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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know from how Stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark,

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Speaker 1: and there's Charles W. Chuck Bryan, there's Casper the Ghost

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Speaker 1: or your producer. Hi Casper. Yeah, Jerry's on vacation. Guest

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Speaker 1: producer Tristan came in and tapped the record button with

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Speaker 1: his nose as his per tradition, and then he left.

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Speaker 1: Here we are. That's the new tradition. People just come

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Speaker 1: in and be like, yeah, here you go. See remember

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Speaker 1: the old days when guest producers would claim her to

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Speaker 1: get in here and witness the magic. I remember, I

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Speaker 1: can remember. Now they draw lots and just go all right.

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Speaker 1: I guess I'll go hit record and leave. I'd like

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Speaker 1: to think it's because they're all overworked. That's why it's

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Speaker 1: not like, you know, we're past a No, it could

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Speaker 1: be both, though. I guess how you doing. I'm doing

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Speaker 1: good man. I'm excited about this one. It's nice to

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Speaker 1: have something that doesn't, you know, have that much weight

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Speaker 1: to it. Yeah, I needed a little lighter break. Uh

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Speaker 1: and big thanks by the way to Denver, Colorado. Just

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Speaker 1: came back from Denver for two sold out shows. Two

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Speaker 1: great shows. Yeah, and it was. It was a lot

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Speaker 1: of fun. I had fun as well. It was a

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Speaker 1: good show. I think that second one, for my money,

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Speaker 1: is the one we should release, as are the version

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Speaker 1: of that show. Which live shows have we released? I

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Speaker 1: know Chicago was Pinto's pr PRR toes was Atlantic because

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Speaker 1: that was the benefit show? And what about dB Cooper

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Speaker 1: dB Cooper with Seattle I believe, and then Grave Robbing

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Speaker 1: was somewhere in the UK, I would imagine. I think

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Speaker 1: I think it was London, all right. So we have

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Speaker 1: not released a Denver show. No, we definitely haven't. We

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Speaker 1: have not, so this could be the one. If you

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Speaker 1: ask me, it was just on and popping well money,

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Speaker 1: You know me, I don't like to overthink these things,

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Speaker 1: so I'm generally just prone to say it's good enough

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Speaker 1: for you, it's good enough for me. That's very nice

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Speaker 1: of you. Let's me get away with a lot. That's right. Um,

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Speaker 1: all right, well chuck, um hmm. I'm prepared now, are you? Yes? Well,

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Speaker 1: then let us speak in talking about jobs that just

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Speaker 1: aren't around anymore, the old stuff you should know. Top ten,

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Speaker 1: which means we'll do what eight maybe if we feel

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Speaker 1: like it certainly not ten. I'll tell you that I agree.

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Speaker 1: So there's actually this article I thought started out pretty

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Speaker 1: cleverly talking about some jobs that are probably going to

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Speaker 1: be extinct in the near future, at least as far

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Speaker 1: as the US Bureau of Labor Statistics is concerned. I

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Speaker 1: didn't even look at that part. So so there's a

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Speaker 1: few coming up word processors and typists. Not not a

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Speaker 1: lot of time left on that profession. Door to door

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Speaker 1: sales workers, which I took issue with because I can

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Speaker 1: see people wanting that personal touch of being bothered and

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Speaker 1: harassed by a salesperson. You know happened, Yeah, I think

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Speaker 1: now it mostly happens like didn't you want to sign

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Speaker 1: this this um petition or something like that, especially the

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Speaker 1: door to door thing, not like here's a vacuum cleaner

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Speaker 1: or set of Encyclopedia Britannicas. I do you know how

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Speaker 1: just blown away you would be if somebody came up

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Speaker 1: to your door and tried to sell you a vacuum cleaner.

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Speaker 1: You'd be like, what's your angle? Are you case in

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Speaker 1: my house or Encyclopedia's I mean, that's even moral fashion.

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Speaker 1: At least you still use vacuum cleaners. Yeah, for sure,

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Speaker 1: that's true. The last one on this list was mail carriers,

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Speaker 1: which will I don't know, man, I could see, I

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Speaker 1: could see there's always going to be a need for

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Speaker 1: physical correspondence, or there will be for a very long time.

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Speaker 1: I don't know about that one. But the upshot of

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Speaker 1: all this is is this, Chuck, there's this guy who

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Speaker 1: you boat you and I know, uh named John Maynard Keynes,

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Speaker 1: and he is an economist. He was an economist liberal economist,

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Speaker 1: and he will wrote back in an essay called Economic

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Speaker 1: Stabilities of our Grandchildren, and it's actually like a quick

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Speaker 1: easy read. But then he basically said a hundred years

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Speaker 1: hence so by we will have done away with work,

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Speaker 1: will have automated basically every process you can think of,

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Speaker 1: and humans will be totally out of work. And he

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Speaker 1: said that will be a really good thing, because we

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Speaker 1: will still be generating wealth, but we just won't have

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Speaker 1: to work. So people will start writing bad poetry and

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Speaker 1: painting terrible paintings, and eventually we'll get better and better,

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Speaker 1: and there'll be like a big blooming of the arts

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Speaker 1: and of like interpersonal relationships and things like that, and

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Speaker 1: we'll just be able to hang out and chill, and

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Speaker 1: we've come close to that. But there's a lot of

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Speaker 1: a lot of holes in Keynes's argument, whereas like if

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Speaker 1: you if you're gonna do this, you kind of have

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Speaker 1: to figure out a way to distribute the wealth evenly,

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Speaker 1: or else you just end up with the people who

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Speaker 1: own the machines are the ones who get wealthy, and

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Speaker 1: everybody else is just out of work. But setting all

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Speaker 1: of that aside, there is a silverlyinging to the idea

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Speaker 1: that jobs can be extinct. And these this list of

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Speaker 1: jobs to me kind of shows like, Okay, you know,

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Speaker 1: we move on without this kind of stuff. Yes, it's

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Speaker 1: rough for the people who had that job, but you

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Speaker 1: can get new training and learn another job, which for

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Speaker 1: my money is part and parcel with getting rid of

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Speaker 1: one job. You need to train somebody for another job

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Speaker 1: as long as we humans can work. Yeah, And it's uh,

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Speaker 1: I think with most jobs it's not like I mean,

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Speaker 1: in some cases the thing just no longer exists, but

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Speaker 1: if it's replaced by a better or newer technology or both,

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Speaker 1: then then that becomes the job. So I've never bought

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Speaker 1: into this whole, like, you know, we need to protect

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Speaker 1: these jobs that are surely antiquated just to keep these

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Speaker 1: people in work. It's like, no, man, you've got to

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Speaker 1: roll at the times you do. But I think that

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Speaker 1: one of the rules of like government or even industry

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Speaker 1: is to to provide training to keep up with those times.

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Speaker 1: Sure if if so, someone so chooses for sure. Sure. Yeah. Now,

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Speaker 1: if it's all robots doing everything all the time, then

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Speaker 1: we should be able to choose not to and you

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Speaker 1: should have a nice universal basic income. But someone has

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Speaker 1: to build and fix those robots, and well you build

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Speaker 1: other robots to do that, all the materials and at

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Speaker 1: some point, I just I don't think I agree with

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Speaker 1: him fully that nobody will be working at some point

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Speaker 1: you disagree with Can's all right, let's get to it.

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Speaker 1: Because first, the first job on this list, I don't

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Speaker 1: think anybody was really sad to see go, although that's

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Speaker 1: not necessarily true. There were fans well, and I know

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Speaker 1: one person in particular it was probably pretty sad. Oh well,

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Speaker 1: we'll get to him, okay. Chariot racing, Yeah, that's an

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Speaker 1: extinct job. You cannot anywhere in the world find a

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Speaker 1: professional chariot racer as far as we know. Yeah, but

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Speaker 1: this was one that was a very very big sport

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Speaker 1: back in the day and was literally like NASCAR was today,

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Speaker 1: very much so. Yeah, I mean they had, uh, if

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Speaker 1: you if you look at let's say they called this

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Speaker 1: the tracks circuses, if you look at Circus Maximus in

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Speaker 1: ancient Rome, this thing, I mean, these things started out

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Speaker 1: where people could just like sit on the hillside and

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Speaker 1: watch races, but it evolved into Circus Maximus, which held

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Speaker 1: a hundred and fifty thousand spectators. I saw two hundred

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Speaker 1: and fifty really. Yeah, well, let's just say it's somewhere

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Speaker 1: between that then, right between those two numbers. Either way,

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Speaker 1: it's super impressive, agreed. Yeah, And of course, if you

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Speaker 1: don't know what a chariot races, it's very simple. It's

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Speaker 1: just a race where a horse pulls a man in

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Speaker 1: a in a little two wheeled vehicle called a chariot. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Everyone's seen a chariot, and the depictions I've always seen

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Speaker 1: from cartoons to movies actually apparently were very um accurate.

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Speaker 1: It's like closed off in the front and then kind

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Speaker 1: of tapered down the sides and open in the back.

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Speaker 1: There was one axle with two wheels and it was

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Speaker 1: connected to a team of horses. Usually about four horses,

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Speaker 1: maybe two maybe six um and it went really really

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Speaker 1: fast and it was really really flimsy. So if you

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Speaker 1: collided with another chariot, there was a pretty good chance

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Speaker 1: your chariot was going to disintegrate and you were going

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Speaker 1: to be in trouble. Yeah, I mean just sort of

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Speaker 1: like modern race cars. The chariots they designed for military battle,

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Speaker 1: we're not like this. They were very sturdy, often had

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Speaker 1: a lot of metal and reinforcements. But if you were

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Speaker 1: out there racing, you know, you wanted to win, so

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Speaker 1: your chariot was super light, probably just made of wood.

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Speaker 1: You were probably standing on that axle. It's not like

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Speaker 1: they you know, you were sitting on some big throne

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Speaker 1: in the center of your chariot. And uh, it was

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Speaker 1: sort of like horse racing. They would you would draw

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Speaker 1: lots for position, they would drop the white cloth, uh,

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Speaker 1: and then up to twelve racers at a time, you know,

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Speaker 1: the gates would open and you were off. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: there were the height of the Roman Empire. There were

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Speaker 1: four and then later on six teams. It was a

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Speaker 1: red team, a white team, a blue team, and a

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Speaker 1: green team originally, then they added purple and gold and

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Speaker 1: like you said, this is like NASCAR. Are people devoted

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Speaker 1: to these teams like they're devoted to racers today, or

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Speaker 1: like to football or soccer today? Um? Just fanatics. There

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Speaker 1: was a story that Pliny wrote of a guy who

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Speaker 1: is a fan of the Red team and when one

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Speaker 1: of the Red team racers died, the fan threw himself

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Speaker 1: onto his funeral pyre killed himself out of grief. Wow,

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Speaker 1: which you know that happens weekly in NASCAR, you know, Uh,

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Speaker 1: except they throw themselves on their their turkey friar. I

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Speaker 1: don't know why I think that. I think that's probably

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Speaker 1: pretty accurate, man. I bet there's a lot of turkey

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Speaker 1: friars or maybe their barbecue pit, how about that? Sure?

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Speaker 1: So the dude I mentioned that was probably pretty sad

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Speaker 1: to see it go, although he did finish his career,

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Speaker 1: it's not like the sport went away. His name was

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Speaker 1: Gaius Diocles. I haven't heard of this cat. He was

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Speaker 1: someone who was likely one of the most rich people

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Speaker 1: in ancient Rome that was not a member of you know,

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Speaker 1: royalty or whatever. He raced from the eighteen to the

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Speaker 1: age of forty two, close to races, and I was

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Speaker 1: trying to find out some sort of some kind of

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Speaker 1: ballpark conversion of their money compared to our money today,

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Speaker 1: and most everyone with a brain on the internet and

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Speaker 1: internet said no, don't even bother, although some people were like,

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Speaker 1: it's really just like a one to one ratio, So

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Speaker 1: I don't buy that. But supposedly he amassed a wealth

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Speaker 1: of thirty six million whatever you however, you pronounced that

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Speaker 1: sesster cs. I haven't seen that word before. Ever, that

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Speaker 1: was their money. I don't know s E S T

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Speaker 1: E r c E s. Yeah, I've never seen that.

