1 00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:05,400 Speaker 1: For almost a century, the United States has dedicated a 2 00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:09,240 Speaker 1: day to the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. 3 00:00:09,280 --> 00:00:12,840 Speaker 2: The middle of all the excitement, Happy Columbus Day, Scott. 4 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:18,639 Speaker 1: For many, Columbus Day not only commemorates Columbus's arrival to 5 00:00:18,680 --> 00:00:22,160 Speaker 1: the America, it's also a chance for Italian Americans across 6 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:26,360 Speaker 1: the country to publicly celebrate their cultural heritage with flags 7 00:00:26,360 --> 00:00:27,000 Speaker 1: and parades. 8 00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:31,280 Speaker 3: This is a great celebration for Italian Americas and Italians, 9 00:00:31,640 --> 00:00:33,400 Speaker 3: and for all of those people who are not Italian 10 00:00:33,440 --> 00:00:34,400 Speaker 3: who want to be Italian. 11 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:37,240 Speaker 4: It's a celebration of our culture, our heritage. 12 00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:42,360 Speaker 1: But not everyone is on board with celebrating Christopher Columbus. 13 00:00:44,920 --> 00:00:48,600 Speaker 1: His colonization of the New World led to the bloodshed 14 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:52,440 Speaker 1: of indigenous people, and while he did arrive to the Americas, 15 00:00:52,479 --> 00:00:56,720 Speaker 1: he never even sept foot on North America. So a 16 00:00:56,720 --> 00:01:01,680 Speaker 1: lot of people are looking to make a change replace Columbus. 17 00:01:01,240 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 4: Day celebrate the history and contributions of indigenous culture. 18 00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:07,640 Speaker 5: Columbus Day is officially history in the city of Cincinnati, 19 00:01:07,720 --> 00:01:08,800 Speaker 5: at least for this year. 20 00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:12,120 Speaker 1: For the past three decades, an increasing number of cities 21 00:01:12,200 --> 00:01:16,520 Speaker 1: and states have been opting out of celebrating Columbus Day, 22 00:01:17,240 --> 00:01:20,680 Speaker 1: and instead they're choosing to commemorate the original inhabitants of 23 00:01:20,720 --> 00:01:29,480 Speaker 1: the Americas, Indigenous people. From Fuduro Media and RX It's 24 00:01:29,560 --> 00:01:33,839 Speaker 1: Latino Usa. I'm Maria in Josa today the movement supporting 25 00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:46,640 Speaker 1: change in favor of Indigenous People's Day. So, dear listener, 26 00:01:46,800 --> 00:01:49,840 Speaker 1: as we approach the day Christopher Columbus arrived in the 27 00:01:49,880 --> 00:01:53,400 Speaker 1: Americas in fourteen ninety two, we wanted to re air 28 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:57,400 Speaker 1: an episode from twenty nineteen about the battle to replace 29 00:01:57,480 --> 00:02:03,400 Speaker 1: the long celebrated Columbus Day with Indigenous People's Day. Instead, 30 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:08,120 Speaker 1: I have producer Jenis Jamoca in the studio with me. Now, Hey, Jenis, 31 00:02:08,360 --> 00:02:11,639 Speaker 1: Hey Maria. So, Jenie, you've been interested in looking at 32 00:02:11,639 --> 00:02:14,959 Speaker 1: the movement for Indigenous People's Day for a while, really. 33 00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:17,640 Speaker 4: Yeah, and I've actually seen more and more places make 34 00:02:17,720 --> 00:02:20,000 Speaker 4: this change. So I wanted to look at the history 35 00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:22,560 Speaker 4: of Columbus Day and how Indigenous People's Day got it 36 00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:23,760 Speaker 4: start right. 37 00:02:23,880 --> 00:02:27,000 Speaker 1: So I've heard a lot about this from a long 38 00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:30,200 Speaker 1: time ago. Because in Mexico we don't celebrate Columbus Day. 39 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:34,799 Speaker 1: It's actually Diade la Rasa. So I've thought about reframing 40 00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:39,320 Speaker 1: this particular holiday on multiple occasions, but it's actually happening now. 41 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:42,560 Speaker 4: Yeah, And I think these conversations are happening a lot, 42 00:02:42,960 --> 00:02:47,040 Speaker 4: especially with indigenous youth really reclaiming their roots and understanding 43 00:02:47,080 --> 00:02:48,600 Speaker 4: where their ancestors came from. 44 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:52,520 Speaker 1: So it's a well known fact that Christopher Columbus in 45 00:02:52,560 --> 00:02:55,280 Speaker 1: fact never set foot in North America. 46 00:02:55,600 --> 00:02:57,359 Speaker 4: Let me break it down for those of you who 47 00:02:57,400 --> 00:02:59,959 Speaker 4: may not have gotten that history like some of us did. 48 00:03:01,400 --> 00:03:06,840 Speaker 4: In fourteen hundred and ninety two, Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue. 49 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:09,680 Speaker 4: You probably have heard this rhyme. It was a poem 50 00:03:09,760 --> 00:03:11,880 Speaker 4: used as a teaching tool in most. 51 00:03:11,760 --> 00:03:16,440 Speaker 6: US schools, Columbia, the Ocean Land. 52 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:20,200 Speaker 4: Christopher Columbus had this wild idea that he could navigate 53 00:03:20,240 --> 00:03:23,320 Speaker 4: across the ocean to find an alternative route to Asia 54 00:03:23,760 --> 00:03:27,040 Speaker 4: to find spices to bring back to Europe because guess 55 00:03:27,040 --> 00:03:30,120 Speaker 4: what the world was round, So clearly he would make 56 00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:37,640 Speaker 4: it there eventually. And the story about Columbus, we didn't 57 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:40,560 Speaker 4: just learn about it at school. It was in movies 58 00:03:40,760 --> 00:03:42,360 Speaker 4: and all over pop culture. 