WEBVTT - Navajo Code Talkers & Louis Braille 0:00:00.200 --> 0:00:04.520 Hey, be you ready for today's episode? Uh? Okay, you're 0:00:04.559 --> 0:00:08.600 using Morse code to answer me? Right, but be we're 0:00:08.600 --> 0:00:11.320 talking about Louis Braille, the creator of Braille, and the 0:00:11.320 --> 0:00:14.560 World War Two heroes, the Navajo code talkers. Sure, both 0:00:14.640 --> 0:00:17.360 of them used codes and translated language from one form 0:00:17.400 --> 0:00:24.000 to another, but neither of those codes used tapping. Okay, 0:00:24.040 --> 0:00:28.520 all right, that's too complicated to tap out. I was saying, yes, 0:00:28.600 --> 0:00:30.520 but if I bring up Morse code, it means I 0:00:30.560 --> 0:00:33.879 get to show off my tap dancing skills. Were you 0:00:33.920 --> 0:00:37.159 planning to do the whole episode like that? Yes? Or 0:00:37.200 --> 0:00:44.120 should I say okay? Now you've just collapsed into are 0:00:44.200 --> 0:00:46.960 rolling around on the floor. Yeah, I've switched genres and 0:00:47.000 --> 0:00:51.000 am now doing interpretive dance. There's a lot less cardio involved. 0:00:51.560 --> 0:00:54.160 Huh boy, Eric, please play the theme song before she 0:00:54.200 --> 0:01:03.600 gets her second wins. Know about the grates for this story. 0:01:04.160 --> 0:01:07.560 The game is on, Get some men and Jane buckle up. 0:01:07.720 --> 0:01:13.319 You bring cousin's side to play whose podcast because it's 0:01:13.319 --> 0:01:18.680 standard play books. Who List Live from Tom galand or 0:01:18.800 --> 0:01:22.240 so called so Cow Los Angeles? Welcome to Who Was? 0:01:22.560 --> 0:01:25.120 The history quiz show that gives contestants the chance to 0:01:25.160 --> 0:01:29.600 win Mecca prizes and podcast glory. I'm your announcer and 0:01:29.720 --> 0:01:33.840 co host from Coast to Coast be and here's your host, 0:01:34.040 --> 0:01:37.560 the man who majored in Study Hall. It's Elliott Klin. 0:01:38.120 --> 0:01:41.160 Thank you be and welcome everyone to the Who Was Podcast. 0:01:41.280 --> 0:01:44.800 The show is like Jeopardy, only with surprise guests, silly games, 0:01:44.920 --> 0:01:49.760 and an in house tanning bid. The tenth visit is free. 0:01:50.120 --> 0:01:52.600 Our contestants were sent who Was books about two great 0:01:52.640 --> 0:01:55.080 figures from history. Now they're here to show off their 0:01:55.120 --> 0:02:00.560 knowledge and the hopes of winning fantastic prizes prizes expos. 0:02:00.760 --> 0:02:04.480 Today we're learning about Louis Braille and the Navajo co talkers, 0:02:04.680 --> 0:02:07.720 people who change the world with their modes of communication. 0:02:08.280 --> 0:02:12.160 But before we meet them, let's meet our contestants. First up, 0:02:12.440 --> 0:02:16.280 we've got Page Page. Will you please introduce yourself. Hi, 0:02:16.360 --> 0:02:19.239 my name Page. A fun fact about me is I'm 0:02:19.280 --> 0:02:23.600 actually a really good goalkeeper. You're actually a really good goalkeeper. 0:02:23.840 --> 0:02:26.560 That is amazing. Now, I have been watching UM the 0:02:26.680 --> 0:02:31.880 angel City UH soccer team here in Los Angeles, and 0:02:32.000 --> 0:02:37.040 our goalkeeper is incredible. She's my favorite player on the team. 0:02:37.040 --> 0:02:43.400 What is your favorite thing to do as goalkeeper probably plainly. Yeah. Yeah, 0:02:43.600 --> 0:02:46.120 that's such a big fun thing to do. That's awesome. 0:02:46.400 --> 0:02:49.680 It's such a huge responsibility to keep the goal and 0:02:49.720 --> 0:02:51.360 take care of it and make sure that it's a 0:02:51.360 --> 0:02:53.760 con condition. You gotta take it home after every game. 0:02:53.800 --> 0:02:55.600 You gotta remember to bring it with you with the 0:02:55.600 --> 0:02:58.240 next game. Keeping a goal is a big job. I 0:02:58.280 --> 0:03:00.640 really admire that you're able to pull it off. Page. 0:03:00.680 --> 0:03:03.240 Do you have a personalized set of gloves that you 0:03:03.240 --> 0:03:09.200 wear as goalkeeper yet? I'm actually okay, alright, cool, Well, 0:03:09.320 --> 0:03:11.920 thank you so much for joining