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Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature, feature of production of I Heart Radio.

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Speaker 1: I'm your host of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied

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Speaker 1: psychology and evolutionary biology, and I like birds. It's true,

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Speaker 1: I admit it. Today on the show, we'll be talking

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Speaker 1: about a brief history of birds. Turns out the history

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Speaker 1: of birds isn't really all that brief. Thanks a lot,

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Speaker 1: Stephen Hawking. There are a lot of secrets that birds

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Speaker 1: are hiding in their evolutionary history, and we have to

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Speaker 1: go all the way back to dinosaur times to find them.

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Speaker 1: Are there secretly still dinosaurs lurking among us? How did

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Speaker 1: birds learn how to fly? Why did some birds decide

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Speaker 1: to be so small? Discover this and more as we

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Speaker 1: answer the asual questions is birds dinosaurs? Joining me today

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Speaker 1: is podcast writer in our fabulous producer, Joel Monique. Hey, guys,

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Speaker 1: what's up. It's so good to have you back on Joel.

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Speaker 1: Thank you, it's nice to be back. I am jealous

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Speaker 1: listening to you talk to all of these people, and

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Speaker 1: I always want to chain in and I'm like, this

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Speaker 1: is not your show. Take a step back. You should

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Speaker 1: we gotta, we should have you on a hot mike

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Speaker 1: at all times. Oh my god, I love that. It's

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Speaker 1: just gonna be me being like it could really do that?

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Speaker 1: What honestly, honestly, now that you say that, let's do it. Okay,

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Speaker 1: you're not like all the time, as long as you're

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Speaker 1: not too stressed about it, I'm here for well, speaking

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Speaker 1: of stress. So I am sorry to do this to

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Speaker 1: you today. We're talking about birth. I should have known

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Speaker 1: the betrayal. Okay, all right, put on my brave hat

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Speaker 1: and we're just gonna get through this. Put on your

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Speaker 1: brave hat. So you know, Joel, you do have a

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Speaker 1: fear of birth. I do know this. I'm not here

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Speaker 1: to torture you, Okay, I want to basically, well, I

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Speaker 1: want to validate your fear while also maybe helping you

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Speaker 1: be less afraid. Does that make sense. I don't know

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Speaker 1: how you're going to do both, but I look forward

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Speaker 1: to the validating part so that I can blast it

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Speaker 1: for my brothers and be like, listen, here's a really

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Speaker 1: good reason that you should be afraid of birds, right right? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Because I think when most people here are like, you're

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Speaker 1: afraid of birds, it's like, well, how can you be

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Speaker 1: afraid of birds? But I think that it now I'm

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Speaker 1: speaking as someone who absolutely loves birds. They're like my

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Speaker 1: favorite kind of animal. But I do understand your fear.

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Speaker 1: I do think it's valid. Would it surprise you and

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Speaker 1: everyone listening out there to hear that dinosaurs did not

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Speaker 1: die out and they are currently alive and well because

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Speaker 1: they're birds and I know that, and that's why I'm

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Speaker 1: afraid of birds. Listen, here's my theory on birds. I

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Speaker 1: know they have small brains, but some birds have memory,

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Speaker 1: some birds hold grudges, all those all birds have claws

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Speaker 1: and the advantage of flight. Listen, if these guys ever

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Speaker 1: got together and we're like, listen, we got it next

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Speaker 1: to human race. Look at them. They're killing our trees

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Speaker 1: and I like resources for living. They could absolutely take

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Speaker 1: us out. They have all of the advantages, and most

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Speaker 1: people aren't afraid of them. It's they're honestly the best predators.

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Speaker 1: It's horrifying, and they're all around us. They are smarter,

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Speaker 1: better dinosaurs, and I mean, that's why I personally liked them,

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Speaker 1: and I welcome the bird revolution. I for one, will

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Speaker 1: welcome our bird overlords with open arms or should I

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Speaker 1: say open wings? But yes, I mean those are all

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Speaker 1: valid reasons to respect, and I suppose fear the birds.

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Speaker 1: So the general consensus amongst evolutionary biologists is that birds

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Speaker 1: are literally dinosaurs, not like, oh, they're like they're living dinosaurs. No,

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Speaker 1: they are actually dinosaurs, just like snakes are reptiles or

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Speaker 1: humans are mammals, and they are the only living dinosaurs

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Speaker 1: in the world, which is something I mean, like, you know,

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Speaker 1: Jurassic Park is basically going to the zoo and going

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Speaker 1: into the aviary, which is you know whatifying. So I

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Speaker 1: love birds, I get anxious when I go to the aviary,

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Speaker 1: not because I'm scared of the birds, but I feel

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Speaker 1: like the chance I'm going to get pooped on is

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Speaker 1: almost a percent. I am both afraid of birds and claustrophobic,

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Speaker 1: which makes the aviary my nightmare. Scenaria swarms right, like

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Speaker 1: swarms of things and they're all just around it all

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Speaker 1: like the Leaguing Park Zoo in Chicago, which was the

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Speaker 1: zoo I went to the most as like a child

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Speaker 1: has an open aviary, so like it's an enclosed space

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Speaker 1: and then there's like chicken wire that's sort of over

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Speaker 1: a bridge that you can walk through. Other than that,

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Speaker 1: it's just birds flapping overhead, very loud, and then when

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Speaker 1: you exit, it's a giant, like I want to say,

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Speaker 1: twenty foot tall cage just the birds of prey. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's like want of each bird of prey like a

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Speaker 1: weird noise ar. It was the most traumatizing because it

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Speaker 1: would be you could just close your eyes and you

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Speaker 1: think that would be better, but when you close your eyes,

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Speaker 1: you're just and you feel it was like moist and

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Speaker 1: dark in there. It's not a pleasant experience. Now I

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Speaker 1: actually do like it. I do like aviaries as long

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Speaker 1: as I'm wearing a hat because I'm like, well, if

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Speaker 1: I get put on, it's got to be on a hat.

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Speaker 1: I don't want to get that out of my hair.

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Speaker 1: But yes, I imagine if you are afraid of birds,

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Speaker 1: an aviary is perhaps you know, the seventh Circle of

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Speaker 1: Hell similar. So I think it is a fascinating story

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Speaker 1: of how dinosaurs turned into birds. And I think it

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Speaker 1: is when you really look at a bird, I think

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Speaker 1: you can kind of see, oh yeah, yeah that I

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Speaker 1: can see how that's kind of a dinosaur like, but

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Speaker 1: it is. It's how it's kind of mind blowing to

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Speaker 1: think about how these huge dinosaurs slowly turned into these

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Speaker 1: little puff balls and why they would go from being

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Speaker 1: these incredible, huge dino terrors roaming the earth to birds, like,

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Speaker 1: why did that happen? So I want to talk about

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Speaker 1: how dinosaurs turned into birds that and Joel, I think

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Speaker 1: you will come from this feeling both validated and maybe hopefully.

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Speaker 1: I don't know understanding birds and where they're coming from.

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Speaker 1: I would like to. I would like to understand. So

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Speaker 1: birds came from a clade of dinosaurs called theropods, and

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Speaker 1: they share a common ancestor with t Rex and velocerats,

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Speaker 1: the big ones, the and the deadly ones, the okay, yeah,

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Speaker 1: the scary ones from Jurassic Park. M M. So again

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Speaker 1: point one for Joel, valid valid fear. And so they

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Speaker 1: didn't I have heard things like they came from t Rex,

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Speaker 1: like as in, they directly descended from t Rex. That's

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Speaker 1: not quite true. It's that they both share a common ancestors,

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Speaker 1: so they're related. But they're like cousins. Okay, yes, that's

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Speaker 1: very clear. They hang out during the summer, you know,

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Speaker 1: but they're they're not living together. They don't have all

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Speaker 1: the same jeans. They do holidays with each other, you know,

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Speaker 1: catch up and uh yeah, I would it would be fun.

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Speaker 1: I have wonderful cousins. I don't want to diss my cousins.

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Speaker 1: They're great. I would love one of them to be

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Speaker 1: a t Rex, though. I mean the advantages when you

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Speaker 1: go to the mall, that you're clearing out spaces right right,

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Speaker 1: exactly like picking out you know, during holidays, picking out

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Speaker 1: a tree, going to malls shop and like you know,

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Speaker 1: you just like one whip of that huge tail knocks

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Speaker 1: everyone out clear, clears a path. You're going to get

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Speaker 1: straight to the front of the line. Cheesecake factory. It's probable.

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Speaker 1: I see you have a t Rex with you. Well,

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Speaker 1: we have the special table. It's called the whole restaurant.

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Speaker 1: Please do come in. I love it that Pus is

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Speaker 1: not allowed to drink though he cannot. No, no, you

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Speaker 1: can't drink while being a t Rex. It's just dangerous.

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Speaker 1: Do you t do you t Rex? Yeah, that's not

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Speaker 1: not allowed. It's just imagine joke. Rex. Let's backing through

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Speaker 1: a ball. It's ridiculous. You know, he's got like a

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Speaker 1: little beer bottle of his tittle close smashing it to

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Speaker 1: the ground. But it looks really funny because those a

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Speaker 1: little tiny Yeah, that's amazing. So they did descend from

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Speaker 1: probably somewhat bigger like dinosaurs that were bigger than most

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Speaker 1: birds are today, certainly so around a hundred to five

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Speaker 1: hundred pounds, with lots of teeth and definitely could not

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Speaker 1: fly yet. But those were their common ancestors, were these

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Speaker 1: big kind of like uh probably sort of uh, I

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Speaker 1: don't know, raptor looking dinosaurs and you know, chunky, so

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Speaker 1: you know not you know, that was their common ancestor

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Speaker 1: with things like t rex and velociraptors. So another misconception, though,

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Speaker 1: is that birds descended from archaeopterics. Have you ever heard

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Speaker 1: of archaeopters? I have not. So archaeopterics is a classic

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Speaker 1: fossil of this dinosaur that is considered or used to

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Speaker 1: be considered one of the earliest birds, the mega early bird,

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Speaker 1: where it's this little raptor looking dinosaur with feathers. Do

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Speaker 1: you want to describe what you're seeing here this picture? Okay?

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Speaker 1: I want you to imagine the feet of a chicken

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Speaker 1: and the tail of a peacock, the wings of like

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Speaker 1: a two can you know, but like blue and green

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Speaker 1: instead of that bright red color. And then like a

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Speaker 1: tiny velociraptor head and that's vehnm right, And so that's archaeopterics.

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Speaker 1: We actually don't know what color it was. This is

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Speaker 1: probably the artist's interpretation. This artist was just like, I

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Speaker 1: don't make it a peacock. Why not? It could have

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Speaker 1: been it could have been like jet black, like a

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Speaker 1: big raven. Actually they probably were raven sized. And there's

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Speaker 1: some there's a lot of research about it, like trying

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Speaker 1: to figure out what color it was. Some say like, oh,

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Speaker 1: it was actually it shared properties of like uh, blackbirds

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Speaker 1: and ravens, so like maybe it was jet black, but

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Speaker 1: it's it's hard to say, like there's something like no, no,

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Speaker 1: it had other colors. We don't really know. I like

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Speaker 1: to think of it as being really fancy, just peacock colored. Personally,

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Speaker 1: I like the idea of Edgar Allen Poe knowing this

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Speaker 1: and his raven was really this guy just a big

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Speaker 1: gas dinosaur. Never more quoth the raven. It makes a

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Speaker 1: story much more fascinating. Read that right now. But that

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Speaker 1: is but that is archaeopterics, and it and it was small,

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Speaker 1: so about the size of a raven, which I mean

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Speaker 1: I guess when I say small quote unquote ravens are

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Speaker 1: pretty pretty hefty for birds, and they were around a

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Speaker 1: hundred and fifty million years ago, so that's late Jurassic,

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Speaker 1: about a foot long. The way I think of it

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Speaker 1: is they kind of look like a road rudder, but

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Speaker 1: with teeth and a very lizard looking face. That's a

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Speaker 1: very good description. Yeah, And it's like it's often considered

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Speaker 1: this missing link between birds and dinosaurs, but it's also

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Speaker 1: very possible and probably true that archaeopterics and birds shared

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Speaker 1: a common ancestor. But archaeopterics was kind of this like

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Speaker 1: volutionary pit stop two birds. I don't know, I don't

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Speaker 1: think that there's like a definite consensus yet, Like it's

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Speaker 1: always tricky trying to trace back fossil records and figure

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Speaker 1: out exactly how these evolutionary paths were. But yeah, certainly

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Speaker 1: it was definitely at least a pit stop from dinosaurs

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Speaker 1: to birds. I will say as somebody who has done

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Speaker 1: some very minor studies on like the structure of animal

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Speaker 1: bodies into fantasy creatures, like a specifically need like dragons,

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Speaker 1: where some people really to test when dragons have four limbs,

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Speaker 1: because they're like, that's not how science works. They're like

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Speaker 1: you can have the wings instead of the arms, and

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Speaker 1: that would make it. And I'm looking at this guy

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Speaker 1: and he has like wing arms, like he has like

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Speaker 1: the little chicken fee as at the end of his wings,

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Speaker 1: which makes me think about talents. Yeah, I'm trying to

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Speaker 1: imagine him in combat like this one foot winged claw creature.

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Speaker 1: I feel like, listen, chicken, it's are bad. I don't

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Speaker 1: want to promote that, but if pay to see this guy,

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Speaker 1: I would If this, if we could see two archaeopterics

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Speaker 1: consenting to doing a wrestling match, yes, that would be

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Speaker 1: great for the first thing. First thing I'm going to

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Speaker 1: do if I get a time machine and an ability

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Speaker 1: to communicate with dinosaurs. Yeah, but I do love that,

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Speaker 1: Like I mean, like, if you want to come up

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Speaker 1: with an awesome dragon, just look at bird evolutionary history archaeopterics.