59 00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:46,560 Speaker 5: God go with you, don Christo back, I believe you 60 00:03:46,600 --> 00:03:47,720 Speaker 5: will find the indies. 61 00:03:48,480 --> 00:03:51,680 Speaker 4: So in fourteen hundred and ninety two, he takes three 62 00:03:51,680 --> 00:03:55,560 Speaker 4: ships and sails across the Big Wide Ocean attempting to 63 00:03:55,600 --> 00:04:04,360 Speaker 4: reach Asia, and they make it to the Caribbean. This 64 00:04:04,440 --> 00:04:08,880 Speaker 4: is where his history gets tricky because he basically wipes 65 00:04:08,920 --> 00:04:12,080 Speaker 4: out almost the entire indigenous population. 66 00:04:12,760 --> 00:04:19,200 Speaker 7: Columbus' voyages to the Caribbean decimated indigenous populations in that era, 67 00:04:19,440 --> 00:04:24,640 Speaker 7: murdering whole communities, enslaving Native women, Native children, Native men. 68 00:04:25,200 --> 00:04:28,520 Speaker 4: That's Elizabeth Ellis. She's an assistant professor of history and 69 00:04:28,600 --> 00:04:32,680 Speaker 4: teaches Early American and Native American history at New York University. 70 00:04:33,120 --> 00:04:36,640 Speaker 4: And despite this bloody history, there are still monuments dedicated 71 00:04:36,680 --> 00:04:39,719 Speaker 4: to him today. In the Dominican Republic, one of the 72 00:04:39,720 --> 00:04:43,120 Speaker 4: places where Columbus landed, it's claimed that his remains are 73 00:04:43,160 --> 00:04:45,919 Speaker 4: still there in an extravagant monument in the shape of 74 00:04:45,920 --> 00:04:49,039 Speaker 4: a cross, built for the five hundredth anniversary of his voyage. 75 00:04:49,480 --> 00:04:52,200 Speaker 4: But even there, his legacy is debated. 76 00:04:52,279 --> 00:04:56,160 Speaker 1: Which leads me to my question, how does Christopher Columbus 77 00:04:56,279 --> 00:04:58,560 Speaker 1: end up getting a holiday named after him? In the 78 00:04:58,640 --> 00:04:59,359 Speaker 1: United States? 79 00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:02,960 Speaker 4: We dive into this. As we all know, Columbus Day 80 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:07,400 Speaker 4: is one of ten official federal holidays like Thanksgiving and 81 00:05:07,480 --> 00:05:11,280 Speaker 4: Christmas Day, which means that federal workers get the day off, 82 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:14,839 Speaker 4: and Columbus Day is also one of the few holidays 83 00:05:14,839 --> 00:05:18,560 Speaker 4: that honors an individual just like another individual you might know. 84 00:05:18,680 --> 00:05:20,839 Speaker 5: As it a Reagan sign Martin Luther King Junior, by 85 00:05:20,920 --> 00:05:23,200 Speaker 5: creating a national holiday honoring Martin Luther King. 86 00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:26,120 Speaker 4: What's unique about the holiday is that it's also a 87 00:05:26,200 --> 00:05:32,240 Speaker 4: day where Italian Americans proudly celebrate their culture. Actually, one 88 00:05:32,240 --> 00:05:34,680 Speaker 4: of the biggest Columbus Day parades is right here in 89 00:05:34,680 --> 00:05:40,680 Speaker 4: New York City. Last year, over thirty five thousand people participated. 90 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:44,440 Speaker 4: And to understand why this is such an important holiday 91 00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:47,080 Speaker 4: for Italian heritage, we have to go back to the 92 00:05:47,120 --> 00:05:53,599 Speaker 4: late eighteen hundreds. 93 00:05:50,680 --> 00:05:53,680 Speaker 7: Between like the eighteen eighties and the nineteen twenties, when 94 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:56,640 Speaker 7: there's this huge wave of Italian immigration to the US. 95 00:05:56,720 --> 00:06:01,040 Speaker 7: Italian immigrants are facing really serious discrimination. I mean, by 96 00:06:01,080 --> 00:06:04,240 Speaker 7: and large, people are working low income jobs. They're treated 97 00:06:04,279 --> 00:06:06,720 Speaker 7: as outsiders. People are freaked out by the fact that 98 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:09,240 Speaker 7: they're not speaking English. 99 00:06:08,520 --> 00:06:12,360 Speaker 4: And because many were Catholic, they also faced religious discrimination. 100 00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:15,720 Speaker 7: I mean people are really suffering. And so in the 101 00:06:15,760 --> 00:06:18,240 Speaker 7: midst of this climate, there's a big push from within 102 00:06:18,279 --> 00:06:21,240 Speaker 7: the Italian American community to think about how can we 103 00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:23,280 Speaker 7: revise this? How can we fix what our people are 104 00:06:23,320 --> 00:06:23,920 Speaker 7: going through? 105 00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:31,160 Speaker 4: At this time, Columbus was already a celebrated explorer, and 106 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:34,320 Speaker 4: this was in large part due to author Washington Irving. 107 00:06:34,839 --> 00:06:36,680 Speaker 4: If you've heard of him, it's because he wrote the 108 00:06:36,680 --> 00:06:39,000 Speaker 4: Halloween favorite, the Legend of Sleepy Hollow. 109 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:43,200 Speaker 8: As the story goes, Acabod Crane fled across the bridge 110 00:06:43,279 --> 00:06:47,520 Speaker 8: to the old Dutch Church, racing to escape the headless 111 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:49,159 Speaker 8: horsemen towards people. 112 00:06:49,920 --> 00:06:53,280 Speaker 7: In the eighteen twenties. He writes this sort of glorified, 113 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:57,279 Speaker 7: very romanticized account of Columbus, and that work becomes very 114 00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:02,320 Speaker 7: instrumental in framing Columbus as kind of a pioneer explored. 