1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff 2 00:00:04,320 --> 00:00:12,760 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:12,840 --> 00:00:16,200 Speaker 1: Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant. You put the 4 00:00:16,239 --> 00:00:18,560 Speaker 1: two of us together in front a couple of microphones 5 00:00:18,600 --> 00:00:23,040 Speaker 1: in an alarmingly red room. You have stuff you should 6 00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:29,160 Speaker 1: know the podcast. That's right, the podcast, the one and only. Yes, 7 00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:33,040 Speaker 1: not Catholic Stuff you should know. Is it still around? 8 00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:35,720 Speaker 1: I don't know, but they need to do penance for that. 9 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:38,600 Speaker 1: There's a guy on YouTube too that has a little 10 00:00:38,720 --> 00:00:44,200 Speaker 1: um video series called stuff you should Know that. Um, 11 00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:46,680 Speaker 1: that's copyright infringement. I don't know. I think he's been 12 00:00:46,760 --> 00:00:51,800 Speaker 1: dealt with. Actually is Yeah, that's what happens. And it's 13 00:00:51,800 --> 00:00:53,920 Speaker 1: not about thick stuff you should know. I mean, it's 14 00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:56,600 Speaker 1: really I don't know why you called it that. It's weird. 15 00:00:57,560 --> 00:01:01,480 Speaker 1: What's it about? Just go watch it? Everybody out there 16 00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:06,399 Speaker 1: watch it, right, We're just gonna boost him to fame. Huh. Um, Chuck, 17 00:01:07,319 --> 00:01:11,080 Speaker 1: have you ever seen a black hole? Um? No, no 18 00:01:11,440 --> 00:01:13,640 Speaker 1: you haven't, and you know why because no one has. 19 00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:17,320 Speaker 1: They're invisible. As a matter of fact, we can't even 20 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:22,840 Speaker 1: say that they are real. If you're an empiricist and 21 00:01:22,920 --> 00:01:27,200 Speaker 1: empiricism if you forgot your philosophy. One oh one is 22 00:01:27,240 --> 00:01:31,640 Speaker 1: the idea that nothing exists unless you can detect it 23 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:35,000 Speaker 1: with your senses one or all of the five senses. 24 00:01:35,040 --> 00:01:38,959 Speaker 1: Do you know who champion that I'm just asking? Let's 25 00:01:38,959 --> 00:01:41,760 Speaker 1: say Bacon. Okay. I thought you were gonna say Decart, 26 00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:44,680 Speaker 1: but I don't think so. No. Deck Cartes was more 27 00:01:44,720 --> 00:01:49,640 Speaker 1: into himself. He talked a lot about the eye. Yeah. Yeah, Um, 28 00:01:49,760 --> 00:01:53,080 Speaker 1: I'm gonna say, Sir Francis Bacon, all right, Okay, I'm 29 00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:57,120 Speaker 1: probably totally wrong, but not love Bacon. Empirically speaking, black 30 00:01:57,160 --> 00:01:59,960 Speaker 1: holes don't exist because we can't detect them. We can't 31 00:02:00,040 --> 00:02:02,160 Speaker 1: hear him, although I have heard that they do make 32 00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:05,680 Speaker 1: a sound. Yeah, and I have. Morgan Freeman said that 33 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:09,760 Speaker 1: we can probably hear them before we could see them. 34 00:02:09,919 --> 00:02:11,959 Speaker 1: The reason we can't see them. So let's just say, 35 00:02:11,960 --> 00:02:16,160 Speaker 1: if you are um part of hearing or deaf, okay, 36 00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:23,239 Speaker 1: and you can't taste, yeah, and you can't touch you, 37 00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:25,560 Speaker 1: you have no sensations. It's just your eyes that you 38 00:02:25,600 --> 00:02:29,040 Speaker 1: rely on. Black holes will probably never exist to you. 39 00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:34,079 Speaker 1: Got you? That's my inter that's good, Thank you. This 40 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:36,320 Speaker 1: one melted my brain a little, have to admit I 41 00:02:36,360 --> 00:02:38,960 Speaker 1: was expecting a brain melt. But I thought Fred and Rick, 42 00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:41,680 Speaker 1: Fred and Rich. We've never figured out how to pronounce 43 00:02:41,720 --> 00:02:45,799 Speaker 1: his name. Let's go Rich, the only um writer that 44 00:02:45,919 --> 00:02:48,320 Speaker 1: how stuff works with a PhD. That's what they toss him, 45 00:02:48,360 --> 00:02:51,040 Speaker 1: ones like how black holes work. He I thought he 46 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:53,880 Speaker 1: did a decent job. I think it's a high time 47 00:02:53,880 --> 00:02:57,720 Speaker 1: we get our honorary PhD. Where would you want yours from? 48 00:02:57,919 --> 00:03:02,800 Speaker 1: I don't know, some I don't know. Maybe Georgia. Okay, 49 00:03:03,520 --> 00:03:06,320 Speaker 1: why not I take a doctorate from Georgia that I 50 00:03:06,360 --> 00:03:09,200 Speaker 1: didn't have to lift a finger for. Okay, well we 51 00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:11,040 Speaker 1: just put the call up. My dad got a doctor 52 00:03:11,080 --> 00:03:14,040 Speaker 1: from Georgia. Yeah, but he got a real one. Yeah. Sure, 53 00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:15,720 Speaker 1: he had to write the whole thesis and all that stuff. 54 00:03:15,720 --> 00:03:18,440 Speaker 1: Do you ever call him doctor? Uh No, but that's 55 00:03:18,440 --> 00:03:20,239 Speaker 1: what he You know, he went by the whole time, 56 00:03:20,360 --> 00:03:23,959 Speaker 1: Dr Bryant. If you got an honorary doctor, you could 57 00:03:24,040 --> 00:03:26,760 Speaker 1: do that whole um spies like us thing with your 58 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:33,919 Speaker 1: dad doctor doctor. Yeah. Yeah, we're really stalling on this one. 59 00:03:34,720 --> 00:03:37,600 Speaker 1: Don't want to talk about black all right, I'm gonna 60 00:03:37,640 --> 00:03:41,320 Speaker 1: kick it all off, all right, So black holes we 61 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:45,040 Speaker 1: don't know that they exist for certain, although yes we do. 62 00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:47,880 Speaker 1: You can't see him, I guess, is ultimately what I'm saying. 