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Speaker 1: You scale that thing up, maybe make it a little meteor,

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Speaker 1: a little a little more buff like that, Like that

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Speaker 1: would be a terrifying dragon. And it does. It does

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Speaker 1: have claws on its wings, and you can kind of

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Speaker 1: imagine the wings folding and it kind of walking along

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Speaker 1: on its claws with like the folded back wings. But

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Speaker 1: then like unfolding them and being capable of flight. So

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Speaker 1: there actually has been a lot of debate over like

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Speaker 1: whether these guys flew, how they flew, Like what what's

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Speaker 1: the deal? We obviously can't watch one of them work

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Speaker 1: until Jeff Goldbloom or whoever it is clones. It wasn't

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Speaker 1: Jeff Goldbloom who did. It was the other guy. But

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Speaker 1: you know, once they cloned dinosaurs, which they don't need

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Speaker 1: to do again because we already have dinosaurs and they

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Speaker 1: are birds, but they so there are theories that range

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Speaker 1: from it being a glider to like so basically like

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Speaker 1: a flying squirrel or something where it's like on a

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Speaker 1: branch and then it glides down to another branch. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Some their eyes that it could have run on the

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Speaker 1: ground and taken off from the ground, and then others

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Speaker 1: are like, no, it wasn't strong enough, like it's flight

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Speaker 1: muscles weren't strong enough to do that. Uh. There are

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Speaker 1: recent studies that are like, oh, it was probably a

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Speaker 1: burst flyer like pheasants and modern birds, that it's bone

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Speaker 1: structure seems to be very similar to where basically it

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Speaker 1: didn't fly a lot, but then it could use its

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Speaker 1: wings to evade predators. By these short bursts of flight

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Speaker 1: up to tree branches, or by like gliding and like

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Speaker 1: hopping from one branch to another and using its wings

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Speaker 1: to basically be able to do these little bursts of

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Speaker 1: like amplified jumping or or short flight to be able

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Speaker 1: to escape predators. But yeah, so it's most of the

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Speaker 1: theories suggest it was at least using those wings for

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Speaker 1: something similar to flight, if not you know, full fledged flying.

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Speaker 1: I'd like to imagine that it just like to glide

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Speaker 1: a lot, like it was just like a sugar glider,

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Speaker 1: and instead of like just hopping to the ground, it's

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Speaker 1: like I'm just gonna lazily, like, listen, I got these wings,

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Speaker 1: no one else does. I'm just gonna enjoy gliding a

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Speaker 1: little bit. Okay, I changed my mind. We do have

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Speaker 1: to clone these and I have to have one. Can

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Speaker 1: you imagine being It'd be like being in falconry, but

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Speaker 1: way way cooler and I love Look, I love falconry,

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Speaker 1: But imagine this like your you have your your leathery

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Speaker 1: gloved hand and then one of these things just lands

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Speaker 1: on you and go listen. The Kalisi cosplay is about

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Speaker 1: to get a huge transformation. Okay, that would be amazing.

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Speaker 1: So how dinosaurs became birds again, it's like, well, how

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Speaker 1: it's see it's such a huge change. Is this something

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Speaker 1: where it's like it happened in these really dramatic steps,

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Speaker 1: a drastic mutation in these dinosaurs that somehow was useful

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Speaker 1: and then that was like this huge leap and evolution.

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Speaker 1: So that's actually called hopeful monster in evolutionary biology, which

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Speaker 1: I feel like you would you would very much agree

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Speaker 1: with birds being hopeful monsters. But hopeful monster basically means

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Speaker 1: you want, like, most significant mutations aren't going to be great,

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Speaker 1: Like you have a mutation and like half of your

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Speaker 1: body is gone or something, I'm not gonna work out

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Speaker 1: so good for you in terms of evolution. But the

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Speaker 1: hopeful monsters theory is that like if you once in

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Speaker 1: a while you're gonna have a dramatic mutation ation that

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Speaker 1: actually does help you. And so you're basically you're hopeful monster.

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Speaker 1: So you're a monster that's hoping that you're ridiculously horrific

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Speaker 1: mutation actually works out for you. That is such an

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Speaker 1: interesting concept. I want to apply it to humans and

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Speaker 1: put it in a side. But they were talking about

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Speaker 1: a lot of sci fi stuff today because that's sort

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Speaker 1: of my corner of the world. But I really love

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Speaker 1: the idea of us being hopeful monsters and what would

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Speaker 1: our like major genetic change be. It doesn't decimate us

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Speaker 1: as a species, Yeah, that would be it. I like

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Speaker 1: the idea that we're suddenly eight feet tall with claws. Okay,

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Speaker 1: we are a true alphabetic. I don't know if keep

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Speaker 1: seeing in person, but of course we have to paint

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Speaker 1: our clause because that's who we are as humans right now.

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Speaker 1: They actually have really long nails right now because like

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Speaker 1: I haven't really had to do anything, so they've just

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Speaker 1: been getting longer and longer practice for the next evolutionary

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Speaker 1: step exactly. The problem with the hopeful monster idea is

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Speaker 1: that again, like most significant mutations will end up killing

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Speaker 1: you basically, like they're not gonna be good. So it's

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Speaker 1: very very rare that a really significant mutation that results

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Speaker 1: in like a whole limb changing or falling off is

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Speaker 1: gonna be good. So often the evolutionary change happens over

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Speaker 1: these smaller changes over time. So it's like it's this

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Speaker 1: balance of trying to find out, okay, well, was this

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Speaker 1: a big leap? Was this animal's parents significantly different from it,

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Speaker 1: or was there like this little small incremental change. And

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Speaker 1: the answer is like, sometimes it's these small changes. Sometimes

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Speaker 1: it's like a bigger change that happened suddenly, and sometimes

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Speaker 1: it's a mix of the two. So it's not it's

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Speaker 1: definitely not always really clear, Like you don't have the

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Speaker 1: smooth gradient of change for one animal to the next.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes you do, and then it's interrupted by like a

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Speaker 1: big sudden change. Usually you wouldn't have like a bunch

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Speaker 1: of big changes in a row because that's very unlikely.

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Speaker 1: But still it's it's very it's it's complicated. So it's

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Speaker 1: more likely that bird like features developed over millions of years,

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Speaker 1: so feathers started to evolve in dinosaurs long before birds

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Speaker 1: started to evolve. And I think this is something a

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Speaker 1: lot of people are becoming aware of in terms of like, hey,

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Speaker 1: our image of what a dinosaur looks like may not

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Speaker 1: be Jurassic Park. It maybe you know Old McDonald where

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Speaker 1: you had a bunch of giant chickens running around. I

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Speaker 1: remember for hearing about that and like late high school

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Speaker 1: and being like, wait, what not lizards but birds? And

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Speaker 1: then I was like, man, what does all that plumage

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Speaker 1: look like and where they like when chickens you call

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Speaker 1: it when birds shed their feathers MALTI yeah, are they

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Speaker 1: like giant dinosaurs? Just malting? Probably sore feathers like blowing

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Speaker 1: in the wind. You could stuff a whole matt like

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Speaker 1: imagine so if like t rex has had enough feathers,

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Speaker 1: could stuff a whole mattress. You hold down mattress, have

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Speaker 1: a t rex down comforter am I like with like

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Speaker 1: a baby t rex. Oh, I bet that'd be soft,

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Speaker 1: but yeah, it's a It's so reptiles share a common

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Speaker 1: ancestor with dinosaurs, but they didn't evolve from dinosaurs and

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Speaker 1: birds and reptiles have a common ancestor, but birds are dinosaurs.

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Speaker 1: We have makes sense, yes, but I have some questions.

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Speaker 1: So reptiles alive during like the Trassic period area of

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Speaker 1: the Drastic period, were dinosaurs or not dinosaurs? Is there

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Speaker 1: an overlap? Yeah, there's like an overlap in terms of

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Speaker 1: like they are share an ancestor, like they there were

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Speaker 1: these proto reptile proto dinosaurs around and then those branch

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Speaker 1: off into dinosaurs and reptiles. There's like reptiles around during

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Speaker 1: dinosaur times chilling out and then there's eventually dinosaurs turned

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Speaker 1: into birds, so prehistoric gaiters just reptiles, not dinosaurs crocodiles.

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Speaker 1: That changes my whole idea. I was just like all dinosaurs, dinosaurs,

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Speaker 1: everything that lived back disa because there were also there

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Speaker 1: were mammals around during dinosaur times. It's true. Actually, I'm

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Speaker 1: not sure there were whales when dinosaurs were around, because like,

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Speaker 1: whales actually were terrestrial mammals that went back into the water. What. So, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: whales started out as these kind of like weird, little

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Speaker 1: horse like animals, and then these little horse like animals

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Speaker 1: turned into these sort of semi aquatic predator like animals

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Speaker 1: that were like almost like mammalian alligators. It was really weird.

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Speaker 1: And then those those turned into whales. Okay, it's super weird.

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Speaker 1: What a journey whales have been on. Now I'm trying

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Speaker 1: to imagine horses turning into wales. It's like a horse,

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Speaker 1: it's not a whale, it's a swimming creature. What but

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Speaker 1: it has no legs, and so it's where does it's

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Speaker 1: fin go? Oh my god, I please somebody draw me

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Speaker 1: a horse turning into a whale like creature and not

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Speaker 1: losing its color. I would like it to remain it's

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Speaker 1: velvet brown, please, and it's a tail in a mane,

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Speaker 1: but like its legs are flippers. Yes, I think I've

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Speaker 1: seen drawings of that, like like like sort of mermaid horses.

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Speaker 1: It reminds me of a pokemon, but I can't remember

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Speaker 1: which one. It's blue and it's got like a shell,

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Speaker 1: but it's like a dinosaur neck. Oh man, some of

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Speaker 1: you are like, it's this thing. Um yeah, but so

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Speaker 1: many angry nerves so sorry you guys. Feel free to

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Speaker 1: tweet me about it. Uh yeah, it would be really cool,

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Speaker 1: right to be angry. Yeah, I would. I would love

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Speaker 1: to have one as a pet and then we would

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Speaker 1: swim together and it would be amazing. You can have that,

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Speaker 1: I can have the archaeopterics and we will be so happy. So,

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Speaker 1: in terms of dinosaurs evolving into birds, like one of

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Speaker 1: the big things is like, okay, how did they get

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Speaker 1: so small and able? Basically going from being these big

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Speaker 1: terrestrial animals to being able to fly and being small

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Speaker 1: enough to fly some of them and birds skeletal structure

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Speaker 1: actually looks a lot like embryonic dinosaurs, so it wasn't

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Speaker 1: really that hard for birds to use dino d n

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Speaker 1: A that already had these structures in their embryos to

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Speaker 1: scale down and become more efficient for flying. So basically,

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Speaker 1: these there's a theory that dinosaurs, these mutations were basically

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Speaker 1: making the dinosaurs more and more immature. So birds are

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Speaker 1: like little baby dinosaurs flap it around. That's so cute. Okay,

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Speaker 1: listen as terrifying anything. Fruits are, it's really cute. They're

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Speaker 1: just like and they it's like they did to themselves

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Speaker 1: what we did to dogs. We were like, makes them

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Speaker 1: very tiny, as we can keep them in our baths

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Speaker 1: like we need to be, so we can evade danger

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Speaker 1: wall with themselves. It's so freaking cute. And I think

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Speaker 1: typically when we think of like smaller animals, we think

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Speaker 1: of them as being more in danger, like less able

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Speaker 1: to protect themselves. So that's very strange. Well, the reason

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Speaker 1: they came smaller is it actually helps them to fit

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Speaker 1: into a certain evolutionary niche. So if you're a big animal,

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Speaker 1: like a big predator like t rex, you may think, well,

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Speaker 1: that's the optimal thing. They're all dead now because they

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Speaker 1: had to eat so much meat and they you know,

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Speaker 1: basically it's not easy to be a predator. It's really

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Speaker 1: hard to be a predator. You have to eat a

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Speaker 1: bunch of meat if your hunt doesn't go well, if

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Speaker 1: your prey is evolving to avoid you better. If something

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Speaker 1: happens to the climate, for instance, or a big cataclysmic

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Speaker 1: event where you can't find food, you're doomed. If you're

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Speaker 1: small and you can get into this niche that's not

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Speaker 1: being used like trees, and you're able to go after

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Speaker 1: something very abundant like insects, you're actually much more likely

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Speaker 1: to survive, even if some of you get eaten as

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Speaker 1: a snack. But again, you're small and you're starting to

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Speaker 1: get more agile. You can actually start to fly and

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Speaker 1: glide it like the archaeopterics. You're able to evade predators.

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Speaker 1: You're becoming way more successful than a t rex ever

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Speaker 1: could be by getting smaller, by scaling down, And basically

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Speaker 1: you're like, yeah, I'm not a big barbarian, I'm a

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Speaker 1: little rogue. I'm a little ninja like I basically can

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Speaker 1: get through this evolutionary dungeon no problem. No matter what

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Speaker 1: I roll on stealth, I'm gonna win. Okay, that is

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Speaker 1: way cool and it makes a lot of sense to again,

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Speaker 1: I have such an elementary understanding of like the dinosaurs

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Speaker 1: and what happened. We studied that in third grade and

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Speaker 1: then no one thought it was important for me to

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Speaker 1: talk about it again, and so I understand it was

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Speaker 1: like giant comic cons is dead. It makes much more

423
00:26:13,320 --> 00:26:16,199
Speaker 1: sight that it's like, well, then their food supply was changed,

424
00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:18,119
Speaker 1: and then yeah, the weather it was a little different.

425
00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:22,879
Speaker 1: And it's the actual impact of the comment isn't really

426
00:26:23,920 --> 00:26:27,560
Speaker 1: what killed them. It's it was the change in their

427
00:26:27,680 --> 00:26:32,800
Speaker 1: environment and climate and just not like basic it's it's sad,

428
00:26:32,880 --> 00:26:36,040
Speaker 1: but yeah, like slowly you know, dying off and and

429
00:26:36,200 --> 00:26:39,640
Speaker 1: starving or you know, just not you know, yeah, it's

430
00:26:39,680 --> 00:26:41,760
Speaker 1: a I think that's one of the things like when

431
00:26:41,760 --> 00:26:44,639
Speaker 1: we talk when we think about big cataclysmic events like

432
00:26:44,680 --> 00:26:48,640
Speaker 1: a like a meteor strike or global warming or even

433
00:26:48,680 --> 00:26:51,720
Speaker 1: like a nuclear disaster, we think, Okay, that's it. It's binary,

434
00:26:52,040 --> 00:26:54,919
Speaker 1: We're done. It's like no, like we'd still be around.

