WEBVTT - Part One: Carl Schmitt: The Mind Behind Modern Fascism

0:00:01.720 --> 0:00:02.880
<v Speaker 1>Also media.

0:00:04.800 --> 0:00:07.920
<v Speaker 2>Hey, everybody, welcome to Behind the Bastards, and I know

0:00:07.960 --> 0:00:13.000
<v Speaker 2>what you're all saying. Congratulations Robert on finally being appointed

0:00:13.119 --> 0:00:17.720
<v Speaker 2>the new Pope of the Catholic Church Pontiffects Maximus. I

0:00:17.880 --> 0:00:20.320
<v Speaker 2>was as surprised as anybody. I wake up in the morning,

0:00:20.720 --> 0:00:24.759
<v Speaker 2>I see a phone notification that says, you know, Vatican

0:00:24.800 --> 0:00:28.240
<v Speaker 2>Conclave appoints new Pope Robert, and then the rest of

0:00:28.280 --> 0:00:29.200
<v Speaker 2>the title got cut off.

0:00:29.200 --> 0:00:31.640
<v Speaker 3>But I understood what the rest of it was. Obviously.

0:00:32.080 --> 0:00:34.280
<v Speaker 2>I've been celebrating the last couple of days, have not

0:00:34.400 --> 0:00:37.240
<v Speaker 2>really checked in online, but am now going to check

0:00:37.240 --> 0:00:41.159
<v Speaker 2>in with my guests for this day, Sophie Lichtormen will

0:00:41.240 --> 0:00:44.360
<v Speaker 2>not my guest, but my co host and producer and

0:00:44.760 --> 0:00:46.880
<v Speaker 2>our guest for today, Blake Wexler.

0:00:47.360 --> 0:00:48.480
<v Speaker 3>Do either of you have a.

0:00:48.400 --> 0:00:51.280
<v Speaker 2>Boon to ask now that I am the literal mouth

0:00:51.320 --> 0:00:51.800
<v Speaker 2>of God.

0:00:53.040 --> 0:00:55.600
<v Speaker 4>So I got an email saying I was Pontiff wex

0:00:56.000 --> 0:00:58.160
<v Speaker 4>and I don't know if that was a typo or

0:00:58.200 --> 0:00:58.880
<v Speaker 4>what happened.

0:00:58.920 --> 0:01:03.200
<v Speaker 2>So yes, no, that's a new position I've created specifically

0:01:03.280 --> 0:01:03.680
<v Speaker 2>for you.

0:01:04.120 --> 0:01:04.480
<v Speaker 4>Thank you.

0:01:04.959 --> 0:01:08.600
<v Speaker 2>Yes, you are responsible solely for the spiritual guidance of

0:01:08.680 --> 0:01:14.199
<v Speaker 2>all Blakes and all Wexler's. It's a fairly large responsibility.

0:01:14.360 --> 0:01:20.120
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, well there's not a lot of Catholic Wexlers.

0:01:21.120 --> 0:01:22.640
<v Speaker 2>Well then you got a lot of work ahead of you,

0:01:22.680 --> 0:01:25.600
<v Speaker 2>don't You're my friend, Robert.

0:01:25.680 --> 0:01:27.080
<v Speaker 1>I have a request.

0:01:27.520 --> 0:01:28.160
<v Speaker 3>Uh huh?

0:01:28.240 --> 0:01:30.240
<v Speaker 1>Can you heal Lebron and make him thirty?

0:01:30.800 --> 0:01:34.039
<v Speaker 2>I've already done it, Sophie, heay gaze upon it and

0:01:34.120 --> 0:01:36.720
<v Speaker 2>know it. Yes, God has already touched him. He has

0:01:36.720 --> 0:01:38.520
<v Speaker 2>another forty year career ahead.

0:01:38.240 --> 0:01:39.399
<v Speaker 3>Of him, Thank you God.

0:01:39.600 --> 0:01:40.200
<v Speaker 4>I just don't know.

0:01:41.080 --> 0:01:43.480
<v Speaker 2>He's going to be dunking into his sixties.

0:01:44.000 --> 0:01:44.760
<v Speaker 4>Fantastic.

0:01:45.040 --> 0:01:48.240
<v Speaker 2>He's going to be praying for death, begging for anything

0:01:48.280 --> 0:01:50.000
<v Speaker 2>but another season with the Lakers.

0:01:50.720 --> 0:01:52.840
<v Speaker 4>We won't let him stop. Yeah, we won't let him stop.

0:01:52.840 --> 0:01:55.960
<v Speaker 4>That's the plot of Space Jame three, by the way, begging.

0:01:57.320 --> 0:01:57.559
<v Speaker 1>Die.

0:01:59.680 --> 0:02:02.320
<v Speaker 2>Yes, that's what God wants, is pope. I know the

0:02:02.400 --> 0:02:05.000
<v Speaker 2>other thing I gotta say, Unfortunately, as we learned with

0:02:05.080 --> 0:02:07.520
<v Speaker 2>the last Pope, popes are more or less helpless to

0:02:07.600 --> 0:02:10.519
<v Speaker 2>stop the world from descending into fascism or the slaughter

0:02:10.560 --> 0:02:15.359
<v Speaker 2>of children overseas. It's a bummer. So what really only

0:02:15.919 --> 0:02:19.880
<v Speaker 2>random bullshit is what I'm in power to do. And

0:02:19.919 --> 0:02:22.560
<v Speaker 2>today The thing that I'm going to do that is

0:02:22.600 --> 0:02:25.200
<v Speaker 2>not enough but might be a little useful, is explain

0:02:25.240 --> 0:02:30.760
<v Speaker 2>to you the intellectual underpinning of fascism. Right specifically, there's

0:02:30.800 --> 0:02:34.400
<v Speaker 2>a guy, a single dude who's probably the only genius

0:02:34.440 --> 0:02:39.480
<v Speaker 2>in the history of like fascist like legal philosophy and theory,

0:02:39.760 --> 0:02:42.080
<v Speaker 2>who were going to talk about And the basics of

0:02:42.120 --> 0:02:44.239
<v Speaker 2>this story is when the Nazis started coming to power,

0:02:44.560 --> 0:02:47.000
<v Speaker 2>you had this guy Hitler who was really charismatic, who

0:02:47.040 --> 0:02:50.160
<v Speaker 2>was good at drawing in people, and you had, you know,

0:02:50.200 --> 0:02:52.919
<v Speaker 2>this movement that was clearly on its way to taking power,

0:02:53.360 --> 0:02:55.639
<v Speaker 2>and there was not really much beyond that. There wasn't

0:02:55.639 --> 0:02:58.720
<v Speaker 2>a consistent set of beliefs because a lot of early Nazis,

0:02:58.760 --> 0:03:00.520
<v Speaker 2>that's why they had the lot of ni idol long knives.

0:03:00.520 --> 0:03:03.280
<v Speaker 2>There are a lot of disagreements between them, and there

0:03:03.320 --> 0:03:05.280
<v Speaker 2>was this kind of competition for like who is going

0:03:05.320 --> 0:03:09.320
<v Speaker 2>to figure out what the political philosophy of fascism is.

0:03:09.360 --> 0:03:10.840
<v Speaker 2>And the guy we're talking about the day is the

0:03:10.919 --> 0:03:14.720
<v Speaker 2>dude who won that struggle and he's gone on to

0:03:14.919 --> 0:03:18.600
<v Speaker 2>influence He's kind of the thinker behind the neo conservative

0:03:18.639 --> 0:03:21.200
<v Speaker 2>movement that dominated during the Bush years. He's the thinker

0:03:21.280 --> 0:03:24.440
<v Speaker 2>behind you know, Putin's rise to power in a lot

0:03:24.480 --> 0:03:27.760
<v Speaker 2>of ways. He's a very influential guy. So, Blake are

0:03:27.760 --> 0:03:30.640
<v Speaker 2>you Are you excited to hear about him?

0:03:29.680 --> 0:03:34.120
<v Speaker 4>I'm both dreading it and excited. I can't wait.

0:03:34.240 --> 0:03:36.720
<v Speaker 2>Before we close out our cold Open. You want to

0:03:36.720 --> 0:03:38.480
<v Speaker 2>plug your pluggables right here at the top.

0:03:39.040 --> 0:03:42.240
<v Speaker 4>Oh my god, I love that. Yeah, that's a fantastic process. Yes,

0:03:43.240 --> 0:03:46.119
<v Speaker 4>I am first Wall me names Blake Wexler at Blake

0:03:46.160 --> 0:03:48.200
<v Speaker 4>Wexler and all social media. I have a stand up

0:03:48.200 --> 0:03:51.240
<v Speaker 4>special called Daddy Long Legs, which is available for free

0:03:51.680 --> 0:03:56.680
<v Speaker 4>on YouTube on August. Firth first and Firth I do all.

0:03:56.720 --> 0:03:59.160
<v Speaker 4>My My calendar is Colin Firth. He's all over every

0:03:59.200 --> 0:04:00.520
<v Speaker 4>single month of my cab. I know that's why I

0:04:00.560 --> 0:04:03.120
<v Speaker 4>mispronounced that. But August first, I'm going to be in

0:04:03.160 --> 0:04:06.000
<v Speaker 4>Philadelphia doing stand up, and then in late August I'm

0:04:06.000 --> 0:04:08.760
<v Speaker 4>going to be in Wilkesbury and then yeah, there'll be

0:04:08.760 --> 0:04:11.000
<v Speaker 4>more dates popping up on my social media that aren't

0:04:11.040 --> 0:04:14.280
<v Speaker 4>in Pennsylvania. So yeah, you can find me all those places.

0:04:14.600 --> 0:04:18.599
<v Speaker 2>Excellent, excellent, All right, everybody, let's come back after the

0:04:18.600 --> 0:04:27.840
<v Speaker 2>Cold Open, and we're back all right, Blake, are you

0:04:27.880 --> 0:04:28.240
<v Speaker 2>ready to.

0:04:28.240 --> 0:04:30.120
<v Speaker 3>Get into this tale? Are you ready to learn?

0:04:30.240 --> 0:04:32.840
<v Speaker 2>So you're ready to lock in here, Blake, lock in

0:04:33.200 --> 0:04:35.159
<v Speaker 2>learn about Nazi jurisprudence.

0:04:35.520 --> 0:04:38.280
<v Speaker 4>I'm a jurisprude, but yeah, no, let's dive it.

0:04:39.200 --> 0:04:43.200
<v Speaker 3>So was this motherfucker? Actually? Yeah?

0:04:43.400 --> 0:04:47.600
<v Speaker 2>So today we're going to talk about Carl Schmidt, and

0:04:47.720 --> 0:04:51.320
<v Speaker 2>Carl Schmidt is the He did a lot of things

0:04:51.360 --> 0:04:54.719
<v Speaker 2>in terms of like coming up with intellectual underpinnings for

0:04:54.800 --> 0:04:57.680
<v Speaker 2>what we call fascism today. The number one thing he

0:04:57.720 --> 0:05:00.400
<v Speaker 2>did was figure out how to destroy liberal to democracy.

0:05:00.440 --> 0:05:02.120
<v Speaker 2>And this is why I call him a genius. A

0:05:02.160 --> 0:05:05.360
<v Speaker 2>lot of fascist thinkers were like dipshits and bigots, and

0:05:05.400 --> 0:05:07.200
<v Speaker 2>maybe they had they had certain kinds of cunning. Like

0:05:07.279 --> 0:05:09.440
<v Speaker 2>Hitler was very smart at certain things. The man who

0:05:09.440 --> 0:05:11.240
<v Speaker 2>had to work a crowd. That's an intelligence, the same

0:05:11.320 --> 0:05:14.880
<v Speaker 2>kind of intelligence Donald Trump has, right, Like intelligence isn't

0:05:14.920 --> 0:05:17.680
<v Speaker 2>an objective thing that people are good at certain things.

0:05:17.720 --> 0:05:21.719
<v Speaker 2>Stephen Miller has certain kinds of evil intelligence for scheming

0:05:21.760 --> 0:05:25.320
<v Speaker 2>in certain ways. Karl Schmidt was just an actual genius.

0:05:25.480 --> 0:05:28.120
<v Speaker 2>And he was a genius in an evil way and

0:05:28.160 --> 0:05:30.159
<v Speaker 2>in a way that was like fucked up. But was

0:05:30.360 --> 0:05:32.679
<v Speaker 2>very broad, and the thing that he figured out before

0:05:32.720 --> 0:05:36.679
<v Speaker 2>anyone else was how to kill a liberal democracy as

0:05:36.800 --> 0:05:39.560
<v Speaker 2>like the far right, as like a member of a

0:05:39.680 --> 0:05:43.760
<v Speaker 2>reactionary party. And it's the same playbook. What the playbook

0:05:43.800 --> 0:05:47.680
<v Speaker 2>he wrote out in the twenties is exactly what's happened here, right,

0:05:47.800 --> 0:05:50.279
<v Speaker 2>So that's that is the degree of mind this guy has.

0:05:50.320 --> 0:05:52.080
<v Speaker 2>And so as much of a fucked up weirdo as

0:05:52.080 --> 0:05:55.520
<v Speaker 2>he is, he is a legitimately like smart man, which

0:05:55.520 --> 0:05:57.440
<v Speaker 2>is unfortunate, righty.

0:05:58.279 --> 0:05:58.839
<v Speaker 3>It's always so.

0:05:58.880 --> 0:06:00.960
<v Speaker 2>Much easier when you can kind of write these guys

0:06:00.960 --> 0:06:03.360
<v Speaker 2>off as like freaks, but you just can't with Karl,

0:06:03.920 --> 0:06:06.560
<v Speaker 2>with old Schmidty as we will not be calling him.

0:06:07.240 --> 0:06:08.320
<v Speaker 4>It's a little humanizing.

0:06:08.480 --> 0:06:12.000
<v Speaker 2>It's a little humanizing. Good old Schmitty, Yeah, good old Schmidty.

0:06:12.480 --> 0:06:15.599
<v Speaker 2>So Schmidty. Karl Schmidt was born on July eleventh, eighteen

0:06:15.760 --> 0:06:18.520
<v Speaker 2>eighty eight, which means he comes into the world right

0:06:18.600 --> 0:06:21.839
<v Speaker 2>as Germany the state becomes a legal adult and thus

0:06:21.920 --> 0:06:24.559
<v Speaker 2>is able to buy scratch off tickets at the gas station.

0:06:25.320 --> 0:06:27.440
<v Speaker 2>I'm not sure if Germany ever did that. Maybe we'd

0:06:27.440 --> 0:06:30.680
<v Speaker 2>have been better off if they'd gotten really into fucking

0:06:30.720 --> 0:06:34.239
<v Speaker 2>paper casino bullshit, but trying to put their energy into

0:06:34.560 --> 0:06:38.200
<v Speaker 2>right right, right, Yeah, getting really into the power ball,

0:06:38.839 --> 0:06:42.359
<v Speaker 2>right exactly. So one thing right off the bat that

0:06:42.480 --> 0:06:45.640
<v Speaker 2>separates him from most future reactionaries is that he never

0:06:45.839 --> 0:06:48.080
<v Speaker 2>loves Imperial Germany or the Kaiser.

0:06:48.279 --> 0:06:48.880
<v Speaker 4>He is not.

0:06:49.120 --> 0:06:51.200
<v Speaker 2>Most of these guys at least have some degree of

0:06:51.240 --> 0:06:52.960
<v Speaker 2>like ah back in you know, the good old days

0:06:53.000 --> 0:06:55.560
<v Speaker 2>of the Second Reich. He is never that guy. And

0:06:55.600 --> 0:06:58.600
<v Speaker 2>he's never that guy because he comes from a marginalized

0:06:58.640 --> 0:07:02.080
<v Speaker 2>population within the set at Reich, which is Catholics, right,

0:07:02.080 --> 0:07:03.880
<v Speaker 2>which very much are in a lot of ways.