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Speaker 1: So I mean, let's say it is a dollar then

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Speaker 1: about thirty six million bucks, which made him one of

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Speaker 1: the richest people. Yeah, it is. It is impossible that

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Speaker 1: the ratio or the conversion is a dollar to like

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Speaker 1: one to one, I would think, so right, Yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: totally impossible. Yeah, that was just some dummy on answer

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Speaker 1: this dot com or something. Yeah, I'm tired of thinking

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Speaker 1: about this. Just say it's wonder why. I think it

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Speaker 1: was from the webs website take a stab at it

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Speaker 1: dot com. But that guy raised from eight to two

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Speaker 1: huh eighteen years old, and apparently he not only was

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Speaker 1: super rich, but he kept a lot of records of

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Speaker 1: his races. So he's one of the only people we

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Speaker 1: can look back on and say, you know, he raced this.

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Speaker 1: I mean he only one about a third of his

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Speaker 1: races to it looked like so. But even still just

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Speaker 1: surviving that many races as boggling, like this is really dangerous.

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Speaker 1: You know, like if you're if your chariot basically exploded,

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Speaker 1: you had lashed the reins to your horses around your

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Speaker 1: waist to stabilize yourself better, and you were still connected

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Speaker 1: to your horses by your waist and now they were dry.

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Speaker 1: I give you possibly to death. So most most most

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Speaker 1: racers carried a knife on them to cut themselves loose

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Speaker 1: in case they weren't always quick enough with it. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and then you had to get your knife out while

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Speaker 1: you're being drug at however many miles an hour or

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Speaker 1: whatever they used to distinguish speed. Plus there's always like

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Speaker 1: a bad guy villain like in the ban Her race,

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Speaker 1: who was trying to like chop up your chariot and

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Speaker 1: whip you. Yeah. I didn't see rules as far as

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Speaker 1: that went, is like were they clean races or was

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Speaker 1: it you could you know, stick a a staff through

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Speaker 1: somebody's wheel and flip them over. I did not see.

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Speaker 1: I thought there was a range of activities. Yeah, that'd

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Speaker 1: be my guess. You want to take a break. We

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Speaker 1: already I mean that chariot race took up a lot

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Speaker 1: more time than I thought. This is gonna be like

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Speaker 1: a three hour episode. Uh, yeah, let's take a break

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Speaker 1: and we'll do what four more? Yes, didn't take another break?

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Speaker 1: Sounds good. Alright, we're back Chuck with another old job

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Speaker 1: that's not around anymore. This one's armorer, Yes, which is

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Speaker 1: hard to say. It really strains the back necks, the

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Speaker 1: back neck muscles. Yeah, I mean, there is a modern

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Speaker 1: job called an armorer, but we're talking about the dudes

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Speaker 1: in the Middle Ages who would build your body armor,

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Speaker 1: which was I mean extraordinarily skilled craft like you couldn't

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Speaker 1: go to school to learn how to be an armorer.

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Speaker 1: You basically had to be born the son of an

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Speaker 1: armorer because the skill was passed along from father to son,

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Speaker 1: and secrets of how to make these these suits of

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Speaker 1: armor were kept very closely secret by um by the

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Speaker 1: people who knew what they were doing, because they had

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Speaker 1: a lot of competition, and so as a result, historians

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Speaker 1: and I guess armor specialists of today still have questions

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Speaker 1: about how some of these guys made some of these

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Speaker 1: amazing suits of armor because they didn't leave any evidence

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Speaker 1: of exactly how they did it. Yeah. I mean the

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Speaker 1: process would start as just like a we are the

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Speaker 1: people that make suits, uh Taylor Taylor, like a tailor

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Speaker 1: might today. So you would lumber up, you would uh,

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Speaker 1: you would strip down to your linen's and they would

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Speaker 1: take your measurements and then make a replica of your body,

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Speaker 1: uh if they so had the time out of wood

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Speaker 1: or something. Because it would take a long time, Like

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Speaker 1: you couldn't if you wanted a quality suit of armor,

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Speaker 1: you couldn't go in there and say turn it around

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Speaker 1: in a week, like sometimes it would take months and

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Speaker 1: even more than a year. Yeah, I saw years in

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Speaker 1: some cases. Yeah, because if you want the good stuff,

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Speaker 1: you gotta go. And these people made a lot of money.

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Speaker 1: They they were like a subset of the smithies, like

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Speaker 1: you said, like it was not something that everyone was

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Speaker 1: good at. So they would spend a lot of time

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Speaker 1: with wealthy people. They made a lot of money themselves,

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Speaker 1: and so they had kind of a much higher standing

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Speaker 1: as opposed to like a regular smithy might yeah, and

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Speaker 1: and the suits of armor that we see today, um,

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Speaker 1: the ones you think of usually like a British night

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Speaker 1: or something like that wearing it, those were made of

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Speaker 1: like high quality steel. But steal back then this is

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Speaker 1: like fairly fairly early after we really figured out how

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Speaker 1: to make steal reliably. And um, it was a real

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Speaker 1: bear to work with because you would have to you'd

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Speaker 1: hammer it and then you'd have to heat it up

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Speaker 1: again and hammer it some more, and it would cool

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Speaker 1: as you were hammering it and you have to heat

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Speaker 1: it up again. So it was really tough to work with,

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Speaker 1: but it was pretty strong. Um. The thing is, because

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Speaker 1: steel was rare, it was also very expensive to work with.

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Speaker 1: And so the suits of armor we see today, like

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Speaker 1: in museums and things, usually come from the sixteenth century.

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Speaker 1: And even though they were making suits of armor similar

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Speaker 1: to that and as far back as like the fourteenth

290
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Speaker 1: and fifteenth centuries, you don't see those because they reused

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Speaker 1: that old steel from the old suits of armor into

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Speaker 1: the new ones. And then they finally ended in the

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Speaker 1: sixteenth century when they stopped making suits of armor. But

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Speaker 1: that's why you only see almost exclusively sixteenth century suits

295
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Speaker 1: of armor that makes sense. Also saw that, um they

296
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Speaker 1: tried to set up shop near the materials, so instead

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Speaker 1: of having the transport stuff long distances and and it

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Speaker 1: sounds like it was in pretty high demand if like

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Speaker 1: you know, let's say someone died in battle and then

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Speaker 1: they would say they wouldn't just leave that stuff out there.

301
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Speaker 1: Somebody would go and gather up all this stuff. UM.

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Speaker 1: So I think just living near the product or the

303
00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:04,159
Speaker 1: base materials was a big advantage if you were an armorer. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and armors kept up their trade. I mean eventually the

305
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Speaker 1: the so muskets came along well. At first it made

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Speaker 1: armor even better. It like pushed the development of armor

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Speaker 1: plating along even further. But then it outpaced musket development,

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Speaker 1: outpaced armor development, and then there was no reason to

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Speaker 1: have um armor any longer because you could just shoot

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Speaker 1: right through it. But but up to that point, the

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00:17:30,720 --> 00:17:33,359
Speaker 1: armor plating got better, but then people stopped wearing as

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Speaker 1: much of it, until you basically had a chess plate

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Speaker 1: in a backplate and you would see people battling still.

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Speaker 1: I think even uh Napoleon's troops wore chest and backplate

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Speaker 1: armor and in the American Civil War and that's it,

316
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Speaker 1: they were naked right, like, it's so cool, but the well,

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Speaker 1: no one more thing. In the American Civil War, there

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Speaker 1: were people who sold chess plates. Yeah, and I think

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Speaker 1: that was about as as late as it went, late

320
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Speaker 1: nineteenth early twentieth century, you could still find an army

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Speaker 1: here they're wearing a breastplate. Maybe. Yeah. I imagine that

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Speaker 1: even later on with the advent of muskets, uh, something

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Speaker 1: that could stop an arrow or or a sword, like,

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Speaker 1: you would probably still feel pretty good about wearing that.

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Speaker 1: It wasn't too heavy. One thing I saw that I

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Speaker 1: thought was pretty ridiculous was that one of the reasons

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Speaker 1: soldiers didn't didn't wear a more widespread in the Civil

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Speaker 1: War in America was one it was tough to to

329
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Speaker 1: lug around. They got heavy, so when you're on the march,

330
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Speaker 1: I don't really want to carry that. But then secondly,

331
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Speaker 1: like they would be chided as cowards by their by

332
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Speaker 1: their fellow soldiers, which is like, are you a coward

333
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Speaker 1: just for taking an extra step of protection and extra

334
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Speaker 1: measure of protection when you're out there on the battlefield.

335
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Speaker 1: I'm wondering if I'm missing something. I don't know. I mean,

336
00:18:59,520 --> 00:19:01,720
Speaker 1: maybe back then it was just getting that time where

337
00:19:01,760 --> 00:19:06,080
Speaker 1: they were like old Sally backplate over there, right, he

338
00:19:06,119 --> 00:19:08,480
Speaker 1: didn't want to take an arrow to the back. Or

339
00:19:08,520 --> 00:19:10,560
Speaker 1: if you were richie rich, because you could afford a

340
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Speaker 1: breastplate and everybody else couldn't. So they just kind of

341
00:19:12,920 --> 00:19:16,679
Speaker 1: peer pressured you into dying along with them. Maybe maybe

342
00:19:18,200 --> 00:19:23,919
Speaker 1: peer pressure you into dying pressure. It's pretty bad. You

343
00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:26,479
Speaker 1: don't want to succumb to that peer pressure. So in

344
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Speaker 1: this case, the armorer, and we didn't say in the

345
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Speaker 1: last one, the chariot racers went away with the fall

346
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Speaker 1: of the Roman Empire. This job armor went away basically

347
00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:40,280
Speaker 1: when when muskets became capable of piercing steel. Yeah, and

348
00:19:40,359 --> 00:19:43,080
Speaker 1: after that, like I said, it may help with the

349
00:19:43,600 --> 00:19:48,399
Speaker 1: odd arrow or knife thrust, but maybe a throwing star,

350
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:53,440
Speaker 1: the famous throwing stars of the Civil War. Uh, shall

351
00:19:53,480 --> 00:19:56,760
Speaker 1: we move on? Yeah, man, moving along, We're gonna stick around.

352
00:19:56,760 --> 00:19:58,760
Speaker 1: In the Middle Ages, it just kind of head on

353
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Speaker 1: over to the court jester. Yeah. I think this is

354
00:20:02,320 --> 00:20:08,119
Speaker 1: one where there's a lot of misconceptions because while in

355
00:20:08,119 --> 00:20:11,480
Speaker 1: the Middle Ages there were court jesters who would dance

356
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Speaker 1: around with the colored cloths and the and the little

357
00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:19,280
Speaker 1: hat with the bells on it and stuff like that

358
00:20:19,280 --> 00:20:23,120
Speaker 1: that did occur, but from what I gathered, the general

359
00:20:23,160 --> 00:20:28,600
Speaker 1: court jester didn't really wear that that often. No. And

360
00:20:28,720 --> 00:20:31,399
Speaker 1: I think one of the other misconceptions too, is that

361
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Speaker 1: they were kind of lunkheads or dummies or just simpletons

362
00:20:36,359 --> 00:20:38,800
Speaker 1: who knows, however you want to put it, when actually

363
00:20:38,840 --> 00:20:44,000
Speaker 1: they were extraordinarily stu usually among the highest educated people

364
00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:48,760
Speaker 1: in in any given country, certainly in a court. Um.

365
00:20:48,800 --> 00:20:54,919
Speaker 1: And that they were less fools and more satirists. Yeah, alright,

366
00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:56,800
Speaker 1: so let's let's break this down. There were a few

367
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Speaker 1: different types. The type you're talking about is the the

368
00:21:00,880 --> 00:21:05,520
Speaker 1: legit court jester who would generally perform at the behest

369
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Speaker 1: of the court. Uh. And those are the ones that

370
00:21:08,880 --> 00:21:11,000
Speaker 1: were sometimes some of the only people who could speak

371
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Speaker 1: ill of the king or queen as a satirist. Uh.

372
00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:17,399
Speaker 1: You know, but you still would run a risk, you know,

373
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Speaker 1: if you took it too far. Imagine there was more

374
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Speaker 1: than one court jester who found their their head on

375
00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:24,280
Speaker 1: a stake at some point, for sure. Actually, I think

376
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Speaker 1: the last one known to have lived, um Dicky Pierce,

377
00:21:27,560 --> 00:21:30,160
Speaker 1: who was the fool to the Earl of Earl of Suffolk,

378
00:21:30,640 --> 00:21:34,040
Speaker 1: fell to his death from a pulpit and they think

379
00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:38,840
Speaker 1: they The official line is that he slipped, but um,

380
00:21:38,960 --> 00:21:42,280
Speaker 1: somebody thinks that he may have actually been pushed by

381
00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:46,000
Speaker 1: somebody who didn't like his little shove his stick. Yeah.

