WEBVTT - Part Two: The Raid on Harpers Ferry Succeeded, Actually

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<v Speaker 1>Cool Zone Media.

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<v Speaker 2>Hello, and welcome to Cool be Booted Cool Stuff. You're

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<v Speaker 2>weekly reminder that where there's bad things, there's people fighting

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<v Speaker 2>against the bad things. I'm your host, Margaret Kiljoy, and

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<v Speaker 2>my guest this week is Bridget Todd.

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<v Speaker 3>Hi. Hi, so excited to be here.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I'm like, the recordings always come after this. My

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<v Speaker 2>work week is a saw wave where it just like

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<v Speaker 2>builds and builds and builds, and then I record all

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<v Speaker 2>of the episodes and then I collapse and then my

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<v Speaker 2>brain turns into goo. And so I'm always like, right

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<v Speaker 2>before I hit record, I'm like, I'm so tired, I

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<v Speaker 2>can't have a thought, but instead I fall into sort

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<v Speaker 2>of a manic state and record. I don't know why

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<v Speaker 2>I'm telling you this or everyone who's listening this, but anyway, Bridget,

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<v Speaker 2>that's a great guest.

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<v Speaker 3>You don't seem goo or manic brains to me.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh well, thanks thanks. Our producer is Sophie Hi, Sophie.

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<v Speaker 1>Hi Magpie, Hi, Bridget.

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<v Speaker 3>Hey, Sophie Hey, Anderson.

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<v Speaker 2>Hello Anderson named after this week's hero, and also Hi Rory,

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<v Speaker 2>our audio engineer, Hi Rory, Hi.

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<v Speaker 3>Riory, Hi Roy Magpie.

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<v Speaker 1>Is there also a character in this episode named after

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<v Speaker 1>my other dog.

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<v Speaker 4>No, oh, I'm sorry.

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<v Speaker 3>You gotta start doing Sophie's dog themed episodes.

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<v Speaker 2>All of them should get an episode. That's a good idea, Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>especially if we can find the duo.

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<v Speaker 1>Magpie apologized to Truman.

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<v Speaker 2>Truman, I'm so sorry. Usually when your namesake appears in

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<v Speaker 2>these episodes, it's not positive.

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<v Speaker 1>People thought I named her after him.

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<v Speaker 5>It's like, no, she's named after Truman Burbank from The

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<v Speaker 5>Truman Show.

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<v Speaker 3>Be so for real, Be so for real.

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<v Speaker 5>I'm not gonna name my dog after a president Jesus Christ.

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<v Speaker 2>So we are on part two of a two parter

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<v Speaker 2>about the raiders of Harper's Ferry. And while John Brown

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<v Speaker 2>has woven throughout, it is not the main character because

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<v Speaker 2>he's the main character. Enough, nothing but love for that man,

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<v Speaker 2>But he's not the main character today. That said, we're

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<v Speaker 2>about to talk about him for a second because this

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<v Speaker 2>is kind of the road to Harper's Ferry section, right,

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<v Speaker 2>and most of the raiders, their road to Harper's Ferry

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<v Speaker 2>takes them through Kansas. You ever heard of Bleeding Kansas?

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<v Speaker 2>I have not, which is a very metal There's so

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<v Speaker 2>much metal stuff going on in here. There's so many

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<v Speaker 2>swords involved in this story that you wouldn't expect there's

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<v Speaker 2>going to be at least several sorts. Since eighteen twenty,

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<v Speaker 2>there had been this Missouri Compromise where new states in

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<v Speaker 2>the Union were either free or nightmare lands of slavery

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<v Speaker 2>based on their latitude. I think that's how they phrased it.

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<v Speaker 2>But in eighteen fifty four, the Kansas Nebraska Act said

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<v Speaker 2>basically that it's up to voters of each new state

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<v Speaker 2>to decide whether or not you can just own people.

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<v Speaker 2>So people on both sides of the issue would flood

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<v Speaker 2>into states to help affect the electorate, which means that

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<v Speaker 2>you had kind of a mini civil war that I'm

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<v Speaker 2>hoping to cover at more length. One day, called Bleeding Kansas,

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<v Speaker 2>John Brown, four of his sons and some other folks

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<v Speaker 2>were like, well, I guess we're just slaver killing bandits.

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<v Speaker 4>Now.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know that's how they would have phrased it,

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<v Speaker 2>but it's what they did. They moved to Kansas and

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<v Speaker 2>they started killing slavers. This is how he got famous

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<v Speaker 2>as a zelot, because he would murder people who thought

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<v Speaker 2>you could just capture people and turn them into property.

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<v Speaker 3>I mean what's more metal than that?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, they did the killing with swords.

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<v Speaker 3>That you did up the metal ante on that one.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and also guns. And it's interesting I fell on

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<v Speaker 2>this whole rabbit hole because for a while I spent

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<v Speaker 2>a while trying to be like, can I get a

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<v Speaker 2>John Brown replica sword or not? And the answer is

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<v Speaker 2>not easily. But people would say that he had a

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<v Speaker 2>broad sword, but that actually I think just meant it

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<v Speaker 2>wasn't a curved sword like a cavalry saver, but instead

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<v Speaker 2>it was more of a straight sword like the French

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<v Speaker 2>artillery swords that were based on the Gladias. This is

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<v Speaker 2>not what the show is about. I just like swords.

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<v Speaker 2>I have a lot of them on my walls. And

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<v Speaker 2>this is also where John Brown earned his reputation as

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<v Speaker 2>a skilled military commander. He successfully outmaneuvered forces many times

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<v Speaker 2>stronger than his own. It's also how he lost the

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<v Speaker 2>first of his sons to die in the cause of abolition.

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<v Speaker 2>In August eighteen fifty six, Frederick Brown was killed by

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<v Speaker 2>a company of Missourian slavers. But what's funny is like

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<v Speaker 2>this man had twenty kids with two different wives over

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<v Speaker 2>his life, and nine of them didn't make it to adulthood,

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<v Speaker 2>not because he had particularly bad luck. People completely misunderstand

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<v Speaker 2>how high child mortality was before vaccines. Have you seen

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<v Speaker 2>the like there's like right wing people right now posting

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<v Speaker 2>like we made it this far without vaccines, and then

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<v Speaker 2>people just have to respond to like with child mortality graphs.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I can't believe people would say that with a

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<v Speaker 3>straight face. It's like, wow, you really just like fuck,

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<v Speaker 3>everything that happened before I got here today is the

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<v Speaker 3>only thing I know about.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I do wonder sometimes when I'm like, because I

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<v Speaker 2>would have a hard time imagine being a mom and

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<v Speaker 2>having kids join me in battle, right, because I would

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<v Speaker 2>be too concerned about their survival. But I guess if

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<v Speaker 2>you've like lost forty five percent of them already, Like

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know, I don't know.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I have to imagine people had big family and

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<v Speaker 3>just simply did not expect a lot of them to survive,

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<v Speaker 3>and that that colored all of their decision making as

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<v Speaker 3>a parent.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, totally, Like, all right, go off and get on

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<v Speaker 2>a ship and go find another continent, do whatever. You

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<v Speaker 2>were going to die of tuberculosis anyway. So after Bleeding Kansas,

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<v Speaker 2>they're like what's the next move? And he and a

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<v Speaker 2>bunch of militant abolitionists show up and Chatham in Canada

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<v Speaker 2>with a specific goal. They're going to sit down and

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<v Speaker 2>hash out a provisional constitution for this black republic that

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<v Speaker 2>they're going to set up in Appalachia. And they brought

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<v Speaker 2>like maps and shit with them. We're like, all right, well,

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<v Speaker 2>this is where we can set up our bases in

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<v Speaker 2>the mountains and raid plantations, and this is where we're

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<v Speaker 2>going to like like they planned it. They were like,

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<v Speaker 2>this is how we're going to wage this entire war

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<v Speaker 2>and how we're going to build a free republic. And

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<v Speaker 2>Anderson the newspaper man was one of the secretaries to

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<v Speaker 2>the secret convey which they referred to as a very

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<v Speaker 2>quiet conference, which is a good word for when you're

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<v Speaker 2>planning them a remarkably illegal thing.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah. I like that as an ephemism.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>And then the thing that they use is their cover,

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<v Speaker 2>was that everyone was like, oh, we're just setting up

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<v Speaker 2>a black Mason's lodge. Frederick Douglas and Harriet Tubman were

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<v Speaker 2>invited to this. Frederick Douglass was like, no, I'm good.

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<v Speaker 2>Harriet Tubman couldn't come because she was genuinely sick, but

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<v Speaker 2>biggest l of the whole week. She was the only

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<v Speaker 2>woman invited to the conference. It was all men. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>they got together, they built up a constitution, they elected

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<v Speaker 2>provisional officers, they wrote a good preamble. That's like Slavery's

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<v Speaker 2>bats were doing her own thing. Osborne Osborne Anderson was

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<v Speaker 2>elected to the Congress of this new government. And maybe

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<v Speaker 2>they planned the raid itself. Maybe they didn't. This was

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<v Speaker 2>like litigated in court, and so a lot of the

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<v Speaker 2>stuff of the history around here had to be kind

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<v Speaker 2>of played with carefully, as people were like, well, I

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<v Speaker 2>don't want to get hanged. You know, a black gunsmith,

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<v Speaker 2>this isn't even the best name.

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<v Speaker 4>Man.

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<v Speaker 2>A black gunsmith was there and his name was Gunsmith.

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<v Speaker 3>Jack's out.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, uh, what do you do for work? Gunsmith?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, let me tell you.

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<v Speaker 3>That's like your name being Margaret podcast.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, exactly, exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>And he to be clear, this is like his name

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<v Speaker 2>in quotes in the middle. It's like what everyone calls him,

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<v Speaker 2>you know. But yeah, it wasn't pure, it wasn't nominative determinism.

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<v Speaker 2>It was vice versa, you know. And he made a

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<v Speaker 2>bunch of the firearms for the raid, which is cool

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<v Speaker 2>as hell that a man named Gunsmith in a different

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<v Speaker 2>country made you your firearms. It is possible that John

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<v Speaker 2>Brown knew the raid was doomed. It is possible that

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<v Speaker 2>the reason it was mostly white fighters was decided ahead

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<v Speaker 2>of time. Gunsmith said that John Brown believed that only

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<v Speaker 2>if a bunch of white people die fighting slavery would

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<v Speaker 2>white Northerners gather up the courage to actually fight. It's

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<v Speaker 2>possible that John Brown set out to be a martyr,

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<v Speaker 2>but they did make a specific plan, one that could

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<v Speaker 2>have worked. I think that John Brown's plan A was

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<v Speaker 2>to succeed, but he wanted to make sure that failure

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<v Speaker 2>was also a success, so that this raid was win win,

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<v Speaker 2>even if one of the wind conditions meant his own death.

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<v Speaker 2>Almost half of the black people who were at the

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<v Speaker 2>conference to set up this new Republic later signed up

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<v Speaker 2>to fight in the Civil War, which means that they

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<v Speaker 2>left Safe Canada to go fight in the Union Army.

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<v Speaker 2>But only one guy, one black man from that conference

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<v Speaker 2>went on to the Harper's Ferry raid Osborne Anderson. As

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<v Speaker 2>one source put it, the staff of the Provincial Freemen

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<v Speaker 2>got together to be like well the newspaper, not the conference.

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<v Speaker 2>The newspaper's like, well, one of us should probably go

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<v Speaker 2>down and like actually fight, right if we're gonna do this,

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<v Speaker 2>And so they literally drew straws Osborne drew the short straw.

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<v Speaker 2>He went without a fuss. He headed back to the US,

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<v Speaker 2>and he went to the Kennedy farm in Maryland. And

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<v Speaker 2>it gets presented as like mostly I've seen it presented

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<v Speaker 2>as like, ah, the unlucky person draws the straw. It

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<v Speaker 2>might have been that multiple people wanted to go and

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<v Speaker 2>that it was like they could only really afford to

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<v Speaker 2>send one person. That's a between the lines reading that

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<v Speaker 2>I might be incorrect about. Okay, the fifth Black Raider,

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<v Speaker 2>he's the one with the coolest name. His name, which

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<v Speaker 2>he picked for himself, was Shield's Green, but and actually

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<v Speaker 2>is his original name. But his original name was because

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<v Speaker 2>he was owned by a guy. I don't remember his

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<v Speaker 2>first name, but it was brown, but that was the

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<v Speaker 2>name of his owner or whatever. His name was Shields Green,

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<v Speaker 2>which he picked for himself. But then he picked his

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<v Speaker 2>own nick name too, which was Emperor.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay, that is it. That is yeah, probably the coolest

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<v Speaker 3>same we're going to hear in this episode.