us today. And with 0:03:12.000 --> 0:03:16.320 us today we also have Lilianna. Liliana, please introduce yourself 0:03:17.040 --> 0:03:22.080 him Lilianna. And one fun fact about me is once 0:03:22.160 --> 0:03:26.560 I read a for Unsure ninety two page book in 0:03:26.680 --> 0:03:30.040 one day. In one day. That's got to be a 0:03:30.080 --> 0:03:32.400 record at some kind. What was what was the book? 0:03:32.480 --> 0:03:35.640 What was the day? Like? Tell us everything? I've gotta know. Um, Well, 0:03:35.760 --> 0:03:39.040 ID come back from camp because I had a high 0:03:39.200 --> 0:03:45.960 fever and I was reading Keeper Lost Cities and I 0:03:46.080 --> 0:03:50.760 just had nothing to do do, so I just read it. Yeah. Yeah, 0:03:50.840 --> 0:03:53.560 I'm impressed and inspired by how you took what could 0:03:53.560 --> 0:03:56.320 have been a catastrophe and used it to fuel you 0:03:56.680 --> 0:03:59.640 to probably break a world record. I don't know for sure, 0:04:00.040 --> 0:04:04.200 guessing yeah, amazing. Well, thank you both so much for 0:04:04.280 --> 0:04:07.360 being here today. Yes, and thank you to Eric, our musician, 0:04:07.400 --> 0:04:10.120 for providing that lovely Meet the Contestants music and all 0:04:10.120 --> 0:04:12.160 of the music on the show today. So that's who 0:04:12.320 --> 0:04:15.360 is Now Let's find out who was Louis Braille with 0:04:15.440 --> 0:04:20.840 four fast facts. Louis Braille was born in eighteen o 0:04:21.000 --> 0:04:24.559 nine and died in eighteen fifty two. Louis Braille lost 0:04:24.600 --> 0:04:27.240 his eyesight at the age of three after an accident 0:04:27.279 --> 0:04:30.479 in his father's workshop. At just fifteen years old, Louis 0:04:30.560 --> 0:04:33.600 Braile developed a system of reading and writing for people 0:04:33.640 --> 0:04:36.760 who are blind that would eventually be known as Braille. 0:04:37.120 --> 0:04:40.560 Braille is still in use today. Braile is a system 0:04:40.560 --> 0:04:42.880 of reading and writing that uses a series of six 0:04:43.040 --> 0:04:46.200 raised dots in place of written letters. People read the 0:04:46.279 --> 0:04:52.800 text with their fingers. So it's amazing to me that 0:04:52.880 --> 0:04:56.039 Louis Braille invented this whole system of writing when he 0:04:56.120 --> 0:04:58.440 was just a kid, basically, and it made me wonder, 0:04:58.560 --> 0:05:01.359 have either of you ever in invented anything? Lileana, have 0:05:01.360 --> 0:05:03.560 you invented anything you were sick for a while. Did 0:05:03.600 --> 0:05:06.240 you did you invent something while you were invent um? 0:05:06.400 --> 0:05:08.560 I don't think I did. All right, you have to 0:05:08.560 --> 0:05:10.280 go Yeah, we'll have to go back in double check. 0:05:10.360 --> 0:05:12.960 But but Lilian says she doesn't think she did. Cool, 0:05:13.120 --> 0:05:15.960 all right, what about you, page, Oh, I don't think 0:05:15.960 --> 0:05:20.080 I have. Well, there's still time, There's still lots of 0:05:20.120 --> 0:05:22.440 time to invent something. I have to admit. I've never 0:05:22.480 --> 0:05:25.240 invented anything either, except for excuses about why I didn't 0:05:25.240 --> 0:05:27.960 take the garbage job. And I'm also curious, has have 0:05:28.080 --> 0:05:32.000 either of our contestants Have you ever seen brail? Or 0:05:32.120 --> 0:05:34.640 do you know anybody who uses brail to read and write? 0:05:34.760 --> 0:05:40.120 I see it a lot. They haven't have fact presses, 0:05:40.600 --> 0:05:42.840 so I see it a lot. Yet that makes sense. 0:05:42.880 --> 0:05:44.640 You see it on a lot of signs outside of 0:05:45.160 --> 0:05:50.320 in buildings, outside of doors, in schools especially. Yeah, that's true. Yeah, 0:05:50.400 --> 0:05:52.919 So listeners, if you never noticed it before, take a 0:05:52.960 --> 0:05:55.520 look next time. You're maybe at your own school, and 0:05:55.560 --> 0:05:57.200 the sign, if there's a little bumps on the bottom 0:05:57.200 --> 0:05:59.159 of it, that's brail. That's how someone who can't see 0:05:59.160 --> 0:06:01.480 you can read the sign without a moment left to lose. 0:06:01.520 --> 0:06:06.960 Let's go to our first game, which is called Couplet one. 0:06:07.240 --> 0:06:13.320 It's a couplet. It's a couplet. In this game, we 0:06:13.360 --> 0:06:16.280 have a rhyming couplet or two line poem. That's what 0:06:16.279 --> 0:06:18.920 a couple of means with the final word missing. Fill 0:06:18.960 --> 0:06:20.880 in the blank with the correct rhyming word to get 0:06:20.880 --> 0:06:23.599 it right. For example, if we gave you the couplet. 