382
00:21:46,119 --> 00:21:48,800
Speaker 1: So uh, it says in this one article, I found

383
00:21:48,800 --> 00:21:51,320
Speaker 1: that three types of fool emerged, and that one was

384
00:21:51,359 --> 00:21:55,080
Speaker 1: the official court jester. Uh. A lot of times they

385
00:21:55,080 --> 00:21:58,719
Speaker 1: would just wear normal clothes rather than that little outfit

386
00:21:58,800 --> 00:22:01,520
Speaker 1: that we all know is the court ester. But then

387
00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:05,760
Speaker 1: there were definitely noble families and wealthy people who would

388
00:22:05,760 --> 00:22:09,719
Speaker 1: adopt men and women who had mental illness or some

389
00:22:09,760 --> 00:22:12,439
Speaker 1: sort of physical deformity, and they were a little more

390
00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:15,720
Speaker 1: They called them innocent fools, and they weren't paid. They

391
00:22:15,720 --> 00:22:20,720
Speaker 1: were just kept around, almost like amusing pets, like wild

392
00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:24,920
Speaker 1: Peter from the Feral episode the Fear of Feareral Children episode. Yeah,

393
00:22:24,920 --> 00:22:26,919
Speaker 1: and they would get like food and clothes and lodging

394
00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:30,320
Speaker 1: and stuff like that, which I think was saying quite

395
00:22:30,320 --> 00:22:36,080
Speaker 1: a bit, yeah, because that was that value, you know. Uh.

396
00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:38,560
Speaker 1: And then they said the third class was were people

397
00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:42,440
Speaker 1: of the members of the fool societies that were big

398
00:22:42,480 --> 00:22:44,520
Speaker 1: in France. And I think these were more of like

399
00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:48,360
Speaker 1: what we would consider now like a rin fair performing yea,

400
00:22:49,400 --> 00:22:52,000
Speaker 1: and they would definitely wear those outfits and really played up.

401
00:22:53,400 --> 00:22:58,200
Speaker 1: So um the the type of fool that that belonged

402
00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:01,520
Speaker 1: to a court that um they actually had like a

403
00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:06,440
Speaker 1: really important position in the kingdom because like you said,

404
00:23:06,440 --> 00:23:10,000
Speaker 1: they were satirists, um, and they could satirize at their

405
00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:13,040
Speaker 1: own peril. But they were also capable I think of

406
00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:15,240
Speaker 1: surviving by bringing it right up to the line, by

407
00:23:15,240 --> 00:23:18,400
Speaker 1: knowing just how how far you could press the king

408
00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:21,760
Speaker 1: or the queen um or the court. But in doing

409
00:23:21,800 --> 00:23:25,040
Speaker 1: this you could you could you you provided a service

410
00:23:25,040 --> 00:23:27,840
Speaker 1: to your fellow countrymen, and that you could keep the

411
00:23:27,920 --> 00:23:30,760
Speaker 1: king from getting bored and maybe going off to war

412
00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:36,440
Speaker 1: um uh inadvisable, or coming up with some terrible new laws.

413
00:23:36,720 --> 00:23:39,440
Speaker 1: Or if there were some terrible new laws, the gesture

414
00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:42,920
Speaker 1: was in a position to make fun of them satirically

415
00:23:43,240 --> 00:23:46,000
Speaker 1: and maybe make the king rethink these policies, to help

416
00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:48,280
Speaker 1: out your fellow your fellow people. So it was a

417
00:23:48,359 --> 00:23:51,879
Speaker 1: very important position because you were basically the only person

418
00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:56,359
Speaker 1: in the entire court who had the ability to speak freely.

419
00:23:56,359 --> 00:23:58,760
Speaker 1: And again it was at your own peril to an extent,

420
00:23:58,880 --> 00:24:01,040
Speaker 1: but for the most part it was accepted that you

421
00:24:01,080 --> 00:24:03,000
Speaker 1: could poke fun at the king and the court and

422
00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:06,320
Speaker 1: policy and the state of affairs. Imagine it was a

423
00:24:06,320 --> 00:24:09,639
Speaker 1: bit of a nerve wracking job. You would also do

424
00:24:09,720 --> 00:24:13,240
Speaker 1: other things. Sometimes you would have other jobs like keeper

425
00:24:13,280 --> 00:24:16,280
Speaker 1: of the hounds. Sometimes they would buy the livestock for

426
00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:19,199
Speaker 1: the family. Uh. And then during times of war they

427
00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:23,400
Speaker 1: would actually function, um almost as like a us O might.

428
00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:26,360
Speaker 1: Like they would be brought to the front lines to entertain,

429
00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:29,920
Speaker 1: uh well to to to do two things. They would

430
00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:32,280
Speaker 1: entertain their own troops to kind of try and ease

431
00:24:32,359 --> 00:24:35,760
Speaker 1: them before battle, or they would mock the other side

432
00:24:36,119 --> 00:24:39,280
Speaker 1: uh and try and like try and actually thwart their

433
00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:41,120
Speaker 1: plan because they would get so mad at the jester

434
00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:44,159
Speaker 1: they would not be thinking clearly and like make some

435
00:24:44,240 --> 00:24:47,560
Speaker 1: kind of mistake because the haunting. Yeah, because the jester

436
00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:51,840
Speaker 1: farted in their general direction. Well, it's funny you mentioned that,

437
00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:54,160
Speaker 1: because I did see a lot of times they would

438
00:24:54,160 --> 00:24:56,440
Speaker 1: be rewarded with land at the end of their tenure.

439
00:24:57,200 --> 00:25:00,520
Speaker 1: And King Henry the Second gave his jest your thirty

440
00:25:00,520 --> 00:25:03,080
Speaker 1: acres upon retirement as long as he came back every

441
00:25:03,119 --> 00:25:08,000
Speaker 1: Christmas to leap, whistle and fart. That's it. He's like

442
00:25:08,080 --> 00:25:10,840
Speaker 1: you get one leap, one whistle, and one far and

443
00:25:10,880 --> 00:25:13,560
Speaker 1: if your fart sounds like a whistle, then he just

444
00:25:13,640 --> 00:25:17,280
Speaker 1: knocked out two birds of once. Nice. So this with

445
00:25:17,320 --> 00:25:20,119
Speaker 1: this job, I'm not entirely sure why it went away.

446
00:25:20,160 --> 00:25:22,679
Speaker 1: I think we need gestures more than ever. Um. But

447
00:25:22,840 --> 00:25:25,360
Speaker 1: the last one, like I said, was Dickie Pierce, who

448
00:25:25,440 --> 00:25:27,600
Speaker 1: was full to the Earl of Suffolk, and he died

449
00:25:27,640 --> 00:25:32,720
Speaker 1: in seventy of misadventure. Really well, yeah, he felt that

450
00:25:33,640 --> 00:25:37,320
Speaker 1: maybe shoved. Yeah, possible homicide. I guess the closest thing

451
00:25:37,320 --> 00:25:41,640
Speaker 1: we have now are either political cartoonists or the White

452
00:25:41,640 --> 00:25:46,600
Speaker 1: House correspondence dinner or the Onion or the onion. Who. Man,

453
00:25:46,760 --> 00:25:50,760
Speaker 1: they've just been killing it since day one. Still, after

454
00:25:50,840 --> 00:25:54,280
Speaker 1: all this time and an evolution, the onion is still

455
00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:59,199
Speaker 1: just doing great stuff. Agreed. Um, Moving on. Yeah, So

456
00:25:59,240 --> 00:26:03,240
Speaker 1: we're gonna advanced forward a little bit. Lulu new to

457
00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:08,439
Speaker 1: the Victorian England to the late nineteenth century. And I

458
00:26:08,480 --> 00:26:11,320
Speaker 1: had never heard of this job before. You no, but

459
00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:13,280
Speaker 1: we have talked a lot in the past about the

460
00:26:13,440 --> 00:26:18,520
Speaker 1: sheer build up of horse manure before cars weren't invented.

461
00:26:18,560 --> 00:26:20,680
Speaker 1: I can't remember the stat in New York City but

462
00:26:20,800 --> 00:26:23,639
Speaker 1: it's astounding. I found one in London that there were

463
00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:29,000
Speaker 1: a thousand tons of horsepoop generated a day in London streets,

464
00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:31,480
Speaker 1: a thousand tons, and like this stuff would just be

465
00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:34,159
Speaker 1: right there in the middle of the street. There was

466
00:26:34,200 --> 00:26:36,919
Speaker 1: also trash, there was also human waste. There was just

467
00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:41,600
Speaker 1: all sorts of stuff, terrible stuff everywhere. And part of

468
00:26:41,640 --> 00:26:44,800
Speaker 1: the problem was that the Victorian era was really big

469
00:26:44,800 --> 00:26:50,040
Speaker 1: on pomp and overdoing fashion. Um. There were long trains, addresses,

470
00:26:50,119 --> 00:26:53,080
Speaker 1: lots of skirts over skirts and all this stuff. So

471
00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:56,480
Speaker 1: the idea of walking through horsepoop was not not very

472
00:26:56,480 --> 00:27:01,080
Speaker 1: pleasing to the upper echelons of English society at the time. No,

473
00:27:01,240 --> 00:27:04,920
Speaker 1: they would mean one of their many employees would have

474
00:27:04,960 --> 00:27:09,199
Speaker 1: to clean that up later, exactly right. But apparently they

475
00:27:09,240 --> 00:27:11,880
Speaker 1: were very big with um appearances, so they didn't want

476
00:27:11,920 --> 00:27:14,280
Speaker 1: to even go a second without with getting like any

477
00:27:14,320 --> 00:27:17,600
Speaker 1: horsepooper or any trash or anything on them. So thus

478
00:27:17,640 --> 00:27:23,520
Speaker 1: evolved a job from this, uh this era called crossing sweepers. Yeah,

479
00:27:23,600 --> 00:27:26,359
Speaker 1: and this I saw a lot of different reactions to

480
00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:30,080
Speaker 1: this from various historical websites that I went into. Some

481
00:27:30,119 --> 00:27:33,479
Speaker 1: people saw this as a pretty valuable job, um, and

482
00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:36,680
Speaker 1: then most people I saw found it a bit of

483
00:27:36,720 --> 00:27:40,480
Speaker 1: an annoyance in that it was if you had any

484
00:27:40,520 --> 00:27:43,720
Speaker 1: skill or were physically able, you would not be a

485
00:27:43,760 --> 00:27:47,240
Speaker 1: crossing sweeper. It was what they called a last chance job.

486
00:27:48,560 --> 00:27:50,880
Speaker 1: I saw, I saw both, I saw a combination of those.

487
00:27:51,240 --> 00:27:53,480
Speaker 1: Read an article by a woman named Jerry Walton, who

488
00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:57,080
Speaker 1: I think did pretty good um his historical research on it,

489
00:27:57,119 --> 00:27:58,879
Speaker 1: and she seemed to come up with the idea that

490
00:27:59,440 --> 00:28:02,680
Speaker 1: you're right on both counts. There were some people who

491
00:28:02,760 --> 00:28:06,520
Speaker 1: had who dedicated themselves to this. They were regular crossing sweepers,

492
00:28:06,920 --> 00:28:09,439
Speaker 1: and they had like posts like there, They had a

493
00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:12,680
Speaker 1: corner that was their corner, and over time they became

494
00:28:12,880 --> 00:28:16,280
Speaker 1: kind of a fixture of the neighborhood, maybe the eyes

495
00:28:16,320 --> 00:28:19,199
Speaker 1: and ears in the neighborhood. I read of one um

496
00:28:19,359 --> 00:28:22,680
Speaker 1: crossing sweeper who actually helped apprehend a murderer by by

497
00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:25,120
Speaker 1: going to the cops and telling him what telling them

498
00:28:25,119 --> 00:28:28,880
Speaker 1: what he saw. UM. But I also saw that there

499
00:28:28,880 --> 00:28:32,800
Speaker 1: were that this was basically the the last stop before Baker,

500
00:28:33,920 --> 00:28:37,040
Speaker 1: but but much more respectable than just being an outright beggar.