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<v Speaker 4>No exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, Emperor is the one I've been waiting to talk about.

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<v Speaker 2>He believed that he was descended from African royalty. We've

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<v Speaker 2>run across this a couple times on the show, but

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<v Speaker 2>it's also often true, right, because the whole thing is

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<v Speaker 2>that people's past are being demolished, but a lot of

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<v Speaker 2>people were descended from African royalty. Emperor was a self

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<v Speaker 2>emancipated man, brave almost to a fault. He had been

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<v Speaker 2>born into slavery in South Carolina. After his wife died,

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<v Speaker 2>he fled on a ship. Sadly, he did leave behind

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<v Speaker 2>his six month old child, I don't know into whose

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<v Speaker 2>care most likely. He then made his way to Canada,

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<v Speaker 2>where he met Frederick Douglas. Emperor started working as a

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<v Speaker 2>clothes cleaner for Frederick Douglass and kind of became Frederick

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<v Speaker 2>Douglas's sort of right hand man for a while. Frederick

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<v Speaker 2>Douglas wrote about him quote Shield's Green was not one

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<v Speaker 2>to shrink from hardships or dangers. He was a man

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<v Speaker 2>of few words and his speech was singularly broken. But

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<v Speaker 2>his courage and self respect made him quite a dignified character,

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<v Speaker 2>and so he wasn't literate, and he also like wasn't

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<v Speaker 2>like just like Frankly, he wasn't very good at communicating,

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<v Speaker 2>and he was also fucking amazing. In August eighteen fifty nine,

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<v Speaker 2>a couple months before the raid, John Brown set up

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<v Speaker 2>a meeting with Frederick Douglas, who was attended by Shields

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<v Speaker 2>Green for days. Brown tried to convince Douglas to join

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<v Speaker 2>the raid, like it was like literally like a weekend

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<v Speaker 2>long conference where he's like, this is my plan, I

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<v Speaker 2>think you should come, And Douglas said that Brown was

0:12:48.160 --> 0:12:52.240
<v Speaker 2>quote going into a perfect steel trap and that once

0:12:52.320 --> 0:12:54.120
<v Speaker 2>in he would never get out alive.

0:12:54.880 --> 0:12:56.120
<v Speaker 3>Oh.

0:12:56.520 --> 0:12:59.120
<v Speaker 2>Douglas basically wished him luck, and then he said I

0:12:59.160 --> 0:13:02.040
<v Speaker 2>think later he said that he wasn't sure whether his

0:13:02.080 --> 0:13:06.560
<v Speaker 2>own refusal to go was discretion or cowardice, And that

0:13:06.679 --> 0:13:11.960
<v Speaker 2>is fucking relatable. Yeah, And then Frederick Douglas turns to

0:13:12.000 --> 0:13:14.200
<v Speaker 2>Emperor and is like, what do you want to do?

0:13:15.200 --> 0:13:18.640
<v Speaker 2>And Emperor says, I believe I'll go with the old man,

0:13:19.480 --> 0:13:22.560
<v Speaker 2>and he joined John Brown and headed to the Kennedy farm.

0:13:24.320 --> 0:13:26.360
<v Speaker 2>There were a lot of other raiders who I'm not

0:13:26.400 --> 0:13:28.719
<v Speaker 2>going to cover in as much detail. Many of them

0:13:28.720 --> 0:13:31.079
<v Speaker 2>had been with John Brown for years fighting with him

0:13:31.080 --> 0:13:34.440
<v Speaker 2>and Bleeding Kansas. Many others, though, many of the people

0:13:34.440 --> 0:13:36.160
<v Speaker 2>who had fought with him and Bleeding Kansas were like,

0:13:36.800 --> 0:13:39.720
<v Speaker 2>this one's a suicide mission, this one's a steel trap

0:13:40.440 --> 0:13:44.160
<v Speaker 2>and sat it out. Others joined the crew more recently,

0:13:44.800 --> 0:13:47.360
<v Speaker 2>like Stuart Taylor, who was a wagon maker who attended

0:13:47.400 --> 0:13:49.920
<v Speaker 2>the Chatham convention, who again was like a white Canadian

0:13:49.960 --> 0:13:52.480
<v Speaker 2>dude who was like, yeah, all right, uh fucking shit's

0:13:52.480 --> 0:13:54.760
<v Speaker 2>gotta get done. If it's not me, who's going to

0:13:54.840 --> 0:13:55.080
<v Speaker 2>do it?

0:13:55.160 --> 0:13:55.360
<v Speaker 4>You know?

0:13:55.960 --> 0:13:57.680
<v Speaker 3>I appreciate that attitude so much.

0:13:58.520 --> 0:14:03.800
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, totally. The Koppack brothers, Barclay and Edwin were Quakers

0:14:04.000 --> 0:14:06.400
<v Speaker 2>and they were like, well I think the I think

0:14:06.440 --> 0:14:10.680
<v Speaker 2>we gotta And many of John Brown's sons and one

0:14:10.679 --> 0:14:14.160
<v Speaker 2>of his son in laws came with him. What a

0:14:14.200 --> 0:14:19.760
<v Speaker 2>family to marry into. Initially, folks were going to do

0:14:19.800 --> 0:14:23.160
<v Speaker 2>the raid right after Chatham, but there was a problem.

0:14:24.160 --> 0:14:27.280
<v Speaker 2>One of the conspirators lost faith in the plan and

0:14:27.360 --> 0:14:30.120
<v Speaker 2>started talking about it to their various donors. So like

0:14:30.120 --> 0:14:32.600
<v Speaker 2>one of the raiders was like, I don't feel good

0:14:32.600 --> 0:14:35.480
<v Speaker 2>about this anymore, and he started going to the donors

0:14:35.520 --> 0:14:37.760
<v Speaker 2>who were funding the whole thing. And were like, ah,

0:14:37.800 --> 0:14:40.000
<v Speaker 2>like he didn't go snitch, right, but he just like

0:14:40.040 --> 0:14:42.400
<v Speaker 2>went and was like, I don't know, I think John

0:14:42.440 --> 0:14:45.520
<v Speaker 2>Brown's it's not a good plan. And so the donation

0:14:45.680 --> 0:14:48.840
<v Speaker 2>started drying up and this impacted their ability to do

0:14:48.880 --> 0:14:51.600
<v Speaker 2>this plan because it involved arming a thousand people this plan,

0:14:53.640 --> 0:14:57.320
<v Speaker 2>and John Brown learned what I hope that modern nonprofits learned,

0:14:57.320 --> 0:14:59.040
<v Speaker 2>which is there's a really good way to get your

0:14:59.040 --> 0:15:02.920
<v Speaker 2>donations back you have a flagging nonprofit. They were like,

0:15:03.480 --> 0:15:06.400
<v Speaker 2>let's prove that we know what we're doing. So over

0:15:06.520 --> 0:15:11.120
<v Speaker 2>Christmas eighteen fifty eight, they raided three slave farms in Missouri,

0:15:11.320 --> 0:15:14.840
<v Speaker 2>killing a slaver, freeing eleven people, robbing the slavers for

0:15:14.880 --> 0:15:18.600
<v Speaker 2>all they were worth. And they did it really publicly.

0:15:19.920 --> 0:15:24.480
<v Speaker 2>They like militarily escorted these freed people up to a

0:15:24.520 --> 0:15:26.840
<v Speaker 2>ferry and said bye to them in front of a

0:15:26.920 --> 0:15:31.400
<v Speaker 2>huge supportive crowd to get them to Canada. But John

0:15:31.560 --> 0:15:35.720
<v Speaker 2>Brown was a lone wing nut. It wasn't supported by anybody.

0:15:36.840 --> 0:15:39.880
<v Speaker 3>Wait, is your advice to people who are running nonprofits? Like,

0:15:40.120 --> 0:15:43.240
<v Speaker 3>maybe take a card from this playbook? Yeah, you know, just.

0:15:43.200 --> 0:15:44.560
<v Speaker 2>Prove you know how to do what you saying you're

0:15:44.560 --> 0:15:46.600
<v Speaker 2>gonna do whatever it is that you do. You just

0:15:46.640 --> 0:15:50.160
<v Speaker 2>prove you know how to do it, you know, and

0:15:50.200 --> 0:15:53.880
<v Speaker 2>the crew's funding returned. The donors were like, Okay, John

0:15:53.920 --> 0:15:56.920
<v Speaker 2>Brown knows what he's doing and most of his funding

0:15:57.000 --> 0:16:00.240
<v Speaker 2>came from the Secret Six, which were six Northern rich

0:16:00.280 --> 0:16:05.360
<v Speaker 2>abolitionists who funded all kinds of shit. So yeah, I

0:16:05.400 --> 0:16:08.120
<v Speaker 2>don't know. We never tell anyone what to do, but

0:16:08.160 --> 0:16:13.120
<v Speaker 2>where we get are funding is through advertising, and they're

0:16:13.160 --> 0:16:15.880
<v Speaker 2>not secret, but it might be they might be secretly

0:16:15.920 --> 0:16:18.280
<v Speaker 2>down I don't know, or maybe one day they'll listen

0:16:18.360 --> 0:16:20.080
<v Speaker 2>to the show and be like, why do we support

0:16:20.280 --> 0:16:23.200
<v Speaker 2>I mean, we love our heads.

0:16:25.360 --> 0:16:28.479
<v Speaker 3>It's great here they are.

0:16:36.520 --> 0:16:37.160
<v Speaker 4>And we're back.

0:16:37.520 --> 0:16:39.880
<v Speaker 2>And Bridget, I think you have one more sponsor of

0:16:39.920 --> 0:16:40.280
<v Speaker 2>this show.

0:16:40.960 --> 0:16:44.000
<v Speaker 3>Yes, this show is unofficially brought to you by a

0:16:44.040 --> 0:16:46.280
<v Speaker 3>good comb. You might not think about it, but a

0:16:46.280 --> 0:16:48.280
<v Speaker 3>good comb can be a game changer and it will

0:16:48.320 --> 0:16:49.920
<v Speaker 3>last for a long time, and it's just a nice

0:16:49.920 --> 0:16:52.600
<v Speaker 3>thing to have on your person, a good comb.

0:16:53.000 --> 0:16:58.160
<v Speaker 2>It's important to have a good comb. So the Raiders

0:16:58.160 --> 0:17:01.240
<v Speaker 2>picked Harper's Ferry as the place raid for a bunch

0:17:01.280 --> 0:17:05.080
<v Speaker 2>of reasons. It was a federal armory town where water

0:17:05.160 --> 0:17:09.080
<v Speaker 2>mills powered machinery that built the weapons of war. It

0:17:09.119 --> 0:17:12.119
<v Speaker 2>was also in a slave state. It was nestled in

0:17:12.160 --> 0:17:14.359
<v Speaker 2>the mountains, and if you're going to have a rebellion,

0:17:14.480 --> 0:17:17.919
<v Speaker 2>you need inhospitable terrain like swamps and mountains around you.

0:17:18.840 --> 0:17:23.160
<v Speaker 2>It helped that Western Virginia, now Best Virginia, leaned more

0:17:23.160 --> 0:17:27.520
<v Speaker 2>abolitionists than elsewhere in Virginia, although the closest town, Charlestown,

0:17:27.960 --> 0:17:30.919
<v Speaker 2>was staunchly pro slavery, which didn't help them when it

0:17:30.920 --> 0:17:34.240
<v Speaker 2>came time for jurors. But there they weren't going to

0:17:34.320 --> 0:17:38.040
<v Speaker 2>win their case. That was not a thing they expected

0:17:38.040 --> 0:17:43.040
<v Speaker 2>to have happened. Their cover for investigating the area was

0:17:43.080 --> 0:17:45.840
<v Speaker 2>that John Brown was a mining investor and that the

0:17:45.880 --> 0:17:48.480
<v Speaker 2>weapons he had shipped were mining tools. So there just

0:17:48.520 --> 0:17:50.679
<v Speaker 2>like big crates of pike heads were coming in and

0:17:50.720 --> 0:17:53.199
<v Speaker 2>they were like, oh, these are our mining tools for mining.

