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Speaker 1: Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio news. Madi Glang Rodriguez woke

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Speaker 1: up early on the morning of November sixth and checked

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Speaker 1: her phone. She wanted to see who had won the

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Speaker 1: US presidential election. She opened TikTok, saw that Donald Trump

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Speaker 1: had won, and cried. She cried because she and her

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Speaker 1: family are currently in Mexico trying to get to the

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Speaker 1: US to seek asylum, an immigration status granted to people

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Speaker 1: fleeing persecution and violence in their home countries, and Trump

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Speaker 1: has promised to tighten restrictions on immigration into the country

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Speaker 1: and deport thousands of migrants from the US on day one. Now,

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Speaker 1: his election has given Matti Glang and her family fresh

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Speaker 1: urgency to make it across the border. She told my

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Speaker 1: colleague Maya Aberbach that they've given them selves a deadline

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Speaker 1: Inauguration day because she fears if her family doesn't make

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Speaker 1: it to the US by then, they might never Madi

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Speaker 1: Gleang and her family left their home in Venezuela in July.

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Speaker 1: They've been stuck in Mexico since September. Fresh immigration crackdowns

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Speaker 1: from both Mexico and the US have left them stranded

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Speaker 1: waiting for an asylum appointment that might give them a

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Speaker 1: shot at a new life. This year, a growing number

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Speaker 1: of migrants from all over the world have taken the

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Speaker 1: perilous journey to Mexico, sometimes making it all the way

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Speaker 1: to the US Mexico border, only to find themselves in

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Speaker 1: a similar spot. Alex Vasquez is a Bloomberg journalist covering

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Speaker 1: politics and economics from Mexico City. He and Maya who

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Speaker 1: You Heard a moment ago, have been speaking with asylum

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Speaker 1: seekers in Mexico about what is second Trump term could

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Speaker 1: mean for them.

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Speaker 2: They're afraid that they won't be able to enter the US.

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Speaker 2: They're afraid that their family in the US will be

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Speaker 2: deported and that will obviously reduce their options. And they're

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Speaker 2: afraid that if they get an appointment to legally enter

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Speaker 2: the US, they could even be deported.

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Speaker 1: Alex says, they're asking themselves, will they be able to

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Speaker 1: make it into the US before Trump takes office, and

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Speaker 1: if not, what other options do they have? Today on

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Speaker 1: the show, how new immigration restrictions have left tens of

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Speaker 1: thousands of migrants in limbo and how Trump's reelection could

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Speaker 1: keep them there. This is the big take from Bloomberg News.

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Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Holder to get into Mexico, Mati Glang, her husband,

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Speaker 1: and their three children took the dangerous path followed by

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Speaker 1: so many South American migrants. They crossed the Darien Gap.

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Speaker 1: Then they were held for ransom on the border between

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Speaker 1: Guatemala and Mexico. Madi Gleang said they paid the one

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Speaker 1: hundred dollars ransom each and were released, but making it

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Speaker 1: to Mexico was only the beginning. Bloomberg's Alex Vasquez says

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Speaker 1: that until recently, most migrants in Mexico pursued asylum in

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Speaker 1: one of two ways. Some would cross the border into

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Speaker 1: the US without documents and then turn themselves into immigration

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Speaker 1: authorities to request asylum. Once they got.

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Speaker 2: There, normally they have to go to a court appointment,

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Speaker 2: you know, and they will be monitored until the judge

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Speaker 2: decided their cases, but they could enter the US.

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Speaker 1: Others followed the official process, which started with securing an

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Speaker 1: asylum appointment with US Customs on the Mexican side of

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Speaker 1: the border. These appointments are scheduled through an app called

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Speaker 1: CBP one.

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Speaker 2: Most of them are applying for the CVP one appointment,

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Speaker 2: which is pretty much an appointment that allows them to

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Speaker 2: have like an official appointment with a US official in

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Speaker 2: the border, so they want to have a legal way

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Speaker 2: to enter the US.

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Speaker 1: These CBP one appointments could only be made from certain

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Speaker 1: parts of Mexico and they can take weeks or months

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Speaker 1: to get.

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Speaker 2: You need to have like a pretty decent smartphone to

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Speaker 2: use it. You can imagine that migrants don't have like

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Speaker 2: the best smartphones available because they don't have enough money.

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Speaker 2: I met migrants that got the appointment and they're now

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Speaker 2: in a legal way in the US, and they got

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Speaker 2: the appointment in a couple of weeks. Sometimes it happens,

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Speaker 2: but it's like a lottery. I mean, you don't know

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Speaker 2: when you're going to get it.

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Speaker 1: Alex says either route was long and circuitous and only

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Speaker 1: sometimes resulted in legal status. But in the past year

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Speaker 1: it's gotten even harder.

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Speaker 2: Right now they're having a more difficult time because since

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Speaker 2: the beginning of this year, the US government started like

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Speaker 2: a negotiation with the Mexican government to try to reduce

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Speaker 2: border crossings.

