1 00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:03,000 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 2 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:08,920 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology with 3 00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:17,919 Speaker 1: tex Stuff from how stuff works dot com. Hello again, everyone, 4 00:00:17,920 --> 00:00:20,439 Speaker 1: and welcome to tex Stuff. My name is Chris Pellette 5 00:00:20,440 --> 00:00:22,479 Speaker 1: and I am an editor here at how stuff works 6 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:25,360 Speaker 1: dot Com. Sitting across from me as he always does, 7 00:00:25,440 --> 00:00:29,920 Speaker 1: his senior writer, Jonathan Strickland, Happy two hundredth episode, Chris, Well, 8 00:00:30,080 --> 00:00:32,720 Speaker 1: thank you, Jonathan. Happy two hundred episode to you two. 9 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:35,960 Speaker 1: And they said that after one hundred episodes it was 10 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:44,720 Speaker 1: too much already, but we kept going. Yes, we did. 11 00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:50,319 Speaker 1: So today we're going to present our two hundredth episode spectacular. Yeah. Now, 12 00:00:50,360 --> 00:00:53,640 Speaker 1: if you remember, on our one hundredth episode spectacular, we 13 00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:56,920 Speaker 1: decided to do something that would require us to do 14 00:00:57,040 --> 00:01:01,680 Speaker 1: absolutely no research whatsoever. We talked about our favorite technology, 15 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:05,240 Speaker 1: which was easy, right. We were like, Hey, this is great. 16 00:01:05,240 --> 00:01:06,920 Speaker 1: I don't have to look anything up. I just think 17 00:01:07,040 --> 00:01:09,800 Speaker 1: what kind of stuff do I like to play with? Well, 18 00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:12,360 Speaker 1: we decided for the two hundred episode we'd go the 19 00:01:12,440 --> 00:01:16,720 Speaker 1: opposite direction. We wanted something that would require lots and 20 00:01:16,959 --> 00:01:19,800 Speaker 1: lots of research. So we've decided to talk about some 21 00:01:19,880 --> 00:01:24,319 Speaker 1: of the biggest innovations and inventions over the last two 22 00:01:24,800 --> 00:01:30,680 Speaker 1: hundred years, because why did we two? Why did I 23 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:34,640 Speaker 1: know the connection? But I'm just wondering why we decided 24 00:01:34,680 --> 00:01:37,960 Speaker 1: to go with the whole let's research stuff. Yeah, and 25 00:01:37,959 --> 00:01:41,520 Speaker 1: and uh, well I don't know. Yeah, but in retrospect 26 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:44,520 Speaker 1: it seems like a silly Oh it's Ariel's fault. Yes, 27 00:01:44,680 --> 00:01:48,680 Speaker 1: it was my friend Ariel who suggested that. Thanks Ariel, 28 00:01:48,880 --> 00:01:52,760 Speaker 1: thanks so much. Okay, Well, we we should point out, though, um, 29 00:01:52,960 --> 00:01:55,480 Speaker 1: that we just made a list of all the different 30 00:01:55,480 --> 00:01:58,440 Speaker 1: technologies we thought were important, and we there there are 31 00:01:58,560 --> 00:02:02,640 Speaker 1: tons and tons and tons of important technologies, and as 32 00:02:02,680 --> 00:02:06,640 Speaker 1: the cases with science and engineering, um, one person builds 33 00:02:06,680 --> 00:02:08,600 Speaker 1: on the work of someone else. So we sort of 34 00:02:08,639 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 1: picked highlights here and there that we thought were important. 35 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:13,600 Speaker 1: We're probably gonna leave out, uh one or two of 36 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:15,840 Speaker 1: your favorites, in which case feel free to write in 37 00:02:15,880 --> 00:02:17,800 Speaker 1: and she let us know what they are. Um, but 38 00:02:17,800 --> 00:02:19,240 Speaker 1: we're gonna touch on some of the ones that we 39 00:02:19,280 --> 00:02:23,160 Speaker 1: thought were important, maybe call out some some points on 40 00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:26,160 Speaker 1: on a few of the most important ones, but definitely, 41 00:02:26,800 --> 00:02:29,080 Speaker 1: you know, pick some of our favorites over the last 42 00:02:29,120 --> 00:02:32,040 Speaker 1: couple hundred years. Yeah, what's a couple of centuries between friends. 43 00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:34,080 Speaker 1: I kind of actually started at eighteen hundred, but I 44 00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:36,440 Speaker 1: don't really have anything between eighteen under eighteen ten anyway, 45 00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:38,079 Speaker 1: so I guess that's all right. So you know, let's 46 00:02:38,120 --> 00:02:41,639 Speaker 1: just go straight to eighteen fourteen, Joey, that sounds good, okay. 47 00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:45,919 Speaker 1: So in eighteen fourteen, and a man who had been 48 00:02:45,919 --> 00:02:49,880 Speaker 1: working in coal mines pretty much his whole life, George Stevenson, 49 00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:55,880 Speaker 1: built the first successful steam locomotive. Now we're including this 50 00:02:55,960 --> 00:02:59,320 Speaker 1: on here because of course, steam locomotives ended up changing 51 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:03,520 Speaker 1: the face of much of the world and allowed for 52 00:03:04,360 --> 00:03:07,920 Speaker 1: shipping on a scale and a speed that up to 53 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:11,480 Speaker 1: that point had never been seen before. So it was 54 00:03:11,560 --> 00:03:16,919 Speaker 1: definitely a revolutionary development. Now, the first train was called 55 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:23,440 Speaker 1: Bluecker Bluer and uh that was a young Frankenstein reference, 56 00:03:23,440 --> 00:03:27,079 Speaker 1: which is why Chris doesn't get it, um. But Bluecker 57 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:31,320 Speaker 1: was uh yeah, it pulled several cars of coal that 58 00:03:31,480 --> 00:03:36,240 Speaker 1: wade several times up a hill at a maximum speed 59 00:03:36,520 --> 00:03:41,200 Speaker 1: of a blistering four miles per hour. But you know, 60 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:43,320 Speaker 1: this is the first time that they've been able that 61 00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:47,400 Speaker 1: anyone had been able to create a steam driven locomotive, 62 00:03:47,640 --> 00:03:51,320 Speaker 1: and that didn't explode or you know that that actually worked. 