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Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, Eve's here. Today's episode contains not just one,

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Speaker 1: but two nuggets of history. Consider it a double feature.

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Speaker 1: Enjoy the show. Greetings everyone, Welcome to this day in

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Speaker 1: History class, where we learn a smidgen of history every day.

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Speaker 1: The day was made seven, nineteen o five. The Battle

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Speaker 1: of Sushima, a major naval battle during the Russo Japanese

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Speaker 1: War of nineteen o four to nineteen o five, began.

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Speaker 1: By the end of battle the next day, the Japanese

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Speaker 1: had defeated the Russian navy. Russia and Japan had been

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Speaker 1: fighting for control in Korea and Manchuria. When Russia reneged

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Speaker 1: on an agreement to pull its troops from Manchuria, Japan

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Speaker 1: decided to attack. So the Russo Japanese War began in

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Speaker 1: nineteen o four when Japan attacked Russian warships at Port

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Speaker 1: our Thre on the Loodong Peninsula in southern Manchuria. The

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Speaker 1: last major battle of the land war was fought in February.

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Speaker 1: In March of nineteen oh five and what was then Mukden, Manchuria,

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Speaker 1: In the Battle of Mukden, Russian forces retreated to northern

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Speaker 1: Manchuria and the Japanese occupied all of Southern Manchuria, but

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Speaker 1: the Battle of Sishima was the fight that secured Japanese

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Speaker 1: dominance in the conflict. The Russian Baltic Fleet, commanded by

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Speaker 1: Admiral Zenovi Rajastinsky, had sailed from Leepia in October nineteen

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Speaker 1: o four. In early May, the fleet reached the China

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Speaker 1: Sea and was headed for Vladivostok, a port city near

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Speaker 1: Russia's borders with China and Korea via the Sishima Strait,

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Speaker 1: but Admiral Togo Hahatio, the commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet,

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Speaker 1: was preparing his fleet for battle on the Korean coast

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Speaker 1: near Poussan. Togo's fleet consisted of four battleships, twenty seven cruisers,

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Speaker 1: and many destroyers and torpedo boats. While Togo's fleet was

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Speaker 1: thoroughly trained and used high explosive shells, the Russians used

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Speaker 1: armor piercing rounds and had a fleet that was largely

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Speaker 1: old and not in the greatest shape. The crews also

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Speaker 1: were not as experienced as the Russians tried to go

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Speaker 1: through the strait. At around four am on May seventh,

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Speaker 1: n oh five, the picket cruiser Shinano Madu sent a

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Speaker 1: wireless message to Togo regarding the fleet's position. Intercepted wireless

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Speaker 1: signals informed the Russians that they have been discovered in

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Speaker 1: that Japanese scouting cruisers were shadowing them. The wireless reports

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Speaker 1: that Japanese scouting vessels sent gave the Japanese an advantage

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Speaker 1: in the foggy conditions. Around one PM, the Japanese spotted

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Speaker 1: the Russians as the battle ensued. Command on the Russian

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Speaker 1: side went to Rear Admiral Nikolai Nivagatov. The next morning,

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Speaker 1: as Togo proceeded to inflict damage on the Russian fleet,

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Speaker 1: Nibogatov signaled a surrender at ten thirty four in the morning.

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Speaker 1: The Japanese continued to sink Russian ships. Through the speed

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Speaker 1: of his fleet and competence of his crews, Toga was

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Speaker 1: able to defeat the Russians. The battle was the only

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Speaker 1: decisive fleet action fought by steel battleships. The Russian fleet

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Speaker 1: was basically destroyed, with twenty one ships sunk, several captured

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Speaker 1: and interned in neutral ports, and three ships escaped to Vladivostok.

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Speaker 1: On the Russian side, four thousand, three hundred and eighty

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Speaker 1: people were killed and five thousand, nine hundred and seventeen

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Speaker 1: were captured. On the Japanese side, three torpedo boats were destroyed,

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Speaker 1: five hundred and eighty three people were wounded, and one

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Speaker 1: hundred and seventeen people were killed. Japan grew in prominence

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Speaker 1: as a naval power, while Russia declined as a naval power.

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Speaker 1: The Japanese victory at Tsushima and political unrest in Russia

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Speaker 1: led to a peace treaty signed in September of nineteen

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Speaker 1: o five that formally ended the Russo Japanese War. In

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Speaker 1: the Treaty of Portsmouth, which was mediated by US President

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Speaker 1: Theodore Roosevelt, Russia recognized Japan as the dominant power in

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Speaker 1: Korea and gave Port Arthur the southern portion of Sakaleine

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Speaker 1: Island and the Loutong Peninsula to Japan. In nineteen o five,

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Speaker 1: the Russian Revolution broke out throughout the Russian Empire and

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Speaker 1: cited by the defeat in the Russo Japanese War and

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Speaker 1: the desire for reform. I'm Eve Jeffcote, and hopefully you

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Speaker 1: know a little more about history today than you did yesterday.

