WEBVTT - The Fly: Into the Plasma Pool 

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind, a production of

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<v Speaker 1>I Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, welcome to Stuff

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<v Speaker 1>to Blow Your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb and

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<v Speaker 1>I'm Joe McCormick. And today we're gonna do another one

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<v Speaker 1>of our movie episodes. We're trying to do one of

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<v Speaker 1>these roughly every month or so. Sometimes we skip a month,

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<v Speaker 1>and of course when Halloween comes around, there's liable to

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<v Speaker 1>be a little bit more movie centric conversation as we

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<v Speaker 1>use fictional properties as a way to sort of springboard

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<v Speaker 1>onto scientific discussions, to discuss topics we've discussed in the

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<v Speaker 1>past in a slightly different light, or to explore topics

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<v Speaker 1>that you know, we might not otherwise get into in

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<v Speaker 1>a full blown episode. I noticed you just said discussed.

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<v Speaker 1>And today's episode will involve a different spelling of disgust. Yes, yes,

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<v Speaker 1>because we're going to be talking about David Cronenberg's remake

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<v Speaker 1>of The Fly. Now, this this is a movie I

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<v Speaker 1>I re watched it a couple of years ago, as

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<v Speaker 1>I recall, and you rewatched it last night, and I

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<v Speaker 1>think it's fitting that we're we're doing this. We're recording

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<v Speaker 1>this shortly before Valentine's Day, and it is coming out

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<v Speaker 1>in the week following Valentine's Day. Here you go, everybody,

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<v Speaker 1>This is essentially our Valentine's episode for the year. The

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<v Speaker 1>worst State movie of all time. Yeah, it is not.

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<v Speaker 1>It has romance in it, I guess some splashes of romance,

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<v Speaker 1>but it is ultimately a tragic film. Uh, an ikey film,

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<v Speaker 1>a monstrous film. Uh. It is a film that is

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<v Speaker 1>not about making you feel good about yourself per se.

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<v Speaker 1>It's a thorough I mean, I love the movie too.

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<v Speaker 1>It's a it's a great horror movie, but it is

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<v Speaker 1>just a deeply grimy experience at every level. It has

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<v Speaker 1>like it has like like physical textural sliminess, but it

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<v Speaker 1>also has really slimy behavior by certain characters. It is

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<v Speaker 1>a thorough going exploration of slime. It's like, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>both hands into the slime bucket up to the elbows,

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<v Speaker 1>just rooting around in there. Yeah. This film and other

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<v Speaker 1>films from David Cronenberg are often referred to very loosely

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<v Speaker 1>as body horror, and I tend to sort of recoil

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<v Speaker 1>from things that are labeled body hard because sometimes, at

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<v Speaker 1>least in my experience, uh, that label is sometimes given

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<v Speaker 1>to work that is maybe a little a little bit

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<v Speaker 1>more crude for crude's sake, or it's all about more focus,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, or it's about shock value, or you know,

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<v Speaker 1>it's very um melt movies. Yeah, I then, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>I like a good melt movie. But but I do

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<v Speaker 1>have to say, like this, this film, and I think

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<v Speaker 1>that the other films of Cronenberg that fall under this,

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<v Speaker 1>uh this categorization, they tend to be films that are

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<v Speaker 1>not just about like the visual exploit of of body

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<v Speaker 1>and horror, but they get into the metaphorical domain of

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<v Speaker 1>body horror. Yeah. A lot of Cronenberg's work, whereas most

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<v Speaker 1>horror would be about uh, you know, threats to your life,

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<v Speaker 1>like something wants to harm you and it's chasing you

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<v Speaker 1>and you have to get away from it, most of

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<v Speaker 1>his horror is about the threat of having your identity corrupted.

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<v Speaker 1>It's the threat of being transformed into something that is

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<v Speaker 1>no longer you. Yeah, and of course this film has

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<v Speaker 1>it in spades. So before we we jump into further discussion,

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<v Speaker 1>let's uh, well, first of all, let's go ahead and

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<v Speaker 1>say yes, we will be talking about this film with spoilers.

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<v Speaker 1>So if you have not seen David Cronenberg film The Fly,

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<v Speaker 1>and you would like to do so unspoiled. Now is

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<v Speaker 1>a good time to pass the podcast and go out

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<v Speaker 1>and do that. But for the rest of you, yes,

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<v Speaker 1>we will be discussing full spoilers for this film, so

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<v Speaker 1>let's take a quick break to hear just a taste

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<v Speaker 1>from the original trailer. There is a limit even to

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<v Speaker 1>the imagination human teleportation, molecular decimation, breakdown and reformation is

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<v Speaker 1>inherently perching where our greatest creations met and deep as

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<v Speaker 1>fears when you went through something went wrong, you are

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<v Speaker 1>about to go beyond that limit. You know. There's another

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<v Speaker 1>original and remake pair that I often think about, alongside

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<v Speaker 1>the nineteen fifties Fly with Vincent Price and then the

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<v Speaker 1>has it been Surprised? Yeah? Oh yeah, yeah, and the

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<v Speaker 1>and and the Cronenberg remake is the Thing. Yes, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>it's a very similar thing like Howard hawks the Thing

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<v Speaker 1>in the nineteen fifties. It has one kind of vibe

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<v Speaker 1>and it is substantially reimagined by the time Carpenter does

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<v Speaker 1>it in nineteen eighty or whatever it was. And in

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<v Speaker 1>both cases you see the remake reimagining it to the

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<v Speaker 1>degree that the remakes become like the the the The

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<v Speaker 1>the standing examples of the work. But they're they're both

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<v Speaker 1>stories about transformation, though the in both cases, the later

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<v Speaker 1>versions made the transformation much more disgusting. Yes, so so

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<v Speaker 1>let's yeah, let's let's back up a little bit about

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<v Speaker 1>just the origin and the Fly, because it also parallels

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<v Speaker 1>the Thing in that, just as the Thing, the original

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<v Speaker 1>motion picture was based on a pre existing uh work

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<v Speaker 1>of fiction. The same is true of The Fly. The

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<v Speaker 1>night film The Fly, which was directed by Kurt Newman

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<v Speaker 1>with a screenplay by future best selling author James Clavell

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<v Speaker 1>of Showgun Fame. This was based on a short story

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<v Speaker 1>by George Langoln George Langeliers, Yeah Boy, if you Like,

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<v Speaker 1>which was published in a June seven issue of Playboy magazine,

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<v Speaker 1>and I had to look it up. I was curious, like, what, like,

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<v Speaker 1>what is the presentation like in the original issue of

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<v Speaker 1>Playboy magazine? And it indeed, it's pretty impressive because you

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<v Speaker 1>have on on one side, on one page, you have

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<v Speaker 1>just the text of the Fly, no illustrations, and then

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<v Speaker 1>on the other page it's all white except for it

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<v Speaker 1>just like a blank page, except in the top left

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<v Speaker 1>hand corner there's a single fly on the page, like

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<v Speaker 1>to scale, a real size lie. Yeah, where whereas you know,

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<v Speaker 1>when you look at a picture revenue, you could easily

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<v Speaker 1>assume that there's just a fly on that particular Playboy magazine.

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<v Speaker 1>It's a nice touch. Now, as you mentioned, the film

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<v Speaker 1>starred Vincent Price as the inventor of a matter transporter

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<v Speaker 1>device called the disintegrator integrator, which is not as catchy

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<v Speaker 1>as telepod. H So, but and so he's you know,

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<v Speaker 1>he's working on this device, and of course he tested out.

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<v Speaker 1>Things go horribly wrong when a fly ventures into the

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<v Speaker 1>transporter with him, and he emerges with as two different creatures,

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<v Speaker 1>a human with the head and arm of a fly

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<v Speaker 1>and a fly with the head and arm of a human. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>in the original movie, I'd say the most iconic scene

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<v Speaker 1>is when the smaller version, the fly sized body with

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<v Speaker 1>the tiny Vincent Price head on it, gets stuck in

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<v Speaker 1>the spider's web and started screaming, help me, help me.

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<v Speaker 1>But I remember thinking when I saw this original movie, like, okay,

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<v Speaker 1>so he's got a human head, but like it's to scale,

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<v Speaker 1>it's a fly size human head. That wouldn't possibly work.

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<v Speaker 1>He wouldn't be able to fiddle the like human neurons

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<v Speaker 1>into the brain of that size, his brain wouldn't work anymore. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>as we'll continue to discuss with Cronenberg's version, the computer

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<v Speaker 1>that is power and teleportation is really advanced. This is

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<v Speaker 1>a godlike machine and it likes to roll the dice.

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<v Speaker 1>So anyway, in the original, much like the remake, UM,

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<v Speaker 1>the creature has to struggle to maintain its humanity, ultimately

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<v Speaker 1>fails and then their tragic results. Now, this David Cronenberg's

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<v Speaker 1>remake is going to be the main thing we're talking

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<v Speaker 1>about here his treatment of it. Cronenberg was of course

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<v Speaker 1>coming off of success with Videodrome and also an adaptation

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<v Speaker 1>of Stephen King of the Dead Zone Scanners to write, uh, well,

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<v Speaker 1>scanners have been before that, but these two had come

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<v Speaker 1>out the same year, a couple of years prior. But yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>scanners what was out. By that point, he had established

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<v Speaker 1>himself as this Um, this new and signature voice in horror,

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<v Speaker 1>the King of Bad Feelings. The screenplay was by Cronenberg

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<v Speaker 1>and an individual by the name of Charles Edward Pogue.

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<v Speaker 1>It famously stars Jeff gold Bloom as Dr Seth Brundle,

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<v Speaker 1>a tour de force. So yes, like maximum gold blooming

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<v Speaker 1>in this, but also gold blooming to just a perfect degree,

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<v Speaker 1>like he plays to all his strengths as a performer. Also,

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<v Speaker 1>Gina Davis stars in it as Veronica Quaif and then

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<v Speaker 1>John Gets places character named Status Bronze, who is the

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<v Speaker 1>ultimate sleeves bag in a film full of people that

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<v Speaker 1>are that are oftentimes, if not exclusively, sleezy, the sleeves

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<v Speaker 1>on him in this movie is so thick. I remember

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<v Speaker 1>after this was like the first movie I saw with

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<v Speaker 1>John Gets in it, and when I saw like Blood

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<v Speaker 1>Simple in other movies he was in after this, like

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<v Speaker 1>the stank wouldn't come off of him, like it's stuck

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<v Speaker 1>on the actor. Oh yeah, I often forget that he

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<v Speaker 1>was in Blood Simple. Which which character did you play

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<v Speaker 1>in that he's like the main dude in it? Oh yeah, okay,

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<v Speaker 1>often about him he kind of like Francis mcdorman's boyfriend.

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<v Speaker 1>There you go. Okay, I do need to watch Blood

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<v Speaker 1>Simple again. That is a great film. I know it's

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<v Speaker 1>not fair. I should not hold this this character's flaws

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<v Speaker 1>against the actor and John Guess is great, but that's

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<v Speaker 1>that's the sign of a great performance. When you you

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<v Speaker 1>just kind of dislike the the actor as well because

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<v Speaker 1>of what their their their character did or how their

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<v Speaker 1>character came off. So the basic plot in the eight

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<v Speaker 1>six re make is the same. Um. Uh. This time

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<v Speaker 1>it's Dr Seth Brundle. He's working on these telepods and uh,

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<v Speaker 1>he of course ends up experimenting with it. He had

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<v Speaker 1>decides to just screw it. I'm gonna get in the pod.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm going to perform a little self experimentation here, and

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<v Speaker 1>a fly ventures into the pod with him. Biology is scrambled. Uh, humanity,

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<v Speaker 1>humanity has lost. Things end up tragically for monsters and

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<v Speaker 1>men alike. But then there are a lot of key

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<v Speaker 1>differences in this adaptation. We've touched on some of them already,

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<v Speaker 1>like the idea that it's it's less about the monster

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<v Speaker 1>you become, but the journey towards monstrosity, the change the

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<v Speaker 1>monstrous change as opposed to the monster its destination. Well, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>and the film spends a decent amount of time stuck

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<v Speaker 1>in the middle, with Jeff Goblum's character gradually becoming more

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<v Speaker 1>and more less human and more fly uh and and

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<v Speaker 1>being able to like having metacognition on this like realizing

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<v Speaker 1>what is happening to him and being able to react

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<v Speaker 1>to it still as partially the man he once was. Right.

