> 00:11:41,440 Speaker 1: Mid East, war in Ukraine. If we saw an interruption 235 00:11:41,640 --> 00:11:44,400 Speaker 1: energy supply see WTI jump to one hundred and fifty 236 00:11:44,480 --> 00:11:47,319 Speaker 1: two hundred dollars a barrel, that would be a major 237 00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:51,840 Speaker 1: blow to the US economy. I think the other downside 238 00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:54,200 Speaker 1: risk to the US economy that we've been talking about 239 00:11:54,240 --> 00:11:57,600 Speaker 1: over the course of the year, you know, some of 240 00:11:57,600 --> 00:12:01,160 Speaker 1: them are these sort of long bubbling issues like the 241 00:12:01,400 --> 00:12:06,440 Speaker 1: commercial real estate in large big city downtowns, think you know, 242 00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:12,760 Speaker 1: San Francisco, Manhattan, Chicago, the but you know, that issue 243 00:12:12,800 --> 00:12:17,040 Speaker 1: also seems like it's it's getting better understood. And also 244 00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:21,680 Speaker 1: with interest rates moving down faster than had seemed likely 245 00:12:21,720 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 1: to be the case, a couple of months ago. I 246 00:12:23,960 --> 00:12:26,240 Speaker 1: think that is a bit of going to be a 247 00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:28,480 Speaker 1: bit of a cushion for real estate. So a lot 248 00:12:28,520 --> 00:12:32,440 Speaker 1: of the interest rates sensitive downside risk to the US 249 00:12:32,520 --> 00:12:36,160 Speaker 1: economy look less concerning now given the change in the 250 00:12:36,160 --> 00:12:37,160 Speaker 1: Fed's outlook. 251 00:12:37,400 --> 00:12:40,560 Speaker 2: So, as you know, last week, Powell was talking about 252 00:12:40,640 --> 00:12:44,080 Speaker 2: recalibrating FED policy to a more neutral level. Do you 253 00:12:44,080 --> 00:12:46,560 Speaker 2: have a sense of where neutral is? What's the neutral rate? 254 00:12:46,760 --> 00:12:47,439 Speaker 2: In your work? 255 00:12:49,040 --> 00:12:50,880 Speaker 1: Neutral is lower than where we are today. 256 00:12:51,000 --> 00:12:54,400 Speaker 4: Yeah, okay, so it's it's. 257 00:12:53,960 --> 00:12:57,800 Speaker 1: Not four and three quarters. It's probably not four. It's 258 00:12:57,800 --> 00:13:01,640 Speaker 1: probably not three and a half. Maybe it's three, maybe 259 00:13:01,679 --> 00:13:04,320 Speaker 1: it's two and a half. Maybe it could be somewhere 260 00:13:04,320 --> 00:13:09,120 Speaker 1: in there. I have penciled in lightly a neutral rate of, 261 00:13:09,760 --> 00:13:11,760 Speaker 1: you know, between two and a half and three percent 262 00:13:11,880 --> 00:13:15,960 Speaker 1: in my forecast. But it's a very academic discussion right 263 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:18,640 Speaker 1: now because it doesn't look like interest rates are headed 264 00:13:18,679 --> 00:13:21,280 Speaker 1: back to neutral in the near term. It's not a 265 00:13:21,320 --> 00:13:22,520 Speaker 1: twenty twenty five story. 266 00:13:22,840 --> 00:13:23,040 Speaker 4: Now. 267 00:13:23,200 --> 00:13:29,120 Speaker 1: If this soft landing dynamic turns into a more serious 268 00:13:29,160 --> 00:13:33,880 Speaker 1: economic downturn, then the Fed could be cutting more aggressively, 269 00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:38,280 Speaker 1: and would they cut down to quote unquote neutral very quickly? 