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Speaker 1: Hey, be you ready for today's episode? Uh? Okay, you're

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Speaker 1: using Morse code to answer me? Right, but be we're

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Speaker 1: talking about Louis Braille, the creator of Braille, and the

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Speaker 1: World War Two heroes, the Navajo code talkers. Sure, both

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Speaker 1: of them used codes and translated language from one form

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Speaker 1: to another, but neither of those codes used tapping. Okay,

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Speaker 1: all right, that's too complicated to tap out. I was saying, yes,

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Speaker 1: but if I bring up Morse code, it means I

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Speaker 1: get to show off my tap dancing skills. Were you

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Speaker 1: planning to do the whole episode like that? Yes? Or

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Speaker 1: should I say okay? Now you've just collapsed into are

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Speaker 1: rolling around on the floor. Yeah, I've switched genres and

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Speaker 1: am now doing interpretive dance. There's a lot less cardio involved.

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Speaker 1: Huh boy, Eric, please play the theme song before she

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Speaker 1: gets her second wins. Know about the grates for this story.

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Speaker 1: The game is on, Get some men and Jane buckle up.

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Speaker 1: You bring cousin's side to play whose podcast because it's

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Speaker 1: standard play books. Who List Live from Tom galand or

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Speaker 1: so called so Cow Los Angeles? Welcome to Who Was?

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Speaker 1: The history quiz show that gives contestants the chance to

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Speaker 1: win Mecca prizes and podcast glory. I'm your announcer and

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Speaker 1: co host from Coast to Coast be and here's your host,

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Speaker 1: the man who majored in Study Hall. It's Elliott Klin.

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Speaker 1: Thank you be and welcome everyone to the Who Was Podcast.

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Speaker 1: The show is like Jeopardy, only with surprise guests, silly games,

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Speaker 1: and an in house tanning bid. The tenth visit is free.

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Speaker 1: Our contestants were sent who Was books about two great

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Speaker 1: figures from history. Now they're here to show off their

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Speaker 1: knowledge and the hopes of winning fantastic prizes prizes expos.

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Speaker 1: Today we're learning about Louis Braille and the Navajo co talkers,

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Speaker 1: people who change the world with their modes of communication.

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Speaker 1: But before we meet them, let's meet our contestants. First up,

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Speaker 1: we've got Page Page. Will you please introduce yourself. Hi,

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Speaker 1: my name Page. A fun fact about me is I'm

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Speaker 1: actually a really good goalkeeper. You're actually a really good goalkeeper.

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Speaker 1: That is amazing. Now, I have been watching UM the

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Speaker 1: angel City UH soccer team here in Los Angeles, and

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Speaker 1: our goalkeeper is incredible. She's my favorite player on the team.

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Speaker 1: What is your favorite thing to do as goalkeeper probably plainly. Yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's such a big fun thing to do. That's awesome.

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Speaker 1: It's such a huge responsibility to keep the goal and

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Speaker 1: take care of it and make sure that it's a

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Speaker 1: con condition. You gotta take it home after every game.

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Speaker 1: You gotta remember to bring it with you with the

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Speaker 1: next game. Keeping a goal is a big job. I

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Speaker 1: really admire that you're able to pull it off. Page.

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Speaker 1: Do you have a personalized set of gloves that you

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Speaker 1: wear as goalkeeper yet? I'm actually okay, alright, cool, Well,

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Speaker 1: thank you so much for joining us today. And with

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Speaker 1: us today we also have Lilianna. Liliana, please introduce yourself

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Speaker 1: him Lilianna. And one fun fact about me is once

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Speaker 1: I read a for Unsure ninety two page book in

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Speaker 1: one day. In one day. That's got to be a

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Speaker 1: record at some kind. What was what was the book?

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Speaker 1: What was the day? Like? Tell us everything? I've gotta know. Um, Well,

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Speaker 1: ID come back from camp because I had a high

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Speaker 1: fever and I was reading Keeper Lost Cities and I

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Speaker 1: just had nothing to do do, so I just read it. Yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I'm impressed and inspired by how you took what could

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Speaker 1: have been a catastrophe and used it to fuel you

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Speaker 1: to probably break a world record. I don't know for sure,

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Speaker 1: guessing yeah, amazing. Well, thank you both so much for

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Speaker 1: being here today. Yes, and thank you to Eric, our musician,

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Speaker 1: for providing that lovely Meet the Contestants music and all

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Speaker 1: of the music on the show today. So that's who

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Speaker 1: is Now Let's find out who was Louis Braille with

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Speaker 1: four fast facts. Louis Braille was born in eighteen o

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Speaker 1: nine and died in eighteen fifty two. Louis Braille lost

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Speaker 1: his eyesight at the age of three after an accident

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Speaker 1: in his father's workshop. At just fifteen years old, Louis

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Speaker 1: Braile developed a system of reading and writing for people

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Speaker 1: who are blind that would eventually be known as Braille.

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Speaker 1: Braille is still in use today. Braile is a system

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Speaker 1: of reading and writing that uses a series of six

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Speaker 1: raised dots in place of written letters. People read the

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Speaker 1: text with their fingers. So it's amazing to me that

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Speaker 1: Louis Braille invented this whole system of writing when he

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Speaker 1: was just a kid, basically, and it made me wonder,

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Speaker 1: have either of you ever in invented anything? Lileana, have

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Speaker 1: you invented anything you were sick for a while. Did

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Speaker 1: you did you invent something while you were invent um?

