Speaker 1: Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of iHeartRadio and Grim
Speaker 1: and Mild from Aaron Manky listener discretion advised. Hey, this
Speaker 1: is Dana Schwartz, host of the podcast Noble Blood, just
Speaker 1: checking in before the episode to do a little bit
Speaker 1: of housekeeping. First of all, thank you for being a listener.
Speaker 1: But if you want to contribute and support the show,
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Speaker 1: our patreon, which is patreon dot com slash Noble Blood Tales.
Speaker 1: There's a link in the episode description and over on
Speaker 1: the patreon. I also do a weekly show with a
Speaker 1: friend of mine where we rewatch episode by episode the
Speaker 1: CW television show Rain about Mary, Queen of Scott's. So
Speaker 1: if that interests you, head over to the patreon. There's
Speaker 1: also Noble Blood merch. There's an amazing sweatshirt that I
Speaker 1: wear pretty much every day. It's a crew neck. I
Speaker 1: could not recommend it highly enough, So if that interests you,
Speaker 1: that link is also in the bio. Thanks so much.
Speaker 1: When Edward the Confessor, King of England died childless on
Speaker 1: January fifth, ten sixty six, the Council had already determined
Speaker 1: that his successor would be his brother in law, a
Speaker 1: man named Harold Godwinson, the most powerful noble in the country.
Speaker 1: Harold was crowned the very next day, January sixth, ten
Speaker 1: sixty six. Holding a coronation so quickly after the last
Speaker 1: king's death seems frankly a little suspicious. It's the sort
Speaker 1: of thing that a historian might look back on and
Speaker 1: double check the dates about smelling something akin to a coup.
Speaker 1: There is a perfectly reasonable explanation that all of the
Speaker 1: nobles in England were already at Westminster for the feast
Speaker 1: of the Epiphany. But we would be naive to imagine
Speaker 1: that Harold wasn't interested in securing his throne as officially
Speaker 1: as he could, as quickly as he possibly could, because
Speaker 1: even though the English nobles supported him, his claim to
Speaker 1: the throne of England wasn't particularly air tight. He was
Speaker 1: the brother of the dead king's wife, and the dead King,
Speaker 1: Edward had allegedly chosen him as his successor on his deathbed.
Speaker 1: But there were other men who wanted the throne of England.
Speaker 1: In the north there was Harold Hadrada, Viking, King of Norway,
Speaker 1: and in the south in Normandy there was William Harold
Speaker 1: Godwinson knew that William was planning on invading England with
Speaker 1: a fleet of ships, and so in the spring of
Speaker 1: ten sixty six, Harold posted a standing army at the
Speaker 1: southern coast of England. He and his men would be
Speaker 1: ready when William, Duke of Normandy finally sailed across the
Speaker 1: Channel to fight for England. But there was one problem.
Speaker 1: William just wasn't coming. He was ready, don't be mistaken,
Speaker 1: and he wanted to invade England. The problem was the weather.
Speaker 1: For months, William and his large force of men and
Speaker 1: mercenary soldiers, thousands of them, just sat in a field
Speaker 1: in Normandy, waiting for the winds to change. William was
Speaker 1: a strong and ambitious leader, ready to fight for a
Speaker 1: throne that he believed was rightfully his, a claim that
Speaker 1: the Pope himself backed up incidentally. But instead William had
Speaker 1: to watch day by day and week by week as
Speaker 1: his stores of supplies diminished gradually, and as his soldiers
Speaker 1: began fighting illness and the loss of morale that came
Speaker 1: from doing nothing. William didn't want to be worrying about
Speaker 1: food supplies or sanitation in a Norman field. He wanted
Speaker 1: to be winning battles, conquering a country, becoming a king.
