WEBVTT - Luddism, Part One. Ft. Andrew 0:00:02.120 --> 0:00:05.960 The media. 0:00:08.480 --> 0:00:12.280 Welcome, Welcome to it could happen here. I'm Andrew Sage 0:00:12.280 --> 0:00:17.040 from YouTube channel Andrewism, joined today by James. 0:00:17.120 --> 0:00:17.320 Hi. 0:00:17.400 --> 0:00:20.640 Sorry, I'm doing my own track, Hi Andrew. Yeah, yeah, 0:00:21.120 --> 0:00:24.000 I'm excited to hear about something. I don't know what yet, 0:00:24.160 --> 0:00:26.160 so it should be a fun adventure. 0:00:26.280 --> 0:00:28.319 Yes, Well, today we are doing a little bit of 0:00:28.320 --> 0:00:32.919 time traveling. We're gonna embark on a journey to explode 0:00:32.920 --> 0:00:36.800 movements of about two hundred years ago that I think 0:00:36.880 --> 0:00:42.120 is still quite relevant even today, particularly in our very technological, 0:00:42.800 --> 0:00:47.080 fast paced world. So when we put a new James 0:00:47.080 --> 0:00:52.519 in the early nineteenth century in England, Great which you 0:00:52.520 --> 0:00:55.080 know is a time of great change, of evil, disease 0:00:55.400 --> 0:00:56.080 or that jazz. 0:00:57.120 --> 0:01:01.440 Yeah, I think I have thrived as a person with 0:01:01.520 --> 0:01:06.200 diabetes would have made it approximately a couple of weeks. 0:01:07.760 --> 0:01:10.839 Yeah. The Industrial Revolution was in full swinging. It hadn't 0:01:10.880 --> 0:01:13.760 quite reached that point yet as far as I know, 0:01:14.959 --> 0:01:17.600 but it was transforming the way that people lived and worked. 0:01:18.120 --> 0:01:20.560 It was a time of innovation, was also a time 0:01:20.600 --> 0:01:24.480 of great uncertainty, and amidst the class and looms and 0:01:24.760 --> 0:01:28.120 rise of organization, a group of workers emerged to became 0:01:28.160 --> 0:01:32.119 known as the Lerites. They were, you know, some early 0:01:32.319 --> 0:01:36.800 adopters ah yes, of resistance, Yes, resistance to the changes 0:01:36.800 --> 0:01:40.200 of the Industrial Revolution, and you know for that cardinal 0:01:40.280 --> 0:01:45.000 sin they've been missing too preted ever since. So today 0:01:45.000 --> 0:01:47.240 we're going to be explaining exactly who the the rights 0:01:47.280 --> 0:01:50.960 were and why the actions resonate with us today in 0:01:51.000 --> 0:01:54.640 the twenty first century. We'll talk about their history and 0:01:54.680 --> 0:01:59.600 their motivations and their bravestand against the relentless march of 0:01:59.600 --> 0:02:02.880 capitalist progress. We're also such on some figures, some of 0:02:02.880 --> 0:02:06.440 their tactics and the lasting impact they left on history. 0:02:06.480 --> 0:02:10.560 But most importantly we'll be covering why they struggle somatters today. 0:02:10.919 --> 0:02:13.000 So here we are. You know, in the nineteenth century 0:02:13.120 --> 0:02:17.040 Industrial Revolution and soeping through England, British working families were 0:02:17.080 --> 0:02:19.840 going through some very tough times as the economy was 0:02:19.840 --> 0:02:24.440 in turmoil and unemployment was spreading like wildfire. It really 0:02:24.520 --> 0:02:27.040 wasn't a good situation to be in. There was this 0:02:27.400 --> 0:02:30.480 never ending war with Napoleon's France. There was Drian resources 0:02:30.560 --> 0:02:35.560 and causing what Yorkshire historian Frank Peel described as the 0:02:35.720 --> 0:02:40.880 hard pinch of poverty, and to make matters worse, food 0:02:41.000 --> 0:02:44.600 was in short supply and prices were shooting up. Not 0:02:44.639 --> 0:02:47.000 only were jobs hard to come by, but even putting 0:02:47.080 --> 0:02:49.520 basic food on the table was becoming a serious challenge. 0:02:49.800 --> 0:02:51.639 So it was a really tough period for these families 0:02:51.639 --> 0:02:54.480 and they were feeling that squeeze in every way possible. 