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Speaker 1: I don't think I did. All right, you have to

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Speaker 1: go Yeah, we'll have to go back in double check.

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Speaker 1: But but Lilian says she doesn't think she did. Cool,

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Speaker 1: all right, what about you, page, Oh, I don't think

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Speaker 1: I have. Well, there's still time, There's still lots of

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Speaker 1: time to invent something. I have to admit. I've never

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Speaker 1: invented anything either, except for excuses about why I didn't

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Speaker 1: take the garbage job. And I'm also curious, has have

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Speaker 1: either of our contestants Have you ever seen brail? Or

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Speaker 1: do you know anybody who uses brail to read and write?

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Speaker 1: I see it a lot. They haven't have fact presses,

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Speaker 1: so I see it a lot. Yet that makes sense.

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Speaker 1: You see it on a lot of signs outside of

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Speaker 1: in buildings, outside of doors, in schools especially. Yeah, that's true. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So listeners, if you never noticed it before, take a

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Speaker 1: look next time. You're maybe at your own school, and

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Speaker 1: the sign, if there's a little bumps on the bottom

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Speaker 1: of it, that's brail. That's how someone who can't see

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Speaker 1: you can read the sign without a moment left to lose.

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Speaker 1: Let's go to our first game, which is called Couplet one.

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Speaker 1: It's a couplet. It's a couplet. In this game, we

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Speaker 1: have a rhyming couplet or two line poem. That's what

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Speaker 1: a couple of means with the final word missing. Fill

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Speaker 1: in the blank with the correct rhyming word to get

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Speaker 1: it right. For example, if we gave you the couplet.

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Speaker 1: The announcer for this show is not me. It's the

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Speaker 1: most talented person I know. And the answer, of course

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Speaker 1: is B because B rhymes with me, and I'm also

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Speaker 1: the most talented person Elliott knows, and Jane is the

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Speaker 1: most talented person I know. Okay, well, that didn't turn

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Speaker 1: out the way I thought it would. Because this is

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Speaker 1: our first game, each question is worth one point each

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Speaker 1: take it away. Be all right, Page, here is your couplet.

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Speaker 1: You might think Louis was from Paris at a glance,

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Speaker 1: but he was born in Coupe Gray, a small town

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Speaker 1: in the country of Science. That's right, The answer is France.

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Speaker 1: Louis was born in this small farming village into a

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Speaker 1: family of leather workers. After an accident made him blind,

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Speaker 1: he learned to read the alphabet when his father tapped

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Speaker 1: nails in the shape of letters, and Louis memorized the

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Speaker 1: feel of their shapes. A local priest was impressed with

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Speaker 1: louise intellect convinced the wealthiest man in the village to

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Speaker 1: help Louis get a scholarship to the school for the

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Speaker 1: blind in Paris. Okay, and our next question is for Liliana.

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Speaker 1: All right, Liliana, here is your couplets. They may have

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Speaker 1: helped kids without vision, but louise new school was originally

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Speaker 1: constructed as a That's right, the answer is prison. Louis

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Speaker 1: attended the Paris Royal Institute for Blind Youth in eighteen nineteen.

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Speaker 1: It was the first special school for the blind in

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Speaker 1: the world, but living conditions inside the school were poor.

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Speaker 1: Many of the students who lived and went to school

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Speaker 1: their contracted infections and illness. They said the stairs were

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Speaker 1: worm eating worms had eaten the stairs. Although authorities at

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Speaker 1: the school made appeals to the government, the school was

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Speaker 1: not given a new building for nearly thirty years. Okay,

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Speaker 1: the next couplet is for page page. Here is your couplet.

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Speaker 1: Many fellow students thought that Louie's new code was grand,

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Speaker 1: but the director of their school said it wasn't allowed.

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Speaker 1: It was that's right. The answer is banned. It's hard

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Speaker 1: to believe now that when Louis first came up with

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Speaker 1: his code, the head of the school forbade it in

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Speaker 1: the classroom and locked away books that were written in Braille.

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Speaker 1: The students used brail in secret and found ways to

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Speaker 1: write it using forks, knitting needles, and nails. One boy wrote,

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Speaker 1: we had to learn the alphabet and secrets, and when

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Speaker 1: we were caught using it, we were punished. Okay, The

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Speaker 1: next couplet is for Liliana. Liliana, don't worry if you

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Speaker 1: get it right or wrong. There's no punishment here. We

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Speaker 1: are not the Paris School for the blind in that's right.

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Speaker 1: No worm eaten stairs here, as far as I know. Yeah, alright, Lilyana,

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Speaker 1: here's your couplet. Though Louis Braille may now be gone,

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Speaker 1: you can see his tombstone next to other French here

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Speaker 1: rows at the law. No, I'm sorry, it's actually a

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Speaker 1: placed without a law in there. The answer is the Pantheon.