0:06:24.120 --> 0:06:26.560 The announcer for this show is not me. It's the 0:06:26.560 --> 0:06:30.159 most talented person I know. And the answer, of course 0:06:30.560 --> 0:06:33.800 is B because B rhymes with me, and I'm also 0:06:33.839 --> 0:06:36.479 the most talented person Elliott knows, and Jane is the 0:06:36.480 --> 0:06:38.640 most talented person I know. Okay, well, that didn't turn 0:06:38.640 --> 0:06:40.160 out the way I thought it would. Because this is 0:06:40.160 --> 0:06:43.000 our first game, each question is worth one point each 0:06:43.200 --> 0:06:47.040 take it away. Be all right, Page, here is your couplet. 0:06:48.080 --> 0:06:51.680 You might think Louis was from Paris at a glance, 0:06:52.240 --> 0:06:55.480 but he was born in Coupe Gray, a small town 0:06:55.640 --> 0:07:00.560 in the country of Science. That's right, The answer is France. 0:07:00.720 --> 0:07:03.120 Louis was born in this small farming village into a 0:07:03.120 --> 0:07:06.279 family of leather workers. After an accident made him blind, 0:07:06.320 --> 0:07:08.840 he learned to read the alphabet when his father tapped 0:07:08.960 --> 0:07:11.760 nails in the shape of letters, and Louis memorized the 0:07:11.800 --> 0:07:14.520 feel of their shapes. A local priest was impressed with 0:07:14.520 --> 0:07:17.400 louise intellect convinced the wealthiest man in the village to 0:07:17.440 --> 0:07:19.600 help Louis get a scholarship to the school for the 0:07:19.640 --> 0:07:23.080 blind in Paris. Okay, and our next question is for Liliana. 0:07:23.640 --> 0:07:27.320 All right, Liliana, here is your couplets. They may have 0:07:27.480 --> 0:07:32.240 helped kids without vision, but louise new school was originally 0:07:32.320 --> 0:07:38.000 constructed as a That's right, the answer is prison. Louis 0:07:38.000 --> 0:07:41.600 attended the Paris Royal Institute for Blind Youth in eighteen nineteen. 0:07:41.640 --> 0:07:43.720 It was the first special school for the blind in 0:07:43.760 --> 0:07:46.920 the world, but living conditions inside the school were poor. 0:07:47.200 --> 0:07:49.000 Many of the students who lived and went to school 0:07:49.040 --> 0:07:52.280 their contracted infections and illness. They said the stairs were 0:07:52.320 --> 0:07:56.480 worm eating worms had eaten the stairs. Although authorities at 0:07:56.480 --> 0:07:58.640 the school made appeals to the government, the school was 0:07:58.720 --> 0:08:02.360 not given a new building for nearly thirty years. Okay, 0:08:02.480 --> 0:08:06.680 the next couplet is for page page. Here is your couplet. 0:08:07.400 --> 0:08:11.000 Many fellow students thought that Louie's new code was grand, 0:08:11.520 --> 0:08:14.480 but the director of their school said it wasn't allowed. 0:08:14.880 --> 0:08:20.080 It was that's right. The answer is banned. It's hard 0:08:20.080 --> 0:08:21.920 to believe now that when Louis first came up with 0:08:22.000 --> 0:08:24.080 his code, the head of the school forbade it in 0:08:24.120 --> 0:08:26.880 the classroom and locked away books that were written in Braille. 0:08:27.600 --> 0:08:30.360 The students used brail in secret and found ways to 0:08:30.400 --> 0:08:33.959 write it using forks, knitting needles, and nails. One boy wrote, 0:08:34.160 --> 0:08:36.240 we had to learn the alphabet and secrets, and when 0:08:36.240 --> 0:08:39.080 we were caught using it, we were punished. Okay, The 0:08:39.120 --> 0:08:41.679 next couplet is for Liliana. Liliana, don't worry if you 0:08:41.720 --> 0:08:43.760 get it right or wrong. There's no punishment here. We 0:08:43.800 --> 0:08:48.120 are not the Paris School for the blind in that's right. 