0:17:54.760 --> 0:17:57.800
<v Speaker 2>Their base of operations was a little farmhouse they rented

0:17:57.840 --> 0:18:02.560
<v Speaker 2>in Maryland, the Kennedy Farm. And this wasn't like owned

0:18:02.560 --> 0:18:05.080
<v Speaker 2>by the Kennedys or whatever this is. It was a

0:18:05.119 --> 0:18:07.520
<v Speaker 2>farm where the owner had died and it was sort

0:18:07.560 --> 0:18:09.280
<v Speaker 2>of just in an estate. No one was living there,

0:18:09.320 --> 0:18:10.200
<v Speaker 2>and so they rented it.

0:18:10.160 --> 0:18:11.159
<v Speaker 4>Fairly cheap.

0:18:12.600 --> 0:18:15.480
<v Speaker 2>During the day the raiders hit in the attic, so

0:18:15.520 --> 0:18:19.320
<v Speaker 2>there weren't reports of lots of people around. One of

0:18:19.359 --> 0:18:22.080
<v Speaker 2>the raiders, John Cook, he was this aristocratic guy, I

0:18:22.080 --> 0:18:25.160
<v Speaker 2>think from Connecticut. He's from New England somewhere. He went

0:18:25.240 --> 0:18:28.080
<v Speaker 2>and started living in Harper's Ferry for a year, living

0:18:28.160 --> 0:18:31.760
<v Speaker 2>under cover prior to the raid, getting in with high society.

0:18:31.840 --> 0:18:33.879
<v Speaker 2>I think undercover. I think he literally just used his

0:18:33.960 --> 0:18:36.879
<v Speaker 2>name because he has an aristocratic name, and so he

0:18:37.040 --> 0:18:40.240
<v Speaker 2>joined high society. He started hanging out with the slavers

0:18:40.560 --> 0:18:43.879
<v Speaker 2>in order to learn more about them. Most of the

0:18:44.000 --> 0:18:47.040
<v Speaker 2>raiders assumed that the plan was going to be simple

0:18:47.240 --> 0:18:49.600
<v Speaker 2>and similar to what they had done before, a hit

0:18:49.640 --> 0:18:53.640
<v Speaker 2>and run. They show up, they steal guns, they free people,

0:18:53.960 --> 0:18:57.359
<v Speaker 2>they get the fuck out. When John Brown was like,

0:18:57.640 --> 0:19:00.000
<v Speaker 2>you know, they're all gathered in the farmhouse, and he's like, no, no, no, no.

0:19:00.240 --> 0:19:02.440
<v Speaker 2>The plan is we're going to establish a gorilla camp

0:19:02.520 --> 0:19:05.399
<v Speaker 2>and start a war and take over the entire South.

0:19:06.080 --> 0:19:10.240
<v Speaker 2>We are not going north, we are going south. Almost

0:19:10.280 --> 0:19:15.720
<v Speaker 2>everyone there, including all three of his sons, were like, nah,

0:19:15.920 --> 0:19:18.720
<v Speaker 2>we don't like that plan. That plan sounds like a

0:19:18.760 --> 0:19:22.200
<v Speaker 2>bad idea. And this is like, this is that moment

0:19:22.280 --> 0:19:25.000
<v Speaker 2>in the movie, you know, where they're all like, I

0:19:25.040 --> 0:19:27.359
<v Speaker 2>think our plan is doomed. But they're like, but we

0:19:27.560 --> 0:19:32.600
<v Speaker 2>have to rob the Mona Lisa. We can't not, you know. Yeah,

0:19:32.840 --> 0:19:36.080
<v Speaker 2>And so John Brown was like, all right, if you

0:19:36.119 --> 0:19:37.840
<v Speaker 2>won't follow my plan, I won't lead you in it,

0:19:37.880 --> 0:19:40.600
<v Speaker 2>and he like retired as their captain. But not like

0:19:40.960 --> 0:19:43.000
<v Speaker 2>I don't even think this was like a passive aggressive move.

0:19:43.040 --> 0:19:45.040
<v Speaker 2>I think he was just like, I'm not telling you

0:19:45.080 --> 0:19:48.159
<v Speaker 2>what to do. I mean, he was militarily in charge

0:19:48.280 --> 0:19:53.320
<v Speaker 2>during the operation, but slowly people found their courage and

0:19:53.400 --> 0:19:56.280
<v Speaker 2>agreed to the plan. One version that I read, which

0:19:56.359 --> 0:19:58.760
<v Speaker 2>I like, is that it was Osborne Anderson, the guy

0:19:58.760 --> 0:20:01.719
<v Speaker 2>who'd drawn the short st all, who brought everyone around.

0:20:02.640 --> 0:20:03.960
<v Speaker 2>And I like it because he was the guy who

0:20:04.000 --> 0:20:06.280
<v Speaker 2>was there because he drew the short straw. You know,

0:20:07.840 --> 0:20:10.560
<v Speaker 2>they had a thousand pikes made and shipped. They shipped

0:20:10.560 --> 0:20:12.439
<v Speaker 2>the heads of the pikes and then like they basically

0:20:12.520 --> 0:20:16.679
<v Speaker 2>spent their time like putting pike heads on pikes. And

0:20:16.720 --> 0:20:19.360
<v Speaker 2>they did this because a pike takes no training to use.

0:20:19.440 --> 0:20:21.359
<v Speaker 2>You can put a pike in the hand of someone

0:20:21.400 --> 0:20:25.680
<v Speaker 2>and make them dangerous. The plan was to seize the armory,

0:20:25.960 --> 0:20:28.920
<v Speaker 2>free the local enslaved people, and take to the mountains,

0:20:29.040 --> 0:20:31.760
<v Speaker 2>building up an army and destroying slavery.

0:20:31.320 --> 0:20:31.840
<v Speaker 4>In the South.

0:20:33.280 --> 0:20:37.639
<v Speaker 2>It sounds a bit fantastical, but the thing is this

0:20:37.800 --> 0:20:43.520
<v Speaker 2>is what the Haitian Revolution started as successfully seventy years earlier.

0:20:44.080 --> 0:20:47.040
<v Speaker 2>It is a model that was proven could work.

0:20:47.880 --> 0:20:50.280
<v Speaker 3>And it's like you were saying, it is kind of

0:20:50.320 --> 0:20:52.399
<v Speaker 3>a wild idea, but it makes sense that if you

0:20:53.359 --> 0:20:58.320
<v Speaker 3>arm people and you know, everybody starts killing enslavers, it

0:20:58.359 --> 0:20:58.840
<v Speaker 3>can work.

0:20:59.520 --> 0:21:00.520
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, totally.

0:21:01.320 --> 0:21:03.399
<v Speaker 2>And the reason that people thought it was completely silly

0:21:03.440 --> 0:21:05.880
<v Speaker 2>is everyone was like, oh, well, the black people here

0:21:06.080 --> 0:21:08.960
<v Speaker 2>are happy with their lots and they would never do

0:21:09.040 --> 0:21:11.960
<v Speaker 2>anything to risk their positions, you know, or they're all

0:21:11.960 --> 0:21:16.520
<v Speaker 2>cowards or whatever. But like universally, they would meet people

0:21:16.800 --> 0:21:18.680
<v Speaker 2>and they'd be like, yeah, okay, give me a gun,

0:21:18.720 --> 0:21:19.800
<v Speaker 2>give me a pike, let's go.

0:21:20.040 --> 0:21:23.520
<v Speaker 3>You know. Yeah. Imagine being like the people that I

0:21:23.720 --> 0:21:26.679
<v Speaker 3>enslave love me. They would never would never do anything

0:21:26.680 --> 0:21:30.040
<v Speaker 3>to hurt me. Imagine thinking that right up until the

0:21:30.119 --> 0:21:33.280
<v Speaker 3>moment that they turn on your Well.

0:21:33.119 --> 0:21:35.840
<v Speaker 2>What's wild is that they felt that way even after

0:21:35.880 --> 0:21:36.760
<v Speaker 2>they had turned on them.

0:21:37.240 --> 0:21:38.520
<v Speaker 4>Just a spoil part of the end.

0:21:39.160 --> 0:21:41.480
<v Speaker 2>Later, a lot of the enslaved people who joined the

0:21:41.560 --> 0:21:44.760
<v Speaker 2>raid at the end were like, oh, we got forced

0:21:44.760 --> 0:21:51.040
<v Speaker 2>to be here. We like being enslaved, and it worked.

0:21:51.240 --> 0:21:54.840
<v Speaker 2>They were just returned to where they came from, even

0:21:54.880 --> 0:21:57.720
<v Speaker 2>though they just been holding people hostage at like gun

0:21:57.760 --> 0:22:01.280
<v Speaker 2>and Pike Point with all a mix up, I know.

0:22:01.680 --> 0:22:03.000
<v Speaker 3>And then they got to like then.

0:22:02.880 --> 0:22:06.280
<v Speaker 2>Go on and like lead this other uprising where all

0:22:06.320 --> 0:22:09.199
<v Speaker 2>the barns in the area started burning. All of the

0:22:09.320 --> 0:22:12.680
<v Speaker 2>jurors who were like slavers who voted to convict them

0:22:12.960 --> 0:22:15.360
<v Speaker 2>suddenly their barns burned in the middle of the night.

0:22:15.680 --> 0:22:18.920
<v Speaker 2>And it took like a hundred years before historians were like, yeah,

0:22:19.119 --> 0:22:22.240
<v Speaker 2>that was the enslaved people doing that, because they were like, oh,

0:22:22.280 --> 0:22:25.560
<v Speaker 2>it must have been abolitionist sneaking in from Maryland or whatever.

0:22:25.680 --> 0:22:25.879
<v Speaker 4>You know.

0:22:27.320 --> 0:22:32.040
<v Speaker 2>Anyway, and so while they're in this farmhouse, they start

0:22:32.040 --> 0:22:34.879
<v Speaker 2>spreading the word among the farms, like to all the

0:22:35.000 --> 0:22:38.080
<v Speaker 2>enslaved people. And I believe that this was mostly Dangerfield

0:22:38.160 --> 0:22:40.320
<v Speaker 2>Nubie doing that. The forty four year old who was

0:22:40.560 --> 0:22:43.080
<v Speaker 2>trying to free his wife because he worked as a

0:22:43.080 --> 0:22:45.280
<v Speaker 2>blacksmith and so he would leave the farm and go

0:22:45.320 --> 0:22:47.639
<v Speaker 2>find work and use that to get a sense of

0:22:47.640 --> 0:22:50.280
<v Speaker 2>what was going on and all of the plantations and

0:22:50.320 --> 0:22:54.000
<v Speaker 2>things around there. So the enslaved people started getting ready

0:22:54.000 --> 0:22:58.240
<v Speaker 2>for this big attack on the twenty fourth of October. Unfortunately,

0:22:59.000 --> 0:23:02.960
<v Speaker 2>a couple of them were and probably said, oh, we're

0:23:02.960 --> 0:23:04.960
<v Speaker 2>getting ready for a rebellion. They didn't like out.

0:23:05.000 --> 0:23:05.560
<v Speaker 4>They weren't like.

