1 00:00:00,640 --> 00:00:05,280 Speaker 1: Hi, friends. If this were to be July and you're 2 00:00:05,320 --> 00:00:07,320 Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know listener, you might be queuing up 3 00:00:07,360 --> 00:00:10,600 Speaker 1: the following episode, but it's not. It's modern times. But 4 00:00:10,680 --> 00:00:13,160 Speaker 1: I enjoyed this one, so it's my select pic. It's 5 00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:15,880 Speaker 1: all about the Terracotta Army, and it's called How the 6 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:25,320 Speaker 1: Terracotta Army Works. Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a 7 00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:34,280 Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. 8 00:00:34,280 --> 00:00:37,080 Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark with Charles w Chuck Bryant and Jerry. 9 00:00:38,520 --> 00:00:43,920 Speaker 1: We're just hanging figure. We pressed record and see what happens. Yeah. Sorry, 10 00:00:44,080 --> 00:00:49,639 Speaker 1: Terracotta Army of three not very imposing over Terracotta. Did 11 00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:51,040 Speaker 1: you go to the High Museum and see this when 12 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:53,319 Speaker 1: it was around? No? I didn't, you know, Yumi did, 13 00:00:53,360 --> 00:00:55,720 Speaker 1: and I wish I would have gone, but I did not. Yeah, 14 00:00:55,840 --> 00:00:58,800 Speaker 1: but she was quite blown away. It was awesome and 15 00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:01,600 Speaker 1: I didn't even um. I hadn't heard of it until then. 16 00:01:02,240 --> 00:01:03,680 Speaker 1: And then when I went and saw it, it was like, 17 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:06,960 Speaker 1: this is pretty amazing, what a great story, And then 18 00:01:07,240 --> 00:01:09,120 Speaker 1: I wanted to podcast about it and then just sort 19 00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:11,680 Speaker 1: of forgot and now here it is a year later 20 00:01:11,840 --> 00:01:14,920 Speaker 1: or however long. Yes, it was a while ago. Yeah, 21 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:19,760 Speaker 1: it was UM but it's still a pretty fascinating story. Yeah, 22 00:01:19,760 --> 00:01:22,880 Speaker 1: in that exhibit. If you live UM in on planet Earth, 23 00:01:24,680 --> 00:01:26,440 Speaker 1: go to the website and see where it's going to be, 24 00:01:26,440 --> 00:01:29,920 Speaker 1: because it travels around there like the Body's exhibit. Yeah, 25 00:01:29,959 --> 00:01:32,520 Speaker 1: I mean there's, uh, there's this exhibit and then I 26 00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:37,240 Speaker 1: think there's permanent UM exhibits elsewhere. There's a permanent exhibit 27 00:01:37,240 --> 00:01:40,400 Speaker 1: at the site itself, and it's pretty maybe one in London, 28 00:01:40,800 --> 00:01:45,000 Speaker 1: I'm not positive. Well, London has everything, but they do, 29 00:01:45,319 --> 00:01:47,800 Speaker 1: they do. The only thing they don't have is twelve 30 00:01:47,840 --> 00:01:52,520 Speaker 1: ounces of bears. That's yeah, because there's sixteen owns that's right, Yeah, 31 00:01:52,920 --> 00:01:54,920 Speaker 1: you don't need it. I took a trip there. I 32 00:01:54,920 --> 00:01:56,480 Speaker 1: was like, what's with all these tallboys? And they're like, 33 00:01:56,480 --> 00:02:00,920 Speaker 1: what's that? Oh? I get it now. Yeah. And it's 34 00:02:00,920 --> 00:02:02,920 Speaker 1: not like you when you go to the pub, you 35 00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:05,560 Speaker 1: don't go in for a twelve ounce or you go 36 00:02:05,640 --> 00:02:08,639 Speaker 1: for a point. Yeah, and it's an imperial point, right? 37 00:02:09,680 --> 00:02:12,320 Speaker 1: Is that more than sixteen ounces? Is that one point? 38 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:16,080 Speaker 1: Is that sixteen point nine? Is that one point nine ounces? 39 00:02:16,120 --> 00:02:19,280 Speaker 1: I'll bet it is. Jerry hold up fingers. Jerry said 40 00:02:19,280 --> 00:02:22,720 Speaker 1: twenty ounces is an imperial point, So I was wrong. 41 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:25,280 Speaker 1: Sixteen is a standard point. Are you sure it's not 42 00:02:25,400 --> 00:02:28,760 Speaker 1: twenty five, Jerry. That's called a double doucee. That's called 43 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:34,760 Speaker 1: the core's double doucee. Double deuce is technically why because 44 00:02:34,760 --> 00:02:37,080 Speaker 1: the twelve is a single? Right? No, but a double 45 00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:41,000 Speaker 1: I thought double juice just meant we're gonna put two 46 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:45,839 Speaker 1: beers into one can. That's the double double beer. What 47 00:02:45,840 --> 00:02:47,639 Speaker 1: what are we talking about today? I don't know. I'm 48 00:02:47,639 --> 00:02:50,079 Speaker 1: thirsty all of a sudden, though. You want a beer. 49 00:02:50,200 --> 00:02:52,320 Speaker 1: It's Friday. I love a beer. Let me just reach 50 00:02:52,360 --> 00:02:57,440 Speaker 1: into my bag. Here, you're your cooler bag, carry around 51 00:02:57,480 --> 00:03:00,280 Speaker 1: like a purse. I wish man, that'd be fun, cooler 52 00:03:00,320 --> 00:03:02,959 Speaker 1: Fannie pack drinking on the job like it's a nineteen 53 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:08,240 Speaker 1: fifties Ye alright, let's get serious, buddy, okay, Chuck. On 54 00:03:08,280 --> 00:03:13,040 Speaker 1: the morning of March seven, farmers set out to dig 55 00:03:13,040 --> 00:03:16,720 Speaker 1: a well, so begins the article on how Stuff Works 56 00:03:16,720 --> 00:03:20,320 Speaker 1: dot Com. Yes, but it also begins this story A 57 00:03:20,360 --> 00:03:23,400 Speaker 1: pretty amazing story. Actually, yeah, it's it's awesome. This was 58 00:03:23,440 --> 00:03:28,960 Speaker 1: in the Chinese village of Good Look ug oh, that 59 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:31,080 Speaker 1: was pretty good. That's what I'm gonna say, um, And 60 00:03:31,080 --> 00:03:34,800 Speaker 1: they were digging for water and got down about thirteen 61 00:03:34,840 --> 00:03:39,160 Speaker 1: feet and hit something hard and dug up a terra 62 00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:44,600 Speaker 1: cotta face and head, and we're like, exactly, they're probably 63 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:48,240 Speaker 1: whoa yeah or whatever the Chinese expression for what would 64 00:03:48,280 --> 00:03:52,800 Speaker 1: be what was kind of universal? Okay, I'm curious we 65 00:03:52,880 --> 00:03:54,880 Speaker 1: do have We found out we're not banned in China, 66 00:03:54,920 --> 00:03:56,840 Speaker 1: by the way, Yeah, so hello