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Speaker 1: What's Francisco and my franco Robert Yeah, fuzz, there we go.

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Speaker 1: We introduced it. It's not as not as big a

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Speaker 1: name as Hitler. Like I'm gonna be honest with you,

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Speaker 1: not not doesn't have the kind of star power like

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Speaker 1: if Hitler. Hitler's like like Ben Affleck, right uh and

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Speaker 1: and we're doing like the Matt Damon of fascism today.

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Speaker 1: He's just just not the same. That is not accurate.

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Speaker 1: You are completely wrong. You just like his tattoo. Come on,

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Speaker 1: I love I love his trashy, gigantic, fullback phoenix tattoo.

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Speaker 1: Pretty funny, It's right, Okay, we gotta think of somebody.

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Speaker 1: It's like a Deep He's more famous than that. Affleck

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Speaker 1: will say, it's more like a Scottie Pippen, you know

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Speaker 1: what I'm saying, Like Scottie Pippen. To Hitler's the Michael

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Speaker 1: Jordans of fascism. It is like Scott Pippen. We're talking

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Speaker 1: to Scottie Pippen, and like Scottie Pippen, Francisco, yeah, he's

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Speaker 1: a yeah, yeah, Francisco is underrated. You know, he's good,

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Speaker 1: He's like not good. He's a monster at a shoe

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Speaker 1: exactly exactly Pippin's like we're talking about like like Franco's,

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Speaker 1: which would be Jack boots almost as tall as the

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Speaker 1: Hitler Jack boots and not quite as shiny coast, but

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Speaker 1: still Jack boots. Yeah, and they're little sheep Jack. Yeah

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Speaker 1: for the fascist on a budget. You know. Um, we're

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Speaker 1: trying to talk about the tattoo again. I did. I

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Speaker 1: always want to talk And how hilarious and how sad

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Speaker 1: Ben Affleck looks every time he's captured in the wild.

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Speaker 1: Just looks like he's been dying for the last twenty

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Speaker 1: straight years. And I'm here for it. Love Jack in

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Speaker 1: the box. It's incredible. He's just so miserable all the time.

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Speaker 1: It just feels like he spent so much time being

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Speaker 1: attractive that he just got tired of it. It was

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Speaker 1: just like, oh, speaking of fascism, you've heard of the

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Speaker 1: fewer principle, the idea that like a single man can

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Speaker 1: embody the spirit of a people, which is you know

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Speaker 1: what Hitler used to rise to power. I never believed

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Speaker 1: in it until Ben Affleck. Because Ben Affleck is the

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Speaker 1: spiritual embodiment of Boston. He's yeah, he's perfect. Yeah, he's

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Speaker 1: really really is. I yeah, like, if the Southeast weren't

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Speaker 1: so damn racist, I would really like that area, you

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Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. But yeah, oh yeah about the Celtics.

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Speaker 1: But I know a bit about fascism, and proper fascism

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Speaker 1: is a little bit different in every country. It's kind

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Speaker 1: of like, um, kind of like skittles, you know, different

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Speaker 1: flavors hips, Yeah, yeah, yeah, milk chocolate as opposed to

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Speaker 1: be dark. You know, this is part of why scholars

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Speaker 1: and theorists have such a damnable time defining what fascism is.

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Speaker 1: In the first place. There's a dictionary definition, right, There's

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Speaker 1: gonna be a dictionary definition in any dictionary you open.

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Speaker 1: But it's not really useful, in part because a lot

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Speaker 1: of dictionary definitions of fascism apply almost as well to

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Speaker 1: like communist regimes, any any authoritarian regime, which is, you know,

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Speaker 1: there's there's some points there, which is that whenever you

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Speaker 1: have a totalitarian system, similar bad things often do happen.

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Speaker 1: But fascism is unique for a number of reasons, including

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Speaker 1: its ability to subvert healthy democracies. Um. And so when

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Speaker 1: you have historians of fascism, people whose whole life is

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Speaker 1: studying this thing, this amorphous thing that we're still kind

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Speaker 1: of getting grips on. All of them kind of tend

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Speaker 1: to have their own definitions of it um, and often

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Speaker 1: those definitions don't contrast that just different ways of kind

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Speaker 1: of wording the same things. I tend to be feel

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Speaker 1: confident that Umberto Echo has done the best job of

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Speaker 1: defining it in his his essay on Earth Fascism. I'm

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Speaker 1: a big fan of the way Echo talked about fascism,

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Speaker 1: and I think that Echo would have named Trump as

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Speaker 1: a fascist straight away. Um in part because in the

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Speaker 1: mid nineties, when he wrote his essay on Earth Fascism,

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Speaker 1: he predicted that the Internet and like the way that

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Speaker 1: it allowed would allow people to spread messages and crowdsource activism,

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Speaker 1: would lead to the rise of a of a unique

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Speaker 1: kind of fascists. And I think that Trump embodied that

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Speaker 1: in a lot of ways, and I think Echo would

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Speaker 1: have seen it right away. Now, on the other hand,

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Speaker 1: I think I may know where you're where Echoes going out.

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Speaker 1: Haven't read the thing, But like, I have this theory

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Speaker 1: about a type of fascist that Trump is, But I'd

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Speaker 1: love to hear what this guy says. Yeah, I mean

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Speaker 1: Echo Echo kind of outlined a number of different things

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Speaker 1: that are like that are when you have a mix

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Speaker 1: of these things and sort of a constellation that is

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Speaker 1: what fascism is. So there's a mix of like you know,

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Speaker 1: popular resentment against the left, like a sense of machinesm

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Speaker 1: of of misogyny, um, a cult of action for actions sake, uh, syncretism,

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Speaker 1: the ability to like pull other things in and kind

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Speaker 1: of attached them to itself under like aspects of spirituality

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Speaker 1: and whatnot. Um, there were a bunch of different things

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Speaker 1: that that Echo noted as kind of key aspects of fascism. Um. Okay,

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Speaker 1: so sorry, you know what we're saying, no, because I

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Speaker 1: was gonna say, well, so interesting about like what I

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Speaker 1: feel like what we're gonna hear as history nerds for

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Speaker 1: the next you know, a hundred years, about the unique

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Speaker 1: the what Trump symbolizes and it might just be a

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Speaker 1: new type of fascism for the rest of our life.

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Speaker 1: But just this fascism that doesn't have a foreseeable goal,

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Speaker 1: like except for just being in power. Saying that was

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Speaker 1: so that's what was so interesting to me about the

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Speaker 1: uniqueness about Trump's fascism is like, yeah, but what's your

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Speaker 1: end game here, like what do you what are you doing?

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Speaker 1: You know what I'm saying, Whereas like we knew what

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Speaker 1: Mussolini was doing, we know what you know definitely and

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Speaker 1: we knew yeah he did it, Like we knew what

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Speaker 1: you were doing. This was your goal, you know what

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Speaker 1: I'm saying. And I'm just like what you're like, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: what are you doing? Dude? You know his lack of

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Speaker 1: a plan, right dot com? Yeah, apparently Trump saying that,

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Speaker 1: And you know, because I think that did I think

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Speaker 1: threw some people off is that he clearly didn't have

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Speaker 1: as much of it like Mussolini. I do think it's

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Speaker 1: more similar to Trump than Hitler's and the kind of

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Speaker 1: fascist that he was and in his goals. But Mussolini

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Speaker 1: had a plan to take and hold power, and I

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Speaker 1: guess one of the things that's been revealed is that

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Speaker 1: like Trump definitely wanted to take and hold power, but

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Speaker 1: he did not have much of a plan. Not yeah,

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Speaker 1: I was like, your goal is to reach a goal,

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Speaker 1: when yeah, yeah, your goal was just almost like yeah,

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Speaker 1: He's there's a lot to be said, and I don't know,

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Speaker 1: you just wanted to keep being right, you know, I'm

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Speaker 1: like about what Yeah. Anyway, it's interesting and a number

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Speaker 1: of like, there are other scholars of fascism who took

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Speaker 1: a lot longer to kind of decide that that Trump

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Speaker 1: fit their definition of fascism. I'm thinking about Robert Paxton here.

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Speaker 1: And Paxton is a very well respected scholar of fascism.

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Speaker 1: He wrote a book called The Anatomy of Fascism. That's

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Speaker 1: a very good book. Um. And he only felt comfortable

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Speaker 1: declaring Trump a fascist after January six, and he was like,

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Speaker 1: that was the line, Like it was. Paxton has been

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Speaker 1: consistent he's an authoritarian, there's fascist elements and what he does,

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Speaker 1: but he didn't kind of name him a fascist until

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Speaker 1: after the six And like, I'm not slamming Paxton. I

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Speaker 1: think there's a room for intellectual debate on total and

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Speaker 1: I understand kind of why he, like, like you said,

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Speaker 1: Trump's a different kind of one, right, and where fascism

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Speaker 1: changes based on the country and based on the time period,

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Speaker 1: you know, um, And I do think kind of one

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Speaker 1: of the things that Echo was was sort of peering

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Speaker 1: around the edges of when he was talking about how

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Speaker 1: he thought we were going to see an internet based

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Speaker 1: fascism in the future, was the idea that like another

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Speaker 1: aspect of fascism, and he didn't define this as a

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Speaker 1: key aspect of fascism, but I think that it is

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Speaker 1: is the fascist is the ability to find a way

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Speaker 1: to utilize new media technology in a way that no

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Speaker 1: one else understands yet, which Trump did right. No other

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Speaker 1: politician understood how to use social media in the way

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Speaker 1: that Trump did when Trump came onto the scene. Um,

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Speaker 1: it's a big part of his success anyway. So there's

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Speaker 1: a lot of debate over what is a fascist, And

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Speaker 1: as a result of this debate, there's actually quite a

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Speaker 1: lot of argument on whether or not the regime of

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Speaker 1: Francisco Franco in Spain was truly fascist. And you'll find

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Speaker 1: a lot of argument about this about whether or not

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Speaker 1: Franco was a fascist. There were fascists in Spain, absolutely,

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Speaker 1: whether or not Franco and his regime really counts, um.

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Speaker 1: And what's not up for debate is that many elements

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Speaker 1: of the Spanish right leading up to enduring the Spanish

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Speaker 1: Civil War, we're fascists in that Fascist powers Italy and

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Speaker 1: in Germany intervened in that civil war because they saw

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Speaker 1: what was happening there as a battle between fascism and

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Speaker 1: socialism largely um and more to the point, whatever you

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Speaker 1: can say about Franco himself, and we'll talk about him

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Speaker 1: more in Part two. The Battle over Spain in the

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Speaker 1: late nineteen thirties absolutely ranks as the first open military

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Speaker 1: conflict between fascism and democracy and fascism and socialism. To

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Speaker 1: write like all of that was kind of in the mix.

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Speaker 1: And on the Spanish side, the Republican side, you had

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Speaker 1: like the Spanish Republic who were you know, liberals more

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Speaker 1: or less people who supported like a constitutional democracy, and

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Speaker 1: you had anarchists and communists and socialists, Severian kind of

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Speaker 1: lesser strains. Trotsky Is too, who were It's a very

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Speaker 1: complicated civil war. It's more like Syria than than a

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Speaker 1: lot of other conflicts because there's so much going on,

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Speaker 1: so many different different kind of corners to it. It's

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Speaker 1: interesting real quick before you get into this is like

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Speaker 1: you know, in a past life, I was like a

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Speaker 1: history and social science like high school teacher, and I

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Speaker 1: went through the entire credentialing process all the way up

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Speaker 1: to masters, and at no point in any of our

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Speaker 1: California standards was it ever required to talk about this

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Speaker 1: and which is so interesting to me to win, especially

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Speaker 1: when I'm trying to set up, you know, because since

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Speaker 1: I wasn't a direct history I was more like a

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Speaker 1: social science teacher trying to set up how cultures get

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Speaker 1: where they get and like why it was so weird

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Speaker 1: around World War two and why we got so like

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Speaker 1: we was already itchy. Why a lot of a lot

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Speaker 1: of us was like, man, we really don't want to

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Speaker 1: go over there. It's because we was. I was like, well,

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Speaker 1: because of the Spanish Civil War, like we kind of

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Speaker 1: you know, who's kind of going back and forth about

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Speaker 1: sending troops over there like it was. And the students

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Speaker 1: were like, wait what and I'm like, yeah, the space. Yes,

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Speaker 1: Spain had a civil war, like this happened, like you

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Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. This was like it was right

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Speaker 1: before World War Two, Like this happened. It was like

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Speaker 1: this whole big thing. That's like it's a big thing,

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Speaker 1: and we were involved, like we almost saying but just

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Speaker 1: like that's like no, thousands of Americans volunteered. Yeah yes,

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Speaker 1: And I'm like it's not required to talk about and

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Speaker 1: I'm like, oh my god, this is You're missing this.

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Speaker 1: You're missing a lot of the story if you don't

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Speaker 1: understand why even World War Two is so touchy for us. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and part of it was this anyway, going, one of

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Speaker 1: the reasons people don't like to talk about this is

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Speaker 1: that it is it's very complicated, and it is not

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Speaker 1: as much of a cut and dried story as makes

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Speaker 1: it easy to sort of summarize. Right, once the fighting starts,

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Speaker 1: once the Civil War starts, it is a bit easier.

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Speaker 1: But even then, it's a very fucking messy war. And

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Speaker 1: there are really shitty people um on on the good

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Speaker 1: guys side too, right, Like there's a lot of like

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Speaker 1: very ugly stuff that happens because it's a war. You know.

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Speaker 1: The same is true of World War Two. It's just

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Speaker 1: been heavily whitewashed, and the Nazis were so fucking bad

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Speaker 1: that it makes it a lot easier to make your

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Speaker 1: side seem like the good dudes. Um Now, in some ways,

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Speaker 1: like because of how complicated it is, And we're going

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Speaker 1: this whole episode is about the birth of Spanish fascism,

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Speaker 1: and we're gonna do some pretty deep history here, um

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Speaker 1: and in in some ways, the story of how fascism

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Speaker 1: evolves in Spain bears a lot less resemblance to what's

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Speaker 1: happened in America than either of the two stories we've

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Speaker 1: discussed so far. But while they're the similarities are a

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Speaker 1: lot less direct. I actually think there's a lot here

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Speaker 1: that's valuable because we're going to kind of lay out

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Speaker 1: how this evolved over time and how the birth of

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Speaker 1: fascism in Spain was woven into the birth of democracy itself.

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Speaker 1: And I think that's a really important story. Um, but

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Speaker 1: we're gonna need a lot of context. So Spain is unique,

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Speaker 1: fairly unique among European nations, and that it has not

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Speaker 1: had a sense of nationalism from most of modern history. Um,

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Speaker 1: not in nearly the same way that you got with England,

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Speaker 1: or with France or with Germany once you know, eighteen

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Speaker 1: seventy whatever rolls around. Um, the Spanish state does go

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Speaker 1: back very far to fourteen seventy eight when Ferdinand and Isabella,

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Speaker 1: you know, the Columbus folks, right when they decided to

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Speaker 1: yeah South America, Yeah yeah, yeah. And before that they

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Speaker 1: were the ones, like Spain they kick out the More's,

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Speaker 1: you know, the the Muslims who had kind of taken

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Speaker 1: over a chunk of Iberia as a result of the

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Speaker 1: counter into anyway they take back Spain for Christendom, that

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Speaker 1: would be the way they would have framed it. Um.

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Speaker 1: But they don't actually make a nation, not in any

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Speaker 1: modern sense. Spain is a bunch of independent kingdoms, and

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Speaker 1: those independent kingdoms up until fairly recently never really melded together.

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Speaker 1: You've got the Aragonese, and you've got Catalans, and you've

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Speaker 1: got the Basque and they all of their and there's

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Speaker 1: there's more than that, right this, But don't pretend I'm

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Speaker 1: not going to pretend this is Spanish history is incredibly complicated.

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Speaker 1: I am very far from an expert um. And there

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Speaker 1: are still issues with like a lot of Catalans and

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Speaker 1: a lot of Basque still want like some at least

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Speaker 1: some degree of independence from the Spanish state, yeah, recognition

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Speaker 1: from yeah, and they all of their own languages and

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Speaker 1: cultural traditions. And one of the things that I learned

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Speaker 1: that's interesting actually is that um, the the the like Spanish,

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Speaker 1: what we know is Spanish comes from the chunk of

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Speaker 1: like the the language group that was kind of most

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Speaker 1: dominant in Iberia. But they actually he stole the word

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Speaker 1: for the country from I think it was the Catalan

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Speaker 1: so like it's it's it's very anyway, very complicated history.

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Speaker 1: Um and from most of Spanish history, the only unifying

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Speaker 1: factors of all these very disparate groups of people were

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Speaker 1: the crown, the king, and the Catholic Church um and

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Speaker 1: mainly the Catholic Church. Right Now, in the eighteen hundred,

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Speaker 1: Spain was dominated by a revolution, or Spain was kind

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Speaker 1: of overtaken. Spanish thought was overtaken by a revolution in

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Speaker 1: classical liberalism, right, that sort of takes over a lot

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Speaker 1: of parts of Europe at this point in time. In

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Speaker 1: Spain is is is included in that. But in Spain,

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Speaker 1: this kind of new liberal wave largely failed to push

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Speaker 1: for any kind of mass Spanish identity. It didn't like

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Speaker 1: and this is where you start to get like French identity,

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Speaker 1: right and like, but you don't really get that, um.

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Speaker 1: I mean in France it starts earlier than the eight hundreds,

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Speaker 1: but like, you don't really get that in a big

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Speaker 1: way in Spain. And part of the reason is that

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Speaker 1: kind of the cultural elites failed to institute any meaningful

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Speaker 1: education reforms for the majority of the population ation UM

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Speaker 1: Like France in the same period establishes a functional education system,

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Speaker 1: and by contrast, Spain's failure to do this means that

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Speaker 1: education remained the purview of the Catholic Church. They do

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Speaker 1: most of the educating and it's only for the wealthy.

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Speaker 1: Um and the country would deal with widespread illiteracy well

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Speaker 1: into the nineteen hundreds. And when you don't have mass

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Speaker 1: public education, one of the things you don't have is

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Speaker 1: a widespread idea of the history and like what your

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Speaker 1: nation is. And like right, that's part of why anyway,

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Speaker 1: there's not Nationalism is not really much of a thing

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Speaker 1: in Spain, um as a result of this too busy

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Speaker 1: killing off. And they're absolutely that's one of the things.

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Speaker 1: That's where they're a huge imperial power and someone's there

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Speaker 1: the first world power, um, like the first power that's

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Speaker 1: like on on a level of like what the US

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Speaker 1: was earlier in our lifetimes. Yeah, yeah, knowing like being

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Speaker 1: being a Californian married to a Mexican woman, like you know,

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Speaker 1: you you have to somehow kind of know a little

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Speaker 1: Spanish history as to why these why these Mayans are

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Speaker 1: speaking spanning you know what I'm saying, and like and uh,

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Speaker 1: you know because the part of Mexico she's from there

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Speaker 1: from southern Mexican Mexico, so like they're they're kind of Mayan,

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Speaker 1: you know what I mean. And um, but yeah, this

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Speaker 1: like weird, like how they exported this like colorism and

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Speaker 1: just this weird el Yeah. But at the same time,

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Speaker 1: kan nobody in your country read you know, So it's

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Speaker 1: just this weird like thing happening with Spain. Yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: it's very weird. And like, if we're going to be

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Speaker 1: completely fair, like if you look at the system of

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Speaker 1: sort of slavery that was instituted in what we now

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Speaker 1: call Latin America, Um, it's it's one of the few

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Speaker 1: systems of slavery and history that's like on the same

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Speaker 1: level as what we had in the American South, like

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Speaker 1: absolutely and and and and genocides. So I'm not trying

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Speaker 1: to like whitewash Spanish history, you know what I'm saying.

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Speaker 1: They don't have nationalism. It's just not it's not the

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Speaker 1: same as it is with all and that's what I'm

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Speaker 1: saying that that's I'm adding to it, like that it's

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Speaker 1: peculiar that they had such an imperialistic power without this

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Speaker 1: like national idea. Yeah, it is. It's uty odd like

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Speaker 1: Spain is an interesting country to study. Now, the Catholic

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Speaker 1: Church was a major force in Spain for pushing against

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Speaker 1: the development of a modern liberal state. Right in the

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Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds. You don't really have nations anywhere up until

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Speaker 1: like it started, like that concept kind of starts like

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Speaker 1: in the seventeen hundreds, Like things shifts a lot less.

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Speaker 1: The idea of like a nation, the way that we

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Speaker 1: conceive of one is kind of born in this period

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Speaker 1: seventeen eight hundreds, and the Catholic Church in Spain really

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Speaker 1: pushes against the modern liberal state. Um. This was largely

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Speaker 1: due to the fact that liberalism had an anti clerical bias. Right.

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Speaker 1: The Catholic Church for the medieval period is like the

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Speaker 1: most the big power in the world. Right, they had

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Speaker 1: influence everywhere in Christendom, and they start to lose it

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Speaker 1: in this period because governments are like, well, where are

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Speaker 1: we gonna let a church in Italy tell our government

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Speaker 1: like we're England. I don't like, I don't give a

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Speaker 1: ship what you said, yeah, um? And the you know,

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Speaker 1: Catholic Catholicisms huge in Spain and the church is like,

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Speaker 1: we don't want any of this ship going on. So Spain,

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Speaker 1: the Church pushes against kind of a lot of modernizing ideas,

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Speaker 1: and one of those things is that Spain fails to

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Speaker 1: develop a modern military system. And while it was again

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Speaker 1: a massive military power, they never do like what France does,

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Speaker 1: where you you start this idea of a nation under

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Speaker 1: arms and a modern professional style of the military, that

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Speaker 1: takes a lot longer to develop in Spain, and it's

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Speaker 1: part of why they don't do so well when everyone

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Speaker 1: else develops a modern military right, and they start losing

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Speaker 1: their empire, both to a combination of European powers taking

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Speaker 1: their ship from them and from a lot of revolutions

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Speaker 1: in places they had controlled that overthrows them. Um. And

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Speaker 1: so the seventeen hundreds and eighteen hundreds see a rapid

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Speaker 1: decline in Spanish power, and it had been declining before then,

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Speaker 1: but yeah, now the ultimate collapse of Spanish imperialism um

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Speaker 1: really comes in eighteen ninety eight when the United States

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Speaker 1: goes to war with Spain for no reason really and

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Speaker 1: takes over Cuba just because like it's a just m

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Speaker 1: just like you want to do imperial power, we could

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Speaker 1: be that ya, And there you know, Spain is an

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Speaker 1: unbelievably brutal particularly in the Philippines and then we take

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Speaker 1: over and we're unbelievably brutal in the Philippines and the

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Speaker 1: people they are like, oh you guys, so are we

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Speaker 1: going to have a democracy now? And we're like no, no, no, no,

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Speaker 1: no no, we want your ship, like we want your ship.

