WEBVTT - Shatter Me Like Sub-Zero 0:00:03.040 --> 0:00:05.360 Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind production of My 0:00:05.480 --> 0:00:14.600 Heart Radio. Hey you welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 0:00:14.680 --> 0:00:17.599 My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick, and 0:00:17.680 --> 0:00:20.159 today we are going to be shattering some ninja's. I 0:00:20.160 --> 0:00:24.920 am very excited. So recently we released an episode about 0:00:24.920 --> 0:00:27.840 the science and history of a substance called pike crete, 0:00:27.880 --> 0:00:30.840 which is a type of composite ice that was researched 0:00:30.880 --> 0:00:33.400 in Great Britain and a little bit in Canada during 0:00:33.440 --> 0:00:38.840 World War Two as a potential material for building aircraft carriers. Now, 0:00:38.880 --> 0:00:41.960 the so called berg ship that that they wanted to 0:00:42.000 --> 0:00:45.520 build was made obsolete by changes in other war conditions 0:00:45.560 --> 0:00:47.879 before it was ever built, so we don't know if 0:00:47.880 --> 0:00:50.520 it would have worked. But the research on pike crete 0:00:50.520 --> 0:00:53.720 as a material itself remains very interesting. And so if 0:00:53.720 --> 0:00:55.680 you haven't listened to that episode, I would recommend you 0:00:55.720 --> 0:00:57.720 go back and check it out now. I think it 0:00:57.760 --> 0:00:59.440 was a lot of fun. Yeah, and we also talked 0:00:59.440 --> 0:01:01.080 a bit about of Thrones in there, if you need 0:01:01.120 --> 0:01:04.280 a little fantasy to encourage you to check that episode 0:01:04.319 --> 0:01:07.440 out right. So, the short version is pikerete is a 0:01:07.520 --> 0:01:11.480 suspension of wood pulp in water ice, and the ideal 0:01:11.520 --> 0:01:14.479 mixture arrived at by Allied Research with something like eighty 0:01:14.560 --> 0:01:18.040 six percent watered fourteen percent would pulp, and it had 0:01:18.080 --> 0:01:20.959 a number of material advantages as a as a building 0:01:21.000 --> 0:01:25.160 material or structural material. Uh This included that the structural 0:01:25.200 --> 0:01:28.720 properties of pi crete were less variable and thus more 0:01:28.800 --> 0:01:31.440 predictable than regular ice, So if you wanted to make 0:01:31.480 --> 0:01:34.480 a structure out of ice, you could understand what you 0:01:34.520 --> 0:01:37.240 were working with a lot more predictably with pikerete. But 0:01:37.319 --> 0:01:40.640 also pikerete melts more slowly than regular ice. It seems 0:01:40.640 --> 0:01:43.520 like the wood pulp content helps insulate it. So you 0:01:43.560 --> 0:01:46.560 take the same amount of material of ice versus pikerete, 0:01:46.600 --> 0:01:50.360 the pikerete melts a lot slower. Also, pike crete is 0:01:50.520 --> 0:01:54.400 much stronger than regular ice. It can withstand heavier loads 0:01:54.600 --> 0:01:59.560 and more powerful impacts with less fracture and less plastic deformation. 0:02:00.400 --> 0:02:03.080 And one of the reasons it's supposed that pike crete 0:02:03.120 --> 0:02:05.880 is stronger than regular ice is that if a crack 0:02:06.000 --> 0:02:10.000 forms under pressure or impact, the would pulp fibers prevent 0:02:10.080 --> 0:02:13.280 the crack from spreading along the full width of the material, 0:02:13.600 --> 0:02:17.000 so it's just far less susceptible to fracture based failures, 0:02:17.320 --> 0:02:20.360 It would maybe kind of deform and sag in a 0:02:20.440 --> 0:02:23.360 plastic way over time, but it's also less susceptible to 0:02:23.440 --> 0:02:26.440 that than regular ices. But anyway, when we were reading 0:02:26.440 --> 0:02:29.840 about all this, I immediately thought of a parallel type 0:02:29.840 --> 0:02:34.160 of material to pike crete, where various fibrous substances are 0:02:34.440 --> 0:02:38.160 enmeshed in a suspension that is by mass mostly water, 0:02:39.000 --> 0:02:43.560 and that composite material is our bodies. And I started 0:02:43.560 --> 0:02:47.359 to wonder, is the principle that makes pike create resistant 0:02:47.400 --> 0:02:50.880 to fracture the same