435
00:26:54,960 --> 00:26:57,760
Speaker 1: We'd have to find a way to survive and evolve

436
00:26:57,880 --> 00:27:01,240
Speaker 1: or else we're gonna be like dinosaur. Essentially, if we

437
00:27:01,359 --> 00:27:03,720
Speaker 1: end up curing my fear birds today, I will leave

438
00:27:03,760 --> 00:27:08,920
Speaker 1: with a healthy new fear of comets our world, so

439
00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:18,720
Speaker 1: sudden technically a meteor once you get your atmosphere meteor.

440
00:27:20,280 --> 00:27:23,240
Speaker 1: So the other big change from dinosaurs to bird is

441
00:27:23,440 --> 00:27:26,920
Speaker 1: pretty obvious. They don't have teeth anymore, right, so why

442
00:27:26,960 --> 00:27:29,240
Speaker 1: did they lose their teeth in favor of a beak?

443
00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:33,840
Speaker 1: So some birds, especially aquatic birds, do have toothlike structures

444
00:27:33,840 --> 00:27:37,040
Speaker 1: in their beak, which are called denticles, but these aren't

445
00:27:37,200 --> 00:27:40,160
Speaker 1: real teeth in the sense that dinosaurs had them. So

446
00:27:40,240 --> 00:27:42,960
Speaker 1: the teeth did go away, and in some forms like

447
00:27:42,960 --> 00:27:46,440
Speaker 1: they re evolved these kind of like denticles or whatever.

448
00:27:46,480 --> 00:27:49,480
Speaker 1: But yeah, so like, why it seems like teeth you

449
00:27:49,520 --> 00:27:52,200
Speaker 1: would want It seems like it's pretty pretty good good

450
00:27:52,200 --> 00:27:55,040
Speaker 1: thing to have no reason to really get rid of that.

451
00:27:55,400 --> 00:27:58,239
Speaker 1: But recent research suggests that it has to do with

452
00:27:58,480 --> 00:28:03,680
Speaker 1: egg incubation time. So the development of teeth in the

453
00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:08,040
Speaker 1: egg is estimated to have taken up sixty of egg

454
00:28:08,080 --> 00:28:12,560
Speaker 1: development time. And dinosaurs, so you get rid of the teeth,

455
00:28:13,359 --> 00:28:16,479
Speaker 1: you have a much more limited amount of time in

456
00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:20,080
Speaker 1: that very delicate, vulnerable egg where anyone can turn you

457
00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:23,200
Speaker 1: into an omelet, and more time getting out in the world,

458
00:28:23,320 --> 00:28:27,080
Speaker 1: spreading your jeans, doing bird stuff and hopefully, you know,

459
00:28:27,560 --> 00:28:30,880
Speaker 1: maturing to adulthood and passing on your jeans. So it

460
00:28:30,960 --> 00:28:33,119
Speaker 1: was a trade off of do I want to spend

461
00:28:33,119 --> 00:28:36,360
Speaker 1: all this time as a little delicious egg growing these

462
00:28:36,359 --> 00:28:41,040
Speaker 1: teeth or ditch the teeth, you know. I like the

463
00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:44,560
Speaker 1: idea that spending six of their time just growing teeth.

464
00:28:44,920 --> 00:28:47,280
Speaker 1: I actually that means they had many sets of teeth

465
00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:53,000
Speaker 1: and they were falling out. That is horrifying. I six

466
00:28:54,200 --> 00:28:57,360
Speaker 1: in imbryo on teeth. I don't think of babies is

467
00:28:57,400 --> 00:29:00,280
Speaker 1: having teeth. Maybe the teeth is very scary. You're like,

468
00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:02,280
Speaker 1: that's not right. You're supposed to just be all gun

469
00:29:02,360 --> 00:29:06,320
Speaker 1: out there, little dinosaur embryos just working really hard, like

470
00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:17,160
Speaker 1: doing like out. I'm imagining dinosaurs with giant dentri sized teeth,

471
00:29:17,280 --> 00:29:20,680
Speaker 1: like he's way too large through their mouth and their

472
00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:23,560
Speaker 1: babies and they're just chomp chomp, chop, chop chomp. It's

473
00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:32,280
Speaker 1: very cute. So reptiles, well, it's the deal with reptiles.

474
00:29:32,760 --> 00:29:36,120
Speaker 1: You may have heard that dinosaurs are reptiles, birds are reptiles,

475
00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:40,560
Speaker 1: or that reptiles came from dinosaurs, and it gets pretty confusing. Honestly,

476
00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:45,160
Speaker 1: that's because reptiles is a kind of outdated classification and

477
00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:48,480
Speaker 1: one that's gone through some changes over the years. It

478
00:29:48,640 --> 00:29:51,680
Speaker 1: used to just mean anything scaly and cold blooded, that is,

479
00:29:51,720 --> 00:29:54,800
Speaker 1: having to regulate its blood temperature by using its environment.

480
00:29:55,240 --> 00:29:58,880
Speaker 1: Then we started to pay more attention to phylogeny, that is,

481
00:29:58,960 --> 00:30:04,320
Speaker 1: evolutionary his Street in categorizing animals, not just using their characteristics.

482
00:30:04,960 --> 00:30:09,800
Speaker 1: Modern day reptiles such as crocodiles, lizards, snakes, and turtles

483
00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:14,000
Speaker 1: did not evolve from dinosaurs. They evolved from an early

484
00:30:14,080 --> 00:30:22,360
Speaker 1: reptilian ancestor. In fact, so did mammals. Mammals, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, turtles, dinosaurs,

485
00:30:22,400 --> 00:30:26,680
Speaker 1: and birds are all classes of animals who share a

486
00:30:26,800 --> 00:30:32,320
Speaker 1: common stem reptile ancestor. Imagine a tree branching off where

487
00:30:32,320 --> 00:30:35,880
Speaker 1: you start with a small early reptile creature with a

488
00:30:35,920 --> 00:30:39,880
Speaker 1: branch leading to mammals, a branch leading to turtles, a

489
00:30:39,920 --> 00:30:44,360
Speaker 1: branch leading to and diverging into both snakes and lizards,

490
00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:47,160
Speaker 1: and then there's the most awesome branch of all, the

491
00:30:47,160 --> 00:30:53,080
Speaker 1: one that leads to arcosaurs, which split into crocodiles and dinosaurs,

492
00:30:53,120 --> 00:30:57,600
Speaker 1: and those dinosaurs became birds. So when people talk about

493
00:30:57,720 --> 00:31:01,600
Speaker 1: birds or dinosaurs being reptiles, really they mean they both

494
00:31:01,640 --> 00:31:06,960
Speaker 1: descended from early reptile ancestors, but honestly, so did us mammals,

495
00:31:06,960 --> 00:31:10,520
Speaker 1: so maybe it's a bit of a strange categorization. Birds

496
00:31:10,600 --> 00:31:14,640
Speaker 1: today are most closely related to crocodiles, who were cousins

497
00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:17,560
Speaker 1: both to ye oldie dinosaurs and to our modern day

498
00:31:17,600 --> 00:31:22,160
Speaker 1: dinosaur birdies. Does any of this sound confusing, don't feel bad.

499
00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:26,520
Speaker 1: It's really difficult to untangle the evolutionary tree, and researchers

500
00:31:26,560 --> 00:31:29,560
Speaker 1: are often finding out new discoveries that helped prune some

501
00:31:29,680 --> 00:31:32,840
Speaker 1: of these tangled branches. When we return, we're going to

502
00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:36,320
Speaker 1: take a look at some real living birds who don't

503
00:31:36,400 --> 00:31:45,240
Speaker 1: want us to forget that they're dinosaurs. So what was

504
00:31:45,320 --> 00:31:47,880
Speaker 1: the earliest bird of all time that we know of?

505
00:31:48,400 --> 00:31:52,760
Speaker 1: Almost sixty seven million years ago roamed the wonder chicken.

506
00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:56,520
Speaker 1: Wonder chicken was about the size of a seagull, had

507
00:31:56,560 --> 00:31:58,760
Speaker 1: a head like a chicken, a body like a duck,

508
00:31:59,040 --> 00:32:02,640
Speaker 1: and long legs like a shore bird. It's the oldest

509
00:32:02,680 --> 00:32:07,360
Speaker 1: fossil record that we have of birds. Unfortunately, wonder chicken

510
00:32:07,640 --> 00:32:10,720
Speaker 1: is now extinct, but we still have birds alive and

511
00:32:10,840 --> 00:32:16,000
Speaker 1: pecking today who have some really interesting characteristics that remind us, Hey,

512
00:32:16,040 --> 00:32:21,560
Speaker 1: they're dinosaurs. So, Joel, now that we know a little

513
00:32:21,560 --> 00:32:26,520
Speaker 1: bit more about the evolution of birds from sort of

514
00:32:26,560 --> 00:32:30,000
Speaker 1: the standard dinosaurs to the dinosaurs that they are now,

515
00:32:30,160 --> 00:32:34,840
Speaker 1: the bird bird dinosaurs, I want to talk about some

516
00:32:34,880 --> 00:32:40,040
Speaker 1: birds that are alive right now that remind us that

517
00:32:40,080 --> 00:32:44,280
Speaker 1: they're dinosaurs. Okay, Yes, let's hear about the terrifying birds

518
00:32:44,320 --> 00:32:48,200
Speaker 1: of today. Yes, I'm sure you're going to love this. Second.

519
00:32:48,680 --> 00:32:50,920
Speaker 1: AM going to be more prepared when I see a

520
00:32:50,960 --> 00:32:53,040
Speaker 1: horrifying bird, and I can tell people why they need

521
00:32:53,080 --> 00:32:56,560
Speaker 1: to be afraid when they're like, hal down, it's just bird. Yes.

522
00:32:57,200 --> 00:32:59,360
Speaker 1: So first I want to talk about a bird who

523
00:32:59,480 --> 00:33:03,360
Speaker 1: may not, by its appearance, remind you exactly of a dinosaur,

524
00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:07,719
Speaker 1: but it has one of the oldest fossil records of

525
00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:12,280
Speaker 1: extant which means living bird species. So this is the

526
00:33:12,440 --> 00:33:16,680
Speaker 1: sand hill crane, which is found in North American wetlands.

527
00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:20,600
Speaker 1: It's also found in northeastern Siberia, which sounds weird until

528
00:33:20,640 --> 00:33:23,200
Speaker 1: you actually look at a world map and see how

529
00:33:23,240 --> 00:33:25,720
Speaker 1: close they are, like on the globe, it's like, oh,

530
00:33:25,720 --> 00:33:29,320
Speaker 1: they're almost kissing those continents. They were probably crossing back

531
00:33:29,360 --> 00:33:36,720
Speaker 1: and forth before or or migrating over over the water potentially. Yeah. OK.

532
00:33:37,160 --> 00:33:42,200
Speaker 1: So their definite fossil record stretches back at least two

533
00:33:42,200 --> 00:33:45,960
Speaker 1: point five million years ago, which is the oldest fossil

534
00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:49,240
Speaker 1: record we have of living bird species. That doesn't mean

535
00:33:49,440 --> 00:33:53,400
Speaker 1: they are the oldest living species of birds. It just

536
00:33:53,480 --> 00:33:56,920
Speaker 1: means that they have the oldest fossil record. So that

537
00:33:57,000 --> 00:33:59,480
Speaker 1: could have something to do with, like say, their environment,

538
00:33:59,560 --> 00:34:03,160
Speaker 1: like maybe wetlands preserved fossils better and that's why we

539
00:34:03,240 --> 00:34:05,720
Speaker 1: have them. So we don't know like that they are

540
00:34:05,760 --> 00:34:08,440
Speaker 1: the oldest living species of birth, just that we have

541
00:34:08,640 --> 00:34:14,239
Speaker 1: the best records of them. There's also a ten million

542
00:34:14,360 --> 00:34:19,560
Speaker 1: year old fossil that maybe a sandhill crane, although we're

543
00:34:19,600 --> 00:34:22,040
Speaker 1: not exactly sure. There's some debate whether it's like an

544
00:34:22,080 --> 00:34:25,719
Speaker 1: older ancestral species or whether it's the sandhill crane, but

545
00:34:25,760 --> 00:34:28,560
Speaker 1: it could be. There could that which blows like we

546
00:34:28,640 --> 00:34:31,680
Speaker 1: have these birds walks strutting around that could be ten

547
00:34:31,719 --> 00:34:35,680
Speaker 1: million years old, which is a lot to think about

548
00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:40,160
Speaker 1: and maybe wouldn't have changed that much. It looks like, wow,

549
00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:42,160
Speaker 1: this is cool. I looked up the ten million year

550
00:34:42,200 --> 00:34:45,160
Speaker 1: old fossil because they wanted to see it. That is

551
00:34:45,239 --> 00:34:49,840
Speaker 1: so cool. It's like fossils are wild because obviously bones

552
00:34:49,920 --> 00:34:52,880
Speaker 1: shift as they're being compressed, and so it's not always

553
00:34:52,920 --> 00:34:57,760
Speaker 1: like a perfect outline. This guy's feet are kind of jinkie.