501
00:28:37,080 --> 00:28:39,760
Speaker 1: At least you were providing a service. You could also

502
00:28:39,920 --> 00:28:42,960
Speaker 1: very easily become a nuisance though too if you held

503
00:28:42,960 --> 00:28:45,120
Speaker 1: your hand out afterward, or pestred people who are just

504
00:28:45,160 --> 00:28:47,840
Speaker 1: trying to cross the street. Yeah, I mean they like

505
00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:51,000
Speaker 1: in it in this article maybe a little insensitively to

506
00:28:52,040 --> 00:28:56,280
Speaker 1: people who will clean your windshield at a stoplight today. Uh.

507
00:28:56,320 --> 00:28:59,640
Speaker 1: But again even with that have seen a range of

508
00:29:00,200 --> 00:29:05,160
Speaker 1: window cleaning services that range from like nice work, here's

509
00:29:05,200 --> 00:29:07,680
Speaker 1: a good tip, to like, let me spit on your

510
00:29:07,680 --> 00:29:10,280
Speaker 1: wind shield and rub it with my sleeve. And I

511
00:29:10,280 --> 00:29:13,760
Speaker 1: think it was kind of probably similar back then. Sometimes

512
00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:16,320
Speaker 1: there were little kids who would do it, or super

513
00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:19,680
Speaker 1: old people, or you might be disabled and that is

514
00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:22,720
Speaker 1: your last chance to make money. Uh. And people like

515
00:29:22,800 --> 00:29:24,920
Speaker 1: you said I had had one of two attitudes. Either

516
00:29:25,280 --> 00:29:26,880
Speaker 1: you're doing it right and this is a good service,

517
00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:30,880
Speaker 1: or this is sort of a glorified begging. Yeah. And

518
00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:33,160
Speaker 1: I saw that for the most part it was kids.

519
00:29:33,320 --> 00:29:38,360
Speaker 1: The proclaimed king of the crossing sweeps was eleven years

520
00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:41,040
Speaker 1: old and eleven year old boy, and that they would

521
00:29:41,080 --> 00:29:43,880
Speaker 1: also add some acrobatics in on the side to really

522
00:29:44,360 --> 00:29:46,520
Speaker 1: to really drive home just how great what they were

523
00:29:46,560 --> 00:29:49,520
Speaker 1: doing was. Well, it's like what like little flips and

524
00:29:49,560 --> 00:29:52,800
Speaker 1: like probably probably what we would call parkour here there

525
00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:56,200
Speaker 1: today something like that. But you know this little nimble

526
00:29:56,440 --> 00:30:01,040
Speaker 1: like kids who were able to just hop around, do

527
00:30:01,200 --> 00:30:04,480
Speaker 1: some some quick acrobatics and then probably hold their cap

528
00:30:04,520 --> 00:30:08,560
Speaker 1: out and say thanks, have a good day, what time? Yeah?

529
00:30:08,920 --> 00:30:12,479
Speaker 1: So um. One thing though, that was good about this

530
00:30:12,560 --> 00:30:16,000
Speaker 1: is that it was something that anybody could start as

531
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:19,240
Speaker 1: a business and take seriously with just the investment of

532
00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:21,760
Speaker 1: a broom. That's all you needed. Low barrier to entry

533
00:30:21,840 --> 00:30:24,880
Speaker 1: is what they call that, exactly right. And then eventually

534
00:30:24,920 --> 00:30:30,240
Speaker 1: it's like sanitation improved and fashions change. The crossing sweeper

535
00:30:30,400 --> 00:30:34,120
Speaker 1: was less and less necessary, and they evolved into the

536
00:30:34,120 --> 00:30:41,800
Speaker 1: grocery store bagger. You were playing them that one. It

537
00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:44,880
Speaker 1: just rolled off on my tongue. Yeah, alright, good And

538
00:30:44,920 --> 00:30:46,360
Speaker 1: as I was saying, I was like, man, this is

539
00:30:46,360 --> 00:30:49,240
Speaker 1: gonna offend the baggers, and I don't mean it like that.

540
00:30:49,240 --> 00:30:54,280
Speaker 1: That's right, all right, especially public baggers who bagged delicious

541
00:30:54,280 --> 00:30:57,240
Speaker 1: cake all the time. Thank you for what you do.

542
00:30:58,160 --> 00:31:01,080
Speaker 1: Should we break now or do the last for or

543
00:31:01,160 --> 00:31:04,200
Speaker 1: do one and then three? Let's do one and then three.

544
00:31:04,320 --> 00:31:07,200
Speaker 1: I'm I'm I'm feeling good about things all right. Well

545
00:31:07,200 --> 00:31:09,600
Speaker 1: we'll move on to the lamplighters. No way, I changed

546
00:31:09,680 --> 00:31:12,800
Speaker 1: my mind. Okay, well we're gonna take a break. Okay,

547
00:31:12,880 --> 00:31:37,840
Speaker 1: we'll get too lamp lighters right after this. Okay, okay, Chuck,

548
00:31:37,840 --> 00:31:40,560
Speaker 1: thanks for rolling with me on that one. So you

549
00:31:40,560 --> 00:31:42,880
Speaker 1: said lamplighters were doing next. I mean, I guess we're

550
00:31:42,880 --> 00:31:46,320
Speaker 1: doing all this chronologically, right, Well, that sort of is

551
00:31:46,440 --> 00:31:48,920
Speaker 1: in a way, yeah, because we started with cheritots and

552
00:31:48,920 --> 00:31:52,640
Speaker 1: now we're up we're still in the late nineteenth century. Yeah,

553
00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:56,200
Speaker 1: and this is, man, this is something. I had a

554
00:31:56,240 --> 00:31:59,360
Speaker 1: gas lamp growing up at my house, and I really,

555
00:31:59,400 --> 00:32:02,360
Speaker 1: really I would like to get a gas lamp put

556
00:32:02,360 --> 00:32:04,760
Speaker 1: in on the front porch of my house. You know

557
00:32:04,920 --> 00:32:07,200
Speaker 1: that can happen. Yeah, I mean you just gotta run

558
00:32:07,240 --> 00:32:10,000
Speaker 1: gas to it, right, Yeah, that's it, and then come

559
00:32:10,080 --> 00:32:12,560
Speaker 1: and pay a lamp lighter to come lighted every every

560
00:32:12,600 --> 00:32:16,440
Speaker 1: evening and cut it off every every morning. Yeah. I

561
00:32:16,520 --> 00:32:18,720
Speaker 1: just love to look like there's a few in our neighborhood,

562
00:32:18,760 --> 00:32:21,400
Speaker 1: and every time I see one, I pine for it.

563
00:32:22,600 --> 00:32:25,800
Speaker 1: I think you should treat yourself to a gas lamp. Yeah.

564
00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:28,960
Speaker 1: It really says a lot, you know, it does. It

565
00:32:29,040 --> 00:32:33,200
Speaker 1: says I have conquered fossil fuels in my very own house.

566
00:32:33,640 --> 00:32:38,720
Speaker 1: I wonder how wasteful that is compared to electricity. I

567
00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:42,480
Speaker 1: don't know, I really don't know. Yeah, I think you

568
00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:44,600
Speaker 1: should find out and just do it. I think you

569
00:32:44,600 --> 00:32:47,000
Speaker 1: should do it and report back on Okay, I can

570
00:32:47,040 --> 00:32:51,600
Speaker 1: always buy carbon offsets, right, totally, alright, So lamp lighters,

571
00:32:51,640 --> 00:32:54,560
Speaker 1: like we said, in the days in the nineteenth century

572
00:32:54,600 --> 00:32:58,960
Speaker 1: of gas lamps lighting up all of of let's say London. Again,

573
00:33:00,360 --> 00:33:03,440
Speaker 1: someone had to light these and there were a lot

574
00:33:03,520 --> 00:33:05,800
Speaker 1: of them. So it's not like I mean this was

575
00:33:05,840 --> 00:33:08,360
Speaker 1: there were a lot of people doing this job. Yeah,

576
00:33:08,480 --> 00:33:11,360
Speaker 1: usually you would have something like under a hundred, but

577
00:33:11,480 --> 00:33:15,840
Speaker 1: over fifty lamps I saw, um, at least for Lowell, Massachusetts.

578
00:33:15,880 --> 00:33:20,640
Speaker 1: But um, I think Lowe was a midsize city at

579
00:33:20,640 --> 00:33:23,520
Speaker 1: the time, said seventy thousand people in the like I

580
00:33:23,560 --> 00:33:26,880
Speaker 1: think eighteen eighty census, So that's decent size for the

581
00:33:26,960 --> 00:33:30,120
Speaker 1: nineteenth century, you know. Um, but it's certainly nothing like

582
00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:32,280
Speaker 1: what London had at the time. They had tens of

583
00:33:32,320 --> 00:33:35,320
Speaker 1: thousands of lamps, right, right, But I imagine that that

584
00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:38,840
Speaker 1: they probably didn't overtax their lamp lighters more than say

585
00:33:38,920 --> 00:33:41,960
Speaker 1: low did, so say, say somewhere around seventy to eighty

586
00:33:42,040 --> 00:33:45,080
Speaker 1: lamps um is what one lamp lighter would be responsible for.

587
00:33:45,120 --> 00:33:47,960
Speaker 1: They'd have a beat. Yeah, I mean that's a I

588
00:33:47,960 --> 00:33:50,920
Speaker 1: don't know how far apart their position, but that's a

589
00:33:51,040 --> 00:33:54,560
Speaker 1: that's a full day's work. I would imagine her full evening. Well, yeah,

590
00:33:54,640 --> 00:33:57,520
Speaker 1: it could. It lasted for a while, and I didn't

591
00:33:57,720 --> 00:34:00,120
Speaker 1: get the impression of what you do in between, but

592
00:34:00,320 --> 00:34:03,800
Speaker 1: you would wait around until dusk came, and then you

593
00:34:03,800 --> 00:34:07,000
Speaker 1: would start your your route and start lighting the lamps.

594
00:34:07,480 --> 00:34:11,960
Speaker 1: And then after any respectable person was asleep, you would

595
00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:15,800
Speaker 1: go out and extinguish them, or before daybreaker, around daybreak

596
00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:18,880
Speaker 1: you go extinguish them, and then you would eat your breakfast,

597
00:34:18,880 --> 00:34:22,359
Speaker 1: and then you set about repairing the lamps, refilling them

598
00:34:22,360 --> 00:34:24,600
Speaker 1: as need be, and like getting it rid of any

599
00:34:24,640 --> 00:34:27,600
Speaker 1: soot and smudge, and maybe if the lamp got knocked over,

600
00:34:27,719 --> 00:34:29,680
Speaker 1: you'd have to set it back up again. So it

601
00:34:29,760 --> 00:34:32,240
Speaker 1: sounded like it was, you know, there's a decent amount

602
00:34:32,280 --> 00:34:34,200
Speaker 1: of work to it, but supposed it was a very

603
00:34:34,200 --> 00:34:37,560
Speaker 1: safe job from whatever. And yeah, I mean they do

604
00:34:37,760 --> 00:34:41,000
Speaker 1: mention ladders in here, but I also saw that many

605
00:34:41,040 --> 00:34:44,400
Speaker 1: of them were uh lit from below with a long

606
00:34:45,600 --> 00:34:49,040
Speaker 1: lighter or and extinguisher that was all kind of in

607
00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:52,160
Speaker 1: on one pole. Very ingenious. Yes, I don't know that

608
00:34:52,200 --> 00:34:55,200
Speaker 1: they were climbing ladders all over town. No, you could

609
00:34:55,239 --> 00:34:57,080
Speaker 1: just raise it up. It would be easier to walk

610
00:34:57,120 --> 00:34:59,640
Speaker 1: with just that long staff than to walk with the

611
00:34:59,760 --> 00:35:03,080
Speaker 1: lad her. So yeah, because you could also stab somebody

612
00:35:03,080 --> 00:35:05,680
Speaker 1: in the eye with it, right any master comes at you,

613
00:35:05,760 --> 00:35:09,920
Speaker 1: bam Bamuh. Mainly men held these job, but there were

614
00:35:09,960 --> 00:35:12,839
Speaker 1: some women apparently in London that did so. And like

615
00:35:12,840 --> 00:35:17,000
Speaker 1: you said, it was pretty safe. It's not like these

616
00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:21,240
Speaker 1: things weren't running on gasoline, you know, like whale blubber.