reason that if you drop a 0:02:51.000 --> 0:02:54.000 mass of frozen meat on the ground, it doesn't shatter 0:02:54.200 --> 0:02:56.560 the way a block of ice would. Now we can 0:02:56.600 --> 0:02:58.600 come back to that, but this immediately got my brain 0:02:58.680 --> 0:03:04.279 spinning on another question which takes us into some outworld territory. UH. Specifically, 0:03:04.280 --> 0:03:06.920 this question is if you froze a human body the 0:03:06.960 --> 0:03:10.000 way sub zero does in Mortal Kombat, or like many 0:03:10.040 --> 0:03:12.480 other examples we can talk about from from movies and 0:03:12.520 --> 0:03:15.400 games and stuff in a bit, could you shatter that 0:03:15.520 --> 0:03:19.080 human body with a slick roundhouse kick or would a 0:03:19.120 --> 0:03:23.600 frozen human body be resistant to fracture and shattering? And 0:03:23.639 --> 0:03:26.800 if so, how far would that resistance go. Yeah, we 0:03:26.880 --> 0:03:29.840 actually chatted about this a bit when we recorded the 0:03:29.880 --> 0:03:33.040 pi crete episode, but then we ended up cutting it 0:03:33.080 --> 0:03:35.640 for a couple of reasons. First of all, for length um, 0:03:36.160 --> 0:03:37.880 but then also you wanted to look into it a 0:03:37.920 --> 0:03:40.200 little bit more as our call. Well. Yeah, one reason 0:03:40.240 --> 0:03:42.440 I think is that the discussion we actually had about 0:03:42.440 --> 0:03:45.280 it when we originally recorded the episode was kind of incomplete. 0:03:45.360 --> 0:03:48.120 Like we talked about how the wood fibers within the 0:03:48.160 --> 0:03:50.880 pi crete and make it resistant to shattering. How this 0:03:51.000 --> 0:03:54.040 was probably a reasonable analogy for the frozen flesh of 0:03:54.040 --> 0:03:56.960 an animal, which is a composite sort of alloy of 0:03:56.960 --> 0:04:00.240 a different kind with lots of materials in meshed in between. Mean, 0:04:00.560 --> 0:04:04.440 you know, muscle, fibers, fat, protein, bone, and bone has 0:04:04.440 --> 0:04:07.720 its own different components. It's got a collagen protein component 0:04:08.120 --> 0:04:12.400 and a mineral hydroxy appetite component. And anyway, for these reasons, 0:04:12.440 --> 0:04:16.320 a frozen body might be somewhat similar in its resistance 0:04:16.360 --> 0:04:19.520 to shattering. And of course I mentioned this a second ago, 0:04:19.560 --> 0:04:21.440 but there's an experience probably a lot of people can 0:04:21.480 --> 0:04:24.800 relate to. If you've ever dropped a heavy piece of 0:04:24.960 --> 0:04:27.600 ice on the ground, you you know it shatters. It's 0:04:27.640 --> 0:04:30.479 just very brittle. It shatters into a million pieces. But 0:04:30.520 --> 0:04:33.800 if you drop a similar weight piece of frozen meat 0:04:33.880 --> 0:04:36.000 from say six feet in the air, I think you're 0:04:36.160 --> 0:04:39.279 very unlikely to see anything that looks like shattering. It's 0:04:39.320 --> 0:04:41.720 more likely to kind of bounce a little bit and 0:04:41.800 --> 0:04:44.400 might get bruised as it does so, but it's not 0:04:44.440 --> 0:04:47.760 going to shatter like glass. Yeah, And it's it's similar 0:04:48.080 --> 0:04:50.600 to how the various frozen foods we bring home from 0:04:50.640 --> 0:04:53.440 the grocery store. Have you ever opened the box and 0:04:53.480 --> 0:04:55.520 you're like, oh, man, I dropped that frozen pizza and 0:04:55.560 --> 0:04:57.960 now it's shattered into a million pieces. No, we just 0:04:58.000 --> 0:05:01.599 don't see that, right. So something about the contents, the 0:05:01.600 --> 0:05:05.400 material makeup of of meat, of animal flesh, of body 0:05:05.480 --> 0:05:08.560 parts seems to make it more resistant to fracture than 0:05:08.640 --> 0:05:12.120 other you know, suspensions in water would be so our 0:05:12.160 --> 0:05:14.760 initial discussion in that episode we we sort of said, 0:05:14.839 --> 0:05:16.640 you know, I don't think it's very plausible that you 0:05:16.640 --> 0:05:19.320 could shatter a body. But after we recorded it, I 0:05:19.600 --> 0:05:21.240 sort of thought some more and I was like, wait 0:05:21.240 --> 0:05:25.160 a minute, this really should depend on some more conditions 0:05:25.200 --> 0:05:28.080 that we didn't actually get into, Like, so could you 0:05:28.120 --> 0:05:31.880 shatter a human body at regular freezer temperatures around zero 0:05:31.920 --> 0:05:35.000 degrees fahrenheit or negative eight teen celsius. I think on 0:05:35.080 --> 0:05:37.359 a normal circumstances, the answer to that is just no, 0:05:37.600 --> 0:05:41.039 probably not so. Initially our answer to this question was 0:05:41.080 --> 0:05:43.919 that the sub zero scenario where sub zero freezes you 0:05:44.040 --> 0:05:46.479 with a blast device and then kicks you and you 0:05:46.520 --> 0:05:49.479 shatter all over the place, that's fairly far fetched. But 0:05:49.560 --> 0:05:52.040 what we didn't really get into in our original conversation 0:05:52.080 --> 0:05:55.000 was how far this shatter resistance extends. What if you 0:05:55.040 --> 0:05:58.640 get the body really really cold, deep into the sub 0:05:58.760 --> 0:06:03.520 zero wild, then I think the question becomes more interesting. Absolutely, 0:06:03.560 --> 0:06:05.960 and and also if we're going to talk about sub zero, 0:06:06.080 --> 0:06:08.599 I mean sub zero is is not just a guy 0:06:08.680 --> 0:06:11.400 throwing around some liquid nitrogen. He is supposed to be 0:06:11.480 --> 0:06:15.680 a a Linn cou grand Master. You know. He's a magician, 0:06:15.720 --> 0:06:19.919 a sorcerer who's using frost magic and martial arts to 0:06:20.279 --> 0:06:26.640 battle various gods and cyborgs and other worldly monsters. So 0:06:26.960 --> 0:06:29.520 before we we we get back into the science, I 0:06:29.560 --> 0:06:32.360 want to talk just a little bit about this obsession 0:06:32.960 --> 0:06:38.360 that emerges um. I think largely uh post nine uh 0:06:38.440 --> 0:06:41.760 that this idea of bad guys and sometimes good guys 0:06:42.360 --> 0:06:47.320 being frozen, partially frozen, and then partially or entirely shattered, 0:06:47.520 --> 0:06:49.960 as if they were a piece of porcelain. Now, why 0:06:50.000 --> 0:06:54.320 would you trace it to n Well, here's the thing, 0:06:54.560 --> 0:06:57.839 and and I'm not entirely it's entirely possible that there's 0:06:57.880 --> 0:07:02.080 some of some work prior tonight that features both the 0:07:02.160 --> 0:07:05.479 freezing and shattering of an adversary. Certainly you have examples 0:07:05.480 --> 0:07:08.680 of things being frozen, enemies being frozen. The classic uh 0:07:08.760 --> 0:07:11.640 the Blob comes to mind, right where they the creatures 0:07:11.680 --> 0:07:15.360 defeated with the cold. But in terms of of something 0:07:15.400 --> 0:07:19.480 being frozen and shattering is key because that's when James 0:07:19.520 --> 0:07:23.960 Cameron's Terminator two came out. Yes, and I always forget 0:07:23.960 --> 0:07:26.080 how early in the nineties it actually came out. It 0:07:26.080 --> 0:07:28.600 always catches me off guard that it was ninety one, 0:07:28.640 --> 0:07:32.120 which is, you know, basically the eighties. Oh No, one 0:07:32.160 --> 0:07:34.600 was still the eighties. As we've discussed Cannon on this show, 0:07:34.680 --> 0:07:38.800 is that the nineteen eighties ended in ninet. In fact, 0:07:38.880 --> 0:07:41.760 that the most eighties year there ever was the like 0:07:41.880 --> 0:07:44.240 most iconic when we think of everything that is the 0:07:44.280 --> 0:07:47.080 eighties was the year nineteen nine. Yeah, I mean is 0:07:47.120 --> 0:07:50.960 the culmination of it. Right. So Terminator two, of course 0:07:51.280 --> 0:07:55.480 iconic sci fi action blockbuster, famous for a number of reasons, 0:07:55.480 --> 0:07:59.680 but it also featured some incredible effects, incredible digital effects 0:07:59.680 --> 0:08:03.440 that just you know, changed what we expected in films. 