1 00:00:01,080 --> 00:00:04,480 Speaker 1: Good afternoon, folks, Happy weekend. You ever wanted to know 2 00:00:04,559 --> 00:00:08,280 Speaker 1: how gold works? You're thinking that does gold work? It's 3 00:00:08,320 --> 00:00:10,840 Speaker 1: just gold, It just is. Well, there's a lot more 4 00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:13,000 Speaker 1: that goes into it, and we talk about all the 5 00:00:13,080 --> 00:00:16,759 Speaker 1: history of gold, very very fascinating stuff from February first, 6 00:00:16,760 --> 00:00:24,560 Speaker 1: two thousand thirteen, How Gold Works. Welcome to Stuff you 7 00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:33,680 Speaker 1: Should Know, a production of My Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, 8 00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:36,519 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles 9 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:39,000 Speaker 1: w Chuck Bryant. We're doing this again. It's been a 10 00:00:39,040 --> 00:00:41,080 Speaker 1: little while. It's been a little while, but it's still 11 00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:43,720 Speaker 1: stuff you should know that. I thought the name had 12 00:00:43,800 --> 00:00:47,120 Speaker 1: changed since we took our little Christmas break. Don't you 13 00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:51,640 Speaker 1: remember our race to the patent office, right, trademarket again 14 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:54,120 Speaker 1: at the eleventh hour. Yeah, that was a close one. 15 00:00:54,400 --> 00:00:56,680 Speaker 1: Boom and they stamped it. Yeah, that's y s K. 16 00:00:56,880 --> 00:00:59,400 Speaker 1: Actually they said s N s K right now. Wait, 17 00:01:01,240 --> 00:01:03,360 Speaker 1: s Y s N is what we get from people 18 00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:05,600 Speaker 1: a lot sometimes, and I'm like, you know, no, it 19 00:01:05,640 --> 00:01:10,800 Speaker 1: starts with a K. One of them does one of Yes, 20 00:01:11,840 --> 00:01:15,520 Speaker 1: it's not stuff you should know is because it doesn't 21 00:01:15,560 --> 00:01:18,640 Speaker 1: make any sense. How are you doing Oh, I'm great man. 22 00:01:18,760 --> 00:01:21,600 Speaker 1: Are you okay? Good? Um? You want to do this one? 23 00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:24,320 Speaker 1: We're talking about gold. Yeah, man, I've got a little 24 00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:26,000 Speaker 1: bit of an intro. It might be a stretch. We'll 25 00:01:26,040 --> 00:01:33,039 Speaker 1: find out. Okay, let's here. Today's January. Okay, tomorrow's January 26 00:01:33,480 --> 00:01:36,560 Speaker 1: fig Newton Day. It is Big Newton Day. And also 27 00:01:36,720 --> 00:01:40,640 Speaker 1: on this day in history in the Maya in general, 28 00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:45,640 Speaker 1: fire is born. Uh. Conquered the Mayan city to Call, 29 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:49,560 Speaker 1: which was recently rediscovered, well not recently, it's been rediscovered, 30 00:01:49,600 --> 00:01:53,400 Speaker 1: the rediscovered a new one. Uh. And Uh. What this 31 00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:58,880 Speaker 1: did was it enlarged the kingdom of King spear thrower Owl. 32 00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:03,200 Speaker 1: The Maya's had the best names. That's pretty great name. Um. 33 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:05,600 Speaker 1: And all of this was going on in the heart 34 00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:10,120 Speaker 1: of the Yucatan Peninsula. If you went just a little 35 00:02:10,240 --> 00:02:13,280 Speaker 1: to the north, you would run into another group of 36 00:02:13,360 --> 00:02:18,520 Speaker 1: people called Aztecs, which were actually the Triple Federation, is 37 00:02:18,560 --> 00:02:22,040 Speaker 1: what it's what they're really called. Um. But if you 38 00:02:22,160 --> 00:02:25,520 Speaker 1: were to stumble northward and run into the Aztec Empire 39 00:02:26,040 --> 00:02:29,480 Speaker 1: and ask for gold, what they would give you is 40 00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:33,120 Speaker 1: what they would call excrement of the gods. Do you 41 00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:35,600 Speaker 1: want to try to pronounce it. Yeah, I'm gonna go 42 00:02:35,639 --> 00:02:43,640 Speaker 1: with do. I think that's pretty close. I think you 43 00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:49,400 Speaker 1: may have done it, Chuck. The last part is I 44 00:02:49,440 --> 00:02:51,880 Speaker 1: love that language. It's similar to like the some of 45 00:02:51,919 --> 00:02:54,920 Speaker 1: the native languages we heard in Guatemala. The that's because 46 00:02:54,919 --> 00:02:57,520 Speaker 1: they're mine, yeah, exactly, but it's got that same like, 47 00:02:58,200 --> 00:03:00,160 Speaker 1: I don't know, it's very staccato. It's kind of cool 48 00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:02,800 Speaker 1: to hear, I think, right, like the Mayan city, the 49 00:03:02,919 --> 00:03:08,320 Speaker 1: heart of King, spear thrower, owls um empires, tetoto acton right, 50 00:03:08,600 --> 00:03:13,080 Speaker 1: which sounds pretty close to that word teo quilt, Yeah, 51 00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:15,040 Speaker 1: which means excrement of the gods. And that's what the 52 00:03:15,240 --> 00:03:20,280 Speaker 1: the Aztecs considered gold. It was a holy metal, a 53 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:22,800 Speaker 1: very very precious metal in every sense of the word. 54 00:03:23,360 --> 00:03:26,919 Speaker 1: And by three sev a d. They weren't the only 55 00:03:26,960 --> 00:03:31,079 Speaker 1: ones to have loved gold for a very long time. No, 56 00:03:31,520 --> 00:03:35,480 Speaker 1: Egyptians were all over it. They thought it was also divine. Wait, 57 00:03:35,480 --> 00:03:39,120 Speaker 1: hold on, how would you rate that intro? I would 58 00:03:39,120 --> 00:03:41,360 Speaker 1: say that was on a scale of what one to ten, 59 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:45,360 Speaker 1: I still one to one to twenty. I would give 60 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:49,960 Speaker 1: it a solid like sixteen. Wow, thanks, Chuck, higher than 61 00:03:49,960 --> 00:03:51,720 Speaker 1: you thought, way higher. I thought I was going to 62 00:03:51,800 --> 00:03:54,360 Speaker 1: get a ten. That's why I extended it twenty. No, no, 63 00:03:54,360 --> 00:03:57,480 Speaker 1: no um. So the Egyptians, like I said, they also 64 00:03:57,520 --> 00:04:01,440 Speaker 1: thought it was divine of the gods, indestructive and uh 65 00:04:01,480 --> 00:04:05,280 Speaker 1: they called it uh, I guess Nube and ub And 66 00:04:05,440 --> 00:04:08,720 Speaker 1: if you know of the African region in Northeast Africa Nubia, 67 00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:11,480 Speaker 1: or if you're a fan of the rap group Brand Nubians, 68 00:04:12,360 --> 00:04:15,440 Speaker 1: sure you would haven't heard of this. I was actually yeah, 69 00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:17,880 Speaker 1: yeah they were, and um that that that name so 70 00:04:17,920 --> 00:04:21,120 Speaker 1: holds today because of the original original Egyptian word for 71 00:04:21,160 --> 00:04:25,839 Speaker 1: gold and um. Africa, of course, has always been a 72 00:04:25,880 --> 00:04:28,280 Speaker 1: major supplier of this stuff. Yeah. One of the first well, 73 00:04:28,360 --> 00:04:31,320 Speaker 1: Nubia was I guess, yeah, like the first heavily mined 74 00:04:31,560 --> 00:04:35,279 Speaker 1: area for gold um. And then on the periodic table, 75 00:04:35,839 --> 00:04:39,920 Speaker 1: the shorthand for gold is a U, which I've never 76 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:43,880 Speaker 1: understood until I realized that it's Latin, which makes a 77 00:04:43,880 --> 00:04:46,920 Speaker 1: lot of sense. I thought it would be g O, right, right, 78 00:04:47,200 --> 00:04:49,520 Speaker 1: you had something like that. No, No, we had to 79 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:53,440 Speaker 1: go with the Latin or um, which means um shining dawn. 80 00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:56,599 Speaker 1: That's nice. Yeah, And we said all this to say 81 00:04:56,600 --> 00:05:00,000 Speaker 1: that people have loved gold for a very very, very 82 00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:03,120 Speaker 1: very long time. Can I drop one of the stats 83 00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:04,599 Speaker 1: of the show for me? Right when I saw this, 84 00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:06,280 Speaker 1: I was like just gonna say this is this is 85 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:08,119 Speaker 1: the fact. I think it's pretty good. I told Emily 86 00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:10,160 Speaker 1: this last night, and she was not as impressed as 87 00:05:10,279 --> 00:05:14,120 Speaker 1: I would hope she would have been. Um forever and ever, 88 00:05:14,360 --> 00:05:17,159 Speaker 1: all the gold we've ever mined from the beginning of 89 00:05:17,200 --> 00:05:20,880 Speaker 1: time is only a hundred and sixty one thousand tons, yeah, 90 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:23,560 Speaker 1: which sounds like a lot. Yeah, that's a lot of gold, 91 00:05:23,680 --> 00:05:26,320 Speaker 1: right for all of time. That's not a lot of gold. 92 00:05:26,640 --> 00:05:30,680 Speaker 1: They compare it to something like aluminium. We we get 93 00:05:30,720 --> 00:05:34,240 Speaker 1: a five point six million tons a year in the 94 00:05:34,320 --> 00:05:38,000 Speaker 1: United States alone of aluminum. And again, a hundred and 95 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:40,680 Speaker 1: sixty one thousand tons of gold is all that's ever 96 00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:44,200 Speaker 1: been mined. Yeah. And the secondary stat that comes later, 97 00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:47,160 Speaker 1: which I'll go ahead and ruin now, is that of 98 00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:51,000 Speaker 1: all the gold we've ever found is still around, we've 99 00:05:51,040 --> 00:05:54,359 Speaker 1: only lost or cannot account for fifteen percent of the 100 00:05:54,360 --> 00:05:56,680 Speaker 1: gold since the beginning of time. It's pretty good. Well, 101 00:05:56,760 --> 00:05:59,200 Speaker 1: it is pretty good. And it suggests two things that 102 00:05:59,240 --> 00:06:03,359 Speaker 1: William Harris points out. One UM that means that if 103 00:06:03,440 --> 00:06:05,520 Speaker 1: you are wearing a piece of gold jewelry, it may 104 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:08,480 Speaker 1: have belonged to somebody else a very very long time ago. 105 00:06:09,400 --> 00:06:13,120 Speaker 1: Uh And two, where exactly did they get that? Where 106 00:06:13,120 --> 00:06:16,360 Speaker 1: are they getting these like um gold masks and headpieces 107 00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:19,040 Speaker 1: and stuff of ancient time and then melting them down 108 00:06:19,040 --> 00:06:21,479 Speaker 1: and reselling them? Yeah? I don't know. I mean it's 109 00:06:21,480 --> 00:06:24,159 Speaker 1: efficient and it's good because gold is really bad for 110 00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:26,880 Speaker 1: the environment, as we'll see you later on. But it's 111 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:29,720 Speaker 1: really recyclable though. Yeah, it makes you it makes me wonder, like, 112 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:33,320 Speaker 1: how are they acquiring that? Yeah? What is your wedding ring? Sir? 113 00:06:34,320 --> 00:06:37,560 Speaker 1: My wedding ring is platinum? Platinum. It's lovely, isn't it. 114 00:06:37,560 --> 00:06:42,440 Speaker 1: It's very nice? What did yours? Oh? Minus, I think titanium. 