to all of our 67 00:03:56,880 --> 00:03:59,960 Speaker 1: listeners out there in China. Um, and will you let 68 00:04:00,080 --> 00:04:02,760 Speaker 1: us know what woe was in Chinese? Yeah? I think 69 00:04:02,760 --> 00:04:06,640 Speaker 1: we should do a show sometime on universal uh sounds Yeah, 70 00:04:06,920 --> 00:04:10,280 Speaker 1: like UM have heard different um or read different things 71 00:04:10,320 --> 00:04:14,600 Speaker 1: about how people laugh in different countries and people remark 72 00:04:14,680 --> 00:04:19,160 Speaker 1: of of of affirmation or decline something like, I think 73 00:04:19,160 --> 00:04:23,320 Speaker 1: it'd be really interesting. Yeah. They're called idioms, right, is 74 00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:26,120 Speaker 1: that what it is? Like? Here we might go huh, 75 00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:31,159 Speaker 1: but somewhere else they might go what else? I don't know. 76 00:04:32,360 --> 00:04:35,839 Speaker 1: We got we have focus here, terracotta army. Yes. Um. 77 00:04:35,920 --> 00:04:39,920 Speaker 1: So they alerted the government like any good UM citizens should, 78 00:04:40,120 --> 00:04:42,240 Speaker 1: and said, hey, I think we have something here you 79 00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:44,719 Speaker 1: should come look at. Yeah. Because when they dug down 80 00:04:44,720 --> 00:04:47,760 Speaker 1: a little more and they found shards of the same 81 00:04:47,800 --> 00:04:51,400 Speaker 1: type of pottery, and a lot of it in kind 82 00:04:51,400 --> 00:04:54,440 Speaker 1: of vague human form. And that's when they're like, there's 83 00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:57,400 Speaker 1: something weird going on here, So let's contact the authorities. 84 00:04:57,800 --> 00:05:01,960 Speaker 1: And the authorities said archaeologists away and sent them out 85 00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:04,760 Speaker 1: to the site. Because it was nineteen seventy four, they said, hey, 86 00:05:04,839 --> 00:05:08,719 Speaker 1: let's contact the Chinese government right away. That's right. I 87 00:05:08,720 --> 00:05:12,719 Speaker 1: don't know if that would happen today. Uh the Chinese people, 88 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:16,160 Speaker 1: you think, I don't know. It depends on who they are. 89 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:19,240 Speaker 1: I would guess they probably were more likely to in 90 00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:22,800 Speaker 1: seventy four than today. All right, So what they knew 91 00:05:23,080 --> 00:05:26,720 Speaker 1: the the government and experts and archaeologists said, well, hold 92 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:29,480 Speaker 1: on a minute, you guys are digging near the burial 93 00:05:29,520 --> 00:05:34,960 Speaker 1: ground of Chin sure Hondi and Um he was the 94 00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:39,360 Speaker 1: first emperor of China and he had a huge mausoleum, 95 00:05:39,400 --> 00:05:41,680 Speaker 1: and I bet you anything that's what you guys have found. 96 00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:44,840 Speaker 1: And uh, it turns out they were right. The archaeologist 97 00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:50,719 Speaker 1: so Um. The legend had it that Um Chin sure Huangdi, 98 00:05:51,040 --> 00:05:56,520 Speaker 1: China's first emperor, Um had himself built a pretty awesome mausoleum. 99 00:05:56,760 --> 00:05:58,200 Speaker 1: As a matter of fact, you couldn't even call it 100 00:05:58,200 --> 00:06:01,000 Speaker 1: a mausoleum. It was called a funerary complex. It was 101 00:06:01,080 --> 00:06:04,400 Speaker 1: so massive. But as they started to dig and get 102 00:06:04,440 --> 00:06:06,960 Speaker 1: further and further along in this excavation, which they have 103 00:06:07,040 --> 00:06:12,039 Speaker 1: still not even and come close to completing, from something, yeah, 104 00:06:12,080 --> 00:06:17,039 Speaker 1: it's the size of Manhattan, the size of Manhattan, his 105 00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:21,640 Speaker 1: his mausoleum um, they started to realize, like it's even 106 00:06:21,680 --> 00:06:24,200 Speaker 1: bigger than we ever thought. Like it wasn't lost. They 107 00:06:24,279 --> 00:06:27,000 Speaker 1: knew that he was buried somewhere around this area. It 108 00:06:27,120 --> 00:06:31,960 Speaker 1: was just you don't go digging up emperor's tombs. But 109 00:06:32,320 --> 00:06:35,720 Speaker 1: these these farmers had found something pretty interesting and it 110 00:06:35,800 --> 00:06:38,280 Speaker 1: was enough to get the archaeologists over that, and they 111 00:06:38,320 --> 00:06:41,240 Speaker 1: started to dig. And they still have yet to excavate 112 00:06:41,920 --> 00:06:45,520 Speaker 1: Cheen's tomb, his actual tomb where he's buried, and we'll 113 00:06:45,520 --> 00:06:48,040 Speaker 1: talk about that later. But when they started dig, they 114 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:50,600 Speaker 1: started to reveal like more and more of these terra 115 00:06:50,640 --> 00:06:53,560 Speaker 1: cotta figures, and they would stumble upon one room. At 116 00:06:53,600 --> 00:06:56,839 Speaker 1: first they stumbled upon a room and they found chuck, 117 00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:00,880 Speaker 1: like six thousand of these things of infantry in all 118 00:07:00,920 --> 00:07:04,440 Speaker 1: standing at the ready, all larger than life. They were 119 00:07:04,440 --> 00:07:06,720 Speaker 1: about six to six and a half feet tall. That's 120 00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:11,880 Speaker 1: including the base. Yeah, all made of terra cotta. Um, crossbows, 121 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:15,720 Speaker 1: finger on the trigger, um, dudes on horses. Well, those 122 00:07:15,760 --> 00:07:18,160 Speaker 1: are in separate rooms. So first room was like six 123 00:07:18,200 --> 00:07:22,040 Speaker 1: thousand infant freemen. It was lined up like a information 124 00:07:22,120 --> 00:07:24,680 Speaker 1: information would be lined up. Then there was another room 125 00:07:24,720 --> 00:07:29,320 Speaker 1: that had like specialists like cavalry, got archers with crossbows, 126 00:07:29,480 --> 00:07:33,320 Speaker 1: blow darters yeah. Um. And then there was a third 127 00:07:33,400 --> 00:07:36,320 Speaker 1: room that had I think eighties six like commanders. It 128 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:39,720 Speaker 1: was like the command room. So basically what they revealed 129 00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:45,840 Speaker 1: was this terra cotta army information in this guy's grave, yes, 130 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:49,200 Speaker 1: with the idea that, um, he wanted protection in the 131 00:07:49,240 --> 00:07:54,280 Speaker 1: afterlife because he was one of the great jerks of 132 00:07:54,320 --> 00:07:58,360 Speaker 1: world history. He really Yeah, he was terrible. He was 133 00:07:58,400 --> 00:08:01,640 Speaker 1: a tyrant, for sure. He was a He perhaps was 134 00:08:01,680 --> 00:08:04,160 Speaker 1: responsible for the deaths of more than one million of 135 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:11,040 Speaker 1: his citizens. He also, though, got things done. Yeah, let's 136 00:08:11,040 --> 00:08:14,480 Speaker 1: talk about the guy. Okay. So he was the first emperor. 