63 00:03:48,480 --> 00:03:52,600 Speaker 1: But um, there was a real lag in between the 64 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:56,520 Speaker 1: time that they were predicted to exist, um, before we 65 00:03:56,560 --> 00:03:59,080 Speaker 1: started figuring out how to detect them, and we detect 66 00:03:59,160 --> 00:04:02,720 Speaker 1: them indirectly. Sure, but um, A lot of people say 67 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:06,440 Speaker 1: Einstein was the first one to predict black holes. Not true. Yeah, 68 00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:11,440 Speaker 1: this blew me away. Oh yeah, this dude, yeah, pretty smart. 69 00:04:11,920 --> 00:04:17,799 Speaker 1: Uh what's his name? Pierre Simon Laplace? And he used 70 00:04:17,839 --> 00:04:21,240 Speaker 1: Newton's theory of gravity and he said he calculated, you know, 71 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:25,400 Speaker 1: if there's an object compressed small enough, um, the escape 72 00:04:25,480 --> 00:04:27,680 Speaker 1: velocity of that object would be faster than the speed 73 00:04:27,680 --> 00:04:30,280 Speaker 1: of light. And he was like right on the money, Yeah, 74 00:04:30,279 --> 00:04:34,480 Speaker 1: which means that nothing can escape this, including light. Yeah, 75 00:04:34,520 --> 00:04:37,240 Speaker 1: because if light can't escape it's the fastest thing around, 76 00:04:37,960 --> 00:04:40,400 Speaker 1: then nothing can. Yeah. I guess we should just say 77 00:04:40,440 --> 00:04:42,880 Speaker 1: simply straight up. First of all, I still haven't even 78 00:04:42,880 --> 00:04:46,279 Speaker 1: said what it is. Yeah, it is what remains after 79 00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:52,359 Speaker 1: a former star um collapses upon itself, after Gordon Webb 80 00:04:52,480 --> 00:04:57,240 Speaker 1: collapses upon himself, either by super nova, which is a 81 00:04:57,279 --> 00:05:02,159 Speaker 1: little more um explosive. I understand it's dramatic um or. 82 00:05:02,400 --> 00:05:04,800 Speaker 1: I just learned this term and nova. Have you heard 83 00:05:04,839 --> 00:05:06,599 Speaker 1: of that? No, I haven't. I think that's newer on 84 00:05:06,640 --> 00:05:10,760 Speaker 1: the scene, and that is a little a little more anticlimactic. 85 00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:13,719 Speaker 1: And that's when a star will just sort of disappear. 86 00:05:14,400 --> 00:05:16,480 Speaker 1: It's not a big explosion. It just kind of shrinks 87 00:05:16,520 --> 00:05:21,480 Speaker 1: and collapses. It's like the credit Garbo of black Holes exactly. So, 88 00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:25,080 Speaker 1: uh yeah. Or an un nova. I've not heard of 89 00:05:25,080 --> 00:05:28,160 Speaker 1: that one. I watched through the Wormhole today and there 90 00:05:28,200 --> 00:05:31,440 Speaker 1: was a guy just going on and on about the unknova. Yeah. Yeah, 91 00:05:31,600 --> 00:05:36,240 Speaker 1: He's like, seriously, they're so understated. It's okay. So, uh well, 92 00:05:36,360 --> 00:05:38,280 Speaker 1: let's let's just give a quick primer of what a 93 00:05:38,360 --> 00:05:41,720 Speaker 1: star is. The star is essentially a big fusion reactor, right, 94 00:05:41,760 --> 00:05:44,719 Speaker 1: So there's nuclear explosion after nuclear explosion. It's constant and 95 00:05:44,720 --> 00:05:48,800 Speaker 1: they're massive, and they want to blow the star, which 96 00:05:48,839 --> 00:05:52,520 Speaker 1: is a ball of gas outward. But you have another 97 00:05:52,600 --> 00:05:55,800 Speaker 1: force called gravity, which is trying to draw the star 98 00:05:55,920 --> 00:05:59,120 Speaker 1: inward toward its center. So you have this interplay, this 99 00:05:59,240 --> 00:06:04,360 Speaker 1: push and pull between nuclear explosion and gravity, and that 100 00:06:04,480 --> 00:06:09,800 Speaker 1: defines the star. Yeah, the equilibrium between the two. Yeah, 101 00:06:09,839 --> 00:06:12,479 Speaker 1: and as I understand it, as they have these reactions, 102 00:06:12,520 --> 00:06:16,880 Speaker 1: they're actually burning up these gases in like a specific order, 103 00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:20,760 Speaker 1: even until eventually there is none left. Is that right? Right? Yeah, 104 00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:22,920 Speaker 1: Gravity is always gonna win out because the star is 105 00:06:22,960 --> 00:06:26,240 Speaker 1: going to spend its fuel, right, Okay, So when the 106 00:06:26,279 --> 00:06:29,320 Speaker 1: star spends its fuel, gravity, it's like, ha ha, I 107 00:06:29,400 --> 00:06:31,320 Speaker 1: got the better of you, and I'm going to start 108 00:06:31,360 --> 00:06:34,760 Speaker 1: pulling in like I've always wanted to. And it compresses everything. 109 00:06:35,120 --> 00:06:37,760 Speaker 1: And then in the case of a supernova, the supernova 110 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:41,440 Speaker 1: happens that explosion, right, Yeah, it sends stuff all out 111 00:06:41,480 --> 00:06:44,400 Speaker 1: all over the place, and then what's left is a core, 112 00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:48,640 Speaker 1: but it's a super compressed core, which is fairly small, 113 00:06:48,680 --> 00:06:51,440 Speaker 1: the most dense thing you can imagine. Right. So, our 114 00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:54,880 Speaker 1: Earth has a gravitational field. It's a pretty massive body. 115 00:06:54,920 --> 00:06:58,040 Speaker 1: Comparatively speaking, it's a speck, but to you and me, 116 00:06:58,200 --> 00:07:00,680 Speaker 1: it's pretty big, and it's big enough so that the 117 00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:04,839 Speaker 1: gravitational field prevents it from from being sucked inward. Right. 118 00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:08,560 Speaker 1: But if the Earth were smaller, the gravitational field will 119 00:07:08,600 --> 00:07:12,120 Speaker 1: get stronger and stronger because the more dense something is 120 00:07:12,640 --> 00:07:16,200 Speaker 1: and the smaller it's radius. As I believe, is how 121 00:07:16,200 --> 00:07:20,880 Speaker 1: they put it. Astrophysically speaking, the stronger the force of 122 00:07:20,920 --> 00:07:24,480 Speaker 1: gravity acting on that. So the gravitational field around that 123 00:07:24,600 --> 00:07:29,240 Speaker 1: small object, like the core of a dead star um 124 00:07:29,400 --> 00:07:33,520 Speaker 1: is incredibly strong. Right. So you've got that core and 125 00:07:33,560 --> 00:07:36,440 Speaker 1: this gravitational feel acting on it, and gravity just keeps 126 00:07:36,480 --> 00:07:41,160 Speaker 1: pressing and pressing and pressing until the thing actually sinks 127 00:07:41,880 --> 00:07:44,680 Speaker 1: into the fabric of time and space. And my friend, 128 00:07:45,240 --> 00:07:47,520 Speaker 1: you