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Speaker 1: You know, she's setting you free so we can own you.

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Speaker 1: I mean, don't that kind of freedom. It's that kind

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Speaker 1: of you. It's that kind of freedom. Yeah, Like we

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Speaker 1: don't even let women in our country vote. You think

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Speaker 1: we're gonna let you vote? What are you? What are

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Speaker 1: you talking about? It's motherfucker's so interesting. Nothing changes, No,

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Speaker 1: it's just your leaders speak English now. I mean, our

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Speaker 1: guns are better. Our guns are a lot better than

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Speaker 1: Spanish guns. They're guns sucked. That's why we're in charge now.

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Speaker 1: Colonialism So so one of the things that's interesting about

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Speaker 1: Spain is lady late eighties, early nine, that's like the

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Speaker 1: height of colonialism, right before World War One starts like

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Speaker 1: like murders a lot of the great powers that controlled

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Speaker 1: the whole world. So like they are the they are

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Speaker 1: writing high Africa has just been like, you know, murdered,

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Speaker 1: like in a lot of ways, like colonize, the scramble

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Speaker 1: for Africa's like at its height. You know, Belgium owns

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Speaker 1: the Congo. It's that period. So everyone else who's doing

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Speaker 1: imperialism is doing gang busters. In Spain's empire collapses. So

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Speaker 1: what happens to everyone else in like the fifties, sixties, seventies, UM,

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Speaker 1: really happens to Spain like sixty, a couple of generations earlier.

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Speaker 1: So they actually go through the color There an empire

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Speaker 1: who goes through the collapse of colonialism while everyone else

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Speaker 1: is doing great at colonialism, which is one of the

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Speaker 1: things that makes them very interesting. So some of the

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Speaker 1: things that happen in colonial powers when their empires collapse,

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Speaker 1: these things that we've seen in Germany and France and

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Speaker 1: England and that we're seeing now in the United States

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Speaker 1: happen in Spain in the late eighteen nineties, because it's

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Speaker 1: just the stuff that happens when you're an empire that fails.

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Speaker 1: I find that really interesting. The story, and Stanley pain

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Speaker 1: Uh calls eight the first modern postcolonial trauma in Western

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Speaker 1: Europe UM, and I think you do have to view

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Speaker 1: it as a trauma for the people in Spain, and

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Speaker 1: probably the best equivalent to our own society would be

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Speaker 1: the ongoing trauma that a lot of Americans have faced

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Speaker 1: in Vietnam and Iraq and Afghanistan. And I'm not trying

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Speaker 1: to minimize the trauma's faced in those countries as a

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Speaker 1: result of US action, which are commensurately greater. But we've

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Speaker 1: seen in the Maga movement, right and all of these

404
00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:27,440
Speaker 1: like that, it's that have come home and stormed the

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Speaker 1: capital and ship like it is a trauma. It's a trauma.

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Speaker 1: We were an empire that fails. It fox people up

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Speaker 1: who were used to being the empire. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: that yeah, that's that's that. I'll find that part, like,

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Speaker 1: you know, as being a black dude being like, you know,

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Speaker 1: we the saying you know that like a qualities oppression

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Speaker 1: if all you know is privileged, you know what I'm saying.

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Speaker 1: So like when if you're just you're so used to

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Speaker 1: the system working for you, the second it doesn't, you're

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Speaker 1: like something must be broken. You're like, well, no, it

415
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Speaker 1: was broke. That's why it worked for you, you know

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Speaker 1: what I'm saying. Yeah, yeah, it was always broken. It

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Speaker 1: was always one of the people it worked for. So yeah,

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Speaker 1: Spain deals with this post colonial trauma very early, right

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Speaker 1: before the rest, before the rest of the Western world.

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Speaker 1: Right really does because it fails for them. They were

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Speaker 1: the first for it to work, and they were the

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Speaker 1: first that it failed for which I guess makes sense now.

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Speaker 1: Like in the US, all those failing colonial ventures that

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Speaker 1: we had flooded the United States with disaffected veterans debt,

425
00:21:28,480 --> 00:21:30,480
Speaker 1: and it fueled the rise of a resentful right wing

426
00:21:30,520 --> 00:21:32,640
Speaker 1: as well as feeling the rise of a dissident left

427
00:21:32,640 --> 00:21:35,200
Speaker 1: wing right. Both of all of that stuff was really

428
00:21:35,720 --> 00:21:39,000
Speaker 1: um incited in a lot of ways by UH. And

429
00:21:39,119 --> 00:21:41,120
Speaker 1: obviously I'm not calling the dissident left a bad thing,

430
00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:46,000
Speaker 1: um But like those horrible colonial wars, we had really

431
00:21:46,040 --> 00:21:48,359
Speaker 1: fueled a lot of that. And the situation in Spain

432
00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:52,399
Speaker 1: after EE is not all that different. Now, with her

433
00:21:52,480 --> 00:21:55,680
Speaker 1: years as a great power seemingly behind her, Spanish intellectuals

434
00:21:55,680 --> 00:21:58,159
Speaker 1: begin to wonder if the sense of exceptionalism that they

435
00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:01,320
Speaker 1: had always taken for granted had been based on false premises.

436
00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:05,560
Speaker 1: And I'm gonna quote from historian Stanley pain here. I know, right, interesting, Yeah.

437
00:22:05,800 --> 00:22:08,760
Speaker 1: Symptomatic of the dismay of the nationalist military was an

438
00:22:08,840 --> 00:22:12,840
Speaker 1: editorial in El Haraldo Militar on twenty three November nineteen

439
00:22:12,880 --> 00:22:17,120
Speaker 1: o eight, entitled worse than anywhere, It declared, wherever we look,

440
00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:21,080
Speaker 1: we find greater virility than in our own people. In Turkey, Persia, China,

441
00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:24,160
Speaker 1: the Balkan States, everywhere we find life and energy, even

442
00:22:24,160 --> 00:22:27,439
Speaker 1: in Russia. In Spain there was only apathy and submission.

443
00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:33,840
Speaker 1: How sad it is to think about the situation in Spain. Yeah,

444
00:22:33,920 --> 00:22:38,320
Speaker 1: it kind of feels like us in the coronavirus. We're like, yeah,

445
00:22:38,440 --> 00:22:41,359
Speaker 1: I think Americans can identify with a lot of wait

446
00:22:41,520 --> 00:22:45,679
Speaker 1: they're hearing here, even if you don't feel it bad you,

447
00:22:45,680 --> 00:22:47,959
Speaker 1: you know the intellectuals in our own society who are

448
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:51,880
Speaker 1: saying the same ship right, yes, yes, Now. The Spanish

449
00:22:51,920 --> 00:22:54,760
Speaker 1: political system was not at all stable domestically during the

450
00:22:54,800 --> 00:22:57,720
Speaker 1: period after like while her empire was in free fall,

451
00:22:57,960 --> 00:23:00,480
Speaker 1: and that's part of why the empire didn't last. Eighteen

452
00:23:00,520 --> 00:23:02,560
Speaker 1: o three to the early nineteen hundreds. There were more

453
00:23:02,560 --> 00:23:05,679
Speaker 1: than a dozen military coups. Between eighteen thirty three and

454
00:23:05,680 --> 00:23:08,800
Speaker 1: eighteen seventy six, Spain was racked by three civil wars,

455
00:23:09,040 --> 00:23:12,000
Speaker 1: the car List Wars, which were not battles against everybody's

456
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:15,920
Speaker 1: favorite tertiary Simpson's character, but were instead members of a conservative,

457
00:23:15,920 --> 00:23:19,119
Speaker 1: pro church political movement. The car Lists were the violent,

458
00:23:19,240 --> 00:23:22,879
Speaker 1: armed wing of Catholics right. There were the embodiment of

459
00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:26,600
Speaker 1: clerical resentment against liberal Spain. They were religious extremists who

460
00:23:26,640 --> 00:23:29,640
Speaker 1: didn't want the country to modernize. Um and I found

461
00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:32,320
Speaker 1: a very detailed right up for students on a Lyman

462
00:23:32,359 --> 00:23:35,160
Speaker 1: dot uk that notes the car List wars quote where

463
00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:38,120
Speaker 1: fought with a fervor and brutality derived from deep divisions

464
00:23:38,160 --> 00:23:41,280
Speaker 1: within Spain. They also lasted longer than national wars and

465
00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:44,639
Speaker 1: were more difficult to resolve. They anticipated the Spanish Civil

466
00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:46,919
Speaker 1: War in a number of respects. There was a strong

467
00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:50,399
Speaker 1: element of different and conflicting beliefs within the country, profound

468
00:23:50,440 --> 00:23:54,840
Speaker 1: traditional Catholicism against modern liberal thought, regional independence against traditional

469
00:23:54,880 --> 00:24:00,040
Speaker 1: central control, political liberalism against deep conservative monarchism. So this

470
00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:01,720
Speaker 1: is all the stuff that's been cooking up in the

471
00:24:01,720 --> 00:24:04,480
Speaker 1: background of Spanish politics at the turn of the twentieth century.

472
00:24:04,880 --> 00:24:07,320
Speaker 1: Now partly as a result of the Carlist wars, Spain

473
00:24:07,359 --> 00:24:10,600
Speaker 1: had a relatively underdeveloped right wing in this period because

474
00:24:10,720 --> 00:24:13,119
Speaker 1: you know, a lot of them gotten killed in wars

475
00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:15,760
Speaker 1: um and they've been very tied to the Church, so

476
00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:18,000
Speaker 1: there wasn't as much like a nationalist right wing. It

477
00:24:18,080 --> 00:24:21,920
Speaker 1: was a Catholic right wing. Now, Spanish nationalism, as I said,

478
00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:23,840
Speaker 1: was kind of nascent and didn't really start to erupt

479
00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:26,680
Speaker 1: into the street until after World War One. In Spain

480
00:24:26,760 --> 00:24:28,399
Speaker 1: was neutral in World War One, so you think they

481
00:24:28,440 --> 00:24:30,000
Speaker 1: might be in a better position because they don't really

482
00:24:30,040 --> 00:24:32,920
Speaker 1: get involved in this ship um, and it does delay

483
00:24:33,080 --> 00:24:35,440
Speaker 1: a lot of political extremism in the country. It's why

484
00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:38,040
Speaker 1: they don't have, like, you know, a communist movement that's

485
00:24:38,040 --> 00:24:40,960
Speaker 1: really a big deal until after the war. The first

486
00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:44,760
Speaker 1: big street fight in Spain between radical political groups actually

487
00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:48,440
Speaker 1: happened between two opposed groups of nationalists in nineteen nineteen.

488
00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:52,920
Speaker 1: Radical Catalanists, which are like big like advocates of Catalan separatism,

489
00:24:53,320 --> 00:24:56,600
Speaker 1: had been holding peaceful nightly demonstrations in favor of independence

490
00:24:56,600 --> 00:25:00,000
Speaker 1: throughout nineteen eighteen. In January of nineteen nineteen, a group

491
00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:03,600
Speaker 1: of right wing Espaniolistas, who are like nationalists violence Spanish

492
00:25:03,680 --> 00:25:08,680
Speaker 1: nationalists assaulted this gathering of peaceful Catalanists. Both groups battled

493
00:25:08,680 --> 00:25:10,560
Speaker 1: it out in the streets of Barcelona, and what would

494
00:25:10,560 --> 00:25:13,800
Speaker 1: soon become a familiar display the Espaniolistas were a mix

495
00:25:13,800 --> 00:25:16,200
Speaker 1: of local army officers and men from a group calling

496
00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:20,800
Speaker 1: itself the Lega Patriotica Espaniola. This violence was soon superseded

497
00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:23,359
Speaker 1: by a spree of organized political murders by a narco

498
00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:25,800
Speaker 1: syndicalists from a labor federation called the C and T.

499
00:25:26,400 --> 00:25:29,440
Speaker 1: And this is like unrelated to the national separatism. There's

500
00:25:29,480 --> 00:25:31,720
Speaker 1: also and we'll talk about anarchism in a second, but

501
00:25:31,920 --> 00:25:35,080
Speaker 1: a bunch of anarchists extremists start murdering people based on

502
00:25:35,160 --> 00:25:38,919
Speaker 1: like like, based on class really, um, and that brings

503
00:25:38,960 --> 00:25:41,480
Speaker 1: us a temporary stop to all the street fighting, because

504
00:25:41,480 --> 00:25:44,280
Speaker 1: the murders bring the cops out against all sorts of

505
00:25:44,280 --> 00:25:46,959
Speaker 1: what are considered to be political extremists. And it briefly

506
00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:49,280
Speaker 1: claims it's what we're about to see in the United States,

507
00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:52,240
Speaker 1: and it briefly clamps down on all political organization in

508
00:25:52,280 --> 00:25:57,240
Speaker 1: the streets. Yeah. Now, in most of Western Europe, anarchists

509
00:25:57,320 --> 00:26:00,600
Speaker 1: tended to be smaller, Like, they weren't really rare for

510
00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:03,680
Speaker 1: anarchists to make a large percentage of political radicals in

511
00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:06,560
Speaker 1: the European country. Um. And it's much more common for

512
00:26:06,600 --> 00:26:10,119
Speaker 1: like socialists and communists to be a significant like force,

513
00:26:10,160 --> 00:26:13,359
Speaker 1: a significant like sized force. Ukraine would be an east

514
00:26:13,640 --> 00:26:15,840
Speaker 1: An exception to that. We talked about Nestor mcnow on

515
00:26:15,880 --> 00:26:19,200
Speaker 1: our our Christmas episodes UM And part of why Ukraine

516
00:26:19,240 --> 00:26:21,959
Speaker 1: had a large and organized anarchist movement is that Ukraine

517
00:26:22,000 --> 00:26:24,560
Speaker 1: was largely agrarian. And one of the things we see

518
00:26:25,040 --> 00:26:27,680
Speaker 1: in in like Europe in this period of time is

519
00:26:27,720 --> 00:26:30,560
Speaker 1: that nations that have a large industrial base and a

520
00:26:30,560 --> 00:26:34,359
Speaker 1: lot of industrial workers have a huge communist movement. Nations

521
00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:37,600
Speaker 1: that are primarily rural and agricultural have a large anarchist

522
00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:41,240
Speaker 1: movement because anarchists are more common kind of come out

523
00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:45,000
Speaker 1: of agrarian, rural communities more often than common, because communism

524
00:26:45,040 --> 00:26:47,760
Speaker 1: is a workers movement. Marks early on in his career

525
00:26:47,840 --> 00:26:50,600
Speaker 1: was very much like you like kind of wrote off

526
00:26:50,600 --> 00:26:52,840
Speaker 1: for a long time rural people. Was like, no, it's

527
00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:55,439
Speaker 1: all about the workers. It's about industrial like them. You

528
00:26:55,480 --> 00:26:58,000
Speaker 1: can organize and you can use them to take you know,

529
00:26:58,119 --> 00:27:01,439
Speaker 1: take over the system basically, and like rural people are

530
00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:03,280
Speaker 1: kind of a lost cause. And he did change on

531
00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:06,240
Speaker 1: that later in his life and staff, but like, that's

532
00:27:06,280 --> 00:27:09,640
Speaker 1: part of why you don't really see communism erupt out

533
00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:12,199
Speaker 1: of rural areas in this period, you see anarchism when

534
00:27:12,240 --> 00:27:15,920
Speaker 1: you see left wing extreme Yeah. Yeah, so I'm gonna

535
00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:18,240
Speaker 1: quote it. Yeah, it's it's interesting, right, I didn't actually

536
00:27:19,200 --> 00:27:22,600
Speaker 1: thought of that. Yeah, And that's part of why when

537
00:27:22,600 --> 00:27:24,720
Speaker 1: I think about ways in which to pull people in

538
00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:28,560
Speaker 1: rural America away from right wing extremism, I think of

539
00:27:28,600 --> 00:27:32,840
Speaker 1: more systems like democratic confederalism or libertary municipalism like book

540
00:27:32,880 --> 00:27:35,240
Speaker 1: chin Um that are kind of more of an out

541
00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:37,040
Speaker 1: of a more anarchist view because like a lot of

542
00:27:37,080 --> 00:27:39,960
Speaker 1: these libertarians, I do think you can pull into a

543
00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:44,119
Speaker 1: more reasonable system that's not right wing extremism, because a

544
00:27:44,119 --> 00:27:45,840
Speaker 1: lot of their basic ideology is I want to be

545
00:27:45,960 --> 00:27:47,919
Speaker 1: left alone. And I think you could be like, well,

546
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:50,120
Speaker 1: we we want to leave you alone. We just also

547
00:27:50,119 --> 00:27:52,040
Speaker 1: would like to be left alone. Can we figure out

548
00:27:52,080 --> 00:27:55,439
Speaker 1: a way to like yes, yes, yeah. Um. So I'm

549
00:27:55,480 --> 00:27:58,120
Speaker 1: gonna quote from Lemon dot Uk again on kind of

550
00:27:58,560 --> 00:28:01,920
Speaker 1: politics and Spain in this period. Quote capitalist industry had

551
00:28:01,960 --> 00:28:03,960
Speaker 1: not developed in the same ways that had in Germany,

552
00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:06,120
Speaker 1: Britain and America, and Spain had little in the way

553
00:28:06,119 --> 00:28:09,439
Speaker 1: of organized labor after small scale beginnings in eighteen sixty eight.

554
00:28:09,520 --> 00:28:12,159
Speaker 1: Anarchism came to be a major revolutionary influence of the

555
00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:15,080
Speaker 1: twentieth century and was more widely embraced in Spain than

556
00:28:15,080 --> 00:28:17,879
Speaker 1: other left wing ideas. The movement first gained notice in

557
00:28:17,920 --> 00:28:20,560
Speaker 1: the eighteen seventies after a violent incident at the town

558
00:28:20,600 --> 00:28:23,440
Speaker 1: of Alcoy in eighteen seventy three, when anarchists took advantage

559
00:28:23,480 --> 00:28:25,959
Speaker 1: of a strike to spread radical ideas, causing the police

560
00:28:26,040 --> 00:28:29,400
Speaker 1: to fire on the gathered populace. A clampdown was enforced

561
00:28:29,400 --> 00:28:32,879
Speaker 1: that sent the movement underground. Consequently, it became largely based

562
00:28:32,880 --> 00:28:35,800
Speaker 1: in rural areas, which were more difficult to police. Anarchism

563
00:28:35,880 --> 00:28:38,280
Speaker 1: was reduced to individual acts of terrorism, which in turn

564
00:28:38,360 --> 00:28:40,480
Speaker 1: were met by repression and torture by the state throughout

565
00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:44,120
Speaker 1: the eighteen eighties and eighteen nineties. By the early twentieth century,

566
00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:47,160
Speaker 1: terrorism had given way to a belief in anarcho syndicalism.

567
00:28:47,200 --> 00:28:49,080
Speaker 1: This was the theory that the state could be challenged

568
00:28:49,120 --> 00:28:52,280
Speaker 1: by cooperative action by the workers and strikes. The Federation

569
00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:54,720
Speaker 1: of Workers Societies and the of the Spanish Region was

570
00:28:54,760 --> 00:28:58,080
Speaker 1: formed in nineteen hundred. This movement organized strikes to exercise

571
00:28:58,080 --> 00:29:01,320
Speaker 1: political power and was again suppressed wage cuts and closures

572
00:29:01,320 --> 00:29:03,840
Speaker 1: of factories in Barcelona in nineteen o nine, together with

573
00:29:03,880 --> 00:29:06,040
Speaker 1: the call up of men for a colonial war in Morocco,

574
00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:08,360
Speaker 1: led to a general strike in the city on twenty

575
00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:10,920
Speaker 1: six of July. This turned out to be a major event,

576
00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:14,080
Speaker 1: with seventeen hundred arrests, attacks on railway lines, and anti

577
00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:18,560
Speaker 1: clericalism hostility to the church. Eighty churches and monasteries were attacked.

578
00:29:18,680 --> 00:29:21,480
Speaker 1: The government response was swift and merciless, and five leaders

579
00:29:21,480 --> 00:29:24,600
Speaker 1: were executed. And this is a big thing with like

580
00:29:24,640 --> 00:29:27,080
Speaker 1: a particularly the anarchist in Spain. They burned a lot

581
00:29:27,080 --> 00:29:29,680
Speaker 1: of churches down, and they kill a lot of Catholic priests,

582
00:29:30,160 --> 00:29:32,360
Speaker 1: um and some of that, a lot of that is

583
00:29:32,560 --> 00:29:34,680
Speaker 1: them murdering people who didn't deserve it, and a lot

584
00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:36,640
Speaker 1: of them that is them murdering people who did because

585
00:29:36,640 --> 00:29:42,760
Speaker 1: the Catholic Church is also terrible, like kind of why yeah,

586
00:29:43,880 --> 00:29:46,400
Speaker 1: if you're looking for like a pure good guy or

587
00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:48,680
Speaker 1: a peer victim, you will rarely find it in this

588
00:29:48,880 --> 00:29:51,480
Speaker 1: Like there are right like obviously I'm not saying like

589
00:29:51,480 --> 00:29:54,480
Speaker 1: like there's nuns and ship they get murdered, that's not chill.