137 00:08:14,560 --> 00:08:19,400 Speaker 1: Before him, China had seven kingdoms, and um in four 138 00:08:19,560 --> 00:08:22,400 Speaker 1: eighty one, all these kingdoms said, you know what, I 139 00:08:22,440 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: want to be the main kingdom. So it started what 140 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:27,920 Speaker 1: was called the Warring States, the era of battling for 141 00:08:28,360 --> 00:08:31,800 Speaker 1: land and superiority. And I saw this really neat documentary 142 00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:38,640 Speaker 1: on that geo I think called China's Ghost Army. I 143 00:08:38,679 --> 00:08:40,720 Speaker 1: think it's what's called. I posted a link on our 144 00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:44,000 Speaker 1: on our podcast page for this episode. Totally worth watching. 145 00:08:44,080 --> 00:08:47,520 Speaker 1: It's like an hour. But they say that UM before this, 146 00:08:47,679 --> 00:08:52,120 Speaker 1: prior to this Warring States era, when an emperor died 147 00:08:52,360 --> 00:08:58,480 Speaker 1: in chen the chen Um Kingdom, Uh, they would kill 148 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:02,920 Speaker 1: the whole court, hundreds of people would be buried alive 149 00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:07,480 Speaker 1: with the emperor. And then this Warring States, these battles 150 00:09:07,520 --> 00:09:11,839 Speaker 1: and wars were so significant as far as casualties went. 151 00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:14,839 Speaker 1: There like, we can't do that anymore, we need them 152 00:09:14,840 --> 00:09:17,920 Speaker 1: to go fight in the wars. So they stopped that tradition. 153 00:09:17,920 --> 00:09:20,840 Speaker 1: But it was because of this Um the Warring States 154 00:09:20,840 --> 00:09:25,280 Speaker 1: era interesting and that can you imagine like two people 155 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:28,840 Speaker 1: just being mass buried alive together because the emperor died, 156 00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:33,000 Speaker 1: I can't imagine. So let's get back to this jerk 157 00:09:33,880 --> 00:09:40,280 Speaker 1: cheen He Uh He overtook and basically was the first emperor. 158 00:09:40,920 --> 00:09:44,840 Speaker 1: Uh forced people to be in the army, built up 159 00:09:44,880 --> 00:09:48,880 Speaker 1: a huge army UM. He relocated in his first year 160 00:09:48,960 --> 00:09:51,800 Speaker 1: about a hundred and twenty thousand families. And that's like 161 00:09:52,080 --> 00:09:55,000 Speaker 1: Stalin did that same thing. It's like, you can't have 162 00:09:55,160 --> 00:09:58,800 Speaker 1: ethnic unity and then that kind of collective thought and 163 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:02,400 Speaker 1: then potentially an upper rising if you break up that 164 00:10:02,480 --> 00:10:05,600 Speaker 1: kind of ethnic bonds by basically bussing people in and 165 00:10:05,600 --> 00:10:07,720 Speaker 1: out of different areas. Yeah, it makes sense, but this 166 00:10:07,760 --> 00:10:11,040 Speaker 1: guy was doing it like um, a couple like about 167 00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:14,960 Speaker 1: two thousand years before stalling crazy. He burned all the books, 168 00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:18,319 Speaker 1: he burned all the writings. Uh. Scholars that didn't jibe 169 00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:22,640 Speaker 1: with his line of thought were buried alive or beheaded. Yeah. 170 00:10:22,679 --> 00:10:26,600 Speaker 1: He was a piece of garbage and he was terrible. Um. 171 00:10:26,640 --> 00:10:30,840 Speaker 1: He assembled a workforce of a million men to build 172 00:10:31,320 --> 00:10:35,080 Speaker 1: about five thousand miles of roads, um. And the Great 173 00:10:35,080 --> 00:10:37,520 Speaker 1: Wall of China. Yeah, the first Great Wall of China. 174 00:10:37,679 --> 00:10:39,920 Speaker 1: So while he said he was a jerk, he made 175 00:10:39,920 --> 00:10:42,000 Speaker 1: a point. He got things done. I mean he he 176 00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:48,120 Speaker 1: got a monetary system that was unified. Yeah. He also 177 00:10:48,240 --> 00:10:54,400 Speaker 1: unified weights and measurements. Um. He unified China from seven 178 00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:57,600 Speaker 1: kingdoms into one country. And it's still that way today 179 00:10:57,640 --> 00:11:00,760 Speaker 1: two thousand years later. And if you've noticed the similarity 180 00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:04,040 Speaker 1: between Chin and China, that's because the country is named 181 00:11:04,040 --> 00:11:07,360 Speaker 1: after him, so he got things done. Vital figure in 182 00:11:07,440 --> 00:11:12,480 Speaker 1: China's history, but he did a brutal, brutal, controlling, murderous dictator. Right. 183 00:11:12,480 --> 00:11:16,040 Speaker 1: He wasn't asking, And he also had a really conflated 184 00:11:16,400 --> 00:11:20,520 Speaker 1: view of his the empire that he'd put together. And 185 00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:23,199 Speaker 1: you can see this apparently in the money that he minted. 