0:23:05.560 --> 0:23:08.760
<v Speaker 2>John Brown's here on the twenty fourth were going right,

0:23:09.640 --> 0:23:12.639
<v Speaker 2>but John Brown and his crew didn't know that, and

0:23:12.680 --> 0:23:16.640
<v Speaker 2>so they were worried that the jig was up. Rather

0:23:16.720 --> 0:23:18.560
<v Speaker 2>than be like, oh, the jig is up, we're not

0:23:18.600 --> 0:23:22.200
<v Speaker 2>going to do it, they moved the raid up a week,

0:23:23.040 --> 0:23:26.840
<v Speaker 2>but they didn't successfully get the word out to the

0:23:26.920 --> 0:23:29.600
<v Speaker 2>enslaved people that they were hoping would join them. Hey,

0:23:29.640 --> 0:23:32.800
<v Speaker 2>the raid has been moved up a week. So this

0:23:32.960 --> 0:23:36.040
<v Speaker 2>is like everyone who's sort of like armchair trying to

0:23:36.040 --> 0:23:38.480
<v Speaker 2>figure out what could have happened if this is like

0:23:38.600 --> 0:23:41.080
<v Speaker 2>maybe the big what could have happened if is if

0:23:41.080 --> 0:23:43.560
<v Speaker 2>they hadn't moved their raid and they had like at

0:23:43.640 --> 0:23:46.240
<v Speaker 2>least one hundred and fifty and some estimates of substantially

0:23:46.240 --> 0:23:51.640
<v Speaker 2>more people who were like ready to go, you know, but.

0:23:51.640 --> 0:23:52.080
<v Speaker 4>They did it.

0:23:52.119 --> 0:23:54.280
<v Speaker 2>Anyway, they moved the raid up, and then they raided

0:23:55.400 --> 0:23:59.560
<v Speaker 2>on October sixteenth. They ate a dinner together as per usual,

0:23:59.840 --> 0:24:01.879
<v Speaker 2>and then they headed out into the misty night at

0:24:01.960 --> 0:24:06.880
<v Speaker 2>eight pm and started on foot towards Harper's ferry. They marched,

0:24:07.200 --> 0:24:10.280
<v Speaker 2>as Osborne Anderson put it, because he's the only one

0:24:10.280 --> 0:24:13.840
<v Speaker 2>who survives to write about what happened. They marched as

0:24:13.880 --> 0:24:18.679
<v Speaker 2>solemnly as a funeral procession. And then just because you're like,

0:24:18.880 --> 0:24:20.760
<v Speaker 2>there have there's been enough swords in this story.

0:24:20.880 --> 0:24:23.040
<v Speaker 3>Lately, more swords.

0:24:23.200 --> 0:24:27.240
<v Speaker 2>Well, more swords are about to enter the picture. Six

0:24:27.280 --> 0:24:30.440
<v Speaker 2>of them peeled off towards the estate of Lewis Washington.

0:24:31.200 --> 0:24:34.240
<v Speaker 2>Lewis Washington was a slaver, and his last name wasn't

0:24:34.280 --> 0:24:37.960
<v Speaker 2>a coincidence. He was the grand nephew of George Washington,

0:24:38.040 --> 0:24:44.120
<v Speaker 2>the most famous slaver of all. Lewis had George Washington's

0:24:44.160 --> 0:24:47.480
<v Speaker 2>sword in his possession, which had been given to George

0:24:47.520 --> 0:24:51.000
<v Speaker 2>Washington by the King of Prussia. And the reason that

0:24:51.040 --> 0:24:53.639
<v Speaker 2>they knew he had this sword is that their spy,

0:24:53.960 --> 0:24:56.800
<v Speaker 2>the aristocrat named Cook, had been hanging out at the

0:24:56.840 --> 0:25:02.560
<v Speaker 2>guy's house. Right So, Cook and a bunch of other people,

0:25:03.080 --> 0:25:07.320
<v Speaker 2>including Anderson are like, we're gonna go over there and

0:25:07.359 --> 0:25:10.480
<v Speaker 2>we're gonna take this guy hostage and make him give

0:25:10.560 --> 0:25:13.920
<v Speaker 2>George Washington's sword to Osborne Anderson, a black man.

0:25:15.280 --> 0:25:18.760
<v Speaker 3>I love the like petty symbolism of that. Like he's

0:25:18.760 --> 0:25:22.240
<v Speaker 3>gonna hate it, I know, And you know what, he

0:25:22.400 --> 0:25:26.680
<v Speaker 3>did hate it. Oh, surprise of rise. They showed up.

0:25:26.800 --> 0:25:30.480
<v Speaker 2>They took him and his family hostage, and they made

0:25:30.560 --> 0:25:32.080
<v Speaker 2>him hand over the sword. As best as I can tell,

0:25:32.119 --> 0:25:33.760
<v Speaker 2>I couldn't find out what happened to the sword later.

0:25:33.800 --> 0:25:38.439
<v Speaker 2>I assume it God captured again. But Lewis Washington was like,

0:25:38.520 --> 0:25:40.800
<v Speaker 2>I handled it bravely. All other accounts are like he

0:25:40.960 --> 0:25:44.919
<v Speaker 2>just baled and begged and cried the whole time. And

0:25:44.960 --> 0:25:46.240
<v Speaker 2>one of the people who did it, one of the

0:25:46.240 --> 0:25:48.080
<v Speaker 2>people who took him hostage was the guy who'd been

0:25:48.080 --> 0:25:50.240
<v Speaker 2>pretending to be his friend for a year. I love

0:25:50.280 --> 0:25:51.480
<v Speaker 2>it so much.

0:25:52.280 --> 0:25:54.640
<v Speaker 3>God to be a fly on the wall when he

0:25:54.760 --> 0:25:56.840
<v Speaker 3>was like, oh, my friend is turning on me.

0:25:57.560 --> 0:25:59.119
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

0:25:59.240 --> 0:26:02.280
<v Speaker 2>They then stopped another estate and took more hostages. The

0:26:02.359 --> 0:26:03.760
<v Speaker 2>idea was that they were going to take the rich

0:26:03.840 --> 0:26:05.520
<v Speaker 2>people hostage, and then they actually took care of the

0:26:06.760 --> 0:26:08.240
<v Speaker 2>before they went out They were like, we're only going

0:26:08.280 --> 0:26:09.920
<v Speaker 2>to kill people on self defense. We're going to treat

0:26:09.920 --> 0:26:12.720
<v Speaker 2>the hostage as well. They like set some ground rules down.

0:26:13.560 --> 0:26:15.320
<v Speaker 2>They stopped at another state. I wouldn't have cared if

0:26:15.320 --> 0:26:16.880
<v Speaker 2>they killed these people. I want to be really clear

0:26:16.880 --> 0:26:19.800
<v Speaker 2>about that. But they didn't, and it was nice of them.

0:26:20.280 --> 0:26:23.280
<v Speaker 2>They get to Harper's ferry. The raiders cut the telegraph

0:26:23.280 --> 0:26:25.639
<v Speaker 2>wires on both sides of the Potomac River to slow

0:26:25.720 --> 0:26:29.400
<v Speaker 2>news getting out. They took the armory and the arsenal.

0:26:29.640 --> 0:26:31.760
<v Speaker 2>What is the difference between an armory and arsenal. I

0:26:31.800 --> 0:26:34.760
<v Speaker 2>don't know, and neither does Google. And they also took

0:26:34.800 --> 0:26:37.320
<v Speaker 2>the rifle works, and I'm sure some listener knows the difference.

0:26:37.359 --> 0:26:39.000
<v Speaker 2>And you know what, I'll actually be curious if you

0:26:39.000 --> 0:26:42.960
<v Speaker 2>tell me. A great deal has been made by people

0:26:43.000 --> 0:26:46.200
<v Speaker 2>like the Daughters of the Confederacy about the first person

0:26:46.240 --> 0:26:48.480
<v Speaker 2>to die in the raid. The first person to die

0:26:48.520 --> 0:26:51.040
<v Speaker 2>in the raid was a free black man named Haywood

0:26:51.119 --> 0:26:55.119
<v Speaker 2>Shepherd who worked on the trains. Raiders told him to stop,

0:26:55.320 --> 0:26:57.320
<v Speaker 2>like the train stopped and he got off to be

0:26:57.359 --> 0:26:59.639
<v Speaker 2>like what's going on? And they were like, hey, stop

0:27:00.040 --> 0:27:02.679
<v Speaker 2>and he kept walking and they didn't know who he was.

0:27:02.720 --> 0:27:04.960
<v Speaker 2>They didn't know what Racey was, and they shot him

0:27:05.000 --> 0:27:09.040
<v Speaker 2>and they killed him. Ever since, people have been like, see,

0:27:09.040 --> 0:27:11.920
<v Speaker 2>the raiders don't care about black people specifically. There is

0:27:11.960 --> 0:27:15.240
<v Speaker 2>a giant memorial to this man in Harper's Ferry today,

0:27:15.640 --> 0:27:19.159
<v Speaker 2>built and maintained by the Daughters of the Confederacy. Next

0:27:19.160 --> 0:27:22.400
<v Speaker 2>To it is a park service sign explaining how Heywood

0:27:22.440 --> 0:27:25.080
<v Speaker 2>Shepherd has been used as a pro Confederacy and pro

0:27:25.160 --> 0:27:29.159
<v Speaker 2>slavery martyr ever since. About the myth of the loyal

0:27:29.280 --> 0:27:32.560
<v Speaker 2>slave even though he was a freeman who had died,

0:27:33.640 --> 0:27:34.680
<v Speaker 2>makes me real sad.

0:27:35.480 --> 0:27:37.960
<v Speaker 3>I can see why your trip to Harper's Ferry was

0:27:38.000 --> 0:27:38.720
<v Speaker 3>a weepy one.

0:27:39.480 --> 0:27:45.080
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, no, it was just it was yeah. Enslave

0:27:45.160 --> 0:27:47.840
<v Speaker 2>people came out to help the insurrectionists and were handed

0:27:47.880 --> 0:27:50.520
<v Speaker 2>pikes and left in charge of the hostages. No one

0:27:50.640 --> 0:27:53.440
<v Speaker 2>quite seems to know exactly how many of them there were,

0:27:53.600 --> 0:27:57.080
<v Speaker 2>between fifteen and fifty, probably in the twenty ish range,

0:27:57.680 --> 0:28:00.440
<v Speaker 2>but maybe that's like whenever I see the numbers being

0:28:00.480 --> 0:28:01.800
<v Speaker 2>bandied around, it kind of pick one.

0:28:01.840 --> 0:28:03.240
<v Speaker 4>That sounds reasonable to me. I don't know.

0:28:04.960 --> 0:28:07.240
<v Speaker 2>They were rather courteous to the prisoners. They let the

0:28:07.280 --> 0:28:10.960
<v Speaker 2>hostages eat food delivered from hotels, and meet with their

0:28:11.000 --> 0:28:13.680
<v Speaker 2>families like they set up visiting hours for their families.

0:28:15.119 --> 0:28:18.240
<v Speaker 2>Local militia showed up to fight the raiders, and then

0:28:18.400 --> 0:28:23.240
<v Speaker 2>the fighting began. The militia also stopped by to break

0:28:23.280 --> 0:28:25.280
<v Speaker 2>into it. There's a bunch of racist violence. It's about

0:28:25.320 --> 0:28:25.640
<v Speaker 2>to happen.

0:28:25.760 --> 0:28:25.840
<v Speaker 3>Uh.

0:28:25.960 --> 0:28:28.040
<v Speaker 2>The militia stopped by to break into a local jail

0:28:28.080 --> 0:28:31.640
<v Speaker 2>and hang a random black prisoner, because racists never change.

0:28:32.920 --> 0:28:37.280
<v Speaker 2>Dangerfield Nubi, the Blacksmith, the old the oldest raider besides

0:28:37.359 --> 0:28:41.000
<v Speaker 2>John Brown. He opened fire as the militia approached. He

0:28:41.080 --> 0:28:45.080
<v Speaker 2>killed an Irish grocer and a slaver who'd graduated West Point.

0:28:46.040 --> 0:28:48.640
<v Speaker 2>Dangerfield and Emperor then ran for cover. I've read it's

0:28:48.680 --> 0:28:51.080
<v Speaker 2>Dangerfield and Emperor, and I've read it's Dangerfield and another

0:28:51.680 --> 0:28:54.200
<v Speaker 2>enslaved person who is there who's unnamed. I don't know which,

0:28:54.440 --> 0:28:58.320
<v Speaker 2>but I'm gonna use Emperor for this. Newby was shot

0:28:58.360 --> 0:29:01.480
<v Speaker 2>by a sniper in the window. The oldest of the

0:29:01.560 --> 0:29:04.000
<v Speaker 2>raiders besides John Brown, he was the first of them

0:29:04.000 --> 0:29:07.080
<v Speaker 2>to die. Emperor then shot and took out that sniper

0:29:07.120 --> 0:29:11.400
<v Speaker 2>A second later. Dangerfield was left to die in the street,

0:29:11.680 --> 0:29:14.680
<v Speaker 2>and White towns. People before he was even dead, started

0:29:15.200 --> 0:29:17.920
<v Speaker 2>cutting up his body to take pieces as souvenirs.