115 00:06:42,480 --> 00:06:45,760 Speaker 1: It's very cheap. It's like take too though with that 116 00:06:45,839 --> 00:06:47,400 Speaker 1: I could. And this is actually my second one. I 117 00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:50,120 Speaker 1: lost my first one and inside of a turtle, inside 118 00:06:50,120 --> 00:06:51,560 Speaker 1: of a turtle. I have no idea where it is. 119 00:06:51,600 --> 00:06:54,760 Speaker 1: Maybe it's inside of a turtle. But I luckily I 120 00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:56,599 Speaker 1: like had the old email and I just sent like 121 00:06:56,640 --> 00:06:59,520 Speaker 1: the same order for the same ring, and boom, I'm 122 00:06:59,520 --> 00:07:02,320 Speaker 1: married all over again the second time. Did you guys 123 00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:05,400 Speaker 1: have another mini ceremony. He's just like you need to 124 00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:09,320 Speaker 1: buy another damn ring. Yeah alright, So, um, that's a 125 00:07:09,360 --> 00:07:11,800 Speaker 1: lot of gold stats. And as we've been trying to 126 00:07:12,040 --> 00:07:16,040 Speaker 1: um hammer out people of like gold for a really 127 00:07:16,080 --> 00:07:18,000 Speaker 1: long time, let's talk about the history of gold show. 128 00:07:18,280 --> 00:07:21,760 Speaker 1: Speaking of hammering out, though I knew one more cool 129 00:07:21,760 --> 00:07:26,360 Speaker 1: little fact gold. One ounce of gold. One ounce of 130 00:07:26,360 --> 00:07:30,160 Speaker 1: gold can be drawn out into a fifty mile wire 131 00:07:30,440 --> 00:07:33,520 Speaker 1: or hammered into a sheet five millions of an inch thick. 132 00:07:34,160 --> 00:07:37,000 Speaker 1: So it's really well, we'll get to all this, but 133 00:07:37,040 --> 00:07:40,000 Speaker 1: it's it's not only, you know, a beautiful thing for jewelry, 134 00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:43,560 Speaker 1: but it's super handy and malleable and chemically and nert 135 00:07:43,600 --> 00:07:45,160 Speaker 1: and like all these great things you can do with 136 00:07:45,240 --> 00:07:47,600 Speaker 1: gold because of its property. It also makes it kind 137 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:50,520 Speaker 1: of ironic that the Egyptian is considered it indestructible because 138 00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:53,600 Speaker 1: one of the more malleable medals around. It's so malleable 139 00:07:53,640 --> 00:07:56,720 Speaker 1: that it has like almost no practical purposes as far 140 00:07:56,760 --> 00:07:59,360 Speaker 1: as like hammering things go, Like you make a gold hammer, 141 00:07:59,480 --> 00:08:03,880 Speaker 1: you're dumb, you know. Yeah, alright, so element number seventy nine, 142 00:08:03,960 --> 00:08:07,360 Speaker 1: let's let's get in it Okay, so uh gold again. 143 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:11,360 Speaker 1: Uh was people go back to the Egyptians because they 144 00:08:11,360 --> 00:08:13,800 Speaker 1: were the first ones to have like gold fever. But 145 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:18,720 Speaker 1: we've actually found evidence of gold being um smithed i 146 00:08:18,760 --> 00:08:22,840 Speaker 1: guess um during the transition from the Stone Age, the 147 00:08:22,840 --> 00:08:25,960 Speaker 1: Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age, which is the first 148 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:29,960 Speaker 1: metal age before Bronze even right, some some places that 149 00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:33,960 Speaker 1: had easy access to gold, like Bulgaria, I believe in 150 00:08:34,040 --> 00:08:38,920 Speaker 1: a four thousand BC. Um, we're already working with gold 151 00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:42,480 Speaker 1: long before the Egyptians ever got their hands on it. Yeah. 152 00:08:42,520 --> 00:08:45,640 Speaker 1: And the Egyptians, um, like you said, they really had 153 00:08:45,640 --> 00:08:48,760 Speaker 1: an appetite for the stuff um hira glyps as early 154 00:08:48,800 --> 00:08:53,600 Speaker 1: as gold, and by b C they were it was 155 00:08:53,679 --> 00:08:58,000 Speaker 1: like currency basically. Yeah in Egypt, well yeah, very much so, 156 00:08:58,120 --> 00:09:00,959 Speaker 1: Um it was not the I don't know if do 157 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:06,360 Speaker 1: they actually minted is for is currency? Uh the Egyptians, Yeah, 158 00:09:06,640 --> 00:09:08,679 Speaker 1: I don't know if they minted it. I don't think 159 00:09:08,679 --> 00:09:13,640 Speaker 1: the minting came until the Greeks and Romans. Actually King Crosius, 160 00:09:14,600 --> 00:09:17,600 Speaker 1: the ruler of ancient Lydia, which is a low civilization, 161 00:09:17,720 --> 00:09:20,960 Speaker 1: really he was the first to mint in mint gold 162 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:26,280 Speaker 1: currencies gold coins um in widespread use in sixty b C. 163 00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:29,920 Speaker 1: But it was the Greeks and then the Romans that 164 00:09:30,040 --> 00:09:33,640 Speaker 1: really started to to mint about a hundred years later though. Yeah, 165 00:09:33,800 --> 00:09:36,800 Speaker 1: so that's that's a pretty nice jump on things he got. Yeah, 166 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:39,160 Speaker 1: he was like, hey, I like the look at this stuff. 167 00:09:39,200 --> 00:09:41,160 Speaker 1: I'm gonna put my face on it exactly, and you 168 00:09:41,200 --> 00:09:43,679 Speaker 1: guys are going to use it. Yeah. By five fifty 169 00:09:43,720 --> 00:09:48,040 Speaker 1: the Greeks were doing it, uh, and then um, the 170 00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:52,160 Speaker 1: Romans of course, with their more sophisticated ways, followed suit. 171 00:09:52,360 --> 00:09:55,760 Speaker 1: The orious coins they were called, Yeah, they produced millions 172 00:09:55,760 --> 00:09:57,440 Speaker 1: of them. Those are the ones that they find, like 173 00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:01,160 Speaker 1: to some farmer and like Devon Shy in England will 174 00:10:01,160 --> 00:10:03,480 Speaker 1: still find we'll dig up like a chest filled with 175 00:10:03,520 --> 00:10:07,840 Speaker 1: these things. Yeah, Because the Romans were everywhere they were 176 00:10:07,960 --> 00:10:10,520 Speaker 1: and they minted a lot of these coins. So as 177 00:10:10,559 --> 00:10:13,240 Speaker 1: they're doing this, the same thing is going on about 178 00:10:13,320 --> 00:10:15,600 Speaker 1: the same time in South America because they have a 179 00:10:15,600 --> 00:10:18,400 Speaker 1: lot of gold there as well. And what's it called 180 00:10:18,440 --> 00:10:21,400 Speaker 1: the Middle Skon Era. Yeah, I couldn't tell if it 181 00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:25,600 Speaker 1: was Cicon or Cissan. I bet at Cissan Sisson, I 182 00:10:25,640 --> 00:10:29,000 Speaker 1: bet it's not. Um a D nine to eleven hundred 183 00:10:29,280 --> 00:10:33,120 Speaker 1: and this is modern day Peru. They there has been, 184 00:10:33,520 --> 00:10:35,839 Speaker 1: there's been a lot of gold artifacts found in their region. 185 00:10:35,880 --> 00:10:39,160 Speaker 1: So they were usually like crazy for sure. The Peruvians 186 00:10:39,160 --> 00:10:44,040 Speaker 1: were crazy about the inca like masks, ornaments, chalices, stuff, 187 00:10:44,080 --> 00:10:47,000 Speaker 1: and their specialty was hammering gold into sheets and like 188 00:10:47,040 --> 00:10:50,880 Speaker 1: wrapping stuff in it, like creating gold leaf. Interesting. Yeah, 189 00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:53,599 Speaker 1: they were pretty good at that kind of thing. Um. 190 00:10:53,679 --> 00:10:58,120 Speaker 1: And then you know there's already a certain amount of 191 00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:02,439 Speaker 1: gold fever over in Europe. Yeah. I think the the 192 00:11:02,440 --> 00:11:07,280 Speaker 1: English minted their first gold coin in the mid century, 193 00:11:07,920 --> 00:11:13,120 Speaker 1: the same with the um Florentine du get. Those were 194 00:11:13,160 --> 00:11:15,280 Speaker 1: both about the middle of the thirteenth century. That's a 195 00:11:15,280 --> 00:11:21,719 Speaker 1: popular coin, it was still is is it among collectors? Sure? Um, 196 00:11:21,880 --> 00:11:24,160 Speaker 1: so there was. People in Europe were exposed to gold. 197 00:11:24,160 --> 00:11:27,400 Speaker 1: They like gold, They wanted gold. Over in Central and 198 00:11:27,400 --> 00:11:30,640 Speaker 1: South America, Over in Asia they also had a thing 199 00:11:30,679 --> 00:11:33,760 Speaker 1: for gold. But the Europeans were one of the first 200 00:11:33,800 --> 00:11:36,480 Speaker 1: to say, hey, let's see where the edge of the 201 00:11:36,559 --> 00:11:38,480 Speaker 1: earth is and if there's gold there. And one of 202 00:11:38,520 --> 00:11:41,640 Speaker 1: the first people to do that was Marco Polo. And strangely, 203 00:11:41,720 --> 00:11:43,920 Speaker 1: a lot of people hate Christopher Columbus or think he 204 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:47,200 Speaker 1: was one of the more evil characters in history. Possibly 205 00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:54,000 Speaker 1: rightfully so. Um, but you can actually trace the infection 206 00:11:54,400 --> 00:11:59,160 Speaker 1: that Columbus released literally and metaphorically back to Marco Polo, 207 00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:02,439 Speaker 1: because only it was evidence that Marco Polo directly inspired 208 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:06,800 Speaker 1: Christopher Columbus to set sail in search of gold. Yeah. 209 00:12:07,160 --> 00:12:09,480 Speaker 1: Growing up in history class, you always learned about the 210 00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:11,920 Speaker 1: great explorers, and the more you learn about it, like 211 00:12:11,960 --> 00:12:13,640 Speaker 1: the real histories, as you get older, the more you 212 00:12:13,720 --> 00:12:16,640 Speaker 1: learn that many times they weren't just sailing upon the 213 00:12:16,640 --> 00:12:20,679 Speaker 1: shore with like a bouquet of flowers to deliver most 214 00:12:20,679 --> 00:12:22,000 Speaker 1: of the time. I would say, you know, it was 215 00:12:22,080 --> 00:12:26,600 Speaker 1: usually and they were in conquer mode. Uh, for one reason, 216 00:12:26,679 --> 00:12:30,880 Speaker 1: to spread Christianity, as the Spaniards really wanted to do. Yeah, 217 00:12:30,920 --> 00:12:33,520 Speaker 1: that was the cover story, the cover story. But King 218 00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:38,240 Speaker 1: Ferdinand in fifteen eleven also sent word quote while you're there. 