590
00:29:54,800 --> 00:29:57,560
Speaker 1: The Catholic Church is also responsible for horrible repression it's

591
00:29:57,640 --> 00:30:00,600
Speaker 1: very messy. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, they're yeah, they

592
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:05,600
Speaker 1: you know, they have their own you know, both versions

593
00:30:05,640 --> 00:30:09,480
Speaker 1: of like bastard episode of like the like the good

594
00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:12,240
Speaker 1: Christmas one that's like oh we or vianages, you know,

595
00:30:12,280 --> 00:30:15,080
Speaker 1: I'm saying, it's like, oh, that's actually great, you know, yeah,

596
00:30:15,240 --> 00:30:18,280
Speaker 1: and then there's then there's this and the Catholic Church

597
00:30:18,320 --> 00:30:20,280
Speaker 1: is so big because you can also you could obviously

598
00:30:20,360 --> 00:30:22,480
Speaker 1: we could do multiple episodes and we probably will at

599
00:30:22,480 --> 00:30:25,080
Speaker 1: some point about the massive and pervasive sexual abuse of

600
00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:27,760
Speaker 1: children that was enabled by the Catholic Church. We could

601
00:30:28,160 --> 00:30:31,280
Speaker 1: could and should also do a Christmas episode on the

602
00:30:31,320 --> 00:30:34,280
Speaker 1: significant number of priests and nuns in Latin America who

603
00:30:34,280 --> 00:30:37,560
Speaker 1: were like dogged and constant enemies of US imperialism and

604
00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:40,720
Speaker 1: writing extremism during like the period when the US was

605
00:30:40,760 --> 00:30:43,720
Speaker 1: doing most of its fucking around Latin America. All of

606
00:30:43,760 --> 00:30:46,480
Speaker 1: that's part of the church is history that like aup

607
00:30:46,560 --> 00:30:49,880
Speaker 1: of our hospital bids are actually Catholic, Like you know, yeah,

608
00:30:49,920 --> 00:30:53,800
Speaker 1: there's like weird mixed Yeah. I I'm not a person

609
00:30:53,840 --> 00:30:56,400
Speaker 1: who wants to like simplify all this. It's very messy

610
00:30:56,480 --> 00:31:00,680
Speaker 1: and this is a messy episode. Messy boy by this point,

611
00:31:00,720 --> 00:31:04,120
Speaker 1: when you've got these anarcho syndicalists organizing and like and

612
00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:06,160
Speaker 1: and in some cases carrying out not all of them,

613
00:31:06,200 --> 00:31:08,720
Speaker 1: but some of them carrying out terrorist attacks. And some

614
00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:10,560
Speaker 1: of those attacks are on shitty people, and some of

615
00:31:10,560 --> 00:31:12,320
Speaker 1: those attacks are on people who don't deserve it. Like,

616
00:31:12,360 --> 00:31:15,000
Speaker 1: It's very messy. And at the same period of time,

617
00:31:15,280 --> 00:31:18,400
Speaker 1: you've got Gabrielle de Nunzio in Italy occupying well, I guess,

618
00:31:18,440 --> 00:31:20,880
Speaker 1: in Yugoslavia occupying the city of Fume. And you've got

619
00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:23,920
Speaker 1: Mussolini in the early stages of forming his black Shirts

620
00:31:23,960 --> 00:31:26,560
Speaker 1: and sicking them on left wing newspapers. This is happening

621
00:31:26,560 --> 00:31:29,440
Speaker 1: contemporaneously to that. You're gonna to like, you're gonna have

622
00:31:29,480 --> 00:31:34,440
Speaker 1: to release with this one a vocabulary list. You've introduced

623
00:31:34,440 --> 00:31:37,080
Speaker 1: some new names, some new words. We talked about de

624
00:31:37,160 --> 00:31:39,280
Speaker 1: Nunzio and few and I'm not talking about him. I'm

625
00:31:39,320 --> 00:31:42,800
Speaker 1: talking about the different factions in Spain. Yeah, you said,

626
00:31:43,080 --> 00:31:47,320
Speaker 1: you said a Narco syndicalism. Yeah, anarco. So you know

627
00:31:47,320 --> 00:31:52,600
Speaker 1: what I'm saying, darn O claydo master this bug. Anarco cyndicalists.

628
00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:56,840
Speaker 1: The basic idea is that workers need workers who work

629
00:31:56,880 --> 00:31:59,800
Speaker 1: for like different factories or whatever, who work and farms

630
00:31:59,800 --> 00:32:03,120
Speaker 1: were and even need to form syndicates together to organize

631
00:32:03,160 --> 00:32:06,200
Speaker 1: kind of like unions, to organize and have syndicates that

632
00:32:06,280 --> 00:32:09,880
Speaker 1: work together against the state and against capital in order

633
00:32:09,920 --> 00:32:13,040
Speaker 1: to in some cases just gain better wages for workers,

634
00:32:13,040 --> 00:32:15,280
Speaker 1: in some cases in order to revolt against the system.

635
00:32:15,320 --> 00:32:18,200
Speaker 1: But like it's this idea that different or groups of

636
00:32:18,200 --> 00:32:20,680
Speaker 1: workers need to organize themselves and then work with other

637
00:32:20,800 --> 00:32:24,520
Speaker 1: organizations of workers rather than having bosses in a strict hierarchy.

638
00:32:24,680 --> 00:32:26,600
Speaker 1: And they totally need to sell drugs. That's why they

639
00:32:26,640 --> 00:32:32,600
Speaker 1: call a narcos. Yeah. The good thing about this period

640
00:32:32,680 --> 00:32:36,640
Speaker 1: is that drugs are all legal everywhere. Um So, by

641
00:32:36,640 --> 00:32:39,000
Speaker 1: this point, like I said, de Nunzio is occupying Fume

642
00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:41,400
Speaker 1: and Mussolini's in the early stages of like forming the

643
00:32:41,440 --> 00:32:44,840
Speaker 1: black Shirts. Fascism is getting started in Italy um and

644
00:32:44,880 --> 00:32:47,480
Speaker 1: in Spain, though anarchists are by far the largest and

645
00:32:47,520 --> 00:32:50,120
Speaker 1: best organized group of political radicals in the country, the

646
00:32:50,160 --> 00:32:52,640
Speaker 1: communists aren't really a big factor, and the right wing

647
00:32:52,680 --> 00:32:54,320
Speaker 1: isn't really a big factor. It's just kind of the

648
00:32:54,320 --> 00:32:56,560
Speaker 1: anarchist fighting the government. A lot of the time. And

649
00:32:56,760 --> 00:32:59,720
Speaker 1: the Catholic Church, you know, is kind of a lot

650
00:32:59,760 --> 00:33:02,120
Speaker 1: of their like supporters are kind of taking the part

651
00:33:02,120 --> 00:33:04,840
Speaker 1: of right wing organizing. But the car List wars kind

652
00:33:04,840 --> 00:33:07,480
Speaker 1: of drained them, so it's not a big deal there. Um.

653
00:33:07,520 --> 00:33:09,480
Speaker 1: And this is not really the case anywhere else that

654
00:33:09,520 --> 00:33:10,760
Speaker 1: you could think of it. It's part of why I

655
00:33:10,800 --> 00:33:14,080
Speaker 1: find Spain so interesting. Fascism, by contrast, had a much

656
00:33:14,160 --> 00:33:18,440
Speaker 1: slower time starting off in Spain. Portugal actually beat Spain

657
00:33:18,520 --> 00:33:21,520
Speaker 1: to the punch when it came to like having fascists, um.

658
00:33:21,680 --> 00:33:24,600
Speaker 1: And it was because a proto nationalist group called Nationalismo

659
00:33:24,720 --> 00:33:28,080
Speaker 1: Lusitano was formed in Lisbon in nineteen three and it

660
00:33:28,120 --> 00:33:31,800
Speaker 1: was directly inspired by Mussolini's Italian fascism. Now a number

661
00:33:31,840 --> 00:33:34,000
Speaker 1: of other Mussolini want to be sprang up in Europe.

662
00:33:34,080 --> 00:33:36,120
Speaker 1: During this period. You could even call Hitler at the

663
00:33:36,160 --> 00:33:37,760
Speaker 1: time of the Beer Hall Putch kind of like a

664
00:33:37,840 --> 00:33:41,480
Speaker 1: Mussolini imitator. Um. But the idea didn't really catch on

665
00:33:41,560 --> 00:33:45,360
Speaker 1: in Spain, not yet. Uh. Spanish intellectuals were however, watching

666
00:33:45,600 --> 00:33:48,480
Speaker 1: Vincent Italy, and one of them, a guy named Fua,

667
00:33:48,560 --> 00:33:51,280
Speaker 1: suggested that this new political system might just be the

668
00:33:51,360 --> 00:33:54,640
Speaker 1: thing to help rebuild Spain's failing empire. He wrote a

669
00:33:54,640 --> 00:33:57,560
Speaker 1: fascism as a social movement. It gave voice to a

670
00:33:57,640 --> 00:34:00,760
Speaker 1: vein of mysticism and idealism that ext to the concept

671
00:34:00,800 --> 00:34:03,560
Speaker 1: of the patria and it's full realization the concept of

672
00:34:03,560 --> 00:34:10,560
Speaker 1: the fatherland. H Coffee shop in Compton. Yeah, with some troubling. Yeah.

673
00:34:10,880 --> 00:34:14,520
Speaker 1: So the name of the game for FUA was National restoration.

674
00:34:14,960 --> 00:34:17,719
Speaker 1: But Mussolini's fun idea was popular outside of right wing

675
00:34:17,760 --> 00:34:20,400
Speaker 1: circles too. There was actually a left wing cattle and

676
00:34:20,520 --> 00:34:24,760
Speaker 1: separatist movement that found themselves drawn to Italian fascism, particularly

677
00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:28,640
Speaker 1: it's emphasis on militia based direct action. And they weren't fascists.

678
00:34:28,680 --> 00:34:32,480
Speaker 1: They didn't embrace, for example, Mussolini's doctrine of therapeutic violence,

679
00:34:32,520 --> 00:34:35,400
Speaker 1: you know, the cult of violence for violence's sake. Um.

680
00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:37,959
Speaker 1: They just liked, number one, the imagery of this non

681
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:40,600
Speaker 1: state group of armed people marching in order to take

682
00:34:40,600 --> 00:34:43,160
Speaker 1: power for themselves, and they wanted to do that. So,

683
00:34:43,200 --> 00:34:45,040
Speaker 1: like the left is when we talked about this in

684
00:34:45,080 --> 00:34:47,440
Speaker 1: our first episode, a lot of folks who are just

685
00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:50,799
Speaker 1: kind of hate the system play with both fascist and

686
00:34:50,840 --> 00:34:53,720
Speaker 1: anarchist and left and right wing ideas throughout this period

687
00:34:53,760 --> 00:34:56,759
Speaker 1: of time. Um. Also, I like that you brought up

688
00:34:56,800 --> 00:34:59,040
Speaker 1: Portugal because I feel like they always fly on it

689
00:34:59,080 --> 00:35:02,440
Speaker 1: a radar. They do. They just everybody just not noticing

690
00:35:02,480 --> 00:35:04,719
Speaker 1: they could just exist in the shadows. That was the

691
00:35:04,719 --> 00:35:07,000
Speaker 1: first in Africa, you know what I'm saying. So yeah,

692
00:35:07,239 --> 00:35:11,200
Speaker 1: like nobody like how talking about Portugal. And they're also

693
00:35:11,239 --> 00:35:14,160
Speaker 1: the case of a country that was incredibly powerful and

694
00:35:14,200 --> 00:35:16,839
Speaker 1: colonized a funckload of the world and then collapsed before

695
00:35:16,880 --> 00:35:19,200
Speaker 1: the rest of colonialism did. And you see the same

696
00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:22,040
Speaker 1: thing happened in Portugal where all these authoritarians start coming

697
00:35:22,040 --> 00:35:23,960
Speaker 1: into power because there's the sense of like, we need

698
00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:26,759
Speaker 1: a strong man and this is like intellectuals and Spain

699
00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:28,319
Speaker 1: will be like we have to or in Portugal will

700
00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:30,480
Speaker 1: be like, we can't have a republic for a while,

701
00:35:30,719 --> 00:35:33,200
Speaker 1: we have to have basically a dictator come in because

702
00:35:33,239 --> 00:35:35,520
Speaker 1: he needs to fix everything, Like we have all these problems,

703
00:35:35,560 --> 00:35:38,040
Speaker 1: we can't argue, we just need one visionary to come

704
00:35:38,920 --> 00:35:41,520
Speaker 1: And it's not quite fascism, but it's it has a

705
00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:44,560
Speaker 1: lot of elements of that, right, So, um, Robert, can

706
00:35:44,560 --> 00:35:46,919
Speaker 1: you hit ad Rick real quickly? You know what else

707
00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:57,400
Speaker 1: has elements of fascism? Sophie, no no capitalism aspects. Yeah,

708
00:35:57,640 --> 00:36:10,440
Speaker 1: here's we're back. We're back from sorry if by strong

709
00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:13,400
Speaker 1: man you mean a strong Sophie that keeps us in

710
00:36:14,040 --> 00:36:18,840
Speaker 1: placed in Yes, these ads have elements of fascism, but

711
00:36:18,880 --> 00:36:22,320
Speaker 1: it's a good fascism. It's a fast it's a fast

712
00:36:22,400 --> 00:36:29,240
Speaker 1: shit fashion fashion, fashionist word, which is fine. Fine, it's fine,

713
00:36:29,400 --> 00:36:35,279
Speaker 1: it's fine. And we because yeah, we appreciate our podcast dictators,

714
00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:40,160
Speaker 1: sofi our podcast trus with an iron fist. Uh. It

715
00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:44,239
Speaker 1: does operate a system of political re education camps, but

716
00:36:44,680 --> 00:36:48,319
Speaker 1: that is a story for another episode. So in late nine,

717
00:36:49,280 --> 00:36:53,319
Speaker 1: Spain gained its first real fascist party, the Tresistas. They

718
00:36:53,360 --> 00:36:55,440
Speaker 1: wore a blue uniform because blue is the color of

719
00:36:55,480 --> 00:36:58,200
Speaker 1: the working class for the right wing, red as the

720
00:36:58,200 --> 00:37:00,719
Speaker 1: colors the working class for the left wing. Like, I know,

721
00:37:00,880 --> 00:37:04,200
Speaker 1: I know, it's yeah. Uh and we got it backwards here,

722
00:37:04,239 --> 00:37:07,680
Speaker 1: which is weird, right. Um. Yeah, there were a blue

723
00:37:07,719 --> 00:37:09,960
Speaker 1: uniform and they hope to spread throughout the country, but

724
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:12,600
Speaker 1: the organization fizzled. There just wasn't any real interest in

725
00:37:12,680 --> 00:37:16,560
Speaker 1: fascism in Spain in this period. Now, while political fascism

726
00:37:16,600 --> 00:37:19,520
Speaker 1: failed to gain meaningful purchase in Spain during this time,

727
00:37:19,719 --> 00:37:22,600
Speaker 1: fascist thought and inclinations were spreading among a lot of

728
00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:26,799
Speaker 1: influential Spanish thought leaders, and particularly within the military and

729
00:37:26,880 --> 00:37:29,600
Speaker 1: military officers. Much of this had to do with the

730
00:37:29,719 --> 00:37:32,319
Speaker 1: rise of the revolutionary left in the eighteen nineties, these

731
00:37:32,320 --> 00:37:35,040
Speaker 1: anarchists that I was talking about. In his landmark book

732
00:37:35,200 --> 00:37:38,880
Speaker 1: Fascism in Spain, scholar Stanley Pain notes that the military

733
00:37:38,920 --> 00:37:41,080
Speaker 1: resistance to the left had less to do with politics

734
00:37:41,080 --> 00:37:44,600
Speaker 1: than you might expect. Officers largely accepted moderate left wing

735
00:37:44,719 --> 00:37:47,240
Speaker 1: social and economic aims, and there was even a strong

736
00:37:47,280 --> 00:37:51,360
Speaker 1: strain of anti capitalist thought among Spanish military leaders. Despite this,

737
00:37:51,480 --> 00:37:56,280
Speaker 1: Pain rights army officers demanded suppression of the left, disorder, violence,

738
00:37:56,280 --> 00:38:02,280
Speaker 1: and subversion of national unity. Again, it's this the military's

739
00:38:02,280 --> 00:38:04,239
Speaker 1: being problem with the left is they're disordered right there,

740
00:38:04,239 --> 00:38:06,719
Speaker 1: trying to tear down this system, and we're we're doing

741
00:38:06,719 --> 00:38:08,400
Speaker 1: pretty well in this system. And it's the thing that

742
00:38:08,480 --> 00:38:13,520
Speaker 1: is always the case, right um. The military itself was

743
00:38:13,560 --> 00:38:16,400
Speaker 1: also heavily divided in this time, not along political lines,

744
00:38:16,440 --> 00:38:20,200
Speaker 1: but between bureaucratic officers on the peninsula itself and combat

745
00:38:20,280 --> 00:38:23,719
Speaker 1: officers who had spent time fighting in Spain's last colonial possession,

746
00:38:24,080 --> 00:38:27,800
Speaker 1: Northern Morocco. So Spain's most of its empires has collapsed

747
00:38:27,880 --> 00:38:30,480
Speaker 1: right now, but they have northern Morocco. And Spain had

748
00:38:30,480 --> 00:38:33,800
Speaker 1: gotten Morocco basically during the last stages of the scramble

749
00:38:33,840 --> 00:38:36,160
Speaker 1: for Africa, and it was it was given to them

750
00:38:36,160 --> 00:38:39,040
Speaker 1: by France and England, who you might notice don't have

751
00:38:39,120 --> 00:38:41,399
Speaker 1: the right to give Morocco to any but they did,

752
00:38:43,200 --> 00:38:45,760
Speaker 1: and it was due to like diplomatic support that Spain

753
00:38:45,840 --> 00:38:48,040
Speaker 1: gave them. Like it was literally like it was them

754
00:38:48,080 --> 00:38:50,279
Speaker 1: the way that like a normal person be like, hey man,

755
00:38:50,400 --> 00:38:52,960
Speaker 1: I'll help you move if you help me set up

756
00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:56,160
Speaker 1: my sound system this week. Like that's how Spain got Morocco.

757
00:38:56,320 --> 00:38:59,360
Speaker 1: It's very yeah, it's you know, it's it's a bullshit.

758
00:38:59,560 --> 00:39:05,040
Speaker 1: It's also a beautiful country, gorgeous yeah. Um. Now, so

759
00:39:05,239 --> 00:39:07,120
Speaker 1: they were given the right to occupy the land by

760
00:39:07,160 --> 00:39:09,200
Speaker 1: France and England in nineteen o six and exchange for

761
00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:12,000
Speaker 1: diplomatic support, and Spain's conquest of Morocco was kind of

762
00:39:12,040 --> 00:39:14,640
Speaker 1: like the first one night stand you have after a breakup.

763
00:39:14,960 --> 00:39:18,560
Speaker 1: They just had like a big you know, they needed

764
00:39:18,600 --> 00:39:21,880
Speaker 1: something to boost their confidence after losing to the United States.

765
00:39:22,400 --> 00:39:25,239
Speaker 1: Um and Spain turned out to be pretty bad at

766
00:39:25,239 --> 00:39:28,680
Speaker 1: conquering Morocco. Their control never amounted to much more than

767
00:39:28,719 --> 00:39:31,359
Speaker 1: a few towns, cities, and roads on the coast. Much

768
00:39:31,400 --> 00:39:34,160
Speaker 1: of the territory and its people refused to yield, and

769
00:39:34,200 --> 00:39:38,240
Speaker 1: in nineteen one, a charismatic Moroccan leader named Abdul Kareem

770
00:39:38,640 --> 00:39:40,960
Speaker 1: rose an army and launched what became known as the

771
00:39:41,040 --> 00:39:44,560
Speaker 1: Riffy Insurrection. For a time, it was the strongest rebellion

772
00:39:44,600 --> 00:39:47,920
Speaker 1: against colonialism anywhere in the Afro Asian world. Like, these

773
00:39:47,920 --> 00:39:51,480
Speaker 1: guys actually do great um for a while, you know,

774
00:39:52,200 --> 00:39:55,920
Speaker 1: uh Now, The war attracted ambitious young Spanish officers eager

775
00:39:55,960 --> 00:39:58,360
Speaker 1: to make a name for themselves. One of these guys

776
00:39:58,560 --> 00:40:00,960
Speaker 1: was a fellow named Francisco Franco, who rose to the

777
00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:05,200
Speaker 1: rank of colonel fighting the insurgents. Now, Francisco and a

778
00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:07,600
Speaker 1: lot of young officers were very frustrated by the corrupt

779
00:40:07,640 --> 00:40:10,120
Speaker 1: and bureaucratic nature of the military, which had not seen

780
00:40:10,160 --> 00:40:13,440
Speaker 1: a major reorganization or modernization in decades. It was a lot,

781
00:40:13,480 --> 00:40:15,319
Speaker 1: in a lot of ways like an Napoleonic army with

782
00:40:15,440 --> 00:40:17,600
Speaker 1: you know, somewhat better guns, which is why part of

783
00:40:17,600 --> 00:40:20,080
Speaker 1: the way they're getting their asses kicked now Franco and

784
00:40:20,120 --> 00:40:22,799
Speaker 1: a number of other officers formed military councils of like

785
00:40:22,920 --> 00:40:25,799
Speaker 1: minded officers and lobbied for reforms, and some of those

786
00:40:25,800 --> 00:40:28,680
Speaker 1: reforms were successful, but nothing they did was enough to

787
00:40:28,719 --> 00:40:32,359
Speaker 1: write the inertia. In early nineteen one, the Spanish army

788
00:40:32,440 --> 00:40:35,880
Speaker 1: launched an offensive into northern Morocco from the coastal territories

789
00:40:35,920 --> 00:40:38,520
Speaker 1: they held. Now, because the people in charge were idiots,

790
00:40:38,520 --> 00:40:41,520
Speaker 1: they didn't properly prepare lines of communication, and they almost

791
00:40:41,600 --> 00:40:45,480
Speaker 1: immediately advanced beyond their supply lines. No defensible forts were

792
00:40:45,560 --> 00:40:48,279
Speaker 1: left behind to secure supply routes or water, and on

793
00:40:48,360 --> 00:40:51,160
Speaker 1: July twenty, after five days of skirmish is, a force

794
00:40:51,200 --> 00:40:54,040
Speaker 1: of five thousand Spanish troops were attacked by three thousand

795
00:40:54,160 --> 00:40:56,799
Speaker 1: Riff fighters. This should have been an easy win for

796
00:40:56,960 --> 00:41:00,399
Speaker 1: European military, but the Spanish had poor organization and we're

797
00:41:00,400 --> 00:41:02,960
Speaker 1: basically out of AMMO because they'd outrun their supply lines.