have a black hole. Now do you have a 129 00:07:47,520 --> 00:07:50,560 Speaker 1: hole in the fabric of time and space? Yeah, you 130 00:07:50,600 --> 00:07:53,600 Speaker 1: can't see into it. You can't send anything into it 131 00:07:53,720 --> 00:07:56,960 Speaker 1: to report back. Well, yeah, that's the caveat. You can 132 00:07:57,000 --> 00:07:59,640 Speaker 1: send whatever you want into it. It ain't it ain't 133 00:07:59,640 --> 00:08:02,720 Speaker 1: coming back. It will. It will swallow anything that crosses 134 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:07,040 Speaker 1: the event horizon like mouth. Yeah, it's like the rim, right, 135 00:08:08,840 --> 00:08:11,800 Speaker 1: but it doesn't. Just like, uh, this thing I read 136 00:08:11,840 --> 00:08:13,800 Speaker 1: and we need to give a shout out to Hubble 137 00:08:13,880 --> 00:08:17,440 Speaker 1: Hubble site, hubble site dot org. They have this great 138 00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:21,280 Speaker 1: interactive thing on black holes. It's just really extensive. That's 139 00:08:21,280 --> 00:08:23,200 Speaker 1: where you fly through space. Yeah, it's very cool. It's 140 00:08:23,200 --> 00:08:26,680 Speaker 1: pretty cool. Uh So they what's important to point out 141 00:08:26,720 --> 00:08:28,280 Speaker 1: because I thought it was just like this vacuum that 142 00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:32,440 Speaker 1: just sucked everything, you know, sucked everything inside of it 143 00:08:32,480 --> 00:08:35,280 Speaker 1: and like killed it. Yeah, it dejects stuff even well, 144 00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:38,520 Speaker 1: it ejects stuff, but it also doesn't suck anything into 145 00:08:38,559 --> 00:08:44,040 Speaker 1: itself anymore so than anything else in space with similar mass. Yeah, 146 00:08:44,240 --> 00:08:48,240 Speaker 1: like vacuum cleaner. Right, Yeah, exactly. Like if we weren't 147 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:51,040 Speaker 1: going so fast around the Sun, we could potentially be 148 00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:53,880 Speaker 1: pulled into the Sun, but because we're going around it 149 00:08:54,080 --> 00:08:56,839 Speaker 1: like I think sixty seven thousand miles per hour, it 150 00:08:56,920 --> 00:08:59,960 Speaker 1: prevents it from happening. And theoretically, if you could go 151 00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:03,480 Speaker 1: super super fast around in an orbit around a black hole, 152 00:09:03,480 --> 00:09:05,800 Speaker 1: you wouldn't get sucked in either, but you'd have to 153 00:09:05,840 --> 00:09:08,360 Speaker 1: be in a perfect orbit. Okay, if you're off at all, 154 00:09:08,400 --> 00:09:12,920 Speaker 1: then bye bye. Okay, So you mentioned the event horizon, right, Um, 155 00:09:12,960 --> 00:09:16,320 Speaker 1: that core, that super compressed core is called the singularity. Yeah, 156 00:09:16,360 --> 00:09:18,960 Speaker 1: we don't know a lot about that um, and black 157 00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:23,360 Speaker 1: hole has a lot of really cool quirky UM aspects 158 00:09:23,400 --> 00:09:25,960 Speaker 1: to it. Number one one quirky. One thing I learned 159 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 1: about this that I didn't realize is that black holes 160 00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:31,480 Speaker 1: like move around space. Yeah, so, like you have a 161 00:09:31,520 --> 00:09:36,000 Speaker 1: hole in space, the fabric of space and time. Because 162 00:09:36,080 --> 00:09:41,240 Speaker 1: time and space are totally intertwined, they can't be separated. Um, 163 00:09:41,280 --> 00:09:44,400 Speaker 1: that's moving around, right, and there could be lots of them, right, 164 00:09:45,280 --> 00:09:51,000 Speaker 1: So yeah, depending on the kind. Um, there's probably tens 165 00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:55,679 Speaker 1: of millions of ones called stellar black holes, which are 166 00:09:55,679 --> 00:09:58,800 Speaker 1: about anywhere between ten to twenty four times the mass 167 00:09:58,840 --> 00:10:01,840 Speaker 1: of our Sun. And then there's super massive black holes, 168 00:10:01,880 --> 00:10:05,600 Speaker 1: which are tens of millions to billions of times more 169 00:10:05,679 --> 00:10:08,200 Speaker 1: massive than our Sun. And they think that there may 170 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:11,520 Speaker 1: be one of those at the center of every galaxy. Yeah, 171 00:10:11,559 --> 00:10:12,800 Speaker 1: and at the very least at the center of the 172 00:10:12,880 --> 00:10:17,360 Speaker 1: Milky Way. Right. So the other quirky part, this is 173 00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:21,439 Speaker 1: my favorite thing about about black holes, is so gravity, 174 00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:25,920 Speaker 1: if it's strong enough, it has the capability of bending 175 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:30,520 Speaker 1: space that pulls on space spacetime. Yes, because space and 176 00:10:30,520 --> 00:10:32,760 Speaker 1: time are intertwined, that means it also pulls on time. 177 00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:36,480 Speaker 1: So if you get close to a black hole, um, 178 00:10:36,520 --> 00:10:38,080 Speaker 1: and I think we talked about this a little bit 179 00:10:38,080 --> 00:10:41,200 Speaker 1: in the time travel episode. Uh, as you get closer 180 00:10:41,360 --> 00:10:45,920 Speaker 1: to the event horizon, they drag on time will actually 181 00:10:45,960 --> 00:10:49,840 Speaker 1: slow time for you relative to say the people back 182 00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:53,360 Speaker 1: here on Earth because at the event horizon, the reason 183 00:10:53,400 --> 00:10:55,600 Speaker 1: they call it an event horizon. Is an event is 184 00:10:55,600 --> 00:10:58,360 Speaker 1: a point in space time and as you get closer 185 00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:01,320 Speaker 1: to the event horizons, time slow until you hit the 186 00:11:01,360 --> 00:11:06,520 Speaker 1: event horizon and time stands still. You're going faster than 187 00:11:06,559 --> 00:11:09,720 Speaker 1: the speed of light. And once you pass that, there's 188 00:11:09,840 --> 00:11:14,440 Speaker 1: there's time to stops. That's a pretty quirky characteristic. The 189 00:11:14,559 --> 00:11:18,080 Speaker 1: quirkiest great word for it. Yeah. Uh. The event horizon 190 00:11:18,120 --> 00:11:22,760 Speaker 1: has a radius called the schwartz Field swatch Child radius. 