WEBVTT - SYSK Selects: Sugar: It Powers the Earth 0:00:00.240 --> 0:00:04.559 Hi friends. Sugar is delicious and it is also not 0:00:04.760 --> 0:00:06.960 very good for you. And we did an episode on 0:00:07.000 --> 0:00:12.000 Sugar from June Sugar Colon. It powers the Earth and 0:00:12.039 --> 0:00:14.160 it truly does. It's a lot to this one. We 0:00:14.160 --> 0:00:16.479 probably get it done a two parter, but we shrunk 0:00:16.480 --> 0:00:18.280 it down into one episode, as we try to do. 0:00:18.720 --> 0:00:25.880 And here we go with Sugar right now. Welcome to 0:00:25.880 --> 0:00:28.560 Stuff You should know, a production of I Heart Radios. 0:00:28.560 --> 0:00:36.760 How Stuff Works. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 0:00:36.880 --> 0:00:41.920 Josh Clark. There's Charles Chuck Bryant. How dye uh high 0:00:41.920 --> 0:00:48.480 sugar Dune, dun dune. That's a I was thinking about 0:00:48.479 --> 0:00:50.480 the earlier at the Archies. That was an archie song. 0:00:50.720 --> 0:00:55.600 Oh sugar, honey, honey, dude, dude. See you called Pete 0:00:55.600 --> 0:00:57.680 your girlfriend like a sugar or honey or your wife 0:00:57.720 --> 0:01:00.320 or whatever, and it's those are all sweet things. Yeah, 0:01:00.440 --> 0:01:04.040 that all makes sense. Did you get your head? Yeah? 0:01:04.120 --> 0:01:07.160 I mean you wouldn't call you call your wife something bitter, 0:01:08.280 --> 0:01:14.080 right like um like Korean melon. I was trying to 0:01:14.080 --> 0:01:17.000 think of something bitter. I couldn't think of anything. Come here, 0:01:17.040 --> 0:01:20.280 my little Korean melon. I bet someone said that. Who 0:01:21.040 --> 0:01:23.840 I don't know someone Korean, No, and Korea they just 0:01:23.880 --> 0:01:27.400 call him melons. That's true. Man, this is the worst 0:01:27.400 --> 0:01:31.280 start ever. This is the worst ever. I knew we 0:01:31.319 --> 0:01:34.400 would achieve it. We've been building towards well. We top 0:01:34.440 --> 0:01:38.679 ourselves every episode. Really, that's right, um Chuck, Yes, have 0:01:38.800 --> 0:01:43.080 you ever tasted sugar? I have. I'm trying to bring 0:01:43.120 --> 0:01:46.160 it back from the break. Yes, I have, I have to. 0:01:47.000 --> 0:01:51.960 Sugar is a big popular sweetener these days. It is 0:01:52.640 --> 0:01:54.920 uh and it's been around for a while. I don't 0:01:54.960 --> 0:01:58.280 know if you know this or not, but apparently they 0:01:58.400 --> 0:02:03.640 think sugar is indigenous to the island known as New 0:02:03.680 --> 0:02:09.160 Guinea in the South Pacific around Polynesia, and um that 0:02:09.520 --> 0:02:12.560 as long as five thousand to eight thousand years ago 0:02:13.040 --> 0:02:16.600 the Polynesians were cultivating it, yeah, and going like this 0:02:16.680 --> 0:02:21.400 is the jam, sweet and yummy and sweet energy, and 0:02:21.400 --> 0:02:24.800 it makes us fat. Remember that Simpsons where we're I 0:02:24.840 --> 0:02:27.600 guess Bart grows up to be like a paid taste 0:02:27.639 --> 0:02:31.359 tester and like he drinks that soda and like turns 0:02:31.360 --> 0:02:34.640 into like this horrible, huge, disfigured thing and he goes 0:02:34.800 --> 0:02:39.040 sweet and the guy with the clipboard goes pleasing taste 0:02:39.360 --> 0:02:44.360 some monsterism you remember, I don't remember that it was great? 0:02:44.960 --> 0:02:46.560 Was that the one where they was there all of 0:02:46.600 --> 0:02:49.440 their future selves. No, it was like just a momentary 0:02:49.520 --> 0:02:52.840 day dream and it goes back to like his normal 0:02:52.880 --> 0:02:56.120 self and he's like cool, like he can't wait to 0:02:56.160 --> 0:02:58.760 grow up to be a professional taste. You know the 0:02:59.400 --> 0:03:01.600 table reading he set out on that should be coming out. 0:03:01.760 --> 0:03:04.200 I can't wait this year. Right, it was a good one. Yeah, 0:03:04.240 --> 0:03:07.160 it should be coming out. It's exciting. I'm excited. We 0:03:07.200 --> 0:03:10.600 can't say what it's about. No, I don't know if 0:03:10.639 --> 0:03:13.079 we can. We're just covering. We're gonna air on the 0:03:13.080 --> 0:03:15.000 side of caution because the last one we want us 0:03:15.000 --> 0:03:16.640 for the symptoms to be mad at us after all 0:03:16.680 --> 0:03:20.720 these years for real? Yeah, alright, So where are we, sugar? 