115 00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:07,520 Speaker 4: So the Italian American community embraced Columbus, after all, he 116 00:07:07,640 --> 00:07:10,120 Speaker 4: was Italian, Catholic and a hero. 117 00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:15,600 Speaker 7: There's a Colorado newspaper owner, Angelo Noche, who's out in 118 00:07:15,640 --> 00:07:18,720 Speaker 7: Colorado and he's observing the really dismal conditions of Italian 119 00:07:18,880 --> 00:07:22,200 Speaker 7: immigrants and laborers on the railroads and in minds, and 120 00:07:22,240 --> 00:07:28,280 Speaker 7: he starts lobbying for recognition of Italian contributions to America 121 00:07:28,560 --> 00:07:31,040 Speaker 7: by turning to Christopher Columbus's. 122 00:07:30,520 --> 00:07:35,360 Speaker 4: Legacy in nineteen oh seven, Colorado becomes the first day 123 00:07:35,400 --> 00:07:38,960 Speaker 4: in the US to officially observe Columbus Day. This started 124 00:07:38,960 --> 00:07:41,360 Speaker 4: a push to make it a national holiday, and in 125 00:07:41,440 --> 00:07:45,880 Speaker 4: nineteen thirty seven, Columbus Day became a federal holiday and 126 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:49,480 Speaker 4: ongoing celebrations of Italian heritage were finally validated. 127 00:07:49,880 --> 00:07:51,679 Speaker 7: If we think about it, what are the other days 128 00:07:51,720 --> 00:07:54,960 Speaker 7: that we celebrate Italian Americans? Right, there's an absence, and 129 00:07:55,000 --> 00:07:57,400 Speaker 7: so there's a need to in the way that many 130 00:07:57,440 --> 00:08:00,760 Speaker 7: immigrant communities who have suffered discrimination and there's a pride 131 00:08:00,760 --> 00:08:03,080 Speaker 7: there of Italian and American heritage. 132 00:08:03,760 --> 00:08:06,800 Speaker 1: So Columbus Day in the United States becomes this day 133 00:08:06,840 --> 00:08:10,920 Speaker 1: of celebration for generations of Italians and Italian Americans. So 134 00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:11,840 Speaker 1: what's changed. 135 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:16,160 Speaker 4: In the sixties and seventies, Indigenous people were involved in 136 00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:19,040 Speaker 4: the civil rights movement. It was known as the Red 137 00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:22,880 Speaker 4: Power movement. The goal was to make indigenous rights part 138 00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:28,240 Speaker 4: of the political conversation and to challenge what students are 139 00:08:28,280 --> 00:08:32,280 Speaker 4: being taught. In this clip from nineteen seventy, Indigenous activist 140 00:08:32,400 --> 00:08:35,959 Speaker 4: and professor Lehmann L. Brightman addresses just that. 141 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:39,200 Speaker 8: What they teach in this country is European history under 142 00:08:39,200 --> 00:08:41,559 Speaker 8: the guise of American history because you don't find a 143 00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:43,720 Speaker 8: damn thing about Indians in your history books. 144 00:08:43,960 --> 00:08:47,360 Speaker 7: There's a real push to change education and to change 145 00:08:47,400 --> 00:08:50,120 Speaker 7: the perception the way we talk about American Indian people 146 00:08:50,600 --> 00:08:54,319 Speaker 7: right because native knowledge, native history, native perspectives had been 147 00:08:54,360 --> 00:08:56,400 Speaker 7: so devalued within the academy. 148 00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:01,480 Speaker 4: Aside from teaching and knowing this history, Elizabeth is also 149 00:09:01,559 --> 00:09:05,000 Speaker 4: a citizen of the Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. 150 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:09,040 Speaker 4: Historians also started to break down the myth of the 151 00:09:09,080 --> 00:09:10,120 Speaker 4: celebrated explorer. 152 00:09:10,480 --> 00:09:13,480 Speaker 7: Columbus Voyage left a series of diaries and documents of 153 00:09:13,520 --> 00:09:15,920 Speaker 7: that account, and it doesn't take much to kind of 154 00:09:16,280 --> 00:09:20,559 Speaker 7: go back to those original encounters and find where Columbus 155 00:09:20,559 --> 00:09:24,199 Speaker 7: and his men are talking about showing up in Caribbean islands, 156 00:09:24,760 --> 00:09:29,520 Speaker 7: capturing and enslaving Native people to make them labor, and 157 00:09:29,600 --> 00:09:33,319 Speaker 7: to destroy by conquest the native civilizations that were there 158 00:09:33,360 --> 00:09:34,760 Speaker 7: in looking for gold. 159 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:41,280 Speaker 4: All of that led to a major change in South Dakota. 160 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:46,280 Speaker 4: In the late eighties, a local indigenous owned newspaper originally 161 00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:50,240 Speaker 4: called The Lakota Times, advocated to get rid of Columbus Day, 162 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:54,200 Speaker 4: and in nineteen ninety South Dakota a seat with a 163 00:09:54,280 --> 00:09:58,200 Speaker 4: large Native population became the first date to officially replace 164 00:09:58,240 --> 00:10:00,800 Speaker 4: Columbus Day with Native Americans Day. 165 00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:04,320 Speaker 8: So while the rest of the nation celebrates Columbus Day 166 00:10:04,320 --> 00:10:07,480 Speaker 8: and pays tribute to the past, we are forging new 167 00:10:07,559 --> 00:10:10,640 Speaker 8: paths in the history of the state of South Dakota 168 00:10:10,679 --> 00:10:13,920 Speaker 8: with the celebration of the very first Native American Day 169 00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:15,120 Speaker 8: in South Dakota. 