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Speaker 1: The Pantheon is a building where France's most honored people

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Speaker 1: are buried. At the time of his death, the French

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Speaker 1: government was still clinging to the old system of using

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Speaker 1: embossed letters for people who are blind, but two years

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Speaker 1: later Louise method replaced the embossed letter method as France's

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Speaker 1: official system of writing for the blind, and his remains

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Speaker 1: removed from Coupray to the Pantheon in nineteen fifty two,

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Speaker 1: joining such luminaries as the philosopher Voltaire, the Three Musketeers,

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Speaker 1: author Alexander Duma and fellow who was subject Mary Currie.

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Speaker 1: And that's the end of the first games. It's a

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Speaker 1: couple of and we've got a couple let of great

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Speaker 1: contestants here today. What a good first round. Before we

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Speaker 1: go to the break, we'll go over to someone who

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Speaker 1: one day being the Who Was? Pantheon producer Jane with

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Speaker 1: the first round scores, Thank you Elliot. Current Lee Louiana

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Speaker 1: has one point and pages ahead with two. Thank you Jane.

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Speaker 1: It's still a very close game. And we'll be back

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Speaker 1: with our next round after this short break. Eric, please

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Speaker 1: play us out with some worm eaten stairs music. Please,

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Speaker 1: at least they're gotting their steps in. Welcome back to

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Speaker 1: the Who Was? Podcast. Today we're learning who was Louis

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Speaker 1: Braille and who worked the Navajo po talkers. Now back

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Speaker 1: to your host, Elliott Kalin, thank you be. Before we

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Speaker 1: get back to the game, let's get to know more

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Speaker 1: about the Navajo code talkers with four fast facts. The

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Speaker 1: Navajo code talkers were a special communications unit of the U. S.

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Speaker 1: Marines in World War Two from nine two to the

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Speaker 1: Navajo called themselves DNA. In eighteen sixty eight, after decades

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Speaker 1: of fighting and hundreds of Navajo lives lost on government

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Speaker 1: forced long walks from their homes to live on reservations,

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Speaker 1: the Navajo signed a treaty to regain their homeland. The

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Speaker 1: code talkers created a system that used the Navajo language

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Speaker 1: to send coded radio message across enemy lines. The German

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Speaker 1: and Japanese armies were never able to crack their code.

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Speaker 1: So you were wondering all this talk about codes and

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Speaker 1: special languages. Do you, either of you have like a

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Speaker 1: special code or language that you used to talk to

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Speaker 1: someone special to you, either a friend or a sibling.

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Speaker 1: Do you have a twin that you speak a twin

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Speaker 1: language in not really but sometimes that you end up

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Speaker 1: speaking in French? You back, oh my, do you speak

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Speaker 1: French fluently? Sometimes? Uh? Leleana? What about you? Do you

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Speaker 1: have any special languages that you share with anybody. Um no,

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Speaker 1: but some kids in my class last year they created

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Speaker 1: a language. It was like saying weird thing. It was

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Speaker 1: like a bunch of different letters mixed up and the

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Speaker 1: teacher never know. Really, all right, what an awesome code.

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Speaker 1: If the teacher never found out what they're saying, that

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Speaker 1: means their code worked. Yeah, that's a that's a good code. Hey, B,

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Speaker 1: I've got a question. Speaking of codes and special languages,

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Speaker 1: do you know what your name would be according to

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Speaker 1: the Navajo code talkers? Shush? Okay, rude, I can't shush.

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Speaker 1: It's my job to talk. No, not shush, shush. That

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Speaker 1: would be my name based on the system the code

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Speaker 1: talkers came up with because they use common Navajo words

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Speaker 1: to stand in for English letters. So if you wanted

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Speaker 1: to quickly say my name like the letter B, you'd

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Speaker 1: say shush, which is actually the Navajo word for bear,

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Speaker 1: be bear gurb sting. Wait, I'm receiving this urgent coded message.

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Speaker 1: We got to get to our next game. It's called

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Speaker 1: Backpack from the Past from the Best Baby, What a

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Speaker 1: groovy game. I have a backpack contained some personal objects

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Speaker 1: from the Navajo code talkers B and I are going

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Speaker 1: to describe those objects for our contestants and the listeners

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Speaker 1: at home. And contestants, you pick the best of the

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Speaker 1: multiple choice answers that reveals the significance of the object.

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Speaker 1: And since this is our second game, each question is

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Speaker 1: worth two points. Go for it. Be alright, Lilyana, this

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Speaker 1: first object is for you. Oh wow, I found a

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Speaker 1: permission slip. It reads Dean Wilson does not have permission

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Speaker 1: to join the Marines, and it's signed by his parents.

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Speaker 1: Why is this in the backpack? Is it because a

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Speaker 1: code talker Dean Wilson took a slip of paper denying

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Speaker 1: permission to join the Marines out of his file? Or B,

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Speaker 1: I grabbed the wrong bag and this is actually Dean

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Speaker 1: Wilson's trash bag. Hey, that's right. The answer is a

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Speaker 1: Dean Wilson was too young to join the Marines on

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Speaker 1: his own. He saw a slip of paper in his

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Speaker 1: file at the recruiter's office that didn't grant him permission,

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Speaker 1: and he took it out so that he could join.

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Speaker 1: More than two hundred Navajo men showed up when the U. S.