554
00:34:57,760 --> 00:34:59,960
Speaker 1: They seem to be like placed one over the other,

555
00:35:00,080 --> 00:35:02,560
Speaker 1: but you can see it. He was doing a cool

556
00:35:02,920 --> 00:35:05,520
Speaker 1: dance move when he died. It's like, I'm going to

557
00:35:05,560 --> 00:35:13,160
Speaker 1: be immortal, mortal through depths. But you can definitely see

558
00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:17,359
Speaker 1: like the crane like structure, and that's the crazy part. Yeah,

559
00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:20,839
Speaker 1: what's interesting. So I'm gonna put on my conspiracy hat

560
00:35:20,880 --> 00:35:25,239
Speaker 1: a little bit here. Get get it on, Get on

561
00:35:25,280 --> 00:35:29,759
Speaker 1: that tinfoil. The Sandhill crane is the prime candidate for

562
00:35:29,840 --> 00:35:34,719
Speaker 1: who the Mothman sightings might be. So, uh, you know

563
00:35:34,920 --> 00:35:38,680
Speaker 1: Mothman and that whole thing in North America where people

564
00:35:38,760 --> 00:35:42,120
Speaker 1: see Mothman and he's well, he's a Mothman. He's a

565
00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:44,600
Speaker 1: man who looks like he's like half moth or something,

566
00:35:45,120 --> 00:35:50,399
Speaker 1: and he's the sightings that they report of having these

567
00:35:50,480 --> 00:35:54,040
Speaker 1: red eyes and like this weird body and being really

568
00:35:54,200 --> 00:35:58,440
Speaker 1: tall and lanky. It's thought that it's probably maybe We

569
00:35:58,440 --> 00:36:01,200
Speaker 1: actually talked about this in an earlier episode that I

570
00:36:01,239 --> 00:36:04,399
Speaker 1: did with the Nightcall Ladies. It could be that it's

571
00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:08,480
Speaker 1: these sandhill cranes that in their heads they have this

572
00:36:08,600 --> 00:36:11,160
Speaker 1: red coloration on top of their heads, so they look

573
00:36:11,239 --> 00:36:14,240
Speaker 1: like you know how you imagine a crane or stork

574
00:36:14,280 --> 00:36:17,040
Speaker 1: to look, but then they have these this like red coloration.

575
00:36:17,080 --> 00:36:18,879
Speaker 1: So people who are like, oh, the mothman, he has

576
00:36:18,880 --> 00:36:21,840
Speaker 1: these big red eyes. If you imagine like a hunched

577
00:36:21,880 --> 00:36:25,399
Speaker 1: over crane where its neck isn't sticking out and it's

578
00:36:25,400 --> 00:36:29,040
Speaker 1: like standing kind of upright, it could look very human like, yeah,

579
00:36:29,080 --> 00:36:32,040
Speaker 1: because it's got that those bulky wings which can easily

580
00:36:32,120 --> 00:36:35,279
Speaker 1: be shoulders. If you're seeing it in like silhouette form,

581
00:36:35,320 --> 00:36:38,080
Speaker 1: it's late night. I got a lot of the Mothman

582
00:36:38,560 --> 00:36:42,080
Speaker 1: stuff on the bridge on a bridge in Jersey. Uh

583
00:36:42,120 --> 00:36:44,359
Speaker 1: So if he was just chilling on like a guard rail,

584
00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:46,839
Speaker 1: you can see that he's like, what is this thing

585
00:36:46,840 --> 00:36:50,600
Speaker 1: with youant red eyes looking at me? Darkness right. The

586
00:36:50,800 --> 00:36:54,120
Speaker 1: sort of scientific explanation is that the sandhill crane, it's

587
00:36:54,200 --> 00:36:56,840
Speaker 1: bigger than you would necessarily expect a bird to be,

588
00:36:57,040 --> 00:36:59,000
Speaker 1: and if one of them kind of strayed from its

589
00:36:59,040 --> 00:37:02,280
Speaker 1: normal migratory path and you're not used to sing sandhill

590
00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:04,520
Speaker 1: cranes and you see this bird, but its neck is

591
00:37:04,560 --> 00:37:06,480
Speaker 1: kind of tucked in and its wings are out, and

592
00:37:06,480 --> 00:37:09,560
Speaker 1: it looks like it has these big red eyes. You'd

593
00:37:09,600 --> 00:37:12,239
Speaker 1: be like, oh, it's a mothman and we have to go.

594
00:37:14,360 --> 00:37:17,919
Speaker 1: Or here's here's the conspiracy time. This is a ten

595
00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:22,520
Speaker 1: million year old beast that's behind everything. Oh my god,

596
00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:29,239
Speaker 1: it's the Illuminati. Okay, it's coming for you and your children, yourself.

597
00:37:29,800 --> 00:37:33,239
Speaker 1: Other mothman mythology is like, oh, mothman always shows up

598
00:37:33,280 --> 00:37:36,399
Speaker 1: before disaster. Oh well, this is ten million years old.

599
00:37:36,640 --> 00:37:39,360
Speaker 1: It was behind like everything. This is what led to

600
00:37:39,360 --> 00:37:43,719
Speaker 1: global warm Pompeii. Everything global warming is because of this

601
00:37:44,120 --> 00:37:47,520
Speaker 1: global warming. Yep, yep. The one people who could stop him.

602
00:37:47,560 --> 00:37:51,920
Speaker 1: Humans are gonna die. Oh my gosh. But if you

603
00:37:52,000 --> 00:37:56,080
Speaker 1: want to see the dinosaur in birds, all you have

604
00:37:56,200 --> 00:38:00,239
Speaker 1: to do is look at baby birds of a lot

605
00:38:00,239 --> 00:38:03,560
Speaker 1: of different bird species and you can see. You're like, oh, yeah,

606
00:38:03,560 --> 00:38:07,719
Speaker 1: they're dinosaurs, right. Why didn't we see this earlier? So

607
00:38:08,600 --> 00:38:13,520
Speaker 1: probably because baby birds and fledglings have less developed feathers,

608
00:38:13,560 --> 00:38:16,239
Speaker 1: so like they're not puffy and you can see their

609
00:38:16,280 --> 00:38:20,480
Speaker 1: skin and stuff. It's like with our illustrations of dinosaurs

610
00:38:20,600 --> 00:38:23,120
Speaker 1: and our popular idea of what they look like. They're

611
00:38:23,200 --> 00:38:25,520
Speaker 1: kind of shrink wrapped where we like all right, even

612
00:38:25,600 --> 00:38:27,839
Speaker 1: if they had feathers that was maybe just a few

613
00:38:27,840 --> 00:38:29,920
Speaker 1: of them. We don't think of them as being puffy

614
00:38:30,239 --> 00:38:33,759
Speaker 1: and like filled out like a bird is, although they

615
00:38:33,800 --> 00:38:35,680
Speaker 1: could have been. They could have had more feathers and

616
00:38:35,719 --> 00:38:38,560
Speaker 1: been more fluffy, which I think is adorable. But when

617
00:38:38,600 --> 00:38:41,759
Speaker 1: you look at a baby bird, they look like dinosaurs,

618
00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:47,160
Speaker 1: especially species like blue herons. So if you dare take

619
00:38:47,160 --> 00:38:50,000
Speaker 1: a look at that picture of that baby blue heron,

620
00:38:50,360 --> 00:38:54,240
Speaker 1: I think, listen, it's cute. I can't deny it. It's

621
00:38:54,560 --> 00:38:57,880
Speaker 1: super cute. It's got a very long neck, and it

622
00:38:57,920 --> 00:39:02,480
Speaker 1: looks like it's making this sound. It's like a cry slash,

623
00:39:02,680 --> 00:39:07,160
Speaker 1: like primal scream. It is like it's a little feathers.

624
00:39:07,239 --> 00:39:10,040
Speaker 1: It's cute. It is cute, But it looks like a

625
00:39:10,040 --> 00:39:14,920
Speaker 1: little dinosaur, right, totally, absolutely, it's a d little dinosaur,

626
00:39:15,200 --> 00:39:17,560
Speaker 1: I mean that is what it is. But so these

627
00:39:17,600 --> 00:39:21,640
Speaker 1: are found in North American wet lambs. They eat fish,

628
00:39:21,880 --> 00:39:24,239
Speaker 1: and you know, if you live in North America, you

629
00:39:24,280 --> 00:39:26,399
Speaker 1: may have seen an adult blue hair and they're those

630
00:39:26,520 --> 00:39:29,760
Speaker 1: very elegant birds with the long necks and long beaks.

631
00:39:29,800 --> 00:39:33,480
Speaker 1: They have that like one little frond of black feather

632
00:39:33,600 --> 00:39:36,360
Speaker 1: coming off of their heads. But and so when you

633
00:39:36,400 --> 00:39:39,480
Speaker 1: look at that, it's you know, kind of elegant, and

634
00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:41,799
Speaker 1: so you think it doesn't you know, it doesn't look

635
00:39:41,840 --> 00:39:44,600
Speaker 1: super like a dinosaur like again, it's all filled out

636
00:39:44,600 --> 00:39:48,640
Speaker 1: with feathers. They look like a more refined pelican that Hellicanuh,

637
00:39:49,160 --> 00:39:50,759
Speaker 1: is that the pink one? What's the pink one? Lam

638
00:39:51,280 --> 00:39:54,800
Speaker 1: the kind of flamingo like. They're very long and tall

639
00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:58,680
Speaker 1: and they see a leg. Yeah, totally, but not all

640
00:39:58,760 --> 00:40:02,520
Speaker 1: dinosaur like. But their baby, they're so squat And is

641
00:40:02,560 --> 00:40:05,000
Speaker 1: this this little black and white guy one of those

642
00:40:05,120 --> 00:40:09,000
Speaker 1: two that is Actually this is so cute to me,

643
00:40:09,360 --> 00:40:13,239
Speaker 1: But this is a baby Southern ground hornbill found in

644
00:40:13,320 --> 00:40:17,359
Speaker 1: Southern Africa, so in Kenya and South Africa, And it

645
00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:21,279
Speaker 1: looks like a little dinosaur alien to me. It looks,

646
00:40:21,600 --> 00:40:24,320
Speaker 1: you know, for some reason, it's giving me Lelo and

647
00:40:24,440 --> 00:40:27,160
Speaker 1: Stitch vibes. I know, it doesn't really it doesn't look

648
00:40:27,160 --> 00:40:31,000
Speaker 1: like Stitch himself, but it looks like artwork that would

649
00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:34,080
Speaker 1: have come from that movie. It has the attitude of Stitch.

650
00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:37,799
Speaker 1: One leg popped out, head cocked to the side. This

651
00:40:37,840 --> 00:40:40,840
Speaker 1: bird is giving you sass. It's not taking your bs

652
00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:44,560
Speaker 1: armacambo arm on hip or little wing on him, and

653
00:40:44,840 --> 00:40:47,839
Speaker 1: it is just like, yeah, I'm a dinosaur. What about it?

654
00:40:47,960 --> 00:40:51,720
Speaker 1: You are going to listen to and respect this baby bird. Okay,

655
00:40:52,120 --> 00:40:55,279
Speaker 1: she's got it going on. I love this, horrifies me.

656
00:40:55,480 --> 00:40:58,640
Speaker 1: It's suff of nightmares, but also cute, you know, winning

657
00:40:58,680 --> 00:41:01,600
Speaker 1: me over. I see what your game is now. This

658
00:41:01,600 --> 00:41:04,320
Speaker 1: this is the thing. I think. Instead of telling you

659
00:41:04,320 --> 00:41:07,359
Speaker 1: you should not be afraid of birds, they're not scary,

660
00:41:07,440 --> 00:41:11,640
Speaker 1: I should be saying, yes, they're scary. That's what's so

661
00:41:11,680 --> 00:41:16,560
Speaker 1: cool about them. They are terrifying little dinosaurs and adorable

662
00:41:16,760 --> 00:41:19,840
Speaker 1: and yes, if they could kill us all, they probably would.

663
00:41:20,080 --> 00:41:23,960
Speaker 1: But the fact that they don't adorable, I see the appeal.

664
00:41:24,600 --> 00:41:31,120
Speaker 1: They're very charming. So the adult ground hornbill very different. No,

665
00:41:31,880 --> 00:41:36,360
Speaker 1: that's when I filled out with feathers. It's jet black,

666
00:41:36,600 --> 00:41:40,040
Speaker 1: it's got a long beak, and it's I imagine the

667
00:41:40,120 --> 00:41:43,520
Speaker 1: part that you're not super into is that red kind

668
00:41:43,560 --> 00:41:48,920
Speaker 1: of gold or pouch wattle. Swallowed a heart and half

669
00:41:48,920 --> 00:41:51,960
Speaker 1: of it fell out, and it's still beating in its

670
00:41:52,040 --> 00:41:55,600
Speaker 1: throat and maybe the heart like the ventricles from the

671
00:41:55,719 --> 00:42:00,600
Speaker 1: heart to wrap up around his eye, and they're much

672
00:42:00,680 --> 00:42:03,760
Speaker 1: something out of a Mary Shelley book. I can't actually

673
00:42:03,840 --> 00:42:06,160
Speaker 1: argue with that. And they can live to be up

674
00:42:06,160 --> 00:42:10,520
Speaker 1: to sixty years old and well up to two ft tall. Well,

675
00:42:10,560 --> 00:42:12,560
Speaker 1: if it's only two be tall, I can kick it,

676
00:42:12,760 --> 00:42:16,480
Speaker 1: so that's good. I wouldn't. I don't like to harm animals.

677
00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:18,600
Speaker 1: I wouldn't kick it. But if I felt it was

678
00:42:18,640 --> 00:42:24,120
Speaker 1: attacking me, you could. It's it's hypothetically possible your morals

679
00:42:24,160 --> 00:42:27,200
Speaker 1: hold you back, but knowing that you could brings you

680
00:42:27,239 --> 00:42:30,359
Speaker 1: some comfort. I understand that. I like to call these

681
00:42:30,360 --> 00:42:36,839
Speaker 1: guys swoll Zazoo because they are hornbills. This does look

682
00:42:36,880 --> 00:42:40,560
Speaker 1: like Zazi's older, much more like Tuck. Zassi thinks he's

683
00:42:40,600 --> 00:42:42,640
Speaker 1: everything because he's got like access to the palace, and

684
00:42:42,640 --> 00:42:44,560
Speaker 1: this guy is like, okay, well I run the streets,

685
00:42:44,560 --> 00:42:46,520
Speaker 1: so what are we doing? Really? Yeah, he's just like

686
00:42:46,560 --> 00:42:49,319
Speaker 1: he shows He's like Zazo's cousin who shows up and

687
00:42:49,360 --> 00:42:53,000
Speaker 1: he's like, what's up. I've got like a bunch of beer,

688
00:42:53,080 --> 00:42:55,680
Speaker 1: bunch of bruskies. We're gonna put the game on. It's

689
00:42:55,719 --> 00:42:59,839
Speaker 1: a very come at me bro bird, I think, And

690
00:43:00,160 --> 00:43:02,320
Speaker 1: it's it's great. It'd be like, it'd be a great

691
00:43:02,400 --> 00:43:05,480
Speaker 1: foil for Zazo who's very like, Oh I'm an efficient

692
00:43:05,560 --> 00:43:09,239
Speaker 1: little right. That's not really Zozie's voice, is it? No,

693
00:43:09,560 --> 00:43:12,759
Speaker 1: that at all. He's got to you know, I'm here

694
00:43:12,800 --> 00:43:19,719
Speaker 1: to shave from lay on High, isn't it. Im I'm

695
00:43:19,719 --> 00:43:23,839
Speaker 1: going to save the Kingdom on I I like, uh,

696
00:43:24,200 --> 00:43:29,360
Speaker 1: not John Stewart, but the other John British, John Oliver

697
00:43:29,560 --> 00:43:34,279
Speaker 1: does the British. Yeah, he dosas his voice on the

698
00:43:34,320 --> 00:43:39,440
Speaker 1: Lion King live action movie, and uh, it's it's pretty special.