0:07:03.920 --> 0:07:04.040
<v Speaker 4>Right.

0:07:04.040 --> 0:07:06.919
<v Speaker 2>We don't really think about Catholics that way now, but

0:07:07.240 --> 0:07:09.360
<v Speaker 2>even in the US it was a big deal when

0:07:09.440 --> 0:07:12.200
<v Speaker 2>JFK got elected president, Like there were people who are

0:07:12.200 --> 0:07:15.680
<v Speaker 2>like a papist in the White House. He's a Vatican stooge.

0:07:16.360 --> 0:07:19.800
<v Speaker 2>And it's much worse in Germany in the late eighteen hundreds, right.

0:07:21.240 --> 0:07:26.360
<v Speaker 2>I know, it's hard to imagine like Catholics as like

0:07:26.400 --> 0:07:28.760
<v Speaker 2>a marginal lot, but I mean think about like Ireland, right,

0:07:28.880 --> 0:07:31.560
<v Speaker 2>Like you know, under the English thumb, right, there's a

0:07:31.600 --> 0:07:34.360
<v Speaker 2>lot of oppression of Catholics, even as the Catholic Church

0:07:34.400 --> 0:07:37.160
<v Speaker 2>is also doing horrible things in Ireland, right, You know,

0:07:37.600 --> 0:07:40.720
<v Speaker 2>shit's complicated. So the fact that he does not like

0:07:41.000 --> 0:07:43.000
<v Speaker 2>the Reich at any point in his childhood, it's a

0:07:43.040 --> 0:07:45.800
<v Speaker 2>product of both his family religion, as I said, Catholicism,

0:07:46.000 --> 0:07:47.880
<v Speaker 2>and of the origin of his family where they come

0:07:47.880 --> 0:07:51.720
<v Speaker 2>from geographically, because his family hails from a place called Bossendorff,

0:07:51.920 --> 0:07:54.480
<v Speaker 2>which is a small village on the Alfbach river in

0:07:54.520 --> 0:07:58.000
<v Speaker 2>the Eifel Mountains. This village is about six kilometers from

0:07:58.040 --> 0:08:01.720
<v Speaker 2>the Mosel, which is mos Elle, which is a major

0:08:01.800 --> 0:08:05.960
<v Speaker 2>river in Germany, and all his life Schmidt identified primarily

0:08:06.000 --> 0:08:08.760
<v Speaker 2>as a Mausoleanian. Right now, that probably means nothing to

0:08:08.800 --> 0:08:10.880
<v Speaker 2>most of you listening, and that probably doesn't mean a

0:08:10.880 --> 0:08:12.400
<v Speaker 2>whole lot more to the people who have to happen

0:08:12.440 --> 0:08:15.200
<v Speaker 2>to be German, right, because things are. It means a

0:08:15.200 --> 0:08:18.760
<v Speaker 2>different thing now even than it does to like Germans today. Right,

0:08:19.120 --> 0:08:21.720
<v Speaker 2>Coming from this region in the late eighteen hundreds, when

0:08:22.120 --> 0:08:24.080
<v Speaker 2>Germany has not been a thing for long, means a

0:08:24.200 --> 0:08:27.760
<v Speaker 2>very different thing. This whole part of the country, which

0:08:27.760 --> 0:08:31.200
<v Speaker 2>biographer Reinhard Mehring just refers to as the Eiffel, is

0:08:31.240 --> 0:08:34.000
<v Speaker 2>sort of on like the southeast point of Germany, and

0:08:34.040 --> 0:08:37.640
<v Speaker 2>it's right next to Lorraine, which today is part of France,

0:08:37.880 --> 0:08:41.440
<v Speaker 2>but had been taken eighteen years earlier from France after

0:08:41.480 --> 0:08:44.280
<v Speaker 2>the Franco Prussian War ended, and was thus part of

0:08:44.320 --> 0:08:47.760
<v Speaker 2>Germany at the time that he's born. So the region

0:08:47.800 --> 0:08:51.280
<v Speaker 2>he comes into is right next to this traditionally French region,

0:08:51.559 --> 0:08:55.079
<v Speaker 2>And as a result, Karl and his family don't consider

0:08:55.120 --> 0:08:57.960
<v Speaker 2>themselves like Germans, certainly not in the way that like

0:08:58.080 --> 0:09:01.560
<v Speaker 2>Germans will in a couple of decades. They are French Germans,

0:09:01.559 --> 0:09:05.040
<v Speaker 2>and they feel both French and German, right, and there's

0:09:05.080 --> 0:09:07.360
<v Speaker 2>a tension between a lot of his family does live

0:09:07.400 --> 0:09:10.040
<v Speaker 2>in Lorraine, right, and so there's this tension between his

0:09:10.200 --> 0:09:14.400
<v Speaker 2>family and the Pan German ideology that suffused the second Riche,

0:09:14.960 --> 0:09:17.480
<v Speaker 2>which is very anti French. Because they're not anti French, right,

0:09:17.520 --> 0:09:21.320
<v Speaker 2>their relatives are French, they feel kind of French. So

0:09:21.400 --> 0:09:23.880
<v Speaker 2>you're both part of this Catholic minority and you're also

0:09:24.040 --> 0:09:26.360
<v Speaker 2>like kind of French, so you're just not fully on

0:09:26.440 --> 0:09:29.840
<v Speaker 2>board with the whole Kaiser thing. Now, obviously, when I

0:09:29.840 --> 0:09:32.200
<v Speaker 2>say these are marginalized people, it's not nearly in the

0:09:32.200 --> 0:09:34.120
<v Speaker 2>same way as like even a Jewish person in this

0:09:34.240 --> 0:09:37.679
<v Speaker 2>period of time is marginalized, but you don't escape bias either.

0:09:39.120 --> 0:09:41.600
<v Speaker 2>Karl was born in a town called Plettenberg, where his

0:09:41.679 --> 0:09:44.360
<v Speaker 2>parents had moved right before having him. This was not

0:09:44.559 --> 0:09:46.560
<v Speaker 2>far from where he's born, but it was a little

0:09:46.600 --> 0:09:50.040
<v Speaker 2>bit nearer to the imperial core of Germany. More to

0:09:50.080 --> 0:09:52.520
<v Speaker 2>the point, it means that Karl grows up in a

0:09:52.600 --> 0:09:56.600
<v Speaker 2>large town that's developing rapidly because it's industrializing. But he's

0:09:56.640 --> 0:10:00.360
<v Speaker 2>a distinct religious minority in that town. As by biographer

0:10:00.440 --> 0:10:03.839
<v Speaker 2>Reinhard Mehering writes in Karl Schmidt a biography, this means

0:10:03.880 --> 0:10:07.920
<v Speaker 2>belonging to a confessional minority in an intensely evangelical environment,

0:10:07.960 --> 0:10:13.160
<v Speaker 2>an environment partly even of Protestant sectarianism. So everyone around

0:10:13.240 --> 0:10:16.719
<v Speaker 2>him is like a Lutheran and they don't like Catholics

0:10:16.840 --> 0:10:19.760
<v Speaker 2>very much, right, And people are kind of dicks to him, right.

0:10:19.679 --> 0:10:23.319
<v Speaker 4>Those One of the theses I believe is that we Catholics.

0:10:23.400 --> 0:10:27.520
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, fuck the Pope, which I take offense to now

0:10:27.640 --> 0:10:28.679
<v Speaker 2>obviously because.

0:10:28.440 --> 0:10:30.520
<v Speaker 4>Of the Pope. I'm sorry you had to read that.

0:10:30.520 --> 0:10:32.480
<v Speaker 4>That's not fair to you in your new position.

0:10:32.600 --> 0:10:37.120
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, it's hurtful, it's hurtful. Yeah. So this was

0:10:37.160 --> 0:10:40.679
<v Speaker 2>particularly difficult for Catholics during Karl's early life, because he

0:10:40.920 --> 0:10:43.720
<v Speaker 2>is born kind of in the shadow of something that

0:10:43.760 --> 0:10:46.840
<v Speaker 2>occurs at the early stages of the German Empire called

0:10:46.840 --> 0:10:49.560
<v Speaker 2>the culture komp right and if you remember, you know,

0:10:49.640 --> 0:10:53.600
<v Speaker 2>min komf is my struggle, culture camp, culture struggle. It's

0:10:53.600 --> 0:10:56.800
<v Speaker 2>not quite culture war, but it basically means that, right,

0:10:57.400 --> 0:10:59.920
<v Speaker 2>and what the culture comp is is in the late

0:11:00.160 --> 0:11:04.320
<v Speaker 2>eighteen seventies, right after the Reich is born Otto von Bismarck,

0:11:04.320 --> 0:11:08.080
<v Speaker 2>who's like he's the architect of Germany, right, he's like

0:11:08.200 --> 0:11:11.280
<v Speaker 2>the visier whispering into the ear of the Prussian king,

0:11:11.600 --> 0:11:15.160
<v Speaker 2>and his plots and schemes lead to the culmination of

0:11:15.200 --> 0:11:17.920
<v Speaker 2>the Franco Prussian War in the creation of Germany. And

0:11:18.440 --> 0:11:21.640
<v Speaker 2>Bismarck is kind of dealing with a problem in the

0:11:21.679 --> 0:11:23.880
<v Speaker 2>early days of Germany that would later be devil Hitler,

0:11:23.920 --> 0:11:28.240
<v Speaker 2>which is that the Catholic Church isn't just a church, right,

0:11:28.360 --> 0:11:30.040
<v Speaker 2>not in the way that like, you know, the church

0:11:30.080 --> 0:11:32.080
<v Speaker 2>down the street from you probably is, assuming it's not

0:11:32.120 --> 0:11:34.200
<v Speaker 2>a Catholic church, you going to First Baptist or whatever,

0:11:34.400 --> 0:11:37.000
<v Speaker 2>that's like a church. It's a discreete organization and it

0:11:37.040 --> 0:11:40.360
<v Speaker 2>has maybe it's maybe the pastor there is political, maybe

0:11:40.400 --> 0:11:44.160
<v Speaker 2>he's not. But the church is just a church. Catholicism

0:11:44.240 --> 0:11:46.640
<v Speaker 2>is both a church and a government, right. There's an

0:11:46.679 --> 0:11:49.560
<v Speaker 2>actual micro state in the Vatican that they governed, but

0:11:49.640 --> 0:11:52.640
<v Speaker 2>also they had governed. They had been almost like the

0:11:52.720 --> 0:11:55.559
<v Speaker 2>Christian u in for a long time. They'd had armies

0:11:56.559 --> 0:11:59.880
<v Speaker 2>for long points of time, and even in this period,

0:12:00.200 --> 0:12:04.480
<v Speaker 2>nearly all social services in Catholic dominated regions of Europe

0:12:04.679 --> 0:12:08.000
<v Speaker 2>are run through and by the Church, right, so they

0:12:08.000 --> 0:12:12.000
<v Speaker 2>are still, to a degree in this period involved in

0:12:12.080 --> 0:12:15.559
<v Speaker 2>governing in a way that impacts people's lives. And Bismarck

0:12:15.640 --> 0:12:18.880
<v Speaker 2>doesn't like this because he's trying to centralize power within

0:12:18.920 --> 0:12:22.800
<v Speaker 2>a modern state, and the Catholic Church is an alternate

0:12:22.920 --> 0:12:26.880
<v Speaker 2>and perhaps opposing power center right. That might wind up

0:12:26.880 --> 0:12:29.920
<v Speaker 2>opposing the Kaiser, and that can make things dangerous for

0:12:29.960 --> 0:12:32.840
<v Speaker 2>the Kaiser and dangerous for the regime. Part of what

0:12:33.040 --> 0:12:36.960
<v Speaker 2>scares Bismarck is that the Pope is infallible, right, and

0:12:37.040 --> 0:12:40.480
<v Speaker 2>the Kaiser's just not, you know, like, even though things

0:12:40.520 --> 0:12:42.640
<v Speaker 2>are very strict, the Kaiser's kind of close to an

0:12:42.679 --> 0:12:46.360
<v Speaker 2>absolute monarch. There's not a widespread belief among Germans that

0:12:46.360 --> 0:12:49.760
<v Speaker 2>the Kaiser can't make mistakes, whereas Catholics are obliged to

0:12:49.840 --> 0:12:53.520
<v Speaker 2>believe that the pope is infallible and this Bismarck really

0:12:53.559 --> 0:12:55.079
<v Speaker 2>doesn't trust this, right.

0:12:56.000 --> 0:12:58.520
<v Speaker 4>That's a hard argument to win, where it really is

0:12:58.559 --> 0:13:00.760
<v Speaker 4>just back and forth. Once it's like I believe this,

0:13:00.880 --> 0:13:02.679
<v Speaker 4>Oh yeah, well I'm infalliable.

0:13:03.080 --> 0:13:04.120
<v Speaker 3>I'm infalliable.

0:13:04.600 --> 0:13:06.480
<v Speaker 2>And yet what Bismark's saying is both that like, well,

0:13:06.520 --> 0:13:08.200
<v Speaker 2>how do you win an argument with a guy who

0:13:08.200 --> 0:13:09.080
<v Speaker 2>can't be wrong?

0:13:09.120 --> 0:13:10.400
<v Speaker 3>And also a lot of.

0:13:10.400 --> 0:13:13.040
<v Speaker 2>People just feel like they owe the church because it's

0:13:13.080 --> 0:13:16.280
<v Speaker 2>providing them food when they're starving and shit, right, and

0:13:16.320 --> 0:13:20.160
<v Speaker 2>that's a complicated thing. So in the early part of

0:13:20.200 --> 0:13:22.839
<v Speaker 2>the German Empire, he kind of goes to he goes

0:13:22.880 --> 0:13:25.800
<v Speaker 2>on a culture war against the Catholic Church to strip

0:13:25.840 --> 0:13:27.880
<v Speaker 2>it of its influence. I want to quote from a

0:13:27.880 --> 0:13:31.720
<v Speaker 2>write up in EBSCO by Donald Sullivan here. Bismarck sought

0:13:31.720 --> 0:13:33.920
<v Speaker 2>to assert state control over the Church through a series

0:13:33.960 --> 0:13:36.800
<v Speaker 2>of laws aimed at reducing its influence and authority. These

0:13:36.800 --> 0:13:40.520
<v Speaker 2>measures included government oversight of Catholic seminaries, restrictions on clergy,

0:13:40.559 --> 0:13:43.079
<v Speaker 2>and the implementation of civil marriage laws, which removed the

0:13:43.160 --> 0:13:46.400
<v Speaker 2>Church's traditional role in marriage. Despite these efforts, the Culture

0:13:46.440 --> 0:13:49.720
<v Speaker 2>comp faced considerable resistance from the Catholic community, leading to

0:13:49.720 --> 0:13:53.200
<v Speaker 2>public sympathy among some Protestant Germans. And something kind of

0:13:53.240 --> 0:13:55.040
<v Speaker 2>like this is going to happen under the Nazis, right,

0:13:55.040 --> 0:13:57.240
<v Speaker 2>the Nazis have a little war with the Catholic Church.

0:13:58.520 --> 0:14:01.640
<v Speaker 2>The culture comp does not achieve its goals. Bismarck kind

0:14:01.679 --> 0:14:04.960
<v Speaker 2>of underestimates, how you know, one thing you got to say,

0:14:04.960 --> 0:14:08.400
<v Speaker 2>even if you hate it, the Catholic Church has staying power, right.