186 00:11:23,240 --> 00:11:27,000 Speaker 1: Like he there were different regions that he conquered had 187 00:11:27,040 --> 00:11:29,200 Speaker 1: different kinds of money, so he did create like a 188 00:11:29,240 --> 00:11:32,800 Speaker 1: single monetary system. I think you said, um, and that 189 00:11:32,800 --> 00:11:36,640 Speaker 1: that money was square shaped with a hole in the center, 190 00:11:36,800 --> 00:11:38,760 Speaker 1: so kind of like a square donut. The band Liang 191 00:11:38,840 --> 00:11:43,319 Speaker 1: coin and that coin at the time in ancient China, 192 00:11:43,520 --> 00:11:47,800 Speaker 1: um the square represented the earth and the circle represented 193 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:51,120 Speaker 1: the sky or the heavens. And so what he was 194 00:11:51,160 --> 00:11:54,400 Speaker 1: saying is that this earth, my empire, is even greater 195 00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:58,160 Speaker 1: than the heavens that surround the earth. That's how how 196 00:11:58,720 --> 00:12:01,040 Speaker 1: good I'm feeling about my off right now? He felt 197 00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:04,199 Speaker 1: pretty good, but he was parah annoyed, and I think 198 00:12:04,240 --> 00:12:06,800 Speaker 1: that usually comes when you're on top and you get 199 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:10,200 Speaker 1: there by any means necessary, you're gonna be watching your 200 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:13,720 Speaker 1: back your whole life. Um. Specifically, he came from the 201 00:12:13,720 --> 00:12:17,800 Speaker 1: west and conquered eastward. So when he was buried, he 202 00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:21,800 Speaker 1: had the terra Cotta army facing east to protect him 203 00:12:21,840 --> 00:12:24,200 Speaker 1: because of all the badness he had done. And this 204 00:12:24,280 --> 00:12:28,400 Speaker 1: is after he had killed hundreds of scientists that he 205 00:12:28,600 --> 00:12:31,560 Speaker 1: commissioned to try and prolong his life. Yeah, so we 206 00:12:31,679 --> 00:12:34,800 Speaker 1: talked about him actually in the Bizarre Medical Treatments episode. 207 00:12:34,840 --> 00:12:39,240 Speaker 1: I think without realizing it, that um, he at the 208 00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:42,480 Speaker 1: back in the day at the time they believe mercury 209 00:12:42,640 --> 00:12:48,920 Speaker 1: had some sort of like life enhancing or immortality bestowing properties, 210 00:12:49,280 --> 00:12:52,280 Speaker 1: and he would take mercury pill. I think that that's 211 00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:57,840 Speaker 1: ironically what killed him. Um. But he in addition to mercury, 212 00:12:57,880 --> 00:13:00,480 Speaker 1: he sent out people to like find Fountain of Youth 213 00:13:00,559 --> 00:13:04,720 Speaker 1: or whatever was the Chinese legend version of that. Um. 214 00:13:04,760 --> 00:13:09,840 Speaker 1: He was obsessed with remaining alive and simultaneously, like you said, 215 00:13:09,880 --> 00:13:12,800 Speaker 1: totally paranoid with dying. So he must have been a 216 00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:18,440 Speaker 1: very tormented person. Yeah, he killed. Hum. Doctors and scientists 217 00:13:18,480 --> 00:13:21,439 Speaker 1: were killed who could not come up with a way 218 00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:26,520 Speaker 1: to make him immortal and again buried alive or beheaded. O. Great. 219 00:13:26,880 --> 00:13:30,559 Speaker 1: Not a good guy. UM, all right, you want to 220 00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:34,360 Speaker 1: take a break here and talk more about the terracotta army. Yes, sorry, 221 00:13:55,520 --> 00:13:59,520 Speaker 1: so chuck, Um, when we uh, we were talking about 222 00:13:59,559 --> 00:14:01,360 Speaker 1: this guy, think you're paying it a pretty good picture 223 00:14:01,400 --> 00:14:04,760 Speaker 1: of him. I guess he comes to either he comes 224 00:14:04,800 --> 00:14:06,720 Speaker 1: to grip with the idea that he's going to die, 225 00:14:06,840 --> 00:14:10,480 Speaker 1: because at the time, like he's trying to chase immortality, 226 00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:15,520 Speaker 1: he's concocting um like a huge burial massoleum for himself. 227 00:14:16,440 --> 00:14:18,480 Speaker 1: I guess, hedging his bets in case he does die. 228 00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:21,960 Speaker 1: But by this time, like Confucius and other scholars in 229 00:14:22,040 --> 00:14:26,520 Speaker 1: China had basically like philosophically debunked the idea of life 230 00:14:26,520 --> 00:14:31,040 Speaker 1: after death. So this man was utterly crazy by his 231 00:14:31,160 --> 00:14:36,160 Speaker 1: contemporary standards. Um, And that kind of shows if you 232 00:14:36,160 --> 00:14:39,320 Speaker 1: step back and really think about the attitude and the 233 00:14:39,360 --> 00:14:42,840 Speaker 1: mentality behind what he was doing. But he at some 234 00:14:42,920 --> 00:14:45,080 Speaker 1: point either came to grips with the factors he was 235 00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:47,160 Speaker 1: gonna die, or he was just hedging his bets and 236 00:14:47,200 --> 00:14:49,480 Speaker 1: thought he was going to remain immortal. But just in case, 237 00:14:50,040 --> 00:14:54,080 Speaker 1: let me have this incredible grand funerary complex created, and 238 00:14:54,280 --> 00:14:57,000 Speaker 1: let's build a terra Cotta army to protect me in 239 00:14:57,040 --> 00:14:59,760 Speaker 1: the afterlife. Yeah, it's really neat to look at the 240 00:14:59,840 --> 00:15:03,600 Speaker 1: terr Kotta army. Now is art, but it's eight thousand soldiers. 241 00:15:03,640 --> 00:15:08,200 Speaker 1: Like this guy was clearly cuckoo. He was off his rocker. Yeah, 242 00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:11,240 Speaker 1: he was a bad man. He was a bad man. Alright. 243 00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:14,440 Speaker 1: So shall we start with the army. Yes, let's because 244 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:16,880 Speaker 1: it's not all that was that he had commission. But 245 00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:20,440 Speaker 1: the armies are very it's pretty significant. It is significant. Um, 246 00:15:20,480 --> 00:15:22,920 Speaker 1: Like you said, they are in formation. So the front 247 00:15:23,040 --> 00:15:27,600 Speaker 1: dudes are Um, they're kneeling down their bowmen and they 248 00:15:27,600 --> 00:15:30,040 Speaker 1: were famous the armies they had then, and this is 249 00:15:30,040 --> 00:15:32,200 Speaker 1: one of the reasons he took over. They figured out 250 00:15:32,240 --> 00:15:34,120 Speaker 1: the crossbow, and they figured out how to shoot while 251 00:15:34,200 --> 00:15:37,520 Speaker 1: riding a horse, and that was basically all she wrote. Yeah, 252 00:15:37,560 --> 00:15:41,440 Speaker 1: everybody else is like your mother. Yeah, like down here 253 00:15:41,560 --> 00:15:43,840 Speaker 1: with a sword on the ground and you're shooting at 254 00:15:43,880 --> 00:15:46,680 Speaker 1: me from twenty ft away with some weird metallic bolt. 255 00:15:47,600 --> 00:15:52,080 Speaker 1: I guess not metallic, but wouldn't. Yeah, they weren't forging 256 00:15:52,080 --> 00:15:56,040 Speaker 1: steel back then. I wonder when they did start. I 257 00:15:56,040 --> 00:15:58,760 Speaker 1: don't know. It sounds like a podcast it does how 258 00:15:58,840 --> 00:16:01,440 Speaker 1: steel works. Yeah, it would be a good one. I 259 00:16:01,480 --> 00:16:04,680 Speaker 1: could see that. Um. So you have these bowmen, they 260 00:16:04,680 --> 00:16:07,960 Speaker 1: have on their armor. Um, their fingers on the trigger 261 00:16:08,560 --> 00:16:13,120 Speaker 1: there incredibly detailed down to the soles of their feet. Yeah, 262 00:16:13,160 --> 00:16:15,520 Speaker 1: they have their shoes they're wearing have like tread marks 263 00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:18,680 Speaker 1: on the bottom. So they took great pride, these artists, 264 00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:21,680 Speaker 1: clearly because they probably didn't want to get killed, because 265 00:16:21,680 --> 00:16:24,320 Speaker 1: each of them had to sign in case there was 266 00:16:24,360 --> 00:16:26,000 Speaker 1: a flaw, it could be traced back to who built 267 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:28,880 Speaker 1: this one. Yeah, that they were killed if they didn't 268 00:16:28,880 --> 00:16:31,480 Speaker 1: like it. They most decidedly were. There were eighty three. 