798
00:41:03,360 --> 00:41:06,720
Speaker 1: So the riffs. The riff eat like overrun the Spanish

799
00:41:06,880 --> 00:41:11,000
Speaker 1: army and they advanced like several hundred miles, slaughtering Spanish soldiers,

800
00:41:11,040 --> 00:41:14,040
Speaker 1: taking over supply depots and positions as they go. The

801
00:41:14,080 --> 00:41:18,520
Speaker 1: Spanish army shatters entirely. They lose more than thirteen thousand

802
00:41:18,520 --> 00:41:20,680
Speaker 1: men wounded in a matter of days, and the Riffs

803
00:41:20,680 --> 00:41:24,680
Speaker 1: suffer around eight hundred casualties. This is like a like

804
00:41:24,760 --> 00:41:27,399
Speaker 1: one of the worst defeats suffered by any colonial power

805
00:41:27,440 --> 00:41:30,120
Speaker 1: in Africa. It is they get their assets handed to

806
00:41:32,280 --> 00:41:36,320
Speaker 1: mm hmm. The defeat was so extensive and so shameful

807
00:41:36,360 --> 00:41:39,000
Speaker 1: that the Spanish general committed suicide in the field and

808
00:41:39,040 --> 00:41:42,319
Speaker 1: his remains were never found. Um, like it is they

809
00:41:42,400 --> 00:41:46,520
Speaker 1: it is yeah, and the Riff. This whole instruction is

810
00:41:46,520 --> 00:41:48,920
Speaker 1: fascinating to read about because like these guys fucking have

811
00:41:49,000 --> 00:41:52,560
Speaker 1: it on lockdown, you know. Um, it is hard to

812
00:41:52,600 --> 00:41:55,320
Speaker 1: imagine how shattering this was to the people of Spain

813
00:41:55,360 --> 00:41:57,960
Speaker 1: and their image of themselves, and how much it disrupted

814
00:41:58,000 --> 00:42:01,279
Speaker 1: Spanish politics. The military it was, of course, enraged, and

815
00:42:01,280 --> 00:42:04,080
Speaker 1: even though the failures were entirely their own, they blame

816
00:42:04,160 --> 00:42:06,480
Speaker 1: their failures on the support of the civilian government. It's

817
00:42:06,520 --> 00:42:13,560
Speaker 1: y'all's fault. Yeah, well we're bad at war. Wrong with

818
00:42:13,680 --> 00:42:18,160
Speaker 1: my cheese? Mo? Yeah, well I didn't lose this war.

819
00:42:18,640 --> 00:42:20,480
Speaker 1: Yeah yeah. I mean you see it on the right

820
00:42:20,520 --> 00:42:22,160
Speaker 1: here where it's like it was the liberals and like

821
00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:24,239
Speaker 1: the left that lost us the wars and no, you

822
00:42:24,360 --> 00:42:27,520
Speaker 1: were we suck at this. We're at it. Look man,

823
00:42:27,640 --> 00:42:29,880
Speaker 1: take it on it shi, Okay, we're bad at it

824
00:42:29,920 --> 00:42:32,319
Speaker 1: and it's bad. It was you shouldn't have been at

825
00:42:32,360 --> 00:42:35,960
Speaker 1: the first place. Yeah, if we fucking stopped this ship

826
00:42:36,000 --> 00:42:38,600
Speaker 1: in like I don't know, nineteen forty five, we'd still

827
00:42:38,600 --> 00:42:40,480
Speaker 1: be like, you know, what we're good at is war.

828
00:42:40,840 --> 00:42:42,960
Speaker 1: Don't have to do it often, you're good at it

829
00:42:43,600 --> 00:42:51,920
Speaker 1: when we show uh now again. Yeah, it really fox

830
00:42:52,000 --> 00:42:55,040
Speaker 1: up a lot in Spain at this period of time. Um,

831
00:42:55,160 --> 00:42:58,040
Speaker 1: And obviously the Liberal government is also enraged, largely at

832
00:42:58,040 --> 00:43:00,920
Speaker 1: the cost in Spanish life and treasure in this colonial adventure.

833
00:43:00,920 --> 00:43:05,120
Speaker 1: And in early September nine, three Liberal ministers resign in

834
00:43:05,160 --> 00:43:07,640
Speaker 1: protests because the military draws up plans for a new

835
00:43:07,640 --> 00:43:10,520
Speaker 1: offensive and Morocco and they're like, come on, guys, like

836
00:43:10,640 --> 00:43:14,279
Speaker 1: you just got your asses kicked. This isn't terrible ideas.

837
00:43:14,480 --> 00:43:26,279
Speaker 1: Fellas can not take the message. It's bad. Bad catalysts

838
00:43:26,320 --> 00:43:28,120
Speaker 1: who didn't even really want to be part of Spain,

839
00:43:28,239 --> 00:43:30,920
Speaker 1: let alone send their sons to die and fucking Morocco.

840
00:43:31,040 --> 00:43:34,160
Speaker 1: For Spain held a huge rally in Barcelona where the

841
00:43:34,160 --> 00:43:38,040
Speaker 1: Spanish flag was dragged through the ground. This really pisses

842
00:43:38,080 --> 00:43:40,200
Speaker 1: off the military, and it pisses off a bunch of

843
00:43:40,239 --> 00:43:43,759
Speaker 1: senior generals, most prominently a career military man from a

844
00:43:43,800 --> 00:43:48,200
Speaker 1: career military family named Miguel Primo de Rivera, now as

845
00:43:48,239 --> 00:43:50,840
Speaker 1: the Captain General of Barcelona, the guy in charge of

846
00:43:50,840 --> 00:43:53,760
Speaker 1: the military in Barcelona. De Rivera was a desk officer,

847
00:43:53,880 --> 00:43:56,080
Speaker 1: not an African veteran, and that's kind of like the

848
00:43:56,800 --> 00:44:00,000
Speaker 1: break between the army. But he sides with the Africa

849
00:44:00,000 --> 00:44:02,480
Speaker 1: and veterans, and he sees this liberal government as having

850
00:44:02,520 --> 00:44:06,640
Speaker 1: failed his illustrious Spanish army. He also had seen Mussolini's

851
00:44:06,640 --> 00:44:08,800
Speaker 1: March on Rome in nineteen two, and while he is

852
00:44:08,840 --> 00:44:12,440
Speaker 1: not a fascist, he really likes Mussolini and the BArch

853
00:44:12,480 --> 00:44:14,919
Speaker 1: on Rome convinces him that with the army behind him,

854
00:44:15,040 --> 00:44:17,680
Speaker 1: he could force an into the parliamentary politics that he

855
00:44:17,840 --> 00:44:20,359
Speaker 1: that felt were holding the military back. And I'm gonna

856
00:44:20,400 --> 00:44:24,040
Speaker 1: quote now from a book called Fascism in Spain about

857
00:44:24,120 --> 00:44:27,120
Speaker 1: like this revolt that de Riveria leads. The revolt began

858
00:44:27,160 --> 00:44:30,840
Speaker 1: in Barcelona as a classic pronunca meento, I'm sorry spain

859
00:44:31,440 --> 00:44:34,040
Speaker 1: um with a local takeover in the Catalan capital by

860
00:44:34,040 --> 00:44:36,160
Speaker 1: its Captain General, who called upon the rest of the

861
00:44:36,239 --> 00:44:39,319
Speaker 1: army and other patriotic Spaniards to rally round. In fact,

862
00:44:39,440 --> 00:44:41,400
Speaker 1: also in the traditional style, all but one of the

863
00:44:41,440 --> 00:44:44,160
Speaker 1: other captains general at first sat on their fence. The

864
00:44:44,200 --> 00:44:48,239
Speaker 1: pronunca miento succeeded above all because the Liberal government did

865
00:44:48,280 --> 00:44:51,320
Speaker 1: almost nothing to defend itself. The issue was finally decided

866
00:44:51,360 --> 00:44:53,839
Speaker 1: two days later by the crown as Alfonso the Eight,

867
00:44:54,120 --> 00:44:57,799
Speaker 1: without invoking constitutional limits or procedures, transferred power to what

868
00:44:57,840 --> 00:45:01,320
Speaker 1: would become the first direct military dictator leadership in Spanish history.

869
00:45:01,640 --> 00:45:04,600
Speaker 1: Primo de Rivera gave no evidence of any explicit theory

870
00:45:04,719 --> 00:45:07,520
Speaker 1: or plan. His assumption of power was at first predicated

871
00:45:07,560 --> 00:45:10,759
Speaker 1: on a ninety day emergency military directory to deal with

872
00:45:10,800 --> 00:45:14,839
Speaker 1: such problems as attempted subversion, the stalemate, and Morocco administrative

873
00:45:14,840 --> 00:45:18,879
Speaker 1: corruption and political reform. In fact, his only professed ideology

874
00:45:19,080 --> 00:45:22,760
Speaker 1: was constitutional liberalism. He insisted that the Constitution of eighteen

875
00:45:22,760 --> 00:45:25,120
Speaker 1: seventy six remained the law of the land, and initially

876
00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:27,760
Speaker 1: denied that he was a dictator in any genuine sense,

877
00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:30,799
Speaker 1: insisting in his first public statement, no one can with

878
00:45:30,920 --> 00:45:34,840
Speaker 1: justice apply that term to me of course everyone since

879
00:45:34,840 --> 00:45:38,520
Speaker 1: has called him a dictator. Yeah, the years of Yeah,

880
00:45:38,880 --> 00:45:41,520
Speaker 1: what is it about? I have two questions about this,

881
00:45:41,640 --> 00:45:44,719
Speaker 1: Like I forget what figure? What what history? And I

882
00:45:44,800 --> 00:45:46,480
Speaker 1: heard to say it, but he was just talking about

883
00:45:46,520 --> 00:45:50,279
Speaker 1: like just generals, like they all kind of have this

884
00:45:50,360 --> 00:45:54,120
Speaker 1: like diva gene, like just just kind of Diva's you

885
00:45:54,120 --> 00:45:56,400
Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. Like it's kind of hard to

886
00:45:56,480 --> 00:45:59,520
Speaker 1: like what is that? So that's like my first thing.

887
00:46:00,160 --> 00:46:04,560
Speaker 1: It's very deep in in Western civilization particularly right, Like

888
00:46:04,640 --> 00:46:06,440
Speaker 1: you have to look back to Rome at this stuff.

889
00:46:06,480 --> 00:46:09,239
Speaker 1: So the way generals in Rome were treated. Number one,

890
00:46:09,360 --> 00:46:11,359
Speaker 1: if you were general in Rome and you had a

891
00:46:11,440 --> 00:46:14,400
Speaker 1: major military victory, the Senate would vote for you to

892
00:46:14,440 --> 00:46:16,759
Speaker 1: have what was called a triumph, which is where you

893
00:46:16,840 --> 00:46:19,320
Speaker 1: were all but in all but named king for a

894
00:46:19,440 --> 00:46:21,799
Speaker 1: day of Rome, and there was the whole city had

895
00:46:21,800 --> 00:46:24,440
Speaker 1: this huge party for you, and all of your trophies

896
00:46:24,440 --> 00:46:26,440
Speaker 1: of war were dragged through the streets and like because

897
00:46:26,840 --> 00:46:30,919
Speaker 1: you were so powerful and so like basically worshiped that day.

898
00:46:31,160 --> 00:46:33,880
Speaker 1: It was one guy's whole job to stand next to

899
00:46:33,880 --> 00:46:35,719
Speaker 1: you the whole time and throughout the day whisper to

900
00:46:35,760 --> 00:46:37,719
Speaker 1: you you will die at one point, like you're going

901
00:46:37,760 --> 00:46:40,080
Speaker 1: to die some day like that was like like that that,

902
00:46:40,239 --> 00:46:43,920
Speaker 1: like and Rome constantly had civil wars that were the

903
00:46:44,200 --> 00:46:46,840
Speaker 1: result of generals taking their armies and taking power. It

904
00:46:46,880 --> 00:46:50,360
Speaker 1: happened all of the fucking time. It's why you got Caesar,

905
00:46:50,400 --> 00:46:53,439
Speaker 1: It's why it stopped being a republic. You know. One

906
00:46:53,480 --> 00:46:56,200
Speaker 1: of the reasons why the United States military is organized

907
00:46:56,239 --> 00:46:58,800
Speaker 1: the way it is and why there's such if you

908
00:46:58,840 --> 00:47:00,080
Speaker 1: look at like some of the ship that you the

909
00:47:00,120 --> 00:47:02,120
Speaker 1: military was saying at the end of Trump's time, like

910
00:47:02,160 --> 00:47:04,279
Speaker 1: why they had so many statements about the military having

911
00:47:04,280 --> 00:47:06,960
Speaker 1: no role in the elections is because from the beginning,

912
00:47:07,120 --> 00:47:08,880
Speaker 1: the founders of this country were like, that's going to

913
00:47:08,960 --> 00:47:11,279
Speaker 1: be a problems. We're going to have a military. That's

914
00:47:11,280 --> 00:47:13,000
Speaker 1: gonna be And at first a lot of them were like,

915
00:47:13,040 --> 00:47:15,040
Speaker 1: we shouldn't have a military. Why would you, like it

916
00:47:15,080 --> 00:47:17,120
Speaker 1: always is a problem, Let's just have a bunch of militias,

917
00:47:17,600 --> 00:47:22,000
Speaker 1: you know, which there's something to be said for that, yeah, anyway,

918
00:47:21,719 --> 00:47:24,799
Speaker 1: but yeah, yeah, they are diva's like, if you're going

919
00:47:24,880 --> 00:47:27,680
Speaker 1: to take the responsibility for the lives of tens of

920
00:47:27,719 --> 00:47:30,279
Speaker 1: thousands of men into your own personal control, you've got

921
00:47:30,280 --> 00:47:33,000
Speaker 1: to be a little bit of a diva. Yeah it

922
00:47:33,080 --> 00:47:38,120
Speaker 1: seemed like yeah, yeah, so obviously everyone today calls Primoti

923
00:47:38,200 --> 00:47:41,120
Speaker 1: Rivera a dictatorship. The years of his leadership are generally

924
00:47:41,160 --> 00:47:44,279
Speaker 1: known in Spanish history as la dictadura. Uh and this

925
00:47:44,400 --> 00:47:47,080
Speaker 1: was meant like his His coming to power was met

926
00:47:47,120 --> 00:47:49,640
Speaker 1: by a lot less resistance than you might guess. Spain

927
00:47:49,760 --> 00:47:53,200
Speaker 1: was exhausted by years of political bickering, foreign policy setbacks,

928
00:47:53,200 --> 00:47:57,320
Speaker 1: in economic frustration. Several years earlier, political theorists in Portugal

929
00:47:57,360 --> 00:47:59,800
Speaker 1: had talked about the need to bring in a temporary dictator,

930
00:47:59,840 --> 00:48:03,480
Speaker 1: what it called an iron surgeon, to solve intractable problems.

931
00:48:03,719 --> 00:48:05,560
Speaker 1: And Primo de Rivere was one of a lot of

932
00:48:05,560 --> 00:48:07,839
Speaker 1: strongmen who came to power throughout Europe in this period

933
00:48:07,840 --> 00:48:11,399
Speaker 1: who weren't fascists, although they often admired fascist and took

934
00:48:11,440 --> 00:48:14,759
Speaker 1: some ideas from them. Um. But de Rivera doesn't really

935
00:48:14,760 --> 00:48:17,160
Speaker 1: have an ideology. He's just wants to like fix things

936
00:48:17,160 --> 00:48:19,279
Speaker 1: and figures is enough of a narcissist that he's like,

937
00:48:19,320 --> 00:48:21,719
Speaker 1: I know how to do this. Um. And while de

938
00:48:21,880 --> 00:48:24,880
Speaker 1: Rivera wasn't a fascist, his brief reign would help further

939
00:48:24,960 --> 00:48:28,279
Speaker 1: lay the groundwork for fascism in Spain. And the war

940
00:48:28,360 --> 00:48:30,719
Speaker 1: that he brought to Morocco was in many ways a

941
00:48:30,760 --> 00:48:34,040
Speaker 1: prelude of fascist wars of extermination to come, only it

942
00:48:34,080 --> 00:48:36,800
Speaker 1: was waged with the help of his allies, the French.

943
00:48:37,680 --> 00:48:42,680
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, after the Spanish army broke an annual which

944
00:48:42,719 --> 00:48:45,600
Speaker 1: is that big battle where they lose thirteen thousand dudes.

945
00:48:46,560 --> 00:48:49,360
Speaker 1: The Abdel Kareem, who was the guy in charge of

946
00:48:49,400 --> 00:48:52,480
Speaker 1: the reef Um and his his his like, I don't

947
00:48:52,480 --> 00:48:53,560
Speaker 1: know what you want to call them, I'll call them

948
00:48:53,560 --> 00:48:58,279
Speaker 1: revolutionaries established a republic. Now. France, who just fought a

949
00:48:58,280 --> 00:49:01,960
Speaker 1: whole war, you know, World War One was the right

950
00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:05,680
Speaker 1: of national self determination and who were a republic themselves,

951
00:49:05,920 --> 00:49:07,960
Speaker 1: did not like that Abdel Creem and his riff had

952
00:49:08,040 --> 00:49:11,120
Speaker 1: established a republican Morocco because they're afraid they own a

953
00:49:11,160 --> 00:49:14,200
Speaker 1: bunch of Africa. They own a bunch of Africa near Morocco.

954
00:49:15,160 --> 00:49:17,239
Speaker 1: People are going to hear that there's a republic that

955
00:49:17,360 --> 00:49:21,239
Speaker 1: isn't run by Europe and they're gonna they're they're not

956
00:49:21,239 --> 00:49:24,479
Speaker 1: gonna want to have us in charge anymore. Like wait,

957
00:49:24,920 --> 00:49:31,360
Speaker 1: option yeah, option yeah, yeah, we can't have a democracy

958
00:49:31,440 --> 00:49:35,720
Speaker 1: and not you. Yeah kind of like that, Yeah, France

959
00:49:35,800 --> 00:49:38,839
Speaker 1: is like, No, that's not that's not gonna happen. Not

960
00:49:38,360 --> 00:49:41,480
Speaker 1: an option, Not an option. So they decided to enter

961
00:49:41,520 --> 00:49:44,240
Speaker 1: the war against the Riff on Spain's side to crush

962
00:49:44,239 --> 00:49:47,760
Speaker 1: the rebels. In nineteen twenty five, France and de Rivera's

963
00:49:47,800 --> 00:49:51,120
Speaker 1: reformed Spanish army begin a counter offensive against the Riff.

964
00:49:51,320 --> 00:49:53,600
Speaker 1: Now leading things on the French side was a fello

965
00:49:53,719 --> 00:49:56,799
Speaker 1: named Marshall Patain, hero of the Battle of verdund during

966
00:49:56,840 --> 00:49:59,040
Speaker 1: World War One and the guy who would become the

967
00:49:59,120 --> 00:50:01,360
Speaker 1: leader of v Ants during World War Two. He's the

968
00:50:01,360 --> 00:50:04,719
Speaker 1: guy who collaborates with the Nazis. Um now, but tell

969
00:50:04,719 --> 00:50:06,319
Speaker 1: you at this point, yeah, I know, he's a real

970
00:50:06,320 --> 00:50:10,040
Speaker 1: piece of Shitmpkins didn't kill this guy. He's a He's

971
00:50:10,040 --> 00:50:12,000
Speaker 1: a war hero at this point too, though, because he

972
00:50:12,000 --> 00:50:14,799
Speaker 1: he led France through the battle. Ever, Dunn is, if

973
00:50:14,800 --> 00:50:18,040
Speaker 1: you're making a shortlist of the very worst battles in

974
00:50:18,080 --> 00:50:20,840
Speaker 1: the entire history of human warfare, for Done might be

975
00:50:20,920 --> 00:50:23,279
Speaker 1: number one. You know, Stred. There's a couple of other like,

976
00:50:23,920 --> 00:50:26,240
Speaker 1: but it's it is, it's in, it's in the running.

977
00:50:26,320 --> 00:50:29,000
Speaker 1: You know, it's horrible, Like a million people die, It's

978
00:50:29,000 --> 00:50:31,960
Speaker 1: a terrible, terrible battle. So he's a big war hero,

979
00:50:32,120 --> 00:50:34,000
Speaker 1: and when he decides he wants to go to Morocco,

980
00:50:34,320 --> 00:50:36,319
Speaker 1: the French government is going to give him everything he

981
00:50:36,360 --> 00:50:38,360
Speaker 1: asks for. So he puts together a force of a

982
00:50:38,440 --> 00:50:42,000
Speaker 1: hundred and fifty thousand men to face Abdel Kareem's tribesmen,

983
00:50:42,200 --> 00:50:44,839
Speaker 1: who were very well organized and good fighters, but they

984
00:50:44,920 --> 00:50:48,480
Speaker 1: numbered just twenty thousand. The offensive started with one of

985
00:50:48,480 --> 00:50:52,719
Speaker 1: the first Yeah, amphibious landings. Yeah, there's no like Gandalf

986
00:50:52,760 --> 00:50:56,440
Speaker 1: showing up and helping. No, we don't, we don't. We

987
00:50:56,480 --> 00:50:58,759
Speaker 1: don't get a Gandolf in this story. So you are

988
00:50:58,880 --> 00:51:01,480
Speaker 1: outgunned and out man. Yeah, you guys are just like

989
00:51:01,520 --> 00:51:05,080
Speaker 1: you're fucked. It's it's a bummer, um. And this amphibious

990
00:51:05,160 --> 00:51:09,120
Speaker 1: landing is started spearheaded by young colonel named Francisco Franco,

991
00:51:09,200 --> 00:51:12,360
Speaker 1: who led the soldiers of the Spanish Foreign Legion into battle.

992
00:51:12,880 --> 00:51:16,560
Speaker 1: Now you have seen the Spanish Foreign Legion. Um. Everyone

993
00:51:16,600 --> 00:51:18,640
Speaker 1: in America pretty much did, because at the start of

994
00:51:18,640 --> 00:51:21,680
Speaker 1: the coronavirus lockdown, when Spain had a lockdown and brought

995
00:51:21,719 --> 00:51:23,880
Speaker 1: in the military to help, there were pictures of a

996
00:51:23,920 --> 00:51:27,400
Speaker 1: bunch of very jacked and very handsome Spanish soldiers and

997
00:51:27,480 --> 00:51:30,960
Speaker 1: incredibly tight fitting uniforms marching down the streets of Barcelona,

998
00:51:31,360 --> 00:51:33,319
Speaker 1: and a bunch of US liberals were like, oh my god,

999
00:51:33,360 --> 00:51:35,480
Speaker 1: they're so hot. Why can't we have those soldiers here.

1000
00:51:35,800 --> 00:51:38,239
Speaker 1: I'm gonna tell you the backstory of those soldiers because

1001
00:51:38,239 --> 00:51:40,520
Speaker 1: those were the men of the Spanish Foreign Legion, and

1002
00:51:40,600 --> 00:51:45,040
Speaker 1: it's not a great back story. So it was crazy.

1003
00:51:45,200 --> 00:51:50,120
Speaker 1: It was crazy about like the geography right now, I

1004
00:51:50,160 --> 00:51:52,200
Speaker 1: don't notice backstory that you're about to say, but I'm

1005
00:51:52,239 --> 00:51:54,960
Speaker 1: just picture in the geography because off of Costa del

1006
00:51:55,040 --> 00:51:59,080
Speaker 1: Soul at the edge of of the edge of Spain

1007
00:51:59,440 --> 00:52:03,480
Speaker 1: to the put Tangiers in Morocco, it's just the Mereditraneans.