0:14:08.240 --> 0:14:10.360
<v Speaker 4>It's been around for a little bit round.

0:14:10.640 --> 0:14:12.200
<v Speaker 3>They can take a punch, you know.

0:14:12.800 --> 0:14:18.000
<v Speaker 2>And Bismarck, you know, Germany's pretty new and he's thinking

0:14:18.040 --> 0:14:19.800
<v Speaker 2>like I'm going to roll over these fuckers. And he's like,

0:14:19.840 --> 0:14:22.560
<v Speaker 2>oh no, no, they've got a lot of money in power.

0:14:22.680 --> 0:14:22.960
<v Speaker 4>Shit.

0:14:23.640 --> 0:14:26.400
<v Speaker 2>So by the late eighteen seventies, a lot of the

0:14:26.560 --> 0:14:29.840
<v Speaker 2>like harshest measures he'd tried to push through had been repealed.

0:14:30.240 --> 0:14:32.880
<v Speaker 2>Some stuff stays like, you know, the Catholic Church does lose.

0:14:32.960 --> 0:14:35.920
<v Speaker 2>They are not in control of marriage or of education

0:14:36.160 --> 0:14:38.280
<v Speaker 2>even in Catholic regions in the way that they had been.

0:14:38.360 --> 0:14:42.120
<v Speaker 2>So it's not a total failure. This conflict has largely

0:14:42.520 --> 0:14:45.240
<v Speaker 2>passed by the time Karl is born, and in fact,

0:14:45.280 --> 0:14:47.240
<v Speaker 2>the year of his birth is the same year that

0:14:47.360 --> 0:14:50.800
<v Speaker 2>Kaiservillehelm the Second takes the throne, which spells the beginning

0:14:50.840 --> 0:14:53.200
<v Speaker 2>of the end for Bismarck, so he is not going

0:14:53.280 --> 0:14:55.640
<v Speaker 2>to be in power much longer. Catholicism has kind of

0:14:55.680 --> 0:14:59.680
<v Speaker 2>outlasted him, but the hostility Catholics had to the Reich

0:15:00.160 --> 0:15:03.040
<v Speaker 2>of lingered as a result of this, and Carl's dad

0:15:03.200 --> 0:15:06.080
<v Speaker 2>is a Catholic activist right He sits in the local

0:15:06.120 --> 0:15:09.480
<v Speaker 2>parish council and he's always fighting for the rights of Catholics.

0:15:09.480 --> 0:15:12.480
<v Speaker 2>So before Carl's born, his dad is kind of fighting

0:15:12.520 --> 0:15:16.000
<v Speaker 2>Bismarck on this thing. Carl later described his father this way.

0:15:16.120 --> 0:15:18.560
<v Speaker 2>Throughout his life, he remained faithful to the Catholic cause

0:15:18.560 --> 0:15:21.200
<v Speaker 2>in a diaspora, which was still very hard at the time,

0:15:21.560 --> 0:15:23.600
<v Speaker 2>and he really admires his dad for this. He does

0:15:23.680 --> 0:15:28.200
<v Speaker 2>not like his mom spoilers for a fascist, but mom

0:15:28.240 --> 0:15:30.200
<v Speaker 2>issues issues with women in general.

0:15:30.520 --> 0:15:30.960
<v Speaker 3>Shocking.

0:15:32.720 --> 0:15:34.320
<v Speaker 4>It always starts with the momb, does it.

0:15:34.360 --> 0:15:36.680
<v Speaker 3>It's all of these guys.

0:15:36.920 --> 0:15:40.680
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, So this explains why, contrary to a lot of

0:15:40.720 --> 0:15:43.960
<v Speaker 2>reactionary Germans of his day, Carl's got no nostalgia for

0:15:44.000 --> 0:15:45.920
<v Speaker 2>the kaiser Reich because he never feels like a full

0:15:45.960 --> 0:15:49.960
<v Speaker 2>citizen of it. Another of Schmidt's biographers, go Paul Balakrishnan,

0:15:50.280 --> 0:15:54.800
<v Speaker 2>describes this situation ably in his book The Enemy. Most

0:15:54.920 --> 0:15:57.320
<v Speaker 2>poor small town Catholics lived in a world closed off

0:15:57.360 --> 0:16:00.400
<v Speaker 2>from a hostel increasingly secular society, a world in which

0:16:00.400 --> 0:16:02.920
<v Speaker 2>the local priest was a revered authority in matters of

0:16:02.960 --> 0:16:07.400
<v Speaker 2>politics and morality. And that's kind of where Carl is

0:16:07.440 --> 0:16:09.720
<v Speaker 2>growing up. He's in this town where he's a minority.

0:16:09.760 --> 0:16:12.600
<v Speaker 2>It's very cosmopolitan, but he goes to a Catholic school,

0:16:12.680 --> 0:16:15.480
<v Speaker 2>so he is separated from everyone who's not a Catholic,

0:16:15.880 --> 0:16:18.440
<v Speaker 2>and he lives in this kind of bubble. He's a

0:16:18.480 --> 0:16:21.040
<v Speaker 2>good student, very good student, and he's helped along by

0:16:21.040 --> 0:16:23.400
<v Speaker 2>the fact that his father is a stenographer who teaches

0:16:23.480 --> 0:16:25.600
<v Speaker 2>him how to write shorthand at an early age. So

0:16:25.680 --> 0:16:28.120
<v Speaker 2>Carl's always going to be very good at writing very quickly,

0:16:28.680 --> 0:16:31.160
<v Speaker 2>which is a real boon if you're going to be

0:16:31.160 --> 0:16:34.880
<v Speaker 2>an intellectual who's trying to like take advantage of shifting

0:16:34.960 --> 0:16:37.120
<v Speaker 2>trends when things are moving very quickly, that you can

0:16:37.160 --> 0:16:39.000
<v Speaker 2>get shit out quickly.

0:16:39.280 --> 0:16:42.080
<v Speaker 4>Because it is either writing or speaking right, like, you

0:16:42.120 --> 0:16:44.240
<v Speaker 4>either have to be a great you know, like speak.

0:16:44.320 --> 0:16:46.240
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's one or the two, one or the two.

0:16:46.280 --> 0:16:48.880
<v Speaker 2>There's the only ways to reach people, right exactly. There's

0:16:48.880 --> 0:16:53.400
<v Speaker 2>no like editing together a TikTok video or whatever. No, no, unfortunately, tragically,

0:16:53.520 --> 0:16:57.320
<v Speaker 2>ah to have seen Hitler's TikTok, if only for a minute. No,

0:16:57.440 --> 0:16:59.960
<v Speaker 2>we don't need that. We can already see Hitler's TikTok.

0:17:02.280 --> 0:17:03.280
<v Speaker 4>There's a bunch of them now.

0:17:03.440 --> 0:17:05.200
<v Speaker 3>There's a lot of talk.

0:17:06.760 --> 0:17:10.200
<v Speaker 2>So Schmid's family are working class, they're bordering on poor

0:17:10.480 --> 0:17:13.960
<v Speaker 2>in most cases. They voted for the Catholic Center Party,

0:17:14.040 --> 0:17:17.639
<v Speaker 2>which is, you know, a centrist party. Johann who's his

0:17:17.760 --> 0:17:20.639
<v Speaker 2>dad worked at a railway station, and Carl's relatives are

0:17:20.680 --> 0:17:23.840
<v Speaker 2>mostly kind of at a similar socioeconomic level. But his

0:17:23.920 --> 0:17:26.800
<v Speaker 2>dad's got one brother who gets rich by selling land

0:17:26.880 --> 0:17:30.600
<v Speaker 2>to mining concerns, and so he's kind of like supporting

0:17:30.680 --> 0:17:33.200
<v Speaker 2>a lot of the family whenever shit's difficult or whenever

0:17:33.240 --> 0:17:36.120
<v Speaker 2>a kid has like bills that their family can't afford,

0:17:36.680 --> 0:17:38.879
<v Speaker 2>and he and a lot of the rest of the

0:17:38.920 --> 0:17:42.000
<v Speaker 2>family pool resources. When they realize how smart Karl is

0:17:42.040 --> 0:17:44.919
<v Speaker 2>to invest in his education and the education of one

0:17:44.960 --> 0:17:47.920
<v Speaker 2>of his brothers. He's got two other brothers. One of

0:17:47.960 --> 0:17:50.440
<v Speaker 2>them is really smart, so Carl and his smart brother

0:17:50.760 --> 0:17:52.440
<v Speaker 2>get a lot of money put into them. His smart

0:17:52.480 --> 0:17:54.879
<v Speaker 2>brother goes on to become a medical doctor. Carl becomes

0:17:54.920 --> 0:17:57.000
<v Speaker 2>a jurist. His other brother is like, I don't know,

0:17:57.040 --> 0:18:02.600
<v Speaker 2>he doesn't do anything school related. Yeah, he's just fine.

0:18:02.920 --> 0:18:05.480
<v Speaker 2>He doesn't become he doesn't become a howling fascist, I

0:18:05.520 --> 0:18:08.560
<v Speaker 2>don't think. So, you know, he's got that going for him.

0:18:09.200 --> 0:18:11.720
<v Speaker 2>So we know glaringly little other than this about Carl's

0:18:11.720 --> 0:18:14.640
<v Speaker 2>early childhood, which he never discussed at length. He did

0:18:14.680 --> 0:18:17.920
<v Speaker 2>speak positively about his dad, but he does not speak

0:18:17.920 --> 0:18:18.600
<v Speaker 2>about his mom.

0:18:18.680 --> 0:18:18.920
<v Speaker 4>Well.

0:18:19.119 --> 0:18:22.359
<v Speaker 2>Mehring, who is his best biographer, simply writes, Schmid would

0:18:22.400 --> 0:18:25.920
<v Speaker 2>sometimes speak about her in rather negative terms, and boy

0:18:26.359 --> 0:18:28.240
<v Speaker 2>boy did he. We'll get to more of that later.

0:18:28.800 --> 0:18:31.720
<v Speaker 2>It's tantalizing to want to pull more from these scant details,

0:18:31.720 --> 0:18:34.160
<v Speaker 2>but we simply don't have it. He learned to play piano,

0:18:34.280 --> 0:18:36.600
<v Speaker 2>We know that he got good marks in school, and

0:18:36.640 --> 0:18:38.720
<v Speaker 2>then at age eleven he has an experience that was

0:18:38.760 --> 0:18:42.159
<v Speaker 2>familiar to all of the sons of like ambitious families

0:18:42.280 --> 0:18:44.720
<v Speaker 2>at this period. Of time anywhere in Europe, which is

0:18:44.760 --> 0:18:47.399
<v Speaker 2>that he got shipped off to like a boarding school,

0:18:47.680 --> 0:18:50.920
<v Speaker 2>right where you know, time to leave your family behind

0:18:51.040 --> 0:18:52.880
<v Speaker 2>and learn how to do whatever it is you're going

0:18:52.920 --> 0:18:55.679
<v Speaker 2>to do. And this is the same in Germany as

0:18:55.720 --> 0:18:59.760
<v Speaker 2>it is basically everywhere else. So he leaves this town

0:18:59.800 --> 0:19:02.720
<v Speaker 2>where he's a member of an outnumbered religious minority for

0:19:02.800 --> 0:19:05.520
<v Speaker 2>a closed world in which everyone around him is Catholic

0:19:05.520 --> 0:19:07.800
<v Speaker 2>as fuck, and he lives there. You know, a large

0:19:07.840 --> 0:19:11.080
<v Speaker 2>portion of the time, his mom wants him to become

0:19:11.119 --> 0:19:14.040
<v Speaker 2>a priest, right, she wants him to get into the clergy,

0:19:14.600 --> 0:19:16.960
<v Speaker 2>and he's not interested in this at all, and she

0:19:17.160 --> 0:19:19.600
<v Speaker 2>never forgives him for this. Right. It's like your mama

0:19:19.640 --> 0:19:22.120
<v Speaker 2>wants you to be a doctor or whatever and you

0:19:22.200 --> 0:19:24.680
<v Speaker 2>fall into some other career and she's just always kind

0:19:24.680 --> 0:19:28.439
<v Speaker 2>of pissed at him. Now, Carl's grades qualify him for

0:19:28.520 --> 0:19:32.320
<v Speaker 2>a scholarship. Eventually he leaves this Catholic school for a

0:19:32.359 --> 0:19:37.000
<v Speaker 2>prestigious local secular gymnasium in Germany that means high school,

0:19:37.160 --> 0:19:40.160
<v Speaker 2>which is confusing. You're not talking about going to work out,

0:19:40.240 --> 0:19:41.600
<v Speaker 2>you're talking about high school.

0:19:42.119 --> 0:19:44.320
<v Speaker 3>More or less. This is odd.

0:19:44.359 --> 0:19:46.600
<v Speaker 2>The fact that he gets to leave his Catholic school

0:19:46.600 --> 0:19:48.639
<v Speaker 2>and go to this secular school is weird because, as

0:19:48.680 --> 0:19:52.240
<v Speaker 2>Balakrishnan writes, Bookish Catholic children were usually singled out as

0:19:52.320 --> 0:19:54.919
<v Speaker 2>potential candidates for the priesthood and would not typically have

0:19:54.920 --> 0:19:57.040
<v Speaker 2>been exposed to the full course of studies. It's such

0:19:57.040 --> 0:19:59.479
<v Speaker 2>a gymnasium. The fact that he was allowed to continue

0:19:59.520 --> 0:20:01.879
<v Speaker 2>his studies suggests that his family placed more value on

0:20:01.920 --> 0:20:05.120
<v Speaker 2>a secular education than was typical of their kind. Right,

0:20:05.720 --> 0:20:08.040
<v Speaker 2>So even though his mom has these goals for him,

0:20:08.080 --> 0:20:10.760
<v Speaker 2>he's allowed to go to a secular school when it's

0:20:10.800 --> 0:20:12.760
<v Speaker 2>clear that that's what he wants, and that is kind

0:20:12.800 --> 0:20:16.320
<v Speaker 2>of interesting. It does show that like they are also modernizing,

0:20:16.320 --> 0:20:18.840
<v Speaker 2>they're not completely stuck in the old way things had been.

0:20:19.480 --> 0:20:22.880
<v Speaker 2>And this going to this secular school kind of ends

0:20:22.960 --> 0:20:26.160
<v Speaker 2>him as a believer, Like he stops believing in God

0:20:26.240 --> 0:20:30.600
<v Speaker 2>here there's this has a very humanistic curriculum, and he

0:20:30.640 --> 0:20:33.800
<v Speaker 2>doesn't he doesn't fully fall into like German idealism and

0:20:33.840 --> 0:20:36.640
<v Speaker 2>all of these kind of like totally secular ideas. There's

0:20:36.640 --> 0:20:39.440
<v Speaker 2>always a little bit of like belief in the divine

0:20:39.760 --> 0:20:43.240
<v Speaker 2>uh that he that he holds too, that even influences

0:20:43.240 --> 0:20:45.679
<v Speaker 2>his ideas on the law, but he stops being a

0:20:45.760 --> 0:20:48.440
<v Speaker 2>literal believing Catholic as a result of this education.

0:20:48.720 --> 0:20:48.880
<v Speaker 4>Right.