Speaker 1: But fate had other ideas, and as the soldiers began
Speaker 1: to mumble to themselves as the weeks turned into months,
Speaker 1: maybe Fate did not want William conquering England. In the
Speaker 1: middle of September, William finally led his Norman fleet north
Speaker 1: from the River Deef in Normandy, but rather than making
Speaker 1: it across the Channel, the winds blew them east across
Speaker 1: the French coast to Poitier, where they were forced to
Speaker 1: spend another two weeks in terrible weather, trying to suppress
Speaker 1: the growing certainty that the universe was sending them some
Speaker 1: sort of sn But fate is tricky, and even trickier
Speaker 1: when we're looking back on events a thousand years ago
Speaker 1: through the narrative of propaganda and folklore. While William was
Speaker 1: waiting with his rain soaked and weakened fleet in Poitier,
Speaker 1: watching the weather vein every day, he could not have
Speaker 1: known that the rain was protecting him, that the delay
Speaker 1: in crossing the channel would prove to be a strategic
Speaker 1: coup when it came to his ultimate battle with King
Speaker 1: Harold at a place called Hastings, William, Duke of Normandy
Speaker 1: is sometimes referred to as William the Bastard because of
Speaker 1: his illegitimate birth, but he has another more famous nickname,
Speaker 1: William the Conqueror. I hope it's not a spoiler, then,
Speaker 1: to tell you that when William and his fleet ultimately
Speaker 1: did make it to England, they would defeat Harold inarguably
Speaker 1: the most famous and influential battle in all of English history.
Speaker 1: But the journey to cross the Channel was not the
Speaker 1: only challenge William faced. In fact, even after his victory
Speaker 1: at the Battle of Hastings, his future as King of
Speaker 1: England was far from secure. Like his predecessor, William would
Speaker 1: put together a coronation as quickly as possibly. William knelt
Speaker 1: in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day ten sixty six, where
Speaker 1: he was anointed with oil and proclaimed King William the First.
Speaker 1: He had won the Battle of Hastings, but William's battle
Speaker 1: for the future of England was far from over. I'm
Speaker 1: Dana Schwartz, and this is noble blood. Before William the Conqueror,
Speaker 1: King of England was William the Conqueror, King of England.
Speaker 1: He was the Duke of Normandy. And if you'll indulge me.
Speaker 1: I think it's worth just a momentary detour to explain
Speaker 1: historically exactly who the Normans were, because the Normans weren't French,
Speaker 1: at least now. At the beginning the ninth century was
Speaker 1: a time that pagan vikings from Denmark, Norway and Iceland
Speaker 1: enjoyed plundering across the British Isles and France, and they
Speaker 1: did so fairly successfully. So successfully in fact, that in
Speaker 1: nine hundred and eleven, the King of the Franks, Charles
Speaker 1: the Third, also given the unfortunate nickname Charles the Simple,
Speaker 1: made a deal with the Viking king Rolo to give
Speaker 1: him the land that eventually would become the Duchy of Normandy.
Speaker 1: You can think of it as a take this land
Speaker 1: and leave us alone deal, with the added bonus that
Speaker 1: the Vikings or Northmen on the north coast of France
Speaker 1: would protect the Franks from other Vikings, and so those
Speaker 1: Vikings or Northmen became Normans. Over the next one hundred years,
Speaker 1: the Normans converted to Christianity and intermarried with the French,
Speaker 1: adopting the French language, but always remaining their own unique people,
Speaker 1: known for their reputations as cunning and ruthless fighters, particularly
Speaker 1: fast and brutal in war. William was probably born around
Speaker 1: ten twenty seven, a direct descendant of the legendary Rollo himself.
Speaker 1: William was the son of the Duke of Normandy, a
Speaker 1: man given the pretty great nickname of Robert the Magnificent.
Speaker 1: As you might have guessed by the fact that I
Speaker 1: couldn't give you an accurate birthday for William, we don't
Speaker 1: know a ton of details about his early life. We
Speaker 1: do know, though, that his parents were not married. William's
Speaker 1: father was the Duke of Normandy, but his mother was
Speaker 1: usually identified as the daughter of a tanner, though that
Speaker 1: sort of partnership out of wedlock wasn't uncommon in Normandy,
Speaker 1: even among the noble class. William was, as everyone knew, illegitimate,
Speaker 1: which brought about his first nickname, a nickname given by
Speaker 1: his enemies that would appear in chronicles and history books
Speaker 1: for centuries, William the Bastard. But illegitimate as he was,
Speaker 1: William was his father's only son, and so he was
Speaker 1: officially recognized as Robert's heir in ten thirty five, when
Speaker 1: William was about eight years old. It was a designation
Speaker 1: complete with a swearing in ceremony and the approval of
Speaker 1: the French king. And it was a good move on
Speaker 1: the part of William's father, because Robert the Magnificent died
Speaker 1: before William ten years old. Even though it had been
Speaker 1: established that William was his father's heir and he was
Speaker 1: now Duke of Normandy, it didn't prevent the chaos and
Speaker 1: breakdown of order that sometimes happens when a child becomes
Speaker 1: a ruler. It would be generous to call William's early
Speaker 1: years as Duke tumultuous. He was constantly surrounded by murder
Speaker 1: and war, under constant threat of assassination. His tutor was murdered,
Speaker 1: three of his guardians died violently. It's hard to try
Speaker 1: to unpack the psychology of a historical figure, and even
Speaker 1: more challenging when that figure lived a thousand years ago.