219 00:12:38,920 --> 00:12:42,640 Speaker 1: Well I added that part while you're there then start 220 00:12:42,720 --> 00:12:46,199 Speaker 1: quote get gold humanly if you can, but by but 221 00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:49,640 Speaker 1: at all hazards get the gold. So I mean that 222 00:12:49,720 --> 00:12:52,880 Speaker 1: was definitely a charge in thanks to the travels of 223 00:12:52,880 --> 00:12:55,360 Speaker 1: Marco Polo, the book that he wrote where he talked 224 00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:58,959 Speaker 1: about palaces of silver and gold. Uh, you know, people 225 00:12:58,960 --> 00:13:00,640 Speaker 1: thought it was just like this. Treets were lined with 226 00:13:00,679 --> 00:13:03,640 Speaker 1: this stuff in the world. And I mean imagine though, 227 00:13:03,640 --> 00:13:06,960 Speaker 1: if you were one of the conquistadors who started sailing 228 00:13:07,160 --> 00:13:11,720 Speaker 1: um west and you ran into the Maya or the 229 00:13:11,760 --> 00:13:15,400 Speaker 1: Aztecs or the Inca, and you saw that they had 230 00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:17,520 Speaker 1: all this gold, you would think, well, this is all 231 00:13:17,880 --> 00:13:22,040 Speaker 1: very much true in this place, gold city, So let's 232 00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:24,520 Speaker 1: kill all these people and take their gold. And there 233 00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:28,680 Speaker 1: was actually a famed gold city, El Dorado. What they're 234 00:13:28,679 --> 00:13:31,520 Speaker 1: all looking for exactly like everyone was looking for Eldorado. 235 00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:34,920 Speaker 1: And apparently every time a conquistador would find a significant 236 00:13:35,280 --> 00:13:38,439 Speaker 1: seam of gold, they found El Dorado, and everybody else 237 00:13:38,440 --> 00:13:40,880 Speaker 1: would come and it become like a boom area. But 238 00:13:40,960 --> 00:13:43,520 Speaker 1: of course it was a mythical city, right, Yeah, it 239 00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:46,240 Speaker 1: was just like legend. Yeah, and probably the closest thing 240 00:13:46,320 --> 00:13:49,880 Speaker 1: to it, obviously not a city built of gold. The 241 00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:53,040 Speaker 1: closest thing to it. It was in Brazil, in the 242 00:13:53,040 --> 00:13:59,440 Speaker 1: Minat Gurai region, Minas Gerais. That looks good, freaky Gervais. Oh, 243 00:13:59,480 --> 00:14:02,280 Speaker 1: we've been doing it's like five years in Our pronunciation 244 00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:06,640 Speaker 1: is maybe even worse rather than better. Actually, we have 245 00:14:06,640 --> 00:14:08,880 Speaker 1: a listener mail today where someone lauds us just for 246 00:14:09,040 --> 00:14:12,040 Speaker 1: taking a chance and being willing to be creative. Corrected, 247 00:14:12,080 --> 00:14:14,040 Speaker 1: thank you, I'm glad to hear that. I'll read that 248 00:14:14,040 --> 00:14:15,840 Speaker 1: one at the end of this one. Yeah, that was 249 00:14:15,840 --> 00:14:19,360 Speaker 1: invent in Brazil, and uh, there was a lot of 250 00:14:19,360 --> 00:14:22,120 Speaker 1: gold there and they were the largest gold producer by sea. 251 00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:26,200 Speaker 1: Twenty years. They became the world's largest gold producer because 252 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:29,120 Speaker 1: of this area, using of course slave labor painting for 253 00:14:29,160 --> 00:14:33,360 Speaker 1: gold in sort of rudim entry ways. It's not good. No, 254 00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:55,320 Speaker 1: we're not too far removed from that now. No, so 255 00:14:55,400 --> 00:15:01,000 Speaker 1: onto America, North America, California. The the gold rush, Like 256 00:15:01,080 --> 00:15:05,040 Speaker 1: the point here is is the gold has rewritten history 257 00:15:05,120 --> 00:15:08,360 Speaker 1: and how we form societies because of the search for gold. Yeah, 258 00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:11,320 Speaker 1: it's like spread people out over the world and intermixed 259 00:15:11,360 --> 00:15:13,960 Speaker 1: and inter intermarried and inter did it. And you know, 260 00:15:14,480 --> 00:15:18,280 Speaker 1: like we have entire groups of people ethnicities who are 261 00:15:18,280 --> 00:15:22,680 Speaker 1: the result of gold the gold rushes. Yeah. Um, California 262 00:15:23,160 --> 00:15:27,840 Speaker 1: gets a lot of press obviously because by the end 263 00:15:27,920 --> 00:15:30,560 Speaker 1: of the first year of the gold rush, afterwards discovered 264 00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:33,880 Speaker 1: in eighty five thousand people were mining there. By the 265 00:15:33,960 --> 00:15:36,560 Speaker 1: end of the second year, forty people were mining there. 266 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:40,960 Speaker 1: But North Carolina actually was the first American gold rush. Yeah, 267 00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:43,960 Speaker 1: And like you're saying, California gets all the all the attention. 268 00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:47,880 Speaker 1: San Francisco forty Niners are named after the gold rush. Um. 269 00:15:47,920 --> 00:15:50,200 Speaker 1: There was that great Scooby Doo episode with the minor 270 00:15:50,240 --> 00:15:53,720 Speaker 1: forty Niner remember him, Yes, a scary guy. Yeah. When 271 00:15:53,720 --> 00:15:55,800 Speaker 1: you think of gold rush, you think of California, or 272 00:15:55,880 --> 00:15:59,080 Speaker 1: I also think of Delonaga. Yeah it was Gei. Yeah, 273 00:15:59,080 --> 00:16:00,520 Speaker 1: he was the mayor of del on Goo was the 274 00:16:00,560 --> 00:16:03,000 Speaker 1: one who said there's gold and then our hills. Oh 275 00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:05,200 Speaker 1: really yeah, it was the mayor of Delanica. I had 276 00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:07,880 Speaker 1: no idea. There was todd something. I think. Have you 277 00:16:07,880 --> 00:16:10,280 Speaker 1: ever panned up there in Delana Huh? I did that 278 00:16:10,320 --> 00:16:13,080 Speaker 1: when I was a kid. And you know, it's fun 279 00:16:13,120 --> 00:16:15,360 Speaker 1: if you're a little kid, right, you think you're gonna 280 00:16:15,400 --> 00:16:17,560 Speaker 1: find a little gold flak and it would be rich. 281 00:16:17,880 --> 00:16:20,400 Speaker 1: Or you just might find a little gold flak and 282 00:16:20,440 --> 00:16:22,480 Speaker 1: if you do, you won't be rich. Yeah, you're going 283 00:16:22,520 --> 00:16:26,040 Speaker 1: to find it doesn't buy you virtually anything. But you 284 00:16:26,080 --> 00:16:28,920 Speaker 1: were saying North Carolina doesn't usually get much attention, and 285 00:16:28,960 --> 00:16:31,760 Speaker 1: that was the first gold rush. Yeah, up until the 286 00:16:31,760 --> 00:16:34,960 Speaker 1: eighteen thirties. In fact, um, they supplied all of the 287 00:16:35,040 --> 00:16:37,760 Speaker 1: domestic gold that was coined here at the U S 288 00:16:37,800 --> 00:16:41,040 Speaker 1: Mint in Philly came from North Carolina or North Kakaaki 289 00:16:41,160 --> 00:16:42,720 Speaker 1: as we like to call it. Who calls it that? 290 00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:46,160 Speaker 1: You never called it that? Uh? Have you ever heard 291 00:16:46,160 --> 00:16:49,680 Speaker 1: it called that? I have. There's a tribe called quest Song. 292 00:16:49,880 --> 00:16:52,880 Speaker 1: Oh really, I can't remember what it is, but somebody 293 00:16:52,960 --> 00:16:57,160 Speaker 1: calls it North Kakillaka and Compton check a check it out. No, 294 00:16:57,240 --> 00:17:00,640 Speaker 1: I didn't make that up. Well I just ran you 295 00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:07,000 Speaker 1: did your j tip so uh yeah, we talked about 296 00:17:07,080 --> 00:17:09,600 Speaker 1: the gold rushes in the US. There was also a 297 00:17:09,640 --> 00:17:12,399 Speaker 1: big one in oz. Yeah, we can't leave out our 298 00:17:12,400 --> 00:17:16,320 Speaker 1: Ozzie mates. No, um, hello Australia. Yeah, they're like we 299 00:17:16,440 --> 00:17:19,560 Speaker 1: got tons of gold. They're like it's so hot. I 300 00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:21,159 Speaker 1: watched Mad Max the other day, by the way, all 301 00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:26,160 Speaker 1: the way through the original it was and it was, um, 302 00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:28,600 Speaker 1: I don't know. Road Warrior got most of the attention 303 00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:30,960 Speaker 1: because it was bigger and more of an action adventure, 304 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:34,760 Speaker 1: but Mad Max was a really dark kind of revenge 305 00:17:34,760 --> 00:17:39,200 Speaker 1: ee exploitation movie. Yeah, it was really good ozploitation. Osploitation. 306 00:17:39,560 --> 00:17:42,520 Speaker 1: So was that the one where the guys in the 307 00:17:42,560 --> 00:17:46,199 Speaker 1: personal helicopters, that road Warrior Mad Max. That's road Warrior. 