170 00:10:15,320 --> 00:10:18,480 Speaker 4: Cities would soon follow, and in nineteen ninety two, on 171 00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:23,240 Speaker 4: the five hundredth anniversary of Columbus voyage, Berkeley, California, declared 172 00:10:23,240 --> 00:10:25,320 Speaker 4: that it would no longer celebrate Columbus Day. 173 00:10:25,600 --> 00:10:28,800 Speaker 5: Native Americans are protesting, saying that his arrival led to 174 00:10:28,880 --> 00:10:33,439 Speaker 5: millions of Native deaths. So sensitive politically correct, Berkeley, California 175 00:10:33,480 --> 00:10:36,760 Speaker 5: has renamed Columbus Day Indigenous People's Day. 176 00:10:37,120 --> 00:10:39,640 Speaker 4: And even though both South Dakota and the city of 177 00:10:39,640 --> 00:10:43,400 Speaker 4: Berkeley celebrated Native people, there was a reason for using 178 00:10:43,440 --> 00:10:44,960 Speaker 4: the term indigenous. 179 00:10:45,040 --> 00:10:48,800 Speaker 7: Framing it as Indigenous instead of Native American Day is 180 00:10:48,840 --> 00:10:51,440 Speaker 7: also really important because we recognize that at this point, 181 00:10:51,480 --> 00:10:54,680 Speaker 7: in addition to Italian, American, Irish, American, all kinds of 182 00:10:54,720 --> 00:10:58,600 Speaker 7: other immigrant populations, we have a lot of indigenous migrant 183 00:10:58,679 --> 00:10:59,760 Speaker 7: populations within them. 184 00:11:00,120 --> 00:11:04,280 Speaker 4: Because as well and then one by one, states made 185 00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:08,160 Speaker 4: the change to celebrate Indigenous people over celebrating Columbus. 186 00:11:08,280 --> 00:11:10,440 Speaker 9: New Mexico became the fifth state in the US to 187 00:11:10,440 --> 00:11:13,600 Speaker 9: replace Columbus Day with Indigenous People's Day, formerly known. 188 00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:15,920 Speaker 4: As Columbus Day. Here in Alaska. Vermont has hopped on 189 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:18,000 Speaker 4: board one. Then the cities followed. 190 00:11:18,040 --> 00:11:20,600 Speaker 1: The LA City Council has voted to replace Columbus. 191 00:11:20,640 --> 00:11:23,640 Speaker 4: State Paul in Minneapolis have decided in the City of Cincinnati. 192 00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:30,880 Speaker 7: For a lot of Native people, So much of the 193 00:11:30,920 --> 00:11:33,880 Speaker 7: call for justice begins with education, so that we are 194 00:11:33,960 --> 00:11:37,280 Speaker 7: asking we understand the legacies of the American State, we 195 00:11:37,400 --> 00:11:40,120 Speaker 7: understand what Native people are going through today, and we 196 00:11:40,160 --> 00:11:43,720 Speaker 7: can begin to tie these in meaningful ways. Indigenous People's 197 00:11:43,760 --> 00:11:47,120 Speaker 7: Day just really opens up this opportunity for conversations and 198 00:11:47,160 --> 00:11:50,480 Speaker 7: for visibility. That's super important because a lot of the 199 00:11:50,480 --> 00:11:52,680 Speaker 7: rest of the time we don't think about Native people, 200 00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:56,400 Speaker 7: you know, unless you're Native. The rest of the days 201 00:11:56,400 --> 00:11:56,800 Speaker 7: of the year. 202 00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:02,360 Speaker 4: Right now, seven states in over one hundred and thirty 203 00:12:02,360 --> 00:12:08,640 Speaker 4: cities have dropped Columbus Day to celebrate Indigenous people. For 204 00:12:08,720 --> 00:12:11,320 Speaker 4: some cities, the change has been in the works for years. 205 00:12:11,920 --> 00:12:14,760 Speaker 4: So I was curious what were the conversations about this 206 00:12:14,880 --> 00:12:18,000 Speaker 4: topic in the state with the largest white population in 207 00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:18,760 Speaker 4: the country. 208 00:12:18,960 --> 00:12:20,440 Speaker 1: Board Conquer coach Lines Minums. 209 00:12:21,080 --> 00:12:23,839 Speaker 4: So I hopped on a bus and took a little 210 00:12:23,880 --> 00:12:26,400 Speaker 4: six hour ride up the east coast. 211 00:12:30,760 --> 00:12:34,200 Speaker 1: Coming up on Latino, USA producer Genese Yamoga heads to 212 00:12:34,240 --> 00:12:55,360 Speaker 1: a state that has recently made the change stay with us. Yes, hey, 213 00:12:55,440 --> 00:12:59,280 Speaker 1: we're back. And when we left off, Maine had become 214 00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:03,559 Speaker 1: one of the states to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous 215 00:13:03,559 --> 00:13:06,719 Speaker 1: People's Day. But Jennis here in the studio with me, 216 00:13:06,920 --> 00:13:10,640 Speaker 1: you were interested in the conversations going on at a 217 00:13:10,679 --> 00:13:11,360 Speaker 1: city level. 218 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:14,080 Speaker 4: Yeah, I wanted to hear what the locals had to say. 219 00:13:14,400 --> 00:13:17,080 Speaker 1: Yeah. In fact, you decided to jump on a bus 220 00:13:17,280 --> 00:13:20,320 Speaker 1: and get to Maine. So Jennie take it from here. 221 00:13:21,360 --> 00:13:22,560 Speaker 10: We're not arriving at. 222 00:13:22,440 --> 00:13:24,839 Speaker 9: The Portland terminal, so please take a good look around 223 00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:25,880 Speaker 9: make sure you have everything. 224 00:13:26,840 --> 00:13:30,000 Speaker 4: I arrived in Portland means largest city, and the next 225 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:32,920 Speaker 4: morning I drove a few hours north to Indian Island. 226 00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:39,640 Speaker 4: Indian Island is a reservation where the citizens of the 227 00:13:39,640 --> 00:13:43,479 Speaker 4: Panopscott Nation live. The island is small, with a population 228 00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:46,840 Speaker 4: of just over six hundred, and the Panops got river 229 00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:50,320 Speaker 4: shimmers and flows around it. I drive over a bridge 230 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:52,760 Speaker 4: that connects me to a few main roads on the island. 231 00:13:57,679 --> 00:14:02,599 Speaker 4: Thank yeah, I'm looking for Molliantana. Mollian Dana is a 232 00:14:02,640 --> 00:14:05,760 Speaker 4: tribal ambassador for the Panopscott Nation. Think I met her 233 00:14:05,760 --> 00:14:09,600 Speaker 4: in her office? Hi, Jennis, Yeah, thank you for leading me. 234 00:14:11,120 --> 00:14:12,000 Speaker 4: Tribal ambassador. 