270 00:13:38,360 --> 00:13:42,720 Speaker 1: Would they go past neutral into expansionary territory. I think 271 00:13:42,800 --> 00:13:47,360 Speaker 1: that that's a possibility. It's not my base case, but. 272 00:13:47,360 --> 00:13:47,880 Speaker 4: I think the. 273 00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:52,520 Speaker 1: You know, the question of where is neutral, you know, 274 00:13:52,600 --> 00:13:54,680 Speaker 1: it's not an issue that we have to be able 275 00:13:54,679 --> 00:13:55,600 Speaker 1: to answer right away. 276 00:13:55,720 --> 00:13:59,160 Speaker 3: Well, even if we can't pinpoint it, it seems reasonable 277 00:13:59,240 --> 00:14:02,800 Speaker 3: to say that it's higher than it was before. You're 278 00:14:02,840 --> 00:14:05,040 Speaker 3: talking about, you know, maybe tune out to three percent, 279 00:14:05,160 --> 00:14:07,920 Speaker 3: even maybe a little above three percent. So it does 280 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:11,959 Speaker 3: mag the question, let's have that academic discussion, why are 281 00:14:11,960 --> 00:14:14,840 Speaker 3: we operating at a higher level. Why is the economy 282 00:14:15,200 --> 00:14:18,000 Speaker 3: on a stronger footing now than it has traditionally been 283 00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:19,280 Speaker 3: over the past many years. 284 00:14:20,640 --> 00:14:23,359 Speaker 1: I think about the neutral interest rate in the context 285 00:14:23,360 --> 00:14:26,920 Speaker 1: of the overall economic policy mix, meaning you have monetary 286 00:14:26,920 --> 00:14:29,080 Speaker 1: policy on the one hand and fiscal policy on the 287 00:14:29,080 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 1: other hand. We had type fiscal policy for the many 288 00:14:34,320 --> 00:14:39,240 Speaker 1: years after the Great Recession. Fiscal policy became more expansionary 289 00:14:39,320 --> 00:14:43,120 Speaker 1: towards the end of the long expansion of the twenty tens, 290 00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:47,120 Speaker 1: but still not like we have today. Right now, the US, 291 00:14:47,360 --> 00:14:50,640 Speaker 1: we have a fiscal deficit of about six percent of GDP, 292 00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:54,800 Speaker 1: and we also have pretty expansionary fiscal policy. At the 293 00:14:54,800 --> 00:14:57,560 Speaker 1: state and local government level. State and local governments have 294 00:14:57,680 --> 00:15:00,760 Speaker 1: been pulling in a lot of tax revenue because of 295 00:15:00,840 --> 00:15:04,680 Speaker 1: higher property prices, so higher property tax revenues, and there 296 00:15:04,760 --> 00:15:08,200 Speaker 1: is still that like the long lag of all of 297 00:15:08,280 --> 00:15:11,280 Speaker 1: the money that got to state in local governments during 298 00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:15,280 Speaker 1: the pandemic. So there's a lot of fiscal support, and 299 00:15:15,320 --> 00:15:19,440 Speaker 1: that means that there's less need or less of an 300 00:15:19,480 --> 00:15:23,720 Speaker 1: argument for monetary policy to be supporting the expansion. 301 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:25,880 Speaker 4: We talked so oh, sorry, go. 302 00:15:25,880 --> 00:15:28,040 Speaker 2: Ahead, No, no, I was just we talked about the PC. 303 00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:32,400 Speaker 2: Other data that we're expecting this week includes personal spending 304 00:15:32,600 --> 00:15:36,480 Speaker 2: and income. What's your sense of the American consumer right 305 00:15:36,520 --> 00:15:40,200 Speaker 2: now and the reaction function that consumers may have to 306 00:15:41,160 --> 00:15:43,640 Speaker 2: lower interest rates this last rate cut. 307 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:48,600 Speaker 1: I think the average of what drives consumer spending in 308 00:15:48,600 --> 00:15:52,440 Speaker 1: the United States is in pretty good shape. American consumers 309 00:15:52,480 --> 00:15:57,320 Speaker 1: are supported by big increases in household wealth. Many Americans 310 00:15:57,400 --> 00:16:00,480 Speaker 1: locked in low mortgage rates in the kind of pre 311 00:16:00,600 --> 00:16:03,520 Speaker 1: twenty twenty two years, and