617
00:35:21,280 --> 00:35:26,120
Speaker 1: I don't think is the most combustible thing in the world. No, um.

618
00:35:26,200 --> 00:35:29,399
Speaker 1: And then I think there were there was also natural guests.

619
00:35:29,440 --> 00:35:32,279
Speaker 1: They eventually laid gas lines to these things too, so

620
00:35:32,320 --> 00:35:33,920
Speaker 1: all you had to do is walk around with a

621
00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:37,799
Speaker 1: like a whale probably whale blubber torch on the end

622
00:35:37,880 --> 00:35:40,760
Speaker 1: of your staff and just touch touch the lamp wick

623
00:35:40,880 --> 00:35:43,839
Speaker 1: and there you go. And then I think they made

624
00:35:43,880 --> 00:35:45,919
Speaker 1: something like two dollars a day for this, at least

625
00:35:45,920 --> 00:35:52,680
Speaker 1: in Lowell, mass It's not bad King's ransom. I did

626
00:35:52,719 --> 00:35:54,960
Speaker 1: see that there are still some people that do this today.

627
00:35:55,680 --> 00:35:58,600
Speaker 1: There are certain parts of England where they still light

628
00:35:58,640 --> 00:36:00,960
Speaker 1: the lamps, and I'm sure it's a bit of a novelty.

629
00:36:01,800 --> 00:36:06,400
Speaker 1: But um, I don't know that it's necessarily like like

630
00:36:06,480 --> 00:36:09,680
Speaker 1: Colonial Williamsburg or anything. I think it's not like it

631
00:36:09,719 --> 00:36:14,439
Speaker 1: has to be an old relic themed town, just one

632
00:36:14,520 --> 00:36:19,480
Speaker 1: that's involved in being charming. Yea, yeah, lamplighter and if

633
00:36:19,520 --> 00:36:21,960
Speaker 1: you see a lamplighter, give him a little how do

634
00:36:22,000 --> 00:36:26,200
Speaker 1: you do? Yeah? Off your cap? Yeah, So it's not extinct.

635
00:36:26,239 --> 00:36:28,520
Speaker 1: It really doesn't belong on this list at all, though.

636
00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:34,000
Speaker 1: A couple of pints their ways, their ways Tuppins. Remember

637
00:36:34,040 --> 00:36:37,360
Speaker 1: that song from Mary Poppins so depressing. No, but I

638
00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:40,640
Speaker 1: have high hopes for that reboot. Oh, I hadn't heard

639
00:36:40,640 --> 00:36:43,400
Speaker 1: anything about that. Please do tell well there's a new

640
00:36:43,400 --> 00:36:47,319
Speaker 1: movie coming out they're redoing, uh, Mary Poppins, and and

641
00:36:47,440 --> 00:36:50,720
Speaker 1: Emily Blunt is Mary Poppins, which I think it's fine casting.

642
00:36:51,640 --> 00:36:54,560
Speaker 1: And I think what's his name? Lynn? Manuel Miranda himself

643
00:36:54,640 --> 00:36:58,360
Speaker 1: is in the ABU say the Dick Cabitt part. But

644
00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:03,280
Speaker 1: that wasn't Dick van van Dyke, the chimney sweep Dick Abbott.

645
00:37:03,320 --> 00:37:07,880
Speaker 1: That would have been a much different role. Yeah, tell me, Mary,

646
00:37:07,920 --> 00:37:09,920
Speaker 1: tell me about your life. Shall we move on to

647
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:14,160
Speaker 1: ice cutting? Yeah? This one I love. It's fascinating. You

648
00:37:14,200 --> 00:37:18,400
Speaker 1: know my grandmother Bryant said, ice box. Yeah, yeah, I

649
00:37:18,400 --> 00:37:22,040
Speaker 1: would imagine that that was like part of her jam, right,

650
00:37:22,120 --> 00:37:25,279
Speaker 1: like an actual like something you would point to and say,

651
00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:27,719
Speaker 1: that's a refrigerator. But no, no, no, friend, there's no

652
00:37:27,760 --> 00:37:31,760
Speaker 1: refrigeration going on whatsoever. It's just an insulated wooden box

653
00:37:31,800 --> 00:37:33,879
Speaker 1: that you jam a block of ice into the top

654
00:37:33,960 --> 00:37:36,319
Speaker 1: of and let it cool the rest of it down. Yeah.

655
00:37:36,360 --> 00:37:38,280
Speaker 1: I mean if she she loved to be a hundred

656
00:37:38,760 --> 00:37:42,480
Speaker 1: and she passed away probably I don't know, like eight

657
00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:46,319
Speaker 1: or ten years ago, so she was definitely rocking the

658
00:37:46,360 --> 00:37:48,919
Speaker 1: ice box when she was a kid for sure, and

659
00:37:48,960 --> 00:37:52,200
Speaker 1: into her probably like um married life, I would guess,

660
00:37:52,239 --> 00:37:54,759
Speaker 1: the early married life. Yeah, I mean, she told me

661
00:37:54,800 --> 00:37:58,760
Speaker 1: a story one time about when she was like twelve

662
00:37:58,840 --> 00:38:02,320
Speaker 1: or thirteen, she and her two friends stole the uh,

663
00:38:02,360 --> 00:38:04,799
Speaker 1: the horse and carriage that delivered the mail and rode

664
00:38:04,840 --> 00:38:09,120
Speaker 1: it around town for a joy ride. That sounds awesome,

665
00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:12,960
Speaker 1: so that she was definitely a link to the past.

666
00:38:13,800 --> 00:38:16,959
Speaker 1: It was great hearing those stories. The male horse hats

667
00:38:16,960 --> 00:38:19,720
Speaker 1: off to you. Granny Bryant. Yeah, hats off Granny Bryant.

668
00:38:20,760 --> 00:38:23,839
Speaker 1: So she had an ice box. I just described an

669
00:38:23,880 --> 00:38:27,560
Speaker 1: ice box. But the question is this, chuck, Let's say,

670
00:38:27,600 --> 00:38:30,680
Speaker 1: where was Granny Bryant born and raised? I didn't know

671
00:38:30,719 --> 00:38:32,640
Speaker 1: where she was born, but she generally lived in most

672
00:38:32,640 --> 00:38:35,680
Speaker 1: of her life in Tennessee. Okay, in Tennessee. So it's

673
00:38:35,719 --> 00:38:38,920
Speaker 1: the middle of the summer and it's super hot, but

674
00:38:39,080 --> 00:38:41,080
Speaker 1: you have an ice box. What are you gonna do

675
00:38:41,160 --> 00:38:45,839
Speaker 1: for ice? Well, Fortunately, the good folks up in Illinois

676
00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:51,200
Speaker 1: and Wisconsin and Minnesota spent the winter harvesting ice. And

677
00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:53,640
Speaker 1: that was a job you could have, was an ice harvester,

678
00:38:53,920 --> 00:38:56,959
Speaker 1: because before there was the advent of making mechanical ice

679
00:38:56,960 --> 00:39:01,560
Speaker 1: and mechanical refrigeration, we got ice by literally harvesting it

680
00:39:01,640 --> 00:39:05,080
Speaker 1: from frozen ponds and lakes and rivers during the winter,

681
00:39:05,600 --> 00:39:08,840
Speaker 1: packing it away just so, and then come summertime it

682
00:39:08,840 --> 00:39:12,440
Speaker 1: would be distributed throughout the country and delivered two homes

683
00:39:12,600 --> 00:39:16,080
Speaker 1: by again horse and carriage like the mail. Apparently amazing.

684
00:39:16,680 --> 00:39:19,120
Speaker 1: So here's how it would work. You would uh, sometimes

685
00:39:19,120 --> 00:39:22,680
Speaker 1: they could use a pond, but generally very slow moving

686
00:39:22,680 --> 00:39:26,680
Speaker 1: water was best because it formed really good clear ice.

687
00:39:27,560 --> 00:39:31,120
Speaker 1: I saw something about ponds weren't great because the ice

688
00:39:31,160 --> 00:39:36,480
Speaker 1: could become kind of stagnant and not not super great. Gross. Yeah,

689
00:39:36,520 --> 00:39:40,400
Speaker 1: so maybe a very slow moving uh river would be great.

690
00:39:41,160 --> 00:39:43,480
Speaker 1: And the first thing that you want to do is

691
00:39:43,480 --> 00:39:46,719
Speaker 1: is probably use a horse drawn plow because you don't

692
00:39:46,719 --> 00:39:49,160
Speaker 1: want that thing packed up with snow on top of it. No,

693
00:39:49,239 --> 00:39:52,520
Speaker 1: because the snow actually keeps the ice from freezing as

694
00:39:52,760 --> 00:39:54,920
Speaker 1: as well, because you want cold wind on it, not

695
00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:58,560
Speaker 1: cold snow. Right, right, So you got the horse keeping

696
00:39:58,600 --> 00:40:02,759
Speaker 1: the the snow clear. That's one, one step one and

697
00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:06,000
Speaker 1: that's what they would call these ice farms. And like

698
00:40:06,080 --> 00:40:08,440
Speaker 1: you would have an ice farm, like if somebody came

699
00:40:08,480 --> 00:40:10,960
Speaker 1: and tried to poach your ice, you had a legal

700
00:40:11,080 --> 00:40:13,560
Speaker 1: dispute going on, like this is a big deal. And

701
00:40:13,640 --> 00:40:16,600
Speaker 1: during the summer it was just like a river or

702
00:40:16,719 --> 00:40:20,000
Speaker 1: a an aer raided pond or something like that. But

703
00:40:20,239 --> 00:40:23,520
Speaker 1: come come wintertime it became like big business. You'd have

704
00:40:23,680 --> 00:40:27,160
Speaker 1: whole crewise and operations going on. Right, So you've got

705
00:40:27,200 --> 00:40:29,800
Speaker 1: this the horses clearing the snow, and every once in

706
00:40:29,800 --> 00:40:33,319
Speaker 1: a while a horse would fall through the ice. It

707
00:40:33,440 --> 00:40:35,600
Speaker 1: is sad and you would think, well, so long horse,

708
00:40:35,640 --> 00:40:38,560
Speaker 1: But Apparently somebody figured out that you could strap a

709
00:40:38,640 --> 00:40:41,840
Speaker 1: rope around a horse's neck and it would be struggling

710
00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:44,560
Speaker 1: under the water, and if you pulled the neck tight,

711
00:40:44,640 --> 00:40:46,359
Speaker 1: I guess you kind of cut off its air enough

712
00:40:46,400 --> 00:40:50,000
Speaker 1: to get it to quit struggling. It does and then

713
00:40:50,120 --> 00:40:52,640
Speaker 1: other horses would pull that horse out of the water

714
00:40:53,120 --> 00:40:55,799
Speaker 1: and giving it a fighting chance to survive. So that

715
00:40:55,920 --> 00:40:58,120
Speaker 1: was a big hazard, not just for horses, but for

716
00:40:58,160 --> 00:41:01,160
Speaker 1: the people working there too, and they would wear special

717
00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:05,000
Speaker 1: horse shoes that would prevent them from slipping and breaking

718
00:41:05,000 --> 00:41:08,320
Speaker 1: through as much as possible. But yeah, I would imagine

719
00:41:08,840 --> 00:41:12,240
Speaker 1: a horse drawn plow on ice is just an accident

720
00:41:12,239 --> 00:41:15,719
Speaker 1: waiting to happen. I remember growing up in Toledo, we

721
00:41:15,960 --> 00:41:18,000
Speaker 1: were allowed to ice skate on some of the ponds

722
00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:20,839
Speaker 1: on the golf course, like across the street from US

723
00:41:21,640 --> 00:41:25,560
Speaker 1: and UM, but not until Dad went out with his

724
00:41:25,600 --> 00:41:29,560
Speaker 1: work boots on stomped around the pond to make sure

725
00:41:29,600 --> 00:41:32,640
Speaker 1: that it didn't crack. And it was like, that was

726
00:41:32,719 --> 00:41:34,440
Speaker 1: really great that he was doing that for uce, but

727
00:41:34,480 --> 00:41:37,879
Speaker 1: it was also not the best technique you could think of,

728
00:41:38,520 --> 00:41:40,840
Speaker 1: although it's the only technique I can think of, really,

729
00:41:41,280 --> 00:41:44,600
Speaker 1: But hats off to Dad. Too, for stomping on the

730
00:41:44,640 --> 00:41:46,799
Speaker 1: pond ice for us to make sure we didn't fall through.