0:03:22.160 --> 0:03:30.840 So I guess Apparently island hopped from New Guinea across Polynesia, 0:03:31.320 --> 0:03:34.680 made its way up to Indonesia and then finally landed 0:03:34.720 --> 0:03:38.880 in India. And when it was in India, it really 0:03:38.920 --> 0:03:43.200 started to spread. Everything spread from India back then trade 0:03:43.280 --> 0:03:47.320 routes and thanks to the Crusades, it was brought to 0:03:47.600 --> 0:03:52.560 Western Europe. Well even before that, the Persians started conquering 0:03:52.600 --> 0:03:56.560 the land and they encountered sugar and brought that with them, 0:03:56.600 --> 0:04:00.200 that's right. And then you got Columbus, that jerk brought 0:04:00.240 --> 0:04:03.600 sugarcane itself to the Caribbean and said, you know, like 0:04:03.680 --> 0:04:06.080 some some roots samplings, and said, let's try and plant 0:04:06.080 --> 0:04:08.320 this stuff here. And it turned out it was a 0:04:08.400 --> 0:04:12.080 great place to plant sugarcane, It really was, because sugarcane 0:04:12.120 --> 0:04:16.279 is a tropical plant. Yeah, the cane, you can't grow 0:04:16.279 --> 0:04:19.080 it any just anywhere, but you can grow it in 0:04:19.120 --> 0:04:24.880 places like South America, the Caribbean, South Africa, southern United States, 0:04:25.800 --> 0:04:30.080 hot places, India, as we already mentioned. And it just 0:04:30.160 --> 0:04:34.520 kind of spread like wildfire across the world, especially once 0:04:34.520 --> 0:04:38.360 it came to what's known as the New World, like 0:04:38.400 --> 0:04:44.039 you said, via Columbus. Unfortunately, it also was and it 0:04:44.120 --> 0:04:49.200 became an agent of slavery, Yes, it certainly did. It 0:04:49.320 --> 0:04:52.359 fueled the slave trade for quite a while. Um and 0:04:52.400 --> 0:04:55.559 then by seventeen fifty there were a hundred and twenty 0:04:55.600 --> 0:05:00.000 sugar refineries in Britain. They called it white gold, and uh, 0:05:00.360 --> 0:05:02.280 it was up until that point it had been kind 0:05:02.279 --> 0:05:04.760 of a luxury. Well a little before that it beat 0:05:04.839 --> 0:05:08.560 it became a little more widespread. It was a complete 0:05:08.600 --> 0:05:11.839 luxury like literally it was for royalty pretty much. It 0:05:11.920 --> 0:05:15.919 was so rare and hard to come by. Um. Apparently 0:05:16.000 --> 0:05:23.600 the first enter, the first Seaborn International Sugar Exchange was 0:05:23.640 --> 0:05:27.480 between Venice and England in thirteen nineteen. I saw that 0:05:27.560 --> 0:05:29.560 Venice was the first place where they were like refining 0:05:29.600 --> 0:05:32.200 it really well, right, and the Venetians where that was 0:05:32.240 --> 0:05:34.719 a merchant city if there ever was one. So they 0:05:34.800 --> 0:05:36.520 were selling it and one of the places they sold 0:05:36.600 --> 0:05:40.080 the first place they sold it to overseas was England, 0:05:40.120 --> 0:05:42.440 and it was in thirteen nineteen and they sold fifty 0:05:42.520 --> 0:05:46.840 tons for what's the equivalent of about eleven million dollars today, 0:05:47.200 --> 0:05:49.320 and that's tons with an N N E. I'm sure 0:05:49.560 --> 0:05:52.840 so yes, And right now you could get that for 0:05:52.880 --> 0:05:58.080 about twenty thousand dollars. It was eleven million dollars back then, 0:05:58.240 --> 0:06:01.479 so it was very very expensive. But then two things 0:06:01.520 --> 0:06:05.840 happened that opened the sugar industry and made it available 0:06:05.880 --> 0:06:12.520 to the general public. Uh. The Reformation, which actually strangely 0:06:12.760 --> 0:06:16.279 led to a decrease in honey because monasteries were the 0:06:16.360 --> 0:06:20.440 major producers of honey. Monks kept bees, and the Reformation 0:06:20.720 --> 0:06:25.440 led to a closure of a lot of monasteries, and um. Secondly, 0:06:26.040 --> 0:06:30.040 sugar just became more available. Like those two things happened 0:06:30.080 --> 0:06:32.240 at the same time, and all of a sudden it 0:06:32.360 --> 0:06:35.120 was something that the average person could get their hands on. 0:06:35.960 --> 0:06:38.640 And it actually led to a huge increase in tea consumption. 