that's supported a lot of 312 00:16:03,560 --> 00:16:09,080 Speaker 1: consumer spending. You also have half of bachelor's degree workers 313 00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:12,400 Speaker 1: have some remote work, so they spend less on commuting, etc. 314 00:16:13,320 --> 00:16:16,800 Speaker 1: So that is I think the big buffer for consumer spending. Now, 315 00:16:17,080 --> 00:16:22,200 Speaker 1: the typical American think the median is not as well 316 00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:24,800 Speaker 1: off as the average, and so there's more of a 317 00:16:24,880 --> 00:16:27,120 Speaker 1: drag from the cost of living. From the big increase 318 00:16:27,160 --> 00:16:31,920 Speaker 1: in rents, you have more people affected by the expense 319 00:16:31,960 --> 00:16:35,080 Speaker 1: of buying a new home with higher mortgage rates, higher prices, 320 00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:38,240 Speaker 1: and that's I think why you've seen the signs of 321 00:16:38,280 --> 00:16:43,160 Speaker 1: consumer stress like higher credit card delinquency rates and the 322 00:16:43,160 --> 00:16:45,400 Speaker 1: Fed's data in the last couple of quarters. 323 00:16:45,960 --> 00:16:48,480 Speaker 3: Bill, thank you for being with us. Bill Adams, chief 324 00:16:48,520 --> 00:16:59,160 Speaker 3: economist at Comerica Bank. We welcome Chuck Kumelo, President and 325 00:16:59,280 --> 00:17:04,160 Speaker 3: chief executive Officer at Essex Financial. Chuck, us, doocs look 326 00:17:04,200 --> 00:17:07,080 Speaker 3: pretty good here with the S and P five hundred 327 00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:09,960 Speaker 3: up around fifty seven hundred. If you look at the 328 00:17:09,960 --> 00:17:13,719 Speaker 3: two hundred day moving average, it's just below fifty two hundred. 329 00:17:14,119 --> 00:17:17,000 Speaker 3: In other words, you could get a big pullback. The 330 00:17:17,200 --> 00:17:19,439 Speaker 3: uptrend would still be in place, but people would be 331 00:17:19,440 --> 00:17:20,399 Speaker 3: feeling a little nervous. 332 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:23,600 Speaker 4: How do you feel about current evaluation levels? 333 00:17:24,640 --> 00:17:28,000 Speaker 7: Well, thank you so much for having me listen. I 334 00:17:28,040 --> 00:17:32,320 Speaker 7: think the market valuations certainly are a little bit elevated 335 00:17:32,680 --> 00:17:35,680 Speaker 7: in some cases. To put it mildly, but you know, 336 00:17:35,840 --> 00:17:39,280 Speaker 7: we're anticipating an awful lot of volatility as we enter 337 00:17:39,320 --> 00:17:43,640 Speaker 7: and get closer to this election that essentially I think 338 00:17:43,640 --> 00:17:47,119 Speaker 7: nobody's looking forward to. But listen, we're overall, we are 339 00:17:47,359 --> 00:17:50,800 Speaker 7: bullets on the market. Interest rates coming down tends to 340 00:17:50,840 --> 00:17:53,080 Speaker 7: be a good thing, although that can be a wildcard, 341 00:17:53,080 --> 00:17:54,480 Speaker 7: which we can go into a little bit if you'd like, 342 00:17:54,840 --> 00:17:59,119 Speaker 7: as well as earnings are pretty well. Economy and the 343 00:17:59,240 --> 00:18:01,720 Speaker 7: entire reason that made the move that they did is 344 00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:05,560 Speaker 7: around employment, and employment has been slowing. It's still good, 345 00:18:05,920 --> 00:18:07,840 Speaker 7: it's not as good as it was, so you know, 346 00:18:07,880 --> 00:18:10,080 Speaker 7: again they got themselves a little bit ahead of it. 347 00:18:10,520 --> 00:18:12,879 Speaker 2: So in terms of further easing, how much are you 348 00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:15,520 Speaker 2: expecting between let's say now in the end of the year. 349 00:18:17,359 --> 00:18:20,080 Speaker 7: Probably at least one, maybe two. I mean, I