0:02:55.639 --> 0:02:58.360 So the Lights emerged as a response to these seismic 0:02:58.400 --> 0:03:02.160 shifts as a moosely organized group of textile workers and 0:03:02.160 --> 0:03:06.160 weavers who healed primarily but not exclusively, from the nottingham 0:03:06.200 --> 0:03:11.480 Shire region of England. At the heart of their struggle 0:03:11.680 --> 0:03:16.360 was the mechanization of the textile industry. Factories powered by 0:03:16.480 --> 0:03:21.360 steam engines and intricate machinery were replacing traditional cottage industries, 0:03:21.720 --> 0:03:25.880 leading to unemployment and a decline in working conditions. In 0:03:25.919 --> 0:03:29.760 the place of a cottage industry where cloth workers could 0:03:29.840 --> 0:03:32.280 work as many or as few hours and days suited them, 0:03:32.680 --> 0:03:35.480 the factory had a reseren where workers would work long 0:03:35.560 --> 0:03:39.720 hours at dangerous machinery, be fed meager meals, and submit 0:03:39.760 --> 0:03:44.000 to the punitive authority of the foremant factory owners were winning. 0:03:45.040 --> 0:03:48.480 As I alluded to earlier, the Dites were not blindly 0:03:48.600 --> 0:03:52.000 opposed to this idea of progress, as they've been misinterpreted, 0:03:52.560 --> 0:03:55.160 but they were seeking to protect their livelihoods and the 0:03:55.240 --> 0:03:58.640 quality of their craftsmanship. Many of the original rights were 0:03:58.640 --> 0:04:02.120 actually quite savvy when it came to technology. In fact, 0:04:02.560 --> 0:04:07.000 some were highly skilled machine operators that ended up smashing 0:04:07.040 --> 0:04:10.440 the very machines that they were accustomed to use in 0:04:12.560 --> 0:04:15.800 They had no issue with welcoming innovations that made their 0:04:15.840 --> 0:04:20.120 lives and their jobs easier, but they had an issue 0:04:20.120 --> 0:04:21.920 with the way that the new machinery is being used 0:04:21.920 --> 0:04:24.680 by the factory owners to reduce them to mare cogs 0:04:24.720 --> 0:04:27.400 in the industrial machine. And they didn't like that factory 0:04:27.440 --> 0:04:29.880 owners were using the machinery to kick out They trained 0:04:29.920 --> 0:04:33.240 and skilled cloth workers in fear of child laborers and 0:04:33.600 --> 0:04:37.200 other lower skilled workers would be easier to exploit. Yeah, 0:04:38.520 --> 0:04:41.680 the cloth for these machines produced was of lower quality, 0:04:41.720 --> 0:04:43.599 but because it was so cheap to churn out and 0:04:43.600 --> 0:04:45.680 there was so much of it, the factory owners were 0:04:45.680 --> 0:04:48.760 still toner profit and so that you know, that sucks 0:04:48.760 --> 0:04:52.560 for them, which is why the rights to resist these 0:04:52.640 --> 0:04:57.440 changes embraced a distinctive form of protest. At the time, 0:04:57.560 --> 0:05:03.760 label organizing was label organizing as illegal, so they chose 0:05:03.839 --> 0:05:07.120 a suppose even more drastic method of targets in the 0:05:07.120 --> 0:05:10.120 newly introduced machines for destruction. Yeah, they were. 0:05:11.000 --> 0:05:13.480 Is it E. P. Thompson who called it collective bargaining 0:05:13.520 --> 0:05:18.000 by riot? Yes, yes, I believe so. Yeah, I think 0:05:18.040 --> 0:05:20.640 that's an excellent way to understand it. I'm sure we'll 0:05:20.640 --> 0:05:23.640 get there. But it's Yeah, it's a means of labor 0:05:23.720 --> 0:05:26.200 organizing when labor organizing is illegal. 0:05:27.080 --> 0:05:30.480 Indeed, indeed, I mean, if no other options are available 0:05:30.480 --> 0:05:32.440 to you, you know, you're pressed against the wall. They 0:05:32.440 --> 0:05:33.680 have no other choice. 