1008
00:52:03,680 --> 00:52:07,160
Speaker 1: It's a ninety minute boat ride. Yeah, it's it's not far.

1009
00:52:07,480 --> 00:52:10,439
Speaker 1: It's almost like you could sit in Morocco and watch him, like, yeah,

1010
00:52:10,480 --> 00:52:14,280
Speaker 1: you come to Spanish. You can get to Spain, Spain

1011
00:52:14,400 --> 00:52:16,320
Speaker 1: to Africa in the time you would get a quarter

1012
00:52:16,400 --> 00:52:18,920
Speaker 1: of the way across Texas, right, Like it's nothing, it

1013
00:52:19,440 --> 00:52:23,160
Speaker 1: really is. Yeah, do they know who designed the uniforms?

1014
00:52:24,120 --> 00:52:26,319
Speaker 1: We're going to talk about white uniforms. Look the way

1015
00:52:26,320 --> 00:52:31,360
Speaker 1: they do. Yeah. So the Spanish Foreign Legion were founded Sophie,

1016
00:52:32,200 --> 00:52:35,840
Speaker 1: he's not a pointy motherfucker. No, No, they're hot. They're hot.

1017
00:52:35,880 --> 00:52:40,279
Speaker 1: They're hot. They're they're uniforms, they're like a nice they

1018
00:52:40,280 --> 00:52:44,840
Speaker 1: are they are, but they are, they are hot. Nobody's

1019
00:52:45,000 --> 00:52:49,920
Speaker 1: arguing that they're not hot subjectively way too tight. Yeah, no,

1020
00:52:49,920 --> 00:52:53,040
Speaker 1: one is arguing that they're not good looking. Man, We're

1021
00:52:53,080 --> 00:52:56,919
Speaker 1: not going to disagree about this, but problematic, So they're found.

1022
00:52:57,000 --> 00:52:59,640
Speaker 1: The Spanish Foreign Legion was founded in nineteen nineteen and

1023
00:52:59,680 --> 00:53:02,279
Speaker 1: member cree of the French Foreign Legion, since Spain was

1024
00:53:02,320 --> 00:53:05,239
Speaker 1: also mimicking French ambitions in North Africa at this point.

1025
00:53:05,520 --> 00:53:08,080
Speaker 1: The founder of the Legion was a guy named Milan Astray,

1026
00:53:08,320 --> 00:53:10,840
Speaker 1: a veteran of Spain's brutal war in the Philippines and

1027
00:53:10,880 --> 00:53:13,280
Speaker 1: of the fighting in Morocco, and he wanted to create

1028
00:53:13,360 --> 00:53:15,960
Speaker 1: a colonial army for Spain that they could use to

1029
00:53:16,000 --> 00:53:19,640
Speaker 1: regain some of their lost glory. He created an interlocking

1030
00:53:19,719 --> 00:53:23,040
Speaker 1: series as he founded, like when he founded the Foreign Legion,

1031
00:53:23,760 --> 00:53:25,680
Speaker 1: he wanted them to be brutal, because if you're going

1032
00:53:25,719 --> 00:53:28,160
Speaker 1: to keep a colonial possession, you have to murder a

1033
00:53:28,160 --> 00:53:30,719
Speaker 1: lot of people, right, That's how colonial ism, where you

1034
00:53:30,760 --> 00:53:33,160
Speaker 1: have to kill a lot of people, and so your

1035
00:53:33,160 --> 00:53:36,319
Speaker 1: soldiers have to be soulless, broken men in order to

1036
00:53:36,440 --> 00:53:39,560
Speaker 1: gun down the proper number of children to keep an empire. Um,

1037
00:53:39,840 --> 00:53:42,799
Speaker 1: these he wanted his shock troops. And yeah, I mean

1038
00:53:42,840 --> 00:53:47,840
Speaker 1: in fine as hell. Um she just sent that. Good God, God,

1039
00:53:48,080 --> 00:53:54,239
Speaker 1: I know, I know. Like the reaction is like the

1040
00:53:54,920 --> 00:53:58,680
Speaker 1: Spanish foreign Legion today look like characters in like, they

1041
00:53:58,680 --> 00:54:01,080
Speaker 1: look like characters in a pornoch GRapi. They don't look

1042
00:54:01,120 --> 00:54:04,120
Speaker 1: like soldiers. They look like fake soldiers from a sleazy

1043
00:54:04,160 --> 00:54:07,799
Speaker 1: porn es. Um. Yes, yeah, and they kind of did. Then,

1044
00:54:07,880 --> 00:54:11,000
Speaker 1: Solana Stray in order to make sure these guys are

1045
00:54:11,000 --> 00:54:14,000
Speaker 1: as brutal as possible, creates for them an interlocking series

1046
00:54:14,040 --> 00:54:16,879
Speaker 1: of hazing rituals with the goal of like shattering these

1047
00:54:16,880 --> 00:54:20,160
Speaker 1: men's souls. And he wants to explicitly is like, I

1048
00:54:20,200 --> 00:54:23,279
Speaker 1: want to separate these men from their past lives and

1049
00:54:23,400 --> 00:54:28,359
Speaker 1: unify them in quote brotherhood and death. Now, Milana STRAI

1050
00:54:28,520 --> 00:54:32,799
Speaker 1: was a big fan of the Bushido code of the Samurai. Yeah,

1051
00:54:32,840 --> 00:54:35,200
Speaker 1: I know, I know all of these fucking guys, and

1052
00:54:35,239 --> 00:54:39,200
Speaker 1: he cribs from Bushito um to write his own legionary creed.

1053
00:54:39,280 --> 00:54:43,359
Speaker 1: What's emphasized tireless duty, bodily hardness which is why they're

1054
00:54:43,400 --> 00:54:47,680
Speaker 1: all jacked, unconditional brotherhood, and fighting to the death. And

1055
00:54:47,719 --> 00:54:50,120
Speaker 1: I'm gonna quote from a write up and Prospect magazine

1056
00:54:50,160 --> 00:54:53,239
Speaker 1: on the Foreign Legion here. Many of these themes were

1057
00:54:53,280 --> 00:54:56,239
Speaker 1: common across fascist movements and the military's they influenced, but

1058
00:54:56,239 --> 00:54:59,320
Speaker 1: others were distinct to the Legion. Legionary swore to become

1059
00:54:59,600 --> 00:55:02,520
Speaker 1: bright grooms of death from the title of a popular

1060
00:55:02,600 --> 00:55:06,239
Speaker 1: song about a legionnaire's sacrifice in the reef, renouncing familial

1061
00:55:06,239 --> 00:55:09,440
Speaker 1: and romantic bonds and sublimating them into loyalty to each other,

1062
00:55:09,520 --> 00:55:12,960
Speaker 1: and the Legion's flag. You are married to death. Death

1063
00:55:13,040 --> 00:55:16,760
Speaker 1: is your wife. She's like, I'm married to the streets.

1064
00:55:17,320 --> 00:55:20,840
Speaker 1: You're not married to the game. You're married to death.

1065
00:55:21,280 --> 00:55:23,040
Speaker 1: So if you think these guys are a hot, I

1066
00:55:23,040 --> 00:55:26,560
Speaker 1: have bad news for you. They're fucking the Grim Reaper. Yeah,

1067
00:55:26,640 --> 00:55:30,319
Speaker 1: they're sorry. You don't. You don't attract him. You are

1068
00:55:30,640 --> 00:55:34,160
Speaker 1: to a laugh for me. That's not my type. Yeah. Um,

1069
00:55:34,440 --> 00:55:37,160
Speaker 1: so these these guys, the reason why they have these

1070
00:55:37,160 --> 00:55:42,080
Speaker 1: shirts with like really open weird necklines, Um, is that. Sorry,

1071
00:55:42,120 --> 00:55:46,480
Speaker 1: I'm gonna need you to rephrase that. What's about that,

1072
00:55:47,320 --> 00:55:52,480
Speaker 1: it's they're showing it off. They are showing it off.

1073
00:55:52,600 --> 00:55:55,360
Speaker 1: It's also meant to emphasize their willingness to fight in

1074
00:55:55,400 --> 00:55:58,600
Speaker 1: the hot desert air um and the green is from

1075
00:55:58,640 --> 00:56:04,360
Speaker 1: like the color it's like a camouflage. Yeah, this is

1076
00:56:04,400 --> 00:56:09,440
Speaker 1: what I wish was normal, Sophie. They are married to

1077
00:56:09,480 --> 00:56:12,359
Speaker 1: the concept of murdering children. I'm sorry, I mean, I'm

1078
00:56:12,400 --> 00:56:19,520
Speaker 1: not here for that, but right said, the pants are

1079
00:56:19,560 --> 00:56:25,120
Speaker 1: subjectively too tight. But like, go ahead, this is not functional.

1080
00:56:25,600 --> 00:56:30,800
Speaker 1: It's a nice pastel mint color. You know. No, today

1081
00:56:31,160 --> 00:56:35,000
Speaker 1: this uniform is like functional. Yea. Not you have to

1082
00:56:35,040 --> 00:56:38,719
Speaker 1: be married to death because nothing about this says you

1083
00:56:38,840 --> 00:56:42,480
Speaker 1: ready to survive, Like kind of like if the tin

1084
00:56:42,560 --> 00:56:45,760
Speaker 1: Man from The Wizard of Oz worked at Baskin Robbins

1085
00:56:45,760 --> 00:56:50,040
Speaker 1: and had to go do a porno shoot later. So

1086
00:56:50,440 --> 00:56:55,520
Speaker 1: Franco and Franco and his foreign legionment were the tip

1087
00:56:55,560 --> 00:56:57,880
Speaker 1: of the spear of the French and Spanish governments thrust

1088
00:56:57,880 --> 00:57:05,240
Speaker 1: into the heart of Morocco. Yeah, I know, I know, Sophie,

1089
00:57:05,280 --> 00:57:08,080
Speaker 1: but we're about to talk about genocide. Okay, okay, but

1090
00:57:08,239 --> 00:57:09,920
Speaker 1: you don't know what you just did that. You know

1091
00:57:10,000 --> 00:57:13,240
Speaker 1: what we need to take a break. The spear doesn't

1092
00:57:13,280 --> 00:57:17,760
Speaker 1: just mean did Alright, we're gonna go to ads. We're

1093
00:57:17,760 --> 00:57:19,880
Speaker 1: gonna go to ads, and then we're going to talk

1094
00:57:19,920 --> 00:57:30,120
Speaker 1: about a colonial genocide. Yes, alright, alright, we're back, and

1095
00:57:30,360 --> 00:57:33,760
Speaker 1: we are no longer talking about hot guys. We're talking

1096
00:57:33,800 --> 00:57:37,800
Speaker 1: about the genocide those hot guys helped commit. Well kind

1097
00:57:37,800 --> 00:57:41,440
Speaker 1: of brought it up like that. You know what you're doing, bro,

1098
00:57:41,800 --> 00:57:45,480
Speaker 1: I don't. I'm trying to emphasize that sometimes things that

1099
00:57:45,560 --> 00:57:50,720
Speaker 1: look nice are also fashy as hell, and sometimes sometimes

1100
00:57:50,720 --> 00:57:52,840
Speaker 1: the good looks will stick it to you. So the

1101
00:57:52,960 --> 00:57:59,680
Speaker 1: overwhelming force, well, overwhelming force, No, that's anyway. Yeah, they

1102
00:57:59,760 --> 00:58:05,480
Speaker 1: just rust their Okay, goddamn, okay, Okay, I know I'm

1103
00:58:05,520 --> 00:58:08,200
Speaker 1: trying to talk about the use of chemical war weapons

1104
00:58:08,280 --> 00:58:12,160
Speaker 1: upon civilians. But I've never wished Jamie Loftus was here more.

1105
00:58:13,120 --> 00:58:21,680
Speaker 1: I am very glad she completely She's a professional at this, Chris,

1106
00:58:24,680 --> 00:58:27,840
Speaker 1: the French in the Spanish have so many soldiers in

1107
00:58:27,960 --> 00:58:31,040
Speaker 1: so much high grade military hardware that there is no

1108
00:58:31,160 --> 00:58:34,480
Speaker 1: chance the Riff are going to actually win. Victory was

1109
00:58:34,520 --> 00:58:36,880
Speaker 1: only a matter of time. But de Rivera and Marshall

1110
00:58:36,880 --> 00:58:39,480
Speaker 1: Pataine were not willing to wait, and so they started

1111
00:58:39,560 --> 00:58:42,320
Speaker 1: using chemical weapons to slaughter tribes people in mass and

1112
00:58:42,360 --> 00:58:44,960
Speaker 1: they're not using them on military forces. They first started

1113
00:58:44,960 --> 00:58:49,280
Speaker 1: bombarding the city of Tangier with fos gene gas, which

1114
00:58:49,320 --> 00:58:52,040
Speaker 1: is a deadly chemical weapon. It's what they used in

1115
00:58:52,080 --> 00:58:54,040
Speaker 1: the trenches. It chokes people to death on their own,

1116
00:58:54,120 --> 00:58:58,160
Speaker 1: rotting lungs um. It's horrific stuff. The Spanish army began

1117
00:58:58,200 --> 00:59:00,880
Speaker 1: pounding the outskirts of the town uh and as soon

1118
00:59:00,920 --> 00:59:03,960
Speaker 1: as Spanish forces started gassing tribespeople, other commanders in the

1119
00:59:04,000 --> 00:59:06,520
Speaker 1: country begged to be able to do the same. One

1120
00:59:06,560 --> 00:59:09,320
Speaker 1: Spanish general wrote of his desire to use them, them

1121
00:59:09,360 --> 00:59:12,600
Speaker 1: being chemical weapons with delight. This was all very good

1122
00:59:12,600 --> 00:59:16,160
Speaker 1: for France, who profited not just from stability in Northern Africa,

1123
00:59:16,400 --> 00:59:19,080
Speaker 1: but because they were willing they were selling Spain the gas.

1124
00:59:19,120 --> 00:59:22,120
Speaker 1: They also profited financially. I'm gonna quote from an article

1125
00:59:22,120 --> 00:59:24,840
Speaker 1: on the website r S twenty one here. It was

1126
00:59:24,880 --> 00:59:27,800
Speaker 1: in fact a French business Schneider, which in nineteen twenty

1127
00:59:27,800 --> 00:59:29,560
Speaker 1: two helped to open a plant for the production of

1128
00:59:29,600 --> 00:59:33,040
Speaker 1: toxic shells in Malila, and indeed the French made an

1129
00:59:33,040 --> 00:59:36,680
Speaker 1: official request. One French General leot Lee made an official

1130
00:59:36,680 --> 00:59:39,560
Speaker 1: request to his supervisors for provisions of chemical weapons in

1131
00:59:39,640 --> 00:59:43,520
Speaker 1: June ninet, justifying that the use of these munitions with

1132
00:59:43,560 --> 00:59:46,480
Speaker 1: their toxic power, allows us to spare human lives during

1133
00:59:46,520 --> 00:59:49,160
Speaker 1: our attacks. In face of these bombs dropped in the

1134
00:59:49,200 --> 00:59:52,520
Speaker 1: most populated regions of the territories controlled by Abdel Cream,

1135
00:59:52,760 --> 00:59:56,000
Speaker 1: the Riffians tried to fight back with non explosive projectiles

1136
00:59:56,160 --> 00:59:58,680
Speaker 1: as well as making shells charged with pepper power, with

1137
00:59:58,720 --> 01:00:01,160
Speaker 1: little success. Right up to the end of the Riff War,

1138
01:00:01,280 --> 01:00:03,960
Speaker 1: the Spanish army would continue to use these lethal gases

1139
01:00:03,960 --> 01:00:06,480
Speaker 1: with the support of the French forces with martial Pataine

1140
01:00:06,520 --> 01:00:10,560
Speaker 1: at their head. In Morocco, so spare human life, they

1141
01:00:10,560 --> 01:00:14,200
Speaker 1: attacked civilian targets with chemical weapons. They're like, so, look

1142
01:00:14,320 --> 01:00:18,680
Speaker 1: hear me out. I didn't shoot him, I gassed him

1143
01:00:18,720 --> 01:00:22,040
Speaker 1: and his family. He just he died from the air. Yeah,

1144
01:00:22,040 --> 01:00:24,160
Speaker 1: it's some real We had to destroy the village to

1145
01:00:24,240 --> 01:00:28,520
Speaker 1: save it. Vibes yea. So victory and Morocco started the

1146
01:00:28,560 --> 01:00:31,640
Speaker 1: dictator's time and power off. We're talking about de Rivera here.

1147
01:00:31,680 --> 01:00:35,000
Speaker 1: With widespread popular support, he created a political party, the

1148
01:00:35,120 --> 01:00:39,480
Speaker 1: up the Patriotic Union, whose motto was monarchy, fatherland, and religion.

1149
01:00:39,800 --> 01:00:42,280
Speaker 1: His mouthpieces at the UP declared that the De Riveri

1150
01:00:42,320 --> 01:00:45,080
Speaker 1: dictatorship was only a transitional thing, and that the military

1151
01:00:45,120 --> 01:00:49,000
Speaker 1: dictatorship would eventually be replaced with a civil dictatorship. So

1152
01:00:49,240 --> 01:00:52,320
Speaker 1: just military dictatorship, just temporary. We got a civil dictator

1153
01:00:52,360 --> 01:00:54,600
Speaker 1: It's gonna be fine. It's great to be a good,

1154
01:00:54,960 --> 01:01:01,520
Speaker 1: totally reasonable kind of dictatorships. It's cool, it's cool. Yeah. Yeah,

1155
01:01:01,560 --> 01:01:05,040
Speaker 1: Now this would be difficult. Yeah. So the Patriotic Union

1156
01:01:05,080 --> 01:01:08,640
Speaker 1: or the UP, was mostly composed of middle class, conservative

1157
01:01:08,680 --> 01:01:12,320
Speaker 1: Catholic Spaniards, and historian Stanley Pain notes that in some

1158
01:01:12,400 --> 01:01:15,600
Speaker 1: provinces sectors of the old political elite did join and dominate,

1159
01:01:15,640 --> 01:01:18,960
Speaker 1: but the organization also incorporated ordinary middle class people who

1160
01:01:18,960 --> 01:01:22,080
Speaker 1: had not previously been politically active. So, in spite of

1161
01:01:22,120 --> 01:01:25,920
Speaker 1: the fact that electoral politics didn't exist during De Riverious dictatorship,

1162
01:01:26,160 --> 01:01:28,480
Speaker 1: it served a purpose of rallying and in some ways

1163
01:01:28,520 --> 01:01:32,280
Speaker 1: activating the middle class as a political entity. The up's

1164
01:01:32,400 --> 01:01:35,320
Speaker 1: goal was to ensure some form of right wing dictatorship

1165
01:01:35,360 --> 01:01:38,440
Speaker 1: remained the permanent government of Spain, and much of their

1166
01:01:38,440 --> 01:01:41,240
Speaker 1: support came from their victory in Morocco and their success

1167
01:01:41,280 --> 01:01:44,560
Speaker 1: in for the first time, igniting widespread nationalism among the

1168
01:01:44,560 --> 01:01:48,480
Speaker 1: Spanish population. The UP held the country's first mass rallies,

1169
01:01:48,520 --> 01:01:51,480
Speaker 1: and for a while De Rivera and his party were popular,

1170
01:01:52,000 --> 01:01:54,960
Speaker 1: but by nineteen twenty nine, the worldwide economic crash had

1171
01:01:54,960 --> 01:01:57,880
Speaker 1: started to hit Spain as well. The wealthy financiers who

1172
01:01:58,000 --> 01:02:00,400
Speaker 1: backed his regime started to sour on him and some

1173
01:02:00,480 --> 01:02:03,680
Speaker 1: of his interventionalist economic policies. At the same time, De

1174
01:02:03,840 --> 01:02:06,760
Speaker 1: Rivera faced growing resistance from students, who were a political

1175
01:02:06,800 --> 01:02:08,800
Speaker 1: factor for the first time in Spain due to the

1176
01:02:08,840 --> 01:02:12,200
Speaker 1: fact that the dictatorship had reformed the education system. In

1177
01:02:12,280 --> 01:02:15,080
Speaker 1: his last year's in power, Rivera sought to stay dictator

1178
01:02:15,080 --> 01:02:16,600
Speaker 1: by taking a leaf from the book of a man

1179
01:02:16,680 --> 01:02:19,440
Speaker 1: he idolized, Benito Mussolini. And this is the first time

1180
01:02:19,520 --> 01:02:22,840
Speaker 1: de Rivera actually kind of goes fascist. I'm gonna quote

1181
01:02:22,840 --> 01:02:26,920
Speaker 1: from the history of Spanish fascism here. Italian diplomatic correspondence

1182
01:02:26,960 --> 01:02:29,160
Speaker 1: from Madrid in the final days of nineteen twenty nine

1183
01:02:29,400 --> 01:02:31,760
Speaker 1: reported that Primo de Rivera was indicating that he would

1184
01:02:31,840 --> 01:02:35,040
Speaker 1: soon begin a fundamental reorganization of the UP along the

1185
01:02:35,080 --> 01:02:38,640
Speaker 1: lines of the Fascist Party. This reorganization never got started

1186
01:02:38,760 --> 01:02:41,400
Speaker 1: as Javier to Sell and Ismael Sas have written with

1187
01:02:41,440 --> 01:02:44,280
Speaker 1: the Spanish dictator felt for Mussolini was considerably more than

1188
01:02:44,280 --> 01:02:48,920
Speaker 1: platonic admiration. He was pathetically incapable of transferring Italian institutions

1189
01:02:48,920 --> 01:02:51,640
Speaker 1: to Spain and was often infantile in his effusive expressions

1190
01:02:51,640 --> 01:02:54,640
Speaker 1: to Mussolini. So he wants to be a fascist by

1191
01:02:54,640 --> 01:02:57,600
Speaker 1: this point, and he's like, he's kind of simping on

1192
01:02:57,600 --> 01:03:02,440
Speaker 1: on Mussolini. He being, yeah, just like you're so good.

1193
01:03:02,680 --> 01:03:04,479
Speaker 1: I just want to do what you do. Why can't

1194
01:03:04,480 --> 01:03:07,439
Speaker 1: I be as cool as you? Um, It's it's kind

1195
01:03:07,440 --> 01:03:10,720
Speaker 1: of sad. He's an old man too at this point.

1196
01:03:10,720 --> 01:03:14,320
Speaker 1: He's not doing great. Um, it is very weird. He's

1197
01:03:14,320 --> 01:03:17,440
Speaker 1: a Mussolini stand hardcore, but he just doesn't have what

1198
01:03:17,520 --> 01:03:19,680
Speaker 1: it takes to be a fascist dictator. He just he's

1199
01:03:19,720 --> 01:03:22,240
Speaker 1: only a normal dictator. You know, you hate to see it.