731
00:41:47,080 --> 00:41:49,440
Speaker 1: Your dad would do that, Oh yeah, every every winter,

732
00:41:49,719 --> 00:41:52,080
Speaker 1: some sometimes a couple of times in winter, depending on

733
00:41:52,120 --> 00:41:54,799
Speaker 1: whether the ice had started all or not. Yeah, I've

734
00:41:54,840 --> 00:41:58,799
Speaker 1: seen too many movies that just scares me. Yeah, yeah,

735
00:41:58,960 --> 00:42:01,560
Speaker 1: I guess. Uh, well I didn't. You don't really think

736
00:42:01,640 --> 00:42:04,279
Speaker 1: much about your mortality as a youngster, you know, no

737
00:42:04,800 --> 00:42:08,360
Speaker 1: kind of invincible. Uh So, all right, so they're clearing

738
00:42:08,360 --> 00:42:11,840
Speaker 1: the snow, but it gets super frozen when there's no snow,

739
00:42:12,560 --> 00:42:16,200
Speaker 1: like really frozen, and then you would come in and

740
00:42:16,239 --> 00:42:19,879
Speaker 1: score the ice because just cutting it is is too

741
00:42:19,880 --> 00:42:23,240
Speaker 1: tough by that point, so you score it by cutting

742
00:42:23,239 --> 00:42:25,960
Speaker 1: into it I guess a few inches and getting it

743
00:42:26,000 --> 00:42:30,319
Speaker 1: going depending on your operation, dependent on the kind of

744
00:42:30,360 --> 00:42:33,439
Speaker 1: size of an ice block you want. But they said

745
00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:36,160
Speaker 1: in our article maybe two ft by six ft was

746
00:42:36,200 --> 00:42:40,080
Speaker 1: pretty standard. And then you would cut it all the

747
00:42:40,120 --> 00:42:44,160
Speaker 1: way through with another horse drawn device, a horse drawn saw,

748
00:42:45,440 --> 00:42:48,960
Speaker 1: I think, almost all the way through, and then humans

749
00:42:48,960 --> 00:42:50,600
Speaker 1: would saw it the rest of the way, and then

750
00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:53,200
Speaker 1: you've got like a floating two ft by six ft

751
00:42:53,239 --> 00:42:55,960
Speaker 1: by However thick the ice was chunk of ice, right,

752
00:42:56,960 --> 00:43:00,520
Speaker 1: and that's heavy. That's a very heavy thing. So you

753
00:43:00,560 --> 00:43:03,400
Speaker 1: would kind of push it with sticks through a channel

754
00:43:03,480 --> 00:43:07,760
Speaker 1: that you had to carve out to the shoreline, and um,

755
00:43:07,840 --> 00:43:09,480
Speaker 1: then you had to figure out a way to raise

756
00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:12,160
Speaker 1: it out of the water onto like a cart or

757
00:43:12,200 --> 00:43:14,840
Speaker 1: something like that, and then take it to the ice house,

758
00:43:15,200 --> 00:43:19,080
Speaker 1: which was a probably a cement like cinder block building

759
00:43:19,760 --> 00:43:23,400
Speaker 1: that um you would pack with sawdust so that this

760
00:43:23,480 --> 00:43:26,399
Speaker 1: ice wouldn't melt onto one another or melt at all

761
00:43:26,520 --> 00:43:28,799
Speaker 1: during the summer, and then just wait for summer to

762
00:43:28,840 --> 00:43:32,239
Speaker 1: come and then bam, start charge of people money, yep I.

763
00:43:32,280 --> 00:43:35,160
Speaker 1: And this was a job through like the nineteen thirties

764
00:43:36,400 --> 00:43:41,400
Speaker 1: until you know, refrigeration became a thing, and then people

765
00:43:41,440 --> 00:43:44,520
Speaker 1: like my grandmother, they couldn't You couldn't stop saying ice

766
00:43:44,560 --> 00:43:49,560
Speaker 1: box or tinfoil, Yeah, tin foil. I hadn't thought about that.

767
00:43:49,640 --> 00:43:53,200
Speaker 1: I mean, I'd still say tinfoils. Seat and olio she

768
00:43:53,239 --> 00:43:57,200
Speaker 1: said olio instead of butter. That's that's growdy. How could

769
00:43:57,239 --> 00:43:59,200
Speaker 1: you eat that if you call it olio? You know,

770
00:44:00,160 --> 00:44:01,719
Speaker 1: I don't know she never I don't know why she

771
00:44:01,760 --> 00:44:03,600
Speaker 1: said that because she didn't use butter. She used the

772
00:44:04,400 --> 00:44:07,880
Speaker 1: big bell jar bacon grease that she collected sitting on

773
00:44:07,880 --> 00:44:10,920
Speaker 1: the stove, like even on bread. No, no, no no, just

774
00:44:10,920 --> 00:44:13,399
Speaker 1: for cooking. I got you. But she was old school man.

775
00:44:14,480 --> 00:44:15,719
Speaker 1: It's kind of neat when you have a link to

776
00:44:15,719 --> 00:44:21,000
Speaker 1: the past like that. One more thing about ice cutting. Um,

777
00:44:21,200 --> 00:44:23,960
Speaker 1: one of the best three stooges ever was called an

778
00:44:23,960 --> 00:44:26,759
Speaker 1: Ache and every Steak, and they were ice delivery men.

779
00:44:26,960 --> 00:44:28,960
Speaker 1: I think I remember that. Yeah. They had a lot

780
00:44:28,960 --> 00:44:32,120
Speaker 1: of trouble with it, as as you can expect. There

781
00:44:32,120 --> 00:44:34,680
Speaker 1: were probably some tongs placed in the wrong area at

782
00:44:34,719 --> 00:44:39,120
Speaker 1: one point where Mo yeah and Curly Yeah. I think

783
00:44:39,120 --> 00:44:41,799
Speaker 1: they both got it. Probably Curly did it first accidentally

784
00:44:41,840 --> 00:44:45,719
Speaker 1: to Mo, and then Mo retaliated on purpose, I remember correctly.

785
00:44:46,160 --> 00:44:49,399
Speaker 1: All Right, two more to go. Yeah, we really are

786
00:44:49,440 --> 00:44:52,239
Speaker 1: doing eight this time? Huh. I think so so, Chuck.

787
00:44:52,320 --> 00:44:56,719
Speaker 1: When you go to a bowling alley, right um, and

788
00:44:56,800 --> 00:44:59,080
Speaker 1: you roll the ball, I'm gonna go ahead and give

789
00:44:59,120 --> 00:45:01,280
Speaker 1: you the benefit of the out. You would hit a strike,

790
00:45:01,719 --> 00:45:06,120
Speaker 1: Thank you, Steve ruck In the how you say, I

791
00:45:06,120 --> 00:45:09,600
Speaker 1: don't think so. Um, When you knock all his pins

792
00:45:09,600 --> 00:45:13,480
Speaker 1: down an awesome machine comes down, well, there wouldn't be

793
00:45:13,520 --> 00:45:15,799
Speaker 1: any pins left. But if there was one standing, a

794
00:45:15,840 --> 00:45:18,160
Speaker 1: machine would come down, grab it, raise it, and then

795
00:45:18,200 --> 00:45:20,640
Speaker 1: a sweeper would come and push all of the knockdown

796
00:45:20,719 --> 00:45:24,359
Speaker 1: pins that you hit, which are called deadwood by the way,

797
00:45:24,719 --> 00:45:28,200
Speaker 1: back into a little pit, and then a new set

798
00:45:28,239 --> 00:45:31,239
Speaker 1: would come down and reset and your ball would shoot out.

799
00:45:31,239 --> 00:45:35,400
Speaker 1: And the whole thing is a marvel of mechanical engineering.

800
00:45:35,440 --> 00:45:39,040
Speaker 1: It's all mechanical. But there was a time where if

801
00:45:39,120 --> 00:45:42,680
Speaker 1: you went bowling, there were little boys back there who

802
00:45:42,760 --> 00:45:45,719
Speaker 1: did all the jobs that I just said that machine did.

803
00:45:45,719 --> 00:45:48,640
Speaker 1: They were known as pin setters. That's right, and we

804
00:45:48,719 --> 00:45:54,839
Speaker 1: have Mr Gottfried Freddie Schmidt to thank for the automatic

805
00:45:55,000 --> 00:45:59,440
Speaker 1: pin spotter, where he debuted this thing at the American

806
00:45:59,480 --> 00:46:03,239
Speaker 1: Bowling con Grits Tournament. But like you said, previous to that,

807
00:46:03,239 --> 00:46:07,040
Speaker 1: they had little pin boys who would for about what

808
00:46:07,440 --> 00:46:10,480
Speaker 1: ten cents per game, per bowl or per games. So

809
00:46:10,520 --> 00:46:13,360
Speaker 1: if you had like six bowlers bowling in a in

810
00:46:13,400 --> 00:46:16,239
Speaker 1: a game, you would you'd make sixty cents a game. Technically.

811
00:46:16,360 --> 00:46:18,560
Speaker 1: Oh really, Hi, Yeah, you could make some dough if

812
00:46:18,560 --> 00:46:21,640
Speaker 1: you really hustled. Wow. That's not bad for a ten

813
00:46:21,719 --> 00:46:24,080
Speaker 1: year old at the time, not at all. But here's

814
00:46:24,080 --> 00:46:26,040
Speaker 1: the thing too, I mean, I guess it's the great

815
00:46:26,040 --> 00:46:27,880
Speaker 1: way to the best way to pay them for a

816
00:46:27,920 --> 00:46:30,719
Speaker 1: bowling alley. But because you don't want to pay them

817
00:46:31,000 --> 00:46:33,759
Speaker 1: while there's no one bowling. No, no, it's like per

818
00:46:33,800 --> 00:46:36,360
Speaker 1: bowl or per per game. So yeah, if you're just

819
00:46:36,400 --> 00:46:40,200
Speaker 1: standing around, you're not making any money. Yeah, So they

820
00:46:40,239 --> 00:46:43,920
Speaker 1: would they would set the pins up. They would uh,

821
00:46:44,200 --> 00:46:48,040
Speaker 1: they would wipe the pins away by means of carrying them.

822
00:46:48,320 --> 00:46:51,440
Speaker 1: And they actually had pinbars that they would step on

823
00:46:51,520 --> 00:46:54,040
Speaker 1: to raise these little metal spikes and that's how they

824
00:46:54,040 --> 00:46:57,040
Speaker 1: would align the pins. They just didn't eyeball it right.

825
00:46:57,840 --> 00:47:00,399
Speaker 1: And I read an account by a former or pin

826
00:47:00,640 --> 00:47:04,640
Speaker 1: pin setter. Um, and so you're hanging out there where

827
00:47:04,719 --> 00:47:07,479
Speaker 1: people are throwing the bowling ball where it hits the back,

828
00:47:07,600 --> 00:47:10,200
Speaker 1: like you're hanging out back there. So there's a couple

829
00:47:10,239 --> 00:47:13,480
Speaker 1: of things going on. Um. Apparently teenagers would love to

830
00:47:13,520 --> 00:47:17,319
Speaker 1: take aim, sometimes drunken adults, so you had to watch

831
00:47:17,320 --> 00:47:20,960
Speaker 1: out for people bowling at you. Pins sometimes would get

832
00:47:21,000 --> 00:47:22,560
Speaker 1: knocked to the back and hit you in the shin

833
00:47:22,760 --> 00:47:25,360
Speaker 1: or the head or something like that. But this account

834
00:47:25,440 --> 00:47:27,840
Speaker 1: that I read was, Um, this guy, this kid was

835
00:47:27,880 --> 00:47:30,280
Speaker 1: saying like there was no better way to like secretly

836
00:47:30,440 --> 00:47:32,920
Speaker 1: enter the world of adults than to be a pin setter,

837
00:47:33,320 --> 00:47:35,759
Speaker 1: because adults would go bowl and get drunk and you

838
00:47:35,800 --> 00:47:38,560
Speaker 1: were in the back basically invisible, but you're hearing everything.

839
00:47:38,600 --> 00:47:41,879
Speaker 1: You're seeing everything. You could hear something from way down there. Yeah,

840
00:47:42,000 --> 00:47:44,560
Speaker 1: from way back there. From what this guy said, at

841
00:47:44,600 --> 00:47:47,080
Speaker 1: the very least you can watch their their physical behavior

842
00:47:47,200 --> 00:47:49,919
Speaker 1: or whatever. But um, yeah, he said he learned quite

843
00:47:49,920 --> 00:47:52,600
Speaker 1: a bit about human nature by being a pin setter. Yeah.