191 00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:28,199 Speaker 1: Sorry about that, And it's name for Carl Schwartzchild and 192 00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:32,000 Speaker 1: he was one of the early leading theorists on black holes. 193 00:11:32,559 --> 00:11:36,400 Speaker 1: And I think the radius, I believe where don't have 194 00:11:36,400 --> 00:11:39,240 Speaker 1: that note if the Earth where to become a black hole. 195 00:11:39,280 --> 00:11:41,120 Speaker 1: I think the radius is the size of a marble. 196 00:11:41,640 --> 00:11:44,360 Speaker 1: That's what you'd have to shrink the Earth down to. Yeah, 197 00:11:45,280 --> 00:11:47,800 Speaker 1: pretty cool and very small. It's mind blowing. It is 198 00:11:47,800 --> 00:11:53,000 Speaker 1: mind blowing. Um. And I think they the supermassive black 199 00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:56,560 Speaker 1: holes like the supernovas have only I think they happen 200 00:11:56,640 --> 00:11:59,120 Speaker 1: like once or twice per century. It's like we haven't 201 00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:02,480 Speaker 1: observed one of these because it's too far away and 202 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:05,400 Speaker 1: it's too intermittent. Huh. But I think they're on the 203 00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:08,040 Speaker 1: lookout and like the next time there is one, hopefully 204 00:12:08,080 --> 00:12:11,600 Speaker 1: it's within the range that we can see or here 205 00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:16,120 Speaker 1: and the dude on through the wormholes. Like we wouldn't 206 00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:18,920 Speaker 1: sleep for weeks if that happened, Like we'd be running 207 00:12:18,960 --> 00:12:22,280 Speaker 1: so many tests trying to measure and uh, you know, 208 00:12:22,360 --> 00:12:24,560 Speaker 1: see how big it was and how far away it is. 209 00:12:24,640 --> 00:12:28,400 Speaker 1: And so it's a bit of a quandary. Do you 210 00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:31,480 Speaker 1: think it will happen anytime soon? I don't know. I 211 00:12:31,520 --> 00:12:34,400 Speaker 1: don't know when the last one was. So we're you 212 00:12:34,480 --> 00:12:36,640 Speaker 1: just mentioned the supermassive black hole, and they think that 213 00:12:36,640 --> 00:12:40,199 Speaker 1: there's one at the center of every galaxy, right, um, 214 00:12:40,240 --> 00:12:43,240 Speaker 1: And but there's there's kind of a mystery if black 215 00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:46,120 Speaker 1: holes aren't mysterious enough, there's a mystery to like why 216 00:12:46,160 --> 00:12:49,040 Speaker 1: there's such a huge difference in the two sizes the 217 00:12:49,080 --> 00:12:51,079 Speaker 1: stellar black hole which is like ten to twenty four 218 00:12:51,120 --> 00:12:53,480 Speaker 1: times our son, which, by the way, our son will 219 00:12:53,480 --> 00:12:56,360 Speaker 1: never become a black hole on its own, it's too small. 220 00:12:57,120 --> 00:13:02,360 Speaker 1: The that guy Simon Pierre Loss or Pierre Simon Lapasse, 221 00:13:02,640 --> 00:13:05,000 Speaker 1: he calculated that it has to be three times the 222 00:13:05,080 --> 00:13:07,440 Speaker 1: mass of our Sun, So our son is like a 223 00:13:07,520 --> 00:13:10,880 Speaker 1: third of the mass right, so it will never become 224 00:13:10,880 --> 00:13:14,160 Speaker 1: a black hole, but it could become a black hole 225 00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:17,680 Speaker 1: if it becomes a neutron star, or even as a star, 226 00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:20,880 Speaker 1: if it collides with another star, it can form a 227 00:13:20,920 --> 00:13:22,880 Speaker 1: black hole. It can be sucked up by a black 228 00:13:22,880 --> 00:13:25,079 Speaker 1: hole to make an even bigger black hole. And they 229 00:13:25,080 --> 00:13:27,559 Speaker 1: think perhaps, or I suspect this is the way that 230 00:13:27,600 --> 00:13:30,280 Speaker 1: they're headed. They think that a super massive black hole 231 00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:33,800 Speaker 1: is just a bunch of black holes pushed together. Yeah, 232 00:13:33,800 --> 00:13:36,240 Speaker 1: because I did read it. If they collide, they potentially 233 00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:39,080 Speaker 1: would just like join forces. Yeah. And they think also 234 00:13:39,160 --> 00:13:42,760 Speaker 1: that stars can collide and create bigger stars and bigger 235 00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:46,240 Speaker 1: stars and bigger stars, and then when those die, they 236 00:13:46,240 --> 00:13:48,440 Speaker 1: could on their own form a super massive black hole. 237 00:13:48,760 --> 00:13:52,360 Speaker 1: But if it's at the center of a galaxy, probably 238 00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:54,200 Speaker 1: what's going on. It's like if you have a sheet 239 00:13:54,480 --> 00:13:56,280 Speaker 1: and you put a baseball in the middle. Remember we 240 00:13:56,280 --> 00:13:59,520 Speaker 1: were talking about wormholes, It kind of bends the sheet. 241 00:13:59,679 --> 00:14:01,560 Speaker 1: So if you drop a marble on the sheet, it's 242 00:14:01,559 --> 00:14:04,960 Speaker 1: going to go towards the center. So what I think 243 00:14:05,040 --> 00:14:09,000 Speaker 1: is going on is that there's this there's super massive 244 00:14:09,040 --> 00:14:10,520 Speaker 1: black holes at the center of a galaxy, and it 245 00:14:10,640 --> 00:14:14,840 Speaker 1: just eventually everything is moving toward that to form a 246 00:14:14,880 --> 00:14:17,280 Speaker 1: huge black hole. Really, that's what I think is happening. 247 00:14:17,720 --> 00:14:22,560 Speaker 1: So we're yeah, but not in our lifetime. Well, who 248 00:14:22,560 --> 00:14:25,400 Speaker 1: cares about our children and their children? Yeah? I can't 249 00:14:25,400 --> 00:14:28,080 Speaker 1: even conceive how far down there it is? Should we 250 00:14:28,120 --> 00:14:30,840 Speaker 1: talk about? Um? The different too, A couple of two 251 00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:35,120 Speaker 1: different types. UM, the Schwartz Child non rotating type, in 252 00:14:35,200 --> 00:14:40,440 Speaker 1: the ker or ker Newman rotating type. UM. It's pretty simple. 