0:08:03.800 --> 0:08:05.600 And there were, you know, so many copycats that that 0:08:05.680 --> 0:08:08.600 came along afterwards. Uh, some better than others. But there's 0:08:08.600 --> 0:08:12.760 this one sequence in particular where Arnold Schwarzenegger's T eight 0:08:12.800 --> 0:08:18.160 hundred Terminator freezes or incident accidentally freezes um the liquid 0:08:18.200 --> 0:08:21.800 metal T one thousand terminator played by Robert Patrick with 0:08:22.000 --> 0:08:25.240 liquid nitrogen. It's like a factory setting for their fight 0:08:25.360 --> 0:08:28.280 and an environmental um um you know, hazard of that 0:08:28.360 --> 0:08:32.040 fight is a frozen T one thousand. Uh. So Arnold 0:08:32.320 --> 0:08:36.040 lifts up his shotgun I believe, uh, fires a one 0:08:36.120 --> 0:08:38.240 line a w liner at him as well as a 0:08:39.240 --> 0:08:42.520 shotgun shell or a slug or something, and it just explodes, 0:08:42.880 --> 0:08:45.120 just just causes the the T one thousand, the frozen 0:08:45.120 --> 0:08:48.040 T one thousand, to explode into hundreds and hundreds of 0:08:48.040 --> 0:08:52.080 shards of of this froze now frozen liquid metal, which 0:08:52.120 --> 0:08:55.160 of course then begins to slowly melt and then reform 0:08:55.640 --> 0:08:58.840 into the T one thousand once more. As I remember it, 0:08:58.840 --> 0:09:00.680 he shoots him with a pistol. But I could be 0:09:00.920 --> 0:09:03.440 a pistol. Okay, that's my memory. I could be wrong. 0:09:03.520 --> 0:09:06.440 But also this is definitely when he he uses the 0:09:06.440 --> 0:09:09.839 phrase he's learned as still a Vista baby, showing that 0:09:09.880 --> 0:09:15.199 he has learned humanity from Edward Furlong. That's right, by 0:09:15.240 --> 0:09:18.520 the way, I was reading about this film um Again, 0:09:18.520 --> 0:09:20.200 It's been a very long tent since I've seen it, 0:09:20.480 --> 0:09:24.120 but there's this weird deleted scene that lines up with 0:09:24.200 --> 0:09:27.280 the whole topic of demonic duck feet on succuby that 0:09:27.280 --> 0:09:29.480 we've discussed in the past on the show. This idea 0:09:29.600 --> 0:09:34.200 in medieval and post medieval um Catholic and Protestant culture, 0:09:34.400 --> 0:09:37.200 the idea that you would have these demons that would 0:09:37.240 --> 0:09:42.280 disguise themselves as attractive members of the say, the opposite sex, 0:09:42.280 --> 0:09:46.280 that would then try and seduce you into sin. But God, 0:09:46.480 --> 0:09:50.080 taking pity on the pious uh man or woman, would 0:09:50.240 --> 0:09:53.760 and would make sure that the disguise was imperfect. While 0:09:53.840 --> 0:09:56.199 this demon might take the form of a beautiful woman, 0:09:56.400 --> 0:09:58.200 it wouldn't be able to get the feet right. The 0:09:58.280 --> 0:10:02.160 feet would be duck feet, like demonic duck feet. Um, 0:10:02.760 --> 0:10:06.000 so there's a way out for the for the pious, right, 0:10:06.040 --> 0:10:08.480 So if you're very observant, if you keep your wits 0:10:08.520 --> 0:10:10.760 about you, then you would never fall for one of 0:10:10.800 --> 0:10:13.520 these like a succubus, because you notice us you've got 0:10:13.520 --> 0:10:18.000 bird feet. So yeah, according to the Internet Movie Database, 0:10:18.040 --> 0:10:20.320 there's a there is a sequence in the Steel Mill 0:10:20.400 --> 0:10:23.960 where the T one thousand um is it's been previously 0:10:24.000 --> 0:10:27.000 frozen and then of course exploded, and then it's come 0:10:27.040 --> 0:10:30.559 back together and not everything's working properly. It's having difficulty 0:10:30.640 --> 0:10:33.840 maintaining its shape and color, like when it touches other materials. 0:10:34.240 --> 0:10:37.440 And there's a scene where it's trying to pretend to 0:10:37.440 --> 0:10:41.680 be Sarah Connor um and and then John Connor looks 0:10:41.720 --> 0:10:44.160 down and sees, oh, it's not Sarah Connor because it 0:10:44.200 --> 0:10:50.280 has grotesque liquid metal feet instead of instead of human feet, 0:10:50.640 --> 0:10:53.880 right the feet, its feet are becoming the same texture 0:10:53.960 --> 0:10:56.080 as the floor that it's walking on, which is a 0:10:56.080 --> 0:10:58.880 cool detail. It is, Yeah, but it but it made 0:10:58.880 --> 0:11:01.240 me think back to that the idea that the the 0:11:01.240 --> 0:11:05.920 the otherworldly alien pretender, uh can't quite