63 00:03:51,440 --> 00:03:53,720 Speaker 1: There had been some steam engines before that point, but 64 00:03:53,760 --> 00:03:56,040 Speaker 1: this was the first one as use of a in 65 00:03:56,120 --> 00:03:59,440 Speaker 1: a locomotive, so that was my first choice. Also in 66 00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:02,400 Speaker 1: eighteen four team we had the first use of the 67 00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:06,800 Speaker 1: camera obscia. Actually, no, not exactly. The camera obscarra had 68 00:04:06,840 --> 00:04:10,120 Speaker 1: been around for quite some time before that well, but 69 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:16,560 Speaker 1: it was around that time that Joseph Nissa phone nyeps nice. 70 00:04:16,640 --> 00:04:19,160 Speaker 1: Try no, actually I went to uh, by the way, 71 00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:22,719 Speaker 1: four vote dot com for seriously, four vote dot com 72 00:04:22,760 --> 00:04:25,479 Speaker 1: has if you're looking for difficult to pronounce words or 73 00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:30,039 Speaker 1: a lot of cases um names for names, um, they 74 00:04:30,080 --> 00:04:33,159 Speaker 1: have a service where you can contribute your pronunciation. Should 75 00:04:33,200 --> 00:04:35,839 Speaker 1: hurry this up because it's not on topic, but very nice. 76 00:04:35,839 --> 00:04:40,760 Speaker 1: So Joseph nia phone nieps or nissa phone nieps um. 77 00:04:40,839 --> 00:04:43,200 Speaker 1: He was. He was an inventor who and he made 78 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:46,120 Speaker 1: the first permanent photographic image. So he's the first person 79 00:04:46,160 --> 00:04:48,920 Speaker 1: to actually print out a photo UM and he sort 80 00:04:48,960 --> 00:04:51,239 Speaker 1: of he had difficulty with He and his brother Claude 81 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:54,960 Speaker 1: Um they actually had an internal combustion engine. I found 82 00:04:54,960 --> 00:04:57,560 Speaker 1: out in doing this uh and in poking around on 83 00:04:57,560 --> 00:05:00,680 Speaker 1: on Britannica. We're gonna get to that in a minute. Um. 84 00:05:00,680 --> 00:05:04,760 Speaker 1: But he ended up partnering with Louis Jacques Monday Daguerre, 85 00:05:05,080 --> 00:05:08,239 Speaker 1: whom you might know from the Dagara type, um, and 86 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:13,200 Speaker 1: they refined the practice of putting photos on paper and 87 00:05:13,520 --> 00:05:17,960 Speaker 1: really making modern photography uh more possible because before, I mean, 88 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:20,320 Speaker 1: you had the camera obscura, but it really wasn't able 89 00:05:20,360 --> 00:05:23,239 Speaker 1: to make a print of an image. And now you 90 00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:25,239 Speaker 1: you could take a photo and print it out, although 91 00:05:25,279 --> 00:05:27,920 Speaker 1: it was a much more arduous and painful process than 92 00:05:27,960 --> 00:05:29,919 Speaker 1: it is now, right because now what I do is 93 00:05:29,920 --> 00:05:32,080 Speaker 1: I push a button and then it's digital, and then 94 00:05:32,120 --> 00:05:34,800 Speaker 1: I pressed another button and then in prints. But I 95 00:05:34,839 --> 00:05:38,480 Speaker 1: don't print because I post put them in my Facebook. Okay, okay, 96 00:05:38,640 --> 00:05:41,520 Speaker 1: So in or skipping ahead a little bit, uhh, Yeah, 97 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:43,360 Speaker 1: we're gonna We're gonna jump around a little bit. It's 98 00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:46,280 Speaker 1: not gonna be year by year that would take forever, 99 00:05:46,320 --> 00:05:48,960 Speaker 1: because of course years or so. The last two hundred 100 00:05:49,080 --> 00:05:51,800 Speaker 1: years happened to be during the Industrial Revolution, So it 101 00:05:51,839 --> 00:05:53,960 Speaker 1: turns out there's quite a few things that were invented 102 00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:56,440 Speaker 1: at that time. We're, like was said, we've tried to 103 00:05:56,440 --> 00:05:59,840 Speaker 1: concentrate on things that we thought really changed the world. 104 00:06:00,520 --> 00:06:02,839 Speaker 1: So not just something that was cool or interesting, but 105 00:06:02,920 --> 00:06:06,320 Speaker 1: something that really did revolutionize the way we do things. 106 00:06:06,480 --> 00:06:08,880 Speaker 1: I don't want to change the world. I'm not looking 107 00:06:08,920 --> 00:06:13,440 Speaker 1: for New England. So in eighteen five William Sturgeon uh 108 00:06:13,600 --> 00:06:16,440 Speaker 1: invinced the electro magnet. Now this was actually the culmination 109 00:06:16,560 --> 00:06:22,239 Speaker 1: of several observations that that ended with the electro magnet. 110 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:26,080 Speaker 1: So back in eighteen twenty, Hans Christian erst Did discovered 111 00:06:26,120 --> 00:06:30,160 Speaker 1: that UH, wire carrying a current generated by a magnetic field, 112 00:06:30,520 --> 00:06:33,719 Speaker 1: or rather a wire that carries a current could generate 113 00:06:33,760 --> 00:06:36,760 Speaker 1: a magnetic field. Okay, so we've talked about this before. 114 00:06:36,800 --> 00:06:39,520 Speaker 1: You know, you electricity moves through a wire, and then 115 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:42,840 Speaker 1: you get a magnetic field because there's this interesting relationship 116 00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:48,240 Speaker 1: between magnetism and electricity. Um. Then you have Andre Marie Ampere, 117 00:06:48,880 --> 00:06:53,599 Speaker 1: who found that a helix of wire, also UH carrying 118 00:06:53,600 --> 00:06:56,520 Speaker 1: a current would create a magnetic field. UM. And you 119 00:06:56,600 --> 00:07:01,640 Speaker 1: had Dominique Francois Jean Arago. He found that you could 120 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:05,200 Speaker 1: magnetize an iron bar if you wrapped this coil of 121 00:07:05,240 --> 00:07:07,479 Speaker 1: wire around it, ran the current through it creates the 122 00:07:07,480 --> 00:07:09,560 Speaker 1: magnetic field. You can actually magnetize an iron bar. Take 123 00:07:09,560 --> 00:07:12,160 Speaker 1: the iron bar out and it's a magnet. Uh. That 124 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:15,040 Speaker 1: leads us to Surgeon who discovered that if you kept 125 00:07:15,080 --> 00:07:17,800 Speaker 1: the bar in there, if you did not remove the bar, 126 00:07:18,120 --> 00:07:21,600 Speaker 1: it actually created a much stronger magnetic field. He bent 127 00:07:21,680 --> 00:07:24,200 Speaker 1: that bar into a U shape and then uh you 128 00:07:24,320 --> 00:07:26,960 Speaker 1: think of like the base of the U is is 129 00:07:27,360 --> 00:07:30,760 Speaker 1: uh embedded in some sort of foundation. There's a coil 130 00:07:30,760 --> 00:07:33,560 Speaker 1: of wire around each end. You've got two poles. Well, 131 00:07:33,560 --> 00:07:35,120 Speaker 1: the two poles are close to each other, and that 132 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:40,320 Speaker 1: generated a particularly strong magnet magnetic field. This was essentially 133 00:07:40,320 --> 00:07:44,160 Speaker 1: the first real electro magnet, which ended up being really 134 00:07:44,200 --> 00:07:48,400 Speaker 1: really important in electronics later on. In fact, a lot 135 00:07:48,440 --> 00:07:52,280 Speaker 1: of the developments that we're going to talk about shortly, Um, 136 00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:56,200 Speaker 1: we're based upon the electro magnet. Without it, they don't work. 137 00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:01,440 Speaker 1: That's true. That's true. So um an nine the typewriter 138 00:08:02,040 --> 00:08:05,440 Speaker 1: w a burt yep and we have we Uh this 139 00:08:05,520 --> 00:08:08,400 Speaker 1: might be a good uh plug again for our podcast 140 00:08:08,480 --> 00:08:11,560 Speaker 1: on the keyboard, the quarty keyboard when it got popular 141 00:08:11,560 --> 00:08:14,680 Speaker 1: in the voort keyboard. UM. But yeah, this we're not 142 00:08:14,680 --> 00:08:17,400 Speaker 1: talking like the IBM S electric here. We're talking about 143 00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:24,000 Speaker 1: the manual uh mechanical typewriter. Right. Um, and then you 144 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:27,040 Speaker 1: wanted to talk about eight thirty one, the electric dynamo 145 00:08:27,120 --> 00:08:30,240 Speaker 1: and mutter with Michael Faraday. Yes, okay, so this is 146 00:08:30,320 --> 00:08:34,480 Speaker 1: another really important discovery. It's not so much an invention 147 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:37,280 Speaker 1: as a discovery. So we just started talking about the 148 00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:40,320 Speaker 1: electro magnet where you create the magnetic field by running 149 00:08:40,360 --> 00:08:44,280 Speaker 1: the current through the wire. Well, Faraday found out that 150 00:08:44,360 --> 00:08:47,959 Speaker 1: the opposite was also true if you subjected a coiled 151 00:08:48,520 --> 00:08:50,720 Speaker 1: or if you subject a wire to a magnetic field, 152 00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:55,760 Speaker 1: it would induce electricity to flow through the wire. So, uh, 153 00:08:55,880 --> 00:09:00,520 Speaker 1: this induction became the basis of things like electric motors, generators, 154 00:09:00,520 --> 00:09:04,280 Speaker 1: and transformers. So that became extremely important later on. So 155 00:09:04,760 --> 00:09:07,079 Speaker 1: you noticed that a lot of these developments are happening 156 00:09:07,120 --> 00:09:09,160 Speaker 1: pretty close to each other, like a decade or so 157 00:09:09,280 --> 00:09:12,200 Speaker 1: within each other. And um, and that's where we really 158 00:09:12,240 --> 00:09:15,280 Speaker 1: saw the rapid development of technology take off. Once once 159 00:09:15,320 --> 00:09:19,920 Speaker 1: we've got a real firm understanding of things like electromagnetism, Uh, 160 00:09:19,920 --> 00:09:23,920 Speaker 1: it really made lots of uh, really cool developments possible. 161 00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:26,240 Speaker 1: And that kind of goes back to my point earlier 162 00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:31,079 Speaker 1: about how these different engineers and scientists were working off 163 00:09:31,120 --> 00:09:33,720 Speaker 1: of each other's discoveries. I mean, fair Day was obviously 164 00:09:33,760 --> 00:09:36,680 Speaker 1: interested interested in electromagnetism, and then you know, moved on 165 00:09:36,800 --> 00:09:40,520 Speaker 1: from there. Right. So it's it's really kind of interesting 166 00:09:40,559 --> 00:09:43,160 Speaker 1: to note just what you know, you discover and then 167 00:09:43,160 --> 00:09:44,960 Speaker 1: you keep you just follow a different path as you 168 00:09:44,960 --> 00:09:48,720 Speaker 1: make a new discoveries exactly. Um. Also where those transformers 169 00:09:48,960 --> 00:09:52,400 Speaker 1: autobots are moving on in eighteen thirty five, you knew 170 00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:54,240 Speaker 1: I was gonna do it in eighteen is you know, 171 00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:57,080 Speaker 1: more than meets the ichris. In eighteen thirty five we 172 00:09:57,160 --> 00:10:00,920 Speaker 1: have Charles Babbage creating his mechanical calculator. And of course 173 00:10:01,360 --> 00:10:04,120 Speaker 1: you could argue in a way that the the Advocus 174 00:10:04,320 --> 00:10:06,480 Speaker 1: was a type of mechanical calculator although you had to 175 00:10:06,480 --> 00:10:08,400 Speaker 1: move the beads by hands. I would say that's a 176 00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:12,240 Speaker 1: manual calculator. Yeah, yeah, we're being a little more technical 177 00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:15,360 Speaker 1: than that. Um. But uh. And the of course Babbage 178 00:10:15,400 --> 00:10:18,760 Speaker 1: made many many contributions that would later become extremely important 179 00:10:18,800 --> 00:10:24,640 Speaker 1: in computer science definitely. Uh. And then eight seven Samuel 180 00:10:24,640 --> 00:10:27,760 Speaker 1: Morse and the telegraph. Actually, this is one of those 181 00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:31,360 Speaker 1: devices that the electromagnetic played a huge part in. Right, 182 00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:34,840 Speaker 1: So Samuel Morris came up with this idea. Actually, the 183 00:10:34,880 --> 00:10:38,160 Speaker 1: idea had been booted around by a few different people, 184 00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:39,960 Speaker 1: but Morse was one of the folks who was able 185 00:10:40,000 --> 00:10:42,320 Speaker 1: to actually put it to use and and get to 186 00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:44,920 Speaker 1: to work properly. The idea was that you would be 187 00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:48,480 Speaker 1: able to create an electric current with one device, send 188 00:10:48,520 --> 00:10:51,600 Speaker 1: that electric current through a wire, so that would activate 189 00:10:51,679 --> 00:10:53,920 Speaker 1: a second device, and you would get some sort of 190 00:10:53,960 --> 00:10:57,360 Speaker 1: mechanical action out of it. That was just the very basics. 191 00:10:57,480 --> 00:10:59,760 Speaker 1: So you you know, essentially think of it like if 192 00:10:59,760 --> 00:11:03,160 Speaker 1: you've flip a switch, it would send on an electric 193 00:11:03,160 --> 00:11:06,240 Speaker 1: current through a wire to another switch, which would then trip. 194 00:11:06,920 --> 00:11:10,360 Speaker 1: That's kind of the basis for this. Well, that would 195 00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:12,640 Speaker 1: give you the the very basics of being able to 196 00:11:12,679 --> 00:11:15,559 Speaker 1: communicate with someone on the other end. Now, granted, uh, 197 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:18,000 Speaker 1: there were some limitations, of course. One was that you 198 00:11:18,040 --> 00:11:22,440 Speaker 1: could only really communicate through clicks and to you could 199 00:11:22,440 --> 00:11:24,719 Speaker 1: only communicate one way at a time. You couldn't have 200 00:11:24,760 --> 00:11:29,120 Speaker 1: two way communications simultaneously. Yeah. Um, But that that is 201 00:11:29,320 --> 00:11:32,719 Speaker 1: also a good point because Samuel Morse came up with 202 00:11:32,800 --> 00:11:36,640 Speaker 1: the idea for Morse Code, probably uh, because you needed 203 00:11:36,679 --> 00:11:39,600 Speaker 1: some way to send messages from one side to the 204 00:11:39,600 --> 00:11:43,160 Speaker 1: other yep, yep, and then uh and and a few 205 00:11:43,240 --> 00:11:46,560 Speaker 1: years after he had developed this, uh, there was the 206 00:11:46,600 --> 00:11:50,720 Speaker 1: infamous Morse code message sent from DC to Baltimore. What 207 00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:55,839 Speaker 1: hath God wrought? Yes, yep, Morse code. No wait, that 208 00:11:55,920 --> 00:12:00,959 Speaker 1: was Samuel at any rate. So again, now that revolutionized 209 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:03,720 Speaker 1: communication because, of course, up to that point, the way 210 00:12:03,800 --> 00:12:06,400 Speaker 1: that we communicated was sending a piece of paper with 211 00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:09,320 Speaker 1: a messenger from one place to another right either on 212 00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:12,400 Speaker 1: train or on horseback pony express type stuff. Yeah, I 213 00:12:12,440 --> 00:12:17,600 Speaker 1: mean it was slow to communicate between cities or between countries. Definitely, 214 00:12:17,679 --> 00:12:20,760 Speaker 1: it was very slow. And but the the invention of 215 00:12:20,800 --> 00:12:25,520 Speaker 1: the telegraph completely revolutionized communication. Now we've got a few 216 00:12:25,520 --> 00:12:27,960 Speaker 1: that we're just going to kind of jump on. First 217 00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:30,920 Speaker 1: of all, one of the most important inventions of all 218 00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:39,960 Speaker 1: time created in eighteen forty one by Samuel Slocum, the stapler. Yes, 219 00:12:40,200 --> 00:12:44,160 Speaker 1: please don't touch mine, Milton will be very pleased. Yes, 220 00:12:44,240 --> 00:12:46,920 Speaker 1: and told I could listen to my music at a 221 00:12:46,960 --> 00:12:50,520 Speaker 1: reasonable volume between the end of ten and eleven. Um. 222 00:12:50,640 --> 00:12:56,880 Speaker 1: So then we've got around eighteen eighteen sixties when subways 223 00:12:56,960 --> 00:13:04,600 Speaker 1: actually first became practical and uh launched in London, and yeah, 224 00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:06,800 Speaker 1: and now it's you know, pretty popular all over the 225 00:13:06,800 --> 00:13:10,959 Speaker 1: world and in many major cities. Um. But that really 226 00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:15,360 Speaker 1: I think helped solidify the urban area, you know, being 227 00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:18,120 Speaker 1: able to spread people out and still get them in 228 00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:21,240 Speaker 1: and a form a mass transit um that would enable 229 00:13:21,360 --> 00:13:24,600 Speaker 1: people to uh to move a little bit more quickly 230 00:13:24,880 --> 00:13:28,679 Speaker 1: without having to rely on horseback or foot. Because we 231 00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:30,960 Speaker 1: don't have something yet that we're going to talk about 232 00:13:30,960 --> 00:13:34,600 Speaker 1: in a minute. Um. In eighteen fifty two, we have 233 00:13:34,679 --> 00:13:39,600 Speaker 1: the gyroscope, Yes, invented by a Jean Bernard Leon for Colt. 234 00:13:40,559 --> 00:13:42,640 Speaker 1: I have no idea four vo dot com is what 235 00:13:42,679 --> 00:13:46,480 Speaker 1: I'm saying you. All right, Well, very useful, see Chris, 236 00:13:46,720 --> 00:13:49,520 Speaker 1: here's here's a little hint. Yeah, your tips are a 237 00:13:49,520 --> 00:13:53,120 Speaker 1: lot more useful before we go into the studio. While 238 00:13:53,160 --> 00:13:55,079 Speaker 1: we're in the studio, let me point out that it 239 00:13:55,120 --> 00:13:57,520 Speaker 1: didn't really help my pronunciation, even I didn't listen to 240 00:13:57,559 --> 00:14:00,319 Speaker 1: it beforehand. Okay, all right, Well at any ray, Um, 241 00:14:00,320 --> 00:14:04,679 Speaker 1: the gyroscope extremely important in navigation, space travel, YEP, accelerometers, 242 00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:07,800 Speaker 1: things like that, I mean gyroscopes like yes, space travel 243 00:14:07,840 --> 00:14:12,280 Speaker 1: in particular, it was extremely important, I mean gyroscopes and 244 00:14:12,440 --> 00:14:15,480 Speaker 1: and gimbals together where some of the Yeah, they seem 245 00:14:15,520 --> 00:14:19,160 Speaker 1: like they're pretty basic to us now, but really play 246 00:14:19,400 --> 00:14:23,120 Speaker 1: an integral role in those technologies. So while it seems like, 247 00:14:23,160 --> 00:14:25,520 Speaker 1: you know, you might look at a gyroscope, is like 248 00:14:25,760 --> 00:14:27,480 Speaker 1: especially the ones that you see in like toy stores 249 00:14:27,560 --> 00:14:29,360 Speaker 1: or hobby stores, like it's a little kids toy. No, 250 00:14:29,480 --> 00:14:32,880 Speaker 1: that's it's very important. No, I don't. I don't shop 251 00:14:32,880 --> 00:14:39,520 Speaker 1: at Gimbal's. Maybe. And now we have a Jean Lenoire 252 00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:42,640 Speaker 1: that one I knew I could say, so Jean Lenoire 253 00:14:42,720 --> 00:14:47,280 Speaker 1: invented Well apparently not since it pre existed by forty 254 00:14:47,360 --> 00:14:49,400 Speaker 1: years according to you. Well, from what I understand, this 255 00:14:49,480 --> 00:14:54,200 Speaker 1: is the first successful gas powered engine internal combustion engine. 256 00:14:54,720 --> 00:14:58,160 Speaker 1: Now we should kind of explain what the internal combustion 257 00:14:58,240 --> 00:15:02,280 Speaker 1: engine means. So when you're talking about things like steam 258 00:15:02,320 --> 00:15:07,120 Speaker 1: powered or or even coal powered engines from before, you 259 00:15:07,240 --> 00:15:10,640 Speaker 1: generally were heating up an element really really high and 260 00:15:10,680 --> 00:15:14,680 Speaker 1: then using the pressure from say the steam like steam 261 00:15:14,720 --> 00:15:18,520 Speaker 1: locomotives the steam to power pistons. Uh So, but you 262 00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:21,200 Speaker 1: had a chamber where all the combustion took place, and 263 00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:24,040 Speaker 1: then the steam was then transported to wherever it needs 264 00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:26,480 Speaker 1: to go to to push pistons. To make things move. 265 00:15:26,920 --> 00:15:32,560 Speaker 1: Internal combustion has a the the combustion take place within 266 00:15:32,600 --> 00:15:35,520 Speaker 1: a cylinder, that where the piston actually is. So that's 267 00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:38,920 Speaker 1: that's the internal part. Because people say, well, what was it? 268 00:15:39,080 --> 00:15:43,320 Speaker 1: Were there external combustion engines before that kind of in 269 00:15:43,360 --> 00:15:47,120 Speaker 1: that the combustion didn't take place within the cylinder. In 270 00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:50,200 Speaker 1: this case, the cylinders contained a mixture of air and 271 00:15:50,840 --> 00:15:54,720 Speaker 1: gas from coal, and then a spark from a little 272 00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:59,040 Speaker 1: electrode spark plug essentially would ignite the gas. Uh, and 273 00:15:59,320 --> 00:16:01,360 Speaker 1: that would cause is the guest to expand very quickly, 274 00:16:01,640 --> 00:16:04,360 Speaker 1: pushing a piston which generated the power you needed to 275 00:16:04,560 --> 00:16:07,960 Speaker 1: move things. Yes. Uh. And in case you're wondering the 276 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:13,280 Speaker 1: difference between Joseph Nissaphone niepps uh and his brother Clode 277 00:16:13,920 --> 00:16:16,920 Speaker 1: Uh there there their system was a little different. It 278 00:16:16,960 --> 00:16:20,040 Speaker 1: did use pistons, but what they were using for fuel 279 00:16:20,400 --> 00:16:23,840 Speaker 1: was um. Their their machine, by the way, was called 280 00:16:23,840 --> 00:16:27,400 Speaker 1: the Pirae la four. Why did you even try? I 281 00:16:27,400 --> 00:16:30,200 Speaker 1: don't know. But he used like a podium powder as 282 00:16:30,240 --> 00:16:34,840 Speaker 1: fuel and he theoretical he theoretically a power to boat 283 00:16:34,880 --> 00:16:38,840 Speaker 1: with it um. But Britannic I said he claimed to 284 00:16:38,920 --> 00:16:42,200 Speaker 1: have so I guess we don't know for sure. All right, 285 00:16:42,200 --> 00:16:44,640 Speaker 1: Well they were finding other people we find it. Nicolas 286 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:48,280 Speaker 1: Otto in eighty eight, Um, you know made it a 287 00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:51,280 Speaker 1: little better. And that's when people really, you know, really 288 00:16:51,280 --> 00:16:53,400 Speaker 1: took off when they had an opportunity to do that. Sure, 289 00:16:54,240 --> 00:16:58,720 Speaker 1: So moving ahead, eighteen sixty two, man made plastic thanks 290 00:16:58,760 --> 00:17:03,080 Speaker 1: to Alexander Parker's parks rather uh and then eighteen sixty 291 00:17:03,200 --> 00:17:06,560 Speaker 1: nine we had ball bearings. Yes, you you wanted to 292 00:17:06,560 --> 00:17:08,120 Speaker 1: add that to the list. I did want to add 293 00:17:08,119 --> 00:17:10,000 