0:29:18.480 --> 0:29:18.640
<v Speaker 4>Ugh.

0:29:19.400 --> 0:29:23.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, uh really and truly, the US was like a

0:29:23.080 --> 0:29:25.560
<v Speaker 2>nightmare world. It was like I've been saying this a while.

0:29:25.600 --> 0:29:27.120
<v Speaker 2>It's just it's the solid movie.

0:29:27.000 --> 0:29:30.160
<v Speaker 3>Like a horror movie. Yeah, Like, oh, I got a

0:29:30.200 --> 0:29:32.120
<v Speaker 3>piece of him? What, Like what did you even do

0:29:32.200 --> 0:29:34.280
<v Speaker 3>with it? You know what I mean? Like why would

0:29:34.320 --> 0:29:36.280
<v Speaker 3>you want to like a piece of something? Yeah, oh,

0:29:36.480 --> 0:29:40.640
<v Speaker 3>give it to your kids. Like, just like, I'm the

0:29:40.680 --> 0:29:44.840
<v Speaker 3>good guy, I'm cutting up people on the street. I'm

0:29:44.840 --> 0:29:49.200
<v Speaker 3>the hero in this story. Yeah.

0:29:49.240 --> 0:29:53.480
<v Speaker 2>The fight turned against the raiders quickly. They were wildly outnumbered.

0:29:54.320 --> 0:29:57.360
<v Speaker 2>The youngest raider was named William Lehman, and he was

0:29:57.400 --> 0:30:00.840
<v Speaker 2>twenty years old. He'd actually I think he'd bleeding Kansas.

0:30:00.920 --> 0:30:04.160
<v Speaker 2>He'd been with them since he was seventeen. He tried

0:30:04.160 --> 0:30:06.520
<v Speaker 2>to surrender and a white militia guy shot him in

0:30:06.560 --> 0:30:10.840
<v Speaker 2>the head. The raiders took refuge in the firehouse now

0:30:10.880 --> 0:30:14.200
<v Speaker 2>called John Brown's Fort like it's it has been renamed that,

0:30:15.320 --> 0:30:18.320
<v Speaker 2>and they also took refuge in the rifle works. One

0:30:18.360 --> 0:30:21.200
<v Speaker 2>of the raiders, William Thompson, went out with a white

0:30:21.240 --> 0:30:24.640
<v Speaker 2>flag and one of the hostages to try and negotiate surrender.

0:30:25.880 --> 0:30:29.280
<v Speaker 2>They captured him and tied him up and took him

0:30:29.320 --> 0:30:31.520
<v Speaker 2>to the bridge and then were like, let's hang him,

0:30:31.520 --> 0:30:33.240
<v Speaker 2>but then instead they threw him off the bridge and

0:30:33.280 --> 0:30:34.400
<v Speaker 2>shot him on his way down.

0:30:35.160 --> 0:30:35.680
<v Speaker 4>Jesus.

0:30:36.840 --> 0:30:39.040
<v Speaker 2>Most of the raiders at this point were like, I

0:30:39.040 --> 0:30:41.120
<v Speaker 2>want to get the fuck out of here. This didn't work.

0:30:41.360 --> 0:30:42.000
<v Speaker 4>I'm done.

0:30:42.560 --> 0:30:46.120
<v Speaker 2>The battle was lost. The rifle works was surrounded, and

0:30:46.160 --> 0:30:48.800
<v Speaker 2>the raiders in it tried to escape out back across

0:30:48.840 --> 0:30:52.160
<v Speaker 2>the river, including both Copeland and Leary, are friends from Oberlin.

0:30:53.600 --> 0:30:56.920
<v Speaker 2>Both of them were wounded and captured. Leary died from

0:30:56.960 --> 0:30:59.680
<v Speaker 2>his wounds after about ten hours, while Copeland survived to

0:30:59.680 --> 0:31:04.840
<v Speaker 2>stand trial. Two raiders, including Anderson and this white man

0:31:04.880 --> 0:31:08.640
<v Speaker 2>named Hazlitt, successfully made it across the river once they

0:31:08.680 --> 0:31:11.080
<v Speaker 2>realized that everyone else was surrounded and there was nothing

0:31:11.080 --> 0:31:14.280
<v Speaker 2>more they could do. Some folks have tried to paint

0:31:14.320 --> 0:31:16.760
<v Speaker 2>Anderson as like a coward and who like ran, because

0:31:16.760 --> 0:31:18.680
<v Speaker 2>he later wrote he's the one who survived and wrote

0:31:18.680 --> 0:31:21.240
<v Speaker 2>an account of all of this. He later wrote that

0:31:21.280 --> 0:31:23.680
<v Speaker 2>basically he had left once John Brown had been captured,

0:31:24.480 --> 0:31:26.400
<v Speaker 2>but that was the next morning. He had left the

0:31:26.480 --> 0:31:29.800
<v Speaker 2>night before, but he left when it was when he

0:31:29.840 --> 0:31:32.280
<v Speaker 2>was surrounded and failing at surrendering.

0:31:31.720 --> 0:31:34.040
<v Speaker 4>And the battle was lost.

0:31:34.120 --> 0:31:37.720
<v Speaker 2>I do not like, I don't think anyone alive has

0:31:37.720 --> 0:31:41.720
<v Speaker 2>the right to call this man a coward. US Marines

0:31:41.800 --> 0:31:44.680
<v Speaker 2>arrived on the scene by nightfall, under the command of

0:31:44.720 --> 0:31:48.680
<v Speaker 2>none other than Robert E. Lee, later the Confederate General.

0:31:49.640 --> 0:31:50.240
<v Speaker 4>Famous man.

0:31:50.240 --> 0:31:53.400
<v Speaker 2>Everyone loves him, everyone tries to people try so hard

0:31:53.400 --> 0:31:54.440
<v Speaker 2>to recuperate that man.

0:31:54.480 --> 0:31:58.840
<v Speaker 3>In particular, there was a high school named after him

0:31:58.840 --> 0:31:59.720
<v Speaker 3>when I was growing up.

0:32:00.520 --> 0:32:06.200
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yep uh, the man who arrested John Brown and

0:32:07.000 --> 0:32:08.000
<v Speaker 2>led the Confederacy.

0:32:08.760 --> 0:32:09.200
<v Speaker 4>Hooray.

0:32:11.080 --> 0:32:14.680
<v Speaker 2>Brown tried to negotiate surrender twice but was denied. They

0:32:14.720 --> 0:32:17.600
<v Speaker 2>offered him unconditional surrender, and he denied.

0:32:17.280 --> 0:32:18.800
<v Speaker 4>That as well. He still had hostages.

0:32:19.880 --> 0:32:23.640
<v Speaker 2>The Marines smashed down the door, and the raiders did

0:32:23.680 --> 0:32:27.640
<v Speaker 2>not kill their hostages. They did kill one Marine and

0:32:27.680 --> 0:32:31.760
<v Speaker 2>they were then captured. There was a bunch of enslaved

0:32:31.760 --> 0:32:34.960
<v Speaker 2>people in the fort with them who were immediately were like, oh, no,

0:32:35.200 --> 0:32:37.440
<v Speaker 2>we're totally we were talking about before. They were just like, ah,

0:32:37.520 --> 0:32:40.320
<v Speaker 2>we were taking hostage too, Like oh, what's going on?

0:32:41.160 --> 0:32:42.960
<v Speaker 2>Thanks for rescuing us.

0:32:42.960 --> 0:32:43.720
<v Speaker 3>They got your hair.

0:32:44.480 --> 0:32:51.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and it worked because white Virginians were not very intelligent.

0:32:52.320 --> 0:32:55.479
<v Speaker 3>No, that is a commitment to not seeing yourself as

0:32:55.880 --> 0:32:56.760
<v Speaker 3>the bad guy.

0:32:56.760 --> 0:33:04.240
<v Speaker 2>Like, yeah, totally. Obviously these people alike us, and so

0:33:04.360 --> 0:33:06.800
<v Speaker 2>that saved their lives and it left them a chance

0:33:06.840 --> 0:33:09.520
<v Speaker 2>to continue the fight, which they did and famously they

0:33:09.720 --> 0:33:13.880
<v Speaker 2>won a few years later, Emperor tried to join them,

0:33:14.120 --> 0:33:18.320
<v Speaker 2>but he was recognized. Only five of the Raiders survived

0:33:18.320 --> 0:33:23.400
<v Speaker 2>to stand trial, John Brown, Emperor, Copeland, and one of

0:33:23.400 --> 0:33:26.760
<v Speaker 2>the Quaker men Kopic. I believe the other Copic was

0:33:27.280 --> 0:33:29.480
<v Speaker 2>three people had like stayed back at the farmhouse to

0:33:29.520 --> 0:33:33.040
<v Speaker 2>guard all the extra weapons, and I think that guy survived,

0:33:33.080 --> 0:33:36.680
<v Speaker 2>but I'm not. I don't remember, honestly. And then Cook,

0:33:36.800 --> 0:33:39.120
<v Speaker 2>the aristocrat who had worked as a spy. These are

0:33:39.160 --> 0:33:43.200
<v Speaker 2>the only people alive left to stand trial. Letters start

0:33:43.240 --> 0:33:46.760
<v Speaker 2>pouring in and support the raiders. Honestly, these remind me

0:33:46.800 --> 0:33:50.560
<v Speaker 2>of like the Luigi letters that people see now. Many

0:33:50.600 --> 0:33:53.160
<v Speaker 2>people who wrote these letters declared that they were going

0:33:53.200 --> 0:33:56.640
<v Speaker 2>to assassinate Governor Wise, the governor who assigned their death warrants.

0:33:57.240 --> 0:33:59.560
<v Speaker 2>They were like long letters. They were like there's a

0:33:59.640 --> 0:34:02.719
<v Speaker 2>thousand men being trained specifically to kill you in New

0:34:02.800 --> 0:34:03.400
<v Speaker 2>York State.

0:34:06.120 --> 0:34:08.480
<v Speaker 3>It is kind of like the Luigi letters. I saw that.

0:34:08.560 --> 0:34:11.799
<v Speaker 3>He was like, love the support, but how about we

0:34:11.920 --> 0:34:15.040
<v Speaker 3>cap it at five photos being sent to me per

0:34:15.160 --> 0:34:16.359
<v Speaker 3>person writing me a letter.

0:34:16.400 --> 0:34:23.720
<v Speaker 2>Okay, but everyone is against things like that. People aren't

0:34:23.960 --> 0:34:28.640
<v Speaker 2>sick and dying anyway. One man from Indianapolis wrote a

0:34:28.760 --> 0:34:31.360
<v Speaker 2>letter on December sixteenth, which was the day that the

0:34:31.440 --> 0:34:34.959
<v Speaker 2>last of these people gets hanged, and the letter read,

0:34:36.080 --> 0:34:39.360
<v Speaker 2>dear son of a Bitch and Southern Dog, my friends

0:34:39.400 --> 0:34:41.920
<v Speaker 2>are probably in heaven while I pen these few lines

0:34:42.520 --> 0:34:44.560
<v Speaker 2>by you Southern Dogs on the way to hell.

0:34:46.120 --> 0:34:47.880
<v Speaker 4>So wow, people.

0:34:47.600 --> 0:34:51.799
<v Speaker 2>Are pretty clear again, not a weird, isolated group that

0:34:51.880 --> 0:34:55.160
<v Speaker 2>no one supported. Yes, a group that most people did

0:34:55.200 --> 0:34:57.160
<v Speaker 2>not want to join directly because it was a suicide

0:34:57.160 --> 0:34:58.120
<v Speaker 2>mission and everyone knew.