think 350 00:18:20,119 --> 00:18:24,920 Speaker 7: the FED has been quite quite repetitive and quite on 351 00:18:25,040 --> 00:18:27,639 Speaker 7: the record with them being data dependent, and we're going 352 00:18:27,680 --> 00:18:30,160 Speaker 7: to have as you just mentioned in the update, we're 353 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:32,680 Speaker 7: going to have the PCE coming out later this week. 354 00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:35,520 Speaker 7: We'll have another employment report or two before these next 355 00:18:35,520 --> 00:18:38,280 Speaker 7: two FED meetings in November and December. So certainly I 356 00:18:38,280 --> 00:18:41,720 Speaker 7: think probably one, possibly two, depending upon how employment looks 357 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:42,720 Speaker 7: and obviously inflation. 358 00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:47,879 Speaker 3: So when you look at the high pe companies, the 359 00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:52,200 Speaker 3: biggest tech stock, so they generally perform well when rates 360 00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:55,320 Speaker 3: come down because there are long duration assets and it's 361 00:18:55,359 --> 00:18:58,199 Speaker 3: just a better environment. And that's kind of on a 362 00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:01,240 Speaker 3: technical level, but on a real level, for the other 363 00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:03,720 Speaker 3: four to ninety three in the s and P five hundred, 364 00:19:04,040 --> 00:19:07,520 Speaker 3: they benefit from having their costs come down. They don't 365 00:19:07,520 --> 00:19:11,480 Speaker 3: have huge profits and they don't have huge profit margins, 366 00:19:11,480 --> 00:19:14,040 Speaker 3: so when rates come down, it's good. Right, So in 367 00:19:14,080 --> 00:19:16,359 Speaker 3: that sense, things are looking pretty solid. 368 00:19:17,440 --> 00:19:19,280 Speaker 7: Well that's the thing you think about how some of 369 00:19:19,320 --> 00:19:22,440 Speaker 7: those high valuation tech stocks did in a rising interest 370 00:19:22,480 --> 00:19:25,800 Speaker 7: rate environment. Yeah, so you know that, but you're one 371 00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:28,200 Speaker 7: hundred percent right the other four hundred and ninety three companies, 372 00:19:28,560 --> 00:19:31,400 Speaker 7: especially for small caps and obviously a lot of different 373 00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:34,320 Speaker 7: sectors outside of technology, lower interest rates are booing across 374 00:19:34,560 --> 00:19:38,159 Speaker 7: across everywhere from cost inputs to just their cost of 375 00:19:38,240 --> 00:19:40,280 Speaker 7: doing business. And then again driving the economy is the 376 00:19:40,359 --> 00:19:42,040 Speaker 7: US consumer, which drives two thirds of it. So the 377 00:19:42,080 --> 00:19:45,280 Speaker 7: lower interest rate environment is always a better environment than 378 00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:47,600 Speaker 7: when the FIT is hiking rates to slow the economy. 379 00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:50,880 Speaker 7: But you know, these the technology companies, and again they 380 00:19:50,920 --> 00:19:54,159 Speaker 7: have seated leadership, right, I mean they certainly The only 381 00:19:54,640 --> 00:19:57,399 Speaker 7: stock that in the Magnificent seven that has hit a 382 00:19:57,400 --> 00:20:01,520 Speaker 7: new fifty two week high is Meta, Apple, Microsoft, Nvidia, Google, Amazon, Tesla. 