Speaker 1: But we know that when William will grow up, when
Speaker 1: he conquers England, he will rule with an iron fist.
Speaker 1: He will build great towers that stand as monuments to
Speaker 1: his power and control. He will crush his kingdom within
Speaker 1: a vice of order and hierarchy. And so maybe it's
Speaker 1: not too great of a leap to imagine that that
Speaker 1: instinct might have been a perfectly natural response to a
Speaker 1: childhood spent understanding viscerally the discomfort of anarchy, living in
Speaker 1: a duchy tearing itself apart without a strong leader. At
Speaker 1: fifteen years old, William was knighted and he finally began
Speaker 1: his campaign as a young adult to bring order to
Speaker 1: the anarchic lands he ruled over. He grew into a
Speaker 1: striking figure, not tall, but taller than average and broad,
Speaker 1: with red hair and a reputation as an incredibly level
Speaker 1: headed leader who understood when to take risks in battle
Speaker 1: and when to play defensively. And so, now, with a
Speaker 1: young William squarely on the throne of the Duchy of Normandy,
Speaker 1: let's pop back up across the channel over to England.
Speaker 1: The King Edward the Confessor had no sons. Edward was
Speaker 1: William's cousin. Edward's father had been married to William's grandfather's sister.
Speaker 1: Not close cousins, but cousins, and Edward had been dealing
Speaker 1: with his own challenges as a leader in England. Danish
Speaker 1: vikings had invaded and taken the throne, and so for
Speaker 1: a time Edward was actually in exile in Normandy. That
Speaker 1: was still when William was a young man, but according
Speaker 1: to Norman sources, the two cousins really connected. Edward knew
Speaker 1: that soon he would return to England and become king,
Speaker 1: and he promised young William that if he died without
Speaker 1: a son, he would be his heir to the English throne.
Speaker 1: At least that's the way William and the Normans tell it.
Speaker 1: As an adult, William had his eyes set on England,
Speaker 1: but a passing comment that an exiled king had made
Speaker 1: to him back when William was a child wouldn't be
Speaker 1: enough to claim the throne, and so when William was
Speaker 1: in his early twenties, he married the daughter of the
Speaker 1: Count of Flanders, which gave him more strength and firepower,
Speaker 1: enough allegedly that he was able to strong arm the
Speaker 1: still airless Edward into officially making William his heir in
Speaker 1: ten fifty one. At least that's how the Normans tell it.
Speaker 1: But over in England there were other nobles vying for control,
Speaker 1: especially as King Edward began to weaken. The most powerful
Speaker 1: nobleman in England at the time was a man named
Speaker 1: Harold Godwinson, whose sister was married to King Edward. The
Speaker 1: Confessor consider Harold like the English hometown hero. Earlier in
Speaker 1: Edward's rule, when England lost some popularity for seemingly showing
Speaker 1: owing favoritism to Normans, it was Godwin and his sons
Speaker 1: who were able to rally forces and use the situation
Speaker 1: to their advantage. Harold had fought campaigns subjugating Wales and
Speaker 1: dealing with rebellious Northumbrians. He seemed like the natural choice
Speaker 1: for a successor for the King of England, because well,
Speaker 1: he was already sort of handling the job. The problem,
Speaker 1: of course, was that he wasn't yet King Edward was,
Speaker 1: and Edward was using his childlessness to his advantage as
Speaker 1: a diplomatic tool, leading other people on, so no one
Speaker 1: attacked him. Around ten sixty five, Edward sent Harold on
Speaker 1: an embassy to Normandy. According to the Normans, the purpose
Speaker 1: of that journey was for Harold to confirm that Edward
Speaker 1: was naming William as heir to the throne of England.