308 00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:49,320 Speaker 1: I don't think I've seen Max. Then. It's like I 309 00:17:49,320 --> 00:17:51,600 Speaker 1: mean it was when Mel Gibson was still a cop 310 00:17:52,240 --> 00:17:55,400 Speaker 1: and he was you know, there was this biker gang 311 00:17:55,520 --> 00:17:56,840 Speaker 1: led by the toe Cutter and you know what it 312 00:17:56,880 --> 00:18:00,439 Speaker 1: was something cool, you know, justin my friend. Yeah, his 313 00:18:00,680 --> 00:18:04,199 Speaker 1: uncle is that was the toe cutter in Mad Max. 314 00:18:04,520 --> 00:18:07,840 Speaker 1: Wow is uh? Man, I can't remember his name now, uncle, 315 00:18:07,920 --> 00:18:11,479 Speaker 1: Uncle toe Cutter. I didn't call him that, that's what 316 00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:13,919 Speaker 1: it saysn't as Christmas talking. Oh, I can know. He 317 00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:17,800 Speaker 1: just sends toes every year in a little guard. Oh man, 318 00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:21,960 Speaker 1: I can't remember his name now, Uncle. Yeah, Uncle toe Cutter. 319 00:18:22,080 --> 00:18:24,840 Speaker 1: I think that's the better day. Yeah, it's pretty cool. Yeah. 320 00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:29,600 Speaker 1: So Australia has this huge gold rush um in the 321 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:36,720 Speaker 1: what eighteen fifties, Yes, Edward Ham and Hargraves found golden 322 00:18:36,720 --> 00:18:40,160 Speaker 1: New South Wales Bam gold brush. A few years later, 323 00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:44,240 Speaker 1: South Africa steps onto the scene eighteen sixty eight. George Harrison, 324 00:18:45,040 --> 00:18:49,680 Speaker 1: he uncovered gold in South Africa and what how many 325 00:18:49,720 --> 00:18:52,639 Speaker 1: contributions has that man made humanity? In his hundred and 326 00:18:52,640 --> 00:18:56,560 Speaker 1: sixty years. I mean he wrote here comes the Sun. 327 00:18:56,760 --> 00:19:00,320 Speaker 1: He discovered gold like a hundred years before he was born. Yeah, 328 00:19:00,600 --> 00:19:02,959 Speaker 1: not a hundred, but hundred us for he was famous 329 00:19:03,119 --> 00:19:05,760 Speaker 1: right about the same time, about a full century. But 330 00:19:06,040 --> 00:19:08,639 Speaker 1: down South Africa is the leading gold producer in the world. 331 00:19:09,560 --> 00:19:14,320 Speaker 1: Oh today it is, oh wow, followed by the United States. 332 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:16,920 Speaker 1: In the United States, Nevada is the number one gold 333 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:21,679 Speaker 1: producer these days. You mean Nevada, Nevada. All right, So 334 00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:25,280 Speaker 1: let's talk about how you get gold onto your finger. 335 00:19:26,119 --> 00:19:29,920 Speaker 1: It's not as easy as you would think, but it's well, 336 00:19:29,920 --> 00:19:32,400 Speaker 1: it's at times rudimentary and at times a little more sophisticated. 337 00:19:32,440 --> 00:19:36,160 Speaker 1: The whole process. Yeah, and it complex to say the least. Yeah, 338 00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:39,760 Speaker 1: I mean, like it really shows how much we want gold. Yeah. 339 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:42,080 Speaker 1: It's sort of like fracking in a way to the 340 00:19:42,320 --> 00:19:45,960 Speaker 1: one method. Yeah, alright, So what you gotta do there's different. 341 00:19:46,040 --> 00:19:49,320 Speaker 1: You gotta start by prospecting, which is the act of 342 00:19:49,400 --> 00:19:51,679 Speaker 1: looking for gold, right, and that's what you would call 343 00:19:51,760 --> 00:19:54,080 Speaker 1: an old grizzled dude with the pack mule up in 344 00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:57,359 Speaker 1: the hills in California prospect or. Yeah, that's what you 345 00:19:57,400 --> 00:20:01,200 Speaker 1: call a geologists who finds gold today to still called prospectors, 346 00:20:01,280 --> 00:20:03,040 Speaker 1: and I guess the idea is that, what are the 347 00:20:03,080 --> 00:20:05,200 Speaker 1: prospects for finding gold. I'm sure that's where it came from, 348 00:20:05,320 --> 00:20:07,720 Speaker 1: right maybe so their prospecting. That makes a lot of sense. 349 00:20:07,760 --> 00:20:10,640 Speaker 1: I've never thought about that. So back in the day, 350 00:20:10,880 --> 00:20:14,359 Speaker 1: there was a lot of luck involved, uh, looking around 351 00:20:14,359 --> 00:20:16,760 Speaker 1: for it basically where you think it might be. These 352 00:20:16,840 --> 00:20:21,560 Speaker 1: days it is way more precise. Um, they have equipment 353 00:20:21,560 --> 00:20:24,440 Speaker 1: that can tell you if there is likely gold there 354 00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:28,040 Speaker 1: and then well here's the thing is there's gold everywhere, 355 00:20:28,440 --> 00:20:32,320 Speaker 1: but it's just not concentrated enough to be worth mining. Yeah, 356 00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:35,399 Speaker 1: that's an excellent point. In most cases it's invisible, but 357 00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:39,200 Speaker 1: it's still present in the soil. Isn't it crazy? Invisible 358 00:20:39,200 --> 00:20:42,800 Speaker 1: gold in dirt and rocks? Yeah, or it's in gold Schlagger. 359 00:20:43,040 --> 00:20:45,960 Speaker 1: That's crazy too. It's like they're just throwing it away, 360 00:20:46,200 --> 00:20:49,080 Speaker 1: throwing away. You're drinking it for a premium price. That's crazy. 361 00:20:49,160 --> 00:20:54,960 Speaker 1: That's gross. That was like a college thing. Oh yeah, slager, yegger, 362 00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:58,840 Speaker 1: maister anything that sounded like vaguely Germanic. That was a 363 00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:05,080 Speaker 1: college thing, maister brow. Um, So where they find gold 364 00:21:05,080 --> 00:21:08,359 Speaker 1: and the heaviest concentration is when they will say, all right, 365 00:21:08,400 --> 00:21:11,600 Speaker 1: you know what it's worth setting up a mining operation here. Um, 366 00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:15,280 Speaker 1: there may be other metals there, like silver, which is great. Yeah. 367 00:21:15,280 --> 00:21:17,879 Speaker 1: A lot of times gold is combined with silver in 368 00:21:17,880 --> 00:21:20,960 Speaker 1: an ore, which I'm sure you're just like, okay, great, 369 00:21:21,119 --> 00:21:24,200 Speaker 1: that's fine with me. That's twice the value, right, well, 370 00:21:24,280 --> 00:21:26,960 Speaker 1: not twice the value, but one in three quarters times 371 00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:28,680 Speaker 1: of valid. I don't know, we could figure it out. 372 00:21:29,440 --> 00:21:33,119 Speaker 1: So they drill down to obtain samples, UM, analyze it, 373 00:21:33,480 --> 00:21:36,000 Speaker 1: see if there's enough gold. If there is, they're going 374 00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:37,879 Speaker 1: to set up a mining operation there. Right, there's not, 375 00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:39,960 Speaker 1: They're going to move on and look at another place 376 00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:41,680 Speaker 1: that they think they might have a lot of gold. Yeah. 377 00:21:41,880 --> 00:21:45,000 Speaker 1: And then depending on how the gold is present in 378 00:21:45,040 --> 00:21:47,800 Speaker 1: the area. UM, there's basically two ways. One is the 379 00:21:47,880 --> 00:21:50,840 Speaker 1: load a load deposit, which is it's combined with rock 380 00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:53,960 Speaker 1: or or and it's UM. It can be at the 381 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:58,320 Speaker 1: surface or underground. UM. And with a load deposit, basically 382 00:21:58,320 --> 00:22:00,480 Speaker 1: you just want to blow things up when you find 383 00:22:00,560 --> 00:22:03,160 Speaker 1: gold like that. If it's at the surface, you're gonna 384 00:22:03,240 --> 00:22:05,879 Speaker 1: use what's called an open pit method, which is basically 385 00:22:06,040 --> 00:22:08,280 Speaker 1: just drill a bunch of holes into the ore the 386 00:22:08,359 --> 00:22:11,480 Speaker 1: gold ore, put some explosives in there and blow it 387 00:22:11,560 --> 00:22:14,080 Speaker 1: up and then haul the ore out. Yeah. I mean 388 00:22:14,119 --> 00:22:16,640 Speaker 1: your goal here is just to make I mean, if 389 00:22:16,640 --> 00:22:19,240 Speaker 1: they could load up that huge boulder and take it 390 00:22:19,280 --> 00:22:21,600 Speaker 1: and do it need or somewhere else, they might, but 391 00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:26,200 Speaker 1: they're just trying to make smaller rocks. Excellent point for transport. Yeah. Um. 392 00:22:26,320 --> 00:22:29,560 Speaker 1: And then if it's underground, if the load is underground, 393 00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:32,080 Speaker 1: they'll dig a shaft down to it and add it. 394 00:22:32,960 --> 00:22:35,199 Speaker 1: They go down to it, and this is a big shaft. 395 00:22:35,359 --> 00:22:38,280 Speaker 1: I'm sure they go down to it and drill holes 396 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:40,720 Speaker 1: all the way through that ore rock um, and those 397 00:22:40,720 --> 00:22:43,080 Speaker 1: holes are called stops. Then they pack those full of 398 00:22:43,119 --> 00:22:45,359 Speaker 1: explosives and blow it up. So it's basically like the 399 00:22:45,440 --> 00:22:48,560 Speaker 1: open pit method, but underground because then they just truck 400 00:22:48,640 --> 00:22:53,119 Speaker 1: that or out and off to the um extractor. That's right. 