0:06:39.120 --> 0:06:41.719 Oh yeah, because before then people drank tea. But once 0:06:41.760 --> 0:06:43.880 they started putting sugar in their tea, they're like, we 0:06:44.040 --> 0:06:47.159 love tea, and that's when it became like the the 0:06:47.360 --> 0:06:51.400 national drink of Great Britain. Man, I love a good 0:06:51.400 --> 0:06:53.800 English tea with a little cream and little sugar in it. 0:06:54.440 --> 0:06:58.320 Just delicious. Your t guy, I like the Herby kind more. No, 0:06:58.480 --> 0:07:00.640 I like it all man. I love green tea, I 0:07:00.720 --> 0:07:05.119 love English breakfast tea. I love black tea. I'll even 0:07:05.400 --> 0:07:07.160 do a little I'll try it up every now and then. 0:07:07.920 --> 0:07:12.120 I'm I'm into all of it. That's a wild sidewalker, uh. 0:07:12.120 --> 0:07:15.680 And from about eighteen fifteen, there was a lot of 0:07:15.680 --> 0:07:18.840 warring going on in Europe and there were naval blockades 0:07:18.880 --> 0:07:23.560 by Britain that basically Europe needed that sugar fix and 0:07:23.560 --> 0:07:25.320 they were like, but you can't cut us off. We 0:07:25.480 --> 0:07:29.240 love sugar now. And so in seventeen forty seven, they 0:07:29.400 --> 0:07:33.080 realized that the sugar beat, which is the other way 0:07:33.080 --> 0:07:34.800 you can get sugar, was a great way to do it, 0:07:34.840 --> 0:07:37.440 and that's how they get their sugar today still. And 0:07:37.480 --> 0:07:40.800 the beat is um looks like a beat that's not purple. 0:07:40.960 --> 0:07:43.320 It's a root and it grows up out of the ground. 0:07:43.320 --> 0:07:48.680 Looks like a little uh, just sort of whitish, light brown. Yeah, 0:07:48.840 --> 0:07:51.720 sort of like a turnip. But it's sweet. It is 0:07:51.760 --> 0:07:55.840 about seventeen percent of the sugar beat is uh can 0:07:55.880 --> 0:07:59.040 eventually become sugar, as opposed to only about ten percent 0:07:59.120 --> 0:08:02.040 in the cane, which I thought was unusual. Yeah, so 0:08:02.160 --> 0:08:05.640 you have these two plants that can be processed separately, 0:08:06.080 --> 0:08:11.040 independently and both will produce is sugar indistinguishable to the 0:08:11.080 --> 0:08:15.640 average person, pretty neat. And the reason why, chuck, the 0:08:15.680 --> 0:08:18.600 reason why that why it would be indistinguishable is because 0:08:18.840 --> 0:08:23.120 all plants have sugar. That's right. It's a carbohydrate, a 0:08:23.160 --> 0:08:27.960 simple carbohydrate, and um sugar is a part of photosynthesis. 0:08:28.000 --> 0:08:31.040 But you can't go out and get, you know, a 0:08:31.080 --> 0:08:33.520 blade of switch grass and get enough sugar out of 0:08:33.559 --> 0:08:36.600 it to make sugar, even though the sugar in it 0:08:36.600 --> 0:08:38.920 it's only abundant enough in the beet in the cane 0:08:39.000 --> 0:08:42.800 to really produce sugar. Sugar exactly, but sugars is kind 0:08:42.800 --> 0:08:49.800 of this um. It's it's a molecule that powers the earth. Yeah, 0:08:50.040 --> 0:08:55.360 really like humans, plants, everything gets is powered by sugar. 0:08:55.400 --> 0:08:57.960 It's pretty neat. It is pretty neat. Uh. It is 0:08:58.480 --> 0:09:02.320 also as a you can be use it as a preservative. Um. 0:09:02.360 --> 0:09:06.440 It prevents bacteria from growing in jam um. Sometimes you 0:09:06.480 --> 0:09:08.560 can change the texture. They use it as like a 0:09:08.559 --> 0:09:12.600 food additive to make something look and feel different, not 0:09:12.640 --> 0:09:15.400 only just taste different. They're like, this doesn't put fuzzy 0:09:15.400 --> 0:09:17.960 little jackets on people's teeth when they eat it. Enough, 0:09:18.000 --> 0:09:21.640 So let's add some sugar. And our favorite use of 0:09:21.720 --> 0:09:28.320 sugar is