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<v Speaker 1>And then of course, when he first emerges from the telepod,

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<v Speaker 1>not only does he feel whole and intact, but he

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<v Speaker 1>feels improved. He feels, you know, more alive than he

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<v Speaker 1>did previously, starts doing gymnastics and stuff. But he also

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<v Speaker 1>becomes a jerk, like when he gets out of the

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<v Speaker 1>thing that I can't get out of my head is

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<v Speaker 1>when he gets out of the telepod, he's like somebody

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<v Speaker 1>on cocaine, you know, Like he's like, I'm a god,

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<v Speaker 1>I'm amazing. Yeah, and and hey, you've got to try

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<v Speaker 1>this too. Let's try it right now together. Let's do this. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>And I think that's one of the great things about

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<v Speaker 1>the transformation in this film is that you can you

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<v Speaker 1>can apply it to so many other real life changes,

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<v Speaker 1>Like you can easily take this model and compare it to, say, uh,

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<v Speaker 1>the impact of drug addiction, like like we just mentioned later,

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<v Speaker 1>as he begins to transform physically, you could compare that

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<v Speaker 1>to various the ravages of various diseases. Um uh, you

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<v Speaker 1>could even compare to just the you know, the wear

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<v Speaker 1>and tear of age. There there's so many different things

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<v Speaker 1>you could compare it to, uh, and it it opens

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<v Speaker 1>itself up to those comparisons. I'm not saying it's meant

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<v Speaker 1>as a direct allegory, but you know, I think I

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<v Speaker 1>think drugs are very good comparison because, like, because it

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<v Speaker 1>starts off with this euphoria and this sense that things

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<v Speaker 1>have never been better. I'm better than I've ever been,

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<v Speaker 1>life is better than it's ever been, and then there's

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<v Speaker 1>the decline. It catches up with him. There's a denial

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<v Speaker 1>about it. Yeah, yeah, yeah, So, like you said, there's

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of psychological change, a lot of meta analysis

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<v Speaker 1>of like what's going on in him trying to understand

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<v Speaker 1>what's happening to himself because at first he has no

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<v Speaker 1>idea that that a fly has been merged with his

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<v Speaker 1>his being at like the most basic level. And then

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<v Speaker 1>another another I think one of the most horrifying changes

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<v Speaker 1>in a film that is full of horrors. They're not

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<v Speaker 1>even touching on some of the minor things they're thrown in,

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<v Speaker 1>like inside out baboons and whatnot. But towards the end,

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<v Speaker 1>as he's almost completely monster, he relates to Veronica that

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<v Speaker 1>he has a solution in mind, and that is that

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<v Speaker 1>she and her unborn child and and and him the

0:12:26.480 --> 0:12:30.000
<v Speaker 1>bundle fly, should climb into the telepods together and then

0:12:30.360 --> 0:12:34.600
<v Speaker 1>merge themselves into a single perfect being. Right, he decides, Oh,

0:12:34.640 --> 0:12:37.960
<v Speaker 1>I'm I'm wasting away because there's too much fly in me.

0:12:38.160 --> 0:12:41.040
<v Speaker 1>Like I went in just me and fly, and now

0:12:41.080 --> 0:12:44.080
<v Speaker 1>I'm gonna be fifty fifty when this process finishes. And

0:12:44.080 --> 0:12:46.439
<v Speaker 1>he's like, if I get some more humans and then

0:12:46.520 --> 0:12:49.439
<v Speaker 1>merge me with them, then I can be something like,

0:12:49.520 --> 0:12:53.199
<v Speaker 1>you know, sevent human and that's just enough fly. Right,

0:12:53.280 --> 0:12:56.560
<v Speaker 1>And of course this is the predominantly fly brain thinking.

0:12:56.600 --> 0:12:58.200
<v Speaker 1>This is the you know he talks about like the

0:12:58.200 --> 0:13:01.960
<v Speaker 1>absence of politics and in insect culture and so forth.

0:13:01.960 --> 0:13:05.360
<v Speaker 1>But it's it's such a horrifying solution because it makes sense.

0:13:05.440 --> 0:13:09.280
<v Speaker 1>He's making sense, but you it's it's just unspeakable horror

0:13:09.320 --> 0:13:12.600
<v Speaker 1>to imagine what this final form would be if he's

0:13:12.640 --> 0:13:15.000
<v Speaker 1>able to carry this out. And unlike the case with

0:13:15.080 --> 0:13:17.680
<v Speaker 1>him merging with the fly, this would be presumably merging

0:13:17.720 --> 0:13:21.080
<v Speaker 1>too conscious sentient people. I don't know what is what

0:13:21.280 --> 0:13:23.960
<v Speaker 1>is being assumed about, Like if you tried to like

0:13:24.200 --> 0:13:28.559
<v Speaker 1>fuse two humans together, what the resulting brain or mind

0:13:28.600 --> 0:13:30.920
<v Speaker 1>state would be like, Well, it's it's one of these

0:13:30.920 --> 0:13:33.000
<v Speaker 1>things that it depending on how you would look at

0:13:33.000 --> 0:13:36.280
<v Speaker 1>that basic concept. It's either horrifying and it's the it's

0:13:36.280 --> 0:13:39.160
<v Speaker 1>the destruction of self, it's the invasion of self. But

0:13:39.240 --> 0:13:41.440
<v Speaker 1>it also you could look at it as beautiful, right,

0:13:41.480 --> 0:13:43.640
<v Speaker 1>because this is what we often talk about love in

0:13:43.679 --> 0:13:47.920
<v Speaker 1>this case, right, two people becoming one. Yes, he tries

0:13:47.960 --> 0:13:50.360
<v Speaker 1>to talk about it in those terms, and obviously Geina

0:13:50.440 --> 0:13:53.800
<v Speaker 1>Davis does not see it that way quite understandable reasons.

0:13:53.960 --> 0:13:55.800
<v Speaker 1>But of course she hasn't been through the through the

0:13:55.800 --> 0:13:59.000
<v Speaker 1>plasma pool, so she doesn't she how could she understand? Right?

0:13:59.120 --> 0:14:00.960
<v Speaker 1>I know this is one of your favorite things about

0:14:01.000 --> 0:14:04.280
<v Speaker 1>the movie. Is this the plasma pool rant? Right? It's

0:14:04.280 --> 0:14:07.119
<v Speaker 1>in one of the cocaine style scenes where Jeff Goldblum

0:14:07.160 --> 0:14:09.160
<v Speaker 1>is It's it's in the early days after he's been

0:14:09.160 --> 0:14:12.160
<v Speaker 1>through the pod. He thinks, he thinks I'm not wasting away.

0:14:12.200 --> 0:14:14.840
<v Speaker 1>He thinks I'm a god, I'm amazing, I can do anything.

0:14:15.240 --> 0:14:17.959
<v Speaker 1>And he's lashing out at anybody who doesn't want to

0:14:18.000 --> 0:14:20.000
<v Speaker 1>get in the pod and try it for themselves. Yeah,

0:14:20.000 --> 0:14:23.680
<v Speaker 1>he gets very vindictive about it, especially with with Veronica.

0:14:24.160 --> 0:14:27.440
<v Speaker 1>Like one of the quotes from that that lengthy diatribe

0:14:27.560 --> 0:14:29.720
<v Speaker 1>is you're afraid to dive into the plasma pool, aren't

0:14:29.720 --> 0:14:34.000
<v Speaker 1>You're afraid to be destroyed and recreated, aren't you, which

0:14:34.000 --> 0:14:36.600
<v Speaker 1>again ties into this the whole theme of the film,

0:14:36.720 --> 0:14:39.800
<v Speaker 1>this idea of transformation is it is something we all

0:14:39.880 --> 0:14:43.359
<v Speaker 1>want but but at the same time of the reality

0:14:43.400 --> 0:14:45.960
<v Speaker 1>of it can be can be horrifying, can be scary,

0:14:46.000 --> 0:14:48.760
<v Speaker 1>it can be frightening or horrifying. Alright, on that note,

0:14:48.760 --> 0:14:50.120
<v Speaker 1>we're going to take a quick break, but when we

0:14:50.200 --> 0:14:52.800
<v Speaker 1>come back, we will start we'll start throwing a little

0:14:52.800 --> 0:14:59.120
<v Speaker 1>bit of science at this thing. Thank alright, we're back now.

0:14:59.200 --> 0:15:03.440
<v Speaker 1>I would say the ultimate, uh, the premise of the movie.

0:15:03.520 --> 0:15:06.160
<v Speaker 1>This is not hard sci fi. This is not something

0:15:06.200 --> 0:15:09.280
<v Speaker 1>that uh, you know, maybe plausible. We just don't have

0:15:09.360 --> 0:15:12.080
<v Speaker 1>the technology yet. I mean, it doesn't make any sense. Right.

0:15:12.120 --> 0:15:14.680
<v Speaker 1>And as we as we talk about this aspect of

0:15:14.680 --> 0:15:18.160
<v Speaker 1>the film and sort of like nitpick the you know,

0:15:18.200 --> 0:15:22.520
<v Speaker 1>the various aspects of teleportation, please understand that we were

0:15:22.560 --> 0:15:25.400
<v Speaker 1>not criticizing the film. We are we are using the

0:15:25.440 --> 0:15:27.880
<v Speaker 1>film to to explore some topics and we thank the

0:15:27.880 --> 0:15:30.080
<v Speaker 1>film for being able to uh uh you know, to

0:15:30.160 --> 0:15:33.080
<v Speaker 1>inspire us. So sure, it's a horror science fantasy, it's there.

0:15:33.120 --> 0:15:37.000
<v Speaker 1>It's there to uh, to to raise certain ideas about humankind,

0:15:37.080 --> 0:15:42.080
<v Speaker 1>not to critique the specific capabilities of real technology. Right. Uh,

0:15:42.120 --> 0:15:45.640
<v Speaker 1>you know, it's not really apparable about teleportation. Right. Of course.

0:15:46.120 --> 0:15:48.440
<v Speaker 1>The big mishap that occurs in all this is that

0:15:48.520 --> 0:15:51.520
<v Speaker 1>the fly managers to zip into the telepod with Brundle,

0:15:51.680 --> 0:15:56.280
<v Speaker 1>and the computer, not anticipating an additional organism, incorporates that

0:15:56.440 --> 0:16:00.400
<v Speaker 1>organism into Brundle at the molecular genetic level. That's what

0:16:00.440 --> 0:16:02.920
<v Speaker 1>it says. Yeah, he's he says, uh, he's like, in

0:16:02.960 --> 0:16:05.600
<v Speaker 1>my rush to create a telepod, I accidentally created a

0:16:05.640 --> 0:16:09.560
<v Speaker 1>gene splicer as well. A very good one, it is.

0:16:09.640 --> 0:16:13.360
<v Speaker 1>It's it's extremely good. Again. Just the computer powering this

0:16:13.440 --> 0:16:17.840
<v Speaker 1>thing is as incredible as it is inept Even in

0:16:17.880 --> 0:16:22.960
<v Speaker 1>its ineptitude, it manages to achieve, you know, really godlike effects.

0:16:23.840 --> 0:16:27.000
<v Speaker 1>But one of the funny things that I remember thinking

0:16:27.040 --> 0:16:29.920
<v Speaker 1>watching this movie is wait a minute, okay, so it's

0:16:29.920 --> 0:16:33.640
<v Speaker 1>saying human goes in, fly goes in, thing comes out

0:16:33.760 --> 0:16:36.720
<v Speaker 1>that will be fifty fifty human and fly. If you're

0:16:36.720 --> 0:16:39.240
<v Speaker 1>gonna work on that basis, if you're just like comparing, well,

0:16:39.320 --> 0:16:41.680
<v Speaker 1>what kind of genomes are in here, there's a bunch

0:16:41.680 --> 0:16:44.280
<v Speaker 1>of other stuff in there that's not human either. I mean,

0:16:44.360 --> 0:16:47.680
<v Speaker 1>did he sterilize the inside of the telepod before he

0:16:47.760 --> 0:16:50.040
<v Speaker 1>went in? I should hope so, because of a baboon

0:16:50.120 --> 0:16:53.200
<v Speaker 1>exploded in it. Right, Yeah, So of course there's gonna

0:16:53.200 --> 0:16:55.640
<v Speaker 1>be stuff on the you know, walls inside the time.

0:16:55.640 --> 0:16:58.920
<v Speaker 1>I mean, there's life everywhere. But then more than that,

0:16:59.000 --> 0:17:01.880
<v Speaker 1>there's also going to be stuff that he can't sterilize

0:17:01.880 --> 0:17:05.120
<v Speaker 1>because it's gonna be in him and on him. That's right.