0:20:49.880 --> 0:20:52.240
<v Speaker 2>One of his best friends in this period is another Karl,

0:20:52.400 --> 0:20:55.960
<v Speaker 2>last name Kluksen, whose father owned a big department store

0:20:56.040 --> 0:20:58.960
<v Speaker 2>in town. And Kluchsen is an artsy kid, and so

0:20:59.040 --> 0:21:01.679
<v Speaker 2>he kind of inducts Schmidt into the world of what

0:21:01.720 --> 0:21:05.400
<v Speaker 2>we'd call like theater kids and art kids. That's that's

0:21:05.440 --> 0:21:07.960
<v Speaker 2>who Carl's hanging out with. Is like the theater kids

0:21:08.119 --> 0:21:10.520
<v Speaker 2>and like the musicians, the artists. These kids who are

0:21:10.520 --> 0:21:13.440
<v Speaker 2>gonna be like bohemians in the Weimar era, doing Hella

0:21:13.520 --> 0:21:16.520
<v Speaker 2>drugs and eventually getting purged by the Nazis. This is

0:21:16.560 --> 0:21:19.600
<v Speaker 2>his social circle as a teenager, right, That's.

0:21:19.400 --> 0:21:21.280
<v Speaker 4>What turns them into a Nazi. He's like, I can't

0:21:21.280 --> 0:21:23.920
<v Speaker 4>deal with these people are bugging the hell out of me.

0:21:24.000 --> 0:21:25.120
<v Speaker 4>We gotta kill all of them.

0:21:25.200 --> 0:21:27.640
<v Speaker 2>There actually is a there's a degree to which that's true.

0:21:27.920 --> 0:21:29.240
<v Speaker 2>He's theater kids. God damn it.

0:21:29.960 --> 0:21:33.320
<v Speaker 3>Sorry, relatable.

0:21:35.400 --> 0:21:37.359
<v Speaker 2>No, it's actually where he does seem to be going

0:21:37.359 --> 0:21:40.119
<v Speaker 2>down a different path at one point because during his

0:21:40.240 --> 0:21:43.400
<v Speaker 2>last year in secondary school, he starts reading a guy

0:21:43.480 --> 0:21:47.240
<v Speaker 2>named Max Sterner and all the anarchists in the arguments

0:21:47.359 --> 0:21:50.280
<v Speaker 2>in the Audiencer's going, oh what, because Sterner is like,

0:21:50.359 --> 0:21:54.960
<v Speaker 2>he's a very influential anarchist thinker, although calling him that

0:21:55.080 --> 0:21:57.760
<v Speaker 2>even is like it's a very big simplification of what

0:21:57.800 --> 0:21:59.680
<v Speaker 2>he believed. He's the father of a school of thought

0:21:59.680 --> 0:22:02.719
<v Speaker 2>called egoism, which I shouldn't even try to explain here,

0:22:02.760 --> 0:22:06.240
<v Speaker 2>because any discussion of this man sparks furious arguments about

0:22:06.240 --> 0:22:09.840
<v Speaker 2>the thirty or so people who know he existed. That's

0:22:09.880 --> 0:22:11.960
<v Speaker 2>a bit of an exaggeration, but it's enough for you

0:22:12.000 --> 0:22:15.520
<v Speaker 2>to know that Sterner is about as fringe and radical

0:22:15.640 --> 0:22:20.119
<v Speaker 2>a thinker as Germany ever produces, right, And especially the

0:22:20.160 --> 0:22:22.360
<v Speaker 2>fact that he's reading Sterner at this period of time

0:22:22.480 --> 0:22:24.679
<v Speaker 2>means that this is a kid who is drawn to

0:22:24.880 --> 0:22:28.400
<v Speaker 2>radical ideas and dangerously radical ideas. Like you can get

0:22:28.400 --> 0:22:31.040
<v Speaker 2>in some shit for reading Sterner in public school at

0:22:31.040 --> 0:22:33.720
<v Speaker 2>this point in time, right, So he is very drawn

0:22:33.760 --> 0:22:38.480
<v Speaker 2>to like forbidden intellectual topics in a lot of ways. Now,

0:22:38.600 --> 0:22:41.239
<v Speaker 2>one reason Schmidt is interested in Sterner is that his

0:22:41.320 --> 0:22:44.400
<v Speaker 2>writings had contributed to what was called the Vormars, which

0:22:44.440 --> 0:22:48.040
<v Speaker 2>is a period of what scholar Lawrence Stepplvick describes as

0:22:48.080 --> 0:22:52.480
<v Speaker 2>intellectual fermentation. This is happening in the early eighteen hundreds,

0:22:52.800 --> 0:22:55.760
<v Speaker 2>and Sterner is one of these thinkers who's like radical

0:22:55.800 --> 0:23:01.160
<v Speaker 2>ideas contribute to this boiling over of intellectual like discontent

0:23:01.280 --> 0:23:04.040
<v Speaker 2>with the system that contributes to a failed revolution in

0:23:04.080 --> 0:23:06.600
<v Speaker 2>Germany in eighteen forty eight, and in eighteen forty eight,

0:23:06.640 --> 0:23:08.720
<v Speaker 2>there's a shitload all over Europe. There's a bunch of

0:23:08.760 --> 0:23:12.080
<v Speaker 2>failed revolutions. Sterner is a big part of what that

0:23:12.160 --> 0:23:15.280
<v Speaker 2>period of time, and so that's part of Weischmidt is

0:23:15.320 --> 0:23:18.679
<v Speaker 2>interested in him. He's also interested because Sterner is a Hegelian,

0:23:19.240 --> 0:23:21.760
<v Speaker 2>in other words, an intellectual follower of a guy named

0:23:21.760 --> 0:23:25.000
<v Speaker 2>Friedrich Hegel. Philosophy is not my strong suit, but from

0:23:25.040 --> 0:23:28.439
<v Speaker 2>Hegel we get this important concept called the Hegelian dialectic.

0:23:29.000 --> 0:23:32.080
<v Speaker 2>A dialectic is just a method of philosophical argument that

0:23:32.080 --> 0:23:36.360
<v Speaker 2>involves two opposing sides having an intellectual clash. And Hegel's

0:23:36.359 --> 0:23:40.560
<v Speaker 2>particular style of dialectic broadened the concept of opposing sides

0:23:40.600 --> 0:23:44.160
<v Speaker 2>from like Plato, literally depicting arguments between like famous dudes

0:23:44.160 --> 0:23:47.000
<v Speaker 2>who embody different attitudes to and I'm going to quote

0:23:47.000 --> 0:23:50.919
<v Speaker 2>from the Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy. Here different definitions of

0:23:50.960 --> 0:23:53.959
<v Speaker 2>consciousness and of the object that consciousness is aware of

0:23:54.119 --> 0:23:57.400
<v Speaker 2>or claims to know. As in Plato's dialogues, a contradictory

0:23:57.440 --> 0:24:00.960
<v Speaker 2>process between opposing sides and Hegel's dialectic leads to a

0:24:01.040 --> 0:24:04.760
<v Speaker 2>linear evolution or development from less sophisticated definitions or views

0:24:04.920 --> 0:24:08.920
<v Speaker 2>to more sophisticated ones later. The dialectical process thus constitutes

0:24:08.960 --> 0:24:13.240
<v Speaker 2>Hegel's method for arguing against the earlier less sophisticated definitions reviews,

0:24:13.440 --> 0:24:16.720
<v Speaker 2>and for more sophisticated ones later. Now that doesn't seem

0:24:17.000 --> 0:24:19.399
<v Speaker 2>and I know this is this is not what people

0:24:19.440 --> 0:24:21.600
<v Speaker 2>come here for. That doesn't seem like it's anything that

0:24:21.640 --> 0:24:24.240
<v Speaker 2>could piss someone off. Right, This seems very like who

0:24:24.240 --> 0:24:26.600
<v Speaker 2>could be angry about this basic idea?

0:24:26.840 --> 0:24:27.040
<v Speaker 4>Right?

0:24:27.880 --> 0:24:30.439
<v Speaker 2>So many people get pissed off about this. Up to

0:24:30.520 --> 0:24:36.120
<v Speaker 2>the present day, reactionaries fucking hate Hegel and Hegelian dialectics

0:24:36.400 --> 0:24:39.840
<v Speaker 2>because Hegel is like this very scientific and progressive figure

0:24:40.119 --> 0:24:44.760
<v Speaker 2>whose philosophy advocates for like a continual advancement in understanding.

0:24:45.040 --> 0:24:45.200
<v Speaker 4>Right.

0:24:45.640 --> 0:24:48.400
<v Speaker 2>So, in other words, we are working to better ideas

0:24:48.440 --> 0:24:53.120
<v Speaker 2>and better understandings of things, And that's not conservatism. Right,

0:24:53.400 --> 0:24:57.200
<v Speaker 2>that's like the opposite of a reactionary idea. And the

0:24:57.320 --> 0:25:00.359
<v Speaker 2>Nazis are going to consider Hegel like a devil, like

0:25:00.400 --> 0:25:04.760
<v Speaker 2>he is he is Satan himself, right, They're so angry.

0:25:05.760 --> 0:25:08.840
<v Speaker 4>They don't like, let's hear all sides Out's not let's

0:25:08.880 --> 0:25:11.119
<v Speaker 4>give everybody an equal floor to speak. It's not.

0:25:12.040 --> 0:25:14.879
<v Speaker 2>You read that last dense paragraph to like, what are

0:25:14.960 --> 0:25:17.560
<v Speaker 2>these Nazis? And they're they're reaching for I mean literally,

0:25:17.720 --> 0:25:20.200
<v Speaker 2>there's a like I think it's a Goerring quote where

0:25:20.200 --> 0:25:22.720
<v Speaker 2>it's like, I'm going to reach for my gun when

0:25:22.760 --> 0:25:23.720
<v Speaker 2>I hear shit like that.

0:25:24.119 --> 0:25:24.600
<v Speaker 4>Amazing.

0:25:25.680 --> 0:25:28.840
<v Speaker 2>So the Nazis don't like this guy. As George Lucix

0:25:28.840 --> 0:25:32.680
<v Speaker 2>would explain in a nineteen forty three essay, Hegel's scientific

0:25:32.680 --> 0:25:35.720
<v Speaker 2>dialectic is unbearable to them because their worldview season it

0:25:35.800 --> 0:25:38.400
<v Speaker 2>almost in the same words as the old Friedrich Schlingel,

0:25:38.440 --> 0:25:42.159
<v Speaker 2>who became a reactionary a Satanic principle, the principle of evil,

0:25:42.200 --> 0:25:45.800
<v Speaker 2>of the anti German, of the anti racial. So at

0:25:45.800 --> 0:25:48.760
<v Speaker 2>the time Schmid is in school, Hegel is controversial for

0:25:48.840 --> 0:25:51.600
<v Speaker 2>these reasons, like, you know, reactionary. This is a fairly

0:25:51.640 --> 0:25:55.120
<v Speaker 2>reactionary state, and so they don't like this guy whose

0:25:55.320 --> 0:25:57.960
<v Speaker 2>thoughts play a significant role in a revolution that had

0:25:57.960 --> 0:26:01.720
<v Speaker 2>occurred not all that long ago. But there's other reasons

0:26:01.720 --> 0:26:04.879
<v Speaker 2>why they're unhappy with this, right, because after Hegel dies

0:26:04.920 --> 0:26:08.040
<v Speaker 2>in eighteen thirty one, his philosophic school splits into two

0:26:08.080 --> 0:26:12.199
<v Speaker 2>opposing sides. There's young Hegelians and there's old Hegelians. And

0:26:12.280 --> 0:26:15.560
<v Speaker 2>young Hegelians tend to be young people who were convinced

0:26:15.560 --> 0:26:18.520
<v Speaker 2>of Hegel's logic but also convinced that it led inevitably

0:26:18.560 --> 0:26:22.320
<v Speaker 2>to a rational argument for socialist revolution against both the

0:26:22.320 --> 0:26:26.919
<v Speaker 2>Prussian monarchy and against evangelical Lutheranism. Right, and that's not

0:26:27.000 --> 0:26:29.679
<v Speaker 2>going to be super popular with the state. Right that

0:26:29.720 --> 0:26:32.199
<v Speaker 2>there's like a chunk of this guy's followers who, in

0:26:32.240 --> 0:26:34.639
<v Speaker 2>the period of time that Schmidt is reading all this stuff,

0:26:34.680 --> 0:26:37.560
<v Speaker 2>are like, we have to overthrow the government. This is

0:26:37.720 --> 0:26:42.240
<v Speaker 2>radical literature, right. As Laurence Steppovich writes in an article

0:26:42.320 --> 0:26:45.399
<v Speaker 2>for the Journal of Modern Judaism, the Young Hegelian school

0:26:45.440 --> 0:26:47.639
<v Speaker 2>suddenly came into being in eighteen thirty five with a

0:26:47.680 --> 0:26:51.520
<v Speaker 2>brilliant theological study, the Life of Jesus Christ critically examined.

0:26:51.840 --> 0:26:53.920
<v Speaker 2>It was written by a young and little known theologian

0:26:54.040 --> 0:26:57.320
<v Speaker 2>David Friedrich Strauss, who candidly into the shocked embarrassment of

0:26:57.359 --> 0:27:00.120
<v Speaker 2>the old Hegelians, declared that his work was inspired by

0:27:00.119 --> 0:27:03.439
<v Speaker 2>Hegel's philosophy. His reduction of the miracles related to the

0:27:03.440 --> 0:27:05.840
<v Speaker 2>life of Jesus into a collection of mythic tales based

0:27:05.880 --> 0:27:10.120
<v Speaker 2>upon Old Testament expectations simply destroyed the claim that Hegalienism

0:27:10.200 --> 0:27:14.200
<v Speaker 2>and Orthodox evangelical doctrine were compatible. As the Prussian monarchy

0:27:14.280 --> 0:27:17.560
<v Speaker 2>was supportive of and supported by the Orthodox Church, Strauss's

0:27:17.560 --> 0:27:19.679
<v Speaker 2>work was even more disturbing than might be expected from

0:27:19.720 --> 0:27:22.879
<v Speaker 2>a Biblical study. And this is relevant to us because,

0:27:22.920 --> 0:27:27.159
<v Speaker 2>like Sterner is like the marijuana that gets him dropping acid,

0:27:27.200 --> 0:27:31.000
<v Speaker 2>which is reading David Friedrich Strauss. This doesn't sound all

0:27:31.040 --> 0:27:34.560
<v Speaker 2>that like dangerous or even extreme, but in his time,

0:27:34.600 --> 0:27:36.320
<v Speaker 2>this is if you get, like if you're a kid

0:27:36.359 --> 0:27:38.320
<v Speaker 2>in high school who gets caught with a copy of

0:27:38.359 --> 0:27:41.400
<v Speaker 2>the zine why Break Windows, which is like an anarchist

0:27:41.480 --> 0:27:43.679
<v Speaker 2>essay about like why it's not just moral but like

0:27:43.720 --> 0:27:48.320
<v Speaker 2>an astatic act to shatter windows, or something like a

0:27:48.320 --> 0:27:51.119
<v Speaker 2>beginner's guide to targeted property destruction. Both of what you

0:27:51.160 --> 0:27:53.439
<v Speaker 2>can find on crime thinks website. If you're caught with

0:27:53.480 --> 0:27:57.000
<v Speaker 2>those in high school now, you can get in trouble, right, right,

0:27:57.040 --> 0:28:00.000
<v Speaker 2>And it's important you look at this book about Jesus

0:28:00.240 --> 0:28:03.320
<v Speaker 2>that Carl's going to get caught reading this in school.

0:28:04.119 --> 0:28:06.800
<v Speaker 2>The authorities of his time see this as the same

0:28:06.840 --> 0:28:08.399
<v Speaker 2>as they would see those scenes today.

0:28:08.520 --> 0:28:08.680
<v Speaker 3>Right.