383 00:20:01,600 --> 00:20:03,879 Speaker 7: Haven't S and P five hundred has the S and 384 00:20:03,960 --> 00:20:06,920 Speaker 7: P equal weight has as a matter of fact, over 385 00:20:06,920 --> 00:20:09,960 Speaker 7: the past you know, I think it's past ninety days 386 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:14,680 Speaker 7: give or take the you know, the RSP equal weight 387 00:20:14,800 --> 00:20:16,800 Speaker 7: is up over the past is up eight point two 388 00:20:16,840 --> 00:20:20,680 Speaker 7: one percent, and S and P five hundred up only 389 00:20:20,800 --> 00:20:23,440 Speaker 7: four point four to six percent. So you are starting 390 00:20:23,480 --> 00:20:26,159 Speaker 7: to see this market broaden. And again I think that 391 00:20:26,200 --> 00:20:28,760 Speaker 7: speaks to the point you just that the point that 392 00:20:28,840 --> 00:20:33,080 Speaker 7: you just mentioned around the overall economic environment is more 393 00:20:33,280 --> 00:20:35,320 Speaker 7: conducive to a wider range of companies. 394 00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:38,000 Speaker 2: Chuck, imagine a world where Kamala Harris is the next 395 00:20:38,119 --> 00:20:41,040 Speaker 2: US president and the corporate tax rate goes up to 396 00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:42,119 Speaker 2: twenty eight percent. 397 00:20:42,200 --> 00:20:42,920 Speaker 4: What do you do then? 398 00:20:44,720 --> 00:20:48,760 Speaker 7: Yeah, So that's uh, that's the obvious. While Cardon Wise 399 00:20:48,800 --> 00:20:51,320 Speaker 7: said before, we're we're looking for a lot of volatility now, 400 00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:55,959 Speaker 7: I think part of that is is blocked to tad bit. 401 00:20:56,119 --> 00:20:58,800 Speaker 7: If you get a democratic president and you get a 402 00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:01,719 Speaker 7: Republican Senate. That's why from all the things that we 403 00:21:01,800 --> 00:21:03,679 Speaker 7: see and listen to and read from a lot of 404 00:21:03,680 --> 00:21:06,760 Speaker 7: really smart people, you know, a democratic suite, I think 405 00:21:06,800 --> 00:21:09,600 Speaker 7: for the markets would be challenging. To put it mildly, 406 00:21:10,440 --> 00:21:14,640 Speaker 7: but listen, I mean, companies have managed around higher tax 407 00:21:14,720 --> 00:21:17,480 Speaker 7: rates in the past. They can in the future. It 408 00:21:17,560 --> 00:21:21,800 Speaker 7: certainly is another headwind to it. But again, US companies, 409 00:21:21,800 --> 00:21:25,119 Speaker 7: the US economy has proven itself extremely resilient in the past. 410 00:21:25,440 --> 00:21:27,040 Speaker 7: I have no doubt it will do so in the future. 411 00:21:27,040 --> 00:21:30,560 Speaker 7: But obviously that would certainly be a bigger headwind and 412 00:21:30,600 --> 00:21:33,840 Speaker 7: would certainly cause some things into question. 413 00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:36,640 Speaker 3: So I want to put a question to you, which 414 00:21:36,640 --> 00:21:39,159 Speaker 3: is kind of extrapolating from point A to point B. 415 00:21:39,640 --> 00:21:42,439 Speaker 3: We've kind of made the case that you're seeing a 416 00:21:42,520 --> 00:21:45,560 Speaker 3: nice spreading out of the market in the United States. 417 00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:48,640 Speaker 3: In the same way, should we see a spreading out 418 00:21:48,800 --> 00:21:54,560 Speaker 3: of investment buying into emerging markets, into the you know, 419 00:21:54,600 --> 00:21:58,600 Speaker 3: the less developed markets. Does that Does that look good 420 00:21:58,640 --> 00:22:00,880 Speaker 3: going forward into the end of this year? 421 00:22:01,880 --> 00:22:05,240 Speaker 7: Well, you know, it's always good for US to investor 422 00:22:05,560 --> 00:22:08,600 Speaker 7: to be diversified in other markets other than the US. 423 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:13,080 Speaker 7: That the challenge has been is in the past, you'd 424 00:22:13,119 --> 00:22:15,040 Speaker 7: have this rotation with the US markets who do really, 425 00:22:15,040 --> 00:22:17,640 Speaker 7: really well, and they would sort of suffer a little 426 00:22:17,680 --> 00:22:20,280 Speaker 7: bit and then international markets would come roaring back. You 427 00:22:20,359 --> 00:22:23,160 Speaker 7: just haven't seen that, and the returns have been so compelling. 