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Speaker 1: Get in Text with Technology with tex staff from hosforks

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Speaker 1: dot com. Hey there, and welcome to Text Stuff. I'm

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Speaker 1: Jonathan Strickland, and today I want to talk about Google's

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Speaker 1: massive restructuring and the emergence of a new parent company

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Speaker 1: called Alphabet. And first an apology because I had intended

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Speaker 1: on periscoping this, sending it out live as I record,

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Speaker 1: but uh, I was currently having some network issues, so

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Speaker 1: the I'm being told my network connection is too slow

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Speaker 1: to actually periscope at the moment, So instead you're gonna

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Speaker 1: get this in just true podcast form. I will periscope

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Speaker 1: other events in the future. And most of you were

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Speaker 1: probably unaware that this was going to happen in the

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Speaker 1: first place, but do keep your ears out. Watch the

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Speaker 1: Twitter feed Tech Stuff hs W or my Twitter feed

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Speaker 1: John Strickland. That's j O N S T R I

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Speaker 1: C K L A N D. And I will be

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Speaker 1: talking about when I'll be periscoping in the future, so

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Speaker 1: you can watch what a real recording session happens to

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Speaker 1: look like in real time. All right, enough of that,

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Speaker 1: let's talk about Google and Alphabet. So on Monday August ten,

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Speaker 1: two thousand and fifteen, Google CEO Larry Page posted in

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Speaker 1: the official Google blog that the massive company would undergo

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Speaker 1: a restructuring and Google would become a subsidiary under a

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Speaker 1: parent company named Alphabet. Now, obviously the tech news world

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Speaker 1: went bonkers as a result of this announcement, But what

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Speaker 1: does it really mean and why would Google ever want

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Speaker 1: to do this? That's the purpose of this episode. So

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Speaker 1: I'm going to talk about not just Google's decision, but

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Speaker 1: what a parent company is, what subsidiaries are, why those

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Speaker 1: things exist, so that we can actually have a better understanding.

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Speaker 1: And one of the reasons I'm doing this is because,

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Speaker 1: even as a tech guy with a kind of general

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Speaker 1: understanding of corporate structure, I was kind of confused too,

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Speaker 1: and so I thought, if I'm confused, I'm sure at

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Speaker 1: least one other person out there is confused. So that's

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Speaker 1: why I want to really dive into this and get

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Speaker 1