0:05:34.000 --> 0:05:35.600 Yeah. 0:05:35.920 --> 0:05:39.560 So, these these Loodites would gather together in the dead 0:05:39.600 --> 0:05:43.720 of the night, usually in secluded areas like forests or hillsides, 0:05:43.760 --> 0:05:49.240 to plan their actions. To maintain their secrecy, Blodites adopted 0:05:49.279 --> 0:05:52.040 a strict code of silence, making it very difficult for 0:05:52.080 --> 0:05:57.359 authorities to infiltrate their ranks. That secrecy was crucial to 0:05:57.400 --> 0:06:01.360 their survival and their ability to outwind the authorities, and 0:06:01.400 --> 0:06:04.200 so under this code they'd go on and break into 0:06:04.200 --> 0:06:08.360 the factories and smash the machinery and occasionally leave an 0:06:08.400 --> 0:06:12.200 etching of the infamous ned Lud as a mark of 0:06:12.400 --> 0:06:17.679 their presence. Ned Luod, by the way, was a symbol 0:06:17.880 --> 0:06:21.920 not their actual leader. He was a legendary weaver who 0:06:22.040 --> 0:06:24.400 was said to have been whipped for idleness, so he 0:06:24.480 --> 0:06:26.679 smashed two knit in frames in a fit of passion. 0:06:27.960 --> 0:06:31.599 More likely, Nedlood didn't exist. He was more of like 0:06:31.640 --> 0:06:36.000 a folkloric character, but the Laites named themselves after him 0:06:36.040 --> 0:06:40.000 and would call them King Lood and General Luod. Funny enough, 0:06:40.040 --> 0:06:42.719 the authorities actually thought he was the ringleader of the 0:06:42.720 --> 0:06:46.120 whole operation, so they tried to hunt him down. Meanwhile, 0:06:46.160 --> 0:06:49.440 of course the Luddites are jokingly referring to Lud's office 0:06:49.480 --> 0:06:53.159 and Sheerwood Forest, and some of the Bloodites would actually 0:06:53.200 --> 0:06:57.440 cross dress as Lud's wives during their protests. 0:07:00.080 --> 0:07:02.960 Yeah, I do like every time you find an instance 0:07:03.040 --> 0:07:07.159 of like cross dressing in history. So it's just amusing 0:07:07.200 --> 0:07:09.200 to note that. I guess some people have decided that 0:07:09.920 --> 0:07:13.320 like either either like cross dressing or trans people were 0:07:13.360 --> 0:07:16.480 invented in like twenty sixteen, not that those two things 0:07:16.480 --> 0:07:19.280 are the same, but like we can find literally thousands 0:07:19.280 --> 0:07:22.480 of instances of of course trans people and also crossdressing 0:07:23.480 --> 0:07:27.640 like as a form of like deliberate sometimes it's transgression. 0:07:27.720 --> 0:07:31.360 Sometimes the thing that just people did. But yeah, you 0:07:31.400 --> 0:07:33.800 can see it in depictions of the Ladyites like people 0:07:33.840 --> 0:07:36.440 even took the time to paint it into their paintings 0:07:37.600 --> 0:07:38.640 exactly exactly. 0:07:40.080 --> 0:07:44.720 Yeah, but yees, so, I mean the leader wasn't ned 0:07:44.720 --> 0:07:48.080 a lot. The leader, well, it really was Earl the 0:07:48.200 --> 0:07:52.040 Last movement. The real instigators were just regular on the 0:07:52.080 --> 0:07:56.320 ground weavers and craftsmen, folks like, for example, George Mellow, 0:07:56.560 --> 0:08:00.200 a weaver from Huddersfield who played a pivotal rule in 0:08:00.280 --> 0:08:03.080 organizing the right actions in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 0:08:03.360 --> 0:08:07.080 best known for the time that he fatally shot a 0:08:07.120 --> 0:08:18.600 mill owner in the balls. Yeah chat move indeed, indeed. 0:08:19.640 --> 0:08:22.040 But these actions were not just you know, random acts 0:08:22.040 --> 0:08:25.920 of vandalism and violence. They were a desperate plea for change. 0:08:25.960 --> 0:08:29.240 In fact, they mainly confined their attacks to manufacturers who 0:08:29.280 --> 0:08:32.880 specifically use machines in what they called a fraudulent and 0:08:33.120 --> 0:08:37.360 seitful manner to get around standard labor practices. The Lights 0:08:37.400 --> 0:08:40.640 wanted machines that made high quality goods, and they wanted 0:08:40.640 --> 0:08:42.640 these machines to be run by workers who had gone 0:08:42.640 --> 0:08:47.800 through an apprenticeship and got paid decent wages. Those were 0:08:47.800 --> 0:08:52.719 really their main concerns, and besides the raids, and the smashing. 0:08:53.200 --> 0:08:55.800 They also had a couple other tricks up their sleeves. 