0:28:08.800 --> 0:28:11.840
<v Speaker 2>This is that radical, right, That's very much how they

0:28:11.960 --> 0:28:14.280
<v Speaker 2>view it, even though it seems it doesn't seem that

0:28:14.359 --> 0:28:17.919
<v Speaker 2>way to us. Right, So he is he is reading

0:28:18.000 --> 0:28:22.960
<v Speaker 2>like the radical like anti state revolutionary theory. That's that's

0:28:23.080 --> 0:28:25.639
<v Speaker 2>very much like you know, how this is looked at

0:28:25.640 --> 0:28:27.840
<v Speaker 2>at the time. So while Schmidt is being a big nerd,

0:28:28.119 --> 0:28:30.000
<v Speaker 2>the people he's hanging out with are kind of like

0:28:30.080 --> 0:28:32.440
<v Speaker 2>the punks and anarchist radicals of their day.

0:28:32.640 --> 0:28:33.080
<v Speaker 3>Now they're not.

0:28:33.160 --> 0:28:35.760
<v Speaker 2>Most of them are actually more like socialists or social democrats,

0:28:35.800 --> 0:28:38.080
<v Speaker 2>but given that they live under the Kaiser, that's a

0:28:38.080 --> 0:28:41.200
<v Speaker 2>similar level of like, you know, radicalism, you.

0:28:41.160 --> 0:28:43.960
<v Speaker 3>Know, and Strauss you should do that?

0:28:44.960 --> 0:28:48.400
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, okay, sure, why not. Here's fucking ad.

0:28:56.040 --> 0:28:56.640
<v Speaker 3>So we're back.

0:28:57.680 --> 0:29:00.960
<v Speaker 2>So he gets caught reading Strauss in school, He gets

0:29:00.960 --> 0:29:03.640
<v Speaker 2>caught reading this book about Jesus in school, and he

0:29:03.680 --> 0:29:06.200
<v Speaker 2>gets in trouble. He gets like detention, he's putting the

0:29:06.240 --> 0:29:09.240
<v Speaker 2>fucking breakfast club for his like radical reading.

0:29:11.240 --> 0:29:12.160
<v Speaker 3>And yeah, this.

0:29:12.200 --> 0:29:14.320
<v Speaker 2>Is not the only thing he gets punished for when

0:29:14.320 --> 0:29:16.280
<v Speaker 2>he's in his last year of high school. According to

0:29:16.360 --> 0:29:19.560
<v Speaker 2>Ryan hard Mehring quote on August third, nineteen oh six,

0:29:19.640 --> 0:29:21.840
<v Speaker 2>Schmid was punished together with twelve of his peers, with

0:29:21.880 --> 0:29:24.520
<v Speaker 2>one hour of after school detention for breaking the rules

0:29:24.520 --> 0:29:27.360
<v Speaker 2>and visiting a public house. Presumably this was the reason

0:29:27.400 --> 0:29:29.840
<v Speaker 2>he had to leave the seminary in September. Thus, in

0:29:29.880 --> 0:29:32.280
<v Speaker 2>the last months before his final examination, he had to

0:29:32.320 --> 0:29:35.880
<v Speaker 2>commute as a train farer. So he's also he's kind

0:29:35.920 --> 0:29:39.040
<v Speaker 2>of a wild kid. He's like reading you know, revolutionary

0:29:39.080 --> 0:29:41.880
<v Speaker 2>literature and like breaking the rules to get fucking wasted

0:29:41.920 --> 0:29:44.080
<v Speaker 2>with his friends. And he gets kicked out a seminary

0:29:44.200 --> 0:29:48.440
<v Speaker 2>for being too cool actually, which is guy, this is

0:29:48.480 --> 0:29:53.760
<v Speaker 2>the only top the case. Yeah, yeah, yeah, he's hopping trains.

0:29:54.240 --> 0:29:57.240
<v Speaker 2>I mean he probably pays. He's not that cool. So

0:29:57.320 --> 0:29:59.760
<v Speaker 2>as Dolan academic, as this guy appears, he is like

0:30:00.360 --> 0:30:02.600
<v Speaker 2>pretty radical in this period of time. That said, his

0:30:02.680 --> 0:30:06.360
<v Speaker 2>grades remain excellent. Our boy graduates and he gets accepted

0:30:06.600 --> 0:30:10.760
<v Speaker 2>to the prestigious Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin, which is

0:30:10.800 --> 0:30:14.160
<v Speaker 2>also just called the University of Berlin, and you know,

0:30:14.240 --> 0:30:17.640
<v Speaker 2>Yale and like Harvard existed back then. This is the

0:30:17.680 --> 0:30:20.240
<v Speaker 2>top college. A lot of people would argue the best

0:30:20.240 --> 0:30:22.600
<v Speaker 2>college in the world of its day. Right, this is

0:30:22.640 --> 0:30:26.280
<v Speaker 2>the most because Germany's education system is the best. These

0:30:26.280 --> 0:30:28.280
<v Speaker 2>are the Germany is the first country to figure out

0:30:28.320 --> 0:30:31.880
<v Speaker 2>modern universities, and almost anyone would agree this is about

0:30:31.920 --> 0:30:33.720
<v Speaker 2>the best place you could end up as a young

0:30:33.720 --> 0:30:35.280
<v Speaker 2>intellectual in this period of time.

0:30:36.160 --> 0:30:38.320
<v Speaker 4>Robert was this the first time that he was moving

0:30:38.360 --> 0:30:40.480
<v Speaker 4>into a city as well, Like, yes, this is the

0:30:40.520 --> 0:30:41.840
<v Speaker 4>first time he was like Metro.

0:30:41.920 --> 0:30:44.200
<v Speaker 2>A really big city, right, as opposed to like kind

0:30:44.240 --> 0:30:46.920
<v Speaker 2>of a you know, the smaller these large towns and whatnot.

0:30:47.000 --> 0:30:49.640
<v Speaker 2>Now he's in Berlin, right, which is a different level

0:30:49.640 --> 0:30:53.080
<v Speaker 2>of city, and he finds himself drawn to it and

0:30:53.160 --> 0:30:55.120
<v Speaker 2>kind of repulsed by it, right, which we'll talk about

0:30:55.120 --> 0:30:57.120
<v Speaker 2>in a second. But he's a very good student. He

0:30:57.200 --> 0:30:59.960
<v Speaker 2>initially wants to get his degree in philology, which is

0:31:00.120 --> 0:31:03.360
<v Speaker 2>the study of the structure and development of language. But

0:31:03.440 --> 0:31:06.280
<v Speaker 2>he's being supported by his rich uncle who lives nearby,

0:31:06.480 --> 0:31:09.400
<v Speaker 2>and like he'll crash with him during the holidays and

0:31:09.640 --> 0:31:12.000
<v Speaker 2>is his main source of support. And his rich uncle's like,

0:31:12.240 --> 0:31:14.400
<v Speaker 2>you know, philology, the fuck is that shit? No, you're

0:31:14.400 --> 0:31:16.200
<v Speaker 2>getting a law degree. You're gonna have a couple lawyer

0:31:16.240 --> 0:31:23.400
<v Speaker 2>and make money. So he's doing this in Berlin, which

0:31:23.440 --> 0:31:26.520
<v Speaker 2>is again a very different environment than one he's raised in,

0:31:26.600 --> 0:31:30.200
<v Speaker 2>and the different biographers I've read give divergent descriptions, somewhat

0:31:30.200 --> 0:31:33.640
<v Speaker 2>divergent descriptions. Now he felt about it. Balachrishnan describes him

0:31:33.640 --> 0:31:37.080
<v Speaker 2>as deeply ambivalent to the diversity of the metropolis, noting

0:31:37.080 --> 0:31:39.920
<v Speaker 2>that in the popular imagination, urban areas in Germany were

0:31:39.960 --> 0:31:43.160
<v Speaker 2>seen as in some way Jewish as well, and this

0:31:43.240 --> 0:31:47.680
<v Speaker 2>all helped harden his identity as an outsider. Balakrishnan concludes

0:31:47.680 --> 0:31:50.400
<v Speaker 2>that Carl found city life both fascinating and disturbing. And

0:31:50.400 --> 0:31:53.320
<v Speaker 2>here's how Karl himself describes his feelings at the time.

0:31:54.040 --> 0:31:56.560
<v Speaker 2>I was an obscure young man of modest descent. Neither

0:31:56.560 --> 0:31:59.640
<v Speaker 2>the ruling strata nor the opposition included me. That meant

0:31:59.680 --> 0:32:02.440
<v Speaker 2>I ding entirely in the dark. Out of darkness, looked

0:32:02.440 --> 0:32:05.600
<v Speaker 2>into a brightly lit room. The feeling of sadness which

0:32:05.600 --> 0:32:08.000
<v Speaker 2>filled me made me more distant and awoke in some

0:32:08.080 --> 0:32:12.040
<v Speaker 2>other's mistrust and antipathy the ruling strata experienced anybody who

0:32:12.080 --> 0:32:14.560
<v Speaker 2>was not thrilled to be involved with them as heterogeneous.

0:32:14.840 --> 0:32:17.200
<v Speaker 2>It put before him the choice to adapt or withdraw.

0:32:17.480 --> 0:32:20.800
<v Speaker 2>So I remained outside. And this is you know, he's

0:32:20.840 --> 0:32:23.440
<v Speaker 2>not part of the opposition, he's not part of the

0:32:23.520 --> 0:32:26.880
<v Speaker 2>ruling class, and so he can see them all better,

0:32:27.240 --> 0:32:29.800
<v Speaker 2>more accurately than they see themselves, you know, as a

0:32:29.840 --> 0:32:32.560
<v Speaker 2>result of this position that he has, which is often

0:32:32.600 --> 0:32:34.600
<v Speaker 2>the case. That's why a lot of our greatest artists

0:32:34.680 --> 0:32:37.320
<v Speaker 2>are outsiders, you know, in one way or another. Right,

0:32:37.440 --> 0:32:41.320
<v Speaker 2>and Carl is going to have perspective that gives him

0:32:41.320 --> 0:32:43.360
<v Speaker 2>a degree of vision that other people lack.

0:32:44.000 --> 0:32:45.760
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, that's how I feel about New York. I've written

0:32:45.760 --> 0:32:48.040
<v Speaker 4>a very similar thing about New York City. So yeah,

0:32:48.880 --> 0:32:51.720
<v Speaker 4>in the same page, right, So.

0:32:51.760 --> 0:32:54.360
<v Speaker 2>Marrying's more recent biography paints a picture that conflicts with

0:32:54.400 --> 0:32:56.600
<v Speaker 2>a few aspects of this. For one thing, while a

0:32:56.640 --> 0:33:00.360
<v Speaker 2>Krishnan kind of transposes Schmidt's anti semitism that comes later

0:33:00.720 --> 0:33:02.959
<v Speaker 2>into this assumption that maybe he was repelled by the

0:33:02.960 --> 0:33:05.280
<v Speaker 2>city as a result of it in this period of time,

0:33:05.560 --> 0:33:08.200
<v Speaker 2>and there's reason to doubt that, but Mahoring paints a

0:33:08.200 --> 0:33:10.760
<v Speaker 2>picture of a young man who is enthralled by his surroundings.

0:33:10.840 --> 0:33:14.920
<v Speaker 2>He describes university as a temple of higher intellectuality, and

0:33:14.960 --> 0:33:19.040
<v Speaker 2>he finds himself almost religiously obsessed with legal study, particularly

0:33:19.080 --> 0:33:22.440
<v Speaker 2>the Roman origins of Western justice systems. And he likes

0:33:22.480 --> 0:33:25.600
<v Speaker 2>his Roman law classes because he's a Latin nerd so like,

0:33:25.680 --> 0:33:29.640
<v Speaker 2>that's the degree of fucking DWEP. This guy is but

0:33:29.880 --> 0:33:33.840
<v Speaker 2>very smart, and he maintains a sense of superiority towards

0:33:33.920 --> 0:33:37.040
<v Speaker 2>his peers. Right, he feels because he's smarter than them

0:33:37.120 --> 0:33:39.840
<v Speaker 2>and because his interests are so much more esoteric, that

0:33:39.920 --> 0:33:42.920
<v Speaker 2>he's like a better person. That quote I read earlier

0:33:42.960 --> 0:33:45.440
<v Speaker 2>of how Carl viewed himself came from a memoir he

0:33:45.480 --> 0:33:48.680
<v Speaker 2>wrote about his college years, where most of the book

0:33:48.720 --> 0:33:51.120
<v Speaker 2>is him insulting two of his friends, who like shit,

0:33:51.200 --> 0:33:54.719
<v Speaker 2>talks constantly about like being less intelligent than he is.

0:33:55.320 --> 0:33:57.640
<v Speaker 2>And the purpose of that passage where he's talking about

0:33:57.680 --> 0:33:59.200
<v Speaker 2>him being an outsider is like, look at how much

0:33:59.240 --> 0:34:00.760
<v Speaker 2>smarter I was than all these dopes.

0:34:00.800 --> 0:34:01.960
<v Speaker 3>I went to school with.

0:34:02.520 --> 0:34:05.280
<v Speaker 4>Like the Michael Jordan Hall of Fame speech, but with right,

0:34:06.000 --> 0:34:09.600
<v Speaker 4>the creator of fascists, right right? Yes, what are these petty?

0:34:09.640 --> 0:34:11.200
<v Speaker 4>You know? Yeah?

0:34:11.280 --> 0:34:15.200
<v Speaker 2>He is so petty. Per marrying quote, Schmidt claims to

0:34:15.239 --> 0:34:17.360
<v Speaker 2>have had early on a distance from the myths of

0:34:17.400 --> 0:34:19.960
<v Speaker 2>the German Reich under Bismarck and from the national liberal

0:34:19.960 --> 0:34:22.960
<v Speaker 2>atmosphere at Berlin University. He felt his whole life as

0:34:22.960 --> 0:34:26.280
<v Speaker 2>if he were intellectually superior and a social climber and outsider,

0:34:26.320 --> 0:34:28.560
<v Speaker 2>an underdog who does not belong and has not shown

0:34:28.640 --> 0:34:31.200
<v Speaker 2>enough respect, and who in response looks down on the

0:34:31.200 --> 0:34:35.640
<v Speaker 2>bourgeoisie world around him. So this is part of why

0:34:35.680 --> 0:34:39.480
<v Speaker 2>he continues to socialize with artists and creative types. Right is,

0:34:39.560 --> 0:34:41.319
<v Speaker 2>these are other people who are kind of on the

0:34:41.320 --> 0:34:43.840
<v Speaker 2>outside looking in, who he maybe feels a sense of

0:34:43.920 --> 0:34:47.360
<v Speaker 2>kinship with. He spends his nights out with other people

0:34:47.360 --> 0:34:49.600
<v Speaker 2>who see themselves that way and feel like we're turning

0:34:49.640 --> 0:34:52.600
<v Speaker 2>a lins on society and we're thus smarter than everyone else.

0:34:53.320 --> 0:34:56.360
<v Speaker 2>Schmidt doesn't quite settle into Berlin yet. He moves to

0:34:56.400 --> 0:34:58.640
<v Speaker 2>college in Munich the next year, and then he goes

0:34:58.640 --> 0:35:01.120
<v Speaker 2>to Strasbourg the year after, And these are all bigger

0:35:01.160 --> 0:35:04.239
<v Speaker 2>cities than he had lived in before marrying. Suspects he

0:35:04.280 --> 0:35:07.200
<v Speaker 2>moves around so much for financial reasons we don't really know.

0:35:07.280 --> 0:35:10.160
<v Speaker 2>In any case, he falls in love with Strasburg and

0:35:10.160 --> 0:35:12.080
<v Speaker 2>that's where he'll stay for the rest of his education.