699
00:43:39,800 --> 00:43:42,560
Speaker 1: It's one of my favorite performances from the live action

700
00:43:42,680 --> 00:43:47,200
Speaker 1: movie because he's he really channels his inner brit It's

701
00:43:47,200 --> 00:43:51,239
Speaker 1: pretty special. Yes, But then this is like, I don't know,

702
00:43:51,320 --> 00:43:54,040
Speaker 1: I don't know what what what's like the swoll British Like,

703
00:43:54,560 --> 00:43:59,200
Speaker 1: I don't know anything from a Guy Ritchie movie you need.

704
00:43:59,600 --> 00:44:04,000
Speaker 1: This is a Guy Ritchie version of Zas. We did it.

705
00:44:04,280 --> 00:44:06,239
Speaker 1: We solved it. Yeah, we did it. We did it.

706
00:44:06,560 --> 00:44:08,920
Speaker 1: We got there. It took a while, but we got there.

707
00:44:11,160 --> 00:44:15,040
Speaker 1: So these these hornbills can fly, but they mostly hunt

708
00:44:15,080 --> 00:44:19,120
Speaker 1: on the ground and their carnivores, so you know, on

709
00:44:19,320 --> 00:44:22,600
Speaker 1: the ground where you live and walk Okay, I'm just

710
00:44:22,640 --> 00:44:24,960
Speaker 1: saying they could be up in the sky and finding

711
00:44:24,960 --> 00:44:31,319
Speaker 1: other sky demons, but no on turf. Yes, rude. So

712
00:44:31,560 --> 00:44:34,280
Speaker 1: now I want to talk about a bird who looks

713
00:44:34,440 --> 00:44:38,480
Speaker 1: like it came out of a Jurassic Park movie slash

714
00:44:38,600 --> 00:44:43,680
Speaker 1: science fiction slash fantasy movie. And it's called a Watson.

715
00:44:44,560 --> 00:44:48,560
Speaker 1: Get us scrolled down a little bit, closing my center yourself,

716
00:44:48,880 --> 00:44:54,440
Speaker 1: take a deep breath. Okay, you guys, you need to know.

717
00:44:54,719 --> 00:44:59,840
Speaker 1: It has red eyes and orange mohawk and bright red wings,

718
00:45:00,040 --> 00:45:03,000
Speaker 1: but like black and yellow tail feathers, which, to me

719
00:45:03,640 --> 00:45:08,720
Speaker 1: um a casual purveyor of nature, says danger and warning. Okay,

720
00:45:08,840 --> 00:45:10,960
Speaker 1: we get black and yellows and reds like this that's

721
00:45:11,000 --> 00:45:14,480
Speaker 1: like I'm poisonous. Don't eat me. I will destroy you.

722
00:45:16,800 --> 00:45:20,440
Speaker 1: Also has like weird highlight feathers on its neck that

723
00:45:20,480 --> 00:45:23,480
Speaker 1: make it look very angry. I'm not messed with it.

724
00:45:23,480 --> 00:45:25,799
Speaker 1: It's got it's got a bit of the speak to

725
00:45:25,840 --> 00:45:29,160
Speaker 1: the manager hair, because I was gonna say it has

726
00:45:29,200 --> 00:45:32,360
Speaker 1: a care and hair, got a car and hair. And

727
00:45:32,520 --> 00:45:34,759
Speaker 1: this this image that you provided with its head cock

728
00:45:34,880 --> 00:45:37,840
Speaker 1: to the side, absolutely says I need to speak with someone.

729
00:45:38,080 --> 00:45:41,200
Speaker 1: I need to speak to your manager. Like right now,

730
00:45:42,200 --> 00:45:44,680
Speaker 1: which did not come fast enough. And I am a

731
00:45:44,840 --> 00:45:48,960
Speaker 1: living I had some of your leaves on this tree,

732
00:45:49,120 --> 00:45:52,560
Speaker 1: and I gotta tell you, the service on this tree

733
00:45:52,680 --> 00:45:56,000
Speaker 1: has been really, really bad. And she would get that

734
00:45:56,040 --> 00:45:58,960
Speaker 1: every fund too, because look at her. I'm just giving

735
00:45:59,040 --> 00:46:01,080
Speaker 1: your money back. Please don't be mad at me anymore.

736
00:46:01,400 --> 00:46:05,720
Speaker 1: I want my money back. These are These are Karen birds.

737
00:46:06,040 --> 00:46:08,759
Speaker 1: You know these? Uh So they're about the size of

738
00:46:08,800 --> 00:46:11,719
Speaker 1: a chicken. They you did a very good job of

739
00:46:11,719 --> 00:46:15,480
Speaker 1: describing it. But yeah. It has these like brownish black

740
00:46:15,520 --> 00:46:18,719
Speaker 1: feathers on their back and tail feathers which they kind

741
00:46:18,719 --> 00:46:22,719
Speaker 1: of have like an oil slick sheen when in the light. Uh.

742
00:46:22,760 --> 00:46:26,160
Speaker 1: They're tipped in a yellowish gold. Uh. The front part

743
00:46:26,239 --> 00:46:30,360
Speaker 1: of their wings have these dark burgundy feathers. Their bellies

744
00:46:30,400 --> 00:46:33,400
Speaker 1: are gold. The flesh around their cheeks and eyes is

745
00:46:33,520 --> 00:46:38,160
Speaker 1: bright blue. Uh. They have a mohawk crest of yellow

746
00:46:38,239 --> 00:46:41,560
Speaker 1: and black feathers. The care and haircut a little bit

747
00:46:41,880 --> 00:46:45,320
Speaker 1: and then a sort of like black hawk like beak,

748
00:46:45,560 --> 00:46:49,279
Speaker 1: and their eyes are crimson red. So a little a

749
00:46:49,320 --> 00:46:54,000
Speaker 1: little you know, interesting looking, a little scary. Maybe. I

750
00:46:54,000 --> 00:46:59,359
Speaker 1: think I call it the nightmares. I think they're kind

751
00:46:59,360 --> 00:47:03,440
Speaker 1: of pretty though they look like a cyberpunk turkey to

752
00:47:03,520 --> 00:47:10,279
Speaker 1: me a little bit, it does. I was not this

753
00:47:10,440 --> 00:47:13,279
Speaker 1: making cyberpunk turkey, but you look at this thing in

754
00:47:13,320 --> 00:47:17,600
Speaker 1: the face, it does look like tattoos. Like sidekick bird. Okay,

755
00:47:17,680 --> 00:47:20,840
Speaker 1: if the Terminator came back and needed an animal sidekick,

756
00:47:20,920 --> 00:47:22,680
Speaker 1: it would be this guy and he would pick out

757
00:47:22,680 --> 00:47:26,560
Speaker 1: your eyes. I need your clothes, and I need a

758
00:47:26,600 --> 00:47:32,920
Speaker 1: couple of bone for my bird. I love it. So

759
00:47:32,960 --> 00:47:37,439
Speaker 1: they are found in the Amazon rainforest. Now here's the thing.

760
00:47:38,080 --> 00:47:43,120
Speaker 1: These are really interesting birds in that they kind of

761
00:47:43,239 --> 00:47:47,680
Speaker 1: show us like this transition from dinosaurs to birds. Now,

762
00:47:47,719 --> 00:47:51,440
Speaker 1: this doesn't mean that these are the transitional birds. We

763
00:47:51,480 --> 00:47:55,719
Speaker 1: don't know that. They're probably have like pretty old species,

764
00:47:55,760 --> 00:47:58,279
Speaker 1: but there could have been many species before them that

765
00:47:58,360 --> 00:48:01,880
Speaker 1: were more transitional. But here here's where it gets weird.

766
00:48:01,960 --> 00:48:04,600
Speaker 1: Is that their chicks. Remember how we were talking about

767
00:48:04,640 --> 00:48:09,200
Speaker 1: the claws on the archaeopterics. It's chicks have claws on

768
00:48:09,239 --> 00:48:14,160
Speaker 1: their wings, like little tiny claws, kind of like it

769
00:48:14,200 --> 00:48:17,960
Speaker 1: could either be a vestige of dinosaur claws or a

770
00:48:18,040 --> 00:48:22,400
Speaker 1: new adaptation that like came back like they didn't have

771
00:48:22,480 --> 00:48:25,640
Speaker 1: claws and then they re evolved claws. We don't really

772
00:48:25,680 --> 00:48:29,920
Speaker 1: know necessarily, but these claws allow them to climb trees

773
00:48:30,440 --> 00:48:34,680
Speaker 1: before they're capable of flight, and the claws go away

774
00:48:34,680 --> 00:48:38,799
Speaker 1: by adulthood, so it's basically to protect these little you're

775
00:48:39,000 --> 00:48:43,400
Speaker 1: shaking your head, but listen. At first, I was like, Okay,

776
00:48:43,600 --> 00:48:45,920
Speaker 1: maybe it's the baby birds that I love, Like, maybe

777
00:48:46,040 --> 00:48:48,480
Speaker 1: just their adult selves are scary and I need to

778
00:48:48,520 --> 00:48:51,359
Speaker 1: focus my energy on loving baby birds. And doesn't love

779
00:48:51,360 --> 00:48:53,440
Speaker 1: a baby But now here they have claws and they

780
00:48:53,440 --> 00:48:55,480
Speaker 1: can try and trees with those claws before they can

781
00:48:55,560 --> 00:48:59,520
Speaker 1: learn to fly. With just the Watson babies, that might

782
00:48:59,600 --> 00:49:01,800
Speaker 1: be in a to turn me off all the bird babies.

783
00:49:01,840 --> 00:49:05,080
Speaker 1: I know it's perpetudice, but I don't know how to

784
00:49:05,160 --> 00:49:09,799
Speaker 1: trust in now hashtag not all bird babies. But yeah,

785
00:49:09,880 --> 00:49:13,000
Speaker 1: so these are for defense. So if the chicks are

786
00:49:13,000 --> 00:49:16,120
Speaker 1: attacked by predators, they can drop out of the tree

787
00:49:16,200 --> 00:49:19,759
Speaker 1: into water, swim to shore, and then climb back up

788
00:49:19,800 --> 00:49:24,000
Speaker 1: their trees. So they're not using these clauses weapons. They're

789
00:49:24,080 --> 00:49:27,680
Speaker 1: using them for defense. It is super cool. It's weirdly

790
00:49:27,880 --> 00:49:32,120
Speaker 1: very cool. I maybe went over again. Damn it, you're

791
00:49:32,160 --> 00:49:35,320
Speaker 1: really getting me here today, Katie. It's tough because I

792
00:49:35,400 --> 00:49:38,640
Speaker 1: like I like the idea of doing the pocahonas dive

793
00:49:38,719 --> 00:49:43,160
Speaker 1: into waters with a giant waterfall behind them. Uh, it

794
00:49:43,200 --> 00:49:47,440
Speaker 1: gives off a magic and majestical feel. That's they're from

795
00:49:47,440 --> 00:49:50,600
Speaker 1: the sun. That's like little bit dumpy baby bird going

796
00:49:50,680 --> 00:49:54,920
Speaker 1: like it's probably listen, they're having fun. That's their version

797
00:49:54,920 --> 00:49:57,839
Speaker 1: of summer camp. We get it too. Now, these guys

798
00:49:57,880 --> 00:50:00,279
Speaker 1: are from the land where they have like the really

799
00:50:00,360 --> 00:50:03,719
Speaker 1: giant birds. Right, they're extinct now, but it was like

800
00:50:03,760 --> 00:50:06,239
Speaker 1: a mesa that like rose above and like there was

801
00:50:06,280 --> 00:50:09,600
Speaker 1: some more. Are you to understand all I'm talking about? Well,

802
00:50:09,640 --> 00:50:13,120
Speaker 1: there there were um like the terror birds, like the

803
00:50:13,239 --> 00:50:17,160
Speaker 1: land dwelling ones or the big what's it called. Um

804
00:50:17,239 --> 00:50:19,279
Speaker 1: there's the one, there's the ones that could fly, and

805
00:50:19,280 --> 00:50:23,080
Speaker 1: then there's the giant terror birds that lived on the ground. Yeah, no,

806
00:50:23,160 --> 00:50:26,160
Speaker 1: the ones that could fly. The terror birds were the

807
00:50:26,160 --> 00:50:34,359
Speaker 1: one on the ground. Our gentivis magnificence. Magnificence. Lord, Now

808
00:50:34,440 --> 00:50:36,759
Speaker 1: that is a big guy. This is the stuff that

809
00:50:36,800 --> 00:50:41,320
Speaker 1: haunts my nightmares that I can't oh my oh lord.