0:17:05.200 --> 0:17:07.399
<v Speaker 1>And this should come as no surprise to regular listeners

0:17:07.440 --> 0:17:10.520
<v Speaker 1>at the show because we've discussed the microbiome quite a bit.

0:17:11.480 --> 0:17:13.600
<v Speaker 1>Because there's a there were there would have been a

0:17:13.640 --> 0:17:17.760
<v Speaker 1>lot more than two life forms in there um because

0:17:17.800 --> 0:17:20.960
<v Speaker 1>none of us are human, not by a long shot,

0:17:21.040 --> 0:17:24.520
<v Speaker 1>because we contain vast populations of bacteria, are, chia, and

0:17:24.600 --> 0:17:28.480
<v Speaker 1>fungi that are collectively known as the microbiome. In fact,

0:17:28.520 --> 0:17:33.119
<v Speaker 1>the average human has roughly thirty trillion micro organisms living

0:17:33.240 --> 0:17:36.199
<v Speaker 1>on and within them, enough to wagh and this is

0:17:36.320 --> 0:17:39.560
<v Speaker 1>this is amazing to think about roughly a half pound

0:17:39.640 --> 0:17:43.320
<v Speaker 1>of non human life. So just just imagine this scenario.

0:17:43.400 --> 0:17:46.640
<v Speaker 1>If you were to step into telepod A and then

0:17:46.920 --> 0:17:50.080
<v Speaker 1>telepod and then then you were gonna you know, zip

0:17:50.119 --> 0:17:54.280
<v Speaker 1>into telepod B and C with human emerging from C,

0:17:54.840 --> 0:17:57.919
<v Speaker 1>and then all your microbiome just left in a pile

0:17:58.400 --> 0:18:02.879
<v Speaker 1>in Pod B. That would be a half pound of stuff. Yeah,

0:18:02.920 --> 0:18:05.600
<v Speaker 1>I mean roughly yes, but yeah, and what like it

0:18:05.800 --> 0:18:08.880
<v Speaker 1>just by cell count it's gonna be we don't know exactly,

0:18:08.960 --> 0:18:11.760
<v Speaker 1>but the estimate is something like equal numbers of cells

0:18:11.920 --> 0:18:14.600
<v Speaker 1>or maybe a two to one or something. Yeah, it's

0:18:14.760 --> 0:18:17.280
<v Speaker 1>staggering when you look at some some of these numbers. Um.

0:18:17.520 --> 0:18:19.320
<v Speaker 1>These numbers that I'm reading here, by the way, come

0:18:19.320 --> 0:18:23.800
<v Speaker 1>from a January uh Simon's Foundation article titled You're Not

0:18:23.880 --> 0:18:27.640
<v Speaker 1>All Human The Wonder of Gut Microbes. They also point

0:18:27.640 --> 0:18:30.080
<v Speaker 1>out that we're talking an average of a hundred and

0:18:30.080 --> 0:18:34.080
<v Speaker 1>fifty different species of bacteria alone within the average person,

0:18:34.119 --> 0:18:38.560
<v Speaker 1>and that's out of six thousand possible species worldwide. The

0:18:38.640 --> 0:18:43.320
<v Speaker 1>human genome contains twenty thousand genes, while your microbiome contains

0:18:43.400 --> 0:18:49.159
<v Speaker 1>three million genes. So I got another wrinkled Okay, So

0:18:49.240 --> 0:18:52.159
<v Speaker 1>wouldn't just be your microbiome and the fly, but it

0:18:52.160 --> 0:18:54.960
<v Speaker 1>would also be the flies microbiome. Yeah, I mean we didn't.

0:18:54.960 --> 0:18:57.879
<v Speaker 1>I didn't even get figures for that. They're also there

0:18:57.920 --> 0:19:01.440
<v Speaker 1>are parasites that live on in pray on flies. Yeah,

0:19:01.480 --> 0:19:04.440
<v Speaker 1>you've got those as well. That's assuming that Brundle himself

0:19:04.520 --> 0:19:06.560
<v Speaker 1>does not have some sort of parasite. And we don't

0:19:06.600 --> 0:19:07.840
<v Speaker 1>know what he had for dinner. He might have had

0:19:07.840 --> 0:19:10.639
<v Speaker 1>a bad uh you know, pork sandwich or something. Oh no,

0:19:10.920 --> 0:19:12.960
<v Speaker 1>you go in there with trick gnosis and then it

0:19:13.119 --> 0:19:15.480
<v Speaker 1>fuses you with the worms. Yeah, because I mean he's

0:19:15.640 --> 0:19:18.080
<v Speaker 1>I mean, he's certainly living a bit foul up in

0:19:18.440 --> 0:19:22.080
<v Speaker 1>that that loft later on, but it's not exactly pristine either.

0:19:22.160 --> 0:19:25.239
<v Speaker 1>It's like the work abode of, you know, of an

0:19:25.240 --> 0:19:28.399
<v Speaker 1>obsessed scientist. Right. Sorry, I was just looking up the

0:19:28.480 --> 0:19:32.520
<v Speaker 1>names of some fly parasites. There's some great ones. One

0:19:32.600 --> 0:19:34.480
<v Speaker 1>that I was seeing referenced in a lot of research

0:19:34.600 --> 0:19:40.600
<v Speaker 1>is called Spellingia CAMEROONI Perkins, Perkins, Perkins, the Perkins parasite.

0:19:41.280 --> 0:19:42.840
<v Speaker 1>So you get a bit of that in there too.

0:19:43.000 --> 0:19:45.840
<v Speaker 1>All right, So you have all this stuff, but potentially

0:19:45.920 --> 0:19:49.120
<v Speaker 1>in the telepod with brundle with this even this fly

0:19:49.280 --> 0:19:51.600
<v Speaker 1>thrown in the mix as well. And the computer that

0:19:51.720 --> 0:19:56.840
<v Speaker 1>is managing this this transport of of the individual and

0:19:56.880 --> 0:19:59.720
<v Speaker 1>the individuals across the room to the other telepod or

0:19:59.760 --> 0:20:02.480
<v Speaker 1>the other telepods. Uh, you know, it's having to handle

0:20:02.560 --> 0:20:04.959
<v Speaker 1>all of this information on top of just like the

0:20:04.960 --> 0:20:09.800
<v Speaker 1>basic atom, something like a trillion trillion atoms or more. Yeah,

0:20:09.880 --> 0:20:11.840
<v Speaker 1>this is another thing that I mean, if we want

0:20:11.840 --> 0:20:14.640
<v Speaker 1>to get serious about teleportation for a second, I would

0:20:14.720 --> 0:20:18.360
<v Speaker 1>argue that it is essentially impossible. Right. First of all,

0:20:18.800 --> 0:20:22.040
<v Speaker 1>the amount of energy that it would take to disassemble

0:20:22.160 --> 0:20:25.160
<v Speaker 1>your body and then reassemble it in another place is

0:20:25.240 --> 0:20:30.640
<v Speaker 1>just unfathomable. Um. But also like how would the information

0:20:30.680 --> 0:20:34.000
<v Speaker 1>be managed? It's too much information to sample and keep

0:20:34.040 --> 0:20:37.080
<v Speaker 1>track of. I think teleportation, I'm sorry to say, it's

0:20:37.119 --> 0:20:41.880
<v Speaker 1>just not a technologically feasible proposition, even in the distant future. Right.

0:20:42.280 --> 0:20:44.000
<v Speaker 1>Of course, if you watch enough science fiction about it,

0:20:44.040 --> 0:20:49.520
<v Speaker 1>you probably feel pretty okay about that, because because teleporter mishaps, uh,

0:20:49.760 --> 0:20:52.639
<v Speaker 1>they kind of compose one of my favorite like subgenres

0:20:52.720 --> 0:20:55.760
<v Speaker 1>or subsub genres of science fiction. Like I'm a big

0:20:55.800 --> 0:20:59.840
<v Speaker 1>fan of Stephen King's The Jaunt, which is a different

0:21:00.359 --> 0:21:03.280
<v Speaker 1>and maybe in some ways more possible. I don't know,

0:21:03.560 --> 0:21:05.480
<v Speaker 1>it's a different take on it. For sure that we

0:21:05.720 --> 0:21:09.320
<v Speaker 1>would require a different episode to break down the science off.

0:21:09.359 --> 0:21:11.359
<v Speaker 1>We shouldn't spoil that one, but that that is a

0:21:11.400 --> 0:21:14.439
<v Speaker 1>great horrifying short story. Yeah. Uh. The other one I

0:21:14.480 --> 0:21:17.560
<v Speaker 1>think of is in Spaceballs, when the guy gets his

0:21:17.560 --> 0:21:20.840
<v Speaker 1>his butt on his front, it gets the bottom half

0:21:20.880 --> 0:21:24.200
<v Speaker 1>of his body backwards. Oh man, I haven't seen Spaceballs

0:21:24.200 --> 0:21:26.080
<v Speaker 1>in a very long time, so I forgot all about that.

0:21:26.840 --> 0:21:29.760
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, there you find example Star Trek. Of course

0:21:30.520 --> 0:21:34.399
<v Speaker 1>you had had regular use of teleportation technology and occasionally

0:21:34.440 --> 0:21:38.000
<v Speaker 1>would explore mishaps in interesting ways. But even if it's

0:21:38.040 --> 0:21:40.880
<v Speaker 1>not malfunctioning, I mean, I think something that is at

0:21:40.920 --> 0:21:43.480
<v Speaker 1>some point explored on Star Trek. I don't I've heard

0:21:43.520 --> 0:21:45.840
<v Speaker 1>they get there at some point of people contemplating the

0:21:45.880 --> 0:21:48.679
<v Speaker 1>fact that what's really happening every time you are teleported

0:21:48.800 --> 0:21:51.320
<v Speaker 1>is that you die and a new version of you

0:21:51.520 --> 0:21:54.439
<v Speaker 1>is created. So it's like your consciousness does not survive

0:21:54.520 --> 0:21:57.840
<v Speaker 1>the process. You are disintegrated, and then there's just a

0:21:57.880 --> 0:22:00.600
<v Speaker 1>copy of you, and that that copy if you goes

0:22:00.680 --> 0:22:03.760
<v Speaker 1>on with your business. Yeah, if I remember correctly, there's

0:22:03.800 --> 0:22:07.560
<v Speaker 1>an episode of the like nineties reboot of The Outer

0:22:07.680 --> 0:22:12.679
<v Speaker 1>Limits that explores this as well. Um, but yeah, that's

0:22:12.680 --> 0:22:14.359
<v Speaker 1>a whole other side to it too. Yeah, the idea

0:22:14.400 --> 0:22:17.199
<v Speaker 1>that every time you teleport, you die. But then I

0:22:17.240 --> 0:22:19.240
<v Speaker 1>guess again, on the other hand, every time you teleport

0:22:19.280 --> 0:22:22.240
<v Speaker 1>you were reborn. Uh sure, well it might be great

0:22:22.280 --> 0:22:24.240
<v Speaker 1>for the version of you that's reborn, but that's not

0:22:24.440 --> 0:22:26.520
<v Speaker 1>that doesn't get to be you. You're done. Yeah, well,

0:22:26.600 --> 0:22:29.040
<v Speaker 1>well but you know he was annihilated down to the

0:22:29.200 --> 0:22:33.479
<v Speaker 1>flast atom, so you know, he was completely recycled. So anyway,

0:22:33.560 --> 0:22:36.240
<v Speaker 1>just just contemplating like the sheer number of life forms

0:22:36.280 --> 0:22:37.960
<v Speaker 1>that would have been in that telepod. I think it's

0:22:38.000 --> 0:22:42.399
<v Speaker 1>just a fun um, you know, intellectual exercise, and also

0:22:42.480 --> 0:22:46.159
<v Speaker 1>creates all sorts of new horrible scenarios, like, indeed, what

0:22:46.280 --> 0:22:48.560
<v Speaker 1>if you weren't just merging a fly in a human

0:22:48.920 --> 0:22:51.800
<v Speaker 1>together into one being. What if it was all of

0:22:51.840 --> 0:22:54.960
<v Speaker 1>those things? What if it was just cut the fly out,

0:22:55.000 --> 0:22:57.320
<v Speaker 1>the flies shoot out of the pod before it goes off.