get the feet 0:11:06.120 --> 0:11:09.760 right on its disguise. Okay, so you think that it's 0:11:09.800 --> 0:11:12.520 probably the scene in Terminator to where the T one 0:11:12.559 --> 0:11:16.400 thousand gets shattered that spawns these many copycats that come 0:11:16.400 --> 0:11:19.600 afterwards and video games movies where everybody is getting frozen 0:11:19.640 --> 0:11:22.440 and shattered into a million pieces. Right, like to take 0:11:22.920 --> 0:11:25.400 take sub Zero for instance. Okay, a character in the 0:11:25.440 --> 0:11:28.840 Mortal Kombat video game. Now, Mortal Kombat, the original arcade 0:11:28.840 --> 0:11:31.760 game came out in nine two, which is really too 0:11:31.800 --> 0:11:35.600 close to ninety one for it to reflect that Terminator 0:11:35.640 --> 0:11:40.400 to death or explosion scene to any significant degree. And 0:11:40.480 --> 0:11:43.760 perhaps due to that overlap, you don't see any shattering 0:11:43.840 --> 0:11:47.840 action uh in the game really? Uh? Sub Zero can 0:11:47.880 --> 0:11:50.319 freeze people and then he can, you know, uppercut the 0:11:50.360 --> 0:11:53.480 frozen person in some ice goes flying, some blood goes flying, 0:11:53.679 --> 0:11:57.120 but nobody has shattered. Sub Zero's original fatality in that 0:11:57.200 --> 0:12:00.720 game is a blatant predator homage rather in which he 0:12:00.880 --> 0:12:04.480 rips the opponent's spine out of their body. Okay, so 0:12:04.520 --> 0:12:06.920 it was a movie rip off, even an Arnold movie 0:12:07.000 --> 0:12:10.240 rip off, but a different one, right. But then uh, 0:12:10.880 --> 0:12:13.520 three the following year, we see the ports of this 0:12:13.559 --> 0:12:17.080 game make it out to the different home systems, and 0:12:17.280 --> 0:12:22.160 this was too violent for Nintendo. Famously, Supernintendo changed the 0:12:22.160 --> 0:12:26.120 blood into sweat and and they toned down some of 0:12:26.120 --> 0:12:29.600 the fatalities. But they did one really cool thing is 0:12:29.640 --> 0:12:33.800 they completely replaced sub Zero's fatality with one in which 0:12:33.840 --> 0:12:37.400 first he freezes the opponent and then he like backhands 0:12:37.440 --> 0:12:40.360 them and shatters them into a million pieces. Well, that 0:12:40.400 --> 0:12:43.319 sounds like one of the few upgrades for the Supernintendo version, 0:12:43.360 --> 0:12:45.599 which I had as a child, and like, it was 0:12:45.760 --> 0:12:49.720 very odd seeing the the quote blood coming off people. 0:12:49.760 --> 0:12:51.480 That was not blood. It was just some weird kind 0:12:51.480 --> 0:12:54.560 of gray tan colored liquid flying on every time you 0:12:54.600 --> 0:12:57.280 punch somebody. Yeah, I had the I had the Genesis 0:12:57.400 --> 0:13:00.600 version of the game. Uh so I had had the blood, 0:13:00.600 --> 0:13:03.320 but I remember being a little jealous of that frozen 0:13:03.480 --> 0:13:06.800 fatality that sub Zero had. Now it's definitely in the 0:13:06.840 --> 0:13:10.240 Mortal Kombat movie, which, dude, if you have not gone 0:13:10.240 --> 0:13:14.720 back and watched that masterpiece recently, I recommended it. It 0:13:15.080 --> 0:13:18.800 uh really really holds up in the worst possible way. 0:13:19.080 --> 0:13:21.120 It's one of those movies with early c g I 0:13:21.240 --> 0:13:23.760 where all of the marketing for it bragged about the 0:13:23.800 --> 0:13:27.360 c g I, except like I remember the VHS box 0:13:27.400 --> 0:13:32.080 said strap yourself in for these amazing morphin sequences. But 0:13:32.120 --> 0:13:34.439 then if you look at it now and it's like, 0:13:34.880 --> 0:13:37.840 you know, everything has about four corners and it's just 0:13:37.920 --> 0:13:42.040 assaulting your eyes with poison. Oh yeah, well this is yeah, 0:13:42.040 --> 0:13:45.680 this is so plenty of time to to to really 0:13:46.120 --> 0:13:49.840 go after that terminator to uh style and try and 0:13:49.920 --> 0:13:54.320 use some of that technology. Paul ws Anderson was the director, 0:13:54.800 --> 0:13:57.400 and uh, you know, as weird as some of the 0:13:57.400 --> 0:14:00.320 c g I is compared