0:08:48.200 --> 0:08:52.160 No worm eaten stairs here, as far as I know. Yeah, alright, Lilyana, 0:08:52.280 --> 0:08:56.360 here's your couplet. Though Louis Braille may now be gone, 0:08:57.040 --> 0:08:59.959 you can see his tombstone next to other French here 0:09:00.080 --> 0:09:05.439 rows at the law. No, I'm sorry, it's actually a 0:09:05.440 --> 0:09:08.240 placed without a law in there. The answer is the Pantheon. 0:09:08.840 --> 0:09:12.000 The Pantheon is a building where France's most honored people 0:09:12.040 --> 0:09:14.240 are buried. At the time of his death, the French 0:09:14.280 --> 0:09:16.560 government was still clinging to the old system of using 0:09:16.559 --> 0:09:19.240 embossed letters for people who are blind, but two years 0:09:19.320 --> 0:09:22.640 later Louise method replaced the embossed letter method as France's 0:09:22.640 --> 0:09:25.120 official system of writing for the blind, and his remains 0:09:25.120 --> 0:09:28.360 removed from Coupray to the Pantheon in nineteen fifty two, 0:09:28.640 --> 0:09:32.800 joining such luminaries as the philosopher Voltaire, the Three Musketeers, 0:09:32.840 --> 0:09:37.000 author Alexander Duma and fellow who was subject Mary Currie. 0:09:37.280 --> 0:09:43.760 And that's the end of the first games. It's a 0:09:43.800 --> 0:09:47.600 couple of and we've got a couple let of great 0:09:47.640 --> 0:09:50.640 contestants here today. What a good first round. Before we 0:09:50.679 --> 0:09:53.280 go to the break, we'll go over to someone who 0:09:53.360 --> 0:09:56.360 one day being the Who Was? Pantheon producer Jane with 0:09:56.480 --> 0:10:01.079 the first round scores, Thank you Elliot. Current Lee Louiana 0:10:01.160 --> 0:10:05.319 has one point and pages ahead with two. Thank you Jane. 0:10:05.320 --> 0:10:07.360 It's still a very close game. And we'll be back 0:10:07.400 --> 0:10:10.160 with our next round after this short break. Eric, please 0:10:10.200 --> 0:10:12.880 play us out with some worm eaten stairs music. Please, 0:10:16.559 --> 0:10:24.560 at least they're gotting their steps in. Welcome back to 0:10:24.600 --> 0:10:27.640 the Who Was? Podcast. Today we're learning who was Louis 0:10:27.679 --> 0:10:31.360 Braille and who worked the Navajo po talkers. Now back 0:10:31.400 --> 0:10:34.800 to your host, Elliott Kalin, thank you be. Before we 0:10:34.840 --> 0:10:36.480 get back to the game, let's get to know more 0:10:36.520 --> 0:10:42.840 about the Navajo code talkers with four fast facts. The 0:10:42.960 --> 0:10:46.400 Navajo code talkers were a special communications unit of the U. S. 0:10:46.440 --> 0:10:51.480 Marines in World War Two from nine two to the 0:10:51.600 --> 0:10:56.000 Navajo called themselves DNA. In eighteen sixty eight, after decades 0:10:56.040 --> 0:10:58.720 of fighting and hundreds of Navajo lives lost on government 0:10:58.760 --> 0:11:01.679 forced long walks from their homes to live on reservations, 0:11:01.920 --> 0:11:05.040 the Navajo signed a treaty to regain their homeland. The 0:11:05.120 --> 0:11:08.400 code talkers created a system that used the Navajo language 0:11:08.440 --> 0:11:12.880 to send coded radio message across enemy lines. The German 0:11:12.880 --> 0:11:17.760 and Japanese armies were never able to crack their code. 0:11:19.679 --> 0:11:22.160 So you were wondering all this talk about codes and 0:11:22.240 --> 0:11:25.120 special languages. Do you, either of you have like a 0:11:25.200 --> 0:11:27.600 special code or language that you used to talk to 0:11:27.640 --> 0:11:30.480 someone special to you, either a friend or a sibling. 