0:08:56.320 --> 0:08:59.960 They organized public demonstrations, They sent out letters to look 0:09:00.120 --> 0:09:03.400 industrialists and government officials to lay out their reasons for 0:09:03.400 --> 0:09:06.000 wrecking the machinery. They weren't just smashing for the reason 0:09:06.040 --> 0:09:11.160 with no messaging. Yeah, and in different parts of England, 0:09:11.160 --> 0:09:15.800 you know, you had different approaches, different stances and different 0:09:16.040 --> 0:09:19.680 material conditions. So, for example, in the Midlands of England, 0:09:20.200 --> 0:09:23.160 to the rights had the Company of Framework Knitters, which 0:09:23.240 --> 0:09:26.120 was this recognized public body that could talk to the 0:09:26.160 --> 0:09:29.760 capitalists through named representatives, and so they used that legitimacy 0:09:29.880 --> 0:09:33.600 as a recognized institution to back up their demands. But 0:09:33.800 --> 0:09:36.760 up in the northwest of England, textile workers didn't have 0:09:36.840 --> 0:09:40.200 these established trade institutions, so they used their letters to 0:09:40.200 --> 0:09:43.720 push for official recognition as a united group of trades people. 0:09:43.840 --> 0:09:46.679 You know, it's like an early union. The demands went 0:09:46.760 --> 0:09:50.000 just of course about smashing machines. They also wanted high 0:09:50.040 --> 0:09:53.560 min own wages and again an end to childwait labor. 0:09:54.520 --> 0:09:59.520 They were playing the long game. And in Yorkshire, you know, 0:09:59.559 --> 0:10:02.680 the tone shifts a bit. They were going from letter 0:10:02.760 --> 0:10:07.040 writingto making more direct and violent threats against local authorities 0:10:07.240 --> 0:10:10.199 who they saw supports in these nasty machines that messed 0:10:10.200 --> 0:10:15.360 with the job market the Yorkshire Writes meant business. In fact, 0:10:15.400 --> 0:10:19.480 they carried around these sledgehammers that they call the Great Enoch, 0:10:20.400 --> 0:10:24.319 named after local blacksmith who had manufactured both the hammers 0:10:24.760 --> 0:10:27.160 and also many of the machines they intended to destroy. 0:10:27.960 --> 0:10:33.040 As they declared Enoch made them, Enoch shall break them, 0:10:33.160 --> 0:10:36.480 which I think is just the division that gives me. 0:10:36.640 --> 0:10:38.800 Is like, you know, God of War style, you know, 0:10:39.080 --> 0:10:41.880 swinging around this sledgehammer smash of the machines. 0:10:42.400 --> 0:10:45.480 Yeah, yeah, like, I mean, they broke some big things, right, 0:10:45.600 --> 0:10:49.559 like they weren't. This wasn't like, I know, like some 0:10:49.600 --> 0:10:53.439 sort of trivial sabotage like frame breaking is. It's still 0:10:53.480 --> 0:10:55.600 a capital crime in the UK, but it's also a 0:10:55.640 --> 0:10:56.880 serious feet of strength. 0:10:56.960 --> 0:10:58.640 Yes, and I'm going to get into that. 0:10:59.400 --> 0:11:03.000 Excellent. Yeah. I love coming from a country with normal laws. 0:11:05.400 --> 0:11:10.200 There's so many. Don't even get me started on strange 0:11:10.280 --> 0:11:12.720 laws around the world. I mean, yeah, uring that there 0:11:12.760 --> 0:11:15.480 are some really strange strange laws, but yeah, yeah, I'm 0:11:15.520 --> 0:11:18.520 sure that could be a whole topic for a whole episode. 0:11:18.760 --> 0:11:21.040 It could be you could suggest that they're not connected 0:11:21.080 --> 0:11:25.200 to morality. Perhaps maybe maybe the law and right and 0:11:25.240 --> 0:11:26.240 wrong is not the same thing. 