to today, I have to 0:14:00.360 --> 0:14:02.760 say the Goro puppet was really cool. They had some 0:14:02.840 --> 0:14:05.360 nice practical effects mixed up in there as well. Yeah, 0:14:05.400 --> 0:14:08.680 I'll give him that, but that's we're not talking about 0:14:08.679 --> 0:14:12.000 Goro today. Goro when we will come back to another time. 0:14:12.440 --> 0:14:14.760 But we're talking about sub Zero and that scene does 0:14:14.880 --> 0:14:18.160 feature some great free shatter action. I think the moment 0:14:18.240 --> 0:14:21.440 that actually made it into the trailer as sub Zero 0:14:21.600 --> 0:14:24.440 is fighting some red shirt like he's he's literally fighting 0:14:24.840 --> 0:14:28.400 a ninja that's wearing red um and it's not Irmac 0:14:28.480 --> 0:14:32.040 or anything, it's just straight up red red shirt ninja. 0:14:32.480 --> 0:14:36.080 He's wearing a sign that says I am here to die. Yeah. Basically, 0:14:36.280 --> 0:14:38.560 you know what he's there for he's a demo Ninja. 0:14:38.760 --> 0:14:40.960 He's here to demonstrate this fatality. So he does a 0:14:41.000 --> 0:14:43.800 big leaping kick at sub Zero right as sub Zero 0:14:43.880 --> 0:14:47.600 unleashes all this crazy Um you know I have to say, 0:14:47.640 --> 0:14:49.320 and this will come into play later. I feel like 0:14:49.360 --> 0:14:52.440 there's some really cool like atmospheric stuff going on with 0:14:52.480 --> 0:14:55.600 the effects that sub Zero uses here to to create 0:14:55.720 --> 0:14:58.160 his ice magic, like he's doing something to the air 0:14:58.600 --> 0:15:00.720 and perhaps the moisture in the air there and then 0:15:00.840 --> 0:15:03.480 is that Ninja comes flying across the room. Bam, sub 0:15:03.600 --> 0:15:06.720 Zero freezes him. Ninja smashes into the wall and just 0:15:06.720 --> 0:15:12.280 shatters into a million pieces perfection. Yes, um, so we'll 0:15:12.400 --> 0:15:14.920 we'll keep coming back to sub Zero. But that was 0:15:14.920 --> 0:15:19.360 was not, by any means the only um copy cat 0:15:19.520 --> 0:15:21.560 or um or let's say, it wasn't the only film 0:15:21.600 --> 0:15:24.440 inspired by this kind of freeze and shattered death sequence. 0:15:24.840 --> 0:15:29.440 You of course had time cop into. Directed by Peter Hyams, 0:15:29.920 --> 0:15:33.280 who also directed two thousand ten and Outland, which is 0:15:33.360 --> 0:15:36.880 a kind of a a sleazy, not really sleazy, maybe 0:15:36.920 --> 0:15:41.160 kind of intentionally seedy sci fi film starring Sean Connery. 0:15:41.600 --> 0:15:43.160 Is that the one that's supposed to be high noon 0:15:43.280 --> 0:15:46.040 in space. Yeah, it's straight it's a straight up Western 0:15:46.080 --> 0:15:48.480 really with Peter Boyle. I think it's the bad guy. 0:15:48.560 --> 0:15:51.640 It's ah. I remember digging it when I was younger. 0:15:51.640 --> 0:15:55.120 But that's another one I haven't seen in Forever. Time Cop, however, 0:15:55.560 --> 0:15:58.840 features a time traveling time cop as you would expect, 0:15:58.840 --> 0:16:02.240 played by Jean Claude that damn and a great villain roll, 0:16:02.360 --> 0:16:05.240 really a dual villain role, because he plays himself as 0:16:05.280 --> 0:16:07.680 like is the present version of himself and a path 0:16:07.840 --> 0:16:11.280 version of himself played by the late Ron Silver. And 0:16:11.320 --> 0:16:13.680 there's one scene in particular where a hinchman gets his 0:16:13.800 --> 0:16:16.680 arm frozen again by liquid nitrogen that just happens to 0:16:16.720 --> 0:16:20.280 be there in the space where people are fighting, and 0:16:20.320 --> 0:16:23.280 then Jean Klon van Damme kicks that frozen arm and 0:16:23.320 --> 0:16:26.920 shatters it. There's actually, uh just involving an arm. I 0:16:26.920 --> 0:16:30.520 remember there's a scene in the older version the movie 0:16:30.520 --> 0:16:34.280 adaptation of Snow Piercer where a character is punished by 0:16:34.280 --> 0:16:37.440 having their arms stuck outside into the cold, and then 0:16:37.440 --> 0:16:39.480 it gets pulled back in and it's frozen solid and 0:16:39.560 --> 0:16:41.680 they