253 00:14:40,800 --> 00:14:44,440 Speaker 1: If the star was rotating before it collapsed upon itself, 254 00:14:44,880 --> 00:14:48,760 Speaker 1: it will continue to rotate afterwards, for I guess as 255 00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:52,000 Speaker 1: long as it's around, Is that right? Yeah? It's the 256 00:14:52,040 --> 00:14:58,240 Speaker 1: angular conservation of angular momentum, where like if something spinning, 257 00:14:58,440 --> 00:15:00,360 Speaker 1: why would it stop? I think it's how to put 258 00:15:00,600 --> 00:15:04,160 Speaker 1: like an ice skater pretty much. Uh. And the curb 259 00:15:04,200 --> 00:15:06,680 Speaker 1: black hole is a little more complex. Um. It has 260 00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:10,000 Speaker 1: the singularity which we've talked about, the event horizon, which 261 00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:12,640 Speaker 1: you've talked about but you don't want to go near. 262 00:15:13,560 --> 00:15:16,320 Speaker 1: Did you see that movie? I love that movie. It's 263 00:15:16,320 --> 00:15:18,960 Speaker 1: one of my favorite horror movies. I need to go 264 00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:21,280 Speaker 1: back and rewatch it. You should because I remember liking 265 00:15:21,320 --> 00:15:23,000 Speaker 1: it to a point and then not thinking it was 266 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:28,680 Speaker 1: so great, No you're thinking of yeah, okay, and never 267 00:15:28,840 --> 00:15:33,880 Speaker 1: has a movie spectacularly fallen upon event horizon was Sam Neil, Right, yeah, okay, 268 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:38,640 Speaker 1: the class act he is, isn't he? Uh? And then 269 00:15:38,680 --> 00:15:42,760 Speaker 1: there's the ergosphere and that is the UM egg shaped region. 270 00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:47,680 Speaker 1: Basically that's the spinning part because it's dragging space around it, 271 00:15:47,760 --> 00:15:49,920 Speaker 1: so it's gonna have the shape. And then the static 272 00:15:49,960 --> 00:15:52,400 Speaker 1: limit is the boundary between the ergosphere and what they 273 00:15:52,400 --> 00:15:55,800 Speaker 1: call normal space. So there was something in here that 274 00:15:55,920 --> 00:16:00,320 Speaker 1: UM and I couldn't find this time, but before I've 275 00:16:00,400 --> 00:16:03,960 Speaker 1: found that a car ring, right, the rotating black hole. 276 00:16:04,680 --> 00:16:10,040 Speaker 1: UM doesn't have a singularity because the centrifugal force combats 277 00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:13,680 Speaker 1: gravity enough so that the core can't be compressed enough 278 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:16,080 Speaker 1: to form a singularity, which is the whole reason why 279 00:16:16,160 --> 00:16:19,680 Speaker 1: they think that that could potentially be used as a 280 00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:23,480 Speaker 1: wormhole to travel through time bridge perhaps because with the 281 00:16:23,520 --> 00:16:29,520 Speaker 1: singularity you have spaghettification, which is a real word, right, Um. 282 00:16:29,520 --> 00:16:31,880 Speaker 1: Where As you get closer and closer to it, gravity 283 00:16:31,920 --> 00:16:35,200 Speaker 1: just pulls you on an atomic and cellular level and 284 00:16:35,280 --> 00:16:42,120 Speaker 1: stretches you into like this dead string version of yourself. Right, 285 00:16:42,200 --> 00:16:46,200 Speaker 1: But the centrifugal force prevents gravity from becoming that powerful 286 00:16:46,240 --> 00:16:49,000 Speaker 1: around the carrying, which supposedly you should be able to 287 00:16:49,040 --> 00:16:53,440 Speaker 1: go through it. Is that your theory? No, No, I've 288 00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:55,320 Speaker 1: seen it elsewhere. I'm just saying, I don't know that 289 00:16:55,640 --> 00:17:00,840 Speaker 1: caring or care black hole has a singularity. Dispute that, Okay, 290 00:17:00,880 --> 00:17:03,960 Speaker 1: I got you. Um, And I think that the schwartz 291 00:17:04,040 --> 00:17:06,960 Speaker 1: Child black hole does not have the ergosphere of the 292 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:09,080 Speaker 1: static limit. Is that right? Yeah? I don't think so, 293 00:17:09,240 --> 00:17:11,439 Speaker 1: just the singularity in the event horizon. Yeah, the swarts 294 00:17:11,520 --> 00:17:13,040 Speaker 1: Child one is the one that you think of when 295 00:17:13,040 --> 00:17:16,520 Speaker 1: you think of a black hole. Oh, isn't Huh. It's 296 00:17:16,520 --> 00:17:18,479 Speaker 1: just like a black hole. It's got a singularity, it's 297 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:22,639 Speaker 1: got the event horizon. Can escape caring, light can escape, 298 00:17:22,680 --> 00:17:25,320 Speaker 1: and things can become injected, and if you get up 299 00:17:25,400 --> 00:17:29,199 Speaker 1: enough speed you could pass by it as long as 300 00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:32,000 Speaker 1: you don't cross the event horizon. Man, there's so many 301 00:17:32,080 --> 00:17:35,399 Speaker 1: rules I know. And plus it's all theoretical too, or 302 00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:37,800 Speaker 1: not all theoretical, but a lot of it is because 303 00:17:37,880 --> 00:17:40,280 Speaker 1: if you could only see. Yeah, we don't even know 304 00:17:40,359 --> 00:17:45,280 Speaker 1: that black holes exist, what we do? Um, but we 305 00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:50,200 Speaker 1: can detect them in a few different ways. Is that right? Uh? Three? 306 00:17:50,200 --> 00:17:55,520 Speaker 1: Ways mass um mass estimates. So basically you can't necessarily 307 00:17:55,560 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: measure a black hole, but you can study the things 308 00:17:58,520 --> 00:18:01,760 Speaker 1: swirling around it. Get some idea from that about like 309 00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:05,200 Speaker 1: how big it is. Yeah, it's Kepler's third law of 310 00:18:06,240 --> 00:18:11,680 Speaker 1: planetary motion appropriately enough, and that it says that the 311 00:18:11,760 --> 00:18:18,119 Speaker 1: time of orbit squared equals the average orbital radius cube, 312 00:18:18,680 --> 00:18:22,359 Speaker 1: which somehow translates to mass. But basically, if you watch 313 00:18:22,480 --> 00:18:25,520 Speaker 1: something spinning, first of all, you have to say, why 314 00:18:25,600 --> 00:18:29,840 Speaker 1: is that thing orbiting something that we can't see? Yeah, 315 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:33,840 Speaker 1: is why is it wobbling? Right? If it's wobbling and um, 316 00:18:34,840 --> 00:18:41,280 Speaker 1: if if you can, if you trace its orbit and um, 317 00:18:41,880 --> 00:18:46,080 Speaker 1: take that to the second power square it. Uh, if 318 00:18:46,119 --> 00:18:48,560 Speaker 1: that equals the mass of three times or more of 319 00:18:48,560 --> 00:18:51,680 Speaker 1: the Sun, then you probably have a black hole. You've 320 00:18:51,680 --> 00:18:54,280 Speaker 1: probably detected a black hole