0:11:30.720 --> 0:11:32.320 Do you have a twin that you speak a twin 0:11:32.440 --> 0:11:36.600 language in not really but sometimes that you end up 0:11:36.600 --> 0:11:40.640 speaking in French? You back, oh my, do you speak 0:11:40.640 --> 0:11:47.320 French fluently? Sometimes? Uh? Leleana? What about you? Do you 0:11:47.360 --> 0:11:50.440 have any special languages that you share with anybody. Um no, 0:11:50.960 --> 0:11:55.640 but some kids in my class last year they created 0:11:55.679 --> 0:12:00.400 a language. It was like saying weird thing. It was 0:12:00.480 --> 0:12:05.920 like a bunch of different letters mixed up and the 0:12:06.040 --> 0:12:10.959 teacher never know. Really, all right, what an awesome code. 0:12:10.960 --> 0:12:12.840 If the teacher never found out what they're saying, that 0:12:12.920 --> 0:12:16.439 means their code worked. Yeah, that's a that's a good code. Hey, B, 0:12:16.559 --> 0:12:19.240 I've got a question. Speaking of codes and special languages, 0:12:19.240 --> 0:12:21.240 do you know what your name would be according to 0:12:21.280 --> 0:12:25.679 the Navajo code talkers? Shush? Okay, rude, I can't shush. 0:12:25.760 --> 0:12:29.720 It's my job to talk. No, not shush, shush. That 0:12:29.760 --> 0:12:32.280 would be my name based on the system the code 0:12:32.280 --> 0:12:35.559 talkers came up with because they use common Navajo words 0:12:35.600 --> 0:12:38.160 to stand in for English letters. So if you wanted 0:12:38.160 --> 0:12:41.400 to quickly say my name like the letter B, you'd 0:12:41.440 --> 0:12:44.839 say shush, which is actually the Navajo word for bear, 0:12:46.440 --> 0:12:51.640 be bear gurb sting. Wait, I'm receiving this urgent coded message. 0:12:51.880 --> 0:12:53.760 We got to get to our next game. It's called 0:12:53.840 --> 0:13:01.400 Backpack from the Past from the Best Baby, What a 0:13:01.480 --> 0:13:04.640 groovy game. I have a backpack contained some personal objects 0:13:04.679 --> 0:13:07.200 from the Navajo code talkers B and I are going 0:13:07.240 --> 0:13:10.240 to describe those objects for our contestants and the listeners 0:13:10.240 --> 0:13:12.520 at home. And contestants, you pick the best of the 0:13:12.600 --> 0:13:15.600 multiple choice answers that reveals the significance of the object. 0:13:15.880 --> 0:13:18.400 And since this is our second game, each question is 0:13:18.400 --> 0:13:22.160 worth two points. Go for it. Be alright, Lilyana, this 0:13:22.280 --> 0:13:25.760 first object is for you. Oh wow, I found a 0:13:25.800 --> 0:13:29.920 permission slip. It reads Dean Wilson does not have permission 0:13:30.000 --> 0:13:33.040 to join the Marines, and it's signed by his parents. 0:13:33.559 --> 0:13:36.800 Why is this in the backpack? Is it because a 0:13:36.840 --> 0:13:39.880 code talker Dean Wilson took a slip of paper denying 0:13:39.960 --> 0:13:43.640 permission to join the Marines out of his file? Or B, 0:13:44.080 --> 0:13:46.560 I grabbed the wrong bag and this is actually Dean 0:13:46.600 --> 0:13:50.520 Wilson's trash bag. Hey, that's right. The answer is a 0:13:50.960 --> 0:13:53.200 Dean Wilson was too young to join the Marines on 0:13:53.240 --> 0:13:55.240 his own. He saw a slip of paper in his 0:13:55.280 --> 0:13:58.240 file at the recruiter's office that didn't grant him permission, 0:13:58.320 --> 0:13:59.840 and he took it out so that he could join. 0:14:00.280 --> 0:14:02.760 More than two hundred Navajo men showed up when the U. S. 0:14:02.800 --> 0:14:06.080 Marines called for volunteers who spoke Navajo and English. They 0:14:06.120 --> 0:14:08.040 were ready to help the war effort, even after more 0:14:08.080 --> 0:14:10.480 than a hundred and fifty years of mistreatment of Native 0:14:10.520 --> 0:14:13.360 Americans by the US government. And the next object is 0:14:13.400 --> 0:14:17.439 for you, page page. It looks like a water canister 0:14:17.880 --> 0:14:19.720 and it's full of water, So I guess it was 0:14:19.760 --> 0:14:22.000 a water canister. What does this have to do with 0:14:22.040 --> 0:14:25.160 the Navajo code talkers? Is it a the water canister 0:14:25.280 --> 0:14:28.360 from their desert training or b because part of their 0:14:28.360 --> 0:14:30.880 method was to send notes in invisible ink that could 0:14:30.880 --> 0:14:34.800 only be seen after you splashed water on it. That's right. 