0:22:57.440 --> 0:23:00.360
<v Speaker 1>What if it's just Brundle and his micro I am

0:23:00.480 --> 0:23:03.840
<v Speaker 1>all the occupants of the microbiome being fused into one

0:23:04.000 --> 0:23:08.639
<v Speaker 1>life form Brundle hyphen E cole I. Yeah, yeah, plus

0:23:08.640 --> 0:23:12.119
<v Speaker 1>it's us everything else, it's it's it's crazy again. I

0:23:12.520 --> 0:23:15.960
<v Speaker 1>love just trying to imagine what that consists of. Now

0:23:16.000 --> 0:23:19.120
<v Speaker 1>here's another question that I think comes up. There's, of course,

0:23:19.119 --> 0:23:21.879
<v Speaker 1>when when he's trying to figure out what happened in

0:23:21.920 --> 0:23:24.480
<v Speaker 1>the movie, he's asking the computer in that wonderful way

0:23:24.480 --> 0:23:28.399
<v Speaker 1>that like, uh, nineteen eighties computers functioned in science fiction

0:23:28.400 --> 0:23:30.400
<v Speaker 1>where you could just have conversations with them. Yeah, they're

0:23:30.440 --> 0:23:34.600
<v Speaker 1>just a natural language input and response system. You know

0:23:34.640 --> 0:23:37.840
<v Speaker 1>what movie also does that? The thing? Do you remember

0:23:37.880 --> 0:23:40.320
<v Speaker 1>in the remake of the Thing, when Wilfred Brimley is

0:23:40.359 --> 0:23:43.679
<v Speaker 1>like asking questions and here he's like how long before

0:23:43.760 --> 0:23:47.000
<v Speaker 1>all humans on Earth are infected? And it's like it

0:23:47.040 --> 0:23:49.320
<v Speaker 1>gives him a time frame and then he gets the idea.

0:23:49.400 --> 0:23:51.720
<v Speaker 1>He's like, well, we're not getting out of here. That

0:23:51.800 --> 0:23:55.000
<v Speaker 1>was used in Alien as well. Remember was it mother

0:23:55.280 --> 0:23:58.639
<v Speaker 1>that they would have conversations with? That's right, yes, see,

0:23:58.760 --> 0:24:00.159
<v Speaker 1>this is what I want to see come back in

0:24:00.200 --> 0:24:02.600
<v Speaker 1>science fiction. I want to see computers like that where

0:24:02.600 --> 0:24:05.680
<v Speaker 1>people type in questions and they're given answers right there

0:24:05.720 --> 0:24:08.400
<v Speaker 1>on the screen, but the answers are a little stilted,

0:24:08.560 --> 0:24:10.959
<v Speaker 1>you know, it's not it's not perfect, but yeah, it's

0:24:11.080 --> 0:24:14.480
<v Speaker 1>natural language for some reason. So when when he asked

0:24:14.920 --> 0:24:17.119
<v Speaker 1>about what happening, looks into it he sees, okay, there

0:24:17.160 --> 0:24:19.080
<v Speaker 1>was a fly in there, and then he asked, was

0:24:19.200 --> 0:24:23.359
<v Speaker 1>the fly absorbed by Brundle And then the computer says no, uh,

0:24:23.400 --> 0:24:27.080
<v Speaker 1>they were merged for some confusion, something to that effect.

0:24:27.640 --> 0:24:30.199
<v Speaker 1>But it makes me wonder, Okay, what if you had

0:24:30.200 --> 0:24:34.160
<v Speaker 1>Brundle get into the telepod and he goes from telepod

0:24:34.280 --> 0:24:37.440
<v Speaker 1>A to Telepod B and in the process maybe I

0:24:37.480 --> 0:24:40.679
<v Speaker 1>guess the microbiome wasn't factored into the equation. And what

0:24:40.760 --> 0:24:45.200
<v Speaker 1>if the microbiome is annihilated, shot over to another pod,

0:24:45.760 --> 0:24:48.160
<v Speaker 1>or somehow absorbed in a way that makes it completely

0:24:48.160 --> 0:24:53.200
<v Speaker 1>go away, and you just have Brundle human coming out

0:24:53.240 --> 0:24:55.840
<v Speaker 1>on the other end. What would that be like? Well,

0:24:55.920 --> 0:24:58.280
<v Speaker 1>he would not be the only organism that's ever been

0:24:58.320 --> 0:25:00.800
<v Speaker 1>through this. In fact, this is a condition that's sometimes

0:25:00.880 --> 0:25:03.560
<v Speaker 1>used in the lab to study the effects of the microbiome.

0:25:03.920 --> 0:25:06.840
<v Speaker 1>I think we've talked on the show before about research using,

0:25:06.880 --> 0:25:11.080
<v Speaker 1>for example, germ free mice. This is sometimes called nobiosis

0:25:11.200 --> 0:25:15.000
<v Speaker 1>or nobiotic conditions, where it just means like when you

0:25:15.119 --> 0:25:18.960
<v Speaker 1>have control and knowledge of all of the life forms

0:25:19.000 --> 0:25:22.919
<v Speaker 1>living within one larger life form, and often control and

0:25:22.960 --> 0:25:25.840
<v Speaker 1>knowledge of that would mean that there are none in there. Um.

0:25:26.000 --> 0:25:28.359
<v Speaker 1>So yeah, you can create germ free mice that have

0:25:28.560 --> 0:25:32.639
<v Speaker 1>no microbiome. They're sterile, they're just mice. There's no bacteria,

0:25:32.680 --> 0:25:36.120
<v Speaker 1>there's no archaea living in or on them, and this

0:25:36.200 --> 0:25:38.600
<v Speaker 1>has some very strange effects. I think we actually talked

0:25:38.600 --> 0:25:41.439
<v Speaker 1>about one study looking at this in our episode on

0:25:41.480 --> 0:25:45.000
<v Speaker 1>the Tingler when we were talking about indo parasites and fear,

0:25:45.280 --> 0:25:46.639
<v Speaker 1>and I guess I don't know if it would make

0:25:46.680 --> 0:25:50.200
<v Speaker 1>sense to talk about the the internal microbiome is a parasite,

0:25:50.200 --> 0:25:52.720
<v Speaker 1>but whatever, you know, the symbiosis and and fear. Well,

0:25:52.760 --> 0:25:56.080
<v Speaker 1>sometimes the line between parasite and symbiosis is less easy

0:25:56.160 --> 0:25:59.120
<v Speaker 1>to define anyway, and sometimes there is there's change over

0:25:59.160 --> 0:26:01.480
<v Speaker 1>time in that relationship. That's an extremely good point. I'll

0:26:01.520 --> 0:26:02.960
<v Speaker 1>come back to that in just a second. But the

0:26:03.000 --> 0:26:06.640
<v Speaker 1>example from the Tinkler episode was that it turns out

0:26:06.720 --> 0:26:10.680
<v Speaker 1>that for some reason, in mice that are germ free,

0:26:10.680 --> 0:26:13.679
<v Speaker 1>if they don't have a functioning microbiome like a normal

0:26:14.160 --> 0:26:18.320
<v Speaker 1>mouse would they have inhibited fear response. They have trouble

0:26:18.400 --> 0:26:22.080
<v Speaker 1>associating specific memories with the fear response, so they do

0:26:22.160 --> 0:26:26.159
<v Speaker 1>not generate fear of things the same way normal mice do.

0:26:27.040 --> 0:26:30.560
<v Speaker 1>Isn't that strange? Why would the why would the gut

0:26:30.600 --> 0:26:34.159
<v Speaker 1>flora have anything to say about you being able to

0:26:34.240 --> 0:26:37.960
<v Speaker 1>learn to be afraid of things? Yeah? I mean this

0:26:37.960 --> 0:26:40.400
<v Speaker 1>this really gets down to, like what is so important

0:26:40.440 --> 0:26:44.000
<v Speaker 1>and exciting about the microbiome research is that you know,

0:26:44.440 --> 0:26:46.040
<v Speaker 1>we were talking about this a little before we came

0:26:46.080 --> 0:26:48.480
<v Speaker 1>in here. Um, it's been pointed out there, like the

0:26:48.960 --> 0:26:51.639
<v Speaker 1>real importance of the microbiome, right, placing it on the

0:26:51.680 --> 0:26:54.840
<v Speaker 1>same level as like an organ, seems to come online

0:26:54.840 --> 0:26:58.760
<v Speaker 1>more in like the late nineties, Um, after this film certainly.

0:26:59.240 --> 0:27:02.320
<v Speaker 1>But the idea that that the micro organisms were important

0:27:02.359 --> 0:27:04.800
<v Speaker 1>to life that predates that I saw like a quote

0:27:04.800 --> 0:27:07.320
<v Speaker 1>from Louis Pasture for example. It's pointing this out that,

0:27:07.480 --> 0:27:12.040
<v Speaker 1>like it's that that micro organisms are vital for human life. Oh. Absolutely.

0:27:12.040 --> 0:27:14.400
<v Speaker 1>And one thing that I think is worth pointing out.

0:27:14.400 --> 0:27:16.639
<v Speaker 1>I mean, they're all kinds of things that are are

0:27:16.720 --> 0:27:20.359
<v Speaker 1>microbiotic do for us. One thing is related to you

0:27:20.400 --> 0:27:24.720
<v Speaker 1>talking about the line between parasitism and just an endosymbiosis.

0:27:25.359 --> 0:27:31.320
<v Speaker 1>Our immune systems are trained by constantly being an interaction

0:27:31.400 --> 0:27:34.520
<v Speaker 1>with the microbiome. Uh. And so there are tons of

0:27:34.840 --> 0:27:37.800
<v Speaker 1>you know, micro organisms in and on our body that

0:27:37.840 --> 0:27:40.199
<v Speaker 1>are not harmful to us, but they live in a

0:27:40.320 --> 0:27:43.560
<v Speaker 1>kind of uneasy alliance within the immune system that they

0:27:43.600 --> 0:27:46.879
<v Speaker 1>are managed buy And that's a lot of what our

0:27:46.920 --> 0:27:49.719
<v Speaker 1>immune system does. Our immune system is not just you know,

0:27:49.880 --> 0:27:53.560
<v Speaker 1>fighting the flu when you get infected. It's also managing

0:27:53.600 --> 0:27:57.600
<v Speaker 1>the body's relationship with its microbiota. Yeah, so it's not

0:27:57.920 --> 0:28:00.040
<v Speaker 1>it's not just say, you know, the Roman allegiance and

0:28:00.119 --> 0:28:02.800
<v Speaker 1>out to conquer territory or to fight an adversary. It

0:28:02.880 --> 0:28:06.239
<v Speaker 1>is the it is a like a police force. So

0:28:06.480 --> 0:28:09.240
<v Speaker 1>looking around a little bit about this, obviously, the scenario

0:28:09.520 --> 0:28:12.240
<v Speaker 1>of all your microbiome being teleported out of you is

0:28:12.240 --> 0:28:15.879
<v Speaker 1>not realistic. No, and you would not want that to happen.

0:28:16.359 --> 0:28:18.760
<v Speaker 1>But I do wonder like, is that something that would

0:28:18.760 --> 0:28:22.000
<v Speaker 1>just pretty much be immediate death? I mean, is it

0:28:22.080 --> 0:28:24.520
<v Speaker 1>something you could survive? Well, you know, I was looking

0:28:24.520 --> 0:28:27.240
<v Speaker 1>at an article that deals this a little bit, uh,

0:28:27.359 --> 0:28:30.800
<v Speaker 1>titled life in a World without Microbes by Gilbert and Newfeld,

0:28:30.840 --> 0:28:35.199
<v Speaker 1>published in Plos Biology, and uh, the authors are mainly

0:28:35.240 --> 0:28:38.840
<v Speaker 1>dealing with really and even you know, you know, larger scenario.

0:28:38.880 --> 0:28:42.680
<v Speaker 1>They're looking at, what if all the you know, um

0:28:42.720 --> 0:28:45.760
<v Speaker 1>micro biological life, all all the bacteria on Earth were

0:28:45.840 --> 0:28:48.040
<v Speaker 1>to just perish. What would happen? That would not be good?