401 00:22:53,359 --> 00:22:56,400 Speaker 1: If you're in Dlonaga, Georgia, or maybe at a river 402 00:22:56,480 --> 00:23:01,560 Speaker 1: and Utah, why not why not give a utash shout out. 403 00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:04,240 Speaker 1: You might look for something called a placer deposit, and 404 00:23:04,240 --> 00:23:06,840 Speaker 1: that is when you find the loose gold um in 405 00:23:06,880 --> 00:23:09,280 Speaker 1: a stream bed. You know, the little flakes or the 406 00:23:09,320 --> 00:23:12,040 Speaker 1: little chunks of little nuggets in a mountain stream or 407 00:23:12,040 --> 00:23:15,480 Speaker 1: a beach, and uh, this is where you would pan 408 00:23:15,640 --> 00:23:17,040 Speaker 1: and you you know, you scoop it up in a 409 00:23:17,080 --> 00:23:20,640 Speaker 1: pan and you shake it in the yeah, a lot 410 00:23:20,640 --> 00:23:23,360 Speaker 1: of water because gold is is more dense, so it's 411 00:23:23,359 --> 00:23:25,320 Speaker 1: going to sink and collect at the bottom of your 412 00:23:25,359 --> 00:23:28,480 Speaker 1: little screen that separates everything. And then you've got a 413 00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:31,760 Speaker 1: little bit of gold hopefully, and then the sixth graders 414 00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:35,119 Speaker 1: are all very happy. That's right. Or I imagine if 415 00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:37,720 Speaker 1: you were a prospector in California back in the day, 416 00:23:37,720 --> 00:23:39,480 Speaker 1: you could do quite well as a panner. Yeah. You 417 00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:41,960 Speaker 1: look around and be like, it's mine, Yeah, it's my gold, 418 00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:45,560 Speaker 1: all right. So then you have to extract it. That's 419 00:23:45,560 --> 00:23:47,840 Speaker 1: the next step. Right, So you've got all these big 420 00:23:47,920 --> 00:23:51,560 Speaker 1: rocks that you've blown up. Uh, yeah, I guess this 421 00:23:51,640 --> 00:23:54,520 Speaker 1: is mostly The first couple of steps are from load deposits. 422 00:23:54,560 --> 00:23:56,439 Speaker 1: You have a bunch of rocks, You put them on 423 00:23:56,760 --> 00:23:59,159 Speaker 1: a on a conveyor belt and they go into a 424 00:23:59,200 --> 00:24:02,320 Speaker 1: machine that's a pally called the crusher, which breaks the 425 00:24:02,359 --> 00:24:05,320 Speaker 1: ore into gravel. Then you take that gravel and you 426 00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:07,760 Speaker 1: put them into drums with a bunch of little steel 427 00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:11,600 Speaker 1: balls spin it around real quickness. Steel balls collide with 428 00:24:11,640 --> 00:24:14,520 Speaker 1: that gravel and they turn it into basically like a powder. 429 00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:18,480 Speaker 1: And you add water to that powder. You form a slurry, 430 00:24:18,640 --> 00:24:21,640 Speaker 1: add cyanide to that slurry, and expose it to oxygen, 431 00:24:21,680 --> 00:24:24,240 Speaker 1: and all of a sudden, you're starting to extract gold 432 00:24:24,280 --> 00:24:27,439 Speaker 1: from ore. Yeah, the pulp. Basically, the gold in the 433 00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:30,119 Speaker 1: pulp dissolves with that chemical reaction. The side and side 434 00:24:30,160 --> 00:24:33,400 Speaker 1: and O two and uh the little carbon in there, 435 00:24:34,280 --> 00:24:38,840 Speaker 1: like tiny little carbon greens, and um, the gold is 436 00:24:38,840 --> 00:24:41,119 Speaker 1: gonna adhere to it. They have. They like each other 437 00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:43,119 Speaker 1: very much, so they're gonna get together in party for 438 00:24:43,160 --> 00:24:46,640 Speaker 1: a little while. Then you filter that and you have 439 00:24:47,440 --> 00:24:51,920 Speaker 1: gold bearing carbon at this point still not pure gold, right, 440 00:24:52,920 --> 00:24:55,320 Speaker 1: so it's gold with carbon. Then you move that to 441 00:24:55,400 --> 00:24:59,360 Speaker 1: something called a stripping vessel. They put another solution, acoustic 442 00:24:59,440 --> 00:25:04,520 Speaker 1: solution to separate the gold from the carbon, have more 443 00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:07,359 Speaker 1: filters to filter out the carbon, and so now you 444 00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:11,320 Speaker 1: have actual gold bearing solution. But you're still not done. 445 00:25:12,080 --> 00:25:14,639 Speaker 1: And this is my favorite part. Yeah, this is pretty cool. 446 00:25:14,680 --> 00:25:17,880 Speaker 1: It's called electro winning, which thank god, Charlie she never 447 00:25:17,920 --> 00:25:20,520 Speaker 1: heard of this, because this whole thing would be even 448 00:25:20,560 --> 00:25:23,639 Speaker 1: more annoying. But um, you put you put the gold 449 00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:28,520 Speaker 1: into a cell with positive and negative terminals, pass an 450 00:25:28,560 --> 00:25:32,920 Speaker 1: electrical current over it, and the gold separates, uh from 451 00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:38,320 Speaker 1: the carbon solution or the gold bearing solution, and is 452 00:25:38,359 --> 00:25:41,639 Speaker 1: attracted to the negative terminal so much so that I 453 00:25:41,680 --> 00:25:44,960 Speaker 1: get the impression that basically becomes embedded in the negative terminal. Yeah. 454 00:25:44,960 --> 00:25:46,760 Speaker 1: I kind of wondered, because the next step is to 455 00:25:46,880 --> 00:25:50,719 Speaker 1: actually melt that negative terminal along with the gold, right, 456 00:25:50,920 --> 00:25:53,239 Speaker 1: and then you begin to separate the two. Basically, you 457 00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:56,840 Speaker 1: pour off the negative terminal metal metal, maybe steel or 458 00:25:56,880 --> 00:26:00,560 Speaker 1: something like that, by right exactly. Um, so when you 459 00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:03,439 Speaker 1: smell and I thought smelt was just melting, Like why 460 00:26:03,600 --> 00:26:07,720 Speaker 1: they add the s because it's not melting, it's smelting exactly. 461 00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:10,400 Speaker 1: So when you pour off the steel, I guess maybe 462 00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:12,040 Speaker 1: that comes off first, and then what you have left 463 00:26:12,119 --> 00:26:15,160 Speaker 1: is relatively impure gold, but as close as you're gonna 464 00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:18,160 Speaker 1: get it in the extracting process. You pour them into 465 00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:21,199 Speaker 1: bars called door a bars, and then you ship them 466 00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:23,680 Speaker 1: off to the refiner. Yeah, and that's not the bar 467 00:26:23,800 --> 00:26:28,560 Speaker 1: that you will see in die Hard three. Um, this 468 00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:32,760 Speaker 1: is a more impure do a bar. So you're still 469 00:26:32,840 --> 00:26:34,679 Speaker 1: nice to have one. Yeah, I'm sure you can be 470 00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:39,080 Speaker 1: like look at me right, um, okay, and then you 471 00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:41,199 Speaker 1: need to refine gold from that point once you have 472 00:26:41,240 --> 00:26:46,040 Speaker 1: it in its uh purest impure form. So imagine the 473 00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:48,280 Speaker 1: process that we just went through. It was like add this, 474 00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:51,480 Speaker 1: subtract this, remove that, but add this, and then like 475 00:26:51,520 --> 00:26:53,920 Speaker 1: the gold that here, this, and let's burn the whole 476 00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:58,160 Speaker 1: thing up until it gets melting. Still impure, it still 477 00:26:58,200 --> 00:27:02,920 Speaker 1: has to be refined. So um, when refineries get gold 478 00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:06,840 Speaker 1: dory bars. They also frequently when you sell your your 479 00:27:06,880 --> 00:27:10,359 Speaker 1: gold to J. D. Wentworth or whoever, um, they take 480 00:27:10,440 --> 00:27:12,919 Speaker 1: all this gold scrap and send that off also to 481 00:27:13,080 --> 00:27:16,359 Speaker 1: these um refineries, which are all which also serve as 482 00:27:16,359 --> 00:27:20,640 Speaker 1: recycling centers. To basically, that's like the saddest shipment. Yeah, 483 00:27:20,720 --> 00:27:23,040 Speaker 1: it's just full of people's like lost hopes and dreams 484 00:27:23,040 --> 00:27:27,960 Speaker 1: and wedding rings and gold bracelets, anniversary bracelets I'll just 485 00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:32,560 Speaker 1: sent back to be melted down because of the economy. Um. 486 00:27:32,720 --> 00:27:34,880 Speaker 1: So when they throw all this into the same pot, 487 00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:37,480 Speaker 1: they add a little bit of soda ash, a little 488 00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:41,919 Speaker 1: bit of borax, And honestly, what camp borax do? Um, 489 00:27:42,040 --> 00:27:45,199 Speaker 1: and the soda ash and borax basically filters out impurities 490 00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:47,200 Speaker 1: and then what you have left most of the time, 491 00:27:47,640 --> 00:27:52,040 Speaker 1: and they use essay tests to to to figure out 492 00:27:52,119 --> 00:27:55,040 Speaker 1: the purity. But um, they you have about ninety nine 493 00:27:55,440 --> 00:27:58,479 Speaker 1: nine percent pure gold and that's usually what they stamp 494 00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:02,080 Speaker 1: on the bar that they pour. And those bars are 495 00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:04,639 Speaker 1: called ingots. Yeah, those are the ones you'll see in 496 00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:08,480 Speaker 1: the heist movies. And um, if you have ever seen 497 00:28:08,560 --> 00:28:11,479 Speaker 1: Diehard three and you see them loading up these ingots 498 00:28:11,480 --> 00:28:13,679 Speaker 1: into big gym bags and then throwing them over their 499 00:28:13,720 --> 00:28:17,919 Speaker 1: shoulder and running out, that is uh not possible because 500 00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:21,239 Speaker 1: each one of those bars weighs twenty seven pounds. So 501 00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:23,240 Speaker 1: if you have fifty of those in a bag, like 502 00:28:23,480 --> 00:28:26,879 Speaker 1: Jeremy Irons, might Jeremy Irons not a strong man. No, 503 00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:28,880 Speaker 1: you're not gonna throw that on your back, like three 504 00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:31,240 Speaker 1: pounds of gold and like go running up a bunch 505 00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:34,840 Speaker 1: of stairs and out of the New York Uh where 506 00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:38,440 Speaker 1: is it the New York Reserve Bank? Yeah, supposedly they're 507 00:28:38,440 --> 00:28:41,080 Speaker 1: in Fort knox Is where they have all the gold. Yeah. 508 00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:43,280 Speaker 1: Emily was talking last night about that. She's like, well, 509 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:45,680 Speaker 1: that be summary safe to have all this golden one place. 