0:14:34.880 --> 0:14:38.320 The answer is a. Once the recruits got to marine camp, 0:14:38.360 --> 0:14:41.240 there was a lot of training. Many things were new 0:14:41.280 --> 0:14:44.720 to the soldiers, but other things my card work, marksmanship, 0:14:44.800 --> 0:14:48.120 and desert survival were not. The recruits were instructed to 0:14:48.120 --> 0:14:51.480 survive in the desert with just one water canister. The 0:14:51.600 --> 0:14:54.600 Navajo recruits new to get water from a cactus and 0:14:54.720 --> 0:14:58.760 came back with a full water canister when they graduated 0:14:58.880 --> 0:15:01.560 the Navajo plat tune, we're called one of the most 0:15:01.600 --> 0:15:06.160 outstanding that had graduated from basic training. Okay, Lilyana, this 0:15:06.280 --> 0:15:10.480 next object is for you. Oh wow, it's a grid 0:15:11.000 --> 0:15:13.600 in one column. It has letters and the next column 0:15:13.640 --> 0:15:16.520 has Navajo words, and the last column has words in 0:15:16.600 --> 0:15:21.360 English such as owl, weasel, and ice. Is this a 0:15:21.360 --> 0:15:25.400 a new kind of Sudoku puzzle called rudoku? Or the 0:15:25.520 --> 0:15:29.400 cipher for the Navajo letter code B? That's correct. The 0:15:29.400 --> 0:15:32.840 answer is be. A cipher is a guide for understanding codes. 0:15:33.160 --> 0:15:35.680 The twenty nine Navajo Marines were tasked with creating a 0:15:35.720 --> 0:15:38.120 cipher for a code that troops could use during battles. 0:15:38.360 --> 0:15:41.120 The code talkers created this code that used Navajo words 0:15:41.200 --> 0:15:43.920 to represent English letters, which spelled out words. As the 0:15:43.960 --> 0:15:47.360 code developed, other shorthand phrases were added. For example, the 0:15:47.440 --> 0:15:50.360 code talkers used the Navajo word for tortoise to stand 0:15:50.440 --> 0:15:54.160 in for the English word tank. Okay, page, This next 0:15:54.160 --> 0:15:58.760 one is for you, okay. Wow. It's a pouch and 0:15:58.840 --> 0:16:03.000 inside it there's a rock, some pollen, and an arrowhead. 0:16:03.120 --> 0:16:06.400 Look at this represent a party favor bag from a 0:16:06.440 --> 0:16:11.040 real cool party. Geraldine went to or be medicine bags 0:16:11.040 --> 0:16:14.880 the Navajo soldiers carried with them. The answer is b. 0:16:15.720 --> 0:16:19.480 Many Navajo soldiers had medicine bags that contain not something 0:16:19.520 --> 0:16:22.840 like thailand all or vitamins, but sacred objects given to 0:16:22.880 --> 0:16:25.600 them by their families. They wore them around their neck 0:16:25.640 --> 0:16:28.280 to protect them and keep them connected to their home life. 0:16:28.640 --> 0:16:31.760 The Navajo community also helps the code talkers after the 0:16:31.800 --> 0:16:36.760 war with special spiritual Navajo ceremonies called the Enemy Way, 0:16:36.760 --> 0:16:40.280 where people gathered to sing, chant and pray to help 0:16:40.360 --> 0:16:43.280 drive away the spirits of the battlefield. And that's the 0:16:43.440 --> 0:16:52.239 end of that game. From the Best, Baby, Great round, everybody. 0:16:52.360 --> 0:16:55.920 You to both really cracked the code of those questions. Now, 0:16:56.080 --> 0:16:59.800 let's transmit a message over to producer Jane. Producer Jane, 0:17:00.040 --> 0:17:03.240 here's the message. It reads, what are the scores? I 0:17:03.320 --> 0:17:05.080 got your message on it, and I'm going to tell 0:17:05.080 --> 0:17:08.280 you the scores are Movie on the House five and 0:17:08.359 --> 0:17:13.080 Paige ahead by one with six. Well, truly a mail 0:17:13.160 --> 0:17:16.960 biter of a game. It is, oh, a mail biter. Oh, Elliott, 0:17:16.960 --> 0:17:19.560 there you go, always talking in code. Well that's not 0:17:19.600 --> 0:17:22.040 a code, it's a metaphor. You know what a metaphor is, right, 0:17:22.080 --> 0:17:25.920 b Yeah, it's like a portmanteau of assimile and an adverb. 