235 00:14:12,120 --> 00:14:15,000 Speaker 6: What does your role consist of when the House is 236 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:17,360 Speaker 6: in session or the legislatures in session. I'm there quite 237 00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:21,440 Speaker 6: a bit, testifying committees, helping to write bills, going to 238 00:14:21,480 --> 00:14:24,920 Speaker 6: the sessions, the caucuses, and kind of talking to lawmakers. 239 00:14:25,160 --> 00:14:26,120 Speaker 6: Don't call me a lobbyist. 240 00:14:27,080 --> 00:14:29,160 Speaker 4: Whenever I give that description, people say you're a lobbyist. 241 00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:30,440 Speaker 4: But it's a lot more than that. 242 00:14:30,520 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 6: It's the sovereign tribal presence in the state house. 243 00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:40,520 Speaker 4: Maine is not the most diverse place. It's about ninety 244 00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:44,400 Speaker 4: five percent white. But the state has four federally recognized 245 00:14:44,400 --> 00:14:49,320 Speaker 4: indigenous nations, the Passamaquaddi Tribe, the Holton Band of Malaiced Indians, 246 00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:53,840 Speaker 4: the Rustic Band of Micmax and the Panopscott Nation, And 247 00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:56,880 Speaker 4: historically these nations have not had a good relationship with 248 00:14:56,920 --> 00:15:00,600 Speaker 4: the state government because of issues over land rights and sovereignty. 249 00:15:01,120 --> 00:15:04,280 Speaker 4: Despite the lack of diversity. Mollian grew up on Indian Island, 250 00:15:04,440 --> 00:15:07,480 Speaker 4: surrounded by family, and she even went to school there. 251 00:15:07,720 --> 00:15:10,280 Speaker 4: Her father was a culture teacher when she was a child, 252 00:15:10,480 --> 00:15:12,520 Speaker 4: and she learned how to make baskets. 253 00:15:12,120 --> 00:15:14,480 Speaker 6: We learned how to make shelters in the woods and 254 00:15:14,480 --> 00:15:17,680 Speaker 6: build fires, different arts and crafts, and then there was 255 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:21,160 Speaker 6: kind of a component of social awareness about what it 256 00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:28,000 Speaker 6: means to be indigenous in the world today. 257 00:15:28,080 --> 00:15:30,520 Speaker 4: But everything changed when she started high school in a 258 00:15:30,520 --> 00:15:33,240 Speaker 4: city off the reservation, where she said she was one 259 00:15:33,240 --> 00:15:34,720 Speaker 4: of five indigenous students there. 260 00:15:35,040 --> 00:15:37,560 Speaker 6: So that jump from kind of being in my little 261 00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:41,960 Speaker 6: reservation community into a large school where I didn't know anybody, 262 00:15:42,080 --> 00:15:45,280 Speaker 6: and I was often on the opposite side of every 263 00:15:45,320 --> 00:15:47,680 Speaker 6: single issue for my classmates. 264 00:15:47,320 --> 00:15:51,320 Speaker 4: Like stereotypical mascots. One day she watched the basketball game 265 00:15:51,360 --> 00:15:54,920 Speaker 4: on television, a high school basketball game, and both teams 266 00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:56,360 Speaker 4: had native mascots. 267 00:15:56,680 --> 00:15:59,520 Speaker 6: One was the Warriors, but they used kind of Indian 268 00:15:59,560 --> 00:16:02,240 Speaker 6: imagery and the other school was named the Indians their 269 00:16:02,280 --> 00:16:05,800 Speaker 6: mascot and they had feathers and war pain and they 270 00:16:05,800 --> 00:16:08,520 Speaker 6: were doing the chanting and dancing and stuff and I 271 00:16:08,560 --> 00:16:11,080 Speaker 6: was watching it with my dad and I said, you know, 272 00:16:11,120 --> 00:16:13,440 Speaker 6: what the hell is this all about? I said, is 273 00:16:13,480 --> 00:16:15,720 Speaker 6: this what people think we do? Is this how people, 274 00:16:15,880 --> 00:16:16,720 Speaker 6: you know, think we act. 275 00:16:16,960 --> 00:16:19,320 Speaker 4: She started to travel as a peer educator to different 276 00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:21,760 Speaker 4: schools in Maine that had indigenous mascots. 277 00:16:21,920 --> 00:16:25,000 Speaker 6: And I walked into one school that used the Redskins 278 00:16:25,040 --> 00:16:28,960 Speaker 6: as their mascot, and just about the whole student body 279 00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:31,040 Speaker 6: was in the gymnasium. I was on a panel with 280 00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:33,400 Speaker 6: some other people and they all had their jerseys on 281 00:16:33,600 --> 00:16:36,560 Speaker 6: and they booed when we all walked in. So when 282 00:16:36,560 --> 00:16:39,480 Speaker 6: you're like sixteen years old or so and you're already 283 00:16:39,560 --> 00:16:42,680 Speaker 6: kind of insecure and in forming your place in the 284 00:16:42,720 --> 00:16:47,680 Speaker 6: world is it's extremely jarring. 285 00:16:48,760 --> 00:16:51,920 Speaker 4: Around the same time, her dad, Barry Dana, who was 286 00:16:51,960 --> 00:16:54,880 Speaker 4: our former culture teacher as a kid, became the chief 287 00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:56,440 Speaker 4: of the Panopscott. 288 00:16:55,880 --> 00:16:58,640 Speaker 6: Nation and that was very formative time for me. It 289 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:00,080 Speaker 6: was kind of when I was in high school and 290 00:17:00,200 --> 00:17:04,560 Speaker 6: to speak out about things. And he's had this drive 291 00:17:04,680 --> 00:17:06,840 Speaker 6: to have Indigenous People's Day for a long time. 292 00:17:07,440 --> 00:17:10,440 Speaker 4: So Mollian teamed up with her dad and reached out 293 00:17:10,480 --> 00:17:15,240 Speaker 4: to different communities. In twenty fifteen, Belfast became the first 294 00:17:15,240 --> 00:17:19,440 Speaker 4: city in Maine to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous People's Day. 295 00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:24,679 Speaker 4: One by one. Mollian went to meetings to give her testimony. 