428 00:22:23,200 --> 00:22:25,720 Speaker 7: Like roughly over the past three years, the S and 429 00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:28,800 Speaker 7: P five hundred is up about thirty two thirty three percent, 430 00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:32,640 Speaker 7: and they you know, if index is up eleven point four, 431 00:22:33,240 --> 00:22:37,080 Speaker 7: emerging markets is negative eight point six ' nine. So 432 00:22:37,119 --> 00:22:39,040 Speaker 7: it's it's a tough sell, but I think that's where 433 00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:40,880 Speaker 7: you have to find the right manager as well. Whether 434 00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:43,240 Speaker 7: it's an active ETF or whether it's a mutual fund 435 00:22:43,280 --> 00:22:46,040 Speaker 7: or pick an individual stocks. There's such a wide variety, 436 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:48,439 Speaker 7: but it's a it's a tough sell getting the average 437 00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:52,360 Speaker 7: US consumer to investor excuse me, to put money into 438 00:22:52,400 --> 00:22:55,760 Speaker 7: a emerging market. It's given the opportunities right here at home, 439 00:22:55,840 --> 00:22:58,320 Speaker 7: but they can certainly provide some outside returns if you 440 00:22:58,320 --> 00:22:58,760 Speaker 7: get it right. 441 00:22:58,920 --> 00:23:02,000 Speaker 2: Chuck, very quickly, Tember October can be rough months for 442 00:23:02,040 --> 00:23:06,200 Speaker 2: the equity market. Looks like we'll get through September perhaps unscathed. 443 00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:09,280 Speaker 2: Is there a risk of a lot more downside in October? 444 00:23:09,359 --> 00:23:13,520 Speaker 7: Very quickly, I think there is. I mean September, remember 445 00:23:13,520 --> 00:23:15,359 Speaker 7: how we started with August. You know that was a 446 00:23:15,400 --> 00:23:17,760 Speaker 7: tough start to the month. We finished strong. September looks 447 00:23:17,760 --> 00:23:19,600 Speaker 7: like it's going to be pretty good. But we're trying 448 00:23:19,640 --> 00:23:22,360 Speaker 7: to tee our clients up for you know, expect volatility. 449 00:23:22,640 --> 00:23:25,760 Speaker 7: It's going to provide opportunity for investors as well, but 450 00:23:25,880 --> 00:23:27,080 Speaker 7: you know, we try to get ahead of it so 451 00:23:27,080 --> 00:23:29,720 Speaker 7: that when it does happen, people don't you know, completely 452 00:23:29,880 --> 00:23:31,679 Speaker 7: freak out and get this tube. 453 00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:34,760 Speaker 3: Okay, thank you, Chuck out of time, but we appreciated 454 00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:38,800 Speaker 3: Chuck Camello, President, chief executive Officer at Essex Financial. 455 00:23:42,440 --> 00:23:45,399 Speaker 2: This has been the Bloomberg Daybreak Asia podcast, bringing you 456 00:23:45,440 --> 00:23:48,560 Speaker 2: the stories making news and moving markets in the Asia Pacific. 457 00:23:49,080 --> 00:23:52,200 Speaker 2: Visit the Bloomberg Podcast channel on YouTube to get more 458 00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:55,840 Speaker 2: episodes of this and other shows from Bloomberg. Subscribe to 459 00:23:55,880 --> 00:23:59,639 Speaker 2: the podcast on Apple, Spotify, or anywhere else you listen 460 00:23:59,720 --> 00:24:02,840 Speaker 2: and always on Bloomberg Radio, the Bloomberg Terminal, and the 461 00:24:02,840 --> 00:24:03,920 Speaker 2: Bloomberg Business app.