smash it. Oh, that's a good one. That's a good. 0:16:41.680 --> 0:16:45.480 More more recent example of the frozen shatter death or 0:16:45.520 --> 0:16:50.680 torment sequence. Another big one from ninety three is Demolition Man. 0:16:51.000 --> 0:16:56.080 It's Stallone versus Wesley Snipes, and Stallone eventually freezes Snipes 0:16:56.120 --> 0:16:58.520 and kicks his head off, which then chatters, Am I 0:16:58.560 --> 0:17:00.680 the only person who saw the fur staff of this 0:17:00.760 --> 0:17:05.040 movie about five times and never saw the end? Oh no, 0:17:05.160 --> 0:17:06.920 I don't think I even saw that much. Is one 0:17:06.920 --> 0:17:09.320 that they were showing on like Sci Fi Channel or something, 0:17:09.359 --> 0:17:10.880 A lot of it. I guess it must have been. 0:17:10.960 --> 0:17:13.159 I just remember like seeing over and over again the 0:17:13.160 --> 0:17:16.119 scenes about like introducing the premise that the problem with 0:17:16.160 --> 0:17:18.760 the future is that the cops are not violent enough. 0:17:19.800 --> 0:17:22.560 Maybe from my from my part anyway, I think maybe 0:17:22.560 --> 0:17:24.919 it was prominently featured in the trailer. And since I 0:17:24.960 --> 0:17:26.800 never saw the film and only the trailer, that's all 0:17:26.840 --> 0:17:28.840 I know about it. I know like the basic premise 0:17:29.200 --> 0:17:31.800 and have sort of a general idea about the look 0:17:31.840 --> 0:17:34.680 of this future. Yeah. Well, I think it posits that 0:17:34.760 --> 0:17:37.440 the whole future is the galleria. It's just the whole 0:17:37.480 --> 0:17:42.080 future is like a shopping mall from the nineties. All right, 0:17:42.160 --> 0:17:46.800 let's see a few other quick examples. UM saw both 0:17:47.400 --> 0:17:51.560 of the film Cube utilize a freezing trap in there 0:17:52.000 --> 0:17:56.240 um film Alien Resurrection. Uh, there's a sequence where this 0:17:56.280 --> 0:17:58.639 happens to a xenomorph that like escapes and there's a 0:17:58.680 --> 0:18:01.720 freezing trap and it matters itself. And then there's one 0:18:01.800 --> 0:18:04.320 from two thousand four that I don't think i'd ever 0:18:04.359 --> 0:18:07.879 heard of, titled mind Hunters, not to be confused with 0:18:07.880 --> 0:18:11.359 a recent television series that's that's actually, you know, quite 0:18:11.560 --> 0:18:14.560 quite good. Uh No, this is a different beast entirely. 0:18:14.560 --> 0:18:16.719 And there's a crazy sequence that you can find on 0:18:16.760 --> 0:18:20.000 YouTube in which a trap, again some sort of liquid 0:18:20.080 --> 0:18:25.040 nitrogen powered trap, freezes Christian Slater's characters ankles and then 0:18:25.520 --> 0:18:28.480 causes him to snap off of the ankles fall over backwards. 0:18:28.760 --> 0:18:31.160 And then I guess he's still freezing as he falls over, 0:18:31.240 --> 0:18:35.119 because then he like grotesquely shatters when he hits the ground. 0:18:35.560 --> 0:18:38.720 That's rough, man. Now, the one that I I can't 0:18:38.720 --> 0:18:40.720 get out of my head is Jason X, which I 0:18:40.760 --> 0:18:43.600 know is one of your favorites. Oh yes, Uh, this 0:18:43.720 --> 0:18:46.880 is probably my favorite Friday thirteenth movie because of course 0:18:47.000 --> 0:18:50.520 Jason X takes place in outer space and there's a 0:18:50.560 --> 0:18:52.840 scene there multiple that has a lot of great kills 0:18:52.840 --> 0:18:56.440 in it um let of creative kills, Uh, including one 0:18:56.640 --> 0:19:00.240 scene in which uh cyber Jason at the point I 0:19:00.240 --> 0:19:03.560 think he's Cyberjason. At this point, Um dunks a person's 0:19:03.600 --> 0:19:06.800 face into like a tray or a uh that of 0:19:06.880 --> 0:19:10.520 liquid nitrogen and then shatters their face by smacking it 0:19:10.560 --> 0:19:14.160 into a tabletop. So clearly in the nineties everybody got 0:19:14.160 --> 0:19:17.199 the bug. The filmmakers saw it, saw something. They were like, oh, 0:19:17.400 --> 0:19:20.199 shattering people, and they were just on the train. They 0:19:20.240 --> 0:19:22.400 were ready. Yeah, I think you know, it's it's new. 