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Speaker 1: Marines called for volunteers who spoke Navajo and English. They

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Speaker 1: were ready to help the war effort, even after more

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Speaker 1: than a hundred and fifty years of mistreatment of Native

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Speaker 1: Americans by the US government. And the next object is

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Speaker 1: for you, page page. It looks like a water canister

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Speaker 1: and it's full of water, So I guess it was

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Speaker 1: a water canister. What does this have to do with

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Speaker 1: the Navajo code talkers? Is it a the water canister

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Speaker 1: from their desert training or b because part of their

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Speaker 1: method was to send notes in invisible ink that could

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Speaker 1: only be seen after you splashed water on it. That's right.

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Speaker 1: The answer is a. Once the recruits got to marine camp,

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Speaker 1: there was a lot of training. Many things were new

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Speaker 1: to the soldiers, but other things my card work, marksmanship,

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Speaker 1: and desert survival were not. The recruits were instructed to

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Speaker 1: survive in the desert with just one water canister. The

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Speaker 1: Navajo recruits new to get water from a cactus and

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Speaker 1: came back with a full water canister when they graduated

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Speaker 1: the Navajo plat tune, we're called one of the most

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Speaker 1: outstanding that had graduated from basic training. Okay, Lilyana, this

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Speaker 1: next object is for you. Oh wow, it's a grid

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Speaker 1: in one column. It has letters and the next column

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Speaker 1: has Navajo words, and the last column has words in

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Speaker 1: English such as owl, weasel, and ice. Is this a

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Speaker 1: a new kind of Sudoku puzzle called rudoku? Or the

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Speaker 1: cipher for the Navajo letter code B? That's correct. The

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Speaker 1: answer is be. A cipher is a guide for understanding codes.

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Speaker 1: The twenty nine Navajo Marines were tasked with creating a

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Speaker 1: cipher for a code that troops could use during battles.

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Speaker 1: The code talkers created this code that used Navajo words

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Speaker 1: to represent English letters, which spelled out words. As the

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Speaker 1: code developed, other shorthand phrases were added. For example, the

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Speaker 1: code talkers used the Navajo word for tortoise to stand

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Speaker 1: in for the English word tank. Okay, page, This next

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Speaker 1: one is for you, okay. Wow. It's a pouch and

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Speaker 1: inside it there's a rock, some pollen, and an arrowhead.

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Speaker 1: Look at this represent a party favor bag from a

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Speaker 1: real cool party. Geraldine went to or be medicine bags

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Speaker 1: the Navajo soldiers carried with them. The answer is b.

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Speaker 1: Many Navajo soldiers had medicine bags that contain not something

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Speaker 1: like thailand all or vitamins, but sacred objects given to

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Speaker 1: them by their families. They wore them around their neck

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Speaker 1: to protect them and keep them connected to their home life.

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Speaker 1: The Navajo community also helps the code talkers after the

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Speaker 1: war with special spiritual Navajo ceremonies called the Enemy Way,

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Speaker 1: where people gathered to sing, chant and pray to help

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Speaker 1: drive away the spirits of the battlefield. And that's the

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Speaker 1: end of that game. From the Best, Baby, Great round, everybody.

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Speaker 1: You to both really cracked the code of those questions. Now,

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Speaker 1: let's transmit a message over to producer Jane. Producer Jane,

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Speaker 1: here's the message. It reads, what are the scores? I

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Speaker 1: got your message on it, and I'm going to tell

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Speaker 1: you the scores are Movie on the House five and

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Speaker 1: Paige ahead by one with six. Well, truly a mail

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Speaker 1: biter of a game. It is, oh, a mail biter. Oh, Elliott,

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Speaker 1: there you go, always talking in code. Well that's not

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Speaker 1: a code, it's a metaphor. You know what a metaphor is, right,

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Speaker 1: b Yeah, it's like a portmanteau of assimile and an adverb.

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Speaker 1: Oh boy, we'll have to unpack that later because right

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Speaker 1: now we have a very special guest here. Everyone, please

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Speaker 1: welcome Navajo code talker William Dean Wilson. Hello, thanks to

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Speaker 1: the who is that? Forgetting me here? Who was that? You?

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Speaker 1: Wander in the best? That app is a lot lighter

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Speaker 1: than the radio as I carried in service, that's for sure,

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Speaker 1: Be Elliott. I know we've got a lot to cover,

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Speaker 1: but it must ask how did you get aloha? That

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00:18:03,359 --> 00:18:07,399
Speaker 1: translates in English to elephant in the studio? Hey, Geraldine,

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Speaker 1: why don't you tell him yourself? Yeah? Okay? And then

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Speaker 1: what happened? That's so right? You were wearing that, Elliott?

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Speaker 1: What are they saying? I have no idea. I find

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Speaker 1: the best thing to do when Be and Geraldine start

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Speaker 1: talking is just figure out the vibe and not alat Yeah.

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Speaker 1: And then I was like, you're hired. We have fun

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Speaker 1: on this show. So, Mr Wilson, you joined the Marines

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Speaker 1: when you were just sixteen years old? Yes, even though

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Speaker 1: I told him I was eighteen. Oh, I get it.

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Speaker 1: Were you speaking in a code and eighteen really meant sixteen? Yes?

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Speaker 1: I've by code? You mean fibbing. I know it's not

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Speaker 1: right till lie. When I was young and eager for adventure,

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Speaker 1: it was kind of like a boy with a new toy.