Speaker 1: But on the way to Normandy, Harold was captured off
Speaker 1: the coast and ransomed. While he was being held as
Speaker 1: something between a hostage and a guest, Harold was made
Speaker 1: to swear on holy relics to promise that he would
Speaker 1: uphold William as Edward's heir, and Harold did swear it,
Speaker 1: at least according to the Normans. Whether it was under
Speaker 1: duress or because they were threatening him is another question.
Speaker 1: It was probably around a year later, January of ten
Speaker 1: sixty six, that Edward the Confessor, still without a son
Speaker 1: and having caused so much trouble, finally died. According to England,
Speaker 1: on his deathbed, he turned to his brother in law
Speaker 1: Harold and declared that he would be his heir. Harold
Speaker 1: did not need to be told twice. The English written
Speaker 1: or Council officially supported him, as did all the other nobles,
Speaker 1: and so Harold quickly held a coronation at Westminster Abbey,
Speaker 1: knowing probably that he would have to deal with William eventually,
Speaker 1: but also probably correctly thinking that it would be easier
Speaker 1: to deal with William from a secure place atop the
Speaker 1: throne of England. William in Normandy was of course furious,
Speaker 1: especially considering that Harold had sworn on holy relics that
Speaker 1: he would respect William's claim to the throne. And so
Speaker 1: William did the medieval European equivalent of going to the manager.
Speaker 1: He petitioned the Pope. He told the Pope that Harold
Speaker 1: had forsaken his oath, an oath sworn on holy relics,
Speaker 1: and the Pope agreed with him and gave William his
Speaker 1: blessing to invade England. Harold actually made the decision not
Speaker 1: to send an emissary to the Pope to plead his case,
Speaker 1: probably thinking that because he had already been coronated and
Speaker 1: was a consecrated king, his position was secure and so
Speaker 1: God was on William's side, even if the wind wasn't.
Speaker 1: William assembled his fleet and soldiers on the northern coast,
Speaker 1: ready to set sail and battle Harold in England. But
Speaker 1: as I talked about in the introduction to this episode,
Speaker 1: the weather was not cooperating. The wind wasn't right, and
Speaker 1: so William had to wait, managing sanitation and food for
Speaker 1: thousands of soldiers, doing nothing but losing morale by the day.
Speaker 1: It might seem like this might have put William at
Speaker 1: a disadvantage, but as luck would have it, he wasn't
Speaker 1: the only person trying to conquer England. In the north
Speaker 1: of England, Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, was invading, and Harold,
Speaker 1: King of England had to march as soldiers up to
Speaker 1: take care of that, and all the while, Harold, King
Speaker 1: of England, had been funding a standing army on the
Speaker 1: southern coast of England, just waiting for William and the
Speaker 1: Normans to arrive. Well mid September, after months of paying
Speaker 1: them to do nothing, Harold had to finally release the
Speaker 1: men and dissolve the force, which meant that when William
Speaker 1: and his men were finally able to sail up to England,
Speaker 1: they faced surprisingly little resistance until they reached Hastings. How
Speaker 1: many men did William have, simply put, we do not know.
Speaker 1: One chronicle gives the number at fourteen thousand men, but
Speaker 1: another says the force numbered one hundred and fifty thousand.
Speaker 1: I've also seen fifty and sixty thousand. Like so many
Speaker 1: things about William the Conqueror's famous invasion of England, the
Speaker 1: stories have become a little distorted into legend. There are
Speaker 1: a handful of legends specifically about William's crossing. As the
Speaker 1: fleet set out from Saint Valerie. The ship that William
Speaker 1: was on was of course the fastest and the sleekest,
Speaker 1: and in the darkness of the night crossing the channel,
Speaker 1: that ship accidentally sped ahead of its fellows, which meant
Speaker 1: that the next morning William and his ship awoke to
Speaker 1: find the rest of their fleet entirely out of sight.
Speaker 1: According to a chaplain William of Poitier, who is biased
Speaker 1: because he was so close to William the Conqueror, but
Speaker 1: an incredibly useful source. While other lesser leaders might have
Speaker 1: panicked in that situation, quote, like all great generals, William
Speaker 1: apparently displayed nothing but sang froid in that period of stress,
Speaker 1: and were told he just sat down to a hearty breakfast,
Speaker 1: washed down with some spiced wine. End quote. One more legend,
Speaker 1: too cute, in my opinion, to be anything but apocryphal.