296 00:17:24,800 --> 00:17:26,159 Speaker 6: I want to thank my kids for being out in 297 00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:29,840 Speaker 6: the school night, so I'll keep it brief. I'm not 298 00:17:29,880 --> 00:17:32,080 Speaker 6: sure of all the testimony of her tonight, but I 299 00:17:32,080 --> 00:17:34,159 Speaker 6: can tell you a little bit about my experience as 300 00:17:34,200 --> 00:17:36,840 Speaker 6: an Indigenous woman in Maine. 301 00:17:36,320 --> 00:17:38,960 Speaker 4: Almost like a small tour going from city to city. 302 00:17:39,040 --> 00:17:41,520 Speaker 6: I ran myself ragged for a little while getting all 303 00:17:41,520 --> 00:17:44,280 Speaker 6: these meetings that it is important because when you talk 304 00:17:44,359 --> 00:17:48,720 Speaker 6: to people on a human level, saying this causes us pain. 305 00:17:49,160 --> 00:17:51,840 Speaker 6: And it's not just our feelings getting hurt. There's real 306 00:17:52,160 --> 00:17:55,320 Speaker 6: systemic things going on. And it's not just the name 307 00:17:55,359 --> 00:17:58,600 Speaker 6: of a holiday. It's so much larger, and you can 308 00:17:58,680 --> 00:18:01,640 Speaker 6: help us on our way to healing by making these changes. 309 00:18:01,920 --> 00:18:03,680 Speaker 6: That's when I saw kind of lights go off. 310 00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:10,399 Speaker 4: But in twenty seventeen, it was in Portland, Means largest city, 311 00:18:10,760 --> 00:18:17,760 Speaker 4: where she found much more resistance. The city gathered for 312 00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:19,639 Speaker 4: a council meeting on a Monday evening. 313 00:18:19,960 --> 00:18:21,760 Speaker 7: Clerk, please read Resolve three. 314 00:18:21,920 --> 00:18:26,879 Speaker 4: Dissolved three resolution recognizing Indigenous People's Day on the second 315 00:18:26,880 --> 00:18:27,840 Speaker 4: Monday in October. 316 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:30,119 Speaker 7: Sponsorfy councilor paias Ali. 317 00:18:30,119 --> 00:18:32,720 Speaker 4: And each of the residents who were there were impassioned 318 00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:34,639 Speaker 4: by this topic, including Mullian. 319 00:18:34,880 --> 00:18:38,959 Speaker 6: It's a very simple ask. You know. We can acknowledge history, 320 00:18:39,040 --> 00:18:41,320 Speaker 6: we can commemorate it. We can see Columbus as a 321 00:18:41,359 --> 00:18:45,520 Speaker 6: flawed historical figure that made contributions but also made very 322 00:18:45,560 --> 00:18:49,760 Speaker 6: atrocious and heinous crimes against humanity. That's the reality, and 323 00:18:49,840 --> 00:18:52,520 Speaker 6: you can't ask Indigenous people to gloss over that reality 324 00:18:52,560 --> 00:18:54,280 Speaker 6: so that everyone can have a day off from work. 325 00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:58,320 Speaker 4: Some of the residents had speeches prepared and some jumped 326 00:18:58,359 --> 00:19:00,040 Speaker 4: up to share their thoughts last minute. 327 00:19:00,080 --> 00:19:02,919 Speaker 9: We believe that Indigenous people of the New World deserve 328 00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:06,680 Speaker 9: their own day, They deserve a national day of their own, 329 00:19:07,800 --> 00:19:11,080 Speaker 9: but we shouldn't deny the role this seafear of from 330 00:19:11,119 --> 00:19:15,800 Speaker 9: genera had an eventual shaping of America. We propose that 331 00:19:15,880 --> 00:19:20,240 Speaker 9: we celebrate Indigenous People's Day on a separate day from 332 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:20,920 Speaker 9: Columbus Day. 333 00:19:21,080 --> 00:19:21,919 Speaker 11: Jim, your time is up. 334 00:19:21,920 --> 00:19:22,280 Speaker 12: Do you needed? 335 00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:26,200 Speaker 9: We must never obliterate the spirit of Columbus from historical memories. 336 00:19:26,440 --> 00:19:29,959 Speaker 4: Each resident had three minutes at the podium. The commentaries 337 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:31,440 Speaker 4: went on for over an hour. 338 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:34,360 Speaker 10: Yes, it is true that the Native Americans endured many 339 00:19:34,359 --> 00:19:38,280 Speaker 10: atrocities in the past, and these actions should be rectified, 340 00:19:38,600 --> 00:19:42,000 Speaker 10: but not at the expense of celebrating our Italian ancestors 341 00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:46,439 Speaker 10: who faced discrimination for centuries. We as Italian Americans, are 342 00:19:46,560 --> 00:19:49,879 Speaker 10: very proud of our heritage. Portland has a large population 343 00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:50,760 Speaker 10: of Italians. 344 00:19:51,119 --> 00:19:53,439 Speaker 4: Like most of the country, much of the pushback to 345 00:19:53,480 --> 00:19:56,639 Speaker 4: not change this holiday comes from the Italian community, and 346 00:19:56,720 --> 00:19:59,000 Speaker 4: many of those who spoke in Portland were members of 347 00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:03,760 Speaker 4: the local Italian Heritage Center. I paid a visit and 348 00:20:03,840 --> 00:20:08,479 Speaker 4: Carmela Reality was the first person to greet me. Hi, Hi, 349 00:20:08,840 --> 00:20:14,320 Speaker 4: I'm Janis, I'm to meet you. You're the president. She's 350 00:20:14,320 --> 00:20:17,119 Speaker 4: the current president of the Italian Heritage Center and her 351 00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:19,520 Speaker 4: family's been in Maine since her grandparents are right from 352 00:20:19,520 --> 00:20:20,720 Speaker 4: Italy decades ago. 353 00:20:21,040 --> 00:20:26,320 Speaker 13: My daughter Celeste, who's very into her heritage, she was 354 00:20:26,440 --> 00:20:29,760 Speaker 13: a little miss Columbus Day. Besides the parade, we had 355 00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:33,560 Speaker 13: all kinds of Italian food. It was just a big 356 00:20:33,600 --> 00:20:36,639 Speaker 13: hoop to do and we never even really talked about Columbus. 