1200
01:03:23,280 --> 01:03:26,480
Speaker 1: In January of nineteen thirty, this dictator was ship canned

1201
01:03:26,480 --> 01:03:28,479
Speaker 1: by his king, who followed him out the door about

1202
01:03:28,480 --> 01:03:30,720
Speaker 1: a year or so later. Because popular support for the

1203
01:03:30,760 --> 01:03:33,880
Speaker 1: monarchy collapsed as a result of the dictatorship, for a

1204
01:03:33,880 --> 01:03:37,480
Speaker 1: brief awkward period, Spain lacked any kind of legitimate government.

1205
01:03:37,640 --> 01:03:40,320
Speaker 1: It's king in Parliament were gone. A short succession of

1206
01:03:40,320 --> 01:03:43,160
Speaker 1: strong men held powers that national political elite struggled to

1207
01:03:43,200 --> 01:03:46,680
Speaker 1: cobble together some kind of functional government. The whole experience

1208
01:03:46,720 --> 01:03:50,480
Speaker 1: further radicalized the middle class, this time activating large numbers

1209
01:03:50,480 --> 01:03:53,200
Speaker 1: of Spanish liberals who advocated in the streets for a

1210
01:03:53,240 --> 01:03:58,320
Speaker 1: republican government. In nineteen thirty one, the Spanish Republic was born. Now,

1211
01:03:58,360 --> 01:04:00,680
Speaker 1: this did not thrill a lot of people, like it

1212
01:04:00,760 --> 01:04:03,200
Speaker 1: throw people a lot of people, but it also kind

1213
01:04:03,200 --> 01:04:05,680
Speaker 1: of piste off a lot of people, particularly young military

1214
01:04:05,720 --> 01:04:09,760
Speaker 1: officers who had supported the dictatorship. Um Francisco Franco was

1215
01:04:09,840 --> 01:04:12,520
Speaker 1: one of these frustrated men. He'd been a close student

1216
01:04:12,560 --> 01:04:15,200
Speaker 1: of Primo de Rivera and had liked his unofficial title

1217
01:04:15,280 --> 01:04:20,760
Speaker 1: of national boss, like hefe nacionalism, yeah, that's yeah, yeah,

1218
01:04:20,800 --> 01:04:23,600
Speaker 1: hefe nacionale is kind of what they and he was like,

1219
01:04:23,640 --> 01:04:28,480
Speaker 1: I like that idea, I like me and everybody's boss. Yeah.

1220
01:04:28,560 --> 01:04:31,240
Speaker 1: The years of dictatorship proved to Franco that a strong

1221
01:04:31,360 --> 01:04:34,920
Speaker 1: man could unify Spain, bring law and order in military victory.

1222
01:04:35,280 --> 01:04:37,960
Speaker 1: The only error that de Rivera had made in Franco's

1223
01:04:37,960 --> 01:04:39,920
Speaker 1: mind was that he didn't have any kind of ideology.

1224
01:04:40,080 --> 01:04:42,400
Speaker 1: Franco didn't really believe in anything other than like, I'm

1225
01:04:42,440 --> 01:04:44,960
Speaker 1: the guy who can fix Spain. And when you don't

1226
01:04:45,000 --> 01:04:49,160
Speaker 1: have that concerted kind of ideology, you can't hold together

1227
01:04:49,240 --> 01:04:52,080
Speaker 1: a dictatorship very long unless you're willing to be brutal

1228
01:04:52,360 --> 01:04:55,200
Speaker 1: and promote. You know, he was not a great guy,

1229
01:04:55,400 --> 01:04:58,040
Speaker 1: very brutal in Morocco, but was not willing to be

1230
01:04:58,080 --> 01:05:01,320
Speaker 1: brutal in Spain. Not really not paired to any other dictator.

1231
01:05:01,360 --> 01:05:04,400
Speaker 1: You know, Franco, Franco was with him in Spain, I

1232
01:05:04,440 --> 01:05:06,680
Speaker 1: mean was with him in Morocco, right, yeah, yeah, yeah,

1233
01:05:06,680 --> 01:05:10,840
Speaker 1: Franco was like he was a colonel in Morocco and

1234
01:05:10,880 --> 01:05:12,600
Speaker 1: so and one of the people will say that like

1235
01:05:12,640 --> 01:05:15,720
Speaker 1: de Rivera was a bloodless dictator, which again, looking at

1236
01:05:15,720 --> 01:05:18,880
Speaker 1: what happened in Morocco, not true. But if you're living

1237
01:05:18,920 --> 01:05:21,720
Speaker 1: in Spain, he's not mass executing people, he's not even

1238
01:05:21,840 --> 01:05:26,000
Speaker 1: mass imprisoning people. He's not hosting huge executions of his

1239
01:05:26,040 --> 01:05:29,560
Speaker 1: political enemies. He's a pretty if you're in Spain, a

1240
01:05:29,600 --> 01:05:33,080
Speaker 1: pretty mild dictator, about as mild as they get this century,

1241
01:05:33,120 --> 01:05:35,240
Speaker 1: you know, which is not to like whitewash him. Ready.

1242
01:05:35,240 --> 01:05:36,959
Speaker 1: I think it's just like part of why he doesn't

1243
01:05:36,960 --> 01:05:39,640
Speaker 1: stay in power along. You know, you've gotta be more

1244
01:05:39,680 --> 01:05:41,600
Speaker 1: brutal than he is if you're going to hold power

1245
01:05:41,600 --> 01:05:45,160
Speaker 1: as a dictator. Now, Primo de Rivera's fall from power

1246
01:05:45,280 --> 01:05:48,080
Speaker 1: was also a lesson to Benito Mussolini. It convinced him

1247
01:05:48,080 --> 01:05:50,600
Speaker 1: that his regime could not afford to compromise its power

1248
01:05:50,680 --> 01:05:54,040
Speaker 1: at all with an elected parliament. This was in Musolin.

1249
01:05:54,080 --> 01:05:56,080
Speaker 1: He saw basically like, ah, the only option I have

1250
01:05:56,120 --> 01:05:58,480
Speaker 1: to become so authoritarian that no one can push me out.

1251
01:05:58,760 --> 01:06:00,840
Speaker 1: And as a result, De rivere As fall was a

1252
01:06:00,880 --> 01:06:04,480
Speaker 1: major It pushes Mussolini to spring towards more radical authoritarian

1253
01:06:04,520 --> 01:06:08,600
Speaker 1: policy in nineteen thirty two. Um, all of this stuff

1254
01:06:08,640 --> 01:06:10,680
Speaker 1: is interconnected, you know, just like everything, just like just

1255
01:06:10,720 --> 01:06:13,320
Speaker 1: like the Syrian Civil War is directly connected to why

1256
01:06:13,360 --> 01:06:16,560
Speaker 1: President Donald Trump became the president, you know, like it's

1257
01:06:16,560 --> 01:06:19,280
Speaker 1: all everything always is connected. That's the way the world works.

1258
01:06:19,760 --> 01:06:22,400
Speaker 1: The Spanish Republic would have just five years of pre

1259
01:06:22,480 --> 01:06:26,840
Speaker 1: war existence. For its first two years, the socialists dominated

1260
01:06:26,880 --> 01:06:29,920
Speaker 1: the government, so not like hardcore communists, but definitely like

1261
01:06:30,040 --> 01:06:32,760
Speaker 1: left wing. Um. The first two years the left is

1262
01:06:32,800 --> 01:06:35,800
Speaker 1: dominating the Republic for the next to a center right

1263
01:06:35,880 --> 01:06:38,919
Speaker 1: counter reformation pushes back against the gains of the left.

1264
01:06:39,640 --> 01:06:42,720
Speaker 1: The tug of war was largely in politics between socialists,

1265
01:06:43,080 --> 01:06:47,440
Speaker 1: Republican centrists, and Catholic conservatives, and the Catholic Conservatives, starting

1266
01:06:47,440 --> 01:06:50,400
Speaker 1: in nineteen thirty three, were represented by Spain's first mass

1267
01:06:50,480 --> 01:06:54,200
Speaker 1: Catholic political party and first really powerful right wing political party,

1268
01:06:54,400 --> 01:06:56,200
Speaker 1: the c E d A. And I'm not even gonna

1269
01:06:56,200 --> 01:06:57,680
Speaker 1: try to tell you what it stands when we call

1270
01:06:57,720 --> 01:07:00,640
Speaker 1: him SEDA. You know, that's the that's the that's the

1271
01:07:01,040 --> 01:07:03,440
Speaker 1: birth of like the organized political right in Spain in

1272
01:07:03,440 --> 01:07:05,040
Speaker 1: a way that actually is able to take some power.

1273
01:07:05,760 --> 01:07:09,280
Speaker 1: The SIDA was the primary home for the conservative middle

1274
01:07:09,320 --> 01:07:12,280
Speaker 1: class who had been radicalized first by Primo de Rivera's

1275
01:07:12,320 --> 01:07:15,240
Speaker 1: dictatorship and next by the early years of left wing

1276
01:07:15,240 --> 01:07:17,400
Speaker 1: power in the Republic. And they're being radicalized both by

1277
01:07:17,440 --> 01:07:19,680
Speaker 1: the fact that the socialists or in power and they're

1278
01:07:19,720 --> 01:07:21,640
Speaker 1: doing the things socialists do, which is in part to

1279
01:07:21,760 --> 01:07:24,000
Speaker 1: say the church is not going to have power, like

1280
01:07:24,040 --> 01:07:26,320
Speaker 1: we're not going to like let the Catholic Church run things,

1281
01:07:26,560 --> 01:07:28,840
Speaker 1: but also by the like the anarchists who are still

1282
01:07:28,840 --> 01:07:31,040
Speaker 1: fucking up churches and stuff in this period of time.

1283
01:07:31,080 --> 01:07:33,240
Speaker 1: So it's it's the same it is here. You've got

1284
01:07:33,280 --> 01:07:35,360
Speaker 1: kind of these more moderate people on the left, and

1285
01:07:35,400 --> 01:07:37,080
Speaker 1: then you've got people on the left in the streets

1286
01:07:37,080 --> 01:07:40,640
Speaker 1: doing things that scare these religious conservatives and make them

1287
01:07:40,640 --> 01:07:43,000
Speaker 1: decide like we have to take back our country. That

1288
01:07:43,120 --> 01:07:45,880
Speaker 1: happens in Spain too. It's a familiar story again to

1289
01:07:45,960 --> 01:07:50,960
Speaker 1: everyone listening. Um. Now, a number of socialist laws were

1290
01:07:50,960 --> 01:07:52,880
Speaker 1: passed that clamped down on the power and prestige of

1291
01:07:52,920 --> 01:07:55,280
Speaker 1: the church in this period, and obviously they were again widespread,

1292
01:07:55,360 --> 01:07:58,440
Speaker 1: like there were anarchists attacked fifty convicts in Madrid in

1293
01:07:58,520 --> 01:08:01,680
Speaker 1: nineteen thirty one, and again this helps energize the right.

1294
01:08:01,720 --> 01:08:04,280
Speaker 1: It's also if you're a Spanish anarchist who grew up

1295
01:08:04,320 --> 01:08:06,280
Speaker 1: living under a Catholic church that did all of the

1296
01:08:06,320 --> 01:08:08,200
Speaker 1: kind of fucked up ship we know the Catholic Church

1297
01:08:08,240 --> 01:08:13,600
Speaker 1: to do. Nobody's again, nobody is a monster here. While

1298
01:08:13,640 --> 01:08:16,360
Speaker 1: there are sponsors, we're about to talk about them, um.

1299
01:08:16,439 --> 01:08:19,000
Speaker 1: But yeah, this enraged fundamentalists and the c e d

1300
01:08:19,160 --> 01:08:22,880
Speaker 1: a like because of how angry they were at the left.

1301
01:08:23,120 --> 01:08:26,080
Speaker 1: The SITA is never a party that accepts the necessity

1302
01:08:26,080 --> 01:08:29,640
Speaker 1: of democracy, right, they want to take power and institute

1303
01:08:29,640 --> 01:08:32,400
Speaker 1: a Catholic state. They don't believe the Republic that they're

1304
01:08:32,400 --> 01:08:37,240
Speaker 1: participating in is legitimate, which also sounds familiar to her dominions.

1305
01:08:37,560 --> 01:08:41,559
Speaker 1: Yeah the dominionists. Okay, yeah, yeah, Now again, while this

1306
01:08:41,640 --> 01:08:43,920
Speaker 1: is all going on, the radical left in Spain tried

1307
01:08:44,000 --> 01:08:47,080
Speaker 1: several times to carry out insurrections against the Republic. So

1308
01:08:47,120 --> 01:08:50,040
Speaker 1: the anarchists, because they're anarchists, do try to overthrow the

1309
01:08:50,080 --> 01:08:52,519
Speaker 1: Republic because they don't like the Republic either for different

1310
01:08:52,560 --> 01:08:55,320
Speaker 1: reasons than the c e d a UM. In some

1311
01:08:55,360 --> 01:08:58,600
Speaker 1: cases they even fought alongside communists. Communists and anarchists are

1312
01:08:58,600 --> 01:09:00,760
Speaker 1: pretty good at working together in this period compared to

1313
01:09:01,000 --> 01:09:04,040
Speaker 1: how they'll be later. Uh. They attack police stations in

1314
01:09:04,200 --> 01:09:07,200
Speaker 1: nineteen thirty four, they succeed in taking over large chunks

1315
01:09:07,200 --> 01:09:10,080
Speaker 1: of the state of a sturious. This insurrection got far

1316
01:09:10,200 --> 01:09:12,879
Speaker 1: enough that the Republic called in their Imperial shock troops

1317
01:09:13,320 --> 01:09:16,880
Speaker 1: the Foreign Legion, who brutally suppressed the revolt by massacring

1318
01:09:16,920 --> 01:09:20,280
Speaker 1: basically everybody they could, um, just gunning people down in

1319
01:09:20,360 --> 01:09:23,200
Speaker 1: huge numbers. The thing the only thing that they do,

1320
01:09:23,240 --> 01:09:26,920
Speaker 1: you know, that's why you have these guys to murder everybody,

1321
01:09:27,040 --> 01:09:30,000
Speaker 1: to put everybody down. Everybody shut up when I get there,

1322
01:09:30,439 --> 01:09:33,960
Speaker 1: everybody air by sitting down. We do not have machine

1323
01:09:34,000 --> 01:09:37,960
Speaker 1: guns because we're good at being like a discriminating with

1324
01:09:37,960 --> 01:09:40,759
Speaker 1: our violence. We have machine guns because it makes it faster.

1325
01:09:41,000 --> 01:09:43,280
Speaker 1: You know. It sounds like Stephanie, she just come in

1326
01:09:43,320 --> 01:09:47,800
Speaker 1: and everything. I'm not asking who did what? Whtess is broke?

1327
01:09:48,360 --> 01:09:51,400
Speaker 1: Everybody sitting down? Your aunt who comes in with the

1328
01:09:51,400 --> 01:09:55,920
Speaker 1: fucking sandal and just started like you need to call saying,

1329
01:09:56,439 --> 01:09:59,200
Speaker 1: she come in with the check blast air by getting it.

1330
01:09:59,280 --> 01:10:01,879
Speaker 1: I've got no, I don't want to hear nothing. Everybody

1331
01:10:01,960 --> 01:10:11,080
Speaker 1: getting Yeah. The CNT, who's that anarcho syndicalist party launches

1332
01:10:11,160 --> 01:10:14,000
Speaker 1: constant strikes in this period, largely because they're angry that

1333
01:10:14,080 --> 01:10:16,800
Speaker 1: the Republic had failed to rest it. So when the

1334
01:10:16,880 --> 01:10:19,320
Speaker 1: Republic comes to power, the far left is like, because

1335
01:10:19,320 --> 01:10:22,320
Speaker 1: the far left our anarchists, and they're agricultural right there,

1336
01:10:22,320 --> 01:10:25,680
Speaker 1: primarily in rural areas, and most of Spain's agricultural land

1337
01:10:25,760 --> 01:10:28,479
Speaker 1: like more is owned by just like rich assholes who

1338
01:10:28,720 --> 01:10:31,439
Speaker 1: make the people who are actually farming it pay them

1339
01:10:31,560 --> 01:10:34,519
Speaker 1: unreasonable rent, and it like keeps them impoverished, and the

1340
01:10:34,640 --> 01:10:37,800
Speaker 1: radical left is like, we should the land should belong

1341
01:10:37,840 --> 01:10:40,040
Speaker 1: to the people who farm it. Yeah, maybe, why why

1342
01:10:40,080 --> 01:10:42,880
Speaker 1: don't we do that? But I understand we got a

1343
01:10:42,920 --> 01:10:45,280
Speaker 1: lot of radical thoughts. This don't feel radical though, Yeah,

1344
01:10:45,400 --> 01:10:48,639
Speaker 1: it doesn't like it isn't the time, It shouldn't be. Yeah,

1345
01:10:48,880 --> 01:10:54,920
Speaker 1: this really shouldn't be a radicaln't be. Um. The republic

1346
01:10:55,280 --> 01:10:57,559
Speaker 1: being a republic, gave them some of what they want,

1347
01:10:57,680 --> 01:11:00,280
Speaker 1: but not much. They redistribute about ten per scent of

1348
01:11:00,320 --> 01:11:03,400
Speaker 1: Spain's uncultivated land of the peasants, and that really pisses

1349
01:11:03,439 --> 01:11:05,880
Speaker 1: off the anarchists, so they launch a bunch of in

1350
01:11:05,920 --> 01:11:08,360
Speaker 1: addition to these insurrections that other anarchists are doing, the

1351
01:11:08,439 --> 01:11:10,680
Speaker 1: C and T is doing like strikes and stuff in

1352
01:11:10,720 --> 01:11:14,240
Speaker 1: this period as protests. In nineteen thirty three, a peasant

1353
01:11:14,320 --> 01:11:17,960
Speaker 1: protest was suppressed by Republican police who shot nineteen of

1354
01:11:18,040 --> 01:11:20,920
Speaker 1: them dead. Um. So this government, which is broadly speaking,

1355
01:11:20,920 --> 01:11:23,519
Speaker 1: we'll call it a liberal government, is a government they

1356
01:11:23,560 --> 01:11:26,320
Speaker 1: still you know, gunn people down when you funk up, right,

1357
01:11:26,439 --> 01:11:30,519
Speaker 1: Like yeah, Now, the constant unrest damaged the left, middle

1358
01:11:30,560 --> 01:11:34,280
Speaker 1: class support, and the in fighting between communists anarchists and Republicans,

1359
01:11:34,400 --> 01:11:37,760
Speaker 1: hurt the broadly speaking liberal and left ability to keep

1360
01:11:37,800 --> 01:11:41,120
Speaker 1: control of the government from the right. In nineteen thirty four,

1361
01:11:41,240 --> 01:11:44,000
Speaker 1: the c E d A, led by Jose Marie gil Robles,

1362
01:11:44,120 --> 01:11:47,120
Speaker 1: became the dominant power in government um or at least

1363
01:11:47,400 --> 01:11:49,839
Speaker 1: gained a lot of power in government. This provoked outrage

1364
01:11:49,840 --> 01:11:51,920
Speaker 1: from the span like they weren't in control or anything,

1365
01:11:52,000 --> 01:11:54,599
Speaker 1: but they had power for the first time. This really

1366
01:11:54,680 --> 01:11:57,560
Speaker 1: piste off the Spanish left because in the rest of

1367
01:11:57,600 --> 01:12:00,640
Speaker 1: Europe at the same time, Hitler has just solidated all

1368
01:12:00,680 --> 01:12:03,400
Speaker 1: of his power and destroyed by our democracy. Italy is

1369
01:12:03,439 --> 01:12:06,920
Speaker 1: completely fascist now, um and there's dictators all throughout Europe.

1370
01:12:06,960 --> 01:12:08,960
Speaker 1: So the left sees the c E d A gain

1371
01:12:09,160 --> 01:12:11,560
Speaker 1: some power and they're like, this is the start of

1372
01:12:11,720 --> 01:12:14,479
Speaker 1: what we're seeing happen. The fascists are going to take over.

1373
01:12:14,800 --> 01:12:17,240
Speaker 1: They're not wrong to be terrified that way, because it

1374
01:12:17,439 --> 01:12:20,519
Speaker 1: is what happens, you know, like like it's happening. That's

1375
01:12:20,520 --> 01:12:23,320
Speaker 1: because it's going to happen. It's happening here, they say,

1376
01:12:24,479 --> 01:12:28,479
Speaker 1: and they're not wrong. Yeah. Um. So again the left

1377
01:12:28,560 --> 01:12:30,360
Speaker 1: in Spain, and when I say the left in this sense,

1378
01:12:30,400 --> 01:12:33,080
Speaker 1: I mean both like the liberals the anarchists, the communists,

1379
01:12:33,120 --> 01:12:36,759
Speaker 1: the socialists, like all of them start to get really panicked.

1380
01:12:36,840 --> 01:12:39,280
Speaker 1: And this fear is reinforced by the fact that gil

1381
01:12:39,400 --> 01:12:43,559
Speaker 1: Roblez consistently gave speeches ranting against democracy and in favor

1382
01:12:43,640 --> 01:12:46,880
Speaker 1: of what he called a totalitarian concept of the state.

1383
01:12:47,520 --> 01:12:50,479
Speaker 1: Uh Stanley payin rights quote, it seems fairly clear that

1384
01:12:50,560 --> 01:12:52,680
Speaker 1: the c e d a's basic intentions were to win

1385
01:12:52,760 --> 01:12:56,040
Speaker 1: decisive political power through legal means, the exception being an

1386
01:12:56,080 --> 01:12:59,960
Speaker 1: ill defined emergency situation, and then to enact fundamental revision

1387
01:13:00,120 --> 01:13:03,320
Speaker 1: to the new Republican Constitution, which restricted Catholic rights, in

1388
01:13:03,479 --> 01:13:06,080
Speaker 1: order to protect religion and property and alter the basic

1389
01:13:06,160 --> 01:13:09,760
Speaker 1: political system. So again, they're not out of line to

1390
01:13:09,880 --> 01:13:11,960
Speaker 1: be afraid of what is going to happen by the

1391
01:13:12,040 --> 01:13:14,960
Speaker 1: c e d A gaining power. Left Wing fears that

1392
01:13:15,000 --> 01:13:17,040
Speaker 1: the c e d A would be bring fascism to

1393
01:13:17,040 --> 01:13:19,160
Speaker 1: Spain were further stoked by the fact that c e

1394
01:13:19,240 --> 01:13:22,479
Speaker 1: d A magazines kelpt running huge, loving articles about how

1395
01:13:22,520 --> 01:13:25,120
Speaker 1: good fascism was. They would have like these huge spreads

1396
01:13:25,160 --> 01:13:27,519
Speaker 1: about fascist itadily and what a perfect state it was.