269 00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:35,400 Speaker 1: They found the stamps, which were ultimately the signatures of 270 00:16:35,480 --> 00:16:39,440 Speaker 1: eighty three different foreman, and each foreman had a team 271 00:16:39,440 --> 00:16:42,160 Speaker 1: of apprentices working under him, and the reason that they 272 00:16:42,160 --> 00:16:44,000 Speaker 1: did assign those stamps was so that he could have 273 00:16:44,120 --> 00:16:47,520 Speaker 1: them killed if he didn't like how slow work was progressing, 274 00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:51,720 Speaker 1: if he didn't like what it looked like. Um. And 275 00:16:51,760 --> 00:16:54,440 Speaker 1: at first, chuck, they were like, well, this is clearly 276 00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:57,040 Speaker 1: they just set up an assembly line. Molds were known 277 00:16:57,080 --> 00:17:00,720 Speaker 1: to the Chinese back then, and um, that's the only 278 00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:04,800 Speaker 1: way you could possibly create seven thousand figures from a 279 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:07,840 Speaker 1: terra cotta army. And they found that yes, actually the 280 00:17:07,880 --> 00:17:12,040 Speaker 1: heads were um created through molds. I think that arms 281 00:17:12,040 --> 00:17:14,120 Speaker 1: were and stuff like that, but the bulk of them 282 00:17:14,640 --> 00:17:18,760 Speaker 1: were created by this thing called coiling. Okay, so what 283 00:17:18,920 --> 00:17:22,000 Speaker 1: is that like three D printing? Very much so. Actually 284 00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:26,040 Speaker 1: they take clay and hammer until it's soft impliable, and 285 00:17:26,080 --> 00:17:28,960 Speaker 1: then you wrap it in like a rope around it, 286 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:33,160 Speaker 1: and then you mold it. And the thing it really 287 00:17:33,200 --> 00:17:36,280 Speaker 1: took these there's people who are recreating it to try 288 00:17:36,320 --> 00:17:39,240 Speaker 1: to figure out how they did it, and they've examined 289 00:17:39,280 --> 00:17:41,439 Speaker 1: like broken pieces so they can see the inside and 290 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:44,879 Speaker 1: they can see the coiling evidence very clearly, and they're like, 291 00:17:45,920 --> 00:17:49,640 Speaker 1: it doesn't make any sense, Like you can't quickly make 292 00:17:50,400 --> 00:17:53,960 Speaker 1: um all these figures in an efficient way by coiling? 293 00:17:54,040 --> 00:17:57,199 Speaker 1: Why would they not just use molds? And finally somebody realized, 294 00:17:57,240 --> 00:18:00,840 Speaker 1: like this emperor was a bloodthirsty tie right, he didn't 295 00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:06,240 Speaker 1: care about efficiency. He cared about differences distinctions. So while 296 00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:08,879 Speaker 1: so while the heads, just the actual shape of the 297 00:18:08,920 --> 00:18:13,720 Speaker 1: heads were made in molds, the bodies were made by hand, 298 00:18:14,040 --> 00:18:17,280 Speaker 1: each one through this coiling method. So where you could 299 00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:19,960 Speaker 1: make like a molded body and maybe a week, it 300 00:18:19,960 --> 00:18:24,560 Speaker 1: would take a month to do one body by coiling. 301 00:18:24,840 --> 00:18:27,439 Speaker 1: And that's what they were doing because he wanted them different. 302 00:18:27,600 --> 00:18:30,480 Speaker 1: That's crazy. Yeah, he just didn't want to carbon carbon 303 00:18:30,520 --> 00:18:34,639 Speaker 1: copies soldiers exactly. So each one of these the body 304 00:18:34,760 --> 00:18:38,560 Speaker 1: was made by hand through this incredibly intensive coiling method. 305 00:18:38,880 --> 00:18:41,000 Speaker 1: So they're starting from the ground up obviously with the 306 00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:44,240 Speaker 1: base and then coiling their way up. The legs then 307 00:18:44,280 --> 00:18:48,080 Speaker 1: were molded and affixed, uh, as well as the arms 308 00:18:48,080 --> 00:18:50,840 Speaker 1: and torsos. No, not the torsos, not the torso No, 309 00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:55,280 Speaker 1: that's not right. Um okay, gotcha. But then the heads, 310 00:18:55,320 --> 00:18:58,199 Speaker 1: they said they found eight different head molds. Yes, and 311 00:18:58,240 --> 00:19:01,360 Speaker 1: that's just the big mold, not the right. The faces 312 00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:06,640 Speaker 1: were done by hand individually as well, right, each face. Yeah. 313 00:19:06,760 --> 00:19:09,760 Speaker 1: The hair and expressions, yeah yeah, and the hair uh. 314 00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:12,400 Speaker 1: You know, warriors who had had the most kills had 315 00:19:12,880 --> 00:19:17,680 Speaker 1: longer hair and a bigger up right bigger bee high 316 00:19:17,880 --> 00:19:20,600 Speaker 1: and um, so they would you know, they took great 317 00:19:20,600 --> 00:19:24,359 Speaker 1: care into making you know, the the most revered soldiers 318 00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:27,920 Speaker 1: have their hair matched as it should, basically as realistic 319 00:19:27,920 --> 00:19:31,280 Speaker 1: as they could. Yeah. Like around, if you're just an infantryman, 320 00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:33,480 Speaker 1: you'd be wearing like one of one of those beanies, 321 00:19:33,880 --> 00:19:37,480 Speaker 1: a beanie hat probably, um, with maybe like your bund 322 00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:40,359 Speaker 1: just kind of sticking up off to the side. Underneath, 323 00:19:40,680 --> 00:19:42,800 Speaker 1: if you're a general, you might be wearing a huge 324 00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:46,240 Speaker 1: hat with a pheasant feather and a bow tying the 325 00:19:46,240 --> 00:19:50,040 Speaker 1: whole thing underneath you. Pretty fancy, Yeah, very fancy. So 326 00:19:50,080 --> 00:19:54,080 Speaker 1: these things were incredibly detailed. They weren't like a knockoff 327 00:19:54,720 --> 00:20:00,280 Speaker 1: Star Wars figure that you would find in bulk Area 328 00:20:00,359 --> 00:20:03,960 Speaker 1: or something like that, you know, or China. Yeah, sure, 329 00:20:04,400 --> 00:20:06,840 Speaker 1: that was way more appropriate than Bulgaria. They probably make 330 00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:11,280 Speaker 1: the real thing too. Um. Yeah, these were very detailed. 