to make booze. Accelerates fermentation. And my favorite 0:09:28.400 --> 0:09:30.920 uses of sugar are to make booze and to make 0:09:30.960 --> 0:09:35.160 Reese's Pieces. Okay, let's not leave that out. It's a 0:09:35.240 --> 0:09:39.120 it's an important part of the production of alcohol and 0:09:39.280 --> 0:09:41.520 Reese's Pieces and Reese's Pieces, and it does make the 0:09:41.559 --> 0:09:45.720 world go round. And the world actually produces quite a 0:09:45.720 --> 0:09:48.480 bit of sugar. So in this article from a few 0:09:48.559 --> 0:09:52.400 years ago, it says that um the world made about 0:09:52.440 --> 0:09:57.040 seventy eight million tons. That's seventy one metric tons of 0:09:57.240 --> 0:10:02.480 sugarcane annually. Is that accurate? Still? Do you know? Well, 0:10:02.559 --> 0:10:06.960 it's just sugarcane. But I know that sugarcane accounts for 0:10:07.040 --> 0:10:11.400 eighty percent of sugar production about and then sugar beats 0:10:11.640 --> 0:10:17.800 account for about um But in I think two thousand thirteen, 0:10:18.240 --> 0:10:21.080 the world produced a hundred and sixty five million metric 0:10:21.160 --> 0:10:25.200 tons of sugar. Okay, yeah, so I guess you'd have 0:10:25.240 --> 0:10:28.280 to be a mathematician to figure out that formula. But 0:10:28.440 --> 0:10:30.240 plus you probably have to have more info than weeds. 0:10:30.280 --> 0:10:34.360 This cave. The cane sugar cane looks sort of like bamboo, 0:10:34.440 --> 0:10:37.720 the stock does. It's a tropical grass. To the top 0:10:37.760 --> 0:10:40.960 of it looks grassy, and it takes about a year 0:10:41.040 --> 0:10:44.160 or to grow. It takes about eighteen months from planting. 0:10:44.720 --> 0:10:47.280 But once it's planted, you know, you cut it back 0:10:47.280 --> 0:10:49.160 to the route and it will take another twelve months 0:10:49.200 --> 0:10:51.959 for that to grow back up to be harvested again. 0:10:53.000 --> 0:10:55.480 So what's the eighteen months thing? Eight months is if 0:10:55.520 --> 0:10:59.160 you plan at brand new, like from from seed, I guess, 0:11:00.000 --> 0:11:02.200 and it grows and breaks they call him cane brakes 0:11:02.200 --> 0:11:04.080 which I always think is like one of the neaterer 0:11:04.160 --> 0:11:08.920 like Earth science terms cane brakes, cane brake. Uh, it 0:11:09.080 --> 0:11:15.080 is grown and not always um refined near where it's grown, 0:11:15.160 --> 0:11:20.960 but it is harvested and u and processed initially close 0:11:21.000 --> 0:11:23.439 to where it's grown, so it doesn't rot, sort of 0:11:23.480 --> 0:11:26.000 like like when we did coffee. You know, you want 0:11:26.040 --> 0:11:27.959 to do most of that stuff near where it's grown. 0:11:28.640 --> 0:11:30.240 And there are some stuffs you have to take to 0:11:30.679 --> 0:11:33.640 harvest sugar at least even get it to the to 0:11:33.760 --> 0:11:38.840 the raw state. But yeah, not every processing place refines 0:11:38.880 --> 0:11:42.280 it all the way to what we would call table. Yeah, 0:11:42.360 --> 0:11:45.200 sometimes it's sent to a refinery, so I guess we 0:11:45.240 --> 0:11:47.839 can cover that in broad strokes here. But it, I mean, 0:11:47.840 --> 0:11:50.720 it's pretty complicated. And yeah, I mean if you're looking 0:11:50.760 --> 0:11:54.120 for the end all be all of how sugar is produced, 0:11:54.320 --> 0:11:57.400 then go watching our long video on YouTube. What was it? 0:11:58.160 --> 0:12:02.200 Remember how how um credibly complex chocolate making is. Remember 0:12:04.480 --> 0:12:09.280 I love all these These are some of my favorite ones. Salt, sugar, coffee, commodities. Yeah, 0:12:09.480 --> 0:12:12.360 the commodity sweet. We gotta do tea. We haven't done tea, okay, 0:12:12.640 --> 0:12:14.920 and wine we still haven't done wine. Yet. Yeah. That 0:12:14.960 --> 0:12:17.200 one that just bugs me that we've got a great 0:12:17.240 --> 0:12:19.920 offer from a nice guy. I don't have his name 0:12:20.000 --> 0:12:23.640 in my memory, but I have his email in a safholder. Yeah, 0:12:23.800 --> 0:12:25.960 and he was like, you need some help with this stuff. 