Speaker 1: When the ships finally reconnected and landed on the English shore,
Speaker 1: William apparently tripped and broke his fall. With his poems,
Speaker 1: the Norman poet Robert was wrote that William was quote
Speaker 1: grabbing England with both hands. Meanwhile, King Harold had defeated
Speaker 1: the Norwegian king in a particularly brutal battle at Samford Bridge,
Speaker 1: but with William's invasion, Harold had only two weeks to
Speaker 1: march his troops back down to counter the Normans. Harold
Speaker 1: and his men arrived on October thirteenth and were able
Speaker 1: to get themselves into a defensive position for William when
Speaker 1: the Normans attacked the very next morning. The Normans had
Speaker 1: archers and a cavalry, but the English had a shield
Speaker 1: wall and the advantage of a position on a hill.
Speaker 1: William sent charge after charge of cavalry riders up the hill,
Speaker 1: but no matter how fearsome his Viking descended soldiers were,
Speaker 1: the English shield wall did not break, and then after
Speaker 1: several unsuccessful charges, a rumor spread among the Normans that
Speaker 1: their leader, William was dead, killed in the fighting. One
Speaker 1: of the flanks of the Norman cavalry retreated down the
Speaker 1: hill in the confusion, and the English gleefully broke their
Speaker 1: ranks to follow them, assuming that victory was all but inevitable.
Speaker 1: But William wasn't dead, and according to the most common
Speaker 1: narrative of the battle, the narrative that was embroidered onto
Speaker 1: the famous Bayou tapestry, afterwards, William pulled off his helmet
Speaker 1: to show his face to his men. Now with the
Speaker 1: English wall broken, the Normans were able to turn their
Speaker 1: cavalry around to surround the English and begin their slaughter.
Speaker 1: King Harold was killed supposedly by an arrow through the eye,
Speaker 1: and that was that the Battle of Hastings was over
Speaker 1: and William, Duke of Normandy, had become William the Conqueror.
Speaker 1: But winning a battle wasn't going to make William the
Speaker 1: King of England just yet. He had helpfully reverse engineered
Speaker 1: his claim to the throne by having had appealed to
Speaker 1: the Pope and by reminding everyone that he was the
Speaker 1: dead king Edward's second cousin. The idea was that he
Speaker 1: was simply succeeding Edward rightfully, as opposed to how it
Speaker 1: might look, which was that he was a duke from
Speaker 1: Normandy who had led an invading force to conquer a
Speaker 1: different country. After Hastings, William knew that he needed to
Speaker 1: take London. His troops surround the city so that he
Speaker 1: would be prepared in case he needed to starve it
Speaker 1: into a surrender. But to his surprise, when he crossed
Speaker 1: the Thames into the city, he found that London's most
Speaker 1: powerful bishops and the next in the Saxon line, Edward's
Speaker 1: great nephew, were already ready to submit to him. No
Speaker 1: one was left to challenge William with any meaningful claim
Speaker 1: to the throne, and so William made the same decision
Speaker 1: that his predecessor Harold had made a quick coronation to
Speaker 1: secure his claim while he could, rather than wait for
Speaker 1: his wife Matilda to arrive in England to be crowned
Speaker 1: alongside him, or rather than waiting to campaign around England
Speaker 1: to secure the rest of the country first, William had
Speaker 1: his coronation as soon as he could, at Westminster Abbey
Speaker 1: on Christmas Day ten sixty six. The coronation was a
Speaker 1: conscious hybrid of both Anglo Saxon and Norman traditions, read
Speaker 1: in both English and French, with traditions lifted from both,
Speaker 1: but the event didn't go as smoothly as William probably hoped.