0:35:12.440 --> 0:35:14.479
<v Speaker 2>And it's where he meets his mentor, a guy named

0:35:14.520 --> 0:35:18.880
<v Speaker 2>Fritz von Kalker, who becomes his doctoral supervisor. Von Kalker

0:35:18.960 --> 0:35:21.719
<v Speaker 2>is a criminal law professor with a particular interest in

0:35:21.760 --> 0:35:26.400
<v Speaker 2>how morality impacts punishment under the law, right, what is

0:35:26.520 --> 0:35:28.719
<v Speaker 2>moral in terms of a punishment, and how is the

0:35:28.719 --> 0:35:31.120
<v Speaker 2>morality of a society of a society even how does

0:35:31.160 --> 0:35:33.000
<v Speaker 2>it relate to how they punish people?

0:35:33.120 --> 0:35:35.560
<v Speaker 1>This this is his Roy Kohne.

0:35:35.600 --> 0:35:36.680
<v Speaker 3>This is his Roy Cohne.

0:35:36.800 --> 0:35:39.920
<v Speaker 1>Kind of yes, okay, so far he sounds like not

0:35:40.040 --> 0:35:40.919
<v Speaker 1>a very chill guy.

0:35:41.640 --> 0:35:41.880
<v Speaker 4>He's not.

0:35:42.640 --> 0:35:44.720
<v Speaker 3>He's a very intense intellectual.

0:35:45.320 --> 0:35:48.319
<v Speaker 2>And Fritz is the most important person in Carl's early

0:35:48.320 --> 0:35:50.680
<v Speaker 2>life because he really takes this kid under his wing.

0:35:50.920 --> 0:35:54.080
<v Speaker 2>He supports him getting his doctorate, he finds him work

0:35:54.120 --> 0:35:56.880
<v Speaker 2>in various positions for the university, and he will continue

0:35:56.880 --> 0:35:58.840
<v Speaker 2>to go to bat for this guy, which is interesting

0:35:58.880 --> 0:36:02.440
<v Speaker 2>because later in Karl will pretend this dude never existed.

0:36:02.520 --> 0:36:06.200
<v Speaker 2>He keeps no cops of this guy's work in his library. Yeah,

0:36:06.239 --> 0:36:08.839
<v Speaker 2>it's a little bit like that, right, And this is

0:36:08.920 --> 0:36:11.080
<v Speaker 2>you know, he keeps basically every other letter he gets

0:36:11.120 --> 0:36:13.279
<v Speaker 2>in his life, but he throws out most of the

0:36:13.320 --> 0:36:16.000
<v Speaker 2>ones to van Kalker, which is interesting because von Kalker

0:36:16.040 --> 0:36:18.080
<v Speaker 2>literally saves his life at a later point.

0:36:18.120 --> 0:36:18.400
<v Speaker 4>Here.

0:36:19.040 --> 0:36:21.680
<v Speaker 2>Now, another key person in Karl's young life who he

0:36:21.719 --> 0:36:24.840
<v Speaker 2>will later jettison as an adult is Fritz Eisler.

0:36:25.120 --> 0:36:29.400
<v Speaker 3>Fritz is a lot of Fritz. It's Germany.

0:36:29.719 --> 0:36:32.120
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, that's what we signed up for. We signed up

0:36:32.160 --> 0:36:34.080
<v Speaker 4>for this. The moment you chose this guy, we're gonna

0:36:34.080 --> 0:36:34.800
<v Speaker 4>have a million Fritz.

0:36:34.960 --> 0:36:36.799
<v Speaker 2>There were gonna be a shitload of Fritz's.

0:36:37.239 --> 0:36:39.399
<v Speaker 3>None of them can's. God, damn, it's too late.

0:36:39.920 --> 0:36:41.040
<v Speaker 4>There's no turn back.

0:36:41.400 --> 0:36:43.000
<v Speaker 3>We'll call this guy Eisler.

0:36:43.160 --> 0:36:46.000
<v Speaker 2>Right, and Eisler he meets because they're both working for

0:36:46.120 --> 0:36:49.600
<v Speaker 2>von Kalker, is like assistants, and Eisler becomes his best

0:36:49.600 --> 0:36:52.160
<v Speaker 2>friend during the five terms he spends in Strasburg getting

0:36:52.160 --> 0:36:55.600
<v Speaker 2>his doctorate. And this is noteworthy because Eisler is Jewish, right,

0:36:56.239 --> 0:36:58.920
<v Speaker 2>and contrary to how Bala Krishnan depicts him as a

0:36:58.960 --> 0:37:01.160
<v Speaker 2>young man, is uneasy with the city because of its

0:37:01.200 --> 0:37:04.920
<v Speaker 2>ineffable Jewishness. His best friend in his favorite city is

0:37:04.960 --> 0:37:07.840
<v Speaker 2>a young jew from a prominent family. And Eisler is

0:37:07.840 --> 0:37:11.080
<v Speaker 2>not only Jewish, he is a Hungarian national who, despite

0:37:11.120 --> 0:37:14.680
<v Speaker 2>being a Hungarian national, identifies as German, and this whole

0:37:14.760 --> 0:37:18.279
<v Speaker 2>period is trying to get legal status in Germany. He

0:37:18.360 --> 0:37:22.560
<v Speaker 2>is trying to get German citizenship, and he wants. Eisler's

0:37:22.600 --> 0:37:25.560
<v Speaker 2>whole goal in life is a social acceptance as a

0:37:25.600 --> 0:37:28.520
<v Speaker 2>citizen of the German Reich. And this is a difficult

0:37:28.560 --> 0:37:31.320
<v Speaker 2>battle for even a rich young Jewish Man because nearly

0:37:31.360 --> 0:37:35.880
<v Speaker 2>everybody's incredibly racist, right, So it's interesting that Schmidt isn't

0:37:36.320 --> 0:37:40.000
<v Speaker 2>in this period right at least not towards Eisler, that

0:37:40.040 --> 0:37:42.799
<v Speaker 2>he's willing to because Schmidt expresses a degree of like

0:37:42.800 --> 0:37:46.920
<v Speaker 2>bigotry as well, but never not towards Eisler in this period,

0:37:47.000 --> 0:37:49.200
<v Speaker 2>which is interesting. It shows that he's got this degree

0:37:49.200 --> 0:37:51.920
<v Speaker 2>of ability to kind of look past that. So the

0:37:51.920 --> 0:37:55.279
<v Speaker 2>two became buds in nineteen oh eight. They get their

0:37:55.320 --> 0:37:59.640
<v Speaker 2>doctorates in like nineteen ten. Merriing writes that quote through Eisler,

0:37:59.680 --> 0:38:02.480
<v Speaker 2>Schmidt for the first time came into more intense contact

0:38:02.480 --> 0:38:06.400
<v Speaker 2>with Jewish people and with judaism, and the difference in

0:38:06.440 --> 0:38:09.120
<v Speaker 2>the theses that these guys pick for their doctorate is

0:38:09.160 --> 0:38:12.320
<v Speaker 2>interesting to me. Eisler goes for this very standard topic,

0:38:12.480 --> 0:38:15.680
<v Speaker 2>like he's analyzing a bunch of defamation lawsuits and is like,

0:38:15.719 --> 0:38:18.280
<v Speaker 2>what what are the ones that succeed all have in common?

0:38:18.480 --> 0:38:18.640
<v Speaker 4>Right?

0:38:18.920 --> 0:38:19.719
<v Speaker 3>Pretty normal law?

0:38:19.800 --> 0:38:20.600
<v Speaker 4>Your stuff? Right?

0:38:21.080 --> 0:38:24.760
<v Speaker 2>Schmidt picks a much more philosophical and a very catholic topic.

0:38:25.200 --> 0:38:28.759
<v Speaker 2>His paper is titled on Guilt and Types of Guilt, which,

0:38:29.160 --> 0:38:34.799
<v Speaker 2>again super catholic, but also god, you know, Isler's doing

0:38:34.800 --> 0:38:37.400
<v Speaker 2>this nuts and bolts. Okay, if you're arguing for a

0:38:37.440 --> 0:38:40.680
<v Speaker 2>defamation case, what's what you know? Statistically? What what is

0:38:40.800 --> 0:38:43.799
<v Speaker 2>likelier to work for you? Marrying is wondering what does

0:38:43.840 --> 0:38:45.240
<v Speaker 2>it mean to be guilty?

0:38:45.520 --> 0:38:45.719
<v Speaker 3>Right?

0:38:46.160 --> 0:38:46.360
<v Speaker 1>You know?

0:38:48.080 --> 0:38:50.200
<v Speaker 4>Guilt and types of guilt? Why is my mom a

0:38:50.239 --> 0:38:52.640
<v Speaker 4>piece of shit? Shit? She was?

0:38:52.840 --> 0:38:53.160
<v Speaker 1>She was?

0:38:53.239 --> 0:38:54.760
<v Speaker 3>She ever? Stop giving me crap?

0:38:54.880 --> 0:38:57.920
<v Speaker 4>Yeah? Now.

0:38:57.920 --> 0:39:00.560
<v Speaker 2>The actual content of his piece is an argument that

0:39:00.560 --> 0:39:04.520
<v Speaker 2>the law fundamentally hinges on an arbitrary, free floating element.

0:39:04.760 --> 0:39:06.600
<v Speaker 2>No matter how much the law may claim to be

0:39:06.640 --> 0:39:09.960
<v Speaker 2>an objective thing, it always relies to some extent on

0:39:10.000 --> 0:39:12.920
<v Speaker 2>the ability of a judge to determine a sentence. In

0:39:12.960 --> 0:39:15.440
<v Speaker 2>other words, you can have whole reams of law, books

0:39:15.480 --> 0:39:18.480
<v Speaker 2>and legislature that can give the appearance of a mechanistic

0:39:18.520 --> 0:39:21.880
<v Speaker 2>system that functions based on objective measures, but the law

0:39:21.960 --> 0:39:24.640
<v Speaker 2>is always at its core reliant on the discretion and

0:39:24.680 --> 0:39:29.000
<v Speaker 2>decisions of individuals. Right, And that's a very important realization. Now,

0:39:29.200 --> 0:39:31.560
<v Speaker 2>this is in keeping with a major trend in German

0:39:31.640 --> 0:39:34.480
<v Speaker 2>jurisprudence at the time, which is called the free law movement,

0:39:34.520 --> 0:39:37.680
<v Speaker 2>which stands in opposition to legal positivism, which is a

0:39:37.719 --> 0:39:39.880
<v Speaker 2>trend that had swept through in the eighteen seventies with

0:39:39.920 --> 0:39:41.799
<v Speaker 2>the goal of like, we don't want to talk about

0:39:41.880 --> 0:39:45.320
<v Speaker 2>natural law, about like the natural rights of man and stuff.

0:39:45.480 --> 0:39:47.320
<v Speaker 2>We want to talk about like what are we saying

0:39:47.440 --> 0:39:50.280
<v Speaker 2>are people's rights? What are we saying is legal and illegal?

0:39:50.360 --> 0:39:50.520
<v Speaker 4>Right?

0:39:50.560 --> 0:39:52.920
<v Speaker 2>So there's a struggle between people who want this absolute

0:39:52.920 --> 0:39:55.839
<v Speaker 2>code that handles how things should be adjudicated in every

0:39:55.880 --> 0:39:59.320
<v Speaker 2>situation versus people who are like, now, the creative power

0:39:59.360 --> 0:40:03.200
<v Speaker 2>of a judged to interpret justice matters. Right, And Schmidt

0:40:03.200 --> 0:40:07.560
<v Speaker 2>simultaneously recognizes there's this arbitrary core to the legal code,

0:40:07.920 --> 0:40:10.239
<v Speaker 2>but he also starts to value what he described as

0:40:10.320 --> 0:40:14.440
<v Speaker 2>higher law. This sort of like maybe even divine natural justice,

0:40:14.840 --> 0:40:18.719
<v Speaker 2>that the law is always moving closer to representing. And

0:40:18.760 --> 0:40:21.400
<v Speaker 2>he writes about guilt not as an internal thing, but

0:40:21.440 --> 0:40:24.000
<v Speaker 2>as a legal category. In other words, he concludes that

0:40:24.280 --> 0:40:27.000
<v Speaker 2>it doesn't matter if you've done what the state accuses

0:40:27.080 --> 0:40:27.359
<v Speaker 2>you of.

0:40:27.960 --> 0:40:29.359
<v Speaker 3>Guilt is a legal.

0:40:29.040 --> 0:40:32.000
<v Speaker 2>Status, and moral norms are bound by the law, not

0:40:32.080 --> 0:40:34.160
<v Speaker 2>the other way around. You can kind of see how

0:40:34.160 --> 0:40:36.520
<v Speaker 2>a man making conclusions like this might wind up as

0:40:36.520 --> 0:40:40.640
<v Speaker 2>a fascist. Right, guilt is a category. What you did

0:40:40.760 --> 0:40:41.560
<v Speaker 2>is immaterial.

0:40:42.360 --> 0:40:46.080
<v Speaker 4>Guilt's the marijuana of the fascism assage.

0:40:46.120 --> 0:40:50.160
<v Speaker 2>Right right, yes, yes, to continue using the gateway drug metaphor.

0:40:50.880 --> 0:40:51.080
<v Speaker 4>Right.

0:40:51.200 --> 0:40:54.080
<v Speaker 2>So, when he's not writing wonky legal arguments, he and

0:40:54.160 --> 0:40:58.879
<v Speaker 2>his friend Eisler attempted to start a satire magazine. And god,

0:40:58.920 --> 0:41:02.000
<v Speaker 2>this must have been fucking unreadable because they're they're doing this.

0:41:02.200 --> 0:41:05.799
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, just imagine, like your most up their

0:41:05.840 --> 0:41:09.160
<v Speaker 2>own asshole friends in college. They make a satire magazine

0:41:09.200 --> 0:41:13.000
<v Speaker 2>that's mostly about Friedrich Nietzsche, Thomas Mann, Walter Rathanol, like

0:41:13.040 --> 0:41:16.440
<v Speaker 2>all these German intellectuals that they have issues with that

0:41:16.480 --> 0:41:19.560
<v Speaker 2>they're just like making fun as like teenagers making fun

0:41:19.600 --> 0:41:22.520
<v Speaker 2>of these like these great intellectuals that are part of

0:41:22.600 --> 0:41:26.000
<v Speaker 2>like German culture, and that's the it seems to be

0:41:26.040 --> 0:41:27.840
<v Speaker 2>the whole reason for this magazine. Seems to be that

0:41:27.880 --> 0:41:31.839
<v Speaker 2>all these guys are respected contributors to German culture, and

0:41:31.920 --> 0:41:34.239
<v Speaker 2>Schmidt wants to take them down a peg to prove

0:41:34.239 --> 0:41:37.320
<v Speaker 2>he's not like everyone else. And I wonder maybe Eisler,

0:41:37.400 --> 0:41:39.360
<v Speaker 2>as a Hungarian and as a Jew, maybe feels a

0:41:39.360 --> 0:41:41.959
<v Speaker 2>similar need right where like these guys aren't any better

0:41:42.000 --> 0:41:44.680
<v Speaker 2>than I am. Like, yeah, let's let's let's fucking puncture

0:41:44.719 --> 0:41:45.440
<v Speaker 2>them a little bit.

0:41:46.200 --> 0:41:46.480
<v Speaker 3>Now.

0:41:46.840 --> 0:41:49.880
<v Speaker 2>They hope that this would sell and make the money. Again,

0:41:50.000 --> 0:41:54.440
<v Speaker 2>they are delusional. This is not like the satire magazine

0:41:54.520 --> 0:41:56.080
<v Speaker 2>is not going to take off.