0:17:26.680 --> 0:17:29.280 Oh boy, we'll have to unpack that later because right 0:17:29.320 --> 0:17:32.359 now we have a very special guest here. Everyone, please 0:17:32.400 --> 0:17:37.800 welcome Navajo code talker William Dean Wilson. Hello, thanks to 0:17:37.840 --> 0:17:42.520 the who is that? Forgetting me here? Who was that? You? 0:17:42.640 --> 0:17:52.480 Wander in the best? That app is a lot lighter 0:17:52.480 --> 0:17:55.560 than the radio as I carried in service, that's for sure, 0:17:56.080 --> 0:17:58.520 Be Elliott. I know we've got a lot to cover, 0:17:58.680 --> 0:18:03.240 but it must ask how did you get aloha? That 0:18:03.359 --> 0:18:07.399 translates in English to elephant in the studio? Hey, Geraldine, 0:18:07.480 --> 0:18:11.439 why don't you tell him yourself? Yeah? Okay? And then 0:18:11.480 --> 0:18:18.960 what happened? That's so right? You were wearing that, Elliott? 0:18:19.440 --> 0:18:23.040 What are they saying? I have no idea. I find 0:18:23.040 --> 0:18:24.880 the best thing to do when Be and Geraldine start 0:18:24.920 --> 0:18:28.160 talking is just figure out the vibe and not alat Yeah. 0:18:29.480 --> 0:18:33.840 And then I was like, you're hired. We have fun 0:18:33.880 --> 0:18:37.280 on this show. So, Mr Wilson, you joined the Marines 0:18:37.320 --> 0:18:40.800 when you were just sixteen years old? Yes, even though 0:18:40.840 --> 0:18:44.640 I told him I was eighteen. Oh, I get it. 0:18:44.760 --> 0:18:49.080 Were you speaking in a code and eighteen really meant sixteen? Yes? 0:18:49.560 --> 0:18:52.840 I've by code? You mean fibbing. I know it's not 0:18:52.920 --> 0:18:55.880 right till lie. When I was young and eager for adventure, 0:18:56.440 --> 0:18:58.400 it was kind of like a boy with a new toy. 0:18:59.160 --> 0:19:02.760 Everything was new. Mr Wilson, could you tell us any 0:19:02.800 --> 0:19:04.960 of the messages you sent back when you were serving 0:19:05.000 --> 0:19:09.720 with the Marines? That's confidential information. But I can tell 0:19:09.760 --> 0:19:12.159 you that we ended each dialogue with the phrase that 0:19:12.240 --> 0:19:16.040 translates to give back the ram. It was our way 0:19:16.040 --> 0:19:20.640 of acknowledging that the conversation was over. Well, I actually 0:19:20.680 --> 0:19:23.560 have some code of my own that I wonder if 0:19:23.680 --> 0:19:26.439 you'd be able to decipher. I've been working on it 0:19:26.480 --> 0:19:29.800 for a while, so it's pretty tough to crack. The 0:19:29.920 --> 0:19:33.520 twenty eight other code talkers and I painstakingly created code 0:19:33.600 --> 0:19:37.000 under intense pressure over a period of many months. I 0:19:37.119 --> 0:19:40.240 know how difficult creating code can be. I'd love to 0:19:40.280 --> 0:19:43.960 hear what you came up with. Okay, here goes code 0:19:44.040 --> 0:19:48.000 number one. Be how many codes did you create? That's 0:19:48.080 --> 0:19:53.040 confidential information? Or should I say at days on fidential 0:19:53.119 --> 0:19:57.920 k information? A. You're speaking pig Latin there, but in 0:19:58.000 --> 0:20:02.480 the beginning of the word at the end, correct code 0:20:02.520 --> 0:20:07.159 craft Okay, code number two. I'm so thrilled you figured 0:20:07.160 --> 0:20:11.720 it out so quickly. Thrilled, but you're actually mad. Is 0:20:11.760 --> 0:20:16.880 it opposite day or something? Okay too? For two? Opposite 0:20:16.960 --> 0:20:20.360 day actually a code? Hell yeah, just pick your own 0:20:20.400 --> 0:20:25.760 the Liman, not Alonge. And now for code three, Simon says, 0:20:26.000 --> 0:20:29.560 put your hand on your nose. Simon says, jump up 0:20:29.560 --> 0:20:36.400 and down. Simon says, sing carmina burana, oh for tuna. 0:20:37.240 --> 0:20:43.560 Wait wait, wait, this code is. Simon says, I was wrong. No, 0:20:43.720 --> 0:20:46.639 you're totally right. It is. Simon says, but Simon didn't 0:20:46.680 --> 0:20:51.119 say you could say. Simon says, then to decipher some 0:20:51.200 --> 0:20:54.720 pretty strange messages in my day, But be the message 0:20:54.720 --> 0:20:58.680 is coming from You've got to be the strangest. You're welcome, 0:20:59.160 --> 0:21:01.560 I think she need. Thank you for stopping by and 0:21:01.600 --> 0:21:06.240 seeing us today, Mr William Dean Wilson, my pleasure, Thanks 0:21:06.240 --> 0:21:09.040 to you all, and thanks again. Who was app give 0:21:09.080 --> 0:21:14.960 back the ram? Who? It's time we take a break, 0:21:15.200 --> 0:21:17.440 unless you've got another code to show us. Be No, 0:21:18.320 --> 0:21:22.480 