331 00:20:11,560 --> 00:20:14,480 Speaker 1: Not you know, you wouldn't want to say lifelike. They're 332 00:20:14,520 --> 00:20:19,240 Speaker 1: still artistic slightly, but they were pretty detailed still. Yeah, 333 00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:21,960 Speaker 1: and they the ones you see now when they see 334 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:24,160 Speaker 1: him in the museum or you look it up on Google. Um, 335 00:20:24,240 --> 00:20:27,080 Speaker 1: they are not colored, but that is because of humidity 336 00:20:27,119 --> 00:20:29,960 Speaker 1: and time. But um, originally they fired him in the 337 00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:32,520 Speaker 1: killing and they painted and lacquered them as well. That's right. 338 00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:35,359 Speaker 1: I'd love to see those. Look at watch that National 339 00:20:35,440 --> 00:20:39,040 Speaker 1: Geographic thing. They've redone one in the original colors that 340 00:20:39,080 --> 00:20:43,080 Speaker 1: they think, and they're almost garish. They're so different like 341 00:20:43,240 --> 00:20:50,240 Speaker 1: colorful wise and um, lots of surprising lavenders and blues 342 00:20:50,359 --> 00:20:54,480 Speaker 1: and purples and things, reds, colors used to be way 343 00:20:54,480 --> 00:21:00,560 Speaker 1: more garish. Um, but so okay. They were doing some 344 00:21:00,680 --> 00:21:04,440 Speaker 1: assembly line stuff. Most of the bulk of it, though, 345 00:21:04,520 --> 00:21:08,960 Speaker 1: was coiled by hand. The faces, the hair all done 346 00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:13,000 Speaker 1: by hand, and then each one was painted by hand 347 00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:19,640 Speaker 1: and then given a coat of lacquer. That's insane. It's 348 00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:22,360 Speaker 1: insane that the Sky would have had an assembly line 349 00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:26,199 Speaker 1: of seven thousand of these things built and unpainted. But 350 00:21:26,280 --> 00:21:29,639 Speaker 1: he didn't. He went even more detailed. And apparently also 351 00:21:29,880 --> 00:21:32,560 Speaker 1: I learned from that documentary at the time lacquer was 352 00:21:32,600 --> 00:21:37,800 Speaker 1: an extremely expensive um product and he was using it 353 00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:41,480 Speaker 1: on his terra cottas soldiers. It still ain't cheap, uh, 354 00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:43,959 Speaker 1: And that they there wasn't just the soldiers, there were 355 00:21:43,960 --> 00:21:48,359 Speaker 1: also um some Uh. There was a strong man in 356 00:21:48,400 --> 00:21:51,320 Speaker 1: another room and some what do you call him that 357 00:21:51,400 --> 00:21:54,840 Speaker 1: circus performers, Yeah, acrobats. And I looked up the strong 358 00:21:54,920 --> 00:21:56,639 Speaker 1: man and he was noted for the detail of his 359 00:21:56,720 --> 00:21:59,280 Speaker 1: biceps and he had a gut, he did, he had 360 00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:02,200 Speaker 1: a gut and some my guns, yeah, cutting guns. He's 361 00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:05,800 Speaker 1: missing his head right, Yeah, I didn't see a head. Yeah, 362 00:22:05,840 --> 00:22:09,119 Speaker 1: but yeah, he's got he's a big boy. He's like um, 363 00:22:09,119 --> 00:22:11,800 Speaker 1: he was built like Andre the Giant, Yeah kind of 364 00:22:12,440 --> 00:22:14,440 Speaker 1: all right, you want to take another little rest here, 365 00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:18,439 Speaker 1: We'll take a quick napa and then I'll let you 366 00:22:18,480 --> 00:22:47,320 Speaker 1: awake very gently. All right, We'll we'll finish up. What up, buddy, huh, 367 00:22:47,520 --> 00:22:51,560 Speaker 1: it's time to finish the terracott army. Oh man, oh, 368 00:22:51,640 --> 00:22:55,040 Speaker 1: I got like crusted in my eyes. Look at you. Okay, 369 00:22:55,080 --> 00:22:59,000 Speaker 1: I'm back, Chuck, Okay. So Geen wasn't the only ruler 370 00:22:59,080 --> 00:23:04,440 Speaker 1: to do this, right, No, he wasn't. Who else did it? Well? 371 00:23:04,480 --> 00:23:07,760 Speaker 1: Do you remember in our Pyramids episode, although it hasn't 372 00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:10,080 Speaker 1: come out yet, no one will know what I'm talking about, 373 00:23:10,080 --> 00:23:14,480 Speaker 1: but you will eventually. Um, we talked about how the 374 00:23:14,480 --> 00:23:18,040 Speaker 1: the Pyramid of Cufu was the pinnacle of pyramid building 375 00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:22,200 Speaker 1: in dynastic Egypt, and then the pyramids got smaller because 376 00:23:22,320 --> 00:23:26,200 Speaker 1: the rulers um cred I guess went down as people 377 00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:28,720 Speaker 1: started to worship the Sun instead. Great point that I 378 00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:32,200 Speaker 1: had never considered. Very similar thing happened in China as 379 00:23:32,680 --> 00:23:36,440 Speaker 1: people as the well. The Ching dynasty only lasted for 380 00:23:36,480 --> 00:23:40,919 Speaker 1: another four years after Cheen sure huangdi um died, and 381 00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:44,440 Speaker 1: then the Han dynasty started, and the Hans apparently had 382 00:23:45,320 --> 00:23:49,879 Speaker 1: much um easier hand with their subjects, and so as 383 00:23:49,880 --> 00:23:53,080 Speaker 1: a result, even though they had terracotta armies buried with them, 384 00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:55,639 Speaker 1: they were like a third to a sixth of the 385 00:23:55,760 --> 00:23:59,560 Speaker 1: size of Cheen's terracotta army. And they take that as 386 00:23:59,600 --> 00:24:04,040 Speaker 1: a sign and that this um might empower over people. 