510 00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:47,840 Speaker 1: I was like well, that's why they say, like it's 511 00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:51,000 Speaker 1: built like Fort Knox, it's like super secure. She's like, yeah, 512 00:28:51,040 --> 00:28:52,880 Speaker 1: but what if you know some terrors just bombed it. 513 00:28:53,640 --> 00:28:55,400 Speaker 1: She's like, you could just bomb it and then sneak 514 00:28:55,400 --> 00:28:56,880 Speaker 1: out of there with a gold and I went, you 515 00:28:56,960 --> 00:28:59,840 Speaker 1: just wrote die Hard three. She's like, is that what 516 00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:01,880 Speaker 1: upen out? That's exactly what happened. But I think she 517 00:29:01,960 --> 00:29:04,320 Speaker 1: makes a good point. I was thinking last night to like, 518 00:29:04,800 --> 00:29:06,680 Speaker 1: if we have all this gold, and if it is 519 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:10,000 Speaker 1: all there, just keeping it in two places, it seems 520 00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:14,160 Speaker 1: I don't know, it seems unusually like tempting fate. I 521 00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:17,080 Speaker 1: think I agree with Emily. Yeah, six billion dollars worth 522 00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:19,240 Speaker 1: of gold at Fort Knox. No, No, my friend was 523 00:29:19,280 --> 00:29:22,760 Speaker 1: that more? Now? Dude? So when when Harris wrote this 524 00:29:22,800 --> 00:29:28,120 Speaker 1: one gold was forty two twenty two an ounces and ounce. 525 00:29:28,480 --> 00:29:31,320 Speaker 1: Right now it's sixteen hundred and sixty seven dollars and 526 00:29:31,360 --> 00:29:34,120 Speaker 1: forty nine cents and ounces. So that means that if 527 00:29:34,560 --> 00:29:37,360 Speaker 1: Fort Knox holds a hundred and forty seven point three 528 00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:40,960 Speaker 1: million ounces of gold, the gold is worth two hundred 529 00:29:41,040 --> 00:29:44,160 Speaker 1: forty five point six billion dollars just sitting there in 530 00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:49,960 Speaker 1: Fort Knox. Art No, I think gold went up much 531 00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:51,800 Speaker 1: in the last couple of years because of the economy. 532 00:29:51,840 --> 00:29:55,040 Speaker 1: Everybody flocked to gold. Demand increased, and so the price 533 00:29:55,080 --> 00:29:57,480 Speaker 1: did so amazing to me, after all these years, gold 534 00:29:57,520 --> 00:29:59,960 Speaker 1: is still like people hoard it. Yeah. Man, when gold 535 00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:02,960 Speaker 1: prices are low, you're very smart to invest in gold 536 00:30:02,960 --> 00:30:05,640 Speaker 1: because there's always going to be another economic downd turn 537 00:30:05,720 --> 00:30:08,239 Speaker 1: and the prices are always just gonna skyrocket. You got 538 00:30:08,280 --> 00:30:10,240 Speaker 1: a couple of and gets in your closet. I have them. 539 00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:12,520 Speaker 1: I have them strepped on my leg. That's why I 540 00:30:12,520 --> 00:30:16,040 Speaker 1: have a limp. That's how you walk funny um alright, 541 00:30:16,080 --> 00:30:18,200 Speaker 1: So during the refining stage, we should point out that 542 00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:21,720 Speaker 1: a lot of times they will um because gold is 543 00:30:21,760 --> 00:30:23,760 Speaker 1: so solift pure gold is, they will combine it with 544 00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:26,720 Speaker 1: other metals to form alloys, and that's why you will 545 00:30:26,760 --> 00:30:29,080 Speaker 1: get something like white gold, which is gold combined with 546 00:30:29,160 --> 00:30:33,200 Speaker 1: nickel or silver pladium. Red gold is golden copper. That's 547 00:30:33,280 --> 00:30:35,960 Speaker 1: pretty and I've never seen red gold on they seen 548 00:30:36,040 --> 00:30:39,320 Speaker 1: rose gold surely at all my fans. I mean it 549 00:30:39,320 --> 00:30:42,280 Speaker 1: has like it has like a just a slight pink hue. Two. 550 00:30:42,320 --> 00:30:46,000 Speaker 1: It's very pretty stuff. I'm not big into gold, like 551 00:30:46,040 --> 00:30:49,160 Speaker 1: as far as jewelry, Yeah, I know, I'm with you. Uh. 552 00:30:49,200 --> 00:30:52,040 Speaker 1: And then of course you have to talk about carrots carritage, 553 00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:55,280 Speaker 1: and that is how much gold is in the object 554 00:30:55,360 --> 00:30:58,240 Speaker 1: compared to like silver, nickel or whatever else is in 555 00:30:58,280 --> 00:31:04,880 Speaker 1: that alloy. And interestingly, um, different countries have different preferences here. 556 00:31:04,880 --> 00:31:07,920 Speaker 1: You always hear about fourteen carrot gold in the United States, 557 00:31:08,280 --> 00:31:11,200 Speaker 1: which is only fifty eight point five percent gold. Apparently 558 00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:14,640 Speaker 1: in India they're partial to the twenty two carrot and uh, 559 00:31:14,800 --> 00:31:17,560 Speaker 1: which is ninety one point seven five percent gold, and 560 00:31:17,800 --> 00:31:20,480 Speaker 1: the Europeans like to take that middle road and hit 561 00:31:20,560 --> 00:31:23,280 Speaker 1: eighteen carrots. Yeah. That's very strange, and I don't understand 562 00:31:23,320 --> 00:31:26,040 Speaker 1: what it is. I can understand price being a factor, 563 00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:29,720 Speaker 1: but it's very odd to me that like cultures, yeah 564 00:31:29,840 --> 00:31:33,800 Speaker 1: prefer it. So twenty four carrots is percent gold obviously. Yeah. 565 00:31:33,880 --> 00:31:36,920 Speaker 1: In in fourteen or twelve carrot is fifty percent cold 566 00:31:37,360 --> 00:31:42,440 Speaker 1: and about two thirds of all the gold is uh jewelry. Yeah, 567 00:31:42,440 --> 00:31:45,520 Speaker 1: which makes sense. And what's interesting about the jewelries that 568 00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:49,480 Speaker 1: it's still basically produced as it has been for hundreds 569 00:31:49,640 --> 00:31:54,280 Speaker 1: or thousands of years, um, using the same techniques, virtually 570 00:31:54,320 --> 00:31:57,120 Speaker 1: the same tools. I mean, I'm sure they're manufactured much differently, 571 00:31:57,160 --> 00:32:02,160 Speaker 1: but they are kind of the same thing. Yeah. Um, 572 00:32:02,280 --> 00:32:04,960 Speaker 1: And while jewelry accounts for what do you say, two 573 00:32:04,960 --> 00:32:08,720 Speaker 1: thirds of nearly two thirds, there's a lot of other 574 00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:12,880 Speaker 1: pretty interesting uses for gold to electronics use a lot 575 00:32:12,920 --> 00:32:15,800 Speaker 1: of gold and a lot of other rare earth minerals 576 00:32:15,840 --> 00:32:21,680 Speaker 1: like um. Uh. Apparently gold is very very conductive. It's 577 00:32:21,680 --> 00:32:26,120 Speaker 1: more conductive than any metal except for copper and um silver. 578 00:32:26,920 --> 00:32:28,960 Speaker 1: But it has a leg up on conference olver and 579 00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:32,240 Speaker 1: that it corrodes. It's very difficult for gold to corrode. 580 00:32:32,640 --> 00:32:35,560 Speaker 1: So that means that if you want something that's gonna 581 00:32:35,640 --> 00:32:39,520 Speaker 1: last a very long time and be conductive, you might 582 00:32:39,560 --> 00:32:41,480 Speaker 1: as well use some gold. So they do in things 583 00:32:41,560 --> 00:32:46,200 Speaker 1: like processors and hard drives and that kind of stuff. Yeah, 584 00:32:46,240 --> 00:32:49,760 Speaker 1: I mean you you might see gold on your headphone plug. 585 00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:53,040 Speaker 1: Your headphone jack might be gold plated because it's if 586 00:32:53,080 --> 00:32:56,240 Speaker 1: it's higher end, they might use gold. Yeah, conducts h 587 00:32:56,640 --> 00:33:00,520 Speaker 1: electricity therefore sound better that I just thought it was 588 00:33:00,560 --> 00:33:04,600 Speaker 1: like fancy high end or something. Here's a cool stat 589 00:33:04,760 --> 00:33:08,880 Speaker 1: because they use it so much in electronics and microelectronics, 590 00:33:09,640 --> 00:33:14,440 Speaker 1: NASA used more than forty kilograms ninety pounds of gold 591 00:33:14,720 --> 00:33:17,320 Speaker 1: and the construction of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Right, that's 592 00:33:17,320 --> 00:33:19,920 Speaker 1: pretty cool. Fat electronics, and they used it as a 593 00:33:19,960 --> 00:33:24,040 Speaker 1: reflective surface. They use gold film. Remember, you can into 594 00:33:24,120 --> 00:33:29,400 Speaker 1: like a point um point one five millimeter thin sheet. 595 00:33:29,480 --> 00:33:32,360 Speaker 1: It's amazing. So it's light at that point, highly reflective, 596 00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:37,680 Speaker 1: effective against radiation. Yeah, so that's pretty awesome. Um, you 597 00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:41,400 Speaker 1: also use it for crowns. Yeah, they still use gold 598 00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:45,720 Speaker 1: crowns cuddenly, and then I imagine it because it's not reactive, 599 00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:49,960 Speaker 1: because when things are reactive, especially with cooking, it will 600 00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:52,560 Speaker 1: make things taste terribly. Yeah, that's true. Like there was 601 00:33:52,600 --> 00:33:57,120 Speaker 1: something called a fish fork and it was made of silver, 602 00:33:57,280 --> 00:33:59,120 Speaker 1: and apparently if you had this thing, it was like 603 00:33:59,160 --> 00:34:02,160 Speaker 1: a status symbol or whatever in Victorian the Victorian era. 604 00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:04,520 Speaker 1: But it also did have a practical use in that 605 00:34:05,200 --> 00:34:09,600 Speaker 1: silver didn't react with um lemon juice, which is often 606 00:34:09,680 --> 00:34:11,920 Speaker 1: used to serve with fish, so it didn't affect the taste. 