0:28:48.120 --> 0:28:50.200
<v Speaker 1>That it would it would not be good. But they

0:28:50.240 --> 0:28:53.120
<v Speaker 1>write that it would quote be false to claim that

0:28:53.440 --> 0:28:58.160
<v Speaker 1>macroscopic life cannot exist without microbes. However, although life would

0:28:58.160 --> 0:29:01.840
<v Speaker 1>persist in the absence of micro robes, both the quantity

0:29:01.960 --> 0:29:06.280
<v Speaker 1>and quality of life would be reduced dramatically. So they

0:29:06.360 --> 0:29:09.960
<v Speaker 1>write that humans could get by fine without microbes. Certainly

0:29:10.000 --> 0:29:12.360
<v Speaker 1>for a few days. We probably wouldn't even notice it,

0:29:12.680 --> 0:29:14.680
<v Speaker 1>and you know, we can would continue to be able

0:29:14.720 --> 0:29:17.880
<v Speaker 1>to eat and digest food, they point out. But uh,

0:29:17.920 --> 0:29:20.120
<v Speaker 1>their main focus of course on this is the idea

0:29:20.280 --> 0:29:23.840
<v Speaker 1>that all the you know, the the the the microbiotic

0:29:24.080 --> 0:29:26.520
<v Speaker 1>population of the world would be wiped out. And if

0:29:26.520 --> 0:29:28.560
<v Speaker 1>that were to take place, they think it would lead

0:29:28.560 --> 0:29:32.280
<v Speaker 1>to societal collapse in about a year, with pockets of

0:29:32.360 --> 0:29:35.920
<v Speaker 1>humans surviving for perhaps centuries after that. So, you know,

0:29:36.000 --> 0:29:39.920
<v Speaker 1>generations of humans would continue to live on but that

0:29:40.360 --> 0:29:43.640
<v Speaker 1>ultimately they would probably die out as well. Every single

0:29:43.720 --> 0:29:49.280
<v Speaker 1>natural ecosystem depends on microbes, and without their activities, every

0:29:49.320 --> 0:29:53.600
<v Speaker 1>ecosystem would begin to break down. Now, as for the

0:29:53.680 --> 0:30:00.440
<v Speaker 1>individual brundle, the what the the nobiotic brundle um, it's

0:30:00.480 --> 0:30:02.240
<v Speaker 1>it seems like he would he would probably be fine,

0:30:02.560 --> 0:30:06.000
<v Speaker 1>He might even feel pretty good but at first, but

0:30:06.120 --> 0:30:09.280
<v Speaker 1>he would he would almost certainly need to repopulate his

0:30:09.360 --> 0:30:13.560
<v Speaker 1>body with with microbiota, uh, you know, And we see examples,

0:30:13.560 --> 0:30:15.960
<v Speaker 1>of course, cases where people say I have part of

0:30:15.960 --> 0:30:19.320
<v Speaker 1>their gut floor wiped out by antibiotics, um or some

0:30:19.360 --> 0:30:21.880
<v Speaker 1>other condition, they're able to to, you know, to use

0:30:21.920 --> 0:30:25.480
<v Speaker 1>something like a fecal transplant, for example, to reintroduce the

0:30:25.560 --> 0:30:29.360
<v Speaker 1>necessary uh microbes into the gut. And of course there

0:30:29.360 --> 0:30:33.160
<v Speaker 1>are other you know, like probiotic techniques as well. So

0:30:33.560 --> 0:30:35.480
<v Speaker 1>you know, I don't think his condition would be hopeless

0:30:36.040 --> 0:30:39.000
<v Speaker 1>or anything. Uh probably would not make an interesting movie.

0:30:39.800 --> 0:30:42.320
<v Speaker 1>Would not be healthy to stay that way again, I mean,

0:30:42.360 --> 0:30:45.880
<v Speaker 1>it would probably have some drastically negative effects on the

0:30:45.880 --> 0:30:48.960
<v Speaker 1>immune response. Right. So certainly if he was like, oh,

0:30:48.960 --> 0:30:50.720
<v Speaker 1>I feel great, and I'm you know, I'm glad I

0:30:50.760 --> 0:30:53.000
<v Speaker 1>got all those microbes out of my body, and then

0:30:53.000 --> 0:30:55.040
<v Speaker 1>he were to, like say, do it on a weekly basis,

0:30:55.640 --> 0:30:57.880
<v Speaker 1>that would not be good. All Right, on that note,

0:30:57.880 --> 0:30:59.680
<v Speaker 1>we're gonna take another break. But when we come back

0:31:00.040 --> 0:31:02.040
<v Speaker 1>to discuss a little bit. We've been a lot of

0:31:02.040 --> 0:31:04.680
<v Speaker 1>time already talking about what could go wrong with teleportation,

0:31:04.720 --> 0:31:08.000
<v Speaker 1>and certainly that is kind of the the central exploration

0:31:08.080 --> 0:31:10.360
<v Speaker 1>of the film itself. But after the break, I want

0:31:10.360 --> 0:31:18.000
<v Speaker 1>to talk about what could potentially go right, Alright, we're back,

0:31:18.240 --> 0:31:20.200
<v Speaker 1>all right. So we were talking about how in the

0:31:20.200 --> 0:31:24.360
<v Speaker 1>Fly remake, when Seth Brundel Jeff Goldblum first comes out

0:31:24.400 --> 0:31:27.400
<v Speaker 1>of the telepod the first time he teleports himself, he

0:31:27.480 --> 0:31:31.760
<v Speaker 1>thinks that it has done something wonderful for him. We

0:31:31.800 --> 0:31:35.160
<v Speaker 1>we compared him to somebody on cocaine, just like thinking

0:31:35.240 --> 0:31:38.480
<v Speaker 1>I am a golden god. That's right. I mean, he's

0:31:38.480 --> 0:31:42.000
<v Speaker 1>just completely renewed, full of optimism. He's just he's just

0:31:42.080 --> 0:31:47.080
<v Speaker 1>on fire. He's also though, I mean, it makes him aggressive, unreasonable, manic,

0:31:47.680 --> 0:31:51.160
<v Speaker 1>and increasingly so with time. Yeah. But but at first

0:31:51.160 --> 0:31:53.400
<v Speaker 1>he's convinced that this has been I mean, it's been

0:31:53.480 --> 0:31:56.840
<v Speaker 1>kind of a plasma pool baptism. He's been reborn and

0:31:56.880 --> 0:32:00.959
<v Speaker 1>you know when he's again, when he starts accusing Ronnie

0:32:01.000 --> 0:32:03.440
<v Speaker 1>of of not being you know, into the idea. You know,

0:32:03.440 --> 0:32:05.640
<v Speaker 1>he's saying, Oh, you're afraid of the plasma pool. You're

0:32:05.640 --> 0:32:08.040
<v Speaker 1>afraid to be destroyed and remade in it, you know.

0:32:08.440 --> 0:32:10.760
<v Speaker 1>Uh and in this kind of you know, echoing you know,

0:32:10.880 --> 0:32:16.240
<v Speaker 1>religious concepts of rebirth, of death and rebirth and renewal. Uh. So,

0:32:17.240 --> 0:32:19.120
<v Speaker 1>you know, I think it's gonna it would be interesting

0:32:19.160 --> 0:32:22.040
<v Speaker 1>to discuss this a little bit, like how how could

0:32:22.440 --> 0:32:27.680
<v Speaker 1>a teleportation scenario like this potentially leave you feeling like

0:32:27.720 --> 0:32:30.520
<v Speaker 1>you're a new person or a renewed person. I think

0:32:30.520 --> 0:32:33.560
<v Speaker 1>one of the other things to look at is Okay, certainly,

0:32:33.600 --> 0:32:36.840
<v Speaker 1>I think the most likely scenario, again, assuming the teleportation

0:32:36.920 --> 0:32:41.200
<v Speaker 1>goes off flawlessly, no fly parts, no merging your body

0:32:41.240 --> 0:32:44.720
<v Speaker 1>with any coli or anything like that, you just emerge

0:32:45.440 --> 0:32:48.320
<v Speaker 1>what you were before, except you feel different, You feel renewed.

0:32:48.880 --> 0:32:51.160
<v Speaker 1>And uh and I think you know this is the

0:32:51.160 --> 0:32:54.680
<v Speaker 1>case where clearly Brundle need not actually be any different

0:32:54.760 --> 0:32:58.960
<v Speaker 1>to feel differently. You know, just look two examples of

0:32:59.000 --> 0:33:02.600
<v Speaker 1>religious rights of baptism and faith healing. For example, the

0:33:02.640 --> 0:33:07.280
<v Speaker 1>telepod experience might work absolutely perfectly, which means you're no

0:33:07.480 --> 0:33:09.760
<v Speaker 1>different than you know, when you emerge on the other

0:33:09.840 --> 0:33:12.600
<v Speaker 1>side than when you'd uh you know, first climbed in.

0:33:12.880 --> 0:33:15.080
<v Speaker 1>And the same could be said when you were, say,

0:33:15.120 --> 0:33:17.800
<v Speaker 1>baptized at a church, or when you're touched by a

0:33:17.840 --> 0:33:20.800
<v Speaker 1>faith healer like a televangelist or something you know, uh,

0:33:20.840 --> 0:33:23.160
<v Speaker 1>you know, outside of you know, obviously you could be

0:33:23.160 --> 0:33:26.320
<v Speaker 1>introduced to some new microbes in either of those cases,

0:33:26.600 --> 0:33:28.880
<v Speaker 1>in any of these cases, but other than that, you're

0:33:28.960 --> 0:33:30.600
<v Speaker 1>still going to be pretty much the same. But you

0:33:30.640 --> 0:33:34.280
<v Speaker 1>could feel elated. You could even feel like your pain

0:33:34.320 --> 0:33:37.880
<v Speaker 1>has been relieved or your body has been healed because

0:33:37.960 --> 0:33:41.240
<v Speaker 1>you know, naturally, as humans, we encounter physical illnesses, and

0:33:41.280 --> 0:33:45.360
<v Speaker 1>we encounter you know, psychological barriers of varying form, origin,

0:33:45.400 --> 0:33:47.880
<v Speaker 1>and resiliency, and depending on what the issue is, we

0:33:47.880 --> 0:33:51.080
<v Speaker 1>have a great number of science based treatments and cures. Uh.

0:33:51.240 --> 0:33:54.440
<v Speaker 1>We have powerful psychological tools as well, but we also

0:33:54.720 --> 0:33:58.360
<v Speaker 1>readily engage in practices that rest on, you know, many

0:33:58.360 --> 0:34:01.880
<v Speaker 1>times very shaky scientific ground or they just fall just

0:34:01.960 --> 0:34:05.480
<v Speaker 1>flat into the domain of ritual, written religion and superstition

0:34:06.800 --> 0:34:08.799
<v Speaker 1>and UH and a lot of us do this, uh.

0:34:08.920 --> 0:34:11.319
<v Speaker 1>Their varying stats on this, I think, but one once

0:34:11.360 --> 0:34:12.960
<v Speaker 1>that I was looking at came from a two thousand

0:34:13.040 --> 0:34:17.320
<v Speaker 1>sixteen Baylor University epidemiology study. They found that nearly nine

0:34:17.320 --> 0:34:20.680
<v Speaker 1>out of ten Americans have relied upon healing prayer at

0:34:20.719 --> 0:34:23.680
<v Speaker 1>some point in their lives. Now, most of these individuals

0:34:24.040 --> 0:34:28.040
<v Speaker 1>do so alongside actual medical care UM, and I've seen

0:34:28.080 --> 0:34:31.000
<v Speaker 1>cases where embracing both has been argued to help push

0:34:31.040 --> 0:34:35.440
<v Speaker 1>medical care and say, highly religious places UM. But this

0:34:35.480 --> 0:34:40.000
<v Speaker 1>particular study didn't tackle the perceived success of of healing prayer.

0:34:40.440 --> 0:34:42.640
<v Speaker 1>Though a lot of studies have weighed in on this question,

0:34:42.680 --> 0:34:46.680
<v Speaker 1>some quite controversially. Some some critics in the scientific community

0:34:46.719 --> 0:34:49.840
<v Speaker 1>have have urged the end of clinical trials for quote,

0:34:50.000 --> 0:34:54.680
<v Speaker 1>highly implausible treatments UM, because you know, well you can

0:34:54.760 --> 0:34:57.239
<v Speaker 1>argue that there there there may be room for some

0:34:57.320 --> 0:35:00.759
<v Speaker 1>alternative medical treatments to actually work reasons that we don't

0:35:00.800 --> 0:35:03.759
<v Speaker 1>quite understand yet scientifically. You know, be a some sort

0:35:03.760 --> 0:35:08.960
<v Speaker 1>of you know rare um HERB that's used traditionally somewhere,

0:35:08.960 --> 0:35:11.480
<v Speaker 1>and maybe scientists just haven't explored it enough to see

0:35:12.040 --> 0:35:15.400
<v Speaker 1>it actually has some sort of of an effect. UM.