387 00:24:04,720 --> 00:24:09,639 Speaker 1: Um had diminished tremendously. Yeah, I think it was symbolic 388 00:24:09,720 --> 00:24:14,239 Speaker 1: of a kinder Um regime UM and one that was 389 00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:18,800 Speaker 1: not also booby trapped with like very much like Raiders 390 00:24:18,800 --> 00:24:22,679 Speaker 1: of the Lost Arc. Apparently Cheens to him or the 391 00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:25,919 Speaker 1: whole complex was booby trapped with like blow darts and 392 00:24:25,960 --> 00:24:31,120 Speaker 1: stuff ready to go ye, and also we did we um. 393 00:24:31,200 --> 00:24:33,439 Speaker 1: One of the reasons why this thing was booby trapped 394 00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:37,159 Speaker 1: was to prevent looters. Because remember there's a historian that 395 00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:39,280 Speaker 1: was that came along not too long after. He's a 396 00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:42,000 Speaker 1: part of the early Han dynasty. From what I understand, 397 00:24:42,119 --> 00:24:47,919 Speaker 1: his name is Sema kion Um, and Seema Kian is 398 00:24:47,960 --> 00:24:51,600 Speaker 1: the one who first described cheens mausoleum. And one of 399 00:24:51,640 --> 00:24:54,520 Speaker 1: the things he described is that Um on the ceiling 400 00:24:54,640 --> 00:24:58,439 Speaker 1: was a constellation made of pearls and gems. Mountains had 401 00:24:58,480 --> 00:25:02,880 Speaker 1: been chiseled out of gold and that um that Cheen's 402 00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:06,200 Speaker 1: tomb itself was surrounded by a river of mercury. Because 403 00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:10,920 Speaker 1: remember again, since they said that um it bestowed immortality, 404 00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:14,400 Speaker 1: and from what I understand, a lot of what Sima 405 00:25:14,520 --> 00:25:18,880 Speaker 1: Kian was talking about a writing has been proven correct. 406 00:25:19,680 --> 00:25:22,119 Speaker 1: So um. And they've also found that in the soil 407 00:25:22,280 --> 00:25:26,320 Speaker 1: around Chion's tomb where they think he's buried, there's higher 408 00:25:26,359 --> 00:25:31,040 Speaker 1: than unusually high mercury levels, like super high. Yeah, so 409 00:25:31,080 --> 00:25:34,560 Speaker 1: they think like, yeah, these crazy people buried him around 410 00:25:34,560 --> 00:25:36,840 Speaker 1: a river of mercury, and who knows if there's a 411 00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:40,960 Speaker 1: constellation of pearls and gemsa's maybe Seema Kian is right, Yeah, 412 00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:45,680 Speaker 1: And that also makes it super dangerous to excavate still um, 413 00:25:45,720 --> 00:25:47,920 Speaker 1: which is one of the reasons why they haven't done 414 00:25:47,920 --> 00:25:52,040 Speaker 1: more there. Um there are six hundred pits that they 415 00:25:52,040 --> 00:25:54,680 Speaker 1: have unearthed thus far, which is, like I said, I think, 416 00:25:54,680 --> 00:25:59,879 Speaker 1: only about one percent. And um, they're sort of a 417 00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:02,639 Speaker 1: raid to look elsewhere because of the booby traps in 418 00:26:02,640 --> 00:26:05,840 Speaker 1: the mercury. I don't blame them. Uh So a few stats. 419 00:26:06,359 --> 00:26:09,640 Speaker 1: Thirty six years to complete this army or the tomb, 420 00:26:09,680 --> 00:26:15,000 Speaker 1: I guess um seven hundred thousand laborers they estimate eight 421 00:26:15,080 --> 00:26:18,720 Speaker 1: hundred and twenty thousand square feet a hundred feet deep. 422 00:26:19,440 --> 00:26:22,920 Speaker 1: With I saw eight thousand warriors, this is seven. I've 423 00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:25,960 Speaker 1: seen different numbers too. Let's just say between six and 424 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:31,080 Speaker 1: eight UM forty thou weapons. And apparently these weapons are 425 00:26:31,119 --> 00:26:33,719 Speaker 1: in really good shape. Well yeah, I mean they were 426 00:26:33,720 --> 00:26:36,200 Speaker 1: like bronze swords and stuff like that. Yeah, they weren't 427 00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:40,159 Speaker 1: made of like um, paper mache, so I guess they 428 00:26:40,160 --> 00:26:43,840 Speaker 1: did have metal. Yeah, bronze at least that answers that 429 00:26:44,720 --> 00:26:47,040 Speaker 1: in each one of these terra cotta soldiers weighs about 430 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:50,600 Speaker 1: three d and thirty pounds, which is crazy because they're 431 00:26:50,600 --> 00:26:54,720 Speaker 1: not even solid. Oh yeah, it wouldn't be right. So 432 00:26:54,760 --> 00:26:56,440 Speaker 1: what is the coil on the inside? Then they smooth 433 00:26:56,480 --> 00:27:00,199 Speaker 1: out the outside, right, Okay, that makes sense. So we 434 00:27:00,240 --> 00:27:05,680 Speaker 1: did mention that um Emperor Han ling D, who came 435 00:27:05,840 --> 00:27:10,440 Speaker 1: fifty three years after Cheen, had his smaller terracotta soldiers. 436 00:27:10,800 --> 00:27:15,119 Speaker 1: There's also the Wei Shan site Um which they found 437 00:27:15,119 --> 00:27:18,359 Speaker 1: in two thousand two, another terracotta army. But they're all 438 00:27:18,400 --> 00:27:21,880 Speaker 1: just a foot tall. They they they might as well 439 00:27:21,920 --> 00:27:25,320 Speaker 1: not even be there. Symbolic and cute. Yeah that also 440 00:27:25,359 --> 00:27:28,639 Speaker 1: symbolic again of a kinder. What was the one quote 441 00:27:29,359 --> 00:27:33,399 Speaker 1: from do nothing in order to govern? Yeah, not quite 442 00:27:33,480 --> 00:27:36,160 Speaker 1: the same as Chen That was the Emperor han ling 443 00:27:36,400 --> 00:27:39,720 Speaker 1: D's quote. He was the motto Cheen was a little 444 00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:44,440 Speaker 1: more do whatever you need to do to squash any disruption. 445 00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:46,960 Speaker 1: Well yeah, and Han ling D came along and said, 446 00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:49,320 Speaker 1: you know what, we're going to not text you guys 447 00:27:49,359 --> 00:27:52,560 Speaker 1: that much. We're gonna do away with forced labor. Yeah, 448 00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:56,119 Speaker 1: so uh, let's party. He was like the Rodney danger 449 00:27:56,160 --> 00:28:02,920 Speaker 1: Field of the han dynasty. H I think he got 450 00:28:02,960 --> 00:28:06,680 Speaker 1: respect though, Sure, that's true. So that's he was the 451 00:28:06,760 --> 00:28:11,800 Speaker 1: Rodney Dangerfield post death, because Rodney has tons of respect. 