0:41:56.120 --> 0:41:59.400
<v Speaker 4>There's no era, absolutely not.

0:42:00.440 --> 0:42:05.920
<v Speaker 2>It's mad magazine. But it's all about Nietzsche. Like okay, maybe.

0:42:05.600 --> 0:42:06.239
<v Speaker 3>Cal him down.

0:42:06.600 --> 0:42:09.759
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, maybe just read that yourself. Maybe just read that

0:42:09.800 --> 0:42:10.439
<v Speaker 4>in your own home.

0:42:10.680 --> 0:42:15.080
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, that might just be for you and your friend Eisler. Yeah.

0:42:15.120 --> 0:42:17.239
<v Speaker 2>So, because they can't make money off of this, and

0:42:17.280 --> 0:42:20.799
<v Speaker 2>Schmidt is struggling, is basically is going to spend like

0:42:20.840 --> 0:42:24.120
<v Speaker 2>the first almost decade of his adulthood as an intern unpaid,

0:42:24.280 --> 0:42:26.600
<v Speaker 2>because that's what being an academic means in this period

0:42:26.640 --> 0:42:29.200
<v Speaker 2>of time, so you have to have support from someone.

0:42:29.800 --> 0:42:32.959
<v Speaker 2>And Eisler begs his family like, hey, this this friend

0:42:32.960 --> 0:42:35.040
<v Speaker 2>of mine is brilliant and he's a good guy. He's

0:42:35.080 --> 0:42:39.239
<v Speaker 2>not a racist. We've got money, dad, will you give

0:42:39.360 --> 0:42:40.319
<v Speaker 2>money to this guy?

0:42:40.600 --> 0:42:40.799
<v Speaker 4>Right?

0:42:41.080 --> 0:42:43.440
<v Speaker 2>And as a matter of fact, for like most of

0:42:43.440 --> 0:42:46.640
<v Speaker 2>his twenties up until World War One, the Eislers will

0:42:46.680 --> 0:42:50.400
<v Speaker 2>be Schmidt's primary source of financial support. This Jewish family

0:42:50.880 --> 0:42:54.840
<v Speaker 2>really keeps this kid from starving, you know which, given

0:42:54.880 --> 0:42:57.239
<v Speaker 2>what he's going to do to Jewish people later, is

0:42:57.320 --> 0:43:02.120
<v Speaker 2>just an extra level of fuck. In letters to his sister,

0:43:02.360 --> 0:43:05.520
<v Speaker 2>Carl's sister, who became a teacher in Portugal during this period,

0:43:05.760 --> 0:43:09.120
<v Speaker 2>Carl showed an obsession and a frustration with his relative poverty,

0:43:09.440 --> 0:43:11.720
<v Speaker 2>writing that neither of them, either he or his sister,

0:43:11.840 --> 0:43:15.160
<v Speaker 2>had been careful enough in choosing their parents, and complaining

0:43:15.160 --> 0:43:17.719
<v Speaker 2>that rich people were conceded so both like, fuck my

0:43:17.760 --> 0:43:19.840
<v Speaker 2>mom and dad for not making us rich and also

0:43:19.920 --> 0:43:20.760
<v Speaker 2>fuck rich people.

0:43:20.920 --> 0:43:23.120
<v Speaker 4>Fuck rich people, yeah, yeah.

0:43:23.239 --> 0:43:25.480
<v Speaker 2>One letter he sent her on the subject included this

0:43:25.560 --> 0:43:28.640
<v Speaker 2>interesting line, this is what makes our time so dreadful

0:43:28.680 --> 0:43:30.799
<v Speaker 2>that the individual person, what he is and what he

0:43:30.840 --> 0:43:33.680
<v Speaker 2>can do never matters, only the role that he can

0:43:33.719 --> 0:43:38.520
<v Speaker 2>play in society. You know, it's an interesting, interesting issue. Yeah,

0:43:38.560 --> 0:43:41.399
<v Speaker 2>I think it's not an uncommon thing to feel during

0:43:41.400 --> 0:43:44.560
<v Speaker 2>this period of time, Right, I'm no one cares about

0:43:44.560 --> 0:43:46.319
<v Speaker 2>who I am, just like what I can do, how

0:43:46.400 --> 0:43:48.719
<v Speaker 2>much money I can make. And that's like, it's kind

0:43:48.719 --> 0:43:50.479
<v Speaker 2>of fuck that society works that way.

0:43:51.080 --> 0:43:54.080
<v Speaker 4>And it's that type of humor that made that satire table.

0:43:54.200 --> 0:43:57.840
<v Speaker 2>That made his magazine really take off. National Lampoon acquired

0:43:57.880 --> 0:44:02.399
<v Speaker 2>it for three million dollars. Yeah, now that's a very

0:44:02.920 --> 0:44:06.480
<v Speaker 2>like wow, easy to identify with sentence. Here's the one

0:44:06.480 --> 0:44:09.000
<v Speaker 2>that's less easy to identify with. So he warns his

0:44:09.080 --> 0:44:12.000
<v Speaker 2>sister in the same letter to be careful with men. Quote,

0:44:12.239 --> 0:44:15.520
<v Speaker 2>don't trust these Portuguese happy go lucky win bags an inch,

0:44:15.760 --> 0:44:17.719
<v Speaker 2>don't even begin anything with them.

0:44:19.840 --> 0:44:21.240
<v Speaker 4>Same sentence, by the way.

0:44:21.400 --> 0:44:23.640
<v Speaker 3>There was same sentence, same sentence.

0:44:23.640 --> 0:44:26.640
<v Speaker 2>There's a semicin, Oh, society judges us on all these

0:44:26.640 --> 0:44:29.359
<v Speaker 2>bullshit things. Don't ever trust a Portuguese man while we're

0:44:29.400 --> 0:44:36.480
<v Speaker 2>at it, these fucking Portuguese wind bags. So, after a

0:44:36.520 --> 0:44:39.360
<v Speaker 2>brief period working for his brother as a lawyer's assistant,

0:44:39.400 --> 0:44:42.160
<v Speaker 2>he continued to squeak By as an academic lecturing and

0:44:42.160 --> 0:44:44.279
<v Speaker 2>getting bits of work off the strength of his now

0:44:44.320 --> 0:44:47.800
<v Speaker 2>published thesis. In his free time, he flirted and seems

0:44:47.840 --> 0:44:51.200
<v Speaker 2>to have gone after women compulsively. Merrying describes this as

0:44:51.239 --> 0:44:54.560
<v Speaker 2>like his in his own mind. His original sin is

0:44:54.560 --> 0:44:57.640
<v Speaker 2>that this guy just can't stop trying to fuck, Like

0:44:57.719 --> 0:45:01.319
<v Speaker 2>he is really horny and a bad judgment and is

0:45:01.520 --> 0:45:05.000
<v Speaker 2>constantly screwing around. He may have actually been kind of

0:45:05.040 --> 0:45:07.799
<v Speaker 2>a player at one point. It's a little hard to tell.

0:45:07.840 --> 0:45:10.480
<v Speaker 2>But like his earliest serious fling that we have evidence

0:45:10.520 --> 0:45:14.040
<v Speaker 2>with is this pair of Jewish sisters, the Bernsteins, who

0:45:14.040 --> 0:45:17.360
<v Speaker 2>he's like in a love triangle with. He's like, and

0:45:17.400 --> 0:45:19.799
<v Speaker 2>it's unclear given the time, is he just flirting with

0:45:19.840 --> 0:45:22.319
<v Speaker 2>both of them or are they actually like go in

0:45:22.440 --> 0:45:25.800
<v Speaker 2>at it right? But he wants to marry one of them, Helene,

0:45:26.120 --> 0:45:29.000
<v Speaker 2>But he's also kind of stringing the other along like

0:45:29.040 --> 0:45:32.120
<v Speaker 2>he's gotta he's got a he's got a triangle with

0:45:32.200 --> 0:45:33.239
<v Speaker 2>these two sisters.

0:45:33.480 --> 0:45:35.480
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I don't know. This sounds like Portuguese wind bag

0:45:35.520 --> 0:45:36.040
<v Speaker 4>behavior to me.

0:45:36.280 --> 0:45:41.160
<v Speaker 2>It's like a Portuguese wind's like a Portuguese win. Now

0:45:41.200 --> 0:45:44.640
<v Speaker 2>he tries to marry Helene. And again this is these

0:45:44.719 --> 0:45:46.640
<v Speaker 2>these sisters are Jewish, so the fact that he wants

0:45:46.680 --> 0:45:48.600
<v Speaker 2>to marry this woman at one point is really interesting,

0:45:48.600 --> 0:45:52.000
<v Speaker 2>again given what he's going to become. But her family

0:45:52.040 --> 0:45:54.840
<v Speaker 2>won't let him because he has no money, and like,

0:45:54.920 --> 0:45:57.160
<v Speaker 2>this is not just you know, U, this is a

0:45:57.200 --> 0:46:00.439
<v Speaker 2>thing any German father pretty much would have had set

0:46:00.480 --> 0:46:03.439
<v Speaker 2>at the time. It's like, well, you're an academic, maybe

0:46:03.440 --> 0:46:05.719
<v Speaker 2>you'll have a career, but right now you literally don't

0:46:05.760 --> 0:46:08.440
<v Speaker 2>have income. So no, you can't marry my daughter. You

0:46:08.480 --> 0:46:09.879
<v Speaker 2>have no way of supporting her.

0:46:10.000 --> 0:46:10.200
<v Speaker 1>Right.

0:46:10.560 --> 0:46:12.440
<v Speaker 2>This is not a thing that just would have happened

0:46:12.440 --> 0:46:14.200
<v Speaker 2>because of like the religion of her father. This was

0:46:14.239 --> 0:46:16.759
<v Speaker 2>a totally normal thing at the time. And this is

0:46:16.800 --> 0:46:19.839
<v Speaker 2>something that's driving him crazy that he can't get married, right,

0:46:20.160 --> 0:46:23.719
<v Speaker 2>He has nothing coming in and he starts to get

0:46:23.719 --> 0:46:27.040
<v Speaker 2>increasingly angry at society, which we see in his letters

0:46:27.080 --> 0:46:31.040
<v Speaker 2>to his sister quote every person is vehemently egotistic, and

0:46:31.080 --> 0:46:33.360
<v Speaker 2>it is a miracle they do not murder and poison

0:46:33.400 --> 0:46:38.319
<v Speaker 2>each other, but inquire about the weather instead. So he's

0:46:38.480 --> 0:46:41.160
<v Speaker 2>become very black pilled at this point in time. He

0:46:41.200 --> 0:46:44.439
<v Speaker 2>can't get married. He seems locked out at this point

0:46:44.520 --> 0:46:47.360
<v Speaker 2>from and so close to being where he needs to

0:46:47.400 --> 0:46:50.480
<v Speaker 2>be right, but he just can't cross that border because

0:46:50.520 --> 0:46:51.480
<v Speaker 2>he was born poor.

0:46:52.600 --> 0:46:55.600
<v Speaker 4>It is interesting that he chooses his sister to confide into,

0:46:55.880 --> 0:46:58.040
<v Speaker 4>you know, like, I wonder why, Yeah, that was.

0:46:58.040 --> 0:47:02.080
<v Speaker 2>He hates his younger sister. His older sister who's in Portugal,

0:47:02.120 --> 0:47:04.279
<v Speaker 2>he seems to really trust, and maybe she's the only

0:47:04.320 --> 0:47:06.759
<v Speaker 2>member of his family that he can trust. It kind

0:47:06.760 --> 0:47:07.760
<v Speaker 2>of does seem that way.

0:47:08.160 --> 0:47:08.920
<v Speaker 4>A mother figure.

0:47:09.480 --> 0:47:10.920
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, maybe a little bit of a maybe, or at

0:47:10.960 --> 0:47:12.880
<v Speaker 2>least someone how yeah, how he would have liked to

0:47:12.920 --> 0:47:13.800
<v Speaker 2>have felt about.

0:47:13.560 --> 0:47:15.239
<v Speaker 4>His mother, his chosen mother.

0:47:15.800 --> 0:47:19.880
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, speaking of poisoning and murdering each other. Well, uh,

0:47:20.120 --> 0:47:20.719
<v Speaker 2>don't do that.

0:47:20.840 --> 0:47:29.160
<v Speaker 3>Listen to ads. Okay, we're back.

0:47:29.520 --> 0:47:32.440
<v Speaker 2>So obviously this is nineteen twelve. World War One is

0:47:32.520 --> 0:47:35.120
<v Speaker 2>right around the horizon, but Carl doesn't know that yet,

0:47:35.160 --> 0:47:37.279
<v Speaker 2>and he is much more concerned with matters of the

0:47:37.320 --> 0:47:39.799
<v Speaker 2>heart than the fact that everything is about to get

0:47:39.840 --> 0:47:42.759
<v Speaker 2>really fucked up for everybody in his world. He had

0:47:42.800 --> 0:47:45.880
<v Speaker 2>been banned from the Bernstein House after continuing to pursue

0:47:45.920 --> 0:47:49.640
<v Speaker 2>Helena after her parents said no. So he is he

0:47:49.719 --> 0:47:52.120
<v Speaker 2>is that kind of suitor, like he will not give

0:47:52.160 --> 0:47:54.279
<v Speaker 2>up and eventually her dad's like, motherfucker, I'm calling the

0:47:54.280 --> 0:47:56.919
<v Speaker 2>cops if you come back here again. The good news

0:47:56.960 --> 0:47:59.480
<v Speaker 2>for him is that within weeks of this, he meets

0:47:59.480 --> 0:48:03.280
<v Speaker 2>a Spanish dancer at a cabaret. She calls herself Kri

0:48:03.680 --> 0:48:06.040
<v Speaker 2>and when they strike up a relationship, she tells him

0:48:06.040 --> 0:48:11.400
<v Speaker 2>her full name is Pauline Carita Maria Isabella von Doretik. Now,

0:48:11.880 --> 0:48:15.960
<v Speaker 2>if you know German vaughan means someone is a noble, right,

0:48:16.520 --> 0:48:19.200
<v Speaker 2>Like that's a marker that you are of the nobility.

0:48:19.239 --> 0:48:22.080
<v Speaker 2>And this woman is claiming to be the daughter of

0:48:22.120 --> 0:48:24.880
<v Speaker 2>a noble family. And so as soon as he's like

0:48:25.320 --> 0:48:29.520
<v Speaker 2>got the interests of this dancer who's like got noble blood,

0:48:29.760 --> 0:48:32.920
<v Speaker 2>he drops all interest in these sisters he's been pursuing,

0:48:33.160 --> 0:48:35.360
<v Speaker 2>and he writes to her, his sister, I now have

0:48:35.400 --> 0:48:40.200
<v Speaker 2>a delightful friendship with a Spanish dancer. Now Carrie is

0:48:40.200 --> 0:48:44.000
<v Speaker 2>not Spanish, she is also not a noble woman. Every

0:48:44.040 --> 0:48:47.279
<v Speaker 2>aspect of Carrie's life was fake. She claimed to be

0:48:47.360 --> 0:48:49.879
<v Speaker 2>the daughter of a Croatian lord who had died, which

0:48:49.880 --> 0:48:51.880
<v Speaker 2>had forced her to travel to Munich to live with

0:48:51.920 --> 0:48:55.920
<v Speaker 2>a cruel aunt, which was basically a Disney fable. She

0:48:56.000 --> 0:48:58.400
<v Speaker 2>also claimed that she'd been born a week after Karl,

0:48:58.440 --> 0:49:00.759
<v Speaker 2>when in reality she was five years older than him.