0:11:27.240 --> 0:11:31.640 Hm, you might be onto something there, Yeah, ponder something 0:11:31.720 --> 0:11:32.640 to think about for sure. 0:11:32.920 --> 0:11:44.839 Yeah. 0:11:45.320 --> 0:11:47.400 So a lot of these change differences and approaches like 0:11:47.440 --> 0:11:50.320 I mentioned, really depend on their material conditions. It also 0:11:50.360 --> 0:11:52.400 depended on the background of the workers. Some of them 0:11:52.400 --> 0:11:54.880 were frameworkers, some of them are weavers, some of them 0:11:54.880 --> 0:11:57.760 were spinners, and so they took on different tactics and 0:11:57.840 --> 0:12:02.640 styles depending on what they were experienced with and where 0:12:02.679 --> 0:12:05.280 you found them. Of course, they were sending out death 0:12:05.320 --> 0:12:08.280 threats to some industrialists as well, and in fact, some 0:12:08.320 --> 0:12:11.120 of these industrialists were so worried about let light attacks 0:12:11.520 --> 0:12:14.520 that they had secret chambers built into their buildings as 0:12:14.640 --> 0:12:17.680 escape plans in case things went south during an attack. 0:12:18.160 --> 0:12:19.520 Yeah. 0:12:19.640 --> 0:12:23.720 I could imagine them cowering in their holes. Yeah, just 0:12:23.720 --> 0:12:25.439 like as were outside. 0:12:25.840 --> 0:12:29.040 Imagine being like, yeah, I'm making excellent choices in life. 0:12:29.240 --> 0:12:31.840 I employ hundreds of people, and I've built a secret 0:12:31.880 --> 0:12:33.760 hole to hiding when they'll never be trying and kill 0:12:33.760 --> 0:12:35.320 me because I've made their lives so shit. 0:12:36.040 --> 0:12:39.640 Yes, Like I am going to create conditions that are 0:12:39.679 --> 0:12:43.560 so terrible. These people are going to get so angry 0:12:43.600 --> 0:12:46.640 at me and then I'm just going to make a 0:12:46.720 --> 0:12:50.280 place to hide, you know. Yeah, so actually rectifying the 0:12:50.360 --> 0:12:51.559 reasons they're angry. 0:12:52.280 --> 0:12:55.000 Yeah, exactly. Like you could simply take the money you 0:12:55.080 --> 0:12:59.000 spent on your secret escape patch and distributed to people 0:12:59.040 --> 0:13:00.880 who are literally strung link to put food in their 0:13:00.920 --> 0:13:03.880 children's mouths. But I guess that's not the logic of capitalism, 0:13:03.960 --> 0:13:04.160 is it. 0:13:04.840 --> 0:13:07.160 Yeah, that'll be too it'll be too humane. 0:13:07.520 --> 0:13:10.200 Yes, yeah, yeah, you can't let them get you know, 0:13:10.360 --> 0:13:12.400 realize that you're afraid of them. 0:13:12.679 --> 0:13:16.840 Indeed, for all these tactics, the rights were truly fights, 0:13:16.960 --> 0:13:19.480 not only for their own jobs, but also for us, 0:13:19.559 --> 0:13:22.880 say in the future of their industry and their communities. 0:13:23.520 --> 0:13:25.719 Like regular people of today, they were just trying to 0:13:25.720 --> 0:13:29.360 provide for their families and defend themselves against the ever 0:13:29.520 --> 0:13:36.480 expanding incursions of the capitalists. I don't know, James, how 0:13:36.480 --> 0:13:41.040 do you think the government and factor and has responded 0:13:41.720 --> 0:13:48.079 to these ordinary people and their desperate and fair please 0:13:48.360 --> 0:13:51.640 for change. Yeah, surely it was a human response right. 0:13:52.120 --> 0:13:54.680 From Yeah, that's what I would expect as a British person. 0:13:55.240 --> 0:13:57.120 Throughout history of our government has really shown a lot 0:13:57.160 --> 0:14:00.960 of humanity and compassion for people, so I'd expected did 0:14:01.000 --> 0:14:03.120 something similar here. That's what I learned into. 0:14:03.800 --> 0:14:09.680 They're so compassionate that they created an empire that the 0:14:09.720 --> 0:14:10.760 sun would never set on. 0:14:11.679 --> 0:14:11.800 Hm. 0:14:12.960 --> 0:14:15.040 The reason so considerate, you know, for people who are 0:14:15.040 --> 0:14:15.680 afraid of the dark. 0:14:17.840 --> 0:14:20.560 Yes, yeah, yeah, that's the real reason. 0:14:20.640 --> 0:14:20.840 Yeah. 0:14:20.880 --> 0:14:22.920 And of course they were doing it to uplift, civilize 0:14:22.920 --> 0:14:25.840 and christianize the other peoples of the world. And for 0:14:25.920 --> 0:14:27.000 the other reasons. 0:14:28.000 --> 0:14:31.920 Such philanthropists, such philanthropists. 