that's in the vicinity of 321 00:18:54,280 --> 00:18:57,000 Speaker 1: that thing that you're tracking. So basically, this thing is 322 00:18:57,040 --> 00:18:59,199 Speaker 1: acting like it's near a black hole and there's no 323 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:02,760 Speaker 1: other reason, right, we can pinpoint, so it must be 324 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:08,680 Speaker 1: a black hole. Yes, is simple enough gravity lens Uh. 325 00:19:08,960 --> 00:19:13,280 Speaker 1: Einstein predicted that you could be in space. Pretty smart dude, 326 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:17,080 Speaker 1: and he actually confirmed this. Actually did he confirm it. No. 327 00:19:17,320 --> 00:19:21,760 Speaker 1: He basically theory of general relativity and special reality. He 328 00:19:21,880 --> 00:19:24,680 Speaker 1: just made a bunch of predictions that was like, you guys, 329 00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:26,399 Speaker 1: go out and figure it out, and everybody did and 330 00:19:26,480 --> 00:19:29,720 Speaker 1: if he was proven right, so it was confirmed during 331 00:19:29,720 --> 00:19:34,040 Speaker 1: a solar eclipse, star's position was measured before, during, and afterward, 332 00:19:34,480 --> 00:19:40,720 Speaker 1: and the position shifted because light was bent by Sun's gravity. Yeah, 333 00:19:40,760 --> 00:19:42,639 Speaker 1: pretty amazing. It was like here I am here, you 334 00:19:42,680 --> 00:19:48,720 Speaker 1: am here, I am And another um effect that a 335 00:19:48,720 --> 00:19:51,399 Speaker 1: black hole can have as far as lights concerned, as um, 336 00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:55,760 Speaker 1: it can concentrate light by bending it by that gravitational lens. 337 00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:57,959 Speaker 1: So a star can become brighter all of a sudden, 338 00:19:58,640 --> 00:20:02,760 Speaker 1: And when you can't see what's doing that, you must 339 00:20:02,760 --> 00:20:05,560 Speaker 1: assume that a black hole passed in between your line 340 00:20:05,560 --> 00:20:09,240 Speaker 1: of sight and the star, sort of like a eclipse, 341 00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:13,640 Speaker 1: right all right? And then uh, emitted radiation. This one 342 00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:16,760 Speaker 1: makes a lot of sense because it emits um X 343 00:20:16,840 --> 00:20:20,800 Speaker 1: rays because of the heat generated when something falls into 344 00:20:20,800 --> 00:20:23,760 Speaker 1: the star. And you can actually measure and detect these 345 00:20:23,920 --> 00:20:27,720 Speaker 1: X rays, right, So, and that's just X rays camera 346 00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:31,960 Speaker 1: rays too, apparently. Yeah, but this this stuff, it's called 347 00:20:31,960 --> 00:20:34,960 Speaker 1: acretion where if something is swirling around a black hole 348 00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:37,600 Speaker 1: and it goes in or it's sucked into the swirl 349 00:20:37,640 --> 00:20:42,520 Speaker 1: around a black hole towards the event horizon through gravity. Um. 350 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:46,800 Speaker 1: That's called acretion. And what I don't understand. I didn't 351 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:49,760 Speaker 1: think black holes spit anything out like I thought they 352 00:20:49,760 --> 00:20:53,120 Speaker 1: were the cosmic vacuum cleaner too. But it turns out 353 00:20:53,160 --> 00:20:55,280 Speaker 1: they can spit out matter, and when they do, they 354 00:20:55,320 --> 00:20:59,120 Speaker 1: form these things called jets. So if you see a 355 00:20:59,320 --> 00:21:02,600 Speaker 1: solar system um or um a galaxy and there's a 356 00:21:02,600 --> 00:21:07,800 Speaker 1: lot of matter flying out in these concentrated forms called jets, 357 00:21:08,320 --> 00:21:12,080 Speaker 1: there's probably a black holder. All right, Well, I went 358 00:21:12,119 --> 00:21:14,160 Speaker 1: to the Hubble site and picked out a few questions 359 00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:18,199 Speaker 1: about black holes that are I think helped clear up 360 00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:20,720 Speaker 1: a few things at least did for me. Do black 361 00:21:20,720 --> 00:21:27,959 Speaker 1: holes live forever? I'm going to say yes. No. Uh, 362 00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:31,320 Speaker 1: we used to think that actually, so you were thinking 363 00:21:31,320 --> 00:21:34,840 Speaker 1: with your nineteen three brain. Stephen Hawkin came along in 364 00:21:34,880 --> 00:21:39,840 Speaker 1: nineteen sev and uh showed that they actually evaporate over 365 00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:44,000 Speaker 1: time really slowly and just sort of emit their energy 366 00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:49,720 Speaker 1: back into the universe. I'm just kind of sweet, I guess, yeah, yeah, 367 00:21:49,760 --> 00:21:53,240 Speaker 1: But I don't understand how like the core burns out 368 00:21:53,359 --> 00:21:55,760 Speaker 1: or the core breaks up. I don't know. He just 369 00:21:55,800 --> 00:22:00,520 Speaker 1: said they slowly evaporate, And who am I to argue, Um, 370 00:22:00,680 --> 00:22:03,440 Speaker 1: how large are they? The size and event horizon is 371 00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:06,520 Speaker 1: proportional to the mass of the black hole, and so 372 00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:11,280 Speaker 1: they found them, um with event horizons from six miles 373 00:22:11,720 --> 00:22:14,280 Speaker 1: to the size of our entire solar system. So yeah, 374 00:22:14,520 --> 00:22:17,280 Speaker 1: big big differences in size, like you were talking about. Yeah, Um, 375 00:22:17,440 --> 00:22:20,199 Speaker 1: I can't remember the name of the the galaxy, but 376 00:22:20,240 --> 00:22:23,439 Speaker 1: there's a galaxy that's like the size of our solar 377 00:22:23,480 --> 00:22:26,600 Speaker 1: system at the center, but it has a mass of 378 00:22:26,680 --> 00:22:29,080 Speaker 1: like one point two billion times in size of our Sun. 379 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:31,880 Speaker 1: So they're like, okay, there's probably a black hole there. 380 00:22:32,359 --> 00:22:34,879 Speaker 1: This is when my brain starts melting. It's like, you 381 00:22:34,880 --> 00:22:36,960 Speaker 1: can't even can see I can't even conceive this stuff. 