0:12:25.960 --> 0:12:29.559 I've got experts. We're ready to talk to you about wine. 0:12:29.920 --> 0:12:31.840 That could that should be a sweet That's a dense, 0:12:31.920 --> 0:12:36.120 dense topic. All right, so sugar beets, let's talk about 0:12:36.120 --> 0:12:40.640 that in the process. Um, usually they're gonna extract over 0:12:40.679 --> 0:12:43.679 the winter months between September and February. And as we 0:12:43.679 --> 0:12:47.079 said earlier, sugar beat is about seventeen percent sugar. Yeah, 0:12:47.200 --> 0:12:51.960 so not too bad bang for your buck wise, you know, 0:12:52.400 --> 0:12:54.559 I mean considering the cane is only ten percent. Yeah, 0:12:54.720 --> 0:12:56.240 I mean you could pick it up and eat it 0:12:56.240 --> 0:12:58.559 and be like, this is pretty sweet. Oh yeah, seven, 0:12:58.880 --> 0:13:02.160 I guess seventeen percent it And if you're in Russia 0:13:02.240 --> 0:13:07.160 you could That's true. That's their racist pieces sugar beets. 0:13:08.200 --> 0:13:11.480 Uh in a starting international incident. No things are tense 0:13:11.559 --> 0:13:15.520 right now, you know, Yeah, between US and in Russia. Yeah, 0:13:15.520 --> 0:13:18.920 it's like nineteen seventies seven. Again, Well, they kicking us 0:13:18.920 --> 0:13:22.080 out of the space station. I know. Star Wars just 0:13:22.200 --> 0:13:25.880 came out. Uh. So, if you're gonna process sugar beet, 0:13:25.880 --> 0:13:27.320 you're gonna slice it and you're gonna put it in 0:13:27.360 --> 0:13:30.800 hot water and you're gonna boil it, and it's similar 0:13:30.800 --> 0:13:33.440 to sugarcane. They're gonna make a sugary juice. Then they're 0:13:33.440 --> 0:13:38.480 gonna filter it, purify it, concentrate it, isolate those sugars, 0:13:39.480 --> 0:13:43.920 and eventually you're gonna get sugar crystals developing because you 0:13:43.960 --> 0:13:47.960 send that syrupy juice through what's called a centrifuge, and 0:13:48.000 --> 0:13:50.520 that's going to separate the crystal from what is known 0:13:50.600 --> 0:13:53.760 as the mother liquor whatever is left which is one 0:13:53.760 --> 0:13:56.760 of my favorite terms. Now, when whatever is left over 0:13:56.800 --> 0:14:00.080 that's not crystal is mother liquor like byproducts and the 0:14:00.080 --> 0:14:05.960 original juice. And apparently that can be uh extracted a 0:14:05.960 --> 0:14:08.199 few times, I would guess, so to get all the 0:14:08.200 --> 0:14:10.480 crystals out of it. Yeah, and I think sometimes they 0:14:10.520 --> 0:14:14.320 need to add a little sugar dust to spur that crystallization. Wow, 0:14:14.320 --> 0:14:18.120 it sounds like a magical process. It was mother liquor. 0:14:18.200 --> 0:14:21.600 There's sugar dust, and actually know that you bring up 0:14:21.640 --> 0:14:24.560 sugar dusts, you know, do you remember down in Savannah 0:14:25.120 --> 0:14:28.320 like two thousand seven eight, that's sugar refinery that exploded. 0:14:29.040 --> 0:14:32.680 It was sugar that exploded in the air. Yeah, sugar 0:14:32.760 --> 0:14:36.080 dust is particular matter, and when it gets into the air, 0:14:36.400 --> 0:14:41.000 it can catch fire and explode. And it did. It 0:14:41.480 --> 0:14:45.400 blew that place sky high. Yeah. When was that? I 0:14:45.520 --> 0:14:47.640 wrote about it when I got here, so I would 0:14:47.640 --> 0:14:49.560 guess like two thousand seven or two thousand and eight. 0:14:49.680 --> 0:14:52.960 What was the article like, how can sugar explode? I 0:14:52.960 --> 0:14:57.160 think I remember seeing that. We should have touched on that. 0:14:57.200 --> 0:15:00.040 I guess we just did. But I mean, like you 0:15:00.040 --> 0:15:01.680 you go back and check out that now that you 0:15:01.720 --> 0:15:04.760 realize that it was just sugar. Yeah, that blew that 0:15:04.840 --> 0:15:08.920 place up. It it formed a crater. Basically, it just 0:15:09.240 --> 0:15:11.920 blew the whole refiner. Any flour could do that too, right, 0:15:12.040 --> 0:15:15.800 same principle. Yeah, any particulate matter I can do that. 0:15:15.880 --> 0:15:19.479 I think can it's