0:19:22.480 --> 0:19:24.520 It's an early death scene to include in your your 0:19:24.640 --> 0:19:28.879 violent nineties picture. But then also I have this feeling 0:19:28.920 --> 0:19:32.360 that this, this this trope is popular because it also 0:19:32.760 --> 0:19:36.359 drives home this this idea about the exaggerated fragility of 0:19:36.400 --> 0:19:39.159 the human body. You know, we we see this in 0:19:39.240 --> 0:19:42.159 various Turn to Stone tropes. We see it, you know, 0:19:42.240 --> 0:19:45.840 quite um, you know, quite tragically. I think we've discussed 0:19:45.840 --> 0:19:48.800 in the past on the show of Um delusions in 0:19:48.800 --> 0:19:51.080 which one believes their body to be essentially be made 0:19:51.080 --> 0:19:53.480 of glass and be so fragile that they don't dare 0:19:53.520 --> 0:19:57.199 touch anything. And then you see like the opposite of 0:19:57.200 --> 0:19:59.320 it in some action films especially. I think the the 0:19:59.400 --> 0:20:02.800 ultimate ex dream of this is the Hong Kong action 0:20:02.840 --> 0:20:06.640 film Ricky Oh, The Story of Ricky, in which our hero, 0:20:06.880 --> 0:20:09.520 like a lot of heroes in these films, it's pretty 0:20:09.560 --> 0:20:13.439 much indestructible. But to just an alarming degree, nothing seems 0:20:13.480 --> 0:20:16.199 to hurt him, and when he hurts anyone else, when 0:20:16.280 --> 0:20:18.520 he fights back against bad guys, it seems like that 0:20:18.640 --> 0:20:22.280 the slightest touch just makes them explode like a bag 0:20:22.320 --> 0:20:26.080 of blood. They're just everyone else is just so fragile. Yeah, 0:20:26.119 --> 0:20:29.800 everybody else is just vegetable soup. I mean, I seem 0:20:29.840 --> 0:20:33.040 to recall a scene where two characters punch at each 0:20:33.040 --> 0:20:37.560 other and their fists hit and Ricky splits the other 0:20:37.600 --> 0:20:41.040 guy's arm down the middle lengthwise like a Mattock splitting 0:20:41.040 --> 0:20:43.600 a log. Yeah. Yeah, basically the human body is just 0:20:43.640 --> 0:20:46.080 made out of balsa wood in according to that film. Well, 0:20:46.119 --> 0:20:47.560 maybe we should take a break and then when we 0:20:47.600 --> 0:20:51.200 come back we can talk about the the actual relationship 0:20:51.320 --> 0:20:58.640 between temperature and brittleness. Than all right, we're back now 0:20:58.680 --> 0:21:01.320 today again, we're a looking at this question of could 0:21:01.359 --> 0:21:04.840 you could you freeze somebody and shatter them like sub zero? 0:21:05.600 --> 0:21:08.719 There are some complications to this question. Obviously, this is 0:21:08.760 --> 0:21:12.840 not an experiment you could perform ethically on a real person, right, 0:21:13.600 --> 0:21:16.400 but you know, you can seek out some analogies. There's 0:21:16.440 --> 0:21:18.960 another reason that this question is a little bit hard 0:21:19.000 --> 0:21:21.800 to answer if you're just trying to reason from general 0:21:21.840 --> 0:21:25.439 knowledge on materials and mechanics and heat. And that's of 0:21:25.480 --> 0:21:28.800 course that the body is a complex matrix of different 0:21:28.880 --> 0:21:33.359 kinds of materials all stuck together. So you can look up, say, 0:21:33.400 --> 0:21:37.960 existing published knowledge on the temperatures where brittle fracture is 0:21:38.000 --> 0:21:41.640 more likely to happen in materials like common industrial plastics 0:21:41.720 --> 0:21:44.320 or types of steel. But I have not found a 0:21:44.359 --> 0:21:47.000 similar chart for animal bodies, and I doubt that there 0:21:47.000 --> 0:21:49.400 would be such a thing, because who would do that research. 0:21:50.000 --> 0:21:52.159 Maybe you do that research. If you do, let us know. 0:21:53.760 --> 0:21:57.800 But in general, there is actually a documented relationship between 0:21:57.880 --> 0:22:01.600 temperature and brittleness in many material reals. And this relationship 0:22:01.680 --> 0:22:05.080 does extend well beyond the simple transition of water from 0:22:05.080 --> 0:22:07.439 its liquid to frozen states. So it's not just the 0:22:07.480 --> 0:22:11.600