452 00:28:12,440 --> 00:28:16,400 Speaker 1: What was Rodney danger Fields epitaph? Do you remember? It's 453 00:28:16,480 --> 00:28:19,840 Speaker 1: like one of the best ever. Someone I was on 454 00:28:19,880 --> 00:28:23,440 Speaker 1: the Mark Maron's interview show w t F was interviewed 455 00:28:23,720 --> 00:28:25,280 Speaker 1: and they were talking about the old days hanging out 456 00:28:25,280 --> 00:28:28,199 Speaker 1: with Rodney and just what a beast that guy was. 457 00:28:28,760 --> 00:28:33,520 Speaker 1: What do you mean just party beast? Oh yeah, like legendary. Um, 458 00:28:33,640 --> 00:28:35,480 Speaker 1: you hang out with Rodney and you're in for a 459 00:28:35,560 --> 00:28:39,080 Speaker 1: long night. I can imagine. Yeah, but a really good guy. 460 00:28:40,040 --> 00:28:44,120 Speaker 1: I found it. Chuck. What his epitaph on Rodney danger 461 00:28:44,160 --> 00:28:52,320 Speaker 1: Fields Grave Styf. There goes the neighborhood. So classic awesome, 462 00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:54,360 Speaker 1: But I had like that you get a free bowl 463 00:28:54,400 --> 00:28:57,040 Speaker 1: of soup. Oh that was pretty good man. You were 464 00:28:57,120 --> 00:29:01,800 Speaker 1: like the rich little of this podcast. Uh, you got 465 00:29:01,800 --> 00:29:03,560 Speaker 1: anything else? Nope. If you want to know more about 466 00:29:03,560 --> 00:29:06,120 Speaker 1: the terra cotta army, go see it. And while you're 467 00:29:06,160 --> 00:29:08,400 Speaker 1: doing that, you can type those words into the search 468 00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:11,120 Speaker 1: bar at how stuff works dot com. Terra cotta is 469 00:29:11,200 --> 00:29:15,120 Speaker 1: one word, by the way, one word Smithsonian Magazine. Oh 470 00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:19,960 Speaker 1: did they goof it? Uh? And since I shame Smithsonian 471 00:29:20,040 --> 00:29:24,520 Speaker 1: Magazine that means it's time for listener mail. I'm gonna 472 00:29:24,560 --> 00:29:28,920 Speaker 1: call this uh animal imprint feedback. Hey guys, I'm currently 473 00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:31,280 Speaker 1: listening to how animal imprinting works and could not even 474 00:29:31,320 --> 00:29:34,960 Speaker 1: finish it because I had to write you my godmother's dorsey. Uh. 475 00:29:35,320 --> 00:29:38,640 Speaker 1: And Susan live on own and run an urban farm 476 00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:41,560 Speaker 1: in Austin, Texas on the east side. They have several 477 00:29:41,600 --> 00:29:48,280 Speaker 1: animals such as chickens, bunnies, geese, miniature donkeys, boy and ducks. Um. Recently, 478 00:29:48,320 --> 00:29:51,200 Speaker 1: a mother duck had no interest in her babies uh, 479 00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:53,640 Speaker 1: and they got adopted by a chicken. That chicken got 480 00:29:53,680 --> 00:29:56,760 Speaker 1: sick of them trying to play in all of the rain, 481 00:29:56,880 --> 00:29:59,400 Speaker 1: and we have all the rain we've been getting, and 482 00:29:59,480 --> 00:30:02,880 Speaker 1: left them on the around. A male goose named Gustavo 483 00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:07,840 Speaker 1: took the baby ducks in and treats them as his own. 484 00:30:08,280 --> 00:30:10,720 Speaker 1: On top of that, the next batch of baby ducks 485 00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:14,120 Speaker 1: born he went and took as his own. Now Gustavo 486 00:30:14,760 --> 00:30:17,200 Speaker 1: has about ten baby ducks that follow him around the nest. 487 00:30:17,240 --> 00:30:21,440 Speaker 1: With them, he has his own private army. That's right, um, 488 00:30:21,480 --> 00:30:24,080 Speaker 1: and they're not terra cotta. They're made of baby duck feathers, 489 00:30:24,560 --> 00:30:27,960 Speaker 1: the softest army. I failed to mention that Gustavo is 490 00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:30,760 Speaker 1: the face of the farm, greets people, follows around my 491 00:30:30,800 --> 00:30:35,560 Speaker 1: godmothers and gives tours whoever stops by, So she says, 492 00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:38,120 Speaker 1: she finishes with. I started listening to y'all about five 493 00:30:38,120 --> 00:30:41,320 Speaker 1: months ago and cannot stop start many of my sentences 494 00:30:41,320 --> 00:30:43,880 Speaker 1: now with this podcast, I was listening to say many 495 00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:46,320 Speaker 1: random facts that I learned from. You also teach high 496 00:30:46,360 --> 00:30:49,160 Speaker 1: school world history. And on the days I need to 497 00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:52,880 Speaker 1: uh the students not to talk um a k A. 498 00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:59,640 Speaker 1: The days that I don't have a lesson plan, UH 499 00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:02,040 Speaker 1: talk too alright, play one of your episodes that applies 500 00:31:02,040 --> 00:31:04,760 Speaker 1: to what we're learning and have them do bookwork. I 501 00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:07,280 Speaker 1: find many of them not working and listening to your 502 00:31:07,320 --> 00:31:13,240 Speaker 1: show instead. Nice. So that is from Christina, Maudie and Christina, 503 00:31:13,400 --> 00:31:15,520 Speaker 1: thank you for your work as a teacher. And hello 504 00:31:15,560 --> 00:31:19,720 Speaker 1: to all your students. And hello, Hello are your godmothers 505 00:31:19,760 --> 00:31:24,640 Speaker 1: and Gustavo. Yes, hello miss Maudie's class. Thanks for listening 506 00:31:24,880 --> 00:31:28,120 Speaker 1: Miss Maudie. That's so nice. Yeah, I'm sure that's what 507 00:31:28,160 --> 00:31:30,760 Speaker 1: they call her. Yeah, that'd be great. I call it Christina. 508 00:31:30,840 --> 00:31:32,920 Speaker 1: That's way too modern of a school for me. Yeah, 509 00:31:33,400 --> 00:31:37,120 Speaker 1: and big ups to Gustavo. That's pretty cool. I want 510 00:31:37,120 --> 00:31:39,520 Speaker 1: to take a Gustavo to her someday. And she sent 511 00:31:39,600 --> 00:31:42,480 Speaker 1: a picture of gustav on the ducks too. Uh well, 512 00:31:42,560 --> 00:31:46,040 Speaker 1: we should post that somewhere all right, unless it's copyrighted. 513 00:31:46,600 --> 00:31:48,920 Speaker 1: Let us know. If you want to get in touch 514 00:31:48,960 --> 00:31:50,400 Speaker 1: with us, you can tweet to us at s y 515 00:31:50,480 --> 00:31:52,880 Speaker 1: s K podcast. You can join us on Facebook, dot com, 516 00:31:52,920 --> 00:31:54,959 Speaker 1: slash stuff. You should know. You can send us an 517 00:31:54,960 --> 00:31:57,480 Speaker 1: email to Stuff Podcast at how stuff Works dot com 518 00:31:57,800 --> 00:31:59,560 Speaker 1: and has always joined us at our home on the web. 519 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:04,360 Speaker 1: If you should know, dot Com Radio Stuff You Should 520 00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:06,880 Speaker 1: Know is a production of I heart Radio. For more 521 00:32:06,880 --> 00:32:09,720 Speaker 1: podcasts my heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, 522 00:32:09,920 --> 00:32:12,800 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. 523 00:32:15,680 --> 00:32:15,720 Speaker 1: H