nutty? Yeah? Um, alright, So sugarcane 0:15:19.600 --> 0:15:23.000 is a very similar process. They're gonna pulverize the stalk um, 0:15:23.080 --> 0:15:25.200 add water and lime and that's going to be your 0:15:26.160 --> 0:15:32.040 syrupy sweet juice and not lime like limestone. Yeah, not 0:15:32.120 --> 0:15:34.920 like squeeze limes into it. I had to double check, No, 0:15:35.080 --> 0:15:38.720 you're right, because it's tropical, you know exactly. Uh, And 0:15:38.760 --> 0:15:40.560 they're also going to run that through this interfuge, and 0:15:40.560 --> 0:15:43.240 you're gonna get your mother liquor in your crystals, and 0:15:43.280 --> 0:15:46.320 that is also going to be washed and filtered and 0:15:46.360 --> 0:15:50.200 refined further until you get your sugary white goodness. You know. 0:15:50.240 --> 0:15:55.120 Evaporations going on. It's it's it's one of those things 0:15:55.200 --> 0:15:58.040 that sounds complicated, but it's actually pretty simple. It's the 0:15:58.080 --> 0:16:01.320 same as when you're like making a simple syrup at home. 0:16:01.400 --> 0:16:03.960 You're boiling sugar and water. It evaporates off, and you're 0:16:03.960 --> 0:16:08.840 gonna end up with something super sweet. So chuck their 0:16:08.960 --> 0:16:14.440 byproducts to this whole process. Essentially, molasses is chief among them. Yeah, 0:16:14.560 --> 0:16:17.040 I never knew that. Yeah, it's a byproduct that comes 0:16:17.120 --> 0:16:22.440 from boiling sugar. Right, Yeah, I mean it's it's basically 0:16:22.520 --> 0:16:28.480 the Yeah, it's it's it's the dark like that. That's 0:16:28.520 --> 0:16:30.520 what makes brown sugar dark or sugar in the raw 0:16:30.640 --> 0:16:33.800 dark is molasses. Right. The molasses isn't extracted as much 0:16:34.120 --> 0:16:37.400 as it is with refined white sugar. It's fine. White 0:16:37.440 --> 0:16:40.560 sugar has zero molasses in it, like sugar in the 0:16:40.680 --> 0:16:44.040 raw has more and more, it's less refined um. And 0:16:44.080 --> 0:16:48.040 then the greatest byproduct of molasses is of course rum. 0:16:48.160 --> 0:16:51.240 Yeah yeah, I put a little molasses in my when 0:16:51.240 --> 0:16:54.040 I make melin barbecue sauce. Oh yeah that's good. Yeah, 0:16:54.080 --> 0:16:59.720 that's nice. Another byproduct is called bagas, and that is um, 0:16:59.800 --> 0:17:02.880 the pulp essentially of the cane. Are you making these 0:17:02.880 --> 0:17:06.480 words up? No? Those are rewards. What mother looking in bagas? 0:17:06.720 --> 0:17:10.520 But gas we I think another process we studied. It's 0:17:10.520 --> 0:17:13.760 not it's not central just a sugar. It's just the 0:17:13.800 --> 0:17:18.199 pulpy fibrous matter leftover from this kind of process. I 0:17:18.280 --> 0:17:21.520 wonder what we talked about that and was it? Was 0:17:21.560 --> 0:17:25.320 it coffee? Now maybe maybe maybe? But the ba gas 0:17:25.400 --> 0:17:27.680 is used a big gas because I think I remembers 0:17:27.760 --> 0:17:29.879 discussing whether it was a big gass or by gas. 0:17:30.680 --> 0:17:34.919 It's bagas I listened to it today. Um yeah, we 0:17:34.960 --> 0:17:37.879 definitely cover that before. I'm starting to feel like an 0:17:37.920 --> 0:17:39.920 old man because when you when we have seven under 0:17:40.000 --> 0:17:44.000 topics or so oh yeah, like literally vaguely familiar. But yeah, 0:17:44.000 --> 0:17:46.480 I want to sound dumb, so you don't say anything 0:17:46.520 --> 0:17:48.920 and they just spend the next week and your head 0:17:49.000 --> 0:17:52.199 going over this. I'm telling you one day we were 0:17:52.200 --> 0:17:55.480 going to rerecord a show and not realize it, man, 0:17:56.040 --> 0:17:59.520 and we're going to hear about it. Well, what was it? 0:17:59.520 --> 0:18:03.240 It was still skulls. You know, we never release that one, right, 0:18:03.280 --> 0:18:05.480 But remember I was like, I thought for sure we 0:18:05.520 --> 0:18:09.560 recorded this, no dreams. What it was. We went to 0:18:09.600 --> 0:18:13.920 record dreams and we just were it just wasn't there. Yeah. 0:18:15.440 --> 0:18:17.919 So but gas we definitely talked about. And the gas 0:18:17.960 --> 0:18:20.119 is a great byproduct because that can be used to 0:18:20.200 --> 0:18:25.320 power the sugar refinery. They actually burned that as fuel 0:18:26.200 --> 0:18:28.400 to create the steam used to power some of these machines. 