0:35:15.480 --> 0:35:18.880
<v Speaker 1>And you can argue that some rituals have psychological virtue

0:35:18.880 --> 0:35:21.040
<v Speaker 1>for a variety of reasons, such perhaps you know, perhaps

0:35:21.040 --> 0:35:24.560
<v Speaker 1>they have elements of mindfulness to them and that that's useful.

0:35:25.120 --> 0:35:27.480
<v Speaker 1>But a lot of this stuff ultimately ends up working

0:35:27.560 --> 0:35:30.600
<v Speaker 1>to some degree because of the placebo effect. Sure, and

0:35:30.719 --> 0:35:34.000
<v Speaker 1>that's one thing where I think even if you believe, say,

0:35:34.040 --> 0:35:38.480
<v Speaker 1>in some cases prayer works like intercessory prayer changes outcomes,

0:35:38.520 --> 0:35:40.600
<v Speaker 1>you would you would have to still acknowledge that in

0:35:40.640 --> 0:35:44.000
<v Speaker 1>some cases it's also going to be due to placebo effect,

0:35:44.040 --> 0:35:46.280
<v Speaker 1>and you aren't always going to know which is which,

0:35:47.080 --> 0:35:50.240
<v Speaker 1>Like we know the placebo effect happens either way. Yeah,

0:35:50.440 --> 0:35:52.200
<v Speaker 1>But then the weird thing about placebo effect is you

0:35:52.200 --> 0:35:53.520
<v Speaker 1>also have to kind of you have to believe in

0:35:53.560 --> 0:35:56.640
<v Speaker 1>it for it to work, um or you have to

0:35:56.680 --> 0:35:59.840
<v Speaker 1>believe in the thing that is working via the placebo effect.

0:35:59.840 --> 0:36:01.920
<v Speaker 1>You I just I mean, I don't know, I get

0:36:01.960 --> 0:36:03.920
<v Speaker 1>if you could just believe in the placebo effect and

0:36:03.960 --> 0:36:07.360
<v Speaker 1>just be like, oh, mighty placebo effect, heal my my

0:36:07.440 --> 0:36:11.960
<v Speaker 1>body pains. But anyway, well, I mean, there are some

0:36:12.000 --> 0:36:15.799
<v Speaker 1>things that I would say, are they're gonna have placebo

0:36:15.960 --> 0:36:21.400
<v Speaker 1>like implications that transcend just your your personal cognitive beliefs

0:36:21.400 --> 0:36:24.640
<v Speaker 1>are awareness. Like, uh, one example I would use is

0:36:24.680 --> 0:36:28.760
<v Speaker 1>that you talk about faith healing scenarios and how sometimes

0:36:28.800 --> 0:36:30.960
<v Speaker 1>people go to a faith healer get hands laid on

0:36:31.000 --> 0:36:33.680
<v Speaker 1>them and they actually feel better. They're like, my pain

0:36:33.719 --> 0:36:38.040
<v Speaker 1>went away. Oftentimes it returns soon thereafter, but it does

0:36:38.120 --> 0:36:40.120
<v Speaker 1>really seem to go away for a short time. And

0:36:40.160 --> 0:36:42.160
<v Speaker 1>I would say something that's probably going on in a

0:36:42.160 --> 0:36:45.120
<v Speaker 1>lot of these cases is a high is a powerful

0:36:45.320 --> 0:36:48.719
<v Speaker 1>social effect. You're you're in a group with a lot

0:36:48.800 --> 0:36:52.719
<v Speaker 1>of people, and you are feeling profoundly socially included for

0:36:52.760 --> 0:36:55.799
<v Speaker 1>a moment, all these different people paying attention to you

0:36:56.160 --> 0:36:59.000
<v Speaker 1>and caring about your problem. That that is a profound

0:36:59.080 --> 0:37:01.920
<v Speaker 1>and somewhat rare situation to be in. Yeah, I mean,

0:37:02.160 --> 0:37:04.480
<v Speaker 1>in in some of those cases, to people are going

0:37:04.480 --> 0:37:06.719
<v Speaker 1>to tell you it's going to be okay, even if

0:37:07.000 --> 0:37:09.560
<v Speaker 1>it's probably maybe not going to be okay. But sometimes

0:37:09.560 --> 0:37:12.720
<v Speaker 1>nothing helps in the short term like a soothing voice

0:37:12.760 --> 0:37:16.000
<v Speaker 1>telling you that right right. Um, I mean I bet

0:37:16.040 --> 0:37:18.879
<v Speaker 1>almost everybody listening has had the feeling of like you're

0:37:18.920 --> 0:37:22.080
<v Speaker 1>worried about something something in your body, and you go

0:37:22.120 --> 0:37:24.879
<v Speaker 1>to the doctor and it's just like as soon as

0:37:24.920 --> 0:37:29.960
<v Speaker 1>the doctor tells you it's okay, your complaint just vanishes. Yeah, yeah,

0:37:30.040 --> 0:37:32.480
<v Speaker 1>I've I've had that experience where and then later someone says,

0:37:32.480 --> 0:37:33.840
<v Speaker 1>well what did they say, and they're like, I don't know.

0:37:33.880 --> 0:37:35.920
<v Speaker 1>I kind of stopped listening after they said everything was

0:37:35.960 --> 0:37:38.040
<v Speaker 1>all right, you know, or like it. It didn't like

0:37:38.080 --> 0:37:41.600
<v Speaker 1>I was so wrapped up in just the initial explanation

0:37:41.640 --> 0:37:45.359
<v Speaker 1>that I didn't so call the information in so at

0:37:45.360 --> 0:37:47.960
<v Speaker 1>any rate, we're not going to go into excessive detail

0:37:48.000 --> 0:37:50.399
<v Speaker 1>in the placebo effect. We've discussed it um in more

0:37:50.440 --> 0:37:53.560
<v Speaker 1>depth in the past. But uh, for this episode, I

0:37:53.600 --> 0:37:58.279
<v Speaker 1>was looking at great expectations the evolutionary psychology of faith

0:37:58.320 --> 0:38:02.120
<v Speaker 1>healing in the placebo effect by one Nicholas Humphreys, and

0:38:02.360 --> 0:38:05.080
<v Speaker 1>I thought he made for one thing, he made some

0:38:05.120 --> 0:38:09.719
<v Speaker 1>concise points about this entirely inward experience. Uh. He also

0:38:09.760 --> 0:38:12.680
<v Speaker 1>shared a wonderful quote from Plato at the beginning that

0:38:12.719 --> 0:38:16.200
<v Speaker 1>can be applied to our understanding of the placebo effect.

0:38:16.960 --> 0:38:19.799
<v Speaker 1>Plato wrote, I said that the cure itself is a

0:38:19.800 --> 0:38:22.560
<v Speaker 1>certain leaf, but in addition to the drug, there is

0:38:22.560 --> 0:38:26.200
<v Speaker 1>a certain charm, which is someone chance when he makes

0:38:26.280 --> 0:38:29.280
<v Speaker 1>use of it. The medicine altogether restores him to health.

0:38:29.800 --> 0:38:34.160
<v Speaker 1>But without the charm, there is no profit from the leaf. Well,

0:38:34.160 --> 0:38:36.080
<v Speaker 1>that would be a very good point. It would not

0:38:36.280 --> 0:38:41.040
<v Speaker 1>be helpful to slip somebody placebo pills. In order for

0:38:41.080 --> 0:38:44.279
<v Speaker 1>a placebo medication to be effective, the person needs to

0:38:44.320 --> 0:38:47.839
<v Speaker 1>be aware that it's being prescribed and to take it.

0:38:48.320 --> 0:38:49.920
<v Speaker 1>You can't do the thing you do to the dog,

0:38:50.000 --> 0:38:52.040
<v Speaker 1>where you like stick the tick pill and a bunch

0:38:52.080 --> 0:38:56.839
<v Speaker 1>of peanut butter or something exactly. Yeah, Humphries stresses. For

0:38:56.880 --> 0:38:59.400
<v Speaker 1>the placebo effect to work, the patient has to be

0:38:59.400 --> 0:39:01.239
<v Speaker 1>aware of the tree. Meant, they have to believe in

0:39:01.239 --> 0:39:04.560
<v Speaker 1>the treatment due to experience or reputation. They have to

0:39:04.640 --> 0:39:09.520
<v Speaker 1>expect improvements afterwards. And then these experiences, these expectations influence

0:39:09.600 --> 0:39:13.120
<v Speaker 1>the patient's capacity for self cure. So um, you know.

0:39:13.160 --> 0:39:15.400
<v Speaker 1>To bring it back to Brundle, uh, you know, Brundle

0:39:15.719 --> 0:39:18.880
<v Speaker 1>can't just be slipped through the telepod in his sleep.

0:39:19.040 --> 0:39:22.080
<v Speaker 1>He's knowingly going through it. He knows what is going

0:39:22.160 --> 0:39:24.160
<v Speaker 1>to happen, that his body is going to be taken

0:39:24.160 --> 0:39:27.840
<v Speaker 1>down and then reassembled. And then you know, either you know,

0:39:27.880 --> 0:39:33.520
<v Speaker 1>proactively or retroactively begins to uh as sign certain um

0:39:33.560 --> 0:39:37.879
<v Speaker 1>you know, ideas of of rebirth to that equation, where

0:39:37.880 --> 0:39:40.560
<v Speaker 1>does all that language come from? When he starts ranting,

0:39:41.000 --> 0:39:43.560
<v Speaker 1>it's as if he I mean, he's ranting quickly about

0:39:43.600 --> 0:39:46.080
<v Speaker 1>the plasma pool and everything. It's like he's already had

0:39:46.120 --> 0:39:49.080
<v Speaker 1>these phrases kicking around in his head. Right. Yeah, he's

0:39:49.080 --> 0:39:51.320
<v Speaker 1>been thinking about it, he just hasn't been ranting about

0:39:51.320 --> 0:39:54.680
<v Speaker 1>it to his um uh, to his girlfriend now. In

0:39:54.719 --> 0:39:58.400
<v Speaker 1>this paper, Humphreys ultimately explores the idea that was proposed

0:39:58.400 --> 0:40:02.080
<v Speaker 1>by others that the cebo effect we we see today,

0:40:02.200 --> 0:40:05.000
<v Speaker 1>uh you know, are seeming tendency to experience it and

0:40:05.040 --> 0:40:08.880
<v Speaker 1>its use in traditional healing rights throughout history means that

0:40:08.920 --> 0:40:11.480
<v Speaker 1>the placebo effect and may have been subject to strong

0:40:11.600 --> 0:40:17.040
<v Speaker 1>pressure from natural selection. Humphreys contends that the placebo effect

0:40:17.239 --> 0:40:22.280
<v Speaker 1>is probably not inherently adaptive because sometimes it is also maladaptive,

0:40:22.960 --> 0:40:26.000
<v Speaker 1>but that evolution may well have helped shape a talent

0:40:26.600 --> 0:40:30.680
<v Speaker 1>in humans for quote, a tradition of self deception and delusion,

0:40:31.200 --> 0:40:33.920
<v Speaker 1>because he points out that if you're feeling back pain

0:40:34.400 --> 0:40:36.400
<v Speaker 1>and then you take some snake oil and you feel

0:40:36.440 --> 0:40:40.640
<v Speaker 1>better afterwards, without you know, obviously, without actually healing the

0:40:40.719 --> 0:40:45.160
<v Speaker 1>underlying condition, you're missing the importance of the pain because quote,

0:40:45.160 --> 0:40:49.279
<v Speaker 1>your back pain was designed by natural selection to protect you.

0:40:50.160 --> 0:40:52.600
<v Speaker 1>It's warning you something is wrong and like, don't keep

0:40:52.640 --> 0:40:55.759
<v Speaker 1>putting pressure onto on that foot or something. Yeah, So

0:40:56.360 --> 0:40:58.960
<v Speaker 1>I thought that was an interesting and point, and it was.