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Speaker 1: And if you haven't gotten your fill of history after

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Speaker 1: listening to today's episode. You can follow us on Twitter, Instagram,

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Speaker 1: and Facebook at t d i h C podcast. Thank

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Speaker 1: you so much for listening, and I hope to see

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Speaker 1: you again tomorrow for more tid bits of history. Hey y'all,

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Speaker 1: I'm Eves and welcome to This Day in History Class,

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Speaker 1: a podcast for people who can't get enough history. The

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Speaker 1: day was nineteen thirty. The Chrysler Building in Manhattan, New York,

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Speaker 1: was completed until the Empire State Building was completed eleven

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Speaker 1: months later. The Chrysler Building was the tallest building in

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Speaker 1: the world. In New York in the nineteen twenties, there

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Speaker 1: was an intense competition to build the tallest skyscraper in

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Speaker 1: the world. Some skyscrapers in the city were designed in

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Speaker 1: the Art Deco style of the period, with bold geometric shapes,

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Speaker 1: dynamic ornamentation, and striking colors. The nies were marked by

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Speaker 1: a growing economy and mass consumerism, and that was reflected

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Speaker 1: in the boom and skyscraper instruction during the decade. There

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Speaker 1: was the Paramount Building, completed in nineteen and the Fuller Building,

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Speaker 1: designed by Walker and Gillette, was completed in ninet Located

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Speaker 1: on Broadway in Manhattan, The Woolworth Building is seven hundred

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Speaker 1: and ninety two ft tall. When it opened in nineteen thirteen,

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Speaker 1: it became the tallest building in the world, but in

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Speaker 1: the late nineteen twenties there were other people buying for

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Speaker 1: that top spot. The Bank of Manhattan Trust Building, now

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Speaker 1: known as forty Wall Street was set to become the

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Speaker 1: tallest building in the world, but ultimately the Chrysler Building

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Speaker 1: would take the title. William H. Reynolds was a real

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Speaker 1: estate developer and a former New York State senator. He

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Speaker 1: had a long term lease on a property at Lexington

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Speaker 1: Avenue and forty two Street. He hired architect William Van

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Speaker 1: Allen to build an office tower called the Reynolds Building

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Speaker 1: at the site. It was supposed to rise to eight

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Speaker 1: hundred and eight feet and be topped with a glass crown.

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Speaker 1: It was also designed to have first floor showroom windows

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Speaker 1: that were tripled in height, as well as glass wrapped

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Speaker 1: corners so that it would look like it was floating,

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Speaker 1: but this design turned out to be too expensive and

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Speaker 1: to advanced for Reynolds. In October of Reynolds sold the

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Speaker 1: project at least to Walter Chrysler, an auto industry executive

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Speaker 1: Chrysler worked with Van Allen on a new design for

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Speaker 1: the building. It would be nine and twenty five ft

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Speaker 1: tall and served as the headquarters of the Chrysler Corporation.

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Speaker 1: That said, the corporation never owned the building, nor did

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Speaker 1: it have anything to do with this construction. Walter Chrysler

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Speaker 1: personally financed the construction of the building so he could

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Speaker 1: pass it on to his children. The building was constructed

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Speaker 1: at an average rate of four floors per week. At

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Speaker 1: the same time, H. Craig Severance, van Allen's former partner,

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Speaker 1: was working on the Bank of Manhattan Trust Building, intending

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Speaker 1: to make it the tallest building in the world. But

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Speaker 1: Van Allen was designing a one eighty five ft spire,

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Speaker 1: which was livered to the building in sections and secretly assembled.

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Speaker 1: In November of nine, the spire was raised into position.

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Speaker 1: Like many other New York skyscrapers, the Chrysler Building was

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Speaker 1: constructed with setbacks, or the ziggarat like steps leading from

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Speaker 1: the broad base of the building to its tower. The

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Speaker 1: first tenants moved into the Chrysler Building in April of

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Speaker 1: nineteen thirty, and on May seven, formal opening ceremonies were held.

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Speaker 1: The seventy seven story building is known for its Art

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Speaker 1: Deco design. The corner ornamentation includes gargoyles, Chrysler radiator caps,

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Speaker 1: and eagles. It also has geometric decorations, and at one

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Speaker 1: point it had an observation deck on the seventy one floor.

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Speaker 1: The building got mixed reviews, with some people praising its

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Speaker 1: modernism and others criticizing it as unoriginal and meaningless. Less

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Speaker 1: than a year after it was built, the Empire State

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Speaker 1: Buildings surpassed the Chrysler Building as the tallest in the world,

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Speaker 1: but it is still the world's tallest still supported brick building.

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Speaker 1: M In ninety six, the building was declared a National

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Speaker 1: Historic Landmark. I'm Eve Jeff Coo and hopefully you know

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Speaker 1: a little more about history today than you did yesterday.

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Speaker 1: And if you have any comments are suggestions, you can

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Speaker 1: send them to us via email at this day at

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Speaker 1: I heeart media dot com. You can also hit us

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Speaker 1: up on social media where at t d I h

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Speaker 1: C podcast on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Thanks so much

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Speaker 1: for listening to the show and we'll see you tomorrow.

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Speaker 1: For more podcasts from My Heart Radio, visit the I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to

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