357 00:20:37,200 --> 00:20:41,159 Speaker 4: For Carmela, the celebration is about Italian heritage and not 358 00:20:41,280 --> 00:20:46,280 Speaker 4: about Columbus. It was just Columbus Day, and she talked 359 00:20:46,280 --> 00:20:48,440 Speaker 4: more about it at the City council meeting in Portland, 360 00:20:49,160 --> 00:20:52,320 Speaker 4: but she emphasized that her Italian history would be lost. 361 00:20:52,680 --> 00:21:00,600 Speaker 11: Increasingly, political correctness, multicultural education, and governments are attempting and succeeding. 362 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:02,399 Speaker 4: To stare and raise history. 363 00:21:02,520 --> 00:21:05,159 Speaker 11: If we, as children of immigrants, do not stop and 364 00:21:05,280 --> 00:21:09,000 Speaker 11: speak up as we are doing today, where does this stop? 365 00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:14,920 Speaker 11: Independence Day, Christmas Day, Saint Patrick's Day, or even Thanksgiving 366 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:18,919 Speaker 11: will fall victim to a body of people who want 367 00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:20,080 Speaker 11: an even palate. 368 00:21:21,040 --> 00:21:24,800 Speaker 4: Mollyan, the Panopscott Nation tribal ambassador we heard from earlier, 369 00:21:25,119 --> 00:21:26,760 Speaker 4: spoke after Carmela that day. 370 00:21:26,880 --> 00:21:29,920 Speaker 6: If we want to talk about rewriting history, we need 371 00:21:29,960 --> 00:21:33,040 Speaker 6: to start with a holiday Columbus Day, because he never 372 00:21:33,080 --> 00:21:38,000 Speaker 6: actually stepped foot here. It's a falsehood that Columbus discovered America. 373 00:21:38,359 --> 00:21:42,760 Speaker 6: He never entered North America, and he didn't discover anything 374 00:21:43,040 --> 00:21:44,560 Speaker 6: because there were already people here. 375 00:21:46,160 --> 00:21:49,120 Speaker 4: I told Carmela that even though she doesn't celebrate Columbus 376 00:21:49,160 --> 00:21:52,359 Speaker 4: on Columbus Day, he's still the subject of this whole debate. 377 00:21:52,840 --> 00:21:56,080 Speaker 3: And I'm sure there's good, good people and bad people 378 00:21:56,119 --> 00:21:59,600 Speaker 3: in every culture. And you know, I don't know if 379 00:21:59,600 --> 00:22:03,240 Speaker 3: it's true what they're saying about Columbus, but I'm sure 380 00:22:03,400 --> 00:22:10,200 Speaker 3: in every culture someone has done that. So all these years, 381 00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:14,320 Speaker 3: why didn't someone come forward years and years ago, and 382 00:22:14,400 --> 00:22:17,680 Speaker 3: why is it just now we still celebrated here. 383 00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:22,000 Speaker 4: So but even if she's just celebrating her culture on 384 00:22:22,040 --> 00:22:25,600 Speaker 4: Columbus Day, she's still, in a way ultimately celebrating the 385 00:22:25,600 --> 00:22:28,240 Speaker 4: person it's named after. Here's Mollyan again. 386 00:22:28,560 --> 00:22:32,159 Speaker 6: I am all for Italian Americans celebrating their heritage, but 387 00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:35,240 Speaker 6: I would just think there's got to be a better 388 00:22:35,240 --> 00:22:39,639 Speaker 6: way to celebrate Italian heritage than to celebrate kind of 389 00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:40,920 Speaker 6: a genocidal maniac. 390 00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:46,360 Speaker 4: After an hour of testimonies from residents and council members, 391 00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:48,399 Speaker 4: the council put the proposal to a vote. 392 00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:49,760 Speaker 9: Please call the role. 393 00:22:50,920 --> 00:22:53,480 Speaker 13: Oh it's hand vote Sorry, all those in favor, please 394 00:22:53,480 --> 00:22:56,040 Speaker 13: signify I've raised your hand and he opposed. 395 00:22:56,680 --> 00:22:59,880 Speaker 4: The council members raised their right hands and voted unanimously 396 00:23:00,160 --> 00:23:03,480 Speaker 4: it is unanimous to declare the change from Columbus Day 397 00:23:03,720 --> 00:23:07,080 Speaker 4: to Indigenous People's Day. In September of twenty seventeen in 398 00:23:07,119 --> 00:23:13,680 Speaker 4: the city of Portland, and the movement didn't stop there. 399 00:23:14,720 --> 00:23:16,679 Speaker 4: At the beginning of this year, the House and the 400 00:23:16,720 --> 00:23:20,120 Speaker 4: Senate passed the bill, and then April the main governor, 401 00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:22,680 Speaker 4: Janet Mills, signed it into state law. 402 00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:25,359 Speaker 10: I believe we're stronger when we lift up the voices 403 00:23:25,359 --> 00:23:28,639 Speaker 10: of those who have been harmed and marginalized in the past, 404 00:23:29,840 --> 00:23:31,959 Speaker 10: because there is power in a name and in who 405 00:23:32,040 --> 00:23:33,199 Speaker 10: we choose to honor. 406 00:23:33,359 --> 00:23:36,960 Speaker 5: Surrounded by the chiefs of Maine's four tribes, Mills signed 407 00:23:36,960 --> 00:23:40,960 Speaker 5: the law to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous People's Day. 408 00:23:49,200 --> 00:23:52,080 Speaker 1: All right, Jennis, so, Maine is actually one of the 409 00:23:52,200 --> 00:23:55,399 Speaker 1: latest states to drop Columbus Day officially. But it is 410 00:23:55,480 --> 00:23:58,480 Speaker 1: evident that even after a law has been passed and 411 00:23:58,520 --> 00:24:01,440 Speaker 1: it becomes kind of official, a lot of people are 412 00:24:01,480 --> 00:24:02,600 Speaker 1: still divided. 