0:40:59.239 --> 0:41:02.399
<v Speaker 1>It's interesting to think about, um, you know, the role

0:41:02.440 --> 0:41:04.480
<v Speaker 1>of natural selection to what extent it might have played

0:41:04.760 --> 0:41:08.480
<v Speaker 1>in the placebo effect and in our ability to self

0:41:08.520 --> 0:41:15.440
<v Speaker 1>deceive about about the curative properties of various non curative methods. Well,

0:41:15.480 --> 0:41:19.520
<v Speaker 1>obviously our brains have evolved to to be easily deceived

0:41:19.560 --> 0:41:23.439
<v Speaker 1>in certain scenarios, and it's interesting to study what those

0:41:23.440 --> 0:41:26.440
<v Speaker 1>scenarios are and try to figure out what evolutionary pressures

0:41:26.480 --> 0:41:29.279
<v Speaker 1>would have driven that. So obviously one way they work

0:41:29.400 --> 0:41:32.440
<v Speaker 1>is sometimes we can generate a kind of confidence that

0:41:32.560 --> 0:41:37.759
<v Speaker 1>overcomes negative physiological feedback. Uh, And there there must I mean,

0:41:37.800 --> 0:41:40.880
<v Speaker 1>you can imagine scenarios where that's also adaptive. Obviously, you

0:41:40.920 --> 0:41:44.520
<v Speaker 1>don't want to just be ignoring pain because pains useful information.

0:41:44.920 --> 0:41:46.719
<v Speaker 1>But on the other hand, you want the body to

0:41:46.719 --> 0:41:50.560
<v Speaker 1>have some kind of override mechanism. For said, when maybe

0:41:50.880 --> 0:41:53.400
<v Speaker 1>maybe your foot's in pain, you shouldn't be putting pressure

0:41:53.400 --> 0:41:55.520
<v Speaker 1>on it. But there's a tiger and you've got to

0:41:55.600 --> 0:41:58.880
<v Speaker 1>run right now. Obviously, it would not be advantageous for

0:41:58.880 --> 0:42:01.480
<v Speaker 1>the body to just in cyst on you staying put

0:42:01.480 --> 0:42:04.239
<v Speaker 1>even in that scenario. And there might be other scenarios

0:42:04.280 --> 0:42:07.280
<v Speaker 1>other than like immediate physical danger. There might be cases

0:42:07.320 --> 0:42:11.359
<v Speaker 1>where there are social signals, social cues that override our

0:42:11.440 --> 0:42:16.560
<v Speaker 1>natural physiological feedback mechanisms. Absolutely so, I think again, coming

0:42:16.600 --> 0:42:19.760
<v Speaker 1>back to the bundle scenario, you can well imagine someone

0:42:19.800 --> 0:42:23.919
<v Speaker 1>going through a telepod uh situation, teleporting their body being

0:42:23.960 --> 0:42:27.640
<v Speaker 1>destroyed and remade, and then feeling renewed about it even

0:42:27.719 --> 0:42:30.560
<v Speaker 1>if nothing has changed. They're still the same baseline person

0:42:30.600 --> 0:42:34.319
<v Speaker 1>they were before. Like I'm wondering, like, surely this idea

0:42:34.360 --> 0:42:36.560
<v Speaker 1>has been explored in science fiction before, Like maybe even

0:42:36.600 --> 0:42:39.920
<v Speaker 1>in Star Trek fiction, Like does someone get obsessed with

0:42:40.040 --> 0:42:42.239
<v Speaker 1>using the teleporter They're like I'm feeling a little down,

0:42:42.280 --> 0:42:44.800
<v Speaker 1>I'm going through the teleporter. We're just gonna gonna reset

0:42:44.840 --> 0:42:47.080
<v Speaker 1>for the day, Like that's better than a quick shower

0:42:47.200 --> 0:42:49.120
<v Speaker 1>or a power nap, right, But for the rest of

0:42:49.120 --> 0:42:51.600
<v Speaker 1>the episode, I thought we might explore just a few

0:42:51.800 --> 0:42:56.399
<v Speaker 1>you know, relatively briefly. I think, um, how going through

0:42:56.400 --> 0:43:01.120
<v Speaker 1>the teleporter could potentially actually change you actually uh you

0:43:01.160 --> 0:43:04.240
<v Speaker 1>know alter say, your your mind and your mood. Okay,

0:43:04.280 --> 0:43:06.600
<v Speaker 1>so that's made some kind of physical change to the

0:43:06.600 --> 0:43:11.359
<v Speaker 1>body and and now you are now brundle fly is different. Yeah.

0:43:11.400 --> 0:43:13.839
<v Speaker 1>So I think one way to look at, of course,

0:43:13.920 --> 0:43:18.440
<v Speaker 1>is neurological because again like the complexities of teleportation or

0:43:18.480 --> 0:43:22.560
<v Speaker 1>again just fantastic and uh and and and not really

0:43:22.600 --> 0:43:26.400
<v Speaker 1>realistic compared to you know, our understanding of science. But like,

0:43:26.480 --> 0:43:29.320
<v Speaker 1>how do you imagine just the moving of one mind

0:43:29.360 --> 0:43:32.160
<v Speaker 1>state from from here to there, from my brain, uh

0:43:32.200 --> 0:43:36.800
<v Speaker 1>to the other teleporter? Well it uh, teleportation naturally invites

0:43:36.920 --> 0:43:39.400
<v Speaker 1>questions about the connection between the mind and the physical

0:43:39.440 --> 0:43:43.560
<v Speaker 1>brain because again, you know, we were talking earlier about

0:43:43.560 --> 0:43:46.440
<v Speaker 1>the idea that teleportation would almost certainly kill you if

0:43:46.440 --> 0:43:48.839
<v Speaker 1>it could actually be done, and probably can't even be done.

0:43:48.920 --> 0:43:52.120
<v Speaker 1>But imagine you could be destroyed down to you know,

0:43:52.160 --> 0:43:55.360
<v Speaker 1>every last atom, disassembled and then rebuilt as a perfect

0:43:55.360 --> 0:43:58.560
<v Speaker 1>copy somewhere else. What reason do you have to believe

0:43:58.719 --> 0:44:02.480
<v Speaker 1>that your consciousness would be continued there instead of it's

0:44:02.560 --> 0:44:04.920
<v Speaker 1>just you know, lights out. This gets into the whole

0:44:04.920 --> 0:44:08.000
<v Speaker 1>ship of THESEUS situation, right, is the is the copy

0:44:08.000 --> 0:44:11.239
<v Speaker 1>of the original, etcetera. Yeah, when we've talked about this

0:44:11.320 --> 0:44:15.680
<v Speaker 1>in previous episodes with like the Donald Davidson Swampman thought experiment,

0:44:16.560 --> 0:44:19.560
<v Speaker 1>where you know your imagine you are struck by lightning

0:44:19.600 --> 0:44:23.640
<v Speaker 1>and a swamp and atomized, and then nearby a a

0:44:23.920 --> 0:44:27.080
<v Speaker 1>tree gets struck by lightning that rearranges its atoms in

0:44:27.120 --> 0:44:29.400
<v Speaker 1>a way that just happens to be an exact copy

0:44:29.560 --> 0:44:32.920
<v Speaker 1>of you down to including all of your memories and everything.

0:44:33.160 --> 0:44:37.239
<v Speaker 1>Davidson's question was, is that still you even if it

0:44:37.280 --> 0:44:39.920
<v Speaker 1>goes and recognizes all your friends and all that, but

0:44:40.080 --> 0:44:42.719
<v Speaker 1>that those atoms that body has never actually met your

0:44:42.760 --> 0:44:45.719
<v Speaker 1>friends before. It's just a coincidence. And I guess another

0:44:45.800 --> 0:44:48.279
<v Speaker 1>question to add on I don't think Davidson addresses this

0:44:48.360 --> 0:44:50.919
<v Speaker 1>is is there any reason to think that your consciousness

0:44:51.000 --> 0:44:53.839
<v Speaker 1>would continue and that other thing? And I don't know

0:44:53.880 --> 0:44:57.040
<v Speaker 1>if we have any reason to say it would. Yeah. Uh, Now,

0:44:57.080 --> 0:44:59.160
<v Speaker 1>I'm glad you brought up the lightning because because this

0:44:59.239 --> 0:45:01.239
<v Speaker 1>brings brings me to the next point I wanted to

0:45:01.280 --> 0:45:05.680
<v Speaker 1>make is that assuming you're the same person in Telepod

0:45:05.760 --> 0:45:07.879
<v Speaker 1>B that you were in Telepod A, and assuming that

0:45:08.040 --> 0:45:10.640
<v Speaker 1>for the most part, there are no changes, one way

0:45:10.680 --> 0:45:13.200
<v Speaker 1>that you could see like an alteration in mood or

0:45:13.200 --> 0:45:18.440
<v Speaker 1>personality is if there was some imperfection in the copy,

0:45:18.560 --> 0:45:22.480
<v Speaker 1>saying it essentially damaged your brain and some uh in

0:45:22.560 --> 0:45:26.439
<v Speaker 1>some fashion in reproducing you on the other side. And

0:45:26.560 --> 0:45:29.040
<v Speaker 1>uh and we have you know, plenty of examples of

0:45:29.040 --> 0:45:31.840
<v Speaker 1>of this in science. We've discussed numerous cases on the

0:45:31.840 --> 0:45:35.640
<v Speaker 1>show before where brain injuries and alterations to the brain

0:45:36.000 --> 0:45:39.040
<v Speaker 1>can impact mood. And one of my favorite uh and

0:45:39.239 --> 0:45:40.920
<v Speaker 1>and also I think it's great because it's kind of

0:45:40.960 --> 0:45:43.440
<v Speaker 1>it's essentially a positive tale of this sort of thing.

0:45:43.960 --> 0:45:49.600
<v Speaker 1>UH is the case of Dr Tony Csuria, an orthopedic

0:45:49.680 --> 0:45:53.359
<v Speaker 1>surgeon who was electrocuted in a lightning strike and then

0:45:53.400 --> 0:45:56.480
<v Speaker 1>afterwards began to hear music in his head and developed

0:45:57.160 --> 0:46:00.760
<v Speaker 1>what has been described as an insatiable desire to learn

0:46:00.960 --> 0:46:03.719
<v Speaker 1>to put up to learn listen to the piano, and

0:46:03.800 --> 0:46:06.520
<v Speaker 1>learned to play the piano, and then he eventually became

0:46:06.560 --> 0:46:09.560
<v Speaker 1>a composer and a performer. But did he die? Did

0:46:09.600 --> 0:46:13.719
<v Speaker 1>he die in these No? No, he's he's very much alive. Still. Wait,

0:46:13.760 --> 0:46:15.520
<v Speaker 1>I have a u I'm gonna be using this word wrong.

0:46:15.560 --> 0:46:19.640
<v Speaker 1>Does electrocuted necessarily mean you died? Oh? Now this is

0:46:19.680 --> 0:46:21.880
<v Speaker 1>good question. Perhaps I'm using the word wrong. Oh, perhaps

0:46:21.880 --> 0:46:24.160
<v Speaker 1>I've been using it wrong. I don't know. I always

0:46:24.160 --> 0:46:27.560
<v Speaker 1>assumed electrocuted means dead, but well, just in case to

0:46:27.560 --> 0:46:31.160
<v Speaker 1>be sure, he was. He suffered an electric shock via

0:46:31.320 --> 0:46:35.000
<v Speaker 1>lightning strike, did not die, but afterwards, Yeah, he heard

0:46:35.080 --> 0:46:36.920
<v Speaker 1>music in his head. He wanted to play the piano.

0:46:37.000 --> 0:46:40.520
<v Speaker 1>He learned to play the piano. He became a composer. Uh.

0:46:40.560 --> 0:46:44.680
<v Speaker 1>And and he's cool. Yeah, he's written books. I understand.

0:46:44.680 --> 0:46:48.879
<v Speaker 1>He's what's sometimes referred to as an acquired savant, someone

0:46:48.920 --> 0:46:53.760
<v Speaker 1>who exhibits extraordinary abilities after sustaining central nervous system damage

0:46:53.880 --> 0:46:56.040
<v Speaker 1>or disease. Now, of course, this is not the only

0:46:56.080 --> 0:47:00.319
<v Speaker 1>case of somebody going through a large electrical stimulation of

0:47:00.360 --> 0:47:03.399
<v Speaker 1>the nervous system and coming out of it feeling better.