0:34:58.920 --> 0:35:01.960
<v Speaker 3>But there's a difference between like, oh, I don't support

0:35:02.000 --> 0:35:04.160
<v Speaker 3>this and I don't personally feel the need to join

0:35:04.239 --> 0:35:06.759
<v Speaker 3>up with them on this suicide mission.

0:35:06.760 --> 0:35:08.960
<v Speaker 2>Totally, and even like because people make a big deal

0:35:09.000 --> 0:35:11.040
<v Speaker 2>out of like all Frederick Douglas said no, and you're

0:35:11.080 --> 0:35:13.360
<v Speaker 2>like yeah, and then said I don't know whether it

0:35:13.440 --> 0:35:16.560
<v Speaker 2>was because I was being smart or cowardly, you know,

0:35:17.080 --> 0:35:19.360
<v Speaker 2>and like It's probably for the best that Frederick Douglas

0:35:19.440 --> 0:35:22.080
<v Speaker 2>didn't go, yeah, because he went on to continue to

0:35:22.120 --> 0:35:26.920
<v Speaker 2>do really important shit. John Brown, though, he gets to

0:35:26.920 --> 0:35:30.320
<v Speaker 2>be the first person in US history executed for treason.

0:35:31.320 --> 0:35:35.400
<v Speaker 2>Really yeah, I was surprised by that. I looked at

0:35:35.400 --> 0:35:37.440
<v Speaker 2>the like list of everyone accused of treason, and everyone

0:35:37.480 --> 0:35:40.239
<v Speaker 2>else had been like pardoned at the last minute, and

0:35:40.239 --> 0:35:42.799
<v Speaker 2>shit like that. No one was coming in to part

0:35:42.840 --> 0:35:46.680
<v Speaker 2>in this man at the last minute. His execution on

0:35:46.719 --> 0:35:51.319
<v Speaker 2>December second, eighteen fifty nine was public. They specifically wanted

0:35:51.320 --> 0:35:54.840
<v Speaker 2>it public so that everyone could see him die, but

0:35:54.920 --> 0:35:58.240
<v Speaker 2>the guards were ordered specifically to keep the crowds away

0:35:58.360 --> 0:36:00.719
<v Speaker 2>far enough that they couldn't hear any life speech he

0:36:00.800 --> 0:36:04.360
<v Speaker 2>might want to give. But his last words were instead

0:36:04.400 --> 0:36:06.960
<v Speaker 2>written on a piece of paper and passed to a guard.

0:36:08.160 --> 0:36:12.080
<v Speaker 2>They said, I, John Brown am now certain that the

0:36:12.120 --> 0:36:15.080
<v Speaker 2>crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away.

0:36:15.520 --> 0:36:18.560
<v Speaker 4>But with blood. He was correct.

0:36:19.560 --> 0:36:21.480
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, like very correct.

0:36:21.719 --> 0:36:23.000
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

0:36:23.120 --> 0:36:26.440
<v Speaker 2>His actual last words were to the hangman, he said,

0:36:27.000 --> 0:36:33.360
<v Speaker 2>don't keep me waiting. Just also goes hard. Meanwhile, the

0:36:33.400 --> 0:36:36.359
<v Speaker 2>two black men who are tried, Emperor and Copeland, were

0:36:36.400 --> 0:36:41.799
<v Speaker 2>convicted of every charge, but treason. Since they couldn't be citizens,

0:36:42.400 --> 0:36:47.279
<v Speaker 2>they could not commit treason. The court decided. A black

0:36:47.320 --> 0:36:50.839
<v Speaker 2>abolitionist in New York wrote, quote, it was the climax

0:36:50.920 --> 0:36:53.759
<v Speaker 2>of tyranny to rob us the paltry privilege of being

0:36:53.840 --> 0:36:59.160
<v Speaker 2>traders to this devil inspired and god forsaken government. These

0:36:59.200 --> 0:37:02.320
<v Speaker 2>people all had such a way with words, I know,

0:37:03.480 --> 0:37:07.480
<v Speaker 2>I know, like everyone was a fucking poet when you

0:37:07.520 --> 0:37:09.160
<v Speaker 2>had to handwrite everything, you know.

0:37:09.560 --> 0:37:14.080
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, like in old timey pen like yeah, really, like no,

0:37:14.480 --> 0:37:16.919
<v Speaker 3>it's time for I guess like that is a great

0:37:16.920 --> 0:37:19.799
<v Speaker 3>opportunity for a little flourish.

0:37:19.280 --> 0:37:25.280
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, totally. The night before their execution, the two white prisoners,

0:37:25.360 --> 0:37:28.680
<v Speaker 2>Cook and Copic, tried to escape. They used a knife

0:37:28.680 --> 0:37:31.040
<v Speaker 2>that Emperor had smuggled to them to dig a hole

0:37:31.080 --> 0:37:33.120
<v Speaker 2>in the wall, and they got out of their cell

0:37:33.200 --> 0:37:35.520
<v Speaker 2>and made it into the yard, but they didn't make it.

0:37:35.480 --> 0:37:37.160
<v Speaker 4>Over the wall. Before they were recaptured.

0:37:38.440 --> 0:37:42.800
<v Speaker 2>Copeland wrote letters from jail, like a ton of them.

0:37:43.080 --> 0:37:47.120
<v Speaker 2>He offered courage to the Oberlin Anti Slavery Society, and

0:37:47.880 --> 0:37:50.160
<v Speaker 2>on the morning of his death he wrote to his family,

0:37:51.000 --> 0:37:55.000
<v Speaker 2>I'm gonna quote part of it. I have seen declining

0:37:55.040 --> 0:37:59.480
<v Speaker 2>behind me. The Western mountains for the last time. Last night,

0:37:59.560 --> 0:38:02.439
<v Speaker 2>for the last time, I beheld the soft bright moon

0:38:02.560 --> 0:38:06.120
<v Speaker 2>as it rose, casting its mellow light into my felon cell,

0:38:06.640 --> 0:38:10.600
<v Speaker 2>dissipating the darkness and filtering it with the soft, pleasant light,

0:38:10.960 --> 0:38:13.840
<v Speaker 2>which causes such thrills of joy to all those in

0:38:13.920 --> 0:38:18.560
<v Speaker 2>circumstances With myself, I am well, both in body and

0:38:18.640 --> 0:38:21.799
<v Speaker 2>in mind. And now, dear ones, I must bid you

0:38:21.840 --> 0:38:26.840
<v Speaker 2>that last long sad farewell your son and brother in eternity.

0:38:28.480 --> 0:38:33.320
<v Speaker 2>I mean a poet, Yeah, I actually when there's people

0:38:33.360 --> 0:38:36.000
<v Speaker 2>around me, I practice reading these parts so I can

0:38:36.000 --> 0:38:37.799
<v Speaker 2>get the crying while reading out of the way.

0:38:38.800 --> 0:38:42.000
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I mean, you really you voice them so beautifully

0:38:42.000 --> 0:38:44.279
<v Speaker 3>as well, And I think thanks, you know, I just

0:38:44.560 --> 0:38:47.839
<v Speaker 3>I really appreciate on the show that you really want

0:38:47.880 --> 0:38:50.560
<v Speaker 3>to hear from people in their own words, because I

0:38:50.600 --> 0:38:52.920
<v Speaker 3>think it's easy to see these people as pictures in

0:38:52.960 --> 0:38:56.400
<v Speaker 3>a history book and not you know, really be taken

0:38:56.400 --> 0:38:59.719
<v Speaker 3>into the emotional experience of the choices they were making

0:38:59.719 --> 0:39:02.080
<v Speaker 3>in the consequences they were grappling with, Like it really,

0:39:02.120 --> 0:39:03.080
<v Speaker 3>it really hits different.

0:39:03.840 --> 0:39:06.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, when you're like he had a family, he loved

0:39:06.840 --> 0:39:08.960
<v Speaker 2>his family, and he made this decision.

0:39:09.320 --> 0:39:10.080
<v Speaker 4>You know, like.

0:39:11.600 --> 0:39:15.320
<v Speaker 2>His last words were, if I am dying for freedom,

0:39:15.360 --> 0:39:18.040
<v Speaker 2>I could not die for a better cause. I'd rather

0:39:18.160 --> 0:39:22.160
<v Speaker 2>die than be a slave. And he tried to give

0:39:22.200 --> 0:39:24.320
<v Speaker 2>a speech from the gallows, but they put a hood.

0:39:24.080 --> 0:39:25.960
<v Speaker 4>Over his head. Fuckers.

0:39:26.640 --> 0:39:32.160
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and of course they segregated the execution. The two

0:39:32.280 --> 0:39:34.839
<v Speaker 2>black men were hanged and then later the two white

0:39:34.880 --> 0:39:35.560
<v Speaker 2>men were hanged.

0:39:36.480 --> 0:39:39.359
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. I mean it just really shows the commitment of like,

0:39:39.680 --> 0:39:42.400
<v Speaker 3>at this point, what difference does it make if you

0:39:42.400 --> 0:39:45.719
<v Speaker 3>you know it, like you're killing them, Yeah, you have

0:39:45.760 --> 0:39:46.480
<v Speaker 3>to do it separately.

0:39:46.840 --> 0:39:50.080
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, totally, like because their whole thing is they were

0:39:50.080 --> 0:39:54.920
<v Speaker 2>fighting for, like, we shouldn't be separate, you motherfuckers, you know.

0:39:55.600 --> 0:39:58.160
<v Speaker 2>And they're like, oh, oh you're separate. Yeah, different thing,

0:39:58.480 --> 0:40:01.879
<v Speaker 2>very different thing. But before I talk about the two

0:40:02.040 --> 0:40:05.839
<v Speaker 2>that escaped, we can't escape our obligations to our sponsors,

0:40:06.120 --> 0:40:10.760
<v Speaker 2>who we love dearly, and in particular our sponsor French

0:40:10.920 --> 0:40:15.879
<v Speaker 2>artillery swords, which were used in Bleeding Kansas, in particular, Oh,

0:40:15.880 --> 0:40:17.160
<v Speaker 2>I'm going to get the years wrong. I don't have

0:40:17.160 --> 0:40:19.440
<v Speaker 2>it in front of me. There's an earlier model in

0:40:19.480 --> 0:40:22.520
<v Speaker 2>which there's scales on the handle, a fish scale handle.

0:40:22.560 --> 0:40:25.480
<v Speaker 2>It's a solid bronze handle, and that's the one that

0:40:25.520 --> 0:40:29.440
<v Speaker 2>they used. Unfortunately, the only available replicas are the later

0:40:29.600 --> 0:40:33.480
<v Speaker 2>revision from a couple decades later of the French artillery sword.

0:40:33.960 --> 0:40:37.959
<v Speaker 2>But still it's a good sword, whatever the.

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<v Speaker 3>Model, Margaret, when are you going to get your spinoff

0:40:41.000 --> 0:40:41.760
<v Speaker 3>sword cast?

0:40:44.440 --> 0:40:47.120
<v Speaker 2>I'm just gonna one day be like and now an

0:40:47.200 --> 0:40:52.160
<v Speaker 2>episode on arms and armor of like, no, because I

0:40:52.200 --> 0:40:53.640
<v Speaker 2>have to be more than one episode, because I'd have

0:40:53.680 --> 0:40:55.880
<v Speaker 2>to be like because I can accidentally go on a

0:40:55.960 --> 0:40:58.280
<v Speaker 2>rant about the difference between chain Mill and Western Europe

0:40:58.320 --> 0:41:00.480
<v Speaker 2>and India, and it's a very important different but it's

0:41:00.520 --> 0:41:01.160
<v Speaker 2>not the kind of.

0:41:01.120 --> 0:41:01.920
<v Speaker 4>Thing that I'm going to use.

0:41:02.040 --> 0:41:05.040
<v Speaker 2>Say right now, Well, here's the.

0:41:05.000 --> 0:41:15.600
<v Speaker 5>Ads and we're back. Welcome back to cool swords. Do

0:41:15.760 --> 0:41:17.000
<v Speaker 5>cool stuff.

0:41:19.600 --> 0:41:26.240
<v Speaker 3>Are special enough? Listen to that green lit immediately? Yes's

0:41:26.360 --> 0:41:27.000
<v Speaker 3>tracked this one.