844
00:47:52,680 --> 00:47:56,120
Speaker 1: I guess the the equivalent of trying to throw your

845
00:47:56,120 --> 00:47:58,920
Speaker 1: ball at the pin setter is when you go to

846
00:47:58,960 --> 00:48:02,200
Speaker 1: a golf driving range. Slightly dude comes out in the

847
00:48:02,320 --> 00:48:07,320
Speaker 1: in the sixty Volkswagen Beetle with a ball trough on

848
00:48:07,360 --> 00:48:10,600
Speaker 1: the front of it, and everybody on that driving range

849
00:48:10,640 --> 00:48:15,400
Speaker 1: tries to hit that car. In Unison, it's just I

850
00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:17,000
Speaker 1: think one of the things you do. I haven't been

851
00:48:17,040 --> 00:48:19,200
Speaker 1: to a driving range and forever, but when that car

852
00:48:19,239 --> 00:48:22,839
Speaker 1: comes out, there's one objective, see if you can hit it,

853
00:48:23,080 --> 00:48:25,800
Speaker 1: and then that guy driving or the girl driving to

854
00:48:25,960 --> 00:48:29,120
Speaker 1: screams at the top of their lug stop stop. I'm

855
00:48:29,120 --> 00:48:31,640
Speaker 1: a human being. Well, and for the for people who

856
00:48:31,719 --> 00:48:35,440
Speaker 1: don't understand these these old cars are heavily caged, so

857
00:48:35,520 --> 00:48:38,000
Speaker 1: it's not like you're gonna hit anybody or breakthrough a

858
00:48:38,040 --> 00:48:40,640
Speaker 1: window or anything like that. Sure you're not. But they

859
00:48:40,760 --> 00:48:44,000
Speaker 1: also electrify the cage so that the person can't get out.

860
00:48:46,160 --> 00:48:48,080
Speaker 1: It's pretty fun. I've always wanted to drive one of those.

861
00:48:48,880 --> 00:48:50,840
Speaker 1: I've never seen a beetle. I've always seen like some

862
00:48:50,920 --> 00:48:53,359
Speaker 1: sort of like a lawn tractor or something like that

863
00:48:53,400 --> 00:48:56,320
Speaker 1: with a pokemobile top on it. Oh see back, I

864
00:48:56,360 --> 00:48:58,520
Speaker 1: don't know. I've been by golfing a long time, but

865
00:48:59,000 --> 00:49:02,200
Speaker 1: all the courses I went to you had just old gelopes. Yeah,

866
00:49:02,200 --> 00:49:04,279
Speaker 1: it sounds like the people running the courses you went

867
00:49:04,320 --> 00:49:08,719
Speaker 1: to were smoking grass, growing grass and smoking grass. Right,

868
00:49:09,680 --> 00:49:15,400
Speaker 1: Uh so what else about these people? Basically overnight they vanished.

869
00:49:16,200 --> 00:49:19,719
Speaker 1: The first moment those automatic pin setters came about. That

870
00:49:19,880 --> 00:49:22,720
Speaker 1: was that was that? But the that kid whose account

871
00:49:22,719 --> 00:49:25,399
Speaker 1: I read or the man whose account I read as

872
00:49:25,440 --> 00:49:27,880
Speaker 1: a kid, No, that still doesn't work, you know what

873
00:49:27,880 --> 00:49:31,400
Speaker 1: I'm saying. Yeah, I'm not gonna say it a third way. Um.

874
00:49:31,440 --> 00:49:33,360
Speaker 1: He said that it took him about two months to

875
00:49:33,400 --> 00:49:38,200
Speaker 1: realize that you set set the pins and then you

876
00:49:38,280 --> 00:49:40,160
Speaker 1: roll the ball back to give yourself time to get

877
00:49:40,200 --> 00:49:42,040
Speaker 1: out of the way. If you roll the ball back

878
00:49:42,040 --> 00:49:44,480
Speaker 1: and set the pins. By that time the person's got

879
00:49:44,520 --> 00:49:49,240
Speaker 1: their ball ready and they take aim for you. Jerks. Jerks, indeed,

880
00:49:49,560 --> 00:49:55,640
Speaker 1: bowler's notorious jerks. Hmm some of them, sure, Like John Leguizamo, No,

881
00:49:55,840 --> 00:50:01,959
Speaker 1: John Toturo, Oh, Jeseus. Yeah, like Tsus you did huh well,

882
00:50:02,000 --> 00:50:04,920
Speaker 1: except for the fact that he was a petterist. He

883
00:50:05,040 --> 00:50:06,560
Speaker 1: was a bit of a jerk too. Yeah, he was

884
00:50:06,600 --> 00:50:11,600
Speaker 1: a better and I forgot about that part. Uh. Yeah, okay,

885
00:50:11,800 --> 00:50:16,680
Speaker 1: so pin setters, Uh, the last one. This is my

886
00:50:16,719 --> 00:50:20,799
Speaker 1: favorite of all time. Yeah. Party line operator. Not to

887
00:50:20,880 --> 00:50:23,880
Speaker 1: be confused with the party line operators from the party

888
00:50:23,920 --> 00:50:26,399
Speaker 1: lines of the eighties and nineties. These are the much

889
00:50:26,400 --> 00:50:30,719
Speaker 1: more innocent party lines of the early twentieth century. Yeah. So,

890
00:50:30,800 --> 00:50:33,680
Speaker 1: here's how telephoning used to work back in the old days.

891
00:50:34,160 --> 00:50:37,880
Speaker 1: If you lived out in the sticks, uh, and imagine

892
00:50:37,880 --> 00:50:39,960
Speaker 1: even in certain city blocks, but if you lived out

893
00:50:40,000 --> 00:50:43,640
Speaker 1: in the rural areas, you would have a shared telephone

894
00:50:43,680 --> 00:50:49,600
Speaker 1: line between sometimes ten or twenty houses. Uh, and you

895
00:50:49,640 --> 00:50:53,600
Speaker 1: would have your own special ring that you would be

896
00:50:53,640 --> 00:50:59,280
Speaker 1: able to recognize. And when someone calls all twenty houses,

897
00:51:00,120 --> 00:51:02,000
Speaker 1: the phone rings and you have to know your ring

898
00:51:02,920 --> 00:51:06,720
Speaker 1: to answer, or you're gonna pick up and be listening

899
00:51:06,719 --> 00:51:09,640
Speaker 1: to your neighbor's conversation, which which happened a lot. Yeah,

900
00:51:09,640 --> 00:51:12,760
Speaker 1: apparently that was called rubbering. You have no idea why,

901
00:51:12,760 --> 00:51:15,600
Speaker 1: but it's what you were doing, your eaves dropping on

902
00:51:15,680 --> 00:51:18,839
Speaker 1: your neighbor. And it's called a party line. Yeah, and

903
00:51:18,920 --> 00:51:22,560
Speaker 1: so the party line. Um, they they had party lines

904
00:51:22,680 --> 00:51:25,799
Speaker 1: because this is at a time when running telephone line

905
00:51:25,800 --> 00:51:28,919
Speaker 1: and operating and maintaining it was very, very expensive because

906
00:51:28,920 --> 00:51:33,680
Speaker 1: it was early in the telephones infancy. Right, So you

907
00:51:34,360 --> 00:51:37,520
Speaker 1: rural Nebraskan should just thank your lucky stars that you

908
00:51:37,560 --> 00:51:41,080
Speaker 1: even have a telephone. Don't don't try to get all

909
00:51:41,120 --> 00:51:43,399
Speaker 1: fancy and ask for just your own line. That would

910
00:51:43,440 --> 00:51:46,880
Speaker 1: come later. But um, when you had this party line,

911
00:51:47,320 --> 00:51:50,520
Speaker 1: you you could ring your own neighbor on the same

912
00:51:50,560 --> 00:51:53,719
Speaker 1: party line if you knew their ring. Like when you

913
00:51:53,760 --> 00:51:56,680
Speaker 1: look at the old telephones where you have the receiver

914
00:51:56,760 --> 00:51:58,000
Speaker 1: that you hold up to your ear and you speak

915
00:51:58,000 --> 00:52:02,440
Speaker 1: into the mouthpiece, you see people crank it. Sometimes what

916
00:52:02,480 --> 00:52:05,000
Speaker 1: they're doing is they're actually turning a magnet inside a

917
00:52:05,040 --> 00:52:10,680
Speaker 1: spool of copper coil um. So that and there's they're

918
00:52:10,680 --> 00:52:13,560
Speaker 1: turning it in a way that it's mimicking the ring

919
00:52:14,040 --> 00:52:16,400
Speaker 1: of the family on their party line they're trying to reach.

920
00:52:16,440 --> 00:52:19,279
Speaker 1: So if the family's ring is a long, short long,

921
00:52:19,360 --> 00:52:23,600
Speaker 1: they're like ring, ring, ring, that's how they're they're spinning.

922
00:52:23,640 --> 00:52:28,000
Speaker 1: The magnet creates a current which translates into the ring

923
00:52:28,080 --> 00:52:30,520
Speaker 1: on all of the other phones in the party line.

924
00:52:30,719 --> 00:52:32,560
Speaker 1: So you could call people yourself, but if you wanted

925
00:52:32,600 --> 00:52:34,920
Speaker 1: to call outside of your party line, you had to

926
00:52:34,920 --> 00:52:38,919
Speaker 1: dial the operator, yes, which was a long ring. Uh.

927
00:52:38,960 --> 00:52:40,960
Speaker 1: And you would call central what they called Central, which

928
00:52:41,000 --> 00:52:43,520
Speaker 1: is where the switch board was, and they were you know,

929
00:52:43,560 --> 00:52:46,640
Speaker 1: someone was there twenty four hours a day, lived there. Yeah,

930
00:52:46,680 --> 00:52:48,920
Speaker 1: and like in their little apartment that they would they

931
00:52:48,960 --> 00:52:51,719
Speaker 1: would have set up for them. And uh, if you

932
00:52:51,880 --> 00:52:54,359
Speaker 1: if you needed an emergency, it was generally agreed upon

933
00:52:54,480 --> 00:52:59,759
Speaker 1: that the longest ring possible was an emergency. So if

934
00:52:59,800 --> 00:53:01,840
Speaker 1: you're on a party line of like let's say fifteen

935
00:53:01,880 --> 00:53:05,799
Speaker 1: houses and there's a tornado coming through, you're the first

936
00:53:05,800 --> 00:53:07,640
Speaker 1: one to see it. You would do a long, long, long,

937
00:53:07,640 --> 00:53:10,759
Speaker 1: long ring, and everybody on that party line would either

938
00:53:10,840 --> 00:53:12,640
Speaker 1: just know that's a warning or they would know to

939
00:53:12,680 --> 00:53:15,239
Speaker 1: pick up all, everyone could pick up the phone at

940
00:53:15,280 --> 00:53:18,120
Speaker 1: once and Elmer could say we got a tornado come in,

941
00:53:20,000 --> 00:53:25,479
Speaker 1: and then it was like the origins of pretty much. Yeah. Yeah,

942
00:53:25,520 --> 00:53:28,120
Speaker 1: it was a good way to communicate quickly with your neighbors.

943
00:53:28,120 --> 00:53:31,120
Speaker 1: It was. It was a lifesaver. Yeah, another reason you

944
00:53:31,120 --> 00:53:33,239
Speaker 1: should just be happy to have any kind of phone line,

945
00:53:33,280 --> 00:53:37,480
Speaker 1: you hay seed. So this rubbering thing was was like

946
00:53:37,520 --> 00:53:40,160
Speaker 1: you said, it was quite a as you can imagine,

947
00:53:40,520 --> 00:53:43,239
Speaker 1: since there have been neighbors, there have been neighbors trying

948
00:53:43,280 --> 00:53:47,840
Speaker 1: to get another neighbor's business, So, uh, it was. It

949
00:53:47,960 --> 00:53:50,120
Speaker 1: was a big deal. Like sometimes they even said in

950
00:53:50,160 --> 00:53:53,560
Speaker 1: here you could kind of fashion a speaker phone if

951
00:53:53,560 --> 00:53:55,360
Speaker 1: you just wanted to listen in but not stay in

952
00:53:55,400 --> 00:53:58,239
Speaker 1: there by just letting the earpiece drop into like a

953
00:53:58,280 --> 00:54:01,640
Speaker 1: bucket or something ooops, and it would just you know,

954
00:54:01,760 --> 00:54:04,120
Speaker 1: to amplify the sound and you could go about cleaning

955
00:54:04,160 --> 00:54:06,759
Speaker 1: your house and listening in on your neighbor's conversation. Yeah.