810
00:50:41,360 --> 00:50:44,959
Speaker 1: I'm like they okay, guys, imagine like you know how

811
00:50:45,160 --> 00:50:48,160
Speaker 1: um vultures are sort of like especially when we think

812
00:50:48,160 --> 00:50:50,440
Speaker 1: of them from our like animated cartoons things. They're like

813
00:50:50,560 --> 00:50:54,320
Speaker 1: thin and like creepy and they've got like little hunchbacks

814
00:50:54,320 --> 00:50:56,320
Speaker 1: and they you know, they don't have this voice, but

815
00:50:56,360 --> 00:50:58,759
Speaker 1: that's the voice that I imagine in my head. These

816
00:50:58,760 --> 00:51:03,080
Speaker 1: guys are like very thick, like huge, much larger but

817
00:51:03,160 --> 00:51:07,400
Speaker 1: with that scene creepy lunch back thing, and I can't

818
00:51:07,560 --> 00:51:10,880
Speaker 1: They're like a like a much more swoll California condor.

819
00:51:11,960 --> 00:51:15,080
Speaker 1: It's enough for me. I don't like them, but I

820
00:51:15,080 --> 00:51:17,319
Speaker 1: think they're they're cool, Like their history is cool because

821
00:51:17,320 --> 00:51:21,360
Speaker 1: they like magically because of how the tectonic plates shifted,

822
00:51:21,360 --> 00:51:23,480
Speaker 1: they were like higher above than what got knocked down.

823
00:51:23,480 --> 00:51:25,359
Speaker 1: They were like, we're pretty good up here, and they

824
00:51:25,400 --> 00:51:28,160
Speaker 1: lasted to like we're going up here. Yeah, And they

825
00:51:28,200 --> 00:51:31,560
Speaker 1: had like they were a huge they like had a

826
00:51:31,680 --> 00:51:35,640
Speaker 1: wingspan of like twenty feet or something. It much larger

827
00:51:35,719 --> 00:51:40,080
Speaker 1: than a man. It's it's upsetting, Yeah, it was. Yeah,

828
00:51:40,120 --> 00:51:44,440
Speaker 1: they were serious birds. These ones, in comparison, are just

829
00:51:44,560 --> 00:51:48,319
Speaker 1: the size of chickens, so they're not not quite as

830
00:51:48,360 --> 00:51:50,759
Speaker 1: intimidating in terms like they have to make up for

831
00:51:50,840 --> 00:51:53,719
Speaker 1: it in terms of their styling, not their size. But

832
00:51:54,160 --> 00:51:57,719
Speaker 1: these are actually the last surviving member of the genus

833
00:51:58,239 --> 00:52:03,320
Speaker 1: up as Thokamus, which and it's not exactly clear where

834
00:52:03,360 --> 00:52:07,080
Speaker 1: they fit on the bird clade tree, but they may

835
00:52:07,120 --> 00:52:10,480
Speaker 1: have been their own branch of early birds from around

836
00:52:10,480 --> 00:52:13,840
Speaker 1: the time that dinosaurs went extinct and birds were starting

837
00:52:13,840 --> 00:52:16,320
Speaker 1: to evolve. So like you know, you have birds evolving

838
00:52:16,360 --> 00:52:18,319
Speaker 1: and then this is like a could be like a

839
00:52:18,440 --> 00:52:23,600
Speaker 1: really early early bird. Okay, all right, so he definitely

840
00:52:23,640 --> 00:52:28,480
Speaker 1: got the worm. He he was all set. They're actually herbivores.

841
00:52:28,800 --> 00:52:35,400
Speaker 1: They eat vegetation exclusively and they actually so this is crazy,

842
00:52:35,600 --> 00:52:38,680
Speaker 1: but they have a crop. So that's like part of

843
00:52:38,719 --> 00:52:43,120
Speaker 1: the bird digestive system that works similar to the guts

844
00:52:43,280 --> 00:52:48,160
Speaker 1: of ruminants. So ruminants are cows, goats, sheep, deer, et cetera.

845
00:52:48,680 --> 00:52:52,719
Speaker 1: That where they will ferment vegetation in a special part

846
00:52:52,760 --> 00:52:56,720
Speaker 1: of their digestive system called the ruman But these birds,

847
00:52:57,040 --> 00:52:59,239
Speaker 1: they aren't mammals. They don't have a room, and but

848
00:52:59,320 --> 00:53:02,759
Speaker 1: they have a rop where they keep this vegetation and

849
00:53:02,880 --> 00:53:06,960
Speaker 1: it is also fermented for easier digestion. So they are

850
00:53:07,000 --> 00:53:13,160
Speaker 1: also called uh, they're called flying cows. Sometimes they're also

851
00:53:13,239 --> 00:53:17,600
Speaker 1: called skunk bird or stink bird because the fermenting leaves

852
00:53:17,719 --> 00:53:22,239
Speaker 1: actually create a foul odor. But yeah, they're basically flying cows.

853
00:53:22,960 --> 00:53:25,640
Speaker 1: I love that they're not flying cows, but I imagine

854
00:53:25,719 --> 00:53:30,720
Speaker 1: they're slightly tipsy cows. All this fermentation going on within them.

855
00:53:30,800 --> 00:53:37,680
Speaker 1: Maybe they're Okay, we have to climb this waterfall and

856
00:53:37,719 --> 00:53:43,720
Speaker 1: get back to our diving spot. Damn it, Oh my gosh,

857
00:53:43,719 --> 00:53:47,719
Speaker 1: these birds are very fancy and very disruptive. Yes, yes,

858
00:53:47,840 --> 00:53:52,520
Speaker 1: they're they're the drunk Karens, the drunk flying vegetarian Karens

859
00:53:52,560 --> 00:54:01,560
Speaker 1: of the world. That's great. Different bird species have all

860
00:54:01,600 --> 00:54:05,279
Speaker 1: sorts of different eating habits. There's the flying cow or

861
00:54:05,440 --> 00:54:10,080
Speaker 1: before we just talked about. There are insectivores, carnivores, frugivores

862
00:54:10,320 --> 00:54:15,000
Speaker 1: who eat fruit, granivores carnivores did I mention carnivores already?

863
00:54:15,320 --> 00:54:19,640
Speaker 1: And omnivores. There are birds who are scavengers, birds who

864
00:54:19,640 --> 00:54:22,880
Speaker 1: eat other birds, birds who eat bones. I'm looking at you,

865
00:54:22,920 --> 00:54:26,200
Speaker 1: bearded vultures. If there's something edible on this earth, there's

866
00:54:26,239 --> 00:54:28,759
Speaker 1: probably a bird who can eat it. They'll even eat

867
00:54:28,840 --> 00:54:31,560
Speaker 1: small rocks and grit to help them with their digestion.

868
00:54:32,000 --> 00:54:34,400
Speaker 1: So let's all be thankful. We can't fit inside a

869
00:54:34,440 --> 00:54:37,560
Speaker 1: bird's beak. When we return, we'll talk about a couple

870
00:54:37,600 --> 00:54:40,840
Speaker 1: of birds that make us question how they could possibly

871
00:54:40,880 --> 00:54:50,800
Speaker 1: be dinosaurs. They're way too cute. Paleontologists, paleobiologists, and paleo

872
00:54:50,960 --> 00:54:55,640
Speaker 1: artists try their best to reconstruct what extinct dinosaurs looked

873
00:54:55,680 --> 00:54:59,440
Speaker 1: like based on fossil evidence, but we don't know exactly

874
00:54:59,480 --> 00:55:02,560
Speaker 1: what dinosaur ors look like. They were probably much different

875
00:55:02,600 --> 00:55:06,440
Speaker 1: from the depictions they received in Jurassic Park. First of all,

876
00:55:06,520 --> 00:55:09,680
Speaker 1: it's hard to know exactly how their flesh was filled out,

877
00:55:10,000 --> 00:55:13,239
Speaker 1: or they wire in scaly brown and green, or were

878
00:55:13,280 --> 00:55:17,680
Speaker 1: they brightly colored with vibrant, fluffy feathers. As we make

879
00:55:17,719 --> 00:55:21,000
Speaker 1: more discoveries and become more sophisticated with our ability to

880
00:55:21,080 --> 00:55:24,720
Speaker 1: examine ancient DNA, will continue to get a closer picture

881
00:55:24,760 --> 00:55:27,799
Speaker 1: of what different species of dinosaurs may have actually looked like.

882
00:55:28,560 --> 00:55:31,640
Speaker 1: But there are a couple of living dinosaurs that we

883
00:55:31,680 --> 00:55:34,839
Speaker 1: know exactly what they look like and near a durable

884
00:55:36,320 --> 00:55:39,680
Speaker 1: So now we've talked about the evolutionary history of birds

885
00:55:39,680 --> 00:55:43,720
Speaker 1: and dinosaurs, and we've talked about some birds that remind

886
00:55:43,840 --> 00:55:46,879
Speaker 1: us that they are in fact dinosaurs. Now I want

887
00:55:46,920 --> 00:55:50,799
Speaker 1: to talk about birds that when you look at them,

888
00:55:50,840 --> 00:55:56,200
Speaker 1: You're like, how is this ever a dinosaur? An sense

889
00:55:56,239 --> 00:55:59,080
Speaker 1: I feel like I will be very soothed by these birds.

890
00:55:59,760 --> 00:56:03,120
Speaker 1: I'm wanted. I I ratchet up your anxiety and then

891
00:56:03,120 --> 00:56:05,440
Speaker 1: I bring it back down. I'm so thoughtful of you.

892
00:56:07,560 --> 00:56:09,680
Speaker 1: But yeah, So the first one I want to look

893
00:56:09,719 --> 00:56:14,280
Speaker 1: at is the Inca turn. It is a very proper

894
00:56:14,400 --> 00:56:19,160
Speaker 1: looking bird with a debonair little mustache. He literally has

895
00:56:19,280 --> 00:56:22,560
Speaker 1: the curly mustache that a villain has, but he has

896
00:56:22,600 --> 00:56:26,560
Speaker 1: the eyes of a puppy. He looked like a little

897
00:56:26,680 --> 00:56:30,480
Speaker 1: p emperor penguin kind of who is your little gentleman?

898
00:56:30,719 --> 00:56:34,560
Speaker 1: Who is your little gentleman? Yeah, he's got this little

899
00:56:34,760 --> 00:56:39,840
Speaker 1: he or she. This could also be a female mustache.

900
00:56:39,920 --> 00:56:44,200
Speaker 1: Let's let's make mustaches unisex. Honestly, but I can save

901
00:56:44,280 --> 00:56:48,920
Speaker 1: a lot of money on waxing. Let's do it, you know,

902
00:56:49,160 --> 00:56:51,520
Speaker 1: Like I sometimes I think like if I had a

903
00:56:51,560 --> 00:56:54,439
Speaker 1: handlebar mustache, I don't know, I think I could pull

904
00:56:54,440 --> 00:56:57,319
Speaker 1: it off. You could absolutely pull it off. Are you?

905
00:56:57,320 --> 00:57:03,759
Speaker 1: Thank you? Thank you? So these these little little gentlemen

906
00:57:03,800 --> 00:57:09,120
Speaker 1: and gentlewomen who live on the coasts of Chile and Peru,

907
00:57:09,520 --> 00:57:13,200
Speaker 1: they are these little puff and esque birds and like

908
00:57:13,360 --> 00:57:17,720
Speaker 1: all turns. They are seabirds, so they're about a foot

909
00:57:17,760 --> 00:57:20,640
Speaker 1: long and six ounces, so you could hold it like

910
00:57:20,680 --> 00:57:26,440
Speaker 1: a sandwich. Their bodies are slate gray or blackish gray.

911
00:57:26,880 --> 00:57:30,959
Speaker 1: Their feet are bright orange, their beaks are bright oranges red.

912
00:57:31,320 --> 00:57:34,080
Speaker 1: It looks like they have two little dabs of like

913
00:57:34,240 --> 00:57:37,360
Speaker 1: yellow makeup on their cheeks and bush were yellow, it

914
00:57:37,400 --> 00:57:41,160
Speaker 1: would be right on the apples of It's kind of

915
00:57:41,160 --> 00:57:44,680
Speaker 1: like clown makeup. Two little bright dots of yellow on

916
00:57:44,720 --> 00:57:48,880
Speaker 1: the each side of their mouths. These are these fleshy

917
00:57:48,920 --> 00:57:52,120
Speaker 1: parts of their cheeks. I think they're called gape pouches,

918
00:57:52,680 --> 00:57:55,840
Speaker 1: so they look like and then they have, of course

919
00:57:56,040 --> 00:58:00,640
Speaker 1: this like these two feathery plumes that look like candlebar

920
00:58:00,760 --> 00:58:04,240
Speaker 1: mustache coming out from either side of its beak that

921
00:58:04,360 --> 00:58:07,480
Speaker 1: are and they're white. It's just it looks like this,

922
00:58:07,560 --> 00:58:11,680
Speaker 1: like weird gentleman clown. I'm surprised Disney has not made

923
00:58:11,720 --> 00:58:14,320
Speaker 1: this a main character for one of their films yet.

924
00:58:15,440 --> 00:58:17,560
Speaker 1: It's got cute, little loved feet, so I imagine it

925
00:58:17,680 --> 00:58:22,040
Speaker 1: swims a little. Yes, yes, it does swim. Yeah. I

926
00:58:22,080 --> 00:58:23,880
Speaker 1: want to see it as much to act like ripple them.

927
00:58:23,920 --> 00:58:28,520
Speaker 1: My water probably does blows in the wind and there's

928
00:58:28,600 --> 00:58:32,080
Speaker 1: seeing sea shanties. You know, I can see it now

929
00:58:32,280 --> 00:58:37,200
Speaker 1: the movie. Now I imagine, Okay, this bird it has

930
00:58:37,280 --> 00:58:41,280
Speaker 1: to protect the coastline and make sure the fish appli

931
00:58:41,320 --> 00:58:44,120
Speaker 1: stays good for you know, all the little mama and

932
00:58:44,320 --> 00:58:48,280
Speaker 1: baby birdies back on land trying to survive. And on

933
00:58:48,480 --> 00:58:51,600
Speaker 1: his adventure, he meets a giant whale and they talk

934
00:58:51,720 --> 00:58:54,960
Speaker 1: about ancestors that brought them here and how he used

935
00:58:54,960 --> 00:58:59,400
Speaker 1: to be a dinosaurus to be a dinosaur, what were you?