607 00:34:12,160 --> 00:34:14,080 Speaker 1: I imagine that's probably one of the reasons why they 608 00:34:14,120 --> 00:34:17,480 Speaker 1: use gold and crowns, right, so that you everything doesn't 609 00:34:17,480 --> 00:34:19,439 Speaker 1: just taste bad because it's not reacting with anything because 610 00:34:19,480 --> 00:34:21,640 Speaker 1: it's chemically inert. That's a good point. Yeah, because you 611 00:34:21,640 --> 00:34:23,640 Speaker 1: don't want to be eating something and think, oh man, 612 00:34:23,840 --> 00:34:27,400 Speaker 1: my new gold tooth makes this telapia tastes like squid, 613 00:34:29,120 --> 00:34:31,840 Speaker 1: tastes like squid. I don't know, that's not so bad. No, 614 00:34:31,920 --> 00:34:33,719 Speaker 1: I like squid. But if you're eat in telapia, you 615 00:34:33,719 --> 00:34:35,560 Speaker 1: don't want to eat squid. Do you eat squid? Will 616 00:34:35,600 --> 00:34:39,000 Speaker 1: you eat octopus? I mean I'll eat all that stuff 617 00:34:39,120 --> 00:34:42,680 Speaker 1: to a certain degree. I mean, like Emily when it 618 00:34:42,680 --> 00:34:45,200 Speaker 1: comes to calamari, she will only eat like the things 619 00:34:45,200 --> 00:34:47,319 Speaker 1: that look like little onion rings. Right as soon as 620 00:34:47,360 --> 00:34:50,080 Speaker 1: it looks like the little miniature creature, she's like, that's 621 00:34:50,080 --> 00:34:52,239 Speaker 1: for you, and I pop that in my mouth. I 622 00:34:52,239 --> 00:34:55,399 Speaker 1: will probably eat both, especially eat squid. You we won't 623 00:34:55,400 --> 00:34:59,719 Speaker 1: eat octopus because of Remember one of our friends had 624 00:34:59,719 --> 00:35:02,120 Speaker 1: ad and they told us a story that their friend 625 00:35:02,160 --> 00:35:04,719 Speaker 1: was a cook for some couple down in the Caribbean, 626 00:35:05,040 --> 00:35:08,319 Speaker 1: and the couple like caught an octopus and was going 627 00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:10,600 Speaker 1: to cook it, or they gave it to the to 628 00:35:10,719 --> 00:35:14,000 Speaker 1: their cook to cook, and the cook was going to 629 00:35:14,040 --> 00:35:16,920 Speaker 1: put it in the pot alive, and the octopus was 630 00:35:16,920 --> 00:35:20,520 Speaker 1: wrapping its tentacles around the woman, like, please don't kill me. 631 00:35:21,239 --> 00:35:22,920 Speaker 1: And she said it was, you know, like one of 632 00:35:22,920 --> 00:35:24,400 Speaker 1: the worst things that ever happened to her because she 633 00:35:24,400 --> 00:35:26,560 Speaker 1: did it anyway, like you literally when you literally have 634 00:35:26,640 --> 00:35:29,560 Speaker 1: to fight to put the animal to their death. And 635 00:35:29,239 --> 00:35:33,560 Speaker 1: and then so that combined with I think being inspired 636 00:35:33,600 --> 00:35:38,160 Speaker 1: to go research octopi and finding that they were very intelligents, 637 00:35:38,280 --> 00:35:41,239 Speaker 1: like I just can't eat those anymore, which is said 638 00:35:41,239 --> 00:35:44,040 Speaker 1: because there's they pop up. It's some pretty delicious dishes, 639 00:35:44,160 --> 00:35:46,799 Speaker 1: I imagine, but they're a very smart animals, and he's 640 00:35:46,800 --> 00:35:52,200 Speaker 1: like the animals just stupid ones. Right, Yeah, I could 641 00:35:52,200 --> 00:35:55,319 Speaker 1: see that I would be dramatized, Oh my god, yeah, 642 00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:58,239 Speaker 1: because it was like no, yeah, I would just walk 643 00:35:58,320 --> 00:36:03,120 Speaker 1: slowly into the ocean until it released itself and swam away. Yeah, 644 00:36:03,360 --> 00:36:05,320 Speaker 1: you'd be like the Woodsman and snow White, like I 645 00:36:05,400 --> 00:36:07,439 Speaker 1: don't know what happened to it. But then you start 646 00:36:07,520 --> 00:36:09,440 Speaker 1: to walk back and the octopus reaches up with one 647 00:36:09,440 --> 00:36:12,080 Speaker 1: hand and holds your hand. He's like, I want to 648 00:36:12,080 --> 00:36:13,319 Speaker 1: be your pet. I don't want to go back to 649 00:36:13,360 --> 00:36:34,279 Speaker 1: the sea. Just don't cook me. Don't cook me, all right, 650 00:36:34,640 --> 00:36:37,480 Speaker 1: where do we leave off food and beverage. You can 651 00:36:37,520 --> 00:36:40,880 Speaker 1: get it in gold Schlagger in certain jellies gold by 652 00:36:40,880 --> 00:36:44,040 Speaker 1: the way, not octopus. Yeah yeah, yeah, um, And that 653 00:36:44,040 --> 00:36:48,080 Speaker 1: that's all just for marketing and making things fans. It 654 00:36:48,120 --> 00:36:50,360 Speaker 1: really is. You know. They have like the World's most 655 00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:53,839 Speaker 1: Expensive Sunday or the world's most expensive salary always got 656 00:36:53,880 --> 00:36:56,120 Speaker 1: gold flakes. It does so much so that I think 657 00:36:56,160 --> 00:36:58,840 Speaker 1: we've talked about this. They have another category for World's 658 00:36:58,880 --> 00:37:02,160 Speaker 1: most expensive non old because it's like any smoke, can 659 00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:04,800 Speaker 1: you know, spit out a hot dog and relish and 660 00:37:04,800 --> 00:37:07,040 Speaker 1: then put gold flakes on and be like world's experienceive 661 00:37:07,040 --> 00:37:10,799 Speaker 1: hot dog and that doesn't really you know. So then 662 00:37:10,840 --> 00:37:12,799 Speaker 1: that means some of the gold that we've lost that 663 00:37:13,600 --> 00:37:18,439 Speaker 1: has been pooped out. Yeah. I guess that's sad, is it. 664 00:37:18,719 --> 00:37:21,360 Speaker 1: I think so, since it's you know, so limited and 665 00:37:21,360 --> 00:37:25,160 Speaker 1: supply and bad for the environment to get well, I 666 00:37:25,200 --> 00:37:27,680 Speaker 1: guess we should talk about that. Yeah, we probably should, 667 00:37:27,719 --> 00:37:29,640 Speaker 1: because I was very surprised. I mean, I'd heard that 668 00:37:29,680 --> 00:37:33,120 Speaker 1: gold was bad for the environment, but I didn't realize this. 669 00:37:33,560 --> 00:37:34,960 Speaker 1: You want to you want to tell one of the 670 00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:39,520 Speaker 1: facts of the podcast. Yes, it is like most mining operations, um, 671 00:37:39,560 --> 00:37:41,839 Speaker 1: not great for the environment. In order to get just 672 00:37:41,920 --> 00:37:44,200 Speaker 1: one ounce of gold, you have to get out two 673 00:37:44,520 --> 00:37:47,920 Speaker 1: and fifty tons of the rock and ore and a 674 00:37:47,960 --> 00:37:50,600 Speaker 1: lot of times. Um. Well, of course there's the cyanide, 675 00:37:50,640 --> 00:37:53,680 Speaker 1: which is never great when you're introducing those kind of chemicals. No, 676 00:37:53,960 --> 00:37:58,840 Speaker 1: and apparently they take this affluent, right yeah, or a 677 00:37:58,960 --> 00:38:03,160 Speaker 1: fluent and they dump it out in the ocean. Oh really, 678 00:38:03,480 --> 00:38:07,560 Speaker 1: which probably affects OCTOPI. Yeah, it's like, hey, here's a 679 00:38:07,560 --> 00:38:10,239 Speaker 1: bunch of cyanide water, and I'm sure the ocean will 680 00:38:10,239 --> 00:38:13,360 Speaker 1: eventually like even things out. But for that local area 681 00:38:13,400 --> 00:38:16,360 Speaker 1: where it gets dumb, that can't be good. Of course not. 682 00:38:16,480 --> 00:38:18,760 Speaker 1: And that's why there's a group, a nonprofit called Earthworks 683 00:38:18,800 --> 00:38:21,480 Speaker 1: that runs a campaign called no Dirty Gold. So I 684 00:38:21,480 --> 00:38:23,960 Speaker 1: imagine if you have a gold wedding band and a 685 00:38:24,040 --> 00:38:28,399 Speaker 1: blood diamond on your finger, then uh, you just like 686 00:38:29,239 --> 00:38:32,360 Speaker 1: you're that's a double whammy against hat trick. Yeah, well no, 687 00:38:32,480 --> 00:38:35,160 Speaker 1: hatrick could be three. So not in this not in 688 00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:38,200 Speaker 1: this the case. Okay, that's as good as you can get, 689 00:38:38,480 --> 00:38:41,880 Speaker 1: as bad as it gets. So we should talk a 690 00:38:41,920 --> 00:38:43,799 Speaker 1: little bit about gold. Although I think we should do 691 00:38:43,880 --> 00:38:46,560 Speaker 1: a full podcast in the gold standard at some point. 692 00:38:46,560 --> 00:38:49,239 Speaker 1: I know we've touched at some point, let's do it. 693 00:38:49,600 --> 00:38:55,200 Speaker 1: But um, the gold standard was, wasn't it like, Uh, 694 00:38:55,320 --> 00:38:59,520 Speaker 1: every dollar amount like was that you could print, there 695 00:38:59,560 --> 00:39:00,880 Speaker 1: was a certain amount of gold that had to be 696 00:39:00,960 --> 00:39:04,440 Speaker 1: in reserve that matched that. Yes. Is that what it was? Yes? Exactly. 697 00:39:04,480 --> 00:39:06,960 Speaker 1: And if you had a bunch, if you had enough money, 698 00:39:07,239 --> 00:39:09,680 Speaker 1: you could go up to you know, the federal reserve 699 00:39:09,760 --> 00:39:11,720 Speaker 1: and say I want to catch this money out for gold, 700 00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:14,040 Speaker 1: and they had to give it to you by federal law. 701 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:17,359 Speaker 1: And that was from nineteen hundred to nineteen seventy one. 702 00:39:17,440 --> 00:39:20,759 Speaker 1: When didn't we just start pretty more money than gold 703 00:39:20,800 --> 00:39:22,920 Speaker 1: and said we should abandon the gold standard? Yeah? And 704 00:39:22,920 --> 00:39:26,440 Speaker 1: I think when you detach your currency from gold becomes 705 00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:29,560 Speaker 1: a fiat currency right to the whims of the market. 706 00:39:29,920 --> 00:39:31,759 Speaker 1: I seem to remember discussing this sum in one of 707 00:39:31,760 --> 00:39:36,080 Speaker 1: our econ podcasts way back when maybe even audiobook man, 708 00:39:36,120 --> 00:39:38,880 Speaker 1: how the economy were uh the super stuff guidet to 709 00:39:38,880 --> 00:39:41,920 Speaker 1: the economy, that's what it's called. Um. That was a 710 00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:46,600 Speaker 1: good one. Um. So two d thirty six tons of 711 00:39:46,640 --> 00:39:54,520 Speaker 1: gold are uh being so called hoarded by people and governments? Um? 712 00:39:54,600 --> 00:39:56,880 Speaker 1: Is that all twoty six tons? Yeah? It seemed like 713 00:39:57,120 --> 00:40:00,680 Speaker 1: if if there was still of the hundred and sixty 714 00:40:00,680 --> 00:40:03,839 Speaker 1: one thousand tons. Yeah, if that doesn't seem like much, 715 00:40:03,880 --> 00:40:07,160 Speaker 1: but it doesn't. It's a lot of jewelry being worn. Yeah. 716 00:40:07,200 --> 00:40:09,520 Speaker 1: But um, they think there is actually gold out and 717 00:40:09,560 --> 00:40:11,560 Speaker 1: outer space, you know, and some of these big asteroids 718 00:40:11,560 --> 00:40:16,240 Speaker 1: flying by that are chuck full of minerals and other metals. Um, 719 00:40:16,280 --> 00:40:21,120 Speaker 1: there was a near Earth asteroid rendezvous spacecraft passed close 720 00:40:21,239 --> 00:40:25,600 Speaker 1: enough to the asteroid arrows to actually send back data. 721 00:40:26,200 --> 00:40:28,480 Speaker 1: And um, they think the arrows might have as much 722 00:40:28,520 --> 00:40:32,360 Speaker 1: as twenty billion tons of gold, which would probably really 723 00:40:32,440 --> 00:40:34,680 Speaker 1: drop the value of gold here on Earth if anyone 724 00:40:34,719 --> 00:40:37,000 Speaker 1: ever got their hands on that. How I mean, how 725 00:40:37,040 --> 00:40:40,040 Speaker 1: do you go about capturing an asteroid? I wonder we've 726 00:40:40,080 --> 00:40:42,960 Speaker 1: we did a podcast on asteroid minding. Remember is that 727 00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:46,640 Speaker 1: the same thing? Okay, that's what they would do? Well, 728 00:40:47,920 --> 00:40:51,000 Speaker 1: I retreat, Then we should just do that. I could do. 729 00:40:51,080 --> 00:40:54,520 Speaker 1: That would send Bruce Willis up with a lasso, a 730 00:40:54,520 --> 00:40:58,200 Speaker 1: golden lasso, riding a jackalope and attach it to the 731 00:40:58,280 --> 00:41:02,239 Speaker 1: jackalop's tail and ride it back to Earth. You got 732 00:41:02,239 --> 00:41:05,840 Speaker 1: anything else? No? I don't. Well that's uh. Oh, I 733 00:41:05,880 --> 00:41:08,240 Speaker 1: have one more thing I want to recommend. Um, Harris 734 00:41:08,280 --> 00:41:11,239 Speaker 1: didn't mention this. One of the other really bad environmental 735 00:41:11,280 --> 00:41:16,520 Speaker 1: impacts of gold is illegal gold mining. Apparently, um Guiana 736 00:41:16,920 --> 00:41:20,400 Speaker 1: has a lot of illegal gold mining. And one of 737 00:41:20,400 --> 00:41:24,000 Speaker 1: the things that you if you're an illegal underground gold miner, 738 00:41:24,239 --> 00:41:28,840 Speaker 1: you're not going through this elaborate extraction and refining process. 