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Speaker 1: Last December, US Secretary of State Anthony Blincoln visited Mexico

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Speaker 1: and put pressure on the country to step up border enforcement,

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Speaker 1: and the summer, the Biden administration started a new policy

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Speaker 1: of essentially freezing all asylum applications during surges of migration.

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Speaker 2: This is in the context of the US election, so

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Speaker 2: the Biden administration was really focused on reducing border crossings.

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Speaker 1: There was one exception to the US asylum freeze. Migrants

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Speaker 1: could still use the CBP one app to schedule an

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Speaker 1: appointment before arriving at the border, and as of this August,

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Speaker 1: they were allowed to apply not just from central cities

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Speaker 1: and northern cities near the border, they could apply from

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Speaker 1: the south of the country too. That pushed many more

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Speaker 1: people to apply for these appointments within Mexico rather than

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Speaker 1: risk entering the US. Meanwhile, the Mexican government responded to

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Speaker 1: the US's pressure with a strategy change of its own

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Speaker 1: last year.

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Speaker 2: Migrants could go to northern cities like Tijuana, for example,

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Speaker 2: like suahua Is where they could wait. The Mexican government realizes,

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Speaker 2: if we have people in the north, we won't be

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Speaker 2: able to reduce border crossings, so we need to keep

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Speaker 2: them south.

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Speaker 1: Keep them south, in other words, send them down towards

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Speaker 1: the Guatemalan border.

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Speaker 2: Mexico is sending migrants to two states of the south

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Speaker 2: of the country this is the states of Chiappas and Tabasco,

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Speaker 2: to really small cities that are not prepared to see them.

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Speaker 1: Waiting wasn't exactly easy in the north, Alex said, but

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Speaker 1: at least there were some jobs and existing infrastructure. That's

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Speaker 1: not the case in the south.

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Speaker 2: They don't have job opportunity, work permits, any kind of support,

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Speaker 2: so they're pretty much in the streets begging for money,

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Speaker 2: with not much to do, selling candies in the street,

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Speaker 2: washing cars. Obviously, sometimes they can get, you know, some

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Speaker 2: job offers from criminal groups trying to you know, seek

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Speaker 2: women and engage them in prostitution and stuff like that,

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Speaker 2: so it's pretty hard to them.

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Speaker 1: According to documents obtained by the Institute for Women and Migration,

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Speaker 1: the Mexican government has moved more than one hundred and

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Speaker 1: thirty thousand people by bus in the first nine months

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Speaker 1: of this year. Their first stop is typically a detention

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Speaker 1: center that's where asylum seekers are screened and processed, but

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Speaker 1: when they're released, they often end up on the street.

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Speaker 1: Alex saw this happen in via Hermosa, the capital of

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Speaker 1: the southern Mexico state of Tabasco.

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Speaker 2: I was able to witness the exact moment when a

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Speaker 2: group of migrants around thirty or leaving this attention center,

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Speaker 2: they just arrived to this vier Mosa city. They give

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Speaker 2: them a couple packages tuna at the shelter. They didn't

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Speaker 2: know where they were. They only know the name of

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Speaker 2: the city, but they weren't aware this is in the south,

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Speaker 2: in the border with Guatemala. They didn't know anything about that.

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Speaker 1: So so disorienting.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, no fun because they were wrapped in the journey

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Speaker 2: and pretty much they Okay, ask where am I try

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Speaker 2: to figure out what I'm going to do next? I

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Speaker 2: saw people. They don't speak Spanish, they don't speak English.

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Speaker 2: They use tipt with the workers at the shelter to communicate.

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Speaker 2: They don't get any information.

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Speaker 1: What does the Mexican government say should happen as migrants

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Speaker 1: are waiting for appointments to request asylum in the US.

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Speaker 2: Well, we interview the former Foreign first Minister, Alicia Larsena.

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Speaker 2: What she told us and what the government is saying

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Speaker 2: is that they're moving them south to give them job

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Speaker 2: opportunities in infrastructure projects in the south, because the government

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Speaker 2: is building big infrastructure projects like trains or commercial hubs,

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Speaker 2: and they're saying they can get job opportunities in the

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Speaker 2: construction or even in agricultural projects. And the government is

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Speaker 2: saying the north of the country was packed, was full

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Speaker 2: of migrants, and authorities were completely overwhelmed. But what we

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Speaker 2: witness is far different from what the government is saying,

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Speaker 2: because these cities in the south, Villa Moosa, Tapachula in Chapas,

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Speaker 2: are not prepared at all. I mean, almost half of

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Speaker 2: the people in Villa Mosa lives in po so they

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Speaker 2: don't have enough jobs opportunities themselves.