936
00:58:59,840 --> 00:59:07,400
Speaker 1: A tiny horse thing? That was a tiny horse too,

937
00:59:08,040 --> 00:59:10,920
Speaker 1: that's what whales where. It's so funny, like these huge

938
00:59:10,960 --> 00:59:15,000
Speaker 1: whales used to be these tiny, like little rabbit like horses.

939
00:59:16,400 --> 00:59:21,240
Speaker 1: Yeah okay, yeah again that he travels back in time

940
00:59:21,320 --> 00:59:25,200
Speaker 1: and that becomes friends with these tiny land horse rabbit whales.

941
00:59:26,000 --> 00:59:28,800
Speaker 1: I just love the role reversal of like these huge

942
00:59:28,960 --> 00:59:33,160
Speaker 1: dinosaurs becoming these little gentleman seabirds and then like these

943
00:59:33,200 --> 00:59:37,880
Speaker 1: teeny tiny, little like weird horse animals becoming these huge whales.

944
00:59:38,240 --> 00:59:40,600
Speaker 1: I have to look, I'm like trying to figure out

945
00:59:40,600 --> 00:59:44,720
Speaker 1: what to google and like horse whale ancestors. Yeah, so

946
00:59:45,200 --> 00:59:48,120
Speaker 1: whale land, let me let me find I forgot its

947
00:59:48,240 --> 00:59:53,120
Speaker 1: name I think it's called into highest highest h y. Yeah,

948
00:59:53,200 --> 00:59:58,200
Speaker 1: here it is. It's like a kangaroo clever thing. What

949
00:59:58,400 --> 01:00:01,800
Speaker 1: in the hell that is so former? When you turned

950
01:00:01,880 --> 01:00:06,040
Speaker 1: into a whale that imagined like a musk rat mixed

951
01:00:06,040 --> 01:00:08,800
Speaker 1: through the cheetah mixed with a kangaroo the size of

952
01:00:08,840 --> 01:00:14,320
Speaker 1: a rabbit, and that's what it is. Is so weird.

953
01:00:14,400 --> 01:00:16,520
Speaker 1: But you can also kind of see where a whale

954
01:00:16,520 --> 01:00:18,800
Speaker 1: with more like if if you guys know animals, I

955
01:00:18,880 --> 01:00:20,600
Speaker 1: might be showing my age on that, but if you

956
01:00:20,640 --> 01:00:23,760
Speaker 1: ever saw a human turn into an animal, that's animals.

957
01:00:23,960 --> 01:00:26,120
Speaker 1: And I can see this thing turning into a whale,

958
01:00:26,880 --> 01:00:29,200
Speaker 1: even though that's the craziest thing ever. I kept saying

959
01:00:29,200 --> 01:00:31,280
Speaker 1: that it was horse like, but it's more deer like.

960
01:00:31,440 --> 01:00:33,880
Speaker 1: I don't know why it's a horse um, but yeah,

961
01:00:34,040 --> 01:00:36,880
Speaker 1: here's I'm gonna paste an image and to the dock

962
01:00:37,000 --> 01:00:40,400
Speaker 1: here where you can see it looks like it looks

963
01:00:40,440 --> 01:00:46,240
Speaker 1: like a freaking golden retriever mixed with a deer a kangaroo.

964
01:00:46,480 --> 01:00:52,240
Speaker 1: AM stunned. It's so strange, It is so so strange,

965
01:00:52,960 --> 01:00:56,440
Speaker 1: but it's it was this little hooved animal that was

966
01:00:56,520 --> 01:00:59,400
Speaker 1: the size of I don't know a cappy bara. You

967
01:00:59,440 --> 01:01:04,440
Speaker 1: know what a cappy barros? Yes, they do. They're super cute. Wow, guys,

968
01:01:04,480 --> 01:01:06,520
Speaker 1: you have to look it up. Don't rely on our

969
01:01:06,520 --> 01:01:08,840
Speaker 1: descriptions because you have to see it for yourself. It

970
01:01:08,960 --> 01:01:11,360
Speaker 1: is the most in Like, I see where their ears went.

971
01:01:11,440 --> 01:01:13,840
Speaker 1: I see how it's like lost its legs. It became

972
01:01:13,920 --> 01:01:17,800
Speaker 1: like elongated fin form. It's all there, but it's infer

973
01:01:17,960 --> 01:01:20,720
Speaker 1: and like a dog but not. Oh god, it's so cool.

974
01:01:21,240 --> 01:01:30,440
Speaker 1: It's so weird. Yeaholution, it's yes, evolution, you crazy. But

975
01:01:30,560 --> 01:01:37,160
Speaker 1: back to these incaterns, little little mustachio seabirds. So they

976
01:01:37,320 --> 01:01:39,880
Speaker 1: are I don't know. To me, they kind of look

977
01:01:39,960 --> 01:01:42,360
Speaker 1: like a cross between a pigeon and a penguin with

978
01:01:42,480 --> 01:01:46,720
Speaker 1: duck legs and a mustache. That is so. They're similar

979
01:01:47,000 --> 01:01:50,640
Speaker 1: to puffins in terms of their habits. They eat fish.

980
01:01:50,800 --> 01:01:53,360
Speaker 1: They do dive into the water or dip to catch

981
01:01:53,440 --> 01:01:56,400
Speaker 1: little fish. Unlike puffins, they don't do deep dives. They

982
01:01:56,440 --> 01:01:58,480
Speaker 1: just kind of stick to the surface of the water.

983
01:01:58,920 --> 01:02:01,720
Speaker 1: They also have these little denticles on the inside of

984
01:02:01,720 --> 01:02:05,840
Speaker 1: their beaks that helps them secure these fish in place. Uh.

985
01:02:05,880 --> 01:02:08,960
Speaker 1: They're also similar to puffins. They have these huge nesting

986
01:02:09,000 --> 01:02:14,040
Speaker 1: colonies where they have thousands of families. They're very socially outgoing,

987
01:02:14,640 --> 01:02:19,960
Speaker 1: and they are monogamous for at least a whole breeding season,

988
01:02:20,080 --> 01:02:22,840
Speaker 1: so they can switch partners for different breedings Swiss seasons,

989
01:02:22,840 --> 01:02:25,400
Speaker 1: sometimes they stick to the same partner, but yeah, they

990
01:02:25,880 --> 01:02:30,400
Speaker 1: they raise their eggs together. And then that little mustache

991
01:02:30,760 --> 01:02:33,840
Speaker 1: that both the females and males have is actually an

992
01:02:33,880 --> 01:02:37,320
Speaker 1: indicator of the inca terns health, and both males and

993
01:02:37,400 --> 01:02:41,480
Speaker 1: females use it to assess their partners health and suitability,

994
01:02:42,000 --> 01:02:45,680
Speaker 1: so it is really cute to me. Basically they're dating

995
01:02:45,800 --> 01:02:48,600
Speaker 1: is like how healthy is your mustato lists? And we

996
01:02:48,640 --> 01:02:51,520
Speaker 1: could all use it in our dating cycles and should

997
01:02:51,560 --> 01:02:54,480
Speaker 1: be like, how healthy are you? Really? Also like the

998
01:02:54,520 --> 01:02:59,360
Speaker 1: idea of a polyamorous sitcom starting these guys, they're just like, listen,

999
01:02:59,400 --> 01:03:01,880
Speaker 1: that was last raining season, this beeking season, Benna, try

1000
01:03:01,960 --> 01:03:05,040
Speaker 1: something jefferent, but it's all love boo. And then you know,

1001
01:03:05,360 --> 01:03:08,120
Speaker 1: we spent two hours grooming each other's mustaches, and that's

1002
01:03:08,120 --> 01:03:11,240
Speaker 1: how we know it's love. Hand in hand in handlebar

1003
01:03:11,600 --> 01:03:16,680
Speaker 1: is what it'd be called perfect. And it's also said

1004
01:03:16,720 --> 01:03:21,960
Speaker 1: that they have a mew like call. Now here's the

1005
01:03:22,040 --> 01:03:24,480
Speaker 1: thing I would love it if they sounded like a

1006
01:03:24,520 --> 01:03:27,400
Speaker 1: cat mewing. But I've listened to this. It sounds like

1007
01:03:27,440 --> 01:03:30,280
Speaker 1: a cat who's like a chain smoker. To me, it doesn't.

1008
01:03:30,640 --> 01:03:32,720
Speaker 1: It's not a cute little male. If you want to

1009
01:03:32,760 --> 01:03:35,520
Speaker 1: listen to it that YouTube link. Oh my god, yes,

1010
01:03:35,520 --> 01:03:45,720
Speaker 1: there clicking in now. Oh, it does sound like a

1011
01:03:45,760 --> 01:03:47,840
Speaker 1: New York cat who has waited for the bus for

1012
01:03:47,920 --> 01:03:50,080
Speaker 1: too long and as someone's trying to cut in for

1013
01:03:50,120 --> 01:03:56,080
Speaker 1: a night. Yeah, I will say it to not as

1014
01:03:56,120 --> 01:03:58,200
Speaker 1: horrifying as I thought it was going to be. It's

1015
01:03:58,280 --> 01:04:02,400
Speaker 1: kind of cute. No, it's chain smoker cat, which is cute.

1016
01:04:02,600 --> 01:04:05,280
Speaker 1: But I mean, if your cat don't chain smoke. I'm

1017
01:04:05,280 --> 01:04:11,200
Speaker 1: not saying smoke, don't do it. Cats be cool, be

1018
01:04:11,400 --> 01:04:18,600
Speaker 1: mule staying, SMaL steal. Uh. So, now I want to

1019
01:04:18,600 --> 01:04:22,560
Speaker 1: talk about a bird who when you think about the

1020
01:04:22,600 --> 01:04:27,480
Speaker 1: evolutionary path of dinosaurs and birds, it is mind blowing.

1021
01:04:27,640 --> 01:04:30,400
Speaker 1: It is the tiniest bird in the world and it

1022
01:04:30,520 --> 01:04:35,400
Speaker 1: is the b hummingbird. So the b hummingbird is only

1023
01:04:35,440 --> 01:04:40,360
Speaker 1: found in Cuba. It is only two inches long, it's

1024
01:04:40,560 --> 01:04:45,120
Speaker 1: under three grams, it weighs less than a single grape,

1025
01:04:45,360 --> 01:04:49,560
Speaker 1: and it's about the size of a grape. H it

1026
01:04:49,680 --> 01:04:57,280
Speaker 1: is tiny. It is so my god, guys, if you've

1027
01:04:57,320 --> 01:05:01,600
Speaker 1: seen flit from Pocacon, it's it's a tiny hummingbird. It's

1028
01:05:01,640 --> 01:05:09,800
Speaker 1: like that. Like it. Oh, it could fit between your fingers. Yes,

1029
01:05:09,920 --> 01:05:14,480
Speaker 1: it's it's literally like a little flying, colorful grape and

1030
01:05:14,520 --> 01:05:17,240
Speaker 1: always less than a grape. It's I don't know, it's nuts.

1031
01:05:17,480 --> 01:05:22,480
Speaker 1: I'm looking at one perched on somebody's thumbnail. Oh my god,

1032
01:05:22,600 --> 01:05:25,120
Speaker 1: it's okay. This is the only bird I stand. This

1033
01:05:25,200 --> 01:05:29,320
Speaker 1: bird and I are friends. It is the cutest and

1034
01:05:29,360 --> 01:05:31,840
Speaker 1: it doesn't even have like it's beacut kind of long

1035
01:05:31,920 --> 01:05:34,640
Speaker 1: like typically is of a hummingbird, but doesn't have that

1036
01:05:34,680 --> 01:05:38,240
Speaker 1: weird like long tongue thing that I don't like. That

1037
01:05:38,360 --> 01:05:40,560
Speaker 1: thing leads me out. It feels very it does, but

1038
01:05:40,640 --> 01:05:43,919
Speaker 1: you can't see it. It's so it's proportionate to its

1039
01:05:44,000 --> 01:05:47,680
Speaker 1: body and it's cut. And also it's plumage is very beautiful,

1040
01:05:48,240 --> 01:05:51,840
Speaker 1: like it's almost iridescent. Yeah. So males are a bright

1041
01:05:51,920 --> 01:05:55,400
Speaker 1: iridescent blue on their back and females are a bright

1042
01:05:55,480 --> 01:05:59,320
Speaker 1: iridescent green, and their bellies are kind of a grayish white,

1043
01:06:00,040 --> 01:06:04,320
Speaker 1: and they eat like most hind birds. They eat nectar.

1044
01:06:04,480 --> 01:06:07,800
Speaker 1: Sometimes they'll eat a spider or tiny insect, whatever they

1045
01:06:07,800 --> 01:06:10,320
Speaker 1: can fit in their little beaks. Their beaks do open.

1046
01:06:10,360 --> 01:06:12,600
Speaker 1: I know, it seems like they're just like a drinking

1047
01:06:12,680 --> 01:06:15,080
Speaker 1: straw that doesn't open and close, but yeah they can.

1048
01:06:15,160 --> 01:06:16,680
Speaker 1: They can open and close it and use it like

1049
01:06:16,720 --> 01:06:20,320
Speaker 1: little pincers. But yeah. Mostly it's mostly nectar that they

1050
01:06:20,360 --> 01:06:25,200
Speaker 1: feed on, and they build teeny teeny teeny tiny nests.

1051
01:06:25,200 --> 01:06:29,880
Speaker 1: It's the size of a corner o. Their nests can

1052
01:06:30,000 --> 01:06:35,080
Speaker 1: fit on a clothes pin and they lay two itty

1053
01:06:35,160 --> 01:06:38,080
Speaker 1: bitty eggs in it, and each egg is the size

1054
01:06:38,120 --> 01:06:43,360
Speaker 1: of a single pe. You guys can't describe to you

1055
01:06:44,480 --> 01:06:48,360
Speaker 1: pass out it is and it's always two little eggs.

1056
01:06:51,240 --> 01:06:53,480
Speaker 1: Oh my god. You can see there's a lot of

1057
01:06:53,520 --> 01:06:56,400
Speaker 1: pictures of people like handling or putting, you know, things

1058
01:06:56,480 --> 01:06:58,400
Speaker 1: near it, so you can get a relative idea of

1059
01:06:58,440 --> 01:07:03,120
Speaker 1: the size. But very very tiny, so cute. I'm obsessed

1060
01:07:03,120 --> 01:07:07,080
Speaker 1: with dollhouses. I love tiny things, and this is kind

1061
01:07:07,080 --> 01:07:10,560
Speaker 1: of perfect. I know, I love I love miniatures. This.