0:41:27.400 --> 0:41:27.640
<v Speaker 4>Yes.

0:41:29.960 --> 0:41:34.080
<v Speaker 2>So the two folks who got away, who successfully swam

0:41:34.080 --> 0:41:38.400
<v Speaker 2>across the river were Anderson and Haslt, and they fled

0:41:38.400 --> 0:41:40.919
<v Speaker 2>across the river and they started the endless hike north.

0:41:40.960 --> 0:41:42.319
<v Speaker 2>They first tried to be like, oh, we're gonna cut

0:41:42.320 --> 0:41:44.680
<v Speaker 2>into town and they were like, oh, that's not safe,

0:41:44.719 --> 0:41:48.440
<v Speaker 2>and so they kept going. They split up when Hazlet

0:41:48.480 --> 0:41:50.840
<v Speaker 2>didn't have the energy to keep going. Basically, they were like,

0:41:50.920 --> 0:41:53.880
<v Speaker 2>I can't walk another mile, and Anderson was like, I

0:41:54.120 --> 0:41:55.160
<v Speaker 2>don't want to get caught.

0:41:55.280 --> 0:41:56.399
<v Speaker 4>I'm sorry, good luck.

0:41:57.880 --> 0:42:01.920
<v Speaker 2>Later has Lit returned home and he was captured and

0:42:01.960 --> 0:42:06.360
<v Speaker 2>hanged in eighteen sixty. Anderson the only one of the

0:42:06.400 --> 0:42:10.000
<v Speaker 2>raiders to sort of survive to tell the tale. The

0:42:10.000 --> 0:42:12.600
<v Speaker 2>ones who hung out at the farmhouse also survived for

0:42:12.640 --> 0:42:14.680
<v Speaker 2>a bit, and I feel bad kind of leaving them out,

0:42:14.719 --> 0:42:18.880
<v Speaker 2>but they weren't in the fighting whatever. Anderson made it

0:42:18.920 --> 0:42:22.680
<v Speaker 2>to York Pennsylvania. He fucking walked across Maryland into Pennsylvania,

0:42:23.480 --> 0:42:25.800
<v Speaker 2>where he met up with someone from the Underground Railroad

0:42:25.920 --> 0:42:28.000
<v Speaker 2>who got him on a train to Philly and several

0:42:28.080 --> 0:42:32.319
<v Speaker 2>changes of close, he tried to go home. His own

0:42:32.400 --> 0:42:35.960
<v Speaker 2>father was like, no, get away from here, and I'll

0:42:35.960 --> 0:42:39.680
<v Speaker 2>have you arrested if you return, which I don't like.

0:42:41.160 --> 0:42:43.880
<v Speaker 2>So then he went to Ohio and he took probably

0:42:43.920 --> 0:42:47.880
<v Speaker 2>a ferry to Canada. Anderson lived the rest of his

0:42:47.920 --> 0:42:50.400
<v Speaker 2>life hard. By the time he made it to Canada,

0:42:50.520 --> 0:42:52.600
<v Speaker 2>he was flat broke and had lost a lot of weight.

0:42:53.640 --> 0:42:56.279
<v Speaker 2>He wrote a memoir of the whole thing, probably with

0:42:56.320 --> 0:43:00.480
<v Speaker 2>the uncredited help of Mary Anne and his old newspaper

0:43:00.480 --> 0:43:04.000
<v Speaker 2>publisher and his old boss. It was published in Boston

0:43:04.040 --> 0:43:07.319
<v Speaker 2>in eighteen sixty one. And this goes hard. He went

0:43:07.360 --> 0:43:10.680
<v Speaker 2>to Boston as a fugitive to do a book tour

0:43:12.440 --> 0:43:15.759
<v Speaker 2>does go hard, Like he's the one who's sort of

0:43:15.760 --> 0:43:17.600
<v Speaker 2>like like people kind of try and pain him as

0:43:17.600 --> 0:43:19.799
<v Speaker 2>a coward. Oh, he just his friend, and he's like

0:43:20.120 --> 0:43:23.120
<v Speaker 2>he fucking again, no one can doubt this man's courage,

0:43:23.120 --> 0:43:26.560
<v Speaker 2>who has not been tested by worse. And he wrote

0:43:26.560 --> 0:43:28.759
<v Speaker 2>this and he went on tour as a fugitive, like

0:43:28.800 --> 0:43:31.760
<v Speaker 2>publicly being like I wrote this book about my crime

0:43:32.120 --> 0:43:35.360
<v Speaker 2>that I'm on the run for. His goal was quote

0:43:36.320 --> 0:43:39.520
<v Speaker 2>to save from oblivion the heroism of the colored men

0:43:39.560 --> 0:43:42.840
<v Speaker 2>who so nobly seconded the efforts of the immortal John Brown,

0:43:43.680 --> 0:43:47.640
<v Speaker 2>and to say that yes, enslaved black people joined the insurrection,

0:43:47.920 --> 0:43:50.640
<v Speaker 2>like that's that's the thing that was getting written out

0:43:50.640 --> 0:43:52.360
<v Speaker 2>of history. That he was like, that's not going to happen.

0:43:53.560 --> 0:43:56.200
<v Speaker 2>He wanted to counter the slaves are happy nonsense that

0:43:56.280 --> 0:43:59.959
<v Speaker 2>the South kept pushing. He also wrote his manuscript before

0:44:00.120 --> 0:44:02.279
<v Speaker 2>all the dust had settled, so he had an eye

0:44:02.320 --> 0:44:04.640
<v Speaker 2>on security culture when he wrote it, which I think

0:44:04.719 --> 0:44:07.080
<v Speaker 2>is like kind of neat every now and then I

0:44:07.120 --> 0:44:10.360
<v Speaker 2>cover things that are like not fully resolved in court,

0:44:10.600 --> 0:44:12.960
<v Speaker 2>and I never lie, but I have to be like,

0:44:13.280 --> 0:44:15.879
<v Speaker 2>I can't talk about certain things because we don't know yet,

0:44:15.920 --> 0:44:19.360
<v Speaker 2>because courts aren't done, you know. Yeah, and so he

0:44:19.680 --> 0:44:22.719
<v Speaker 2>did that, and it just makes me happy. He said,

0:44:22.800 --> 0:44:26.560
<v Speaker 2>quote much has been given as true that never happened.

0:44:26.640 --> 0:44:28.759
<v Speaker 2>Much has been omitted that should have been made known.

0:44:29.200 --> 0:44:31.680
<v Speaker 2>Many things have been left unsaid because up to within

0:44:31.719 --> 0:44:35.160
<v Speaker 2>a short time, but two could say them. One of

0:44:35.200 --> 0:44:36.880
<v Speaker 2>them has been offered up. He's talking about it. I

0:44:36.880 --> 0:44:38.759
<v Speaker 2>think he's talking about Haslet, who has now died. But

0:44:39.640 --> 0:44:42.080
<v Speaker 2>one of them has been offered up a sacrifice to

0:44:42.160 --> 0:44:46.759
<v Speaker 2>the Moloch slavery being the other one, I propose to

0:44:46.800 --> 0:44:50.840
<v Speaker 2>perform the duty. Yeah, way of words.

0:44:51.160 --> 0:44:55.520
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, And I really appreciate how committed he was to

0:44:56.400 --> 0:45:00.640
<v Speaker 3>really correcting the narrative that I think, even today get

0:45:00.760 --> 0:45:03.319
<v Speaker 3>so incorrect. Like when I was a little kid, I learned,

0:45:03.360 --> 0:45:06.000
<v Speaker 3>you know, you learn like Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves,

0:45:06.000 --> 0:45:12.120
<v Speaker 3>and yeah, totally it's such a like paternalistic incorrect idea,

0:45:12.200 --> 0:45:16.480
<v Speaker 3>but it also strips black enslaved people of their agency,

0:45:16.600 --> 0:45:18.319
<v Speaker 3>Like they were there, they were part of this, They

0:45:18.400 --> 0:45:23.279
<v Speaker 3>risked things. It's so cruel that, you know, that sacrifice

0:45:23.280 --> 0:45:25.960
<v Speaker 3>and that work and that courage would be wiped away

0:45:26.000 --> 0:45:29.040
<v Speaker 3>and whitewashed in favor of this, like oh, just one

0:45:29.080 --> 0:45:31.040
<v Speaker 3>guy signed something and that.

0:45:31.120 --> 0:45:33.319
<v Speaker 4>Was that totally it.

0:45:34.440 --> 0:45:37.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, Like the more you read history books, you're like, no,

0:45:37.080 --> 0:45:39.560
<v Speaker 2>black people won their freedom in this country, and you

0:45:39.600 --> 0:45:41.480
<v Speaker 2>know what, I am glad that some white people helped,

0:45:42.120 --> 0:45:47.200
<v Speaker 2>but like absolutely, yeah. When the Civil War kicked off,

0:45:47.840 --> 0:45:50.680
<v Speaker 2>Anderson and mary Anne left the safety of Canada to

0:45:50.680 --> 0:45:53.719
<v Speaker 2>become recruiters for the Union Black Army in eighteen sixty three.

0:45:54.560 --> 0:45:57.520
<v Speaker 2>It is possible that Anderson fought in the war them himself,

0:45:57.719 --> 0:45:59.719
<v Speaker 2>but the evidence is mixed. This is where you might

0:45:59.760 --> 0:46:02.520
<v Speaker 2>get into the myth making, like he might have been like, oh,

0:46:02.520 --> 0:46:04.640
<v Speaker 2>I totally fought in the war, but you know what,

0:46:05.520 --> 0:46:07.080
<v Speaker 2>he fucking fought in the war. He just did it

0:46:07.080 --> 0:46:10.800
<v Speaker 2>before it was a war, you know. Yeah, like whatever.

0:46:12.760 --> 0:46:14.960
<v Speaker 2>They stayed in the States, moving to d C.

0:46:15.120 --> 0:46:15.719
<v Speaker 4>After the war.

0:46:16.480 --> 0:46:18.759
<v Speaker 2>Mary Anne was a suffragette and she tried to vote

0:46:18.800 --> 0:46:22.759
<v Speaker 2>in eighteen seventy one. Anderson worked as a messenger and

0:46:22.880 --> 0:46:26.400
<v Speaker 2>was basically broke, I think, just staying with friends. He

0:46:26.480 --> 0:46:29.359
<v Speaker 2>died of tuberculosis when he was forty two years old.

0:46:30.520 --> 0:46:33.120
<v Speaker 2>A few days before he died, he and his friends

0:46:33.160 --> 0:46:37.080
<v Speaker 2>went to visit Harper's Ferry one last time, and then

0:46:37.120 --> 0:46:39.720
<v Speaker 2>he died in his friend's house on December tenth, eighteen

0:46:39.800 --> 0:46:44.280
<v Speaker 2>seventy two. He was largely forgotten about before his death,

0:46:44.560 --> 0:46:46.320
<v Speaker 2>but as soon as he died, people worked hard to

0:46:46.360 --> 0:46:50.279
<v Speaker 2>commemorate him. Frederick Douglas's paper had a eulogy with the

0:46:50.320 --> 0:46:55.799
<v Speaker 2>headline Osborne p Anderson a hero. Mary Anne raised the

0:46:55.840 --> 0:46:59.319
<v Speaker 2>money to pay for his funeral. His father, the one

0:46:59.320 --> 0:47:03.759
<v Speaker 2>who had turned him away, came to the funeral. Louis Douglas,

0:47:03.800 --> 0:47:06.160
<v Speaker 2>Frederick Douglas's son, one of one of his sons who

0:47:06.200 --> 0:47:10.040
<v Speaker 2>fought in the Union Army, was one of his pallbearers.

0:47:10.760 --> 0:47:15.600
<v Speaker 2>His body, I believe, went into an unmarked grave, and

0:47:15.640 --> 0:47:20.360
<v Speaker 2>then it certainly became unmarked when, along with tens of

0:47:20.400 --> 0:47:23.879
<v Speaker 2>thousands of other black people, his grave was on earth

0:47:23.960 --> 0:47:26.600
<v Speaker 2>to make room for a metro station in DC. It's

0:47:26.640 --> 0:47:30.680
<v Speaker 2>now a parking lot. What station I don't know, and

0:47:30.719 --> 0:47:31.400
<v Speaker 2>I'm annoyed.