0:47:03.600 --> 0:47:06.839
<v Speaker 1>This is actually a trick. I know. Electroshock therapy gets

0:47:06.880 --> 0:47:10.000
<v Speaker 1>a bad reputation and fiction and stuff, but for some

0:47:10.040 --> 0:47:13.640
<v Speaker 1>people it is actually a very helpful intervention for say,

0:47:14.040 --> 0:47:17.920
<v Speaker 1>depression that resists other treatments. Uh. You know, sometimes there

0:47:17.960 --> 0:47:21.960
<v Speaker 1>are brain states that are very negative where electro convulsive

0:47:22.000 --> 0:47:25.759
<v Speaker 1>therapy applying an electric current to the brain causes some

0:47:25.880 --> 0:47:30.080
<v Speaker 1>kind of internal reset that gets people out of negative

0:47:30.160 --> 0:47:33.160
<v Speaker 1>mental scenarios. Well, yeah, so you could you could imagine

0:47:33.160 --> 0:47:36.000
<v Speaker 1>and as long as we're imagining teleportation, you know, you

0:47:36.040 --> 0:47:39.840
<v Speaker 1>can imagine a situation where in recreating the brain, or

0:47:39.880 --> 0:47:42.960
<v Speaker 1>in the process of the brain coming back online in

0:47:43.120 --> 0:47:45.960
<v Speaker 1>pod b uh that you essentially have it's like an

0:47:46.000 --> 0:47:48.759
<v Speaker 1>electro shock to the brain. Uh. And then of course

0:47:48.760 --> 0:47:51.879
<v Speaker 1>there are plenty of other examples of people whose moods, personalities,

0:47:51.920 --> 0:47:55.880
<v Speaker 1>and cognitive abilities have been impacted, in any cases negatively

0:47:55.880 --> 0:48:01.640
<v Speaker 1>impacted by changes or injuries to to the So say,

0:48:01.719 --> 0:48:04.440
<v Speaker 1>I think there's a lot of room for that scenario

0:48:04.600 --> 0:48:07.040
<v Speaker 1>to to take place again if if you actually had

0:48:07.040 --> 0:48:12.320
<v Speaker 1>teleportation technology uh. And then to come back to the microbiome,

0:48:13.080 --> 0:48:16.399
<v Speaker 1>I think that's another place to consider. So, assuming that

0:48:16.520 --> 0:48:20.279
<v Speaker 1>you don't have your entire microbiome uh fused with your

0:48:20.360 --> 0:48:24.520
<v Speaker 1>genetic code, assuming that your microbiome is not dumped out

0:48:24.600 --> 0:48:28.080
<v Speaker 1>into another telepod left to just sort of melt on

0:48:28.160 --> 0:48:30.360
<v Speaker 1>the floor and have to be scrubbed up by the

0:48:30.640 --> 0:48:35.439
<v Speaker 1>telepod scrabber. Um, what a job? Imagine? Like, what else

0:48:35.480 --> 0:48:38.799
<v Speaker 1>could happen? Right? Like, what if it just readjusted your

0:48:39.000 --> 0:48:42.720
<v Speaker 1>your microbiome to a certain degree because we know we're

0:48:43.080 --> 0:48:45.000
<v Speaker 1>still learning more about this, but we know that the

0:48:45.040 --> 0:48:49.880
<v Speaker 1>microbiome has has an impact on our on our personality,

0:48:49.880 --> 0:48:53.040
<v Speaker 1>on our moods, on our cognitive ability like it's it's

0:48:53.040 --> 0:48:55.600
<v Speaker 1>it's roots run deep. Yes, and there are ways to

0:48:55.640 --> 0:48:58.760
<v Speaker 1>have a healthier or less healthy microbiome. Uh. I mean again,

0:48:58.800 --> 0:49:02.440
<v Speaker 1>we already referenced fegal transplants, and this is an actual

0:49:02.520 --> 0:49:06.799
<v Speaker 1>cure for some diseases. Yeah, so you could potentially you

0:49:06.800 --> 0:49:09.840
<v Speaker 1>could have a situation where okay, the teleporter didn't quite

0:49:09.880 --> 0:49:12.600
<v Speaker 1>know how to how to handle the entire microbiome. Some

0:49:12.680 --> 0:49:15.399
<v Speaker 1>things maybe through, some things were left out. I don't

0:49:15.600 --> 0:49:19.360
<v Speaker 1>want to even explore the possibility of some individual microorganisms

0:49:19.360 --> 0:49:22.759
<v Speaker 1>being fused into all new micro organisms, because the Lord

0:49:22.800 --> 0:49:25.160
<v Speaker 1>knows what that would consist of. But um, but you

0:49:25.200 --> 0:49:29.200
<v Speaker 1>could imagine where you might emerge with maybe an improved

0:49:29.239 --> 0:49:32.600
<v Speaker 1>microbiome by pure accident, in the same way that not

0:49:32.719 --> 0:49:36.680
<v Speaker 1>everyone that is struck by lightning turns into a piano virtuoso,

0:49:37.040 --> 0:49:38.920
<v Speaker 1>you know. But you could have a situation where you

0:49:39.080 --> 0:49:41.160
<v Speaker 1>clearly have a situation where at least one person was

0:49:41.600 --> 0:49:43.839
<v Speaker 1>and you could, I guess consumably have a situation where

0:49:43.880 --> 0:49:47.440
<v Speaker 1>one person survived a teleportation and came out on the

0:49:47.480 --> 0:49:50.920
<v Speaker 1>other end with improved microbiome and maybe a you know,

0:49:50.960 --> 0:49:54.160
<v Speaker 1>improved health or even mental health due to it. You know,

0:49:54.239 --> 0:49:57.959
<v Speaker 1>I know I've read in uh, looking at the downsides

0:49:58.040 --> 0:49:59.760
<v Speaker 1>of when he comes out, So he comes out feeling

0:49:59.800 --> 0:50:02.520
<v Speaker 1>very purified, but he's also a jerk, you know, He's like,

0:50:02.920 --> 0:50:06.200
<v Speaker 1>he comes out being aggressive and mannic and stuff. And

0:50:06.520 --> 0:50:09.919
<v Speaker 1>I know I've read about imbalances in the gut microbiome

0:50:09.960 --> 0:50:14.920
<v Speaker 1>of dogs possibly leading to aggression and dogs. Interesting. Yeah, Um,

0:50:15.320 --> 0:50:16.960
<v Speaker 1>I was looking around a little bit about like other

0:50:17.000 --> 0:50:19.640
<v Speaker 1>things that can adjust your microbiome. Like one that's of

0:50:19.680 --> 0:50:23.600
<v Speaker 1>course being studied is how space travel can change your microbiome.

0:50:24.040 --> 0:50:27.279
<v Speaker 1>And the most obvious factor, of course is radiation. But

0:50:27.680 --> 0:50:29.440
<v Speaker 1>one of the studies I was looking at was was

0:50:29.440 --> 0:50:31.440
<v Speaker 1>was saying, Okay, well, radiation accounts for some of what

0:50:31.440 --> 0:50:34.480
<v Speaker 1>we're seeing, but we think it like micro gravity is

0:50:34.520 --> 0:50:37.359
<v Speaker 1>playing a role as well, so uh, and then other

0:50:37.520 --> 0:50:40.879
<v Speaker 1>environmental conditions that they're still you know, figuring out. So

0:50:41.520 --> 0:50:43.600
<v Speaker 1>it's just such an amazing revelation to again just to

0:50:43.640 --> 0:50:46.680
<v Speaker 1>come back to the power of the microbiome and just

0:50:46.760 --> 0:50:49.040
<v Speaker 1>how how close it is to us how it is

0:50:49.120 --> 0:50:51.799
<v Speaker 1>essentially like an organ. You are a person, but you're

0:50:51.840 --> 0:50:56.520
<v Speaker 1>also a world. You're an environment. Your body is a wonderland. Yeah,

0:50:56.560 --> 0:50:59.000
<v Speaker 1>that's what's in the plasma. Fool. All right, Well, hopefully

0:50:59.040 --> 0:51:01.880
<v Speaker 1>we gave everybody some some additional food for thought on

0:51:02.400 --> 0:51:05.839
<v Speaker 1>the Fly and on teleportation, and we didn't even get

0:51:05.840 --> 0:51:08.799
<v Speaker 1>into some of the things people were probably expecting, like

0:51:08.920 --> 0:51:13.160
<v Speaker 1>discussion of fly anatomy and feeding by vomiting up acid

0:51:13.200 --> 0:51:16.080
<v Speaker 1>on things. But who knows, maybe we could come back

0:51:16.080 --> 0:51:18.520
<v Speaker 1>and do that in the future. We also didn't talk

0:51:18.560 --> 0:51:23.280
<v Speaker 1>about the Simpsons episode Fly Versus Fly. Yes, yeah, yeah,

0:51:23.360 --> 0:51:25.800
<v Speaker 1>it goes to great places. I love it when Homer

0:51:26.160 --> 0:51:28.720
<v Speaker 1>drags one of the telepods in front of the toilet

0:51:28.840 --> 0:51:32.600
<v Speaker 1>and tries to think avoid climbing the stairs. Y. Yeah,

0:51:32.640 --> 0:51:36.319
<v Speaker 1>lots of reckless use of the telepod, which I enjoy.

0:51:36.360 --> 0:51:38.560
<v Speaker 1>All right, so let us know what you think. Are

0:51:38.600 --> 0:51:41.440
<v Speaker 1>you a big fan of the original Fly, You're a

0:51:41.440 --> 0:51:45.360
<v Speaker 1>fan of Cronenberg's Fly? Are you like me disappointed that

0:51:45.400 --> 0:51:49.279
<v Speaker 1>Cronenberg has not gotten to make his sequel to The Fly?

0:51:49.680 --> 0:51:52.759
<v Speaker 1>He apparently wrote a screenplay and everything. Really yeah, and uh,

0:51:52.880 --> 0:51:55.680
<v Speaker 1>well wait, there was the Fly too, I've never seen it. Well,

0:51:55.719 --> 0:51:59.080
<v Speaker 1>the Fly two is is a gross monster movie. Um,

0:51:59.120 --> 0:52:04.360
<v Speaker 1>it's not certainly not as contemplative as Cronenberg's original. But

0:52:04.400 --> 0:52:06.200
<v Speaker 1>if you go into it just expecting kind of a

0:52:06.200 --> 0:52:10.120
<v Speaker 1>big monster movie, UM, with some teleportation Shenanigan's uh, you know,

0:52:10.200 --> 0:52:13.640
<v Speaker 1>it's it's entertaining in its own right. But Cronenberg has,

0:52:13.680 --> 0:52:17.239
<v Speaker 1>at least in past years he's mentioned a script that

0:52:17.280 --> 0:52:19.719
<v Speaker 1>he wrote that and he's kind of kg about it,

0:52:19.760 --> 0:52:22.040
<v Speaker 1>like it's it seems like it's maybe not a direct

0:52:22.080 --> 0:52:25.960
<v Speaker 1>sequel to the Fly, but it is very much about teleportation.

0:52:26.800 --> 0:52:29.040
<v Speaker 1>I don't know to what extent, like you know, merging

0:52:29.160 --> 0:52:32.839
<v Speaker 1>of of you know, genomes comes into it, there's any

0:52:32.880 --> 0:52:35.319
<v Speaker 1>kind of you know, chimera in it at all. And

0:52:35.320 --> 0:52:37.600
<v Speaker 1>and maybe it's ultimately more exciting about, you know, the

0:52:37.640 --> 0:52:40.359
<v Speaker 1>possibility that maybe it doesn't have have that. Maybe it's

0:52:40.400 --> 0:52:43.080
<v Speaker 1>more about some of these ideas we've been discussing here

0:52:43.120 --> 0:52:45.799
<v Speaker 1>in this episode about teleportation. What if it's from the

0:52:45.840 --> 0:52:49.240
<v Speaker 1>flies perspective and it's about the horrors of becoming part human,

0:52:49.800 --> 0:52:52.000
<v Speaker 1>that would be interesting. I would I would watch that.

0:52:52.440 --> 0:52:55.759
<v Speaker 1>So I still hold out hope that one day we'll

0:52:55.760 --> 0:52:59.160
<v Speaker 1>see I mean, I would love to see Cronenberg returned

0:52:59.200 --> 0:53:01.799
<v Speaker 1>to direct at all. I don't think he's directed in

0:53:01.840 --> 0:53:04.000
<v Speaker 1>several years, but I would love to see his his

0:53:04.160 --> 0:53:07.439
<v Speaker 1>vision for a Fly sequel come to life. Failing that,

0:53:07.520 --> 0:53:12.440
<v Speaker 1>Gina Davis could write and direct. Yeah, sure, uh really.

0:53:12.520 --> 0:53:14.120
<v Speaker 1>Ultimately the end of the day, I'm just I just

0:53:14.160 --> 0:53:17.920
<v Speaker 1>want more teleportation movies. That's that's all I want, all right.

0:53:18.000 --> 0:53:19.520
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0:53:28.120 --> 0:53:31.320
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0:53:37.560 --> 0:53:41.040
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0:53:41.080 --> 0:53:42.520
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0:53:42.600 --> 0:53:45.240
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