956
00:54:06,800 --> 00:54:09,800
Speaker 1: And something Granny Bryant knew but took to her grave

957
00:54:09,840 --> 00:54:12,080
Speaker 1: and never share with anybody is that if you hung it,

958
00:54:12,200 --> 00:54:15,600
Speaker 1: dangled it into a croc a bacon fat, it would

959
00:54:15,600 --> 00:54:21,640
Speaker 1: really amplify it. That's I'm sure she had a party line.

960
00:54:21,640 --> 00:54:24,920
Speaker 1: There's no way she lived in Tennessee. Starting in the

961
00:54:25,040 --> 00:54:28,880
Speaker 1: nineteen d and part yeah for sure. And this actually,

962
00:54:28,880 --> 00:54:31,560
Speaker 1: I mean party lines went on for a while, as

963
00:54:31,960 --> 00:54:35,360
Speaker 1: you know, in the city, um where you know, people

964
00:54:36,360 --> 00:54:40,160
Speaker 1: demanded respect from phone companies. You you got your own

965
00:54:40,200 --> 00:54:42,680
Speaker 1: line sooner than later. But out in the rural areas

966
00:54:42,680 --> 00:54:45,120
Speaker 1: they continued on quite a while. And there's actually a

967
00:54:45,120 --> 00:54:48,440
Speaker 1: movie called Pillow Talk starring Doris Day and Rock Hudson.

968
00:54:48,680 --> 00:54:51,960
Speaker 1: Pretty great, cute little romcom from the late fifties, but

969
00:54:52,000 --> 00:54:54,600
Speaker 1: it was from nineteen fifty nine and the whole basis

970
00:54:54,680 --> 00:54:57,680
Speaker 1: of the plot revolved around a party line. Oh yeah,

971
00:54:57,800 --> 00:55:01,080
Speaker 1: like a mix up and it tensional mix of he

972
00:55:01,280 --> 00:55:05,120
Speaker 1: toyed with her a little bit. Yeah, yeah, that's a

973
00:55:05,120 --> 00:55:09,680
Speaker 1: good one. I like it. Well that's it man. Oh yeah,

974
00:55:09,719 --> 00:55:12,400
Speaker 1: party line operators they went the way of the dinosaur

975
00:55:12,440 --> 00:55:16,080
Speaker 1: when everybody started getting their own line and you didn't

976
00:55:16,080 --> 00:55:19,759
Speaker 1: need the party line operator. Nope, So long, get out

977
00:55:19,760 --> 00:55:21,839
Speaker 1: of get out of this office that you live in.

978
00:55:22,160 --> 00:55:25,480
Speaker 1: And now we've evolved to the point where everyone has

979
00:55:25,520 --> 00:55:29,400
Speaker 1: their own WiFi that's locked down by password and nobody

980
00:55:29,400 --> 00:55:32,040
Speaker 1: couldn't use it. Yeah, think about it. Do you remember

981
00:55:32,080 --> 00:55:37,040
Speaker 1: the times when you would call a number and you

982
00:55:37,040 --> 00:55:39,680
Speaker 1: you you could get any one of a number of

983
00:55:39,719 --> 00:55:43,360
Speaker 1: family members at the same number. And now it's like

984
00:55:43,440 --> 00:55:46,960
Speaker 1: you call somebody and you're calling that person. Everyone has

985
00:55:46,960 --> 00:55:50,080
Speaker 1: a phone number. It's like the next evolution from a

986
00:55:50,120 --> 00:55:53,520
Speaker 1: party from party lines to individual household lines. And now

987
00:55:53,560 --> 00:55:57,360
Speaker 1: individual people have lines. Because you would call and say,

988
00:55:57,680 --> 00:56:00,520
Speaker 1: can I speak to Josh, and then Mom would say,

989
00:56:00,640 --> 00:56:03,439
Speaker 1: Josh phone, and then after a couple of minutes, you'd

990
00:56:03,520 --> 00:56:09,239
Speaker 1: hear Mom hang up, stop rubbering, and then Mom would

991
00:56:09,280 --> 00:56:11,279
Speaker 1: fake it because she needed to know about all your

992
00:56:12,480 --> 00:56:16,920
Speaker 1: AH cigarette activities. Yeah, that's right. She'd be like, I

993
00:56:16,960 --> 00:56:22,160
Speaker 1: didn't know he switched to men thal. That's it, all right,

994
00:56:22,200 --> 00:56:25,760
Speaker 1: I got nothing else? All right? Extinct jobs? Will yours

995
00:56:25,800 --> 00:56:30,200
Speaker 1: be next? We'll find out in ten years. If you

996
00:56:30,200 --> 00:56:32,759
Speaker 1: want to know more about extinct jobs, there's a there's

997
00:56:32,760 --> 00:56:34,640
Speaker 1: an article we didn't cover two of them on the

998
00:56:34,680 --> 00:56:36,440
Speaker 1: site at how stuff works dot com. And since I

999
00:56:36,480 --> 00:56:41,240
Speaker 1: said that, it's time for a listener, mayo, I'm gonna

1000
00:56:41,239 --> 00:56:46,080
Speaker 1: call this uh Christiania m follow up. We heard from

1001
00:56:46,120 --> 00:56:48,880
Speaker 1: quite a few people that have been to this little

1002
00:56:48,880 --> 00:56:53,839
Speaker 1: idyllic or is it a dyllic village in uh near

1003
00:56:53,880 --> 00:57:00,200
Speaker 1: Copenhagen in Denmark? Yeah, Denmark, which is where Copenhagen is, right. Hey,

1004
00:57:00,160 --> 00:57:02,600
Speaker 1: I's been an Abod listener for about five years. I

1005
00:57:02,640 --> 00:57:07,640
Speaker 1: do not live in Christiania. Is that it's pronounced Christie?

1006
00:57:07,840 --> 00:57:10,840
Speaker 1: I think Christianna. All right, you may have misspelled it,

1007
00:57:11,680 --> 00:57:13,720
Speaker 1: but I did visit about five years ago. My cousin

1008
00:57:13,760 --> 00:57:17,040
Speaker 1: lives in Copenhagen. I live in Ireland, and he took

1009
00:57:17,120 --> 00:57:20,040
Speaker 1: me on a trip there after dark, in the middle

1010
00:57:20,040 --> 00:57:22,920
Speaker 1: of winter. It is a beautiful place, filled with arts,

1011
00:57:23,000 --> 00:57:26,000
Speaker 1: crafts in striking architecture. When we first entered, my cousin

1012
00:57:26,040 --> 00:57:28,439
Speaker 1: was quick to point out the sign that said have fun,

1013
00:57:28,760 --> 00:57:31,960
Speaker 1: don't run no photos. Asked him why, and he said,

1014
00:57:32,000 --> 00:57:34,280
Speaker 1: due to the nature of the site, like the sale

1015
00:57:34,320 --> 00:57:37,840
Speaker 1: of cannabis and other soft drugs that are otherwise illegal. Uh.

1016
00:57:37,880 --> 00:57:40,600
Speaker 1: And in fact, I'm adding this part myself, they're illegal

1017
00:57:40,640 --> 00:57:43,880
Speaker 1: there as well. Um. Because apparently other people said the

1018
00:57:43,920 --> 00:57:46,760
Speaker 1: cops will rate it sometimes uh. And in fact she

1019
00:57:46,760 --> 00:57:49,480
Speaker 1: says occasionally it is rated by police and running is

1020
00:57:49,520 --> 00:57:52,800
Speaker 1: seen as a threat of danger and as his photography

1021
00:57:52,840 --> 00:57:57,600
Speaker 1: for the same reasons. So apparently you don't run there, brother, No,

1022
00:57:57,880 --> 00:58:01,480
Speaker 1: you just chill. Yeah, just take its low man. At

1023
00:58:01,520 --> 00:58:03,800
Speaker 1: just nineteen, I was pretty intimidated. But why what I

1024
00:58:03,840 --> 00:58:06,920
Speaker 1: saw is lawlessness? Until my cousin mentioned we go for

1025
00:58:07,000 --> 00:58:09,280
Speaker 1: dinner there. He took me up a stairway covered in

1026
00:58:09,280 --> 00:58:13,280
Speaker 1: graffiti and artwork, only two open heavy doors into what

1027
00:58:13,440 --> 00:58:16,360
Speaker 1: remained my favorite restaurant of all time. Yeah, this sounds

1028
00:58:16,400 --> 00:58:19,760
Speaker 1: pretty amazing. Low wooden beam ceilings, white table cloths, and

1029
00:58:19,800 --> 00:58:23,080
Speaker 1: a simple, gorgeous, entirely in Danish menu that my cousin

1030
00:58:23,160 --> 00:58:26,160
Speaker 1: kindly translated. What followed was the most beautiful and memorable

1031
00:58:26,160 --> 00:58:28,480
Speaker 1: meal I've ever had, and it changed my idea that

1032
00:58:28,560 --> 00:58:31,640
Speaker 1: this place was lawless and scary. Since then, I've urged

1033
00:58:31,640 --> 00:58:34,400
Speaker 1: any friends to visit Denmark to stop by. Next time

1034
00:58:34,400 --> 00:58:36,040
Speaker 1: I visit my cousin, I'll be sure to go during

1035
00:58:36,080 --> 00:58:38,520
Speaker 1: the day and taking the beautiful murals in the sun

1036
00:58:39,560 --> 00:58:42,200
Speaker 1: between you guys and the mcelroys. Hope to never run

1037
00:58:42,240 --> 00:58:46,080
Speaker 1: out of informative and entertaining podcasts. You never will. Lots

1038
00:58:46,120 --> 00:58:49,640
Speaker 1: of love your Irish Pal. Thanks a lot, Irish Pal.

1039
00:58:49,680 --> 00:58:52,360
Speaker 1: That was a great story man. The idea of going

1040
00:58:52,400 --> 00:58:54,920
Speaker 1: to the best restaurant you've ever been to in an

1041
00:58:54,920 --> 00:58:59,560
Speaker 1: anarchist project in Denmark is pretty awesome. Yeah, and other

1042
00:58:59,560 --> 00:59:01,480
Speaker 1: people's you I should point out just that went during

1043
00:59:01,480 --> 00:59:04,720
Speaker 1: the day talked about how just insane some of these

1044
00:59:05,520 --> 00:59:07,720
Speaker 1: houses were because at one point, I think there was

1045
00:59:07,800 --> 00:59:12,000
Speaker 1: a a contest or something and all of these houses

1046
00:59:12,080 --> 00:59:13,800
Speaker 1: or a lot of these houses were built during that

1047
00:59:13,880 --> 00:59:16,760
Speaker 1: time frame, and you know, they just range from these

1048
00:59:16,800 --> 00:59:21,560
Speaker 1: crazy art looking homes to just very modest things. But

1049
00:59:21,640 --> 00:59:24,200
Speaker 1: it just sounds like some people did send a few

1050
00:59:24,200 --> 00:59:27,960
Speaker 1: pictures like decorating your cubicle around a holiday or something,

1051
00:59:28,560 --> 00:59:34,120
Speaker 1: which no either do you know. So if you want

1052
00:59:34,120 --> 00:59:35,720
Speaker 1: to get in touch with me and Chuck, you can

1053
00:59:35,760 --> 00:59:38,040
Speaker 1: follow us on social you can go to stuff you

1054
00:59:38,040 --> 00:59:40,320
Speaker 1: Should Know dot com and all of our links are there.

1055
00:59:40,480 --> 00:59:43,600
Speaker 1: You're gonna love it, And you can also send us

1056
00:59:43,600 --> 00:59:46,840
Speaker 1: an email, right, Chuck, that's right. Send it to stuff

1057
00:59:47,080 --> 00:59:55,120
Speaker 1: podcast at how stuff works dot com for more on

1058
00:59:55,200 --> 00:59:57,680
Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics. Is it how stuff

1059
00:59:57,680 --> 01:00:05,840
Speaker 1: works dot com.