Speaker 1: that to the list. There are very many things. Yes, 294 00:17:10,040 --> 00:17:12,040 Speaker 1: they're extremely important, and it's the kind of thing where 295 00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:15,560 Speaker 1: I think previously to that they hadn't been able to 296 00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:19,360 Speaker 1: machine them fine enough to make them available to many 297 00:17:19,400 --> 00:17:21,960 Speaker 1: different things. And uh, you know, and I know it 298 00:17:22,040 --> 00:17:24,880 Speaker 1: had a lot to do to improve the a lot 299 00:17:24,920 --> 00:17:27,680 Speaker 1: of industry because they were able to make different kinds 300 00:17:27,680 --> 00:17:31,520 Speaker 1: of machinery on different scales with the advent of the 301 00:17:31,560 --> 00:17:34,280 Speaker 1: ball bearing. So it's a small thing and if you 302 00:17:34,320 --> 00:17:36,720 Speaker 1: have a lot of them on the floor, they will 303 00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:39,720 Speaker 1: make you fase. It plays a pivotal role in many 304 00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:43,320 Speaker 1: early comedies. Yes it does. But you know that's the 305 00:17:43,400 --> 00:17:46,040 Speaker 1: kind of thing that it shows up and you go, huh, yeah, 306 00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:48,600 Speaker 1: well that does little things, do you make a difference sometimes? 307 00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:50,760 Speaker 1: All right? Eighteen seventy six, this is a big one. 308 00:17:51,440 --> 00:17:58,200 Speaker 1: The telephone Alexander Graham Bell. Now this was, of course, 309 00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:00,639 Speaker 1: this is you know, the next evil ouan for the 310 00:18:00,680 --> 00:18:05,280 Speaker 1: whole telegraph technology. Bell at the time was working on 311 00:18:05,880 --> 00:18:08,919 Speaker 1: a harmonic telegraph, the idea being that you would be 312 00:18:08,960 --> 00:18:11,720 Speaker 1: able to have multiple lines of communication going over the 313 00:18:11,760 --> 00:18:16,600 Speaker 1: same through the same medium. Yes, sort of to solve 314 00:18:16,640 --> 00:18:18,800 Speaker 1: the earlier problem you mentioned of only being able to 315 00:18:18,800 --> 00:18:22,240 Speaker 1: stand one communication in one direction of time exactly, but 316 00:18:22,680 --> 00:18:26,680 Speaker 1: in secret more or less in secrets probably too strong 317 00:18:26,720 --> 00:18:30,439 Speaker 1: a term. But he was working on this idea of 318 00:18:30,480 --> 00:18:34,119 Speaker 1: being able to transmit voice over an electrical line. So 319 00:18:34,160 --> 00:18:37,879 Speaker 1: you would speak into a device, The device would convert 320 00:18:37,920 --> 00:18:42,120 Speaker 1: the sound waves into electricity. The electricity would travel over 321 00:18:42,240 --> 00:18:45,879 Speaker 1: a line to another device, which would decode the electrical 322 00:18:45,920 --> 00:18:52,080 Speaker 1: signals and then play them back as sound using various membranes. Yes. Uh, 323 00:18:52,280 --> 00:18:55,439 Speaker 1: he was actually granted a patent for and that quote 324 00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:58,520 Speaker 1: the method of an apparatus for transmitting vocal or other 325 00:18:58,560 --> 00:19:02,960 Speaker 1: sounds telegraphically by causing electrical undulation similar informed to the 326 00:19:03,040 --> 00:19:06,600 Speaker 1: vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other sounds. 327 00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:11,320 Speaker 1: That's what you said, yeah, and of course his fancy 328 00:19:11,320 --> 00:19:16,320 Speaker 1: ways saying it. The first sentence broadcast over telephone or 329 00:19:16,359 --> 00:19:18,320 Speaker 1: a what would become the telephone was, of course, can 330 00:19:18,320 --> 00:19:20,480 Speaker 1: you pick up some milk? Now it was Mr Watson, 331 00:19:20,680 --> 00:19:23,120 Speaker 1: come here, I want to see you. The second sentence 332 00:19:23,200 --> 00:19:27,600 Speaker 1: was I would like cheese, pepperoni, and shovies and extra 333 00:19:27,640 --> 00:19:32,240 Speaker 1: crispy crust. Uh. Yeah, Actually Watson, Thomas Watson was a 334 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:35,240 Speaker 1: big part of the success of the telephone because his 335 00:19:35,320 --> 00:19:39,760 Speaker 1: help was really key to um getting Bell's telephone together. 336 00:19:39,800 --> 00:19:42,240 Speaker 1: He apparently was really good working with the different parts 337 00:19:42,320 --> 00:19:47,280 Speaker 1: of the mechanical stuff, where Bill less, so he was 338 00:19:47,320 --> 00:19:50,760 Speaker 1: more of the theoretical and and like the electrical engineering 339 00:19:50,800 --> 00:19:53,000 Speaker 1: behind it. But also we should point out that Watson 340 00:19:53,119 --> 00:19:57,399 Speaker 1: was not Charlotte Holmes as assistant, Not that Watson, No, 341 00:19:57,600 --> 00:19:59,199 Speaker 1: that would that would be John Watson to be the 342 00:19:59,200 --> 00:20:04,400 Speaker 1: other one. Eight seven, eighteen seventy seven. The phonograph Thomas Edison. Yes, 343 00:20:04,440 --> 00:20:06,399 Speaker 1: he's gonna pop up again in a second. Those are 344 00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:09,880 Speaker 1: those big well not, I guess sort of at that time, 345 00:20:09,920 --> 00:20:12,880 Speaker 1: the big vinyl plastic things. This one. At this point 346 00:20:12,880 --> 00:20:15,720 Speaker 1: he dated CDs. This one actually predated vinyl. This one 347 00:20:15,800 --> 00:20:20,960 Speaker 1: was on aluminum. This is a cylindrical phonograph that was 348 00:20:21,080 --> 00:20:23,359 Speaker 1: that was still the cylinders. So yeah, this was before 349 00:20:23,520 --> 00:20:26,479 Speaker 1: even they were using wax um. This was so but 350 00:20:26,520 --> 00:20:30,240 Speaker 1: it was one of the earliest examples of the technology 351 00:20:30,320 --> 00:20:32,200 Speaker 1: um socially want I put it down there. And also 352 00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:37,400 Speaker 1: moving pictures were first invented then, which is not that 353 00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:39,120 Speaker 1: you don't take it's not that you take a picture 354 00:20:39,160 --> 00:20:41,800 Speaker 1: down from the wall and then go to move it around. 355 00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:43,840 Speaker 1: I was gonna say, I didn't know Rush was still around. 356 00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:47,040 Speaker 1: Back we're talking about movies, you know, like like animation, 357 00:20:47,119 --> 00:20:51,200 Speaker 1: that sort of thing, that album. And then eighteen seventy 358 00:20:51,280 --> 00:20:54,359 Speaker 1: nine we get back to Edison, Yes with the lightbulb. 359 00:20:54,760 --> 00:20:57,960 Speaker 1: Lightbulb very important. Yeah, it's one of those things where 360 00:20:57,960 --> 00:21:00,320 Speaker 1: I I you know, otherwise you wouldn't have a way 361 00:21:00,359 --> 00:21:03,800 Speaker 1: to get picked it when somebody has an idea, right, yeah, 362 00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:05,760 Speaker 1: we would all be without ideas for the rest of 363 00:21:05,880 --> 00:21:08,520 Speaker 1: you know, it's amazing. Nothing would have happened now, Okay, 364 00:21:08,520 --> 00:21:11,280 Speaker 1: so light bulb, it's very simple, simple idea. The idea 365 00:21:11,359 --> 00:21:14,160 Speaker 1: here is that you use electricity to heat up some 366 00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:17,200 Speaker 1: sort of elements so that it gives off light very 367 00:21:17,240 --> 00:21:20,520 Speaker 1: thin filament of of metal, right, and some of the 368 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:24,400 Speaker 1: earliest ones were platinum. And Edison found that he could 369 00:21:24,520 --> 00:21:27,679 Speaker 1: make the light bulbs last longer if he encased or 370 00:21:27,880 --> 00:21:31,120 Speaker 1: if he encased the filament in a vacuumed sealed tube, 371 00:21:31,440 --> 00:21:34,159 Speaker 1: which in this case was the light bulb to the glass. 