739 00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:33,040 Speaker 1: You are basically taking your ore in. You're refining or 740 00:41:33,280 --> 00:41:37,680 Speaker 1: extracting on site using mercury. Mercury is what they use. 741 00:41:37,760 --> 00:41:41,240 Speaker 1: So there's not only a lot of like illegal, horrible 742 00:41:41,320 --> 00:41:43,719 Speaker 1: for the environment gold mining going on, there's also a 743 00:41:43,760 --> 00:41:46,240 Speaker 1: lot of mercury mining and a lot of mercury like runoff, 744 00:41:46,280 --> 00:41:50,000 Speaker 1: So there's mercury poisoning all over Guiana right now. And 745 00:41:50,040 --> 00:41:52,520 Speaker 1: there's a really great article may have one of peels. 746 00:41:52,640 --> 00:41:54,600 Speaker 1: I found it on peels or dot org, but it 747 00:41:54,640 --> 00:41:57,440 Speaker 1: was originally in Harper's that's where I read it, gold 748 00:41:57,640 --> 00:42:02,279 Speaker 1: Guns and Gumpiers. That is g A R I M 749 00:42:02,400 --> 00:42:06,120 Speaker 1: P E I R O S. And it's by Damon Tabor. 750 00:42:06,440 --> 00:42:10,080 Speaker 1: Good stuff. Awesome article is so engross, one of those 751 00:42:10,080 --> 00:42:11,719 Speaker 1: that makes you want to like not ever use gold 752 00:42:11,719 --> 00:42:14,839 Speaker 1: for anything. Uh. It has that effect a little bit, 753 00:42:14,960 --> 00:42:18,200 Speaker 1: but it's it's more just completely fascinating, like you can't 754 00:42:18,200 --> 00:42:22,359 Speaker 1: believe that people are doing this. Yeah, and child labor two, right, 755 00:42:22,400 --> 00:42:24,399 Speaker 1: isn't that a big problem? I think that was part 756 00:42:24,440 --> 00:42:27,520 Speaker 1: of it. But more um, it's just you are you 757 00:42:27,920 --> 00:42:31,160 Speaker 1: really risk death in these like they're called wildcat camps, 758 00:42:31,200 --> 00:42:34,759 Speaker 1: these illegal gold mining operations, because I mean, if some 759 00:42:36,520 --> 00:42:39,920 Speaker 1: in the mercury, in the guns, and you know, people 760 00:42:40,080 --> 00:42:43,759 Speaker 1: staking other people's claims, bad bad news. So there you go, 761 00:42:44,400 --> 00:42:47,520 Speaker 1: gold gold. If you want to learn more about gold, 762 00:42:47,560 --> 00:42:50,080 Speaker 1: you can type that words into the handy search bar 763 00:42:50,120 --> 00:42:52,600 Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. And since I said that, 764 00:42:52,680 --> 00:42:57,040 Speaker 1: it's time for a listener mail Josh, I'm gonna call 765 00:42:57,120 --> 00:42:59,520 Speaker 1: this the ten Commandments of Chuck and Josh, although there's 766 00:42:59,560 --> 00:43:05,960 Speaker 1: only eight. Um, and this is from Professor Tom uh Guys, 767 00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:08,760 Speaker 1: I teach a communications course at an area of community 768 00:43:08,760 --> 00:43:12,279 Speaker 1: college and UH and in universities. I often recommend your 769 00:43:12,280 --> 00:43:15,040 Speaker 1: podcast in my classes, especially to students that seem to 770 00:43:15,080 --> 00:43:17,880 Speaker 1: love learning but may have not been encouraged by family 771 00:43:17,960 --> 00:43:21,360 Speaker 1: or friends. Um, I'm hoping that they may pick up 772 00:43:21,360 --> 00:43:24,120 Speaker 1: a few important life lessons from you, guys, as well 773 00:43:24,160 --> 00:43:27,320 Speaker 1: as interesting facts. Here a few life lesson highlights, So 774 00:43:27,400 --> 00:43:30,239 Speaker 1: I think you guys, display number one, normal guys can 775 00:43:30,280 --> 00:43:34,360 Speaker 1: talk about something other than sports. That's true, I know 776 00:43:34,400 --> 00:43:37,839 Speaker 1: I like sports. Number two. Good presentations begin with an 777 00:43:37,840 --> 00:43:41,160 Speaker 1: attention getting introduction. Josh. Josh will tell you this is 778 00:43:41,239 --> 00:43:45,440 Speaker 1: sometimes easier said than done. Yes, that's absolutely correct. Um. 779 00:43:45,480 --> 00:43:48,400 Speaker 1: If you don't know something, uh, look it up. And 780 00:43:48,440 --> 00:43:50,480 Speaker 1: if you're looking it up on the internet, check more 781 00:43:50,480 --> 00:43:54,080 Speaker 1: than one source. Life lessons this this this guy is 782 00:43:54,080 --> 00:43:57,480 Speaker 1: really paying attention to what we're doing. Yes, learning involves mistakes. 783 00:43:57,600 --> 00:44:00,080 Speaker 1: Number four. Take a shot at pronouncing new word. If 784 00:44:00,120 --> 00:44:03,719 Speaker 1: you get it wrong, venture a guest, share a new hypothesis, 785 00:44:03,760 --> 00:44:07,319 Speaker 1: then invite feedback, which is the important part. Jerem Pierro's 786 00:44:08,120 --> 00:44:09,560 Speaker 1: number five. If you don't have to make fun of 787 00:44:09,600 --> 00:44:12,120 Speaker 1: people to be funny. If you absolutely must mock someone, 788 00:44:12,239 --> 00:44:16,279 Speaker 1: mock yourself and you're good at that. Number six, it's 789 00:44:16,280 --> 00:44:19,080 Speaker 1: okay for guys to have a variety of emotions. There's 790 00:44:19,120 --> 00:44:22,280 Speaker 1: nothing unmanly with being sensitive or expressing emotions other than anger. 791 00:44:22,760 --> 00:44:24,920 Speaker 1: It's even healthy for guys to talk about their emotions 792 00:44:25,080 --> 00:44:28,680 Speaker 1: and to chuckle. Do you like the new Rosy career? Yeah. 793 00:44:28,760 --> 00:44:31,440 Speaker 1: Number seven, it's worth the effort to be respectful of others. 794 00:44:31,840 --> 00:44:34,960 Speaker 1: Sometimes you have to stop yourself before you make an 795 00:44:35,000 --> 00:44:38,200 Speaker 1: off hand joke, which we do. Um Sometimes you have 796 00:44:38,239 --> 00:44:39,799 Speaker 1: to use a term that is more accurate or up 797 00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:41,719 Speaker 1: to date, which we try and do. Sometimes you have 798 00:44:41,760 --> 00:44:43,719 Speaker 1: to remember what it feels like to be seen as 799 00:44:43,760 --> 00:44:46,680 Speaker 1: different and see if your language could be more inclusive 800 00:44:46,800 --> 00:44:49,520 Speaker 1: or encouraging, even if only one person in your audience 801 00:44:49,560 --> 00:44:53,719 Speaker 1: notices the efforts. It's worth it, man, this is my 802 00:44:53,840 --> 00:44:57,320 Speaker 1: conscience writing. And number eight, curiosity can last a lifetime. 803 00:44:57,440 --> 00:44:59,960 Speaker 1: And that was the last one, and he said, guy, 804 00:45:00,000 --> 00:45:02,480 Speaker 1: there's a lot to be said. We're teaching by example, 805 00:45:02,840 --> 00:45:04,759 Speaker 1: whether you realize it or not. You're doing it every week. 806 00:45:05,560 --> 00:45:09,680 Speaker 1: And he goes on with an interesting ps from Professor Tom. Yes, 807 00:45:09,719 --> 00:45:11,680 Speaker 1: if you have my gay male friends and I got 808 00:45:11,760 --> 00:45:13,960 Speaker 1: talking about your show, we tried to figure out which 809 00:45:13,960 --> 00:45:17,400 Speaker 1: type you would be if you've been born gay. It 810 00:45:17,480 --> 00:45:20,440 Speaker 1: was unanimous. Chuck is clearly a bear. If you have 811 00:45:20,560 --> 00:45:22,319 Speaker 1: a gay brother, Chuck, I have a few friends who 812 00:45:22,320 --> 00:45:25,040 Speaker 1: would like to meet him. I do have a brother, 813 00:45:25,160 --> 00:45:26,919 Speaker 1: but he's not gay, and he would not be a bear. 814 00:45:27,000 --> 00:45:29,040 Speaker 1: He's he's prettier than me. He is very pretty. You 815 00:45:29,040 --> 00:45:31,600 Speaker 1: would actually love my brother. Yeah, he's got great here. 816 00:45:31,719 --> 00:45:33,800 Speaker 1: I thought you guys would know with like knowing that 817 00:45:33,840 --> 00:45:35,799 Speaker 1: you were being stereotyped by a bunch of gay guys 818 00:45:35,800 --> 00:45:38,359 Speaker 1: standing around drinking beer at a bar called the Whole 819 00:45:39,680 --> 00:45:43,160 Speaker 1: Performing Stuff you Should Know podcast analysis. What a world, 820 00:45:43,840 --> 00:45:46,840 Speaker 1: Thanks Professor Tom. Yeah, that's a great email. That was 821 00:45:46,880 --> 00:45:51,520 Speaker 1: a great email. We gotta print that one out frame. Um, 822 00:45:51,560 --> 00:45:54,560 Speaker 1: if you ever do analysis of stuff you should Know, 823 00:45:54,640 --> 00:45:58,439 Speaker 1: we want to hear what you've concluded. Um. You can 824 00:45:58,520 --> 00:46:01,279 Speaker 1: tweet to us if it's a short inclusion at s 825 00:46:01,400 --> 00:46:05,480 Speaker 1: y s K podcast. You can join us at Facebook 826 00:46:05,520 --> 00:46:07,640 Speaker 1: dot com, slash Stuff you Should Know. You can send 827 00:46:07,719 --> 00:46:10,400 Speaker 1: us an email to stuff podcast at how stuff Works 828 00:46:10,400 --> 00:46:13,439 Speaker 1: dot com and as always, joined us at our home 829 00:46:13,480 --> 00:46:18,960 Speaker 1: on the web. Stuff you Should Know dot com. Stuff 830 00:46:19,000 --> 00:46:20,920 Speaker 1: you Should Know is a production of iHeart Radios How 831 00:46:20,960 --> 00:46:23,680 Speaker 1: Stuff Works. For more podcasts for my heart Radio, visit 832 00:46:23,719 --> 00:46:26,399 Speaker 1: the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen 833 00:46:26,440 --> 00:46:30,520 Speaker 1: to your favorite shows. H