0:47:31.480 --> 0:47:37.719
<v Speaker 3>Ooh, I'm gonna find that out. Yeah, I curious. Yeah, yeah, it.

0:47:37.640 --> 0:47:41.479
<v Speaker 2>Was the fifties or sixties they unearthed. I read one

0:47:41.520 --> 0:47:45.120
<v Speaker 2>place seventeen thousand. I read another place like thirty five thousand,

0:47:46.040 --> 0:47:48.400
<v Speaker 2>and those people were unearthed and then just sort of

0:47:48.440 --> 0:47:55.720
<v Speaker 2>dumped unceremoniously into a National Harmony Memorial Park in Maryland

0:47:56.120 --> 0:47:58.839
<v Speaker 2>in the year two thousand. Folks put a plaque up

0:47:58.840 --> 0:48:00.400
<v Speaker 2>there for him, and I believe that one of his

0:48:00.719 --> 0:48:02.000
<v Speaker 2>descendants was one.

0:48:01.920 --> 0:48:03.239
<v Speaker 4>Of the people who put the plaque up.

0:48:04.880 --> 0:48:10.480
<v Speaker 2>The plaque reads this dedicated and brave Christian traveled from Chatham,

0:48:10.640 --> 0:48:14.200
<v Speaker 2>Canada to Harper's Ferry, West Virginia to fight beside John

0:48:14.239 --> 0:48:17.439
<v Speaker 2>Brown in his quest to abolish slavery. He later served

0:48:17.480 --> 0:48:20.719
<v Speaker 2>as a Union soldier in the Civil War. And then

0:48:21.080 --> 0:48:24.560
<v Speaker 2>the Bible quote greater love hath no man than this,

0:48:24.880 --> 0:48:27.240
<v Speaker 2>that a man laid down his life for his friends,

0:48:27.760 --> 0:48:34.200
<v Speaker 2>John fifteen thirteen. And propagandist historians have tried forever to

0:48:34.239 --> 0:48:35.839
<v Speaker 2>say that the raid was a flash in a pan,

0:48:36.000 --> 0:48:40.120
<v Speaker 2>a meaningless insurrection, but people are starting to accept the truth.

0:48:40.520 --> 0:48:42.640
<v Speaker 2>It was the raid on Harper's Ferry that pushed the

0:48:42.680 --> 0:48:45.360
<v Speaker 2>Southern States to announce that they would dissolve the Union

0:48:45.400 --> 0:48:49.399
<v Speaker 2>to protect slavery. As Frederick Douglas said in eighteen eighty

0:48:49.440 --> 0:48:53.200
<v Speaker 2>one quote, if John Brown did not end the war

0:48:53.360 --> 0:48:56.920
<v Speaker 2>that ended slavery, he began the war that ended American

0:48:56.960 --> 0:49:01.319
<v Speaker 2>slavery and made this a free republic. But it wasn't

0:49:01.360 --> 0:49:04.080
<v Speaker 2>just John Brown. It was a ragtag mix of free

0:49:04.080 --> 0:49:10.040
<v Speaker 2>black men, self emancipated men, Quakers, Canadians, Oberlin students, a

0:49:10.120 --> 0:49:14.400
<v Speaker 2>blacksmith trying to free his wife. And it was people

0:49:14.400 --> 0:49:17.560
<v Speaker 2>who went happy to their graves because they knew that

0:49:17.600 --> 0:49:18.759
<v Speaker 2>what they were doing was just.

0:49:21.080 --> 0:49:24.879
<v Speaker 3>That's it. Yeah, I mean, I know why I said

0:49:24.880 --> 0:49:27.719
<v Speaker 3>this in the last episode, but I just feel like

0:49:27.800 --> 0:49:32.640
<v Speaker 3>there's so much to learn today from that act of

0:49:32.960 --> 0:49:37.040
<v Speaker 3>courage and organizing. And yeah, I mean, as we go

0:49:37.120 --> 0:49:41.080
<v Speaker 3>into darker and darker times where things feel so lost,

0:49:41.880 --> 0:49:43.680
<v Speaker 3>it feels good to have these things to look back

0:49:43.719 --> 0:49:46.600
<v Speaker 3>on to cling to to find a little bit of hope.

0:49:46.640 --> 0:49:50.160
<v Speaker 2>Totally, and like every part of it, like the raid, absolutely,

0:49:50.440 --> 0:49:54.320
<v Speaker 2>but also like all the jurors had their barns burned,

0:49:54.680 --> 0:49:57.920
<v Speaker 2>you know, and like and the Oberlin students like black

0:49:57.920 --> 0:50:01.040
<v Speaker 2>and white being like now our town is free, Like

0:50:01.080 --> 0:50:03.799
<v Speaker 2>we genuinely don't care what the law is our town

0:50:03.960 --> 0:50:07.480
<v Speaker 2>is free. That's the kind of energy that we need

0:50:07.520 --> 0:50:10.160
<v Speaker 2>to never no one should ever do a crime.

0:50:14.960 --> 0:50:19.040
<v Speaker 3>Glad you added that we're not advocating crime people, but yeah,

0:50:19.120 --> 0:50:22.960
<v Speaker 3>protect your communities, like you set the tone for your community.

0:50:23.040 --> 0:50:24.080
<v Speaker 3>We keep each other safe.

0:50:24.120 --> 0:50:25.360
<v Speaker 4>All of that totally.

0:50:25.880 --> 0:50:28.439
<v Speaker 2>And this thing that's like, oh, we're gonna go free

0:50:28.440 --> 0:50:31.160
<v Speaker 2>this guy. We're getting couple hundred people to go do it.

0:50:31.160 --> 0:50:33.759
<v Speaker 2>It's a big deal, but it probably didn't feel like.

0:50:34.480 --> 0:50:37.840
<v Speaker 2>They probably didn't go being like we are making history,

0:50:37.960 --> 0:50:43.759
<v Speaker 2>you know, but they did like the stuff we do

0:50:44.440 --> 0:50:47.120
<v Speaker 2>will echo into eternity. And I know that sounds hyperbolic,

0:50:47.200 --> 0:50:49.319
<v Speaker 2>but it's still just true.

0:50:49.520 --> 0:50:49.960
<v Speaker 1>Totally.

0:50:50.800 --> 0:50:52.360
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

0:50:52.400 --> 0:50:58.200
<v Speaker 2>Anyway, what I do is make a podcast. But I

0:50:58.280 --> 0:51:02.600
<v Speaker 2>don't know, Bridget, how what do you You got anything

0:51:02.640 --> 0:51:03.480
<v Speaker 2>you want to plug.

0:51:04.239 --> 0:51:06.520
<v Speaker 3>Other than a good comb keep one on your person

0:51:06.560 --> 0:51:10.160
<v Speaker 3>at all times. Yeah, you could check out my podcast.

0:51:10.200 --> 0:51:12.440
<v Speaker 3>There are no girls on the internet, and you can

0:51:12.520 --> 0:51:14.879
<v Speaker 3>check me out on Instagram at Bridget Marie and DC.

0:51:15.480 --> 0:51:18.759
<v Speaker 3>I live in DC, so weird times over here. If

0:51:18.800 --> 0:51:21.399
<v Speaker 3>you want to follow along, feel free to check me out.

0:51:21.760 --> 0:51:23.960
<v Speaker 3>And uh yeah, I'm on Blue Sky at Bridget Todd.

0:51:24.920 --> 0:51:28.440
<v Speaker 2>Hell yeah, uh, I have a Kickstarter. I already told

0:51:28.520 --> 0:51:30.480
<v Speaker 2>you you probably did not listen to the first part.

0:51:30.920 --> 0:51:33.600
<v Speaker 2>And I'm also on Blue Sky and I'm on Instagram,

0:51:34.000 --> 0:51:37.600
<v Speaker 2>and I've used an app to delete everything I've ever

0:51:37.640 --> 0:51:40.640
<v Speaker 2>posted to Twitter. I didn't delete my Twitter, but I

0:51:40.719 --> 0:51:42.280
<v Speaker 2>deleted everything I've ever said.

0:51:42.040 --> 0:51:42.279
<v Speaker 4>On it.

0:51:43.800 --> 0:51:47.640
<v Speaker 2>Because I don't like that site anymore for some weird reason.

0:51:48.480 --> 0:51:48.880
<v Speaker 3>Wow.

0:51:48.960 --> 0:51:49.360
<v Speaker 4>Valid.

0:51:50.360 --> 0:51:52.879
<v Speaker 2>Anyway, Sophia, you got anything you want to plug?

0:51:53.920 --> 0:51:54.120
<v Speaker 3>Yeah?

0:51:54.239 --> 0:51:57.399
<v Speaker 1>I want to plug on our daily show. It could

0:51:57.440 --> 0:52:01.800
<v Speaker 1>happen here. Every Friday, we are running a series called

0:52:01.920 --> 0:52:06.239
<v Speaker 1>Executive Disorder White House Weekly, where we're just giving you

0:52:07.239 --> 0:52:12.759
<v Speaker 1>this week's horrors in one episode, so follow on for that.

0:52:14.200 --> 0:52:18.120
<v Speaker 1>It's just giving you a once a week update on

0:52:18.360 --> 0:52:21.120
<v Speaker 1>where things are at, so that you're not thinking about

0:52:21.160 --> 0:52:24.160
<v Speaker 1>it every five seconds, just once a week, which is

0:52:24.200 --> 0:52:27.360
<v Speaker 1>still a lot, but not every five seconds.

0:52:27.600 --> 0:52:28.200
<v Speaker 4>Yeay.

0:52:28.680 --> 0:52:30.680
<v Speaker 2>It is important to both keep up with what's happening

0:52:30.719 --> 0:52:32.920
<v Speaker 2>and also not get overwhelmed by what's happening, which is

0:52:32.920 --> 0:52:35.280
<v Speaker 2>a balance that I don't think anyone is truly found.

0:52:36.239 --> 0:52:39.760
<v Speaker 3>Not yet. Oh, can I plug one more thing? Yeah,

0:52:40.280 --> 0:52:43.320
<v Speaker 3>just want to give a quick shout for not sleeping

0:52:43.440 --> 0:52:47.680
<v Speaker 3>with your phone in your bedroom to Sophie's point, don't

0:52:47.680 --> 0:52:51.560
<v Speaker 3>doom scroll, be cautious with well how you absorb information.

0:52:52.160 --> 0:52:54.480
<v Speaker 3>Leave your phone outside of your bedroom for a couple

0:52:54.520 --> 0:52:56.279
<v Speaker 3>of days. You will sleep better. I promise you.

0:52:57.600 --> 0:53:02.319
<v Speaker 2>I aspire to that. I am not there yet. I'm

0:53:02.360 --> 0:53:05.160
<v Speaker 2>good at keeping it on. Do not disturb, but and

0:53:05.160 --> 0:53:07.719
<v Speaker 2>I'm working on reading a book instead of staring at

0:53:07.719 --> 0:53:11.879
<v Speaker 2>my phone before bed. All right, well, next week we'll

0:53:11.880 --> 0:53:14.520
<v Speaker 2>have more history instead of current events. Because history is

0:53:14.560 --> 0:53:17.800
<v Speaker 2>completely unrelated to current events. There's no reason to develop

0:53:17.840 --> 0:53:21.080
<v Speaker 2>pattern recognition or learn from our failures and successes in

0:53:21.120 --> 0:53:25.279
<v Speaker 2>the past. It's just entertainment. See y'all next week.

0:53:25.760 --> 0:53:26.160
<v Speaker 4>Huzzah.

0:53:31.520 --> 0:53:34.000
<v Speaker 1>Cool People Who Did Cool Stuff is a production of

0:53:34.040 --> 0:53:37.160
<v Speaker 1>cool Zone Media. For more podcasts on cool zone Media,

0:53:37.320 --> 0:53:40.560
<v Speaker 1>visit our website Coolzonemedia dot com, or check us out

0:53:40.640 --> 0:53:44.040
<v Speaker 1>on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get

0:53:44.040 --> 0:53:45.319
<v Speaker 1>your podcasts.