0:18:28.480 --> 0:18:32.760 So that is one way that sugar production can be green. Um. However, 0:18:34.040 --> 0:18:36.600 mass production of anything like this isn't super green because 0:18:37.240 --> 0:18:40.760 they're transporting stuff over large distances and there's clear cutting 0:18:40.760 --> 0:18:44.200 of land. Well that's a big one with with sugar. Yeah, 0:18:44.240 --> 0:18:47.640 deforestation like in the Amazon, right and yeah, that's exactly right. Yeah. 0:18:47.680 --> 0:18:52.200 So even though they're using things like the gas as 0:18:52.200 --> 0:18:55.720 a byproduct to help power why is that funny? Because 0:18:55.800 --> 0:18:58.920 I always hear by gas in my head okay anytime 0:18:58.960 --> 0:19:01.439 you say it. But is not a looked upon as 0:19:01.520 --> 0:19:06.160 one of the more green products that is used and produced, 0:19:07.440 --> 0:19:09.800 like they have to use baby lambs to really refine 0:19:09.840 --> 0:19:13.960 it to its whitest. Not true, Well, it uses their 0:19:14.040 --> 0:19:16.200 souls at least, I guess, if you want to get technical, 0:19:16.320 --> 0:19:19.480 the souls of baby lambs, and then they're just left 0:19:19.520 --> 0:19:22.159 to wander the earth for the rest of their natural lives, 0:19:22.200 --> 0:19:49.120 like not feeling anything. So there's a lot of types 0:19:49.160 --> 0:19:52.359 of sugar. There are. Um, when you think about sugar, 0:19:53.080 --> 0:19:56.000 especially here in the West, you think, oh, that really white, 0:19:56.200 --> 0:20:01.560 like really pretty powdery granular stuff, and that's called table sugar, 0:20:01.880 --> 0:20:04.480 and that's what's known as sucros. That's right, And sucros 0:20:04.600 --> 0:20:11.200 is glucose and fruit toast sucros also apparently occurs naturally. 0:20:11.880 --> 0:20:14.080 But there's a lot of different types of sugar that 0:20:14.119 --> 0:20:19.520 you're gonna find in plants, uh, and from some animals too. Yeah. Yeah, 0:20:19.640 --> 0:20:25.800 So cow's milk contains lactose and gullactose, both of which 0:20:25.840 --> 0:20:32.080 are sugars um sucros. Again, that's typically table sugar, but 0:20:32.119 --> 0:20:34.200 I believe you can find that in plants, and that's 0:20:34.200 --> 0:20:37.600 glucose and fructose, like you said, yeah, and it's even 0:20:37.920 --> 0:20:42.000 one molecule glucose, one molecule fruit toast put them together, 0:20:42.240 --> 0:20:47.879 you've got sucros fruit toast is commonly found in fruits. Yeah. Uh, 0:20:48.080 --> 0:20:53.400 it's also found in honey fruit toastes. And then um, glucose. 0:20:54.119 --> 0:20:57.119 This is the one you commonly think of when you 0:20:57.160 --> 0:21:00.399 think the body and sugar, because gluco us is what 0:21:00.520 --> 0:21:02.159 the body runs on. And we'll talk about that a 0:21:02.200 --> 0:21:04.119 little more in depth than a little bit. Yeah, and 0:21:04.119 --> 0:21:08.119 that's in honey and fruits and veggies. And then something 0:21:08.119 --> 0:21:10.200 called zylos, which I've never heard of, that's in wood 0:21:10.240 --> 0:21:14.960 and straw. It's pretty interesting. Yeah, there's a sugar alcohol 0:21:15.160 --> 0:21:20.000 called zilattle. Yeah, that's very sweet. Yeah. There's sugar alcohols 0:21:20.000 --> 0:21:24.639 and they supposedly um circumvent your blood sugar, your normal 0:21:24.680 --> 0:21:28.080 metabolic blood sugar process, so they taste sweet but they 0:21:28.080 --> 0:21:32.000 don't have any impact on your blood sugar. And one 0:21:32.040 --> 0:21:35.280 of them is called zio Litle zioltle, and that's the 0:21:35.320 --> 0:21:39.600 name of the product. Yeah. There's this uh Danish or 0:21:39.920 --> 0:21:43.919 Swedish gum that's like the best sugar free gum you 0:21:43.920 --> 0:21:47.119 can possibly get your hands on. It's called Ziolidle. This 0:21:47.160 --> 0:21:49.920 is so good. Terrible name though it is, but it's 0:21:49.960 --> 0:21:53.840 named after the sugar, which apparently is based on I 0:21:53.880 --> 0:21:59.280 guess it's probably would sugar alcohol. Wow, yeah, it's pretty creative. 