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Speaker 1: All this has created vulnerabilities that Alexa's criminal gangs have

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Speaker 1: been eager to exploit. Violence and crime are widespread, and

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Speaker 1: migrants in these southern cities are left with few means

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Speaker 1: of protection. And there's a new US president about to

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Speaker 1: enter office who's promised an even harsher immigration crackdown. How

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Speaker 1: Trump's looming inauguration is pushing migrants in Mexico to reassess

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Speaker 1: their options after the break. Mexico's strategy of sending asylum

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Speaker 1: seekers south has made life harder for migrants. It's also

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Speaker 1: helped bring border crossings down.

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Speaker 2: This pretty much because the Mexico northern border is northern

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Speaker 2: states are you know, less packed rants who managed to

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Speaker 2: get there are sent back to the South. So this

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Speaker 2: way Mexico helped the US to reduce order a crossing.

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Speaker 1: And with Trump preparing to take office and threatening an

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Speaker 1: even harsher immigration regime, some migrants told Bloomberg's Alex Vasquez

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Speaker 1: that they are rethinking their dreams of seeking asylum in

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Speaker 1: the US entirely.

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Speaker 2: Even before Trump mentioned the master deportations. They are aware

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Speaker 2: about who Trump is, and they know what happened in

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Speaker 2: the prior administration, so they're afraid that they won't be

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Speaker 2: able to enter the US. They're afraid that their family

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Speaker 2: in the US will be deported and that will obviously

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Speaker 2: reduce their options. And they're afraid that if they get

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Speaker 2: an appointment to legally enter the US, they could even

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Speaker 2: be deportant. So I also spoke with some migrants that

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Speaker 2: are reassessing their options.

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Speaker 1: One of those options would be to try to stay

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Speaker 1: in Mexico. They can apply for asylum from that country too,

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Speaker 1: but it's not always a great alternative.

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Speaker 2: The big problem is that migrants, most of them, don't

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Speaker 2: want to stay in Mexico. But the reality and I

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Speaker 2: think that is what the Mexican government needs to understand

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Speaker 2: is that they don't want to stay here. So while

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Speaker 2: they're waiting to get to the US, sometimes the CVP

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Speaker 2: one appointment can take also a year. Maybe you need

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Speaker 2: to give them some job opportunity or a way to

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Speaker 2: be integrated into your economy, and then they will live

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Speaker 2: because they don't want to stay here, most of them.

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Speaker 1: There's also an open question around what more Trump might

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Speaker 1: ask the Mexican government to do once he's back in office.

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Speaker 2: Right now, the Mexican government is facing the tough choice

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Speaker 2: of what's going to happen. I mean, we know Trump

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Speaker 2: already had a phone call with Mexican President Claudia Shanebah

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Speaker 2: some days ago. Trump is threatening to impose twenty five

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Speaker 2: percent tariff on every Mexican expert to the US if

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Speaker 2: Mexico doesn't help to reduce both border crossings of migrants

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Speaker 2: drug trafficking, especially fentanil. So if we're seeing a crackdown

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Speaker 2: right now, what we can expect is something tougher next year,

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Speaker 2: because Mexico will try to avoid that.

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Speaker 1: But Alex says the idea that it might get even

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Speaker 1: harder to make it to the US next year is

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Speaker 1: putting pressure on many of the migrants he spoke with.

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Speaker 1: They want to get across the border as soon as possible,

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Speaker 1: with or without an asylum appointment.

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Speaker 2: They're saying, if I don't get disappointment before January, I'm

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Speaker 2: going to try to go to the US border and

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Speaker 2: cross because Donald Trump is going to eliminate all the

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Speaker 2: path we have right now, and I think we may

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Speaker 2: witness a crossing attempts during the last days of December.

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Speaker 1: Mari Glang and her family are now staying in a

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Speaker 1: migrant camp in Mexico City, anxiously waiting for a CBP

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Speaker 1: one appointment. It's been hard not knowing what their future holds,

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Speaker 1: when or whether they'll get a meeting with US immigration officials.

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Speaker 1: Es Gang says the process feels like a game of

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Speaker 1: Bingo all luck. She feels like she's quote hanging by

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Speaker 1: a thread that could either break or strengthen. She just

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Speaker 1: doesn't know. This is the big take from Bloomberg News.

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Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Holder. This episode was produced by Julia Press

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Speaker 1: and Adriana Tapia, who also fact checked this episode. It

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Speaker 1: was edited by Tracy Samuelson and Brendan Walsh. It was

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Speaker 1: mixed and sound designed by Alex Sugia. Special thanks to

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Speaker 1: Maya Aberbach. Our senior producer is Naomi Shavin. Our senior

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Speaker 1: editor is Elizabeth Ponso. Our executive producer is Nicole Beamster

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Speaker 1: borg Sage Bauman is Bloomberg's head of podcasts. If you

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Speaker 1: like this episode, make sure to subscribe and review The

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Speaker 1: Big Take wherever you listen to podcasts. It helps people

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Speaker 1: find the show. Thanks for listening. We'll be back tomorrow