0:14:32.120 --> 0:14:35.400 Kind people who bought tea and scones to the rest 0:14:35.440 --> 0:14:38.840 of the world. The British Empire and the British government. Yeah, 0:14:39.080 --> 0:14:41.760 never am I going to learn something bad about them? 0:14:41.960 --> 0:14:46.840 Yeah, I hate it at you down. But the government 0:14:47.000 --> 0:14:51.520 and the factory and has responded with, you know, deploying 0:14:51.600 --> 0:14:55.960 troops to quell the light uprisings and firing against the protesters. 0:14:56.960 --> 0:15:00.000 In one of the bloodiest incidents in April eighteen twelve, 0:15:00.560 --> 0:15:04.480 some two thousand protesters marbed a mill there Manchester, and 0:15:04.520 --> 0:15:07.880 the owner ordered his men because in addition to soldiers, 0:15:07.880 --> 0:15:10.840 you also have these you know, private militias that capitalists 0:15:10.840 --> 0:15:14.000 would hire. So the owner ordered his men to fire 0:15:14.040 --> 0:15:17.800 into the crowd, killing at least three and wound in eighteen, 0:15:18.400 --> 0:15:21.280 and then soldiers killed at least five more the next day. 0:15:22.840 --> 0:15:24.800 Okay, yeah, that's that's not quite what we'd hope for, 0:15:24.920 --> 0:15:25.160 is it. 0:15:25.960 --> 0:15:29.840 Yeah? Yeah, yeah. Many of the Lights were arrested, many 0:15:29.880 --> 0:15:36.800 were tortured, some even faced execution or even worse, exile 0:15:37.400 --> 0:15:39.359 to Australia. 0:15:39.520 --> 0:15:44.080 Yeah, they're ultimately the ultimate crime, the ultimate penalty. Rather, yeah, 0:15:44.200 --> 0:15:46.920 it's sent to the land of kangaroos and where they 0:15:46.920 --> 0:15:52.000 put mashed potatoes inside their pies. What Yeah, have you 0:15:52.040 --> 0:15:54.840 not seen this? This is it's terrible. But unfortunately, are 0:15:54.840 --> 0:15:57.920 you talking about like Shepherd's pie or no. They'll they'll 0:15:57.920 --> 0:16:00.560 take a meat pie like a normal meat pie, and 0:16:00.600 --> 0:16:03.400 then they'll cut a bit and then put mashed potatoes 0:16:03.480 --> 0:16:08.200 like into in the top of it, just to what 0:16:08.520 --> 0:16:12.800 is called. I have to look now, like I've seen 0:16:12.800 --> 0:16:17.120 it on YouTube meat hie mashed potato Australia. You can 0:16:17.120 --> 0:16:18.680 get it like it in like you know, like like 0:16:18.720 --> 0:16:21.880 it's like instead of having fish and chips. You can 0:16:21.880 --> 0:16:24.040 get it at a van like someone will bring it 0:16:24.080 --> 0:16:24.320 to you. 0:16:25.200 --> 0:16:26.080 I think I'm seeing it. 0:16:26.720 --> 0:16:28.880 You found it and then they put like gravy as well. 0:16:29.600 --> 0:16:33.960 Oh man, Yeah, it's uh like I've come from a 0:16:33.960 --> 0:16:37.320 country that does terrible things to food, but yeah, it's 0:16:37.440 --> 0:16:41.160 this one is really something else. You can see why 0:16:41.200 --> 0:16:44.080 people why it was the word. 0:16:44.120 --> 0:16:46.760 I have to say though, I do admire that it 0:16:47.240 --> 0:16:49.400 seems to be a very balanced you know, you get 0:16:49.400 --> 0:16:51.640 in the cobs, the fats and the proteins in it. 0:16:51.760 --> 0:16:54.520 You know, it's like, yeah, and its all in one. 0:16:54.680 --> 0:16:56.720 That's that's the gym bro and meats talking, of course, 0:16:56.800 --> 0:16:59.600 but it seems like a very efficient meal. 0:17:00.280 --> 0:17:03.280 Yeah, it's like, it's not that the Cornish pasty is 0:17:03.280 --> 0:17:08.000 the truly the most efficient working man's power bar because 0:17:08.040 --> 0:17:11.680 you can you can hold onto the crust and eat 0:17:11.680 --> 0:17:13.760 the pasty and even if you have like dirty hands 0:17:13.760 --> 0:17:17.040 from working in a factory, you still get your lunch. 