0:22:00.160 --> 0:22:02.560 I didn't. I'm just recounting here, so I know I 0:22:02.560 --> 0:22:06.400 didn't know. You didn't You weren't complimenting me. Uh. Sugar 0:22:06.600 --> 0:22:12.399 comes in different granulations and from icing sugar, which is 0:22:12.920 --> 0:22:14.879 if you've ever heard of confection or sugar that you 0:22:15.960 --> 0:22:20.639 daintily sprinkle on top of your Um what's it called? 0:22:20.680 --> 0:22:22.560 What did you get at the fair? Your funnel cake? 0:22:24.080 --> 0:22:26.439 Those are so good? They are I haven't had one 0:22:26.560 --> 0:22:29.640 year or so. Yeah, they're good. I never like I got. 0:22:29.640 --> 0:22:32.320 I don't indulge in that stuff. Man, what why is 0:22:32.400 --> 0:22:35.000 going on? Chuck? Well, you know, I'm I'm overweight and 0:22:35.080 --> 0:22:37.359 like it's there's just like you don't want to be 0:22:37.400 --> 0:22:39.480 the overweight guy walking up to the funnel cake stand, 0:22:40.359 --> 0:22:42.560 you know, Well that's why you sneak around the back, 0:22:42.720 --> 0:22:44.080 get someone else to go get it, and you eat 0:22:44.080 --> 0:22:49.280 in the alley. Cry. I've never done that. No, I 0:22:49.320 --> 0:22:52.800 avoid that stuff. Ice Cream is my big downfall. Oh 0:22:52.840 --> 0:22:56.480 it's your ice cream? What's your favorite? Um? Well, Ben 0:22:56.480 --> 0:23:00.720 and Jerry's like, but which one? Chubby hubb Oh that's 0:23:00.720 --> 0:23:04.640 a good one. Ironically. Yeah, Um, I gotta tell you. 0:23:04.800 --> 0:23:08.720 Have you had Bluebell? Yeah? Okay? Blue Bell is like 0:23:08.760 --> 0:23:14.520 the third best selling ice cream brand country, But you 0:23:14.520 --> 0:23:17.360 can only get it in like seven states, that's how 0:23:17.400 --> 0:23:21.159 good it is. And um, they have a banana pudding 0:23:21.160 --> 0:23:25.760 flavor that is if you're in Nevada and you can't, 0:23:25.800 --> 0:23:29.160 the closest you can get it is in Mississippi. It's 0:23:29.200 --> 0:23:32.080 worth driving there for and it's like eight bucks for 0:23:32.160 --> 0:23:35.439 like a gallon or a half gallons, ridiculously expensive, but 0:23:35.560 --> 0:23:38.080 it is so good. All of their flavors are good, 0:23:38.119 --> 0:23:41.640 but their banana putting one is like it's just I'm 0:23:41.640 --> 0:23:45.320 about to cry. Yeah there. Um, their radio commercials or 0:23:45.359 --> 0:23:47.560 have you heard those? The songs are horrible. Oh it's 0:23:47.600 --> 0:23:50.199 the funniest stuff you've ever heard. The TV version of 0:23:50.240 --> 0:23:52.240 it is even worse. Yeah, it seems like a joke, 0:23:52.359 --> 0:23:55.040 Like are they serious or is this campy? Oh? They're serious. 0:23:55.480 --> 0:23:59.800 It's like an eighty five year old like braptist preachers 0:23:59.640 --> 0:24:03.359 and are you do like their ads? It's it is. 0:24:03.400 --> 0:24:06.960 It's campy. It's so it's and they don't mean it. 0:24:06.960 --> 0:24:09.160 It is For those of you who don't know the songs. 0:24:09.200 --> 0:24:12.920 It's literally like, you know, mama's baking the apple pie 0:24:13.000 --> 0:24:15.280 and putting in the window sill and like the picket 0:24:15.320 --> 0:24:18.679 fences outside, and we're eating bluebell ice cream because it 0:24:18.720 --> 0:24:21.359 tastes like the good old days. It's really funny. It 0:24:21.440 --> 0:24:25.360 rhymes more than that, but that's just it. I'm sure 0:24:25.359 --> 0:24:28.000 it's on YouTube just type blue belt ice cream. Man, Yeah, 0:24:28.160 --> 0:24:30.960 it's good stuff. Um Man. That was a nice sidetrack. 0:24:31.440 --> 0:24:34.800 So then you got castor sugar, which is larger than 0:24:34.880 --> 0:24:37.320 powdered sugar but smaller than granulated sugar. Yeah, which I 0:24:37.320 --> 0:24:39.160 didn't know about until like a couple of months ago. 0:24:39.240 --> 0:24:41.000