1397
01:13:27,840 --> 01:13:30,599
Speaker 1: There were articles about the Nazi regime in Germany now

1398
01:13:30,760 --> 01:13:34,280
Speaker 1: Broadly speaking, the Spanish far right is more Italian fascists

1399
01:13:34,280 --> 01:13:36,080
Speaker 1: than German. For one thing, they don't really get the

1400
01:13:36,120 --> 01:13:39,320
Speaker 1: anti semitism, like like everyone in Europe. They're kind of

1401
01:13:39,360 --> 01:13:42,920
Speaker 1: anti Semitic, but it's not organizing principle for them. Um

1402
01:13:44,000 --> 01:13:46,439
Speaker 1: and the Nazis they see. It's like kind of weird,

1403
01:13:46,560 --> 01:13:48,599
Speaker 1: but like still, you know, they're they're they're better than

1404
01:13:48,640 --> 01:13:51,320
Speaker 1: the left, but like yeah, it's like I get what

1405
01:13:51,439 --> 01:13:53,280
Speaker 1: y'all going for. I really want to stand this part,

1406
01:13:53,360 --> 01:13:56,080
Speaker 1: but I do this. But yeah, I've been with you.

1407
01:13:56,160 --> 01:13:58,880
Speaker 1: We kicked out the Muslims. I mean, I guess just

1408
01:13:59,000 --> 01:14:03,639
Speaker 1: the same, but I don't know anyway. Yeah, so Robles

1409
01:14:03,680 --> 01:14:05,200
Speaker 1: even visited. The guy in charge of the c e

1410
01:14:05,280 --> 01:14:07,720
Speaker 1: d A even visited Germany in nineteen thirty three to

1411
01:14:07,800 --> 01:14:11,000
Speaker 1: attend the annual Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg. So again,

1412
01:14:12,479 --> 01:14:16,679
Speaker 1: the c e d A is not entirely a fascist party,

1413
01:14:16,840 --> 01:14:18,920
Speaker 1: but the left in Spain and this time calls them

1414
01:14:19,000 --> 01:14:22,519
Speaker 1: objectively fascist, and you can see why now. For his part,

1415
01:14:22,640 --> 01:14:26,080
Speaker 1: Robs only really rejected fascism because he saw it as foreign.

1416
01:14:26,520 --> 01:14:28,840
Speaker 1: During a speech in nineteen thirty three, he said, we

1417
01:14:28,960 --> 01:14:32,120
Speaker 1: want a totalitarian Patria. But it is strange that we're

1418
01:14:32,160 --> 01:14:34,600
Speaker 1: invited to look for novelties abroad when we find a

1419
01:14:34,720 --> 01:14:38,519
Speaker 1: unitary in totalitarian policy in our own tradition. So he's

1420
01:14:38,560 --> 01:14:41,240
Speaker 1: like fascism, like I like it, but it's foreign, and

1421
01:14:41,479 --> 01:14:44,120
Speaker 1: we in Spain have our own totalitarian tradition that we

1422
01:14:44,160 --> 01:14:46,320
Speaker 1: should be embracing. And when he said this, he was

1423
01:14:46,400 --> 01:14:51,240
Speaker 1: actually referencing Ferdinand and Isabella, the first Spanish monarchs who

1424
01:14:51,280 --> 01:14:54,320
Speaker 1: were not totalitarian. It wasn't you couldn't be back then,

1425
01:14:54,400 --> 01:14:58,160
Speaker 1: you just like, yeah, didn't exist. But yeah, it's very

1426
01:14:58,240 --> 01:15:01,479
Speaker 1: silly and very a historical um. In the same speech,

1427
01:15:01,560 --> 01:15:04,840
Speaker 1: Roblest continued for US power must be integral for the

1428
01:15:04,920 --> 01:15:07,280
Speaker 1: realization of our ideal. We shall not be held back

1429
01:15:07,320 --> 01:15:10,320
Speaker 1: by archaic forms when the time comes Parliament where I

1430
01:15:10,400 --> 01:15:13,759
Speaker 1: will either submit or disappear. Democracy must be a means,

1431
01:15:13,840 --> 01:15:19,120
Speaker 1: not an end. We are going to liquidate the revolution, liquidate, liquidate.

1432
01:15:19,240 --> 01:15:23,240
Speaker 1: So yeah, in addition to the c D E D A.

1433
01:15:23,360 --> 01:15:25,439
Speaker 1: Who if you don't want to call them fascists, they're

1434
01:15:25,439 --> 01:15:30,080
Speaker 1: at least pretty close. Yeah, yeah, low sodium fascist. They're

1435
01:15:30,120 --> 01:15:34,320
Speaker 1: like they're like diet mountain dew, Like you don't want

1436
01:15:34,320 --> 01:15:38,080
Speaker 1: to go all the way, but on the spectrum. Now,

1437
01:15:38,400 --> 01:15:41,680
Speaker 1: Spain also had its own explicitly fascist political parties. And

1438
01:15:41,720 --> 01:15:43,519
Speaker 1: when I don't call the c e D a fascist,

1439
01:15:43,560 --> 01:15:45,920
Speaker 1: it's because I do want to differentiate between the people

1440
01:15:45,920 --> 01:15:48,240
Speaker 1: who are like, we're fascists, you know, like it is

1441
01:15:48,320 --> 01:15:51,560
Speaker 1: important to do that. Um that grew involved throughout the

1442
01:15:51,600 --> 01:15:54,759
Speaker 1: yearly nineteen thirties. Now, the founding father of Spanish fascism

1443
01:15:54,840 --> 01:15:58,920
Speaker 1: was a guy named Ramiro Ledesmo Ramos Ramos, and like

1444
01:15:59,080 --> 01:16:01,280
Speaker 1: most fascist and a actuals, he wanted to be a

1445
01:16:01,360 --> 01:16:03,960
Speaker 1: novelist before he got into politics, and he wrote a

1446
01:16:04,040 --> 01:16:09,120
Speaker 1: fake memoir of it, like he's it's very been Shapiro. Okay, Yeah,

1447
01:16:09,840 --> 01:16:12,679
Speaker 1: he wrote a fiction novel which was a fake memoir

1448
01:16:12,800 --> 01:16:16,599
Speaker 1: about a depressed intellectual who commits suicide um, which seems

1449
01:16:16,600 --> 01:16:18,960
Speaker 1: like it was very self pitying and nobody will he

1450
01:16:19,000 --> 01:16:20,920
Speaker 1: writes it when he's eighteen, nobody's willing to take it,

1451
01:16:21,000 --> 01:16:23,439
Speaker 1: and his rich uncle pays to publish it, which tells

1452
01:16:23,479 --> 01:16:25,919
Speaker 1: you all you need to know about the Desma, the fascist,

1453
01:16:26,400 --> 01:16:31,240
Speaker 1: the father of Spanish fascism. So as the pseudo intellectual,

1454
01:16:31,320 --> 01:16:34,120
Speaker 1: the Desma's greatest concern was that Spanish culture had not

1455
01:16:34,320 --> 01:16:38,040
Speaker 1: given the world a truly dominant political ideology. He complained,

1456
01:16:38,320 --> 01:16:40,439
Speaker 1: we are the only great people who have still not

1457
01:16:40,720 --> 01:16:44,400
Speaker 1: borne the philosophical scepter, and who therefore have not projected

1458
01:16:44,439 --> 01:16:48,160
Speaker 1: in an intellectual dictatorship over the world. And so as

1459
01:16:48,200 --> 01:16:50,559
Speaker 1: a result of this, he decided to steal a political

1460
01:16:50,600 --> 01:16:54,160
Speaker 1: system from Italy and become a fascist. He eventually formed

1461
01:16:54,520 --> 01:16:59,240
Speaker 1: the Junta's Deal Fensiva Nacional Sinte Calista or John's and

1462
01:16:59,360 --> 01:17:02,439
Speaker 1: his followers are called the john Sistas, which is silly,

1463
01:17:02,520 --> 01:17:05,160
Speaker 1: but that's pretty what they're called. Yeah. Lydsma and his

1464
01:17:05,240 --> 01:17:09,040
Speaker 1: fellow john Cistas refused to call themselves fascists, but they were.

1465
01:17:09,160 --> 01:17:11,920
Speaker 1: They talked lovingly of Italian fascism, and they wanted the

1466
01:17:12,000 --> 01:17:14,600
Speaker 1: same things. One of le Desma's first followers was the

1467
01:17:14,680 --> 01:17:18,200
Speaker 1: first Spanish translator for Hitler's mind comp But to his credit,

1468
01:17:18,320 --> 01:17:21,360
Speaker 1: Leedsma did try to find ways to make Spanish fascism unique.

1469
01:17:21,720 --> 01:17:24,000
Speaker 1: In part, he attempted to do this by marrying it

1470
01:17:24,120 --> 01:17:28,439
Speaker 1: to Spanish anarcho syndicalism. Le Desma adopted syndicalism, the idea

1471
01:17:28,479 --> 01:17:31,360
Speaker 1: of worker councils governing themselves and striking to make their demands.

1472
01:17:31,400 --> 01:17:33,519
Speaker 1: Mets or adopted aspects of that, and he kind of

1473
01:17:33,680 --> 01:17:37,200
Speaker 1: awkwardly welded it to Spanish revolutionary nationalism. And one of

1474
01:17:37,240 --> 01:17:40,040
Speaker 1: the things that is odd that characterizes Spanish fascists in

1475
01:17:40,120 --> 01:17:43,320
Speaker 1: this period is they really reach out to the anarchists.

1476
01:17:43,320 --> 01:17:46,800
Speaker 1: They're trying to convert anarchists, um in part because the

1477
01:17:46,840 --> 01:17:50,120
Speaker 1: anarchists are like the most vital anti government movement in

1478
01:17:50,160 --> 01:17:54,320
Speaker 1: this period. Yeah, yeah, yeah, it was reading the tea

1479
01:17:54,400 --> 01:17:57,280
Speaker 1: leaves of being like, you know, I think you don't

1480
01:17:57,320 --> 01:17:59,680
Speaker 1: like the same ship we don't like. Yeah, maybe I

1481
01:17:59,720 --> 01:18:02,280
Speaker 1: can a way to make it fast. And it happens

1482
01:18:02,360 --> 01:18:04,200
Speaker 1: for some of them, right, Like that is a story

1483
01:18:04,320 --> 01:18:07,840
Speaker 1: that's very uncomfortable about anarchist history is that during the

1484
01:18:08,040 --> 01:18:10,960
Speaker 1: period of time when fascism rises and a number of

1485
01:18:11,040 --> 01:18:15,120
Speaker 1: anarchists in different countries, and an uncomfortable number of them decide, now,

1486
01:18:15,240 --> 01:18:17,920
Speaker 1: you know what, I'm a fascist, which is not. Yeah,

1487
01:18:18,320 --> 01:18:21,040
Speaker 1: and it's it's important, you know whatever whatever you believe

1488
01:18:21,120 --> 01:18:23,840
Speaker 1: to be honest about its history, and that includes the

1489
01:18:23,960 --> 01:18:27,759
Speaker 1: ugly parts um so Ledesma and his fellow John Ceasta

1490
01:18:27,760 --> 01:18:29,680
Speaker 1: has refused to call them. And also, we're going to

1491
01:18:29,760 --> 01:18:32,080
Speaker 1: talk in part two about the fact that a funkload

1492
01:18:32,120 --> 01:18:34,680
Speaker 1: of anarchists died fighting fascism in Spain. And we're a

1493
01:18:34,760 --> 01:18:37,040
Speaker 1: lot of the very first people who were willing to

1494
01:18:37,080 --> 01:18:39,880
Speaker 1: put their lives on the line to fight global fascism

1495
01:18:40,600 --> 01:18:43,479
Speaker 1: before the United States was willing to fight the Nazis.

1496
01:18:43,880 --> 01:18:46,800
Speaker 1: A funkload of anarchists died fighting fascism, and I like,

1497
01:18:46,880 --> 01:18:48,880
Speaker 1: I'm not trying to to say that that like, and

1498
01:18:49,000 --> 01:18:51,840
Speaker 1: that's much more dominant a part of anarchist history totally

1499
01:18:51,880 --> 01:18:53,640
Speaker 1: than the ones who went fashion, but a number of

1500
01:18:53,680 --> 01:18:56,679
Speaker 1: them do go fascists, and it's something the fascists directly

1501
01:18:56,760 --> 01:19:00,360
Speaker 1: try to encourage. Um, it's like the like the like

1502
01:19:00,479 --> 01:19:04,840
Speaker 1: the black Trump Yeah exactly, exactly. Look, there's there's still

1503
01:19:05,400 --> 01:19:09,800
Speaker 1: that's still un and it doesn't erase the fact that

1504
01:19:10,160 --> 01:19:13,320
Speaker 1: Biden only won the election because of a funkload of

1505
01:19:13,439 --> 01:19:17,439
Speaker 1: organized black voters, you know, yes, yes, yeah, So, like

1506
01:19:17,600 --> 01:19:20,040
Speaker 1: the left wing of the Nazi Party had done, Ledesma

1507
01:19:20,120 --> 01:19:23,479
Speaker 1: sought to make fascism collectivists, stressing that the individual has

1508
01:19:23,600 --> 01:19:26,920
Speaker 1: died and that the collectivest state is all that matters.

1509
01:19:27,400 --> 01:19:30,479
Speaker 1: This was not an initially successful line of propaganda. And

1510
01:19:30,520 --> 01:19:32,559
Speaker 1: by the end of nineteen thirty two they were barely

1511
01:19:32,640 --> 01:19:35,760
Speaker 1: in e John Ceasta's Uh, Spanish fascism might not have

1512
01:19:35,880 --> 01:19:37,400
Speaker 1: taken off at all if it had not been for

1513
01:19:37,560 --> 01:19:40,840
Speaker 1: a fellow named Jose Antonio de Rivera, the son of

1514
01:19:40,920 --> 01:19:44,400
Speaker 1: the now dead dictator um So de Rivera's kid becomes

1515
01:19:44,560 --> 01:19:48,680
Speaker 1: like really the first prominent Spanish fascist, and one of

1516
01:19:48,760 --> 01:19:50,960
Speaker 1: the things, this guy is such a figure in Spanish

1517
01:19:51,040 --> 01:19:53,840
Speaker 1: history that he's one of the only people from this

1518
01:19:53,960 --> 01:19:56,360
Speaker 1: period of Spanish history who's known by his first names.

1519
01:19:56,439 --> 01:19:58,400
Speaker 1: He's Jose Antonio. They don't call like they call his

1520
01:19:58,479 --> 01:20:01,200
Speaker 1: dad de Rivera. He's Jose Antonio, which is like kind

1521
01:20:01,200 --> 01:20:03,840
Speaker 1: of a mark of how significant this guy was. Now,

1522
01:20:04,000 --> 01:20:06,639
Speaker 1: Jose was a weird fascist, and we'll talk more about

1523
01:20:06,720 --> 01:20:08,960
Speaker 1: him in part two. He is not like other he's

1524
01:20:08,960 --> 01:20:11,400
Speaker 1: not nearly For one thing, he doesn't really like violence

1525
01:20:11,439 --> 01:20:13,000
Speaker 1: in the same way that a lot of fascists do.

1526
01:20:13,520 --> 01:20:16,520
Speaker 1: And he's like weirdly friendly with a lot of socialists,

1527
01:20:16,640 --> 01:20:19,080
Speaker 1: like in government, like like he's he's like like and

1528
01:20:19,200 --> 01:20:21,080
Speaker 1: not in a I don't know, he's a He's a

1529
01:20:21,200 --> 01:20:24,800
Speaker 1: very weird fascist. His background, though, makes complete sense. He's

1530
01:20:24,840 --> 01:20:27,120
Speaker 1: the rich son of a military family whose father took

1531
01:20:27,120 --> 01:20:29,719
Speaker 1: almost absolute power in order to murder foreigners and steal

1532
01:20:29,760 --> 01:20:32,760
Speaker 1: their ship. So it's not weird that he becomes a fascist. Yeah,

1533
01:20:32,960 --> 01:20:36,519
Speaker 1: I'm like, yeah, just you know, it's like representation matters,

1534
01:20:36,640 --> 01:20:39,040
Speaker 1: Like you have to see something to believe that it's possible.

1535
01:20:39,120 --> 01:20:41,400
Speaker 1: So he's yeah, my dad took over the country. Yeah,

1536
01:20:41,400 --> 01:20:42,960
Speaker 1: I mean I bet I can too. Yeah. Yeah, And

1537
01:20:43,040 --> 01:20:44,720
Speaker 1: you could see him as like kind of what I'm

1538
01:20:44,760 --> 01:20:46,320
Speaker 1: sure one of the Trump kids will try to do,

1539
01:20:46,400 --> 01:20:48,720
Speaker 1: although I would argue he's a better personality of the

1540
01:20:48,720 --> 01:20:55,800
Speaker 1: Trump kids. Yea. So he creates his own fascist party

1541
01:20:55,880 --> 01:20:58,320
Speaker 1: based on the idea of bringing in another dictator like

1542
01:20:58,479 --> 01:21:00,439
Speaker 1: his dad, but not sucking at it this time, right,

1543
01:21:00,479 --> 01:21:02,320
Speaker 1: Like we need a dictator. My dad had the right idea,

1544
01:21:02,320 --> 01:21:04,040
Speaker 1: but he didn't have an ideology. I'm going to bring

1545
01:21:04,120 --> 01:21:07,439
Speaker 1: in an ideology. And both Jose Antonio's party and the

1546
01:21:07,560 --> 01:21:10,000
Speaker 1: john Sistas receive a shot in the arm. On January

1547
01:21:10,479 --> 01:21:13,920
Speaker 1: ninety three, when Hitler takes power in Germany, a magazine

1548
01:21:14,000 --> 01:21:26,960
Speaker 1: El Fascio, which is a very subtle name. Yeah, dug it.

1549
01:21:28,040 --> 01:21:30,880
Speaker 1: So Hitler takes power in Germany and El Fascio gets

1550
01:21:30,920 --> 01:21:33,599
Speaker 1: launched in Spain, and the government shuts that ship down

1551
01:21:33,800 --> 01:21:37,040
Speaker 1: right away and bands publication the future editions, which is

1552
01:21:37,160 --> 01:21:39,160
Speaker 1: like when in doubtlook you want to you need you

1553
01:21:39,280 --> 01:21:41,160
Speaker 1: need your brand to be clear. Yeah, you need to

1554
01:21:41,200 --> 01:21:45,080
Speaker 1: be clear. Com. We're talking a lot in the United

1555
01:21:45,120 --> 01:21:48,920
Speaker 1: States now about the value of d platforming fascists, about

1556
01:21:48,960 --> 01:21:51,120
Speaker 1: the and I'm an advocate for aspects of that, about

1557
01:21:51,120 --> 01:21:53,360
Speaker 1: the value of of taking away these people's ability to

1558
01:21:53,400 --> 01:21:56,400
Speaker 1: reach a mass audience. They do a harder, much harder

1559
01:21:56,439 --> 01:21:58,880
Speaker 1: core version of that in Spain. You get in One

1560
01:21:58,920 --> 01:22:01,160
Speaker 1: of the things that's unique about Spain is the police

1561
01:22:01,200 --> 01:22:03,200
Speaker 1: in this period cracked down on the fascists more than

1562
01:22:03,240 --> 01:22:06,439
Speaker 1: they do on the left. Um, which is weird. Um.

1563
01:22:06,720 --> 01:22:10,920
Speaker 1: It's a unique historically everywhere else it is the opposite, um.

1564
01:22:11,560 --> 01:22:13,960
Speaker 1: And part of why is because the republic is very

1565
01:22:14,040 --> 01:22:17,040
Speaker 1: scared of these fascists for good reason. And if we're

1566
01:22:17,080 --> 01:22:19,560
Speaker 1: looking at like the effectiveness of the platforming to what

1567
01:22:19,680 --> 01:22:23,760
Speaker 1: extent it works, Spain shows us that it doesn't necessarily

1568
01:22:23,880 --> 01:22:27,120
Speaker 1: stop them from gaining power. Because they d platform the fascists.

1569
01:22:27,320 --> 01:22:29,400
Speaker 1: They try hard to d platform the fascist in the

1570
01:22:29,439 --> 01:22:33,080
Speaker 1: Spanish Republic. It doesn't do the trick um. So again,

1571
01:22:33,439 --> 01:22:36,200
Speaker 1: useful historical context here, which is not to say there's

1572
01:22:36,200 --> 01:22:38,599
Speaker 1: no value in d platforming, but we should be paying

1573
01:22:38,640 --> 01:22:41,280
Speaker 1: attention to what happened in Spain. Um, and the d

1574
01:22:41,360 --> 01:22:44,120
Speaker 1: platform against Spain is being done by the government, you know, um,

1575
01:22:44,560 --> 01:22:47,400
Speaker 1: by cops and ship. Now, the Law for the Defense

1576
01:22:47,439 --> 01:22:50,160
Speaker 1: of the Republic gave the Spanish Republic power to ban

1577
01:22:50,280 --> 01:22:54,160
Speaker 1: anything that threatened the Republic's existence. Banning fascist propaganda, though,

1578
01:22:54,240 --> 01:22:57,080
Speaker 1: was not enough to stop the contagious excitement over fascism

1579
01:22:57,360 --> 01:23:00,160
Speaker 1: and the broader right wing reaction against the recent victims

1580
01:23:00,200 --> 01:23:03,400
Speaker 1: of the left, the john Sistas and Jose Antonio's movement grew.

1581
01:23:03,840 --> 01:23:07,439
Speaker 1: Jose Antonio was noted as not being particularly charismatic, but

1582
01:23:07,520 --> 01:23:09,920
Speaker 1: he was good with words, and he was a successful lawyer,

1583
01:23:10,000 --> 01:23:12,960
Speaker 1: so he had money. He entered into frequent public debates

1584
01:23:13,000 --> 01:23:15,280
Speaker 1: with left wing intellectuals where he would say stuff like this.

1585
01:23:15,720 --> 01:23:18,000
Speaker 1: So again, he's a big like kind of like Richard Spencer.