0:17:18.200 --> 0:17:22.080 Hmm. Yeah. But we're getting a little bit side. 0:17:22.359 --> 0:17:24.920 Yeah, yeah we have. We've traveled a long way. 0:17:25.000 --> 0:17:29.440 From the latter exiles Australia. I shut out the thought, 0:17:31.800 --> 0:17:35.760 but some of them, despite that, kept their fighting spirit 0:17:35.840 --> 0:17:39.240 to the bitter end, like for example, John Booth and 0:17:40.240 --> 0:17:43.879 no offense to James, but you know a lot of 0:17:43.880 --> 0:17:48.560 the names I read like British history are the most 0:17:48.640 --> 0:17:53.359 generic sound in names. You just casually find someone in 0:17:53.359 --> 0:17:56.320 British named like John Doe. 0:17:57.720 --> 0:18:00.800 Yeah, we do. We're choosing from a limit palette. Like 0:18:00.960 --> 0:18:07.399 until very recently, we were really pretty pretty, like pretty 0:18:07.400 --> 0:18:11.480 stodgy on the names, you know, like I mean, I. 0:18:11.440 --> 0:18:14.199 Mean, it's it's iconic, but at the same time it's 0:18:14.240 --> 0:18:18.080 also hilarious that you like everybody from like regular people 0:18:18.240 --> 0:18:22.840 to like some of the movers and shapers, the leaders 0:18:22.840 --> 0:18:26.560 in the military and you know, politicians and stuff, just 0:18:26.600 --> 0:18:27.359 all of them. 0:18:28.520 --> 0:18:34.199 Yeah, yeah, it's like they had yeah, yeah, yeah, just 0:18:34.240 --> 0:18:37.320 some guy. Occasionally you'll get like a Cornelius or a 0:18:37.359 --> 0:18:40.399 Marmaduke or just some absolute nons with like a really 0:18:40.440 --> 0:18:44.119 posh name, but yeah, otherwise yeah, it's. 0:18:44.160 --> 0:18:46.600 Well apparently like an Enoch, you know. 0:18:47.040 --> 0:18:50.000 Yeah, yeah, you gotta respect Enoch. Like once you go 0:18:50.080 --> 0:18:53.520 outside of England you get some good names. But like, yeah, 0:18:53.560 --> 0:18:57.000 we were moving with a pretty pretty pretty playing with 0:18:57.000 --> 0:18:59.000 a playing with a small deck. I guess when it 0:18:59.040 --> 0:19:00.880 came to names for a while, for I mean. 0:19:00.840 --> 0:19:04.040 I can't even talk. My name is Andrews, so I. 0:19:03.920 --> 0:19:06.240 Think my name is the most popular name for boys 0:19:06.280 --> 0:19:09.000 born in the year I was born, So I can't really, 0:19:09.160 --> 0:19:10.000 I can't really say much. 0:19:12.600 --> 0:19:15.840 Oh God, we're going off track again, right John Booth? Right? 0:19:16.240 --> 0:19:19.160 So John Booth was this nineteen year old apprentice who 0:19:19.480 --> 0:19:23.119 joined one of the light attacks. He was injured, detained, 0:19:23.240 --> 0:19:26.760 and died after being tortured to give up the identity 0:19:26.760 --> 0:19:30.280 of his fellow thelites. A local priest was in the 0:19:30.359 --> 0:19:35.119 room when he was passing, and his dying words became legendary. 0:19:35.320 --> 0:19:41.359 So John was like, can you keep a secret? And 0:19:41.400 --> 0:19:45.359 the priest was like, yes, my child, and then Booth 0:19:45.480 --> 0:19:48.440 was like, so can I and then he died. 0:19:50.720 --> 0:19:52.080 There you go, what a hear? 0:19:52.320 --> 0:19:54.439 Yeah? Iconic? Iconic? 0:19:54.720 --> 0:19:55.480 Yeah. 0:19:55.520 --> 0:19:58.840 So yeah. Government officials by eighteen thirteen were trying to 0:19:59.000 --> 0:20:01.800 quash the light movement and by any means necessary, so 0:20:01.840 --> 0:20:05.720 they organize this massive trial in York after the attack 0:20:05.760 --> 0:20:09.400 on Cartwright's mill, A Rawford's near Clakheaton. 0:20:10.440 --> 0:20:13.000 I've got to write, yeah, clak Heaton. I think that 0:20:13.040 --> 0:20:16.000 seems about right. Where are we in the Yeah, yeah, 0:20:16.040 --> 0:20:18.680 we're in. I'm signing it on the map, Okay, in 0:20:18.760 --> 0:20:22.560 the leads. Yeah yeah, Bradford. I've not actually spent much 0:20:22.600 --> 0:20:23.800 time in that part of the world, but if I 0:20:23.800 --> 0:20:29.200 had to guess raw folds something like that. We do 0:20:29.280 --> 0:20:32.280 like one of our another. Another great tradition in Britain 0:20:32.400 --> 0:20:35.639 is having names which don't bear any relation to the 0:20:35.640 --> 0:20:37.520 way they're spelled. We just write them like that. Actually 0:20:37.560 --> 0:20:38.639 can tell if you're local or not. 0:20:39.280 --> 0:20:44.840 Yeah, yeah, I mean we primarily use British spelling conventions 0:20:46.040 --> 0:20:50.360 Internet in English, so I know all about your center 0:20:51.440 --> 0:20:53.520 with the R and then the E. 0:20:54.680 --> 0:20:58.199 Yeah, defense and yeah, I'm working on a book at 0:20:58.200 --> 0:21:01.720 the moment and my American Microsoft word is fighting me 0:21:01.840 --> 0:21:03.600 every step of the way on my spelling. 