I really don't. Okay, that's just sarcasm, otherwise known as 0:21:22.560 --> 0:21:25.320 code forty seven, now code forty eight because where you 0:21:25.440 --> 0:21:28.080 burped everything? Oh boy, Eric, play us some give back 0:21:28.119 --> 0:21:37.760 the ram music? Please? It was a loner, Sally, Who 0:21:37.840 --> 0:21:42.840 was there? Marie? You may remember me from winning multiple 0:21:42.960 --> 0:21:46.440 Nobel prizes, or perhaps from my episode of the Who 0:21:46.560 --> 0:21:50.200 Was Podcast where I played myself I wanted to take 0:21:50.200 --> 0:21:53.080 a moment to read one of my favorite reviews about 0:21:53.080 --> 0:21:57.239 the Who Was Podcast. This is from Shaken Bay and 0:21:57.280 --> 0:22:01.720 it reads loved the Me and my little sister love 0:22:01.800 --> 0:22:06.879 this show more. Please. Our faith is Arietman. If you 0:22:06.880 --> 0:22:09.240 want to hear your review read on the app, make 0:22:09.280 --> 0:22:13.240 sure to subscribe, like and review to the US podcast 0:22:13.359 --> 0:22:15.920 in the I Heard Radio up or wherever you give 0:22:15.960 --> 0:22:24.440 your podcasts revoir or should Let's Day abio. Welcome back 0:22:24.440 --> 0:22:27.040 to the Who Was Podcast. Today we're learning all about 0:22:27.119 --> 0:22:30.879 awesome forms of communication with who was Louis Braille and 0:22:30.920 --> 0:22:33.880 who were the Never Who Coo Talkers? And now back 0:22:33.920 --> 0:22:37.720 to your host, Elliott Halin. Thanks Be. We've got one 0:22:37.800 --> 0:22:40.800 last game to get to and it's this one converge 0:22:40.960 --> 0:22:53.440 of greatness. In this multiple choice game, Be will read 0:22:53.520 --> 0:22:57.119 questions where our two historical figures overlap or converge. And 0:22:57.160 --> 0:22:59.560 because this is our third game, each question is worth 0:22:59.640 --> 0:23:03.600 three huge points. Picked the best option as your answer page. 0:23:03.920 --> 0:23:06.439 The first question is for you, B. You know what 0:23:06.520 --> 0:23:09.800 to do. Both Louis and the Code Talkers left home 0:23:09.880 --> 0:23:13.919 for a very specific education. As we mentioned, conditions at 0:23:13.960 --> 0:23:17.800 Louis school were very bad. Louis and many other students 0:23:17.880 --> 0:23:23.040 even contracted this condition from living there a cold feet, 0:23:23.119 --> 0:23:26.760 which is why Louie never married. B Bad taste in 0:23:26.840 --> 0:23:32.320 interior decorating or C tuberculosis. See you got it. The 0:23:32.320 --> 0:23:34.280 answer is C. For a minute, I thought you said B, 0:23:34.400 --> 0:23:36.400 and I was like, I think his taste interior decorating 0:23:36.480 --> 0:23:39.200 was that bad? But the answer is C. Tuberculosis or 0:23:39.280 --> 0:23:41.800 t B is a sickness that affects your breathing and 0:23:41.800 --> 0:23:44.360 to be spread very quickly when people live in close quarters. 0:23:44.560 --> 0:23:47.880 TV was the leading cause of death in industrialized countries 0:23:48.000 --> 0:23:50.879 during the nineteenth and early twenty centuries. It affected Louis 0:23:51.119 --> 0:23:53.520 and many of his fellow students. In fact, Louis died 0:23:53.760 --> 0:23:57.240 at the young age of forty three from complications from TB. 0:23:57.640 --> 0:24:01.920 Okay next question. This next question is for Liliana. Liliana, 0:24:02.200 --> 0:24:06.320 both Braile and Navajo were at one point used in secret. 0:24:06.960 --> 0:24:09.600 Brail was banned by the head of Louis school. But 0:24:09.760 --> 0:24:13.760 why would Navajo speakers keep their language secret? Was it 0:24:14.280 --> 0:24:18.040 a the Navajo co talkers wanted to practice keeping secrets. 0:24:18.560 --> 0:24:22.160 B schools that many American Indians were sent to would 0:24:22.160 --> 0:24:26.720 only speak and teach in English or see. Contrary to 0:24:26.760 --> 0:24:30.639 the popular rhyme, secret secrets are tons of fun and 0:24:30.720 --> 0:24:35.280 secret secrets hurt no one B. That's right. The answer 0:24:35.480 --> 0:24:38.320 is B. For most of American history, the US government 0:24:38.359 --> 0:24:41.160