0:49:01.760 --> 0:49:04.480
<v Speaker 2>She was the illegitimate daughter of a Viennese woman and

0:49:04.520 --> 0:49:07.960
<v Speaker 2>a Croatian plumber. And for all of his brains, Carl

0:49:08.200 --> 0:49:11.520
<v Speaker 2>never catches her in her life like not or at

0:49:11.600 --> 0:49:14.160
<v Speaker 2>least at this point right, he buys in all of

0:49:14.200 --> 0:49:17.400
<v Speaker 2>her stories of royal life, everything she says about herself.

0:49:17.600 --> 0:49:20.719
<v Speaker 2>He has completely fallen for this woman and all of

0:49:20.760 --> 0:49:24.040
<v Speaker 2>his colleagues because again he's a doctor. At this point right,

0:49:24.239 --> 0:49:27.160
<v Speaker 2>all of his colleagues are like, man, this chick is

0:49:27.480 --> 0:49:30.480
<v Speaker 2>not She's lying to you, for one, but this is bullshit.

0:49:30.800 --> 0:49:34.560
<v Speaker 4>Like there's no Spanish accent here.

0:49:34.000 --> 0:49:38.200
<v Speaker 2>She doesn't sound Spanish. That's not a Spanish name. Why,

0:49:38.440 --> 0:49:42.520
<v Speaker 2>Like this family doesn't exist. She has a Croatian accent.

0:49:43.560 --> 0:49:46.480
<v Speaker 2>His mentors gently warned him against getting with what they

0:49:46.480 --> 0:49:49.480
<v Speaker 2>called a tingle tangle girl. And this is a term

0:49:49.520 --> 0:49:51.480
<v Speaker 2>at the time it refers to like the kind of

0:49:51.560 --> 0:49:55.640
<v Speaker 2>clangy sort of like bits of like jewelry that dancers

0:49:55.680 --> 0:49:58.719
<v Speaker 2>at burlesque's and whatnot would wear. It means that they're

0:49:58.719 --> 0:50:01.120
<v Speaker 2>calling her a stripper, right, or they're calling her outright

0:50:01.160 --> 0:50:03.400
<v Speaker 2>a whore. That's what a tingle tangle means at this

0:50:03.480 --> 0:50:06.279
<v Speaker 2>period of time, right, Like, man, you have fallen for

0:50:06.360 --> 0:50:08.480
<v Speaker 2>this stripper and she is lying about her past. That's

0:50:08.480 --> 0:50:11.759
<v Speaker 2>what his friends are saying. Right, That's that's the equivalent

0:50:11.800 --> 0:50:14.520
<v Speaker 2>in modern terms, right. But he doesn't care. He's in

0:50:14.560 --> 0:50:17.120
<v Speaker 2>love with this woman. He believes her, and he believes

0:50:17.120 --> 0:50:20.399
<v Speaker 2>her even though they can get married because her dad's dead.

0:50:20.480 --> 0:50:22.279
<v Speaker 2>There's no one to stop them. He doesn't need to

0:50:22.280 --> 0:50:24.600
<v Speaker 2>ask permission. But they can't get married because every time

0:50:24.600 --> 0:50:27.359
<v Speaker 2>they try to go to a judge, the judge's like, oh, okay, well,

0:50:27.480 --> 0:50:30.799
<v Speaker 2>where's this woman's papers, you know, to show where her

0:50:30.840 --> 0:50:33.239
<v Speaker 2>citizenship is and that she is who she and she

0:50:33.400 --> 0:50:36.919
<v Speaker 2>never has them. And occasionally she'll have papers, but they'll

0:50:36.960 --> 0:50:40.279
<v Speaker 2>be like, well, these are obviously fake. And Carl doesn't like,

0:50:41.280 --> 0:50:43.360
<v Speaker 2>doesn't think anything's weird.

0:50:42.800 --> 0:50:46.480
<v Speaker 3>He loses them all the time.

0:50:46.719 --> 0:50:50.120
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, with them, they're.

0:50:51.239 --> 0:50:53.399
<v Speaker 2>So he spends the last years before World War One

0:50:53.400 --> 0:50:57.160
<v Speaker 2>fighting constantly with their local magistrates to get her naturalized

0:50:57.200 --> 0:51:00.040
<v Speaker 2>so that they can get married. And because he's so

0:51:00.160 --> 0:51:02.799
<v Speaker 2>crazy in love, he switches in this last year or

0:51:02.800 --> 0:51:05.680
<v Speaker 2>so before the war from writing about law to writing

0:51:05.840 --> 0:51:09.320
<v Speaker 2>about love, particularly the morality of love. I'm going to

0:51:09.400 --> 0:51:12.520
<v Speaker 2>quote from Merhring's book again here from October twelfth. The

0:51:12.560 --> 0:51:15.840
<v Speaker 2>diary contains a passionate love letters and an ecstatic philosophy

0:51:15.880 --> 0:51:18.200
<v Speaker 2>of love that aims to base love on permanence and

0:51:18.480 --> 0:51:22.560
<v Speaker 2>enforce faithfulness by idealizing love as devotion to an idea.

0:51:22.960 --> 0:51:25.960
<v Speaker 2>Schmidt wanted to conceive his love from the perspective of eternity,

0:51:26.200 --> 0:51:29.239
<v Speaker 2>a perspective in which kri then had no predecessor and

0:51:29.239 --> 0:51:33.239
<v Speaker 2>no successor. Right, he can't he can't let himself a

0:51:33.280 --> 0:51:35.959
<v Speaker 2>man again. This woman is an exotic dancer. She has

0:51:36.040 --> 0:51:40.439
<v Speaker 2>a relationship history prior to him. She's trying to build

0:51:40.440 --> 0:51:43.480
<v Speaker 2>this cosmology in which there's never been a before. Right,

0:51:43.600 --> 0:51:46.400
<v Speaker 2>because then that's he just is not secure enough in

0:51:46.440 --> 0:51:47.000
<v Speaker 2>that idea.

0:51:47.440 --> 0:51:47.640
<v Speaker 4>Right.

0:51:48.120 --> 0:51:51.160
<v Speaker 1>This happens all the time, like this is very constantly, constantly.

0:51:51.200 --> 0:51:52.399
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's like a very common thing.

0:51:52.440 --> 0:51:54.680
<v Speaker 4>I fear my wife has never seen a man before.

0:51:55.239 --> 0:51:57.480
<v Speaker 4>She still has it to be a POOLI yes, never

0:51:57.640 --> 0:52:01.160
<v Speaker 4>never talk about myself, let's start now.

0:52:02.160 --> 0:52:04.359
<v Speaker 2>But it is it is interesting that he he has

0:52:04.400 --> 0:52:07.239
<v Speaker 2>to intellectualize this the way he does. His attitudes about

0:52:07.280 --> 0:52:09.960
<v Speaker 2>the law right where he's like building this this almost

0:52:10.000 --> 0:52:13.120
<v Speaker 2>like natural law attitude about how love works in order

0:52:13.200 --> 0:52:17.239
<v Speaker 2>to avoid being insecure. It's gonna give you an idea

0:52:17.280 --> 0:52:19.480
<v Speaker 2>of how of how good he will be at twisting

0:52:19.960 --> 0:52:24.560
<v Speaker 2>based on his own kind of feelings, his understanding of

0:52:24.680 --> 0:52:26.960
<v Speaker 2>like the law, and these things that are supposed to

0:52:26.960 --> 0:52:31.120
<v Speaker 2>be objective but that really are not. He starts writing

0:52:31.160 --> 0:52:33.920
<v Speaker 2>that his past pursuit of the Bernstein sisters was a mistake,

0:52:34.000 --> 0:52:37.480
<v Speaker 2>but obviously it's their mistake, not him. He writes that

0:52:37.520 --> 0:52:40.960
<v Speaker 2>he had been quote painfully ambushed by a vain, common, ugly,

0:52:41.000 --> 0:52:43.560
<v Speaker 2>and arrogant virago who is now in possession of love

0:52:43.680 --> 0:52:46.560
<v Speaker 2>letters from me. She has foisted herself on me as

0:52:46.560 --> 0:52:48.880
<v Speaker 2>an address. See thus I spit her out as a

0:52:48.880 --> 0:52:50.799
<v Speaker 2>whole person. I have no more to do with her.

0:52:50.920 --> 0:52:53.960
<v Speaker 2>I wash my hands clean. I took excrement for gold

0:52:54.000 --> 0:52:56.160
<v Speaker 2>without letting slip from my fingers, the pure gold that

0:52:56.200 --> 0:52:59.080
<v Speaker 2>I now hold in my hands. And he's like, it's

0:52:59.120 --> 0:53:02.239
<v Speaker 2>her like, because again, the fact that he had been

0:53:02.239 --> 0:53:04.320
<v Speaker 2>in love with this woman and had written her letters

0:53:04.440 --> 0:53:08.080
<v Speaker 2>means that this relationship he's in, even his side of it,

0:53:08.160 --> 0:53:10.040
<v Speaker 2>isn't as peer as he wants to pretend and it's

0:53:10.040 --> 0:53:13.160
<v Speaker 2>her fault. Right, she ambushed me, she forced me to

0:53:13.200 --> 0:53:14.040
<v Speaker 2>write her letters.

0:53:14.200 --> 0:53:14.799
<v Speaker 4>You tricked me.

0:53:15.239 --> 0:53:15.680
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:53:15.960 --> 0:53:18.680
<v Speaker 4>Meanwhile, the honest person that he's currently with, that's not

0:53:18.719 --> 0:53:19.279
<v Speaker 4>a trick at all.

0:53:19.320 --> 0:53:21.160
<v Speaker 2>But now that's not a trick at all. Well, here's

0:53:21.200 --> 0:53:24.960
<v Speaker 2>the fact, Like, yeah, man, shit changes people feel different

0:53:24.960 --> 0:53:28.399
<v Speaker 2>ways about people over time. That's fine, Like you could

0:53:28.440 --> 0:53:29.440
<v Speaker 2>just accept.

0:53:29.080 --> 0:53:31.640
<v Speaker 4>That some shit shit, some shit's gold.

0:53:32.280 --> 0:53:36.440
<v Speaker 2>Yeah yeah, right, anyway, this is where we're going to

0:53:36.520 --> 0:53:39.640
<v Speaker 2>leave Karl on the eve of World War one, Right,

0:53:40.120 --> 0:53:43.600
<v Speaker 2>this guy who is starting to become the thinker who's

0:53:43.640 --> 0:53:47.880
<v Speaker 2>going to define a lot of what becomes Nazist jurisprudence.

0:53:48.840 --> 0:53:56.080
<v Speaker 2>He's also real big issues with women, right, Yeah, so

0:53:56.120 --> 0:53:56.880
<v Speaker 2>how we feel.

0:53:56.680 --> 0:54:00.960
<v Speaker 4>In Blake, what's a German for? In cell is what

0:54:01.080 --> 0:54:01.640
<v Speaker 4>is what is?

0:54:01.760 --> 0:54:05.040
<v Speaker 2>Except he's kind of getting late, like yeah, it is

0:54:05.360 --> 0:54:07.399
<v Speaker 2>like he's not I don't know, I don't know where

0:54:07.440 --> 0:54:10.160
<v Speaker 2>we land on this guy, but he isn't you know,

0:54:10.800 --> 0:54:12.440
<v Speaker 2>I that flew by.

0:54:12.520 --> 0:54:15.680
<v Speaker 4>It is really interesting to get because it's almost like

0:54:15.840 --> 0:54:19.240
<v Speaker 4>seeing the first piece of shit, like the modern piece

0:54:19.280 --> 0:54:21.800
<v Speaker 4>of shit that we have now. Yeah, it is interesting

0:54:21.920 --> 0:54:25.759
<v Speaker 4>seeing the building blocks of how it came together, you know,

0:54:25.880 --> 0:54:28.840
<v Speaker 4>especially knowing what he turns into. There are so many

0:54:28.840 --> 0:54:31.839
<v Speaker 4>clues of oh, look he wants to this is how

0:54:31.880 --> 0:54:36.840
<v Speaker 4>he's breaking down this establishment, and that establishment is trying

0:54:36.880 --> 0:54:41.560
<v Speaker 4>to date these Jewish histories. He broke down that democracy,

0:54:41.880 --> 0:54:43.919
<v Speaker 4>you know, and it's interesting to see how he wants

0:54:43.960 --> 0:54:46.080
<v Speaker 4>to do it going forward. But yeah, this is this

0:54:46.160 --> 0:54:47.279
<v Speaker 4>is fascinating so far.

0:54:47.640 --> 0:54:50.640
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, well that is what we're going to be

0:54:50.800 --> 0:54:52.720
<v Speaker 2>continuing from next time.

0:54:53.320 --> 0:54:53.719
<v Speaker 4>All right.

0:54:54.080 --> 0:54:56.640
<v Speaker 2>Uh so, Blake, you want to plug your plugables here?

0:54:56.920 --> 0:54:59.600
<v Speaker 4>I would love to plug some pluggables. So I am

0:54:59.719 --> 0:55:03.560
<v Speaker 4>going to be in Philadelphia August first, doing stand up there.

0:55:03.600 --> 0:55:05.759
<v Speaker 4>I'm going to be in Wilkes Barry at the end

0:55:05.800 --> 0:55:08.359
<v Speaker 4>of August, and I also have a comedy special called

0:55:08.360 --> 0:55:10.480
<v Speaker 4>Blake Wexlort Daddy Long Legs, And depending on when this

0:55:10.520 --> 0:55:12.800
<v Speaker 4>comes out, I'm biking in this thing called the Eagles

0:55:12.840 --> 0:55:17.080
<v Speaker 4>Autism Challenge. It raises money for autism research autism awareness,

0:55:17.120 --> 0:55:19.480
<v Speaker 4>So there's donation links. I know times are tough, but

0:55:19.480 --> 0:55:21.520
<v Speaker 4>if you could spare anything, that link is in my

0:55:21.680 --> 0:55:24.880
<v Speaker 4>bio on at Blake Wexler on all social media.

0:55:25.520 --> 0:55:31.120
<v Speaker 2>Amazing all right, check that out and yeah, don't become

0:55:31.120 --> 0:55:35.880
<v Speaker 2>a jurist. No, don't do that. It turns out the

0:55:35.960 --> 0:55:38.759
<v Speaker 2>laws are just what people in power decide they want

0:55:38.800 --> 0:55:41.760
<v Speaker 2>them to be, and you shouldn't have that much faith

0:55:41.760 --> 0:55:44.360
<v Speaker 2>in the law meaning anything objective because look at just

0:55:44.360 --> 0:55:46.640
<v Speaker 2>read the news for ten minutes, you'll see why. Anyway,

0:55:47.560 --> 0:55:50.520
<v Speaker 2>don't even need the full ten goodbye.

0:55:53.719 --> 0:55:56.440
<v Speaker 1>Behind the Bastards is a production of cool Zone Media.

0:55:56.800 --> 0:55:59.399
<v Speaker 1>For more from cool Zone Media, visit our website cool

0:55:59.480 --> 0:56:03.439
<v Speaker 1>Zone Media, or check us out on the iHeartRadio app,

0:56:03.520 --> 0:56:06.680
<v Speaker 1>Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Behind the

0:56:06.680 --> 0:56:10.759
<v Speaker 1>Bastards is now available on YouTube, new episodes every Wednesday

0:56:10.840 --> 0:56:11.440
<v Speaker 1>and Friday.

0:56:11.760 --> 0:56:12.480
<v Speaker 3>Subscribe to our

0:56:12.560 --> 0:56:16.200
<v Speaker 1>Channel YouTube dot com slash at Behind the Bastards