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Speaker 1: Everything was new. Mr Wilson, could you tell us any

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Speaker 1: of the messages you sent back when you were serving

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Speaker 1: with the Marines? That's confidential information. But I can tell

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Speaker 1: you that we ended each dialogue with the phrase that

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Speaker 1: translates to give back the ram. It was our way

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Speaker 1: of acknowledging that the conversation was over. Well, I actually

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Speaker 1: have some code of my own that I wonder if

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Speaker 1: you'd be able to decipher. I've been working on it

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Speaker 1: for a while, so it's pretty tough to crack. The

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Speaker 1: twenty eight other code talkers and I painstakingly created code

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Speaker 1: under intense pressure over a period of many months. I

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Speaker 1: know how difficult creating code can be. I'd love to

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Speaker 1: hear what you came up with. Okay, here goes code

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Speaker 1: number one. Be how many codes did you create? That's

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Speaker 1: confidential information? Or should I say at days on fidential

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Speaker 1: k information? A. You're speaking pig Latin there, but in

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Speaker 1: the beginning of the word at the end, correct code

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Speaker 1: craft Okay, code number two. I'm so thrilled you figured

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00:20:07,160 --> 00:20:11,720
Speaker 1: it out so quickly. Thrilled, but you're actually mad. Is

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Speaker 1: it opposite day or something? Okay too? For two? Opposite

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00:20:16,960 --> 00:20:20,360
Speaker 1: day actually a code? Hell yeah, just pick your own

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00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:25,760
Speaker 1: the Liman, not Alonge. And now for code three, Simon says,

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00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:29,560
Speaker 1: put your hand on your nose. Simon says, jump up

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00:20:29,560 --> 00:20:36,400
Speaker 1: and down. Simon says, sing carmina burana, oh for tuna.

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Speaker 1: Wait wait, wait, this code is. Simon says, I was wrong. No,

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00:20:43,720 --> 00:20:46,639
Speaker 1: you're totally right. It is. Simon says, but Simon didn't

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Speaker 1: say you could say. Simon says, then to decipher some

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Speaker 1: pretty strange messages in my day, But be the message

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Speaker 1: is coming from You've got to be the strangest. You're welcome,

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00:20:59,160 --> 00:21:01,560
Speaker 1: I think she need. Thank you for stopping by and

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Speaker 1: seeing us today, Mr William Dean Wilson, my pleasure, Thanks

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00:21:06,240 --> 00:21:09,040
Speaker 1: to you all, and thanks again. Who was app give

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Speaker 1: back the ram? Who? It's time we take a break,

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Speaker 1: unless you've got another code to show us. Be No,

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Speaker 1: I really don't. Okay, that's just sarcasm, otherwise known as

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Speaker 1: code forty seven, now code forty eight because where you

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00:21:25,440 --> 00:21:28,080
Speaker 1: burped everything? Oh boy, Eric, play us some give back

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Speaker 1: the ram music? Please? It was a loner, Sally, Who

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Speaker 1: was there? Marie? You may remember me from winning multiple

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Speaker 1: Nobel prizes, or perhaps from my episode of the Who

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Speaker 1: Was Podcast where I played myself I wanted to take

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Speaker 1: a moment to read one of my favorite reviews about

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Speaker 1: the Who Was Podcast. This is from Shaken Bay and

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00:21:57,280 --> 00:22:01,720
Speaker 1: it reads loved the Me and my little sister love

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00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:06,879
Speaker 1: this show more. Please. Our faith is Arietman. If you

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00:22:06,880 --> 00:22:09,240
Speaker 1: want to hear your review read on the app, make

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00:22:09,280 --> 00:22:13,240
Speaker 1: sure to subscribe, like and review to the US podcast

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00:22:13,359 --> 00:22:15,920
Speaker 1: in the I Heard Radio up or wherever you give

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00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:24,440
Speaker 1: your podcasts revoir or should Let's Day abio. Welcome back

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Speaker 1: to the Who Was Podcast. Today we're learning all about

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Speaker 1: awesome forms of communication with who was Louis Braille and

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Speaker 1: who were the Never Who Coo Talkers? And now back

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Speaker 1: to your host, Elliott Halin. Thanks Be. We've got one

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Speaker 1: last game to get to and it's this one converge

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Speaker 1: of greatness. In this multiple choice game, Be will read

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Speaker 1: questions where our two historical figures overlap or converge. And

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Speaker 1: because this is our third game, each question is worth

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Speaker 1: three huge points. Picked the best option as your answer page.

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Speaker 1: The first question is for you, B. You know what

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Speaker 1: to do. Both Louis and the Code Talkers left home

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Speaker 1: for a very specific education. As we mentioned, conditions at

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Speaker 1: Louis school were very bad. Louis and many other students

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Speaker 1: even contracted this condition from living there a cold feet,

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00:23:23,119 --> 00:23:26,760
Speaker 1: which is why Louie never married. B Bad taste in

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Speaker 1: interior decorating or C tuberculosis. See you got it. The

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Speaker 1: answer is C. For a minute, I thought you said B,

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Speaker 1: and I was like, I think his taste interior decorating

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Speaker 1: was that bad? But the answer is C. Tuberculosis or

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Speaker 1: t B is a sickness that affects your breathing and

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Speaker 1: to be spread very quickly when people live in close quarters.