372 00:21:34,160 --> 00:21:37,560 Speaker 1: And he actually would uh did glassblowing himself, and he 373 00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:41,080 Speaker 1: would form the light bulbs and put it all together. 374 00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:42,919 Speaker 1: And um, the first one he had, I think it 375 00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:46,480 Speaker 1: lasted maybe like four hours, and then he was able 376 00:21:46,520 --> 00:21:50,520 Speaker 1: to make some improvements and gradually the lifetime of the 377 00:21:50,600 --> 00:21:53,320 Speaker 1: light bulb began to to get to a point where 378 00:21:53,320 --> 00:21:55,440 Speaker 1: it was actually a useful thing. And this really did 379 00:21:55,520 --> 00:21:58,480 Speaker 1: revolutionize the world. I mean you think about the world 380 00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:02,000 Speaker 1: was dark before the light bulb. I mean the when 381 00:22:02,119 --> 00:22:04,879 Speaker 1: night came you had you had candles and fireplaces and 382 00:22:04,920 --> 00:22:09,840 Speaker 1: that was about it. Yes, so you can move on. 383 00:22:09,880 --> 00:22:11,240 Speaker 1: I was just looking at the time, we need to 384 00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:18,680 Speaker 1: move on. And five Carl Benz he was the he's 385 00:22:18,720 --> 00:22:22,120 Speaker 1: credited with creating the first automobile with an internal combustion 386 00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:26,200 Speaker 1: engine that was a practical vehicle. Um, I mean there 387 00:22:26,280 --> 00:22:30,040 Speaker 1: had been some vehicles that used internal combustion engines for 388 00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:33,760 Speaker 1: uh to propel propelled themselves. Cush, It's been a long 389 00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:38,000 Speaker 1: day before that, but his was the first really practical one. 390 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:41,000 Speaker 1: Also the year when the safety bicycle was invented. Yes, 391 00:22:41,359 --> 00:22:43,879 Speaker 1: there had been all kinds of bone shakers and velocipedes 392 00:22:43,880 --> 00:22:47,320 Speaker 1: and unsafety bicycles, unsafety bicycles, you know, those ones with 393 00:22:47,320 --> 00:22:50,960 Speaker 1: the giant front wheel and the tiny back wheelac But 394 00:22:51,359 --> 00:22:55,080 Speaker 1: in five the Rover safety was released, designed by John 395 00:22:55,160 --> 00:22:58,600 Speaker 1: Kemp Stanley, and uh it, you know, basically equalized the 396 00:22:58,600 --> 00:23:02,640 Speaker 1: size of the wheels and introduce some other revisions to 397 00:23:02,640 --> 00:23:06,960 Speaker 1: to the design and people dia A few years later 398 00:23:07,160 --> 00:23:09,520 Speaker 1: when pneumatic tires came out. We're gonna get to eighty 399 00:23:09,520 --> 00:23:11,159 Speaker 1: eight in a minute. But that really made a difference 400 00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:15,800 Speaker 1: because then they weren't so painful to ride. So reminds 401 00:23:15,800 --> 00:23:17,159 Speaker 1: me have a joke, but it's dirty, so I have 402 00:23:17,200 --> 00:23:21,840 Speaker 1: to skip it. E seven. Radar, Heinrich hurts, well, then 403 00:23:21,840 --> 00:23:25,119 Speaker 1: he should take never mind. You're gonna be like that 404 00:23:25,160 --> 00:23:27,880 Speaker 1: with the Avengers too, are you thor yes it hurts? 405 00:23:29,080 --> 00:23:34,160 Speaker 1: Uh eight We get back to our buddy Nikola Tesla. Oh, yes, 406 00:23:34,320 --> 00:23:37,920 Speaker 1: this is when his A C motor and transformer invention 407 00:23:38,000 --> 00:23:40,760 Speaker 1: starts to take off. Now, Tesla, of course was a 408 00:23:40,760 --> 00:23:46,359 Speaker 1: contemporary and sometimes UM antagonists kind of to Edison. I 409 00:23:46,359 --> 00:23:49,240 Speaker 1: would say Edison was more of the antagonist Edison didn't 410 00:23:49,240 --> 00:23:51,879 Speaker 1: get along. Let's say Edison did everything in his power 411 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:55,800 Speaker 1: to make Tesla look bad and even though and probably 412 00:23:55,880 --> 00:24:00,760 Speaker 1: because the fact that Tesla's approach was the superior. UH. 413 00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:03,960 Speaker 1: Edison was backing direct current, which was great except for 414 00:24:03,960 --> 00:24:06,159 Speaker 1: the fact that you needed the generator every two miles 415 00:24:06,160 --> 00:24:08,560 Speaker 1: if you wanted to be able to transmit it over distance, 416 00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:12,720 Speaker 1: whereas Tesla's alternating current, where the current would move one 417 00:24:12,720 --> 00:24:15,240 Speaker 1: way and then move another way and then cycle through 418 00:24:15,240 --> 00:24:19,760 Speaker 1: those different ways like sixty times a second. His variation 419 00:24:19,880 --> 00:24:23,160 Speaker 1: would allow you to transmit electricity over huge distances without 420 00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:27,639 Speaker 1: losing power, which is why Tesla's method one out in 421 00:24:27,640 --> 00:24:30,560 Speaker 1: the long run. Yes. UH. In the in the late 422 00:24:30,680 --> 00:24:34,600 Speaker 1: eighteen sixties, UM Graham had introduced a way of generating 423 00:24:34,640 --> 00:24:39,080 Speaker 1: power that basically helped people warm up to the idea 424 00:24:39,119 --> 00:24:44,280 Speaker 1: of using electricity, but his UH were DC only dynamos 425 00:24:44,440 --> 00:24:48,960 Speaker 1: and UH. It was in eight when Tesla's version for 426 00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:53,160 Speaker 1: alternating current became available that people you know, really helped 427 00:24:53,160 --> 00:24:56,080 Speaker 1: it make a difference because you could send power over 428 00:24:56,240 --> 00:24:58,760 Speaker 1: longer distances with a C so it made it more useful. 429 00:24:59,240 --> 00:25:03,320 Speaker 1: And then years later he would be played by David Bowie. Okay, 430 00:25:03,359 --> 00:25:07,480 Speaker 1: then shall we go to your next one? Yes. One 431 00:25:07,520 --> 00:25:13,800 Speaker 1: of the most important patents to ever be patented. Patent 432 00:25:14,040 --> 00:25:18,439 Speaker 1: was the year note was the year that Edwin Prescott 433 00:25:18,520 --> 00:25:23,879 Speaker 1: patented the roller coaster rock on Edwin, I bet it 434 00:25:23,880 --> 00:25:27,359 Speaker 1: works better with Baul bearings. In nineteen o one, we 435 00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:33,600 Speaker 1: had the Transatlantic radio. Thank you Marconi. Yes, I'm sorry, Tesla. 436 00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:39,760 Speaker 1: Marconi also was a contemporary and sometimes antagonist to Tesla, 437 00:25:39,760 --> 00:25:42,920 Speaker 1: as it turns out, um, though he probably didn't wasn't 438 00:25:42,920 --> 00:25:45,719 Speaker 1: as aware of it. Nineteen o three, we have the 439 00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:48,639 Speaker 1: motor powered airplane. Do you remember who it was that 440 00:25:48,800 --> 00:25:53,600 Speaker 1: had that infamous flight at Kitty Hawk? Uh? Should well, 441 00:25:53,680 --> 00:26:00,000 Speaker 1: considering it's my home stage, that would be the Yeah, 442 00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:03,800 Speaker 1: that is right, Yes, the right brothers, Orville and Red 443 00:26:03,800 --> 00:26:07,800 Speaker 1: and Bucker. No wait, I'm Soilber Wilbur Orville and Wilbur 444 00:26:08,480 --> 00:26:11,600 Speaker 1: so I had a little popcorn on the brain there. Um, Yes, 445 00:26:11,680 --> 00:26:14,280 Speaker 1: they had their famous flight in the first flight in 446 00:26:14,359 --> 00:26:17,600 Speaker 1: nineteen o three where Orville piloted it the first time 447 00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:20,800 Speaker 1: for about It was about twenty ft above the ground. 