382 00:22:37,040 --> 00:22:40,200 Speaker 1: I know. We're like just we're talking about like the 383 00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:45,080 Speaker 1: layman's interpretation of you know, the stuff, Like we're not 384 00:22:45,119 --> 00:22:47,240 Speaker 1: even throwing numbers out there. Yeah. I don't mean, I 385 00:22:47,240 --> 00:22:49,320 Speaker 1: don't feel too bad because the more I researched it, 386 00:22:49,359 --> 00:22:51,240 Speaker 1: the more I saw a lot of really smart people 387 00:22:51,280 --> 00:22:55,119 Speaker 1: saying like this is mind blowing stuff, you know, So 388 00:22:55,119 --> 00:22:58,040 Speaker 1: I'm not that big of a dummy. What types are there? 389 00:22:58,560 --> 00:23:01,200 Speaker 1: I think we already said super massive or stellar maps. 390 00:23:02,240 --> 00:23:05,960 Speaker 1: Can you safely orbit of black hole? You can if you, 391 00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:08,800 Speaker 1: like I said, I was gonna say, now if you 392 00:23:08,920 --> 00:23:13,440 Speaker 1: get in the exact right circular orbit, but it's very 393 00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:16,359 Speaker 1: unlikely that that would happen. But once you the event horizon, 394 00:23:16,440 --> 00:23:20,720 Speaker 1: that's that toast. Uh. And then what is inside a 395 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:23,280 Speaker 1: black hole? Because we cannot glimpse inside of it, we 396 00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:26,640 Speaker 1: don't know for sure, but they think that the singularity 397 00:23:26,680 --> 00:23:29,080 Speaker 1: is like they think everything is piled up in the center, 398 00:23:30,080 --> 00:23:32,000 Speaker 1: like just stacked up, like whatever it's sucking in is 399 00:23:32,040 --> 00:23:36,080 Speaker 1: stacked up at the center. But to understand it fully, um, 400 00:23:36,119 --> 00:23:39,760 Speaker 1: they're having to marry basically two different um parts of science, 401 00:23:39,760 --> 00:23:43,520 Speaker 1: which is quantum mechanics and gravity. And they've even named 402 00:23:43,520 --> 00:23:46,800 Speaker 1: it quantum gravity. And they don't they don't know how 403 00:23:46,800 --> 00:23:49,240 Speaker 1: that stuff works, but they did name it. Well at 404 00:23:49,320 --> 00:23:52,440 Speaker 1: least that's at yeah, and the Hubble site said it's 405 00:23:52,480 --> 00:23:55,880 Speaker 1: it's uh, one of, if not the most important unsolved 406 00:23:55,960 --> 00:23:59,480 Speaker 1: problems in physics. Still, so yeah, because there's like a 407 00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:03,159 Speaker 1: whole in this fabric of space time. And Morgan Freeman 408 00:24:03,200 --> 00:24:05,639 Speaker 1: thinks in the black hole could be the answers to 409 00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:11,600 Speaker 1: everything I wonder. I've also wondered like if if say, 410 00:24:11,640 --> 00:24:15,560 Speaker 1: the Singularity is really just forming a tunnel, does it 411 00:24:15,720 --> 00:24:19,679 Speaker 1: break through? Can you break through space time? Or is 412 00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:23,919 Speaker 1: it really just like a like a well because you know, 413 00:24:24,119 --> 00:24:26,240 Speaker 1: well it doesn't go all the way through the Earth. 414 00:24:27,560 --> 00:24:29,960 Speaker 1: Morgan Freeman talked about it. Well, that's funny. Well I 415 00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:32,399 Speaker 1: mean that, but that's I think what it is, because 416 00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:35,080 Speaker 1: something has to hold the Singularity in place, right, It's 417 00:24:35,119 --> 00:24:37,800 Speaker 1: got to be butted up against something. So I wonder 418 00:24:37,840 --> 00:24:41,280 Speaker 1: if it's just pressed down to a degree that gravity 419 00:24:41,359 --> 00:24:44,560 Speaker 1: can't push it any further, or is it something that's 420 00:24:44,560 --> 00:24:47,120 Speaker 1: just like punched through and we assume that the core 421 00:24:47,240 --> 00:24:49,760 Speaker 1: still there but it's long gone, right it's in China. 422 00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:55,680 Speaker 1: Good question, they'll answer it in I just read um. 423 00:24:55,720 --> 00:24:59,200 Speaker 1: You know, our friend Joan d Azo, he recommended these 424 00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:01,440 Speaker 1: books to his time travel books. I read one of 425 00:25:01,520 --> 00:25:04,919 Speaker 1: him over the weekend. The Man who Folded Himself highly recommended, 426 00:25:05,560 --> 00:25:08,439 Speaker 1: Very trippy. Written in nineteen seventy three. It's like one 427 00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:13,159 Speaker 1: of those you know, and uh, it's nonfiction. It's it's 428 00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:15,679 Speaker 1: about a guy who gets a time belt from his 429 00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:23,280 Speaker 1: uncle's nonfiction. What did I say? It was nonfiction? No fiction? 430 00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:26,760 Speaker 1: Who is this man? Uh No, it's very much fiction 431 00:25:27,240 --> 00:25:29,560 Speaker 1: science fiction. And he gets a time belt from his 432 00:25:29,640 --> 00:25:33,280 Speaker 1: uncle that basically, um, he subscribes or the author ends 433 00:25:33,320 --> 00:25:36,560 Speaker 1: up subscribing to the mini worlds theory because every time 434 00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:38,679 Speaker 1: this guy time travels, he creates a different version of 435 00:25:38,720 --> 00:25:41,800 Speaker 1: himself in a different world, but they meet up, so 436 00:25:41,880 --> 00:25:47,680 Speaker 1: he ends up he ends up having a relationship with himself, really, 437 00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:50,240 Speaker 1: and then he ends up having a relationship with many 438 00:25:50,320 --> 00:25:54,639 Speaker 1: of himself, like has a relationship or makes relations he 439 00:25:55,119 --> 00:25:58,199 Speaker 1: he has sex with himself, and then he has an 440 00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:03,120 Speaker 1: orgy with himself and then that is it is. Dude, 441 00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:04,800 Speaker 1: when you're reading it, you're like, you get to see 442 00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:12,040 Speaker 1: this guy like he's from California's and then he eventually, um, 443 00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:15,480 Speaker 1: there are female versions of himself created in these different realities, 444 00:26:15,560 --> 00:26:18,359 Speaker 1: and he has a relationship and gets his female self 445 00:26:18,359 --> 00:26:21,920 Speaker 1: pregnant and has a little boy who ends up becoming 446 00:26:21,920 --> 00:26:24,879 Speaker 1: who he was, and he delivers the time belt to 447 00:26:25,040 --> 00:26:28,840 Speaker 1: him at the end. I guess it just ruined it. Yeah, 448 00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:31,000 Speaker 1: that's pretty much the book. Yeah, it's well worth reading now, 449 00:26:31,040 --> 00:26:35,159 Speaker 1: I mean it's it'll like it'll melt your brain. Almost 450 00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:38,640 Speaker 1: no fiction these days, anyways, thank you for that. It's good. 451 00:26:38,720 --> 00:26:41,240 Speaker 1: You're like a walking cliffs notes. And it's it's short, 452 00:26:41,440 --> 00:26:43,000 Speaker 1: so like you could read it. I read it over 453 00:26:43,040 --> 00:26:45,199 Speaker 1: the weekend when I was at the cabin, so it 454 00:26:45,280 --> 00:26:50,000 Speaker 1: was nice. And the Hunger Games. Did you read that really? Yeah? 455 00:26:50,119 --> 00:26:52,960 Speaker 1: I read it in a day. How was it? Um? 456 00:26:53,040 --> 00:26:55,960 Speaker 1: You know, it's it's those books like that are it's 457 00:26:56,000 --> 00:26:59,360 Speaker 1: like popcorn movie. You know. It wasn't bad. It really 458 00:26:59,359 --> 00:27:01,760 Speaker 1: moved along and then we saw the movie and the 459 00:27:01,760 --> 00:27:04,840 Speaker 1: movie stunk. Does it have like a like three page chapters? 460 00:27:04,920 --> 00:27:07,880 Speaker 1: Is it like one of those books? Okay? I mean 461 00:27:07,880 --> 00:27:13,000 Speaker 1: it was fine. You know, I don't know anything about it. 462 00:27:13,480 --> 00:27:17,360 Speaker 1: It's the most Dangerous game. Oh that's a good one. 463 00:27:17,720 --> 00:27:21,639 Speaker 1: I think there's an RC plane out it sounds like it. 464 00:27:22,840 --> 00:27:25,600 Speaker 1: There's a couple of them. I think there's an RC 465 00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:33,000 Speaker 1: dog a drone outside office. So if you want to 466 00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:35,480 Speaker 1: learn more about black holes, there's this really cool article 467 00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:38,199 Speaker 1: on the site called how black holes Work. It's a 468 00:27:38,240 --> 00:27:43,119 Speaker 1: pretty good approach. Initial approach too, black holes pretty understandable. 469 00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:45,400 Speaker 1: Do you think you'll like it? Puts theres some neat pictures, 470 00:27:45,840 --> 00:27:47,800 Speaker 1: UM type black holes in the search bar house to 471 00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:50,639 Speaker 1: works dot Com, I said, search bar, chuck it down 472 00:27:50,720 --> 00:27:56,159 Speaker 1: and read the listener mail. This is from Mark in 473 00:27:56,200 --> 00:28:00,440 Speaker 1: New Jersey, fifteen year old just smarter than me. Um. Hey, guys, 474 00:28:00,480 --> 00:28:02,160 Speaker 1: I'm fifteen. I'm a big fan of the show. Find 475 00:28:02,160 --> 00:28:04,439 Speaker 1: it very interesting and funny, and I listened to it 476 00:28:04,480 --> 00:28:07,880 Speaker 1: whenever I have a long car ride. Right, boring, mindless 477 00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:10,800 Speaker 1: task to accomplish. I was just recently listening to the 478 00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:14,639 Speaker 1: Reagan Star Wars program. The Cold War and global thermonuclear 479 00:28:14,680 --> 00:28:18,080 Speaker 1: war are perhaps my favorite topics. How about a nice 480 00:28:18,119 --> 00:28:20,520 Speaker 1: game of chess. Chuck should read that part in a 481 00:28:20,640 --> 00:28:24,119 Speaker 1: robot voice, and you did. I was listening to the 482 00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:27,919 Speaker 1: part about Um shooting off nukes willy nilly in space. 483 00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:30,280 Speaker 1: You were wondering if that had a negative effect, and 484 00:28:30,320 --> 00:28:32,640 Speaker 1: said some really smart guy at email the answer. Then 485 00:28:32,640 --> 00:28:36,240 Speaker 1: I remembered something that's all on Discovery Channel. I don't 486 00:28:36,240 --> 00:28:39,560 Speaker 1: remember all the details, but I believe Michio Kaku said 487 00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:41,960 Speaker 1: nukes don't work in space because of the way they 488 00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:46,120 Speaker 1: transfer energy. Adam to ADAM spaces a vacuum, so there 489 00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:50,200 Speaker 1: was a lack of atoms to transfer energy through Um, 490 00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:52,960 Speaker 1: this is how he remembers it. At least. UM, I 491 00:28:52,960 --> 00:28:54,800 Speaker 1: hope I was the really smart guy who helped to 492 00:28:54,800 --> 00:28:58,520 Speaker 1: answer your question. Technically, Michio Kaku was the one is 493 00:28:58,560 --> 00:29:02,040 Speaker 1: the really smart guy. But Mark with a C from 494 00:29:02,040 --> 00:29:05,480 Speaker 1: New Jersey was smart enough to relay that information to us, 495 00:29:05,640 --> 00:29:08,040 Speaker 1: and we we talked about this. We followed it up 496 00:29:08,120 --> 00:29:13,520 Speaker 1: kind of inadvertently. Um, with the testing nuclear weapons that'll 497 00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:15,960 Speaker 1: fall out, that's true, and it seemed like they were 498 00:29:16,400 --> 00:29:20,080 Speaker 1: like the nukes worked right, I guess worked enough to test. 499 00:29:20,680 --> 00:29:24,520 Speaker 1: I mean they made some crazy fireworks displaying this guy. 500 00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:29,280 Speaker 1: But who am I did disagree with the Mischio Cockum exactly. Um, 501 00:29:29,280 --> 00:29:31,400 Speaker 1: thanks a lot, Mark. We appreciate you being so smart 502 00:29:31,440 --> 00:29:33,440 Speaker 1: and taking the time to write in. If you think 503 00:29:33,480 --> 00:29:36,560 Speaker 1: you're smart, we want to hear from you. Tell us 504 00:29:36,560 --> 00:29:39,720 Speaker 1: about black holes or whatever. You want show off your 505 00:29:39,760 --> 00:29:41,920 Speaker 1: smarts to us. UM. You can tweet to us at 506 00:29:42,040 --> 00:29:44,360 Speaker 1: s Y s K podcast. You can join us on 507 00:29:44,440 --> 00:29:47,280 Speaker 1: Facebook dot com slash Stuff you Should Know, and you 508 00:29:47,320 --> 00:29:57,640 Speaker 1: can email us at Stuff podcast at Discovery dot com. 509 00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:00,280 Speaker 1: For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit 510 00:30:00,280 --> 00:30:08,760 Speaker 1: how staff works dot com. M HM hm