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Speaker 1: TV was the leading cause of death in industrialized countries

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Speaker 1: during the nineteenth and early twenty centuries. It affected Louis

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Speaker 1: and many of his fellow students. In fact, Louis died

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Speaker 1: at the young age of forty three from complications from TB.

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Speaker 1: Okay next question. This next question is for Liliana. Liliana,

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Speaker 1: both Braile and Navajo were at one point used in secret.

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Speaker 1: Brail was banned by the head of Louis school. But

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Speaker 1: why would Navajo speakers keep their language secret? Was it

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Speaker 1: a the Navajo co talkers wanted to practice keeping secrets.

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00:24:18,560 --> 00:24:22,160
Speaker 1: B schools that many American Indians were sent to would

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Speaker 1: only speak and teach in English or see. Contrary to

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Speaker 1: the popular rhyme, secret secrets are tons of fun and

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Speaker 1: secret secrets hurt no one B. That's right. The answer

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00:24:35,480 --> 00:24:38,320
Speaker 1: is B. For most of American history, the US government

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00:24:38,359 --> 00:24:41,160
Speaker 1: was hostile to Native American tribes. In order to break

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00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:44,400
Speaker 1: down Native cultures, they made many Indigenous children leave their

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00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:46,960
Speaker 1: homes and go to schools where they had to speak English.

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00:24:47,200 --> 00:24:49,560
Speaker 1: Their mouths were washed out with soap when they spoke

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00:24:49,600 --> 00:24:52,359
Speaker 1: their own language. In an incredible twist of history, the

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00:24:52,440 --> 00:24:55,680
Speaker 1: Navajo language America tried to erase ended up helping us

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Speaker 1: when we need it at most. In two thousand two,

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Speaker 1: code talker Chester Nez under to the irony of his

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00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:03,679
Speaker 1: military service. He said, all those years being told not

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Speaker 1: to speak Navajo, then to turn around and ask us

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00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:08,639
Speaker 1: for help with that same language, it still kind of

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00:25:08,680 --> 00:25:11,280
Speaker 1: bothers me. And for the record, kids just want you know,

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00:25:11,520 --> 00:25:15,480
Speaker 1: secrets are not fun and can on occasion hurt someone.

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00:25:15,640 --> 00:25:18,040
Speaker 1: Unless that secret is what's going to happen on the

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00:25:18,080 --> 00:25:21,199
Speaker 1: next episode of Game of Thrones. That's called no spoilers,

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Speaker 1: and I totally stand by keeping that a secret. And

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00:25:23,280 --> 00:25:26,600
Speaker 1: on to the next question. For page we've talked about

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Speaker 1: how quickly. The Navajo code talkers could translate messages, but students,

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Speaker 1: wanting to prove how effective brail was, also translated messages quickly,

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00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:39,919
Speaker 1: so quickly, in fact, that a people did not believe

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00:25:39,960 --> 00:25:42,880
Speaker 1: them and made them do it again. Be they set

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Speaker 1: againness world record for the fastest translation. Or see it

423
00:25:47,520 --> 00:25:50,439
Speaker 1: was so fast the paper they were reading from burst

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00:25:50,480 --> 00:25:54,960
Speaker 1: into flames. Hey, that's right. The answer is a. Students

425
00:25:54,960 --> 00:25:57,399
Speaker 1: gave a demonstration of how quickly they could write and brail.

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00:25:57,520 --> 00:26:00,160
Speaker 1: One student left the room and an audience member at

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00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:03,040
Speaker 1: a poem allowed, which was immediately translated into braille. The

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00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:05,120
Speaker 1: student who had left the room came back and used

429
00:26:05,119 --> 00:26:09,159
Speaker 1: their fingers on the grill and spoke the perfectly translated poem.

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00:26:09,520 --> 00:26:11,800
Speaker 1: One man in the audience didn't believe them. He made

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00:26:11,800 --> 00:26:14,560
Speaker 1: the students translate a theater ticket from his pocket, which

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00:26:14,560 --> 00:26:17,760
Speaker 1: they also transcribed and rail aloud perfectly. We'd like to

433
00:26:17,760 --> 00:26:19,280
Speaker 1: think it was a ticket for the egg on my

434
00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:22,280
Speaker 1: Face show, because that guy Shorehead egg on his face,

435
00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:26,480
Speaker 1: or as he would have said in France, thank you.

436
00:26:26,840 --> 00:26:29,000
Speaker 1: I guess I don't I should have asked. Paige Page

437
00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:31,160
Speaker 1: would have known, but only when she's angry. That's egg

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00:26:31,240 --> 00:26:34,520
Speaker 1: without a face. So I hope my egg doesn't have

439
00:26:34,560 --> 00:26:36,359
Speaker 1: a face. I don't want to eat an egg with

440
00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:38,760
Speaker 1: a face on it. Okay, The next and final question,

441
00:26:38,800 --> 00:26:40,080
Speaker 1: as I try to get the image of an egg

442
00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:42,040
Speaker 1: with a face out of my mind, this nest question

443
00:26:42,400 --> 00:26:47,359
Speaker 1: is for Liliana. Okay, all right, Liliana. Both Louis Braille

444
00:26:47,400 --> 00:26:49,640
Speaker 1: and the Nemajo co talkers had to wait a long

445
00:26:49,680 --> 00:26:52,600
Speaker 1: time for recognition of their good work. For Braille, it

446
00:26:52,680 --> 00:26:55,480
Speaker 1: took nearly a hundred years, and the truth behind the

447
00:26:55,520 --> 00:26:58,920
Speaker 1: co talkers was not mentioned until twenty three years after

448
00:26:58,960 --> 00:27:02,960
Speaker 1: their service. They weren't given Congressional medals of honor until

449
00:27:03,080 --> 00:27:08,240
Speaker 1: two thousand one, which US president awarded them those medals.