448 00:26:21,440 --> 00:26:23,800 Speaker 1: It lasted all of twelve seconds, but it covered about 449 00:26:24,200 --> 00:26:27,240 Speaker 1: twenty feet so went a pretty good distance. Then they 450 00:26:27,320 --> 00:26:30,840 Speaker 1: made three more flights with Wilbur piloting the record flight, 451 00:26:31,240 --> 00:26:35,720 Speaker 1: which lasted one second shy of a minute fifty nine seconds, 452 00:26:36,320 --> 00:26:39,760 Speaker 1: went two ft. You can go a lot faster and 453 00:26:39,800 --> 00:26:43,560 Speaker 1: a lot farther now, But of course, yes, airplanes revolutionized travel. 454 00:26:43,720 --> 00:26:47,560 Speaker 1: Moving on splitting the atom in nineteen nineteen Lord Rutherford. Yeah, 455 00:26:47,560 --> 00:26:53,120 Speaker 1: he had a very fine fine knife. Uh. Nineteen twenty 456 00:26:53,240 --> 00:26:56,720 Speaker 1: seven television, All right, now, this is one of technology's 457 00:26:56,840 --> 00:27:02,520 Speaker 1: great controversies. Who invented television? Uh? Well, if you if 458 00:27:02,560 --> 00:27:05,720 Speaker 1: you look at patents, you're gonna see Philo T. Farnsworth. 459 00:27:06,240 --> 00:27:10,879 Speaker 1: And in fact he did successfully demonstrate h television working 460 00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:16,480 Speaker 1: through using an electron scanning too. But a Russian Vladimir's 461 00:27:16,560 --> 00:27:22,280 Speaker 1: Vorkian uh managed to first patented back in the twenties. Yeah, 462 00:27:22,520 --> 00:27:24,960 Speaker 1: this is one of the situations. We're sorry, go ahead. 463 00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:27,440 Speaker 1: This is one of the situations when both men were 464 00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:29,720 Speaker 1: working on it independently at the same time, so they 465 00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:33,240 Speaker 1: both you know, really have a legitimate claim. Now, who's first? Yeah, 466 00:27:33,480 --> 00:27:37,520 Speaker 1: Land Most people just think Lad got a little ahead 467 00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:44,760 Speaker 1: of Philo, But Vlad's Lad's invention never or it didn't work. 468 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:48,080 Speaker 1: He couldn't get to work before Philo got his to work. 469 00:27:48,760 --> 00:27:50,879 Speaker 1: So even though Lad may have come up with the 470 00:27:50,960 --> 00:27:54,639 Speaker 1: idea first, and I say, I stress may, because the 471 00:27:54,680 --> 00:27:57,760 Speaker 1: truth is still so Murky um Filo was the one 472 00:27:57,760 --> 00:28:00,280 Speaker 1: who got to work, and that's what kind of counted 473 00:28:00,320 --> 00:28:02,600 Speaker 1: in the eyes of history. Really, so we we credit 474 00:28:02,640 --> 00:28:06,240 Speaker 1: Philo as the inventor of television and h he the 475 00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:10,920 Speaker 1: first television picture was transmitted on September seven. N Yes, 476 00:28:11,280 --> 00:28:17,560 Speaker 1: moving over to nine yep uh. Nuclear fission. That's splitting 477 00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:21,240 Speaker 1: yes atoms so that you can get energy from them. Now, 478 00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:23,880 Speaker 1: they're two different ways you can get energy from by 479 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:26,720 Speaker 1: splitting atoms. One is a very controlled method, which would 480 00:28:26,760 --> 00:28:30,200 Speaker 1: be the way that we create nuclear power plants and 481 00:28:30,240 --> 00:28:33,359 Speaker 1: clear power plants still exists on fission there explaining these 482 00:28:33,359 --> 00:28:37,520 Speaker 1: in orders to generate heat, which then creates usually steam 483 00:28:37,560 --> 00:28:41,360 Speaker 1: to create power. The other way is an uncontrolled release 484 00:28:41,400 --> 00:28:46,600 Speaker 1: of energy, which we also call a bomb, yes, which 485 00:28:47,520 --> 00:28:50,920 Speaker 1: tragically we've also used atoms to do yes, yes, but 486 00:28:51,040 --> 00:28:55,680 Speaker 1: this uh Ottohn and Fritz Strassmann in Germany uh finally 487 00:28:55,840 --> 00:29:01,760 Speaker 1: proved that you could, uh that trans urentic elements are 488 00:29:01,800 --> 00:29:07,360 Speaker 1: are actual pieces of the radioisotopes of barium, lendenium and 489 00:29:07,400 --> 00:29:10,880 Speaker 1: other elements. According to Britannica. Yeah, and there were a 490 00:29:10,920 --> 00:29:13,080 Speaker 1: lot of so they could actually prove for a fact 491 00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:17,040 Speaker 1: that you could split or create fission, and there were 492 00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:19,920 Speaker 1: lots of that was really really famous names that were 493 00:29:19,920 --> 00:29:22,040 Speaker 1: connected to this because of course this is also during 494 00:29:22,040 --> 00:29:24,760 Speaker 1: World War Two and you have both the Germans and 495 00:29:24,800 --> 00:29:28,280 Speaker 1: the Americans and other countries as well working feverishly to 496 00:29:28,360 --> 00:29:31,640 Speaker 1: try and master the power of the atom in order 497 00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:34,720 Speaker 1: to put it to use in the war. So we 498 00:29:34,760 --> 00:29:38,400 Speaker 1: had everyone from like Niels Borne and Robert Oppenheimer, like 499 00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:43,560 Speaker 1: famous names, where all very much focused on nuclear fission 500 00:29:43,560 --> 00:29:46,400 Speaker 1: at the time. UM I would ask to point out 501 00:29:46,400 --> 00:29:48,720 Speaker 1: to really quickly that keep in mind that this is 502 00:29:48,760 --> 00:29:51,800 Speaker 1: after and I'll tell you why that's important at the 503 00:29:51,960 --> 00:29:55,880 Speaker 1: end of the podcast. UM. Then in ENIAC the first 504 00:29:55,920 --> 00:29:58,360 Speaker 1: electronic computer yep, yep. We talked about that in the 505 00:29:58,400 --> 00:30:01,840 Speaker 1: History of Computers ninet forty seven. We've talked about this before. 