Speaker 1: He had posted knights outside of Westminster Abbey, probably to
Speaker 1: deal with anyone who thought they would take the opportunity
Speaker 1: to be an open rebel, but during the coronation itself,
Speaker 1: when the people inside the abbey were loudly proclaiming and
Speaker 1: celebrating William, the guards thought that some sort of assault
Speaker 1: was underway. Their response was to set the local houses
Speaker 1: around the abbey on fire. Because the Norman soldiers couldn't
Speaker 1: understand the local Anglo Saxons and vice versa. The scene
Speaker 1: became like something out of a grisly comedy. Almost everyone
Speaker 1: who had been at the coronation in the abbey raced
Speaker 1: outside to see what all the fuss was about. William
Speaker 1: finished the ceremony with a skeleton crew inside. The chronicler
Speaker 1: Orderic Vitalis wrote, as the fire spread rapidly through the houses,
Speaker 1: the people who had been rejoicing in the church were
Speaker 1: thrown into confusion, and a crowd of men and women
Speaker 1: of every rank and status, compelled by this disaster, rushed
Speaker 1: out of the church. Only the bishop and clergy, along
Speaker 1: with the monks, stayed terrified in front of the altar,
Speaker 1: and only just managed to complete the consecration rite over
Speaker 1: the king, who was trembling violently. Nearly everyone else ran
Speaker 1: toward the raging fire, some to fight bravely against the
Speaker 1: force of the flames, but more hoping to grab loot
Speaker 1: for themselves. Amid such great confusion, The English, believing there
Speaker 1: was a plot behind something so completely unlooked for, were
Speaker 1: extremely angry and afterward held the Normans in suspense, judging
Speaker 1: them treacherous. End quote. It was a grim omen for
Speaker 1: what the next few months of William's reign would look like.
Speaker 1: His goal was complete and utter submission, and to that
Speaker 1: end he constructed the central white tower of the Tower
Speaker 1: of London, meant to project strength and domination to the city.
Speaker 1: Williams spent the next few years dealing with rebels throughout England,
Speaker 1: crushing them with a destructive violence that shocked contemporary chroniclers.
Speaker 1: He undid the English aristocracy at the time and replaced
Speaker 1: them with Normans, and they brought with them new systems
Speaker 1: that we can identify today as the foundation for some
Speaker 1: basic government practices. Even the English language itself is a
Speaker 1: testament to William's power. Take the words we use for
Speaker 1: animals and the words we use when those animals become meat.
Speaker 1: There's swine, but there's all so pork. There's sheep, and
Speaker 1: then there's mutton. There's cows, and then there's beef. The
Speaker 1: former words swine, sheep, cow are Germanic Anglo Saxon words.
Speaker 1: The latter pork, mutton, beef are Norman French words. It
Speaker 1: was the Anglo Saxon who were the lower class farmers
Speaker 1: taking care of livestock, and the new class of Norman
Speaker 1: aristocracy who were enjoying delicacies at their table. William had
Speaker 1: not just conquered Land, he conquered the future of what
Speaker 1: England would become, remaking it in his image, clenched in
Speaker 1: his fist. That's the story of William the conquerors, well conquering.
Speaker 1: But keep listening after a brief sponsor break, to hear
Speaker 1: a little bit about his slightly gruesome ending. If William's
Speaker 1: coronation was a minor disaster, his funeral was a catastrophe.
Speaker 1: Even conquerors are humbled in death. And after William died
Speaker 1: in ten eighty seven while on a campaign outside Normandy,
Speaker 1: his body was looted and he was left bare and
Speaker 1: naked until a passing night brought his body to monks
Speaker 1: in Cayenne for burial, in an eerie echo of his coronation.
Speaker 1: Before William's body was prepared, a fire broke out nearby
Speaker 1: in town. Because of the delay in his burial, William's
Speaker 1: body became bloated and decomposed. There was a stone sarcophagus
Speaker 1: that had been commissioned for him, but William's body was
Speaker 1: simply too big. In the words of our favorite chronicler, Orderic,
Speaker 1: as they tried to, for lack of a better word,
Speaker 1: stuff him into the sarcophagus quote, the swollen bowels burst,
Speaker 1: and an intolerable stench assailed the nostrils of the bystanders
Speaker 1: and the whole crowd. An appropriately gross ending for an
Speaker 1: episode of a podcast called Noble Blood. Noble Blood is
Speaker 1: a production of iHeartRadio and Grimm and Mild from Aaron Manky.
Speaker 1: Noble Blood is created and hosted by me Dana Schwartz,
Speaker 1: with additional writing and researching by Hannah Johnston, hannah's Wick,
Speaker 1: Mira Hayward, Courtney Sender, and Lori Goodman. The show is
Speaker 1: edited and produced by Noemi Griffin and rima Il Kahali,
Speaker 1: with supervising producer Josh Thain and executive producers Aaron Manke,
Speaker 1: Alex Williams, and Matt Frederick. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio,
Speaker 1: visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen
Speaker 1: to your favorite shows.