450
00:27:08,800 --> 00:27:13,359
Speaker 1: Was it a Barack Obama B. George W. Bush or C.

451
00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:18,399
Speaker 1: Millard Fillmore B. That's right. The answer is be. Fearing

452
00:27:18,400 --> 00:27:20,359
Speaker 1: they would need to use the code again, the U.

453
00:27:20,440 --> 00:27:24,000
Speaker 1: S Military kept the code talkers talk secret until nineteen

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00:27:24,119 --> 00:27:26,320
Speaker 1: sixty eight. The code talkers they weren't even allowed to

455
00:27:26,320 --> 00:27:28,360
Speaker 1: talk about what they did in the military for over

456
00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:31,480
Speaker 1: twenty years. Then in two thousand one or twenty nine,

457
00:27:31,520 --> 00:27:34,440
Speaker 1: original code talkers were given Congressional Medals of honor from

458
00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:37,760
Speaker 1: President George W. Bush. He declared, there's quote a story

459
00:27:37,840 --> 00:27:42,520
Speaker 1: all Americans can celebrate and remember. In two August fourteen

460
00:27:42,720 --> 00:27:46,120
Speaker 1: was named National Code Talkers Day. I can't wait to celebrate.

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00:27:46,119 --> 00:27:48,960
Speaker 1: I've already got on my code Talker decorations and my

462
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:52,120
Speaker 1: code Talkers snacks. It's going to be fantastic. And that's

463
00:27:52,200 --> 00:28:04,280
Speaker 1: the end of the round. That sound means we're at

464
00:28:04,280 --> 00:28:06,280
Speaker 1: the end of the game and the end of the

465
00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:08,040
Speaker 1: show while we wait for Jane to tell you the

466
00:28:08,040 --> 00:28:11,280
Speaker 1: points I'd love to hear from both of our contestants. Leana,

467
00:28:11,320 --> 00:28:14,120
Speaker 1: what surprised you about either Louis Braille or the Navajo

468
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:19,439
Speaker 1: code Talkers? I think I was surprised that Louis Brown

469
00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:24,560
Speaker 1: wasn't lying that person. He lost his sight when he

470
00:28:24,640 --> 00:28:26,840
Speaker 1: was three years old, and it was an accident that

471
00:28:26,880 --> 00:28:29,320
Speaker 1: happened to one of his eyes, and then an infection

472
00:28:29,400 --> 00:28:32,040
Speaker 1: spread and he lost vision in both It really makes

473
00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:33,719
Speaker 1: you wonder what a three year old was doing wandering

474
00:28:33,720 --> 00:28:37,280
Speaker 1: around in a leather working workshop. One has to hold there. Yeah,

475
00:28:37,560 --> 00:28:39,600
Speaker 1: and how about you, Page, was there anything that surprised

476
00:28:39,640 --> 00:28:43,000
Speaker 1: you about either of our subjects? Well, actually, I think

477
00:28:43,120 --> 00:28:46,920
Speaker 1: never the Navajo voice proctors. They surprised me a lot.

478
00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:49,600
Speaker 1: I didn't even know they existed. Isn't it amazing when

479
00:28:49,640 --> 00:28:52,000
Speaker 1: you learn a story from history and you're like, what

480
00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:54,560
Speaker 1: that happened? How did you feel when you found out

481
00:28:54,720 --> 00:28:58,240
Speaker 1: that the Navajo code talkers, that they had lived these lives,

482
00:28:58,440 --> 00:29:00,600
Speaker 1: that they were able to turn their language into an

483
00:29:00,640 --> 00:29:02,880
Speaker 1: unbreakable code. How did you feel about that? That was

484
00:29:02,880 --> 00:29:05,520
Speaker 1: pretty cool? Actually, I think that sums it up. It's

485
00:29:05,520 --> 00:29:07,160
Speaker 1: pretty cool. It's a good way to describe it. Yeah,

486
00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:08,680
Speaker 1: and so you went so when you read it, you

487
00:29:08,680 --> 00:29:13,320
Speaker 1: didn't get mad and start yelling in French. No, Oh,

488
00:29:13,360 --> 00:29:17,600
Speaker 1: that's good. That's good. Okay, thank you both. That was fantastic.

489
00:29:17,680 --> 00:29:20,480
Speaker 1: Now for the big moment, Jane, please announce our winner,

490
00:29:21,280 --> 00:29:24,240
Speaker 1: hell Yett, I'm going to give out the winner in code.