1062
01:07:11,440 --> 01:07:13,240
Speaker 1: I got to the point of quarantine where it's like

1063
01:07:13,240 --> 01:07:15,800
Speaker 1: I'm going to build some miniatures, but I didn't do it.

1064
01:07:16,040 --> 01:07:19,120
Speaker 1: But I work and also if you up it's you

1065
01:07:19,200 --> 01:07:21,520
Speaker 1: got a primate and start from the top. It's so much.

1066
01:07:21,880 --> 01:07:26,040
Speaker 1: But when I obsessively watch I think videos on Instagram

1067
01:07:26,080 --> 01:07:30,040
Speaker 1: with people like here's tiny dollhouse, me too, tiny cafe.

1068
01:07:32,120 --> 01:07:35,680
Speaker 1: Have you ever seen tiny cooking? Like it's a YouTube

1069
01:07:35,680 --> 01:07:39,440
Speaker 1: thing where they build a tech they build a tiny,

1070
01:07:39,840 --> 01:07:44,240
Speaker 1: fully functional kitchen and cook tiny food. I like it

1071
01:07:44,280 --> 01:07:46,680
Speaker 1: when they get a hamster and they feed the hamster. Yes.

1072
01:07:48,200 --> 01:07:50,360
Speaker 1: Oh I saw one where they made a hamster spa

1073
01:07:51,000 --> 01:07:55,160
Speaker 1: and they put the hamster in the tiny spat little jets,

1074
01:07:55,200 --> 01:08:00,240
Speaker 1: but a little thing that was so cute. I can't

1075
01:08:00,280 --> 01:08:03,080
Speaker 1: take it. Like, imagine like a bee hummingbird in a

1076
01:08:03,160 --> 01:08:06,520
Speaker 1: tiny kitchen, one of these, like I just I'm dead.

1077
01:08:06,680 --> 01:08:10,120
Speaker 1: I diad this is what killed me. A little cherry

1078
01:08:10,120 --> 01:08:16,720
Speaker 1: cloth bathrobe. You can stay cuddly. Oh my mom sent

1079
01:08:16,800 --> 01:08:19,880
Speaker 1: me photos of there was this little hummingbird nest, not

1080
01:08:20,000 --> 01:08:23,640
Speaker 1: a bee hummingbird, just a normal hummingbird. And it was

1081
01:08:23,760 --> 01:08:29,120
Speaker 1: so cute. The tiny eggs they just look like, I

1082
01:08:29,400 --> 01:08:33,519
Speaker 1: don't know, they look like little little gumballs. I want,

1083
01:08:33,640 --> 01:08:35,639
Speaker 1: for some reason just want to like put it all

1084
01:08:35,640 --> 01:08:38,599
Speaker 1: in my mouth. I don't know why it would not

1085
01:08:38,680 --> 01:08:41,519
Speaker 1: taste good, but I don't know. I don't and I wouldn't.

1086
01:08:41,920 --> 01:08:49,000
Speaker 1: I wouldn't. Maybe I'm like part snake just now. Of

1087
01:08:49,040 --> 01:08:51,720
Speaker 1: course I don't want to do this because I want

1088
01:08:51,760 --> 01:08:55,560
Speaker 1: them to develop into tiny hummingbirds. But can you imagine

1089
01:08:55,600 --> 01:08:59,960
Speaker 1: the world's tiniest Friday egg from a bee hummingbird egg

1090
01:09:01,200 --> 01:09:06,360
Speaker 1: on a tiny pan. I love it with little tiny sandgates.

1091
01:09:06,360 --> 01:09:09,640
Speaker 1: Those are the cutest. I like how whenever there's a

1092
01:09:09,640 --> 01:09:12,040
Speaker 1: cute animal, it's like, Oh, it's so cute, how can

1093
01:09:12,080 --> 01:09:18,200
Speaker 1: I eat it? Yes, I don't advocate eating the b hummingbird,

1094
01:09:18,280 --> 01:09:21,000
Speaker 1: but they are so cute. They are so cute. But

1095
01:09:21,040 --> 01:09:24,040
Speaker 1: it's also it's just crazy to think about how the

1096
01:09:24,120 --> 01:09:29,400
Speaker 1: evolutionary path of the therapods that also created the t

1097
01:09:29,680 --> 01:09:33,479
Speaker 1: rex ended up with like the little tiny p bird. Like,

1098
01:09:33,560 --> 01:09:37,479
Speaker 1: it's just so like to put it in perspective, the

1099
01:09:37,479 --> 01:09:43,880
Speaker 1: earliest common ancestors of therapods, so all therapods, including like

1100
01:09:44,080 --> 01:09:49,559
Speaker 1: velociraptors t rex is birds, was probably something either similar

1101
01:09:49,600 --> 01:09:54,280
Speaker 1: to or was he Arasaurus, which is one of the

1102
01:09:54,360 --> 01:09:59,040
Speaker 1: earliest dinosaurs. It's a bipedal carnivore that looked like a

1103
01:09:59,120 --> 01:10:02,240
Speaker 1: sort of meaty your philosophy like a cross between a

1104
01:10:02,280 --> 01:10:06,120
Speaker 1: t rex and a velociraptor. It weighed seven hundred and

1105
01:10:06,160 --> 01:10:09,200
Speaker 1: seventy pounds and grew to be up to twenty ft

1106
01:10:09,200 --> 01:10:13,360
Speaker 1: in length. And these guys evolved around two hundred and

1107
01:10:13,400 --> 01:10:18,320
Speaker 1: thirty million years ago. And it, I mean, it's like,

1108
01:10:19,080 --> 01:10:21,920
Speaker 1: you know, I can see how it like shrank down

1109
01:10:21,960 --> 01:10:26,400
Speaker 1: into bird ancestors and like beefed up into like t rex.

1110
01:10:26,560 --> 01:10:29,800
Speaker 1: But it's just it's crazy that it started with this

1111
01:10:29,880 --> 01:10:33,120
Speaker 1: template and then just behind door number one, you become

1112
01:10:33,120 --> 01:10:38,240
Speaker 1: a t rex behind door number two. Verbs I like,

1113
01:10:38,439 --> 01:10:41,920
Speaker 1: I really would like one of these dinosaurs and the

1114
01:10:41,960 --> 01:10:44,960
Speaker 1: size of a bee hummingbird. Like I really enjoyed the

1115
01:10:45,040 --> 01:10:51,960
Speaker 1: idea of this little Again, dude, I don't know if

1116
01:10:52,000 --> 01:10:54,840
Speaker 1: you call that a snout on a dinosaur the mouth

1117
01:10:55,240 --> 01:11:00,559
Speaker 1: yeah sure, yeah if you little guys so cute, it's

1118
01:11:00,640 --> 01:11:02,800
Speaker 1: trying to bite your finger but it can't get it.

1119
01:11:07,000 --> 01:11:10,880
Speaker 1: But like, so these guys were from around two hundred

1120
01:11:10,960 --> 01:11:15,040
Speaker 1: thirty million years ago. Be hummingbirds evolved around ten million

1121
01:11:15,080 --> 01:11:18,679
Speaker 1: years ago, so it only took two hundred and twenty

1122
01:11:18,760 --> 01:11:23,600
Speaker 1: million years for Herosaurus or maybe a dinosaur similar to

1123
01:11:23,720 --> 01:11:26,800
Speaker 1: it that is thought to be the ancestor of therapods,

1124
01:11:26,840 --> 01:11:31,520
Speaker 1: to become a little less than a grape size buzzing puffball.

1125
01:11:31,640 --> 01:11:36,520
Speaker 1: It's crazy, you guys. That's so impressive. Dinosaurs are amazing.

1126
01:11:36,880 --> 01:11:42,200
Speaker 1: Evolution is amazing. I feel like I am less afraid

1127
01:11:42,240 --> 01:11:47,400
Speaker 1: of birds, but more conscious of the adult ones. I

1128
01:11:47,400 --> 01:11:49,960
Speaker 1: am now warming up to baby birds. I think baby

1129
01:11:49,960 --> 01:11:54,559
Speaker 1: birds are okay. Most people dislike they like adult birds,

1130
01:11:54,600 --> 01:11:56,599
Speaker 1: but they don't like the babies because they think that

1131
01:11:56,640 --> 01:12:02,160
Speaker 1: they about Simon cats are like the shaved cats. And

1132
01:12:02,200 --> 01:12:05,760
Speaker 1: I'm just like, listen, guys, every no matter what how

1133
01:12:05,840 --> 01:12:07,519
Speaker 1: much hair you have or how little hair you have,

1134
01:12:07,600 --> 01:12:11,040
Speaker 1: you're worthy of love and you still be adorable and

1135
01:12:11,160 --> 01:12:17,559
Speaker 1: super cute. Hypocritical coming from us naked humans. We're hella naked,

1136
01:12:17,760 --> 01:12:22,040
Speaker 1: Like we have to put on some clothes. Can you

1137
01:12:22,080 --> 01:12:26,280
Speaker 1: imagine a baby bird in a clothes? Oh my god,

1138
01:12:28,040 --> 01:12:30,519
Speaker 1: I have imagine. Okay, Well, would I want to put

1139
01:12:30,720 --> 01:12:41,840
Speaker 1: on it like a little Jackie Kennedy outfit with the okay? Well,

1140
01:12:41,880 --> 01:12:45,120
Speaker 1: so I feel like we've been on a learning journey

1141
01:12:45,360 --> 01:12:48,280
Speaker 1: and maybe, like I know, it's it's we're not going

1142
01:12:48,320 --> 01:12:52,480
Speaker 1: to solve the relationship you have with birds. In one podcast,

1143
01:12:52,760 --> 01:12:56,200
Speaker 1: but like I feel like instead of like saying, don't

1144
01:12:56,240 --> 01:12:59,080
Speaker 1: try to think about like, oh I shouldn't be afraid

1145
01:12:59,120 --> 01:13:01,799
Speaker 1: of birds, think about like maybe there's like a reason

1146
01:13:01,840 --> 01:13:04,640
Speaker 1: for this fear, and let's find the science behind it,

1147
01:13:04,800 --> 01:13:07,800
Speaker 1: and then that way we can move forward and put

1148
01:13:07,840 --> 01:13:12,800
Speaker 1: baby birds and sailor costumes. That makes sense. Yes, yes,

1149
01:13:13,439 --> 01:13:16,960
Speaker 1: send me all of your baby birds in sailor costumes. Please.

1150
01:13:17,520 --> 01:13:22,400
Speaker 1: I love him or her or them already. Um, we

1151
01:13:22,439 --> 01:13:25,000
Speaker 1: haven't solved the problem, but we have come much closer.

1152
01:13:25,360 --> 01:13:29,599
Speaker 1: After that, I thank you. That's all I need to hear. So,

1153
01:13:29,680 --> 01:13:33,920
Speaker 1: thank you so much for joining me today Joel. Of course,

1154
01:13:34,000 --> 01:13:37,280
Speaker 1: Joel is our wonderful producer. But do you have anything

1155
01:13:37,280 --> 01:13:41,439
Speaker 1: else to plug Sure, if you are a mature listener,

1156
01:13:41,560 --> 01:13:44,000
Speaker 1: you can check out Fake Doctor's Real Friends, which is

1157
01:13:44,040 --> 01:13:48,719
Speaker 1: a Scrubs rewatch show. It's a fun show to be

1158
01:13:48,800 --> 01:13:51,479
Speaker 1: on and can we watch along with us on Hulu

1159
01:13:51,560 --> 01:13:53,800
Speaker 1: dot com. Other than that, you can come find me

1160
01:13:53,880 --> 01:13:56,439
Speaker 1: on my twitters, wrote out a lot of social stuff

1161
01:13:56,479 --> 01:13:58,880
Speaker 1: and a lot of sci fi stuff. I am Joel

1162
01:13:58,960 --> 01:14:02,040
Speaker 1: Monik and that's j O E L L E M

1163
01:14:02,080 --> 01:14:05,599
Speaker 1: O N I tu eat all one week and you

1164
01:14:05,640 --> 01:14:09,479
Speaker 1: can find us on Instagram at Creature Feature Pod. I'll

1165
01:14:09,560 --> 01:14:13,320
Speaker 1: be posting pictures of all these fantastic birds. Find us

1166
01:14:13,320 --> 01:14:16,080
Speaker 1: on Twitter at Creature Feet pod. That's f e A

1167
01:14:16,280 --> 01:14:19,439
Speaker 1: T not f e ET. That songing very different. You

1168
01:14:19,479 --> 01:14:21,600
Speaker 1: can find me if you just want to hear my

1169
01:14:21,720 --> 01:14:24,479
Speaker 1: Katie thoughts. Again, not not necessarily related to the show,

1170
01:14:24,520 --> 01:14:27,160
Speaker 1: but you know, just my thoughts and opinions. That's at

1171
01:14:27,240 --> 01:14:31,200
Speaker 1: Katie Golden And as always I am also pro bird

1172
01:14:31,280 --> 01:14:36,440
Speaker 1: rights where I This is a very relevant episode about

1173
01:14:36,560 --> 01:14:40,280
Speaker 1: basically the bird takeover is emminent and we must prepare

1174
01:14:40,960 --> 01:14:46,960
Speaker 1: for our new beloved bird overlords. Thanks to the Space

1175
01:14:47,000 --> 01:14:50,920
Speaker 1: Coassics for their super awesome song x Alumina. Creature Feature

1176
01:14:51,000 --> 01:14:54,440
Speaker 1: is a production of I Heart Radio. For more podcasts

1177
01:14:54,439 --> 01:14:56,800
Speaker 1: like the one you just heard, visit the I Heart

1178
01:14:56,880 --> 01:15:00,960
Speaker 1: Radio app website, Apple podcast, or Hey Gus, what wherever

1179
01:15:01,040 --> 01:15:04,000
Speaker 1: you get your favorite shoes? To see you next Wednesday.