0:21:04.760 --> 0:21:08.240 Yeah, I mean, can't they see that the U is 0:21:08.280 --> 0:21:10.280 absolutely essential in the word color? 0:21:10.400 --> 0:21:12.320 Oh yeah, and without it we wouldn't know what it meant. 0:21:12.320 --> 0:21:13.800 And that's what language does. 0:21:27.680 --> 0:21:30.679 So yeah. So after this attack on Cartwright's mill, Ruffles 0:21:30.800 --> 0:21:36.000 mayor clak Eaton, the government accused over sixty men, including 0:21:36.560 --> 0:21:40.000 Mellow and his associates, of various crimes related to the 0:21:40.040 --> 0:21:43.520 rights activities. It's important to note that not all of 0:21:43.560 --> 0:21:47.320 these charged men were actually the right Some had no 0:21:47.359 --> 0:21:50.960 connection to the movement, and while these trials were technically 0:21:51.119 --> 0:21:55.400 legitimateury trials, many were abandoned due to a lack of evidence. 0:21:55.800 --> 0:21:58.719 They didn't the acquittal of thirty of those sixty men. 0:21:58.760 --> 0:22:01.880 And it's evident that these trials were primarily intended as 0:22:02.080 --> 0:22:07.479 show trials to discourage others from continuing the activities. And 0:22:07.520 --> 0:22:10.119 then here's here's where we get to the important bit. 0:22:11.200 --> 0:22:13.960 Parliament went on to make a machine breaking at eat 0:22:14.000 --> 0:22:18.880 industrial sabotage a capital crime with the Frame Breaking Act 0:22:19.000 --> 0:22:20.040 of eighteen twelve. 0:22:21.359 --> 0:22:23.919 Yeah, what a normal thing. And they've never repealed it, 0:22:23.960 --> 0:22:24.440 is that right? 0:22:25.040 --> 0:22:28.320 Yeah? I believe I don't think so. Ye're still in 0:22:28.359 --> 0:22:28.880 the books. 0:22:29.119 --> 0:22:34.000 Yeah, listen if you're listening since it was Yeah, I 0:22:34.000 --> 0:22:35.400 was going to say, if someone's listening in the UK, 0:22:35.520 --> 0:22:39.080 just give it a try to see what happens. Stake 0:22:39.119 --> 0:22:42.080 stakes are quite high, but yeah, you know, you never know, 0:22:42.200 --> 0:22:43.760 they might be might be able to get the Machine 0:22:43.760 --> 0:22:45.680 Breaking Act struck down a frame branking. 0:22:45.720 --> 0:22:48.960 Honestly, I wouldn't be surprised if you know, since it 0:22:49.000 --> 0:22:54.120 was established in eighteen twelve, if by now a lot 0:22:54.160 --> 0:22:57.240 of the British colonies you know, might still have it 0:22:57.320 --> 0:23:00.880 in their books as well. Yeah, yeah, herited that common 0:23:00.960 --> 0:23:04.320 law and stuff. Yeah, and I'm not like a legal score. 0:23:04.359 --> 0:23:05.520 I don't know all the deeds on that. 0:23:05.800 --> 0:23:08.080 No, I can see Liz trust incorporating it into her 0:23:08.119 --> 0:23:12.399 platform to return to our leadership position. It's like a 0:23:12.560 --> 0:23:16.080 very insane kind of Tory position. Like there's there's still 0:23:16.119 --> 0:23:19.880 this bizarre British like any time we have a protest 0:23:19.920 --> 0:23:22.159 movement in the streets in the UK, you can like 0:23:22.600 --> 0:23:26.439 log onto like meta Facebook or whatever and see like 0:23:27.119 --> 0:23:29.800 a certain type of British person being like sending the army. 0:23:30.280 --> 0:23:34.240 Like it's like a like there are people who have 0:23:34.280 --> 0:23:37.199 not reconstructed their opinions on labor organizing since the LA 0:23:37.280 --> 0:23:37.840 that period. 0:23:39.240 --> 0:23:44.320 Yeah, indeed, indeed they are the Conservative Party canally picture 0:23:44.359 --> 0:23:49.479