413 00:24:02,840 --> 00:24:05,600 Speaker 4: Yeah, and it's more than just the residence. The day 414 00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:08,800 Speaker 4: was there. October first, Nick is Growth, a mayor of 415 00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:11,520 Speaker 4: a city called Waterville, and Maine, issued on a yoral 416 00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:14,560 Speaker 4: proclamation which he read that night at a city council meeting. 417 00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:20,920 Speaker 12: Will hereby proclaim October fourteenth, twenty nineteen, to be Columbus Day, 418 00:24:21,280 --> 00:24:23,840 Speaker 12: and I urge all of Waterville's residents to celebrate this 419 00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:26,600 Speaker 12: day with appropriate ceremonies and remembrances. 420 00:24:27,040 --> 00:24:29,040 Speaker 1: Wow, is all I can say. I mean, it just 421 00:24:29,160 --> 00:24:32,439 Speaker 1: feels I guess I feel a little bit said that 422 00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:34,919 Speaker 1: the mayor feels that Christopher Columbus has got to be 423 00:24:35,040 --> 00:24:38,720 Speaker 1: so adored in this moment. And it's not that he's 424 00:24:39,320 --> 00:24:42,399 Speaker 1: being attacked, it's that people are saying there's another story 425 00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:43,480 Speaker 1: that needs to be looked at. 426 00:24:43,800 --> 00:24:46,240 Speaker 4: Yeah, and most of the residents at that meeting were 427 00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:48,679 Speaker 4: not happy. But I guess this goes to show that 428 00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:51,120 Speaker 4: people are always trying to resist change. 429 00:24:51,200 --> 00:24:52,719 Speaker 1: And I guess one of the things that we can 430 00:24:52,760 --> 00:24:55,919 Speaker 1: take away from this is that, you know, names really 431 00:24:56,040 --> 00:25:00,440 Speaker 1: are important, and it's also never too late to make 432 00:25:00,520 --> 00:25:01,720 Speaker 1: a symbolic change. 433 00:25:01,800 --> 00:25:04,320 Speaker 4: And we don't have to erase the complicated history of 434 00:25:04,359 --> 00:25:11,040 Speaker 4: this country, but we should be aware of who and 435 00:25:11,080 --> 00:25:12,600 Speaker 4: who we aren't celebrating. 436 00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:16,399 Speaker 6: Here's Mollian and when you really boil it down, it's 437 00:25:16,480 --> 00:25:21,200 Speaker 6: basically the whole country celebrating not only a lie because 438 00:25:21,240 --> 00:25:25,720 Speaker 6: Columbus did not discover the Americas. They're also celebrating this 439 00:25:25,840 --> 00:25:28,399 Speaker 6: idea that Europeans had to come over and make this 440 00:25:28,480 --> 00:25:31,200 Speaker 6: place better and improve it and wipe out the people 441 00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:33,439 Speaker 6: that were here. And that's a lot to chew On. 442 00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:36,560 Speaker 6: I think for any Indigenous person that these people are 443 00:25:36,960 --> 00:25:39,400 Speaker 6: taking a day off from work to reflect on the 444 00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:41,520 Speaker 6: fact that they wish you weren't here and that your 445 00:25:41,520 --> 00:25:43,240 Speaker 6: people didn't live through all of this. 446 00:25:53,560 --> 00:25:56,879 Speaker 1: Thank you to Jennie Yamoca for reporting that story. A 447 00:25:56,960 --> 00:26:00,880 Speaker 1: month after Maine replaced Columbus Day with Indigenous People's Day, 448 00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:06,280 Speaker 1: Maine became the first state to ban Native American mascots 449 00:26:06,280 --> 00:26:10,000 Speaker 1: in public schools and colleges. Molly and Dana, who is 450 00:26:10,040 --> 00:26:14,080 Speaker 1: the tribal ambassador to the Panobscot Nation, was a part 451 00:26:14,080 --> 00:26:19,000 Speaker 1: of that effort. Today, in twenty twenty four, seventeen states 452 00:26:19,040 --> 00:26:22,600 Speaker 1: and over one hundred and thirty cities across the US 453 00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:27,880 Speaker 1: now recognize Indigenous People's Day, but still the federal holiday 454 00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:45,600 Speaker 1: continues to be Columbus Day. This episode was produced by 455 00:26:45,680 --> 00:26:49,000 Speaker 1: James Yamoca with help from adrian A Tapia, and edited 456 00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:52,680 Speaker 1: by Fernanda ca Marena. Fact checking for this episode by 457 00:26:52,720 --> 00:26:58,520 Speaker 1: Amy Tardiff. The Latino USA team includes Julia Caruso, Jessica Ellis, 458 00:26:58,640 --> 00:27:04,200 Speaker 1: Victoria Strada, Renaldo Leanos Junior, Stephanie Lebau, Andrea Lopez Grusado, 459 00:27:04,440 --> 00:27:09,159 Speaker 1: Luis Luna, Jri Mar Marquez, Marta Martinez, Nor Saudi, and 460 00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:13,840 Speaker 1: Nancy Drujillo. Bennileei Ramirez is our co executive producer. I'm 461 00:27:13,880 --> 00:27:17,159 Speaker 1: your co executive producer and host Maria Inojosa join us 462 00:27:17,160 --> 00:27:19,760 Speaker 1: again on our next episode. In the meantime, look for 463 00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:22,440 Speaker 1: us on all of your social media and I'll see 464 00:27:22,480 --> 00:27:26,160 Speaker 1: you as usual. A mean Steger mate bayas Bye. 465 00:27:29,680 --> 00:27:33,760 Speaker 2: Latino USA is made possible in part by the Heising 466 00:27:33,840 --> 00:27:41,000 Speaker 2: Simons Foundation. Unlocking Knowledge, opportunity, and possibilities more at hsfoundation 467 00:27:41,240 --> 00:27:47,159 Speaker 2: dot org, Skyline Foundation and funding for Latino USA is 468 00:27:47,240 --> 00:27:50,200 Speaker 2: Coverage of a culture of Health is made possible in 469 00:27:50,280 --> 00:27:53,000 Speaker 2: part by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. 470 00:27:56,600 --> 00:27:58,600 Speaker 4: I want to turn this off because it's probably not 471 00:27:58,760 --> 00:28:02,040 Speaker 4: safe for me to drive and voice memo goodbye.