506 00:30:02,560 --> 00:30:06,680 Speaker 1: Bell Labs creates the transistor. Yep, yep. We we've talked 507 00:30:06,680 --> 00:30:08,920 Speaker 1: about a lot of these things towards the end of 508 00:30:08,960 --> 00:30:11,640 Speaker 1: the twentieth century, so we're gonna kind of uh yeah, 509 00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:17,000 Speaker 1: hop forward seven the things that went deep sput Nick 510 00:30:17,520 --> 00:30:20,200 Speaker 1: sput Nick. Of course, the first man made satellite launched 511 00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:25,160 Speaker 1: into orbit, launched by the ussr uh completely sent America 512 00:30:25,200 --> 00:30:27,520 Speaker 1: into a tizzy because if the Russians could launch a 513 00:30:27,560 --> 00:30:30,239 Speaker 1: satellite into space, they could also launch a missile at 514 00:30:30,280 --> 00:30:32,680 Speaker 1: the United States, or so was the thinking at the time. 515 00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:36,160 Speaker 1: And uh, it didn't do much other than beep, but 516 00:30:36,360 --> 00:30:39,280 Speaker 1: it was the first of many satellites, and of course 517 00:30:39,320 --> 00:30:42,800 Speaker 1: that has truly revolutionized technology. Speaking of those satellites, in 518 00:30:42,880 --> 00:30:46,480 Speaker 1: ninets come three was the first geo state g O 519 00:30:46,680 --> 00:30:50,480 Speaker 1: stationary satellite. You can't even look up, you know, pronounced 520 00:30:50,480 --> 00:30:52,160 Speaker 1: the words that, hey, I don't know how to look 521 00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:54,880 Speaker 1: at thank you need to look thank you Mr clark Yes, 522 00:30:55,240 --> 00:30:58,400 Speaker 1: but that's thank you to h Arthur C. Clark Um, 523 00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:03,200 Speaker 1: the famous writer and science dude. So in uh in 524 00:31:03,280 --> 00:31:06,640 Speaker 1: nineteen seventy three, actually April third, nineteen seventy three, we 525 00:31:06,680 --> 00:31:09,800 Speaker 1: can nail this down to the day. The first cell 526 00:31:09,840 --> 00:31:12,920 Speaker 1: phone was used by Martin Cooper, who used it to 527 00:31:13,760 --> 00:31:17,040 Speaker 1: call a competitor from across the street and wave in, say, 528 00:31:17,120 --> 00:31:24,080 Speaker 1: nanny ninni, boo boo, we have a horrible phone. The 529 00:31:24,120 --> 00:31:26,800 Speaker 1: home computer, Yeah, that's when we first start seeing computers 530 00:31:26,840 --> 00:31:30,959 Speaker 1: actually marketed for home use. And then in the nineteen 531 00:31:30,960 --> 00:31:33,320 Speaker 1: eighties we see the development of the Internet. The Internet 532 00:31:33,400 --> 00:31:35,800 Speaker 1: kind of evolved over time, so it's hard to you 533 00:31:35,840 --> 00:31:38,320 Speaker 1: can't really nail it down to a single year because 534 00:31:38,360 --> 00:31:41,960 Speaker 1: again it's predated the of course, if you talk about 535 00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:45,080 Speaker 1: Arpanett being the grandfather Shore, but that wasn't when people 536 00:31:45,240 --> 00:31:47,680 Speaker 1: in the general public was using the service, and you 537 00:31:47,680 --> 00:31:50,640 Speaker 1: could argue that arpin net was a single network, in 538 00:31:50,640 --> 00:31:52,760 Speaker 1: which case it would not be an Internet because an 539 00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:57,040 Speaker 1: Internet is an interconnected series of networks. So Arpanet would 540 00:31:57,040 --> 00:31:58,640 Speaker 1: just be one network. You would have to add a 541 00:31:58,680 --> 00:32:02,480 Speaker 1: second network before could call it an Internet. But that's 542 00:32:02,480 --> 00:32:09,760 Speaker 1: being a little picky compact, discs Tim berners Lee. He 543 00:32:09,800 --> 00:32:13,160 Speaker 1: creates the Worldwide Web, which is one of the most 544 00:32:13,200 --> 00:32:16,920 Speaker 1: important tools I think in the last century. Um, it's 545 00:32:16,920 --> 00:32:19,800 Speaker 1: how a lot of us managed to get information stay 546 00:32:19,800 --> 00:32:22,880 Speaker 1: in touch with each other. Everything from social networking to 547 00:32:23,360 --> 00:32:27,760 Speaker 1: uh researching recipes to getting a job. I mean, it's 548 00:32:27,840 --> 00:32:31,120 Speaker 1: really become something we heavily depend upon. And uh, you 549 00:32:31,160 --> 00:32:34,400 Speaker 1: know what he wrote the program on what's that he 550 00:32:35,080 --> 00:32:38,960 Speaker 1: used a next computer? Just thought you think that was 551 00:32:39,040 --> 00:32:40,920 Speaker 1: kind of cool? Yes, I do think that he used 552 00:32:40,920 --> 00:32:43,680 Speaker 1: a next computer. We should do a podcast on that 553 00:32:43,800 --> 00:32:47,480 Speaker 1: on the next Yeah, sure, and uh or maybe other 554 00:32:47,520 --> 00:32:49,760 Speaker 1: computer platforms that didn't survive, you know, we can do 555 00:32:49,840 --> 00:32:56,520 Speaker 1: that one next DVD SEP, the Digital Versatile disc, and 556 00:32:56,560 --> 00:32:59,160 Speaker 1: then there's all kinds of other discs that have followed 557 00:32:59,160 --> 00:33:02,200 Speaker 1: since into and we could go on. I mean, there 558 00:33:02,200 --> 00:33:05,480 Speaker 1: are obviously dozens and dozens of other technologies that we 559 00:33:05,480 --> 00:33:09,400 Speaker 1: could talk about, but that was HD and three players, 560 00:33:09,640 --> 00:33:13,560 Speaker 1: and lots of the developments are so fast now that 561 00:33:13,560 --> 00:33:15,520 Speaker 1: it's hard to even keep a track on. I mean, 562 00:33:15,560 --> 00:33:18,120 Speaker 1: we didn't talk about B A VHS, we didn't talk 563 00:33:18,120 --> 00:33:21,920 Speaker 1: about cassettes, we didn't talk about magnetic tape at all really, 564 00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:25,320 Speaker 1: or you know, in solid state drives anything like that. 565 00:33:25,400 --> 00:33:27,440 Speaker 1: But yeah, I mean, when you get down to it, 566 00:33:27,480 --> 00:33:29,520 Speaker 1: there's way too much to cover In two years. We 567 00:33:29,560 --> 00:33:32,400 Speaker 1: wanted to hit the really really big points, and there 568 00:33:32,400 --> 00:33:35,560 Speaker 1: are tons and tons of others that deserve mentioned so 569 00:33:35,680 --> 00:33:38,000 Speaker 1: you know, please feel free to let us know if 570 00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:40,400 Speaker 1: we missed one of your favorites. But as I, as 571 00:33:40,400 --> 00:33:42,680 Speaker 1: I said before, you have to tell us one other 572 00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:49,040 Speaker 1: thing to everything after we mentioned otto Frederick row Wedder 573 00:33:50,040 --> 00:33:54,400 Speaker 1: invented the bread slicing machine, So everything after you have 574 00:33:54,440 --> 00:33:57,400 Speaker 1: to tell us which is the best thing since sliced 575 00:33:57,480 --> 00:34:03,000 Speaker 1: bread from roller Coaster? Okay, well that wraps up our 576 00:34:03,160 --> 00:34:09,480 Speaker 1: two hundred episode. And that's what happens. I know, that's 577 00:34:09,520 --> 00:34:11,520 Speaker 1: what happens. Would they do lots and lots and lots 578 00:34:11,560 --> 00:34:14,120 Speaker 1: of research would go way over time? You know, you 579 00:34:14,160 --> 00:34:16,920 Speaker 1: start finding fun stuff and then we investigator. In my defense, 580 00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:20,440 Speaker 1: the one episode also went over time. So if you 581 00:34:20,480 --> 00:34:25,120 Speaker 1: guys have any questions or suggestions for podcast topics or 582 00:34:25,280 --> 00:34:27,759 Speaker 1: you just want to, you know, say hello, you can 583 00:34:27,840 --> 00:34:31,440 Speaker 1: email us. Our address is tech Stuff at how supports 584 00:34:31,480 --> 00:34:33,640 Speaker 1: dot com Chris and I will talk to you again 585 00:34:34,080 --> 00:34:41,840 Speaker 1: probably two hundred more times really soon if you're a 586 00:34:41,880 --> 00:34:43,799 Speaker 1: tech stuff and be sure to check us out on 587 00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:47,359 Speaker 1: Twitter text stuff hs ws R handle, and you can 588 00:34:47,440 --> 00:34:50,600 Speaker 1: also find us on Facebook at Facebook dot com slash 589 00:34:50,640 --> 00:34:54,520 Speaker 1: tech Stuff h s W for more on this and 590 00:34:54,560 --> 00:34:57,120 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Does it how stuff Works dot 591 00:34:57,120 --> 00:34:59,239 Speaker 1: com and be sure to check out the New Tech 592 00:34:59,280 --> 00:35:05,040 Speaker 1: Stuff blog. Now I'm on the House off Works homepage, 593 00:35:06,640 --> 00:35:09,200 Speaker 1: brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 594 00:35:09,520 --> 00:35:10,680 Speaker 1: It's ready, are you