491
00:29:24,720 --> 00:29:29,480
Speaker 1: Are you ready? Yes? Yes? Please? Page at twelve points,

492
00:29:30,120 --> 00:29:33,400
Speaker 1: Lily Hannah at eleven Can you figure it out? But

493
00:29:33,480 --> 00:29:36,640
Speaker 1: that that was the code, that's the code? Okay. I

494
00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:40,440
Speaker 1: think I think that means Pages are winner today. Correct,

495
00:29:40,560 --> 00:29:42,960
Speaker 1: you got it? Oh, you cracked the phone. I was

496
00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:46,720
Speaker 1: almost there. Congratulation Page and Leon. You played a great game,

497
00:29:46,800 --> 00:29:50,360
Speaker 1: a super close ending. I'd call it a photo finish. Okay, page,

498
00:29:50,520 --> 00:29:52,560
Speaker 1: you have ten seconds for shoutouts. Who do you want

499
00:29:52,560 --> 00:29:56,000
Speaker 1: to thank for getting you to the winner's circle? Uh,

500
00:29:56,400 --> 00:30:00,880
Speaker 1: it's Marcia and MS Dollar and my mom and dad especially.

501
00:30:01,240 --> 00:30:03,200
Speaker 1: That's really great. That's really nice, and I'm sure your

502
00:30:03,240 --> 00:30:05,520
Speaker 1: mom and dad will appreciate it. Our winner and their

503
00:30:05,600 --> 00:30:07,640
Speaker 1: library of choice are going to be receiving a selection

504
00:30:07,640 --> 00:30:09,640
Speaker 1: of Who Was books, And I'm going to give my

505
00:30:09,680 --> 00:30:12,520
Speaker 1: own shout out to intern Zach, to Jane, to Eric

506
00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:14,920
Speaker 1: and to be and a big thank you to both

507
00:30:14,960 --> 00:30:18,120
Speaker 1: of our contestants for playing a really fantastic game. You

508
00:30:18,200 --> 00:30:21,800
Speaker 1: both did great. And of course who should I think

509
00:30:21,840 --> 00:30:24,480
Speaker 1: the most? It could only be one person, you, the

510
00:30:24,560 --> 00:30:27,280
Speaker 1: listener listening to this right now. Thank you for enjoying

511
00:30:27,320 --> 00:30:29,920
Speaker 1: our show. Now join us next time when we learn

512
00:30:29,960 --> 00:30:33,120
Speaker 1: about two more amazing figures from history. Until then, this

513
00:30:33,200 --> 00:30:36,680
Speaker 1: is Elliott tord Is tank Klin saying We're history. Good Bye.

514
00:30:36,680 --> 00:30:43,280
Speaker 1: Everybody got a question for any of our famous figures?

515
00:30:43,360 --> 00:30:45,440
Speaker 1: Or do you want to be a contestant? Send us

516
00:30:45,480 --> 00:30:48,200
Speaker 1: a voice memo at the Who Was Podcast at gmail

517
00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:50,800
Speaker 1: dot com it or you might just end up on

518
00:30:50,880 --> 00:30:54,160
Speaker 1: the show. Who Was Podcast is produced by Radio Point

519
00:30:54,200 --> 00:30:56,720
Speaker 1: I Heart Media and Penguin Workshop, and is based on

520
00:30:56,760 --> 00:30:59,600
Speaker 1: the best selling who h Q series published by Penguin.

521
00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:02,240
Speaker 1: This show is hosted by Elliott Caylin with co host

522
00:31:02,360 --> 00:31:05,640
Speaker 1: Megan O'Neill as b It also stars Jane Baker as

523
00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:13,320
Speaker 1: Jane and Eric Shackney as Eric. Executive producers are Richard Corson,

524
00:31:13,400 --> 00:31:17,560
Speaker 1: Alex Bach, Elliott Kylin, Megan O'Neil, Daniel Powell, and Houston Snyder.

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00:31:17,840 --> 00:31:21,200
Speaker 1: Our executive producer for Penguin Workshop is Francesco Sadita, but

526
00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:24,320
Speaker 1: our executive producer for iHeart Media is Lindsay Hoffman. This

527
00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:27,680
Speaker 1: episode was written by Megan O'Neil, Elliott Kylin and Devin Coleman.

528
00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:31,400
Speaker 1: Our producers are Bernie Kaminsky and Taylor Kawalski. Our talent

529
00:31:31,440 --> 00:31:34,440
Speaker 1: producer is Jane Baker. Our theme song and our music

530
00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:37,440
Speaker 1: are all composed and performed by Eric Shackney. We are

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00:31:37,560 --> 00:31:40,360
Speaker 1: edited and mixed by Bree Matan and Kate Moldenhower. They're

532
00:31:40,360 --> 00:31:43,280
Speaker 1: recorded by Alison Worth. And there's special thanks I'd like

533
00:31:43,320 --> 00:31:46,720
Speaker 1: to give to Zach Timpson, Charlotte Dianda, Daniel Goodman, Michael

534
00:31:46,760 --> 00:31:49,880
Speaker 1: Lewis Howard and of course you the listener wa. The

535
00:31:49,880 --> 00:31:52,440
Speaker 1: Who Was Podcast was recorded the I Heart Studios in

536
00:31:52,440 --> 00:31:56,120
Speaker 1: Los Angeles, California. Sound services were provided by Great City

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00:31:56,200 --> 00:32:02,880
Speaker 1: Posts Podcast. Chur on The Fable was as his host