1586
01:23:18,000 --> 01:23:19,439
Speaker 1: I will go down and sit down and talk with

1587
01:23:19,479 --> 01:23:21,479
Speaker 1: all of your I'll be very nice, we'll be very polite,

1588
01:23:21,680 --> 01:23:24,120
Speaker 1: and I'll talk about fascism in that way. He's that

1589
01:23:24,280 --> 01:23:28,400
Speaker 1: kind of fascist. Um quote, this is uh This is

1590
01:23:28,479 --> 01:23:30,519
Speaker 1: Jose Antonio from a debate he had with kind of

1591
01:23:30,600 --> 01:23:33,760
Speaker 1: a more liberal guy. The liberal state believes in nothing,

1592
01:23:33,920 --> 01:23:36,519
Speaker 1: not even in itself. It watches with folded arms as

1593
01:23:36,560 --> 01:23:38,919
Speaker 1: all sorts of experiments, even those aimed at the destruction

1594
01:23:38,960 --> 01:23:42,040
Speaker 1: of the state itself. Fascism was born to light of faith.

1595
01:23:42,360 --> 01:23:44,479
Speaker 1: Neither of the right, which at the bottom aspires to

1596
01:23:44,520 --> 01:23:47,439
Speaker 1: preserve everything, even the unjust, nor of the left, which

1597
01:23:47,479 --> 01:23:50,120
Speaker 1: at the bottom aspires to destroy everything, even the just,

1598
01:23:50,640 --> 01:23:54,479
Speaker 1: but a collective, integral, national faith. And you can see

1599
01:23:54,520 --> 01:23:56,880
Speaker 1: why people would be appealed to as four things like

1600
01:23:56,920 --> 01:23:58,760
Speaker 1: we're not right when we're not left wing, they're both bad.

1601
01:23:59,040 --> 01:24:02,800
Speaker 1: Were something different. And he also the thing that all

1602
01:24:02,840 --> 01:24:05,400
Speaker 1: fascists have to do in order to succeed is point

1603
01:24:05,479 --> 01:24:08,240
Speaker 1: out things that are true and problems with the system,

1604
01:24:08,240 --> 01:24:10,760
Speaker 1: and he does. The liberal state believes in nothing, not

1605
01:24:10,960 --> 01:24:13,960
Speaker 1: even in itself. You know, that's a good that's a

1606
01:24:14,000 --> 01:24:18,640
Speaker 1: true state. But it's good. That's good. Yeah, yeah, And

1607
01:24:18,760 --> 01:24:20,680
Speaker 1: that's part of why again, that's part of why he

1608
01:24:20,720 --> 01:24:22,760
Speaker 1: does succeed in bringing in some people from the left

1609
01:24:22,840 --> 01:24:25,519
Speaker 1: to the fascists and converting people um and at least

1610
01:24:25,560 --> 01:24:26,840
Speaker 1: in getting a lot of them to be like, well

1611
01:24:26,880 --> 01:24:28,400
Speaker 1: he's not that, he's not as bad as the state.

1612
01:24:28,479 --> 01:24:30,280
Speaker 1: You know, a lot of people will say that in

1613
01:24:30,439 --> 01:24:32,040
Speaker 1: July of night, and a lot of people don't. By

1614
01:24:32,040 --> 01:24:34,040
Speaker 1: the way, anarchists murder eight we'll talk about this part

1615
01:24:34,080 --> 01:24:36,200
Speaker 1: to murder a funkload of fascists in this period. So

1616
01:24:36,240 --> 01:24:38,040
Speaker 1: when I say a number of people on the left

1617
01:24:38,120 --> 01:24:39,639
Speaker 1: are like, well, he's not as bad as the state,

1618
01:24:39,680 --> 01:24:41,559
Speaker 1: a lot of people on nothing like, no, they're bad

1619
01:24:41,600 --> 01:24:43,320
Speaker 1: and we have to start shooting them to death now.

1620
01:24:44,120 --> 01:24:47,760
Speaker 1: So like, yeah, let's not. It's a lot lots going on. Um,

1621
01:24:48,280 --> 01:24:52,599
Speaker 1: you said in beginning, this is messy. Yeah. In July

1622
01:24:52,680 --> 01:24:55,000
Speaker 1: of nineteen thirty four, the John Ceast has launched an

1623
01:24:55,000 --> 01:24:57,320
Speaker 1: attack on the Madrid offices of the Friends of the

1624
01:24:57,439 --> 01:25:00,799
Speaker 1: USS are damaging the offices and threatening people with pistols.

1625
01:25:01,840 --> 01:25:04,800
Speaker 1: This caused a government crackdown both on the fascists and

1626
01:25:04,920 --> 01:25:08,559
Speaker 1: on the anarchists, arresting some three thousand people nationwide. Again,

1627
01:25:08,640 --> 01:25:10,600
Speaker 1: like we'll probably about to see this is what the

1628
01:25:10,680 --> 01:25:13,680
Speaker 1: government does, like you know, I mean, in fairness, like

1629
01:25:13,800 --> 01:25:17,400
Speaker 1: right now, the anarchists are not doing much other than

1630
01:25:17,479 --> 01:25:19,880
Speaker 1: standing outside of buildings and breaking windows, and this they

1631
01:25:19,960 --> 01:25:24,679
Speaker 1: were gunning people down. So yeah, yeah, um, it's yeah.

1632
01:25:24,720 --> 01:25:26,120
Speaker 1: I don't want to like try to make the case

1633
01:25:26,200 --> 01:25:28,360
Speaker 1: that Spanish history is exactly, but like you, I think

1634
01:25:28,400 --> 01:25:31,479
Speaker 1: there are useful parallels. So one of the things, again,

1635
01:25:31,560 --> 01:25:34,720
Speaker 1: Spanish police did arrest more fascists and more willing, were

1636
01:25:34,800 --> 01:25:37,000
Speaker 1: more willing to um than other members of the left

1637
01:25:37,200 --> 01:25:39,080
Speaker 1: or the members of the left at this point. Um.

1638
01:25:39,160 --> 01:25:41,800
Speaker 1: And in fact, the first two years of Jose Antonio's movement,

1639
01:25:41,840 --> 01:25:45,280
Speaker 1: anarchists assassinated and gunned down and stabbed a funkload of

1640
01:25:45,360 --> 01:25:49,080
Speaker 1: fascists and brawls and outside of speeches, um. Now, Jose

1641
01:25:49,200 --> 01:25:52,840
Speaker 1: Antonio was fairly unique among fascists, both in that he

1642
01:25:52,920 --> 01:25:55,760
Speaker 1: had genuinely warm and respectful relationships with a lot of

1643
01:25:55,840 --> 01:25:59,120
Speaker 1: left wing politicians and that he seemed to a poor violence. Uh.

1644
01:25:59,240 --> 01:26:01,840
Speaker 1: This was a problem for his young party, and we'll

1645
01:26:01,840 --> 01:26:04,719
Speaker 1: talk about that more in part two. Now. In October

1646
01:26:04,800 --> 01:26:07,760
Speaker 1: of nineteen thirty four, Jose Antonio traveled to Spain for

1647
01:26:07,840 --> 01:26:10,800
Speaker 1: a brief meeting with Mussolini and to tour a fascist state.

1648
01:26:11,200 --> 01:26:14,080
Speaker 1: He found it inspiring, and he wrote, Fascism is not

1649
01:26:14,240 --> 01:26:17,120
Speaker 1: just an Italian movement, it is a total universal sense

1650
01:26:17,200 --> 01:26:19,680
Speaker 1: of life. Italy was the first to apply it. But

1651
01:26:19,760 --> 01:26:21,559
Speaker 1: it is not the concept of the state as an

1652
01:26:21,600 --> 01:26:24,519
Speaker 1: instrument in the service of a permanent historical mission valid

1653
01:26:24,560 --> 01:26:27,280
Speaker 1: outside of Italy. Who can say that such goals are

1654
01:26:27,360 --> 01:26:31,760
Speaker 1: only valuable for Italians. He returned from Italy eager to

1655
01:26:31,840 --> 01:26:33,640
Speaker 1: make and so again the John Ceased is the other

1656
01:26:33,720 --> 01:26:35,240
Speaker 1: chunk of the fascist movement. Are like, we don't want

1657
01:26:35,240 --> 01:26:38,040
Speaker 1: to do with a fascism Italian fascism because we were

1658
01:26:38,040 --> 01:26:40,600
Speaker 1: Spanish Spain. Yeah. Jose Antonio is like, no, no, no.

1659
01:26:40,680 --> 01:26:43,160
Speaker 1: Fascism is a global thing and it appeals to all

1660
01:26:43,240 --> 01:26:45,920
Speaker 1: of us. And he returns from Spain eager to make

1661
01:26:45,960 --> 01:26:48,120
Speaker 1: a deal with the Jones Ceistas in order to emerge

1662
01:26:48,200 --> 01:26:51,080
Speaker 1: both movements. He recognizes, your propaganda is better. I have

1663
01:26:51,240 --> 01:26:53,720
Speaker 1: more people. I've got I'm better at like organizing the

1664
01:26:53,800 --> 01:26:56,880
Speaker 1: street movement. If we work together, we can bring fascism

1665
01:26:56,960 --> 01:27:00,639
Speaker 1: to Spain. In early November, both groups of ashes came

1666
01:27:00,680 --> 01:27:03,200
Speaker 1: to an agreement. They initially wanted to use the name

1667
01:27:03,360 --> 01:27:08,080
Speaker 1: Fascismo Espanol, but decided to change this to Falange Espaniola,

1668
01:27:08,320 --> 01:27:12,320
Speaker 1: which means Spanish fee links. The Phalanges would in time

1669
01:27:12,479 --> 01:27:15,000
Speaker 1: go on to earn a terrible and bloody reputation in

1670
01:27:15,040 --> 01:27:17,920
Speaker 1: Spanish history. But that it's going to be in Part two,

1671
01:27:20,439 --> 01:27:25,840
Speaker 1: a lot of history of Oh man, this is dumpee one.

1672
01:27:25,960 --> 01:27:30,080
Speaker 1: It's like for every uh I love the like for

1673
01:27:30,200 --> 01:27:33,080
Speaker 1: every kid that you know either it's set next to her.

1674
01:27:33,240 --> 01:27:35,479
Speaker 1: Was the little stoner kid that was like drawing the

1675
01:27:35,600 --> 01:27:38,920
Speaker 1: anarchist A on their folder in high school that was

1676
01:27:39,040 --> 01:27:41,880
Speaker 1: just like no rules, Like no, it's a it's a

1677
01:27:42,120 --> 01:27:45,880
Speaker 1: real thing. It's a Yeah, it's an ideology. It's not

1678
01:27:46,040 --> 01:27:50,519
Speaker 1: just you not getting suspended for you know, slapping a kid.

1679
01:27:51,040 --> 01:27:54,519
Speaker 1: It's a real thing. It's a way to organize the

1680
01:27:54,640 --> 01:27:58,160
Speaker 1: world in society. That in a bunch of different ideas, right,

1681
01:27:58,200 --> 01:28:00,160
Speaker 1: the anarchis syndicalists have one, there's a lot had a

1682
01:28:00,200 --> 01:28:04,520
Speaker 1: different added and there are also anarchists like anarcho primitivists

1683
01:28:04,560 --> 01:28:07,000
Speaker 1: and stuff who don't want to orgon, who like want

1684
01:28:07,040 --> 01:28:09,000
Speaker 1: to go back to them more like there's a bunch

1685
01:28:09,040 --> 01:28:12,120
Speaker 1: of ship within anarchy. Yeah, but it's not you with

1686
01:28:12,200 --> 01:28:14,960
Speaker 1: your little drawing your little A on your skateboard, you know,

1687
01:28:15,080 --> 01:28:17,880
Speaker 1: a little ship. There's more. That's how it starts. And

1688
01:28:18,000 --> 01:28:19,800
Speaker 1: I will say I've seen a lot of people in

1689
01:28:19,920 --> 01:28:22,560
Speaker 1: Portland do very interesting things with skateboards. A lot of

1690
01:28:22,600 --> 01:28:25,160
Speaker 1: teenage anarchists this year. That's that's how it starts for

1691
01:28:25,240 --> 01:28:28,040
Speaker 1: some people, you know. Okay, okay, okay, that's that's if

1692
01:28:28,080 --> 01:28:31,360
Speaker 1: that's the entry. It's deeper than that. There's a lot

1693
01:28:31,760 --> 01:28:34,439
Speaker 1: going on, you know. It just like doesn't mean that

1694
01:28:34,520 --> 01:28:37,000
Speaker 1: you never have to read again, Chad, You have to.

1695
01:28:37,439 --> 01:28:42,080
Speaker 1: You have to read a lot. Okay, there's you know, yeah, yeah,

1696
01:28:42,520 --> 01:28:45,120
Speaker 1: I named him Chad. I'm sorry, yeah, yeah, that's yeah.

1697
01:28:45,439 --> 01:28:47,599
Speaker 1: I think I think we could stand to convert more

1698
01:28:47,640 --> 01:28:52,639
Speaker 1: of the Chad's um. Anyway. This has been part one,

1699
01:28:52,960 --> 01:28:55,160
Speaker 1: the birth of Spanish Fascism. In part two, we're going

1700
01:28:55,200 --> 01:28:57,360
Speaker 1: to talk about the Spanish Civil War, which is one

1701
01:28:57,400 --> 01:29:00,400
Speaker 1: of the most fascinating and important pieces of history. Almost

1702
01:29:00,479 --> 01:29:04,280
Speaker 1: no one knows a goddamn thing about um trusting. It's

1703
01:29:04,439 --> 01:29:07,400
Speaker 1: very so frustrating people don't know about this, you know,

1704
01:29:07,680 --> 01:29:09,360
Speaker 1: so many few people know that, like the author of

1705
01:29:10,280 --> 01:29:14,400
Speaker 1: George Orwell traveled to Spain on the premise that every

1706
01:29:14,520 --> 01:29:17,720
Speaker 1: single decent person should kill one fascist, and then it

1707
01:29:17,880 --> 01:29:21,360
Speaker 1: killed a bunch of fascists with grenades. George Orwell was

1708
01:29:21,439 --> 01:29:24,759
Speaker 1: incredible with grenades. He knew all the different kinds of grenades.

1709
01:29:24,800 --> 01:29:27,639
Speaker 1: He killed a lot of people with grenades. He got

1710
01:29:27,720 --> 01:29:32,439
Speaker 1: shot in the throat. Oh my god. Yeah, I'm gonna

1711
01:29:32,439 --> 01:29:35,000
Speaker 1: give you this as another piece of trivia that has

1712
01:29:35,080 --> 01:29:38,560
Speaker 1: to do with the another hip hop trivia. Um that

1713
01:29:38,680 --> 01:29:40,800
Speaker 1: you this good Easter egg for your listener and then

1714
01:29:40,960 --> 01:29:43,200
Speaker 1: for you just I think you might find this interesting

1715
01:29:43,320 --> 01:29:45,679
Speaker 1: and pull this out one day when you're drinking with friends.

1716
01:29:46,600 --> 01:29:51,559
Speaker 1: Um iced tea, the not the drink, but yeah, yeah yeah.

1717
01:29:51,640 --> 01:29:54,519
Speaker 1: Rapper became the actor in Law and Order, the guy

1718
01:29:54,560 --> 01:29:57,280
Speaker 1: that made an album called cop Killer Yes and became

1719
01:29:57,320 --> 01:30:02,840
Speaker 1: a cop on TV. Yeah you know, rateistussoever. Anyway, there's

1720
01:30:02,880 --> 01:30:07,559
Speaker 1: this story he tells that about when he was getting

1721
01:30:07,760 --> 01:30:13,479
Speaker 1: his record deal and he the as as the legend goes,

1722
01:30:13,640 --> 01:30:17,960
Speaker 1: he never played one song for the people he that

1723
01:30:18,120 --> 01:30:20,840
Speaker 1: signed him for his first record deal, right, and they

1724
01:30:20,920 --> 01:30:24,280
Speaker 1: were like, how are you going to do this? How

1725
01:30:24,320 --> 01:30:25,679
Speaker 1: are we gonna Why would you sign if we haven't

1726
01:30:25,720 --> 01:30:27,479
Speaker 1: heard any music? He goes, Hey, if you're selling a

1727
01:30:27,560 --> 01:30:31,560
Speaker 1: box of grenades, if I blow up a grenade, I

1728
01:30:31,640 --> 01:30:33,400
Speaker 1: need to blow up a grenade for you to see,

1729
01:30:33,479 --> 01:30:35,639
Speaker 1: for you to know that they're good. Like, I can't

1730
01:30:35,680 --> 01:30:37,320
Speaker 1: blow it up because then you won't buy him. They

1731
01:30:37,360 --> 01:30:40,160
Speaker 1: already done. And then the guy was like, man, that's

1732
01:30:40,160 --> 01:30:43,400
Speaker 1: a yeah, so I see. And the guy was like,

1733
01:30:44,320 --> 01:30:47,360
Speaker 1: it's actually a good point. And then he goes, what

1734
01:30:47,479 --> 01:30:48,960
Speaker 1: made you think of that? He goes, why I used

1735
01:30:49,000 --> 01:30:58,320
Speaker 1: to sell grenades? And I totally believe that he was

1736
01:30:58,800 --> 01:31:04,559
Speaker 1: around South Central your nates. I would never call iced

1737
01:31:04,600 --> 01:31:07,120
Speaker 1: Tea a liar for saying that he sold grenades. No,

1738
01:31:07,640 --> 01:31:10,599
Speaker 1: absolutely not. He comes from a you know, you've got

1739
01:31:10,680 --> 01:31:13,760
Speaker 1: your eras of gangster rap where they're just talking and

1740
01:31:13,800 --> 01:31:15,400
Speaker 1: then you've got your era of gangster Rapp was like, no,

1741
01:31:15,479 --> 01:31:17,880
Speaker 1: you did all of the things you're talking about. This.

1742
01:31:18,680 --> 01:31:21,439
Speaker 1: This is why you're not in jails, because there was

1743
01:31:21,520 --> 01:31:23,439
Speaker 1: a period of time for you where you were like,

1744
01:31:23,600 --> 01:31:25,760
Speaker 1: it was a good day because I didn't have to

1745
01:31:25,920 --> 01:31:32,920
Speaker 1: use my These are stories, y'all. Yeah, yeah, that's why

1746
01:31:33,040 --> 01:31:39,840
Speaker 1: most of them didn't make it very long. Yes, all right, Well,

1747
01:31:40,640 --> 01:31:45,920
Speaker 1: in preparation for the Spanish Civil War, which is pretty gangster, listen,

1748
01:31:46,080 --> 01:31:48,320
Speaker 1: listen to some old school Iced Tea, you know, and

1749
01:31:48,360 --> 01:31:51,040
Speaker 1: then watch the Law and Order, you know, really embrace

1750
01:31:51,200 --> 01:31:53,960
Speaker 1: the hypocrisy that we all embody at some point. At

1751
01:31:54,120 --> 01:31:56,320
Speaker 1: some point, you don't need to watch the iced tea

1752
01:31:56,400 --> 01:32:01,720
Speaker 1: and cocoa reality show. I am not recommending that, don know,

1753
01:32:01,920 --> 01:32:03,320
Speaker 1: but a little bit of law in order. You know,

1754
01:32:03,640 --> 01:32:08,040
Speaker 1: it's whatever it's on literally at all times. Yeah, it's

1755
01:32:08,040 --> 01:32:10,960
Speaker 1: a lot like it's a lot like Heroin. You know, Um,

1756
01:32:11,320 --> 01:32:14,639
Speaker 1: it's probably not going to kill you, um, but it's

1757
01:32:14,680 --> 01:32:18,120
Speaker 1: bad for you. Every episode of Laundered, Sue, I'm not

1758
01:32:18,320 --> 01:32:23,640
Speaker 1: ashamed at all. Every believe every episode because it's on

1759
01:32:24,040 --> 01:32:27,880
Speaker 1: at any given time of a day. Yeah, exactly. My

1760
01:32:27,960 --> 01:32:31,719
Speaker 1: mom's nospel. We watched every episode because it was always

1761
01:32:31,800 --> 01:32:36,520
Speaker 1: on every episode. There's a belief in some Aboriginal Australian

1762
01:32:36,600 --> 01:32:38,920
Speaker 1: cultures and this is kind of where the um, what

1763
01:32:39,120 --> 01:32:43,320
Speaker 1: is the long tube that they blow? Ever? No, no, no,

1764
01:32:43,479 --> 01:32:47,080
Speaker 1: the the did you red that the dig red ties

1765
01:32:47,080 --> 01:32:49,719
Speaker 1: into this that like you always have to be someone

1766
01:32:50,160 --> 01:32:52,560
Speaker 1: always has to be playing music because you sing the

1767
01:32:52,600 --> 01:32:54,960
Speaker 1: world into being and if the music stops, the world ends.

1768
01:32:55,320 --> 01:32:57,439
Speaker 1: And I have adopted is a religious belief that with

1769
01:32:57,560 --> 01:33:01,759
Speaker 1: law and Order SVU where it's playing somewhere, the world

1770
01:33:01,880 --> 01:33:03,840
Speaker 1: can continue. I think that's how we ended up with

1771
01:33:03,920 --> 01:33:07,320
Speaker 1: trump Man. Everybody turned off the TV one day in

1772
01:33:07,479 --> 01:33:10,320
Speaker 1: order to stop playing one hour without law and order

1773
01:33:10,400 --> 01:33:18,840
Speaker 1: and everything. Which ship all right, Well, this this has

1774
01:33:18,920 --> 01:33:23,120
Speaker 1: been part one of our two partner of Behind the

1775
01:33:23,200 --> 01:33:27,880
Speaker 1: Insurrections on the Spanish Fascist Franko Civil War. We're we'll

1776
01:33:27,920 --> 01:33:30,280
Speaker 1: talk about Spanish Civil War in part two, and then

1777
01:33:30,479 --> 01:33:33,000
Speaker 1: next week we're going to talk about the fascists who

1778
01:33:33,120 --> 01:33:35,680
Speaker 1: failed UM, and we're gonna talk about we're gonna get

1779
01:33:35,680 --> 01:33:38,000
Speaker 1: a little overview of some anti fascist history you might

1780
01:33:38,040 --> 01:33:40,439
Speaker 1: not know. We're gonna close out with antifa UM and

1781
01:33:40,560 --> 01:33:44,000
Speaker 1: some fun stuff like the idolist pirates UM, which were

1782
01:33:44,080 --> 01:33:47,840
Speaker 1: little kids who murdered Nazis. It was great fucking rad.

1783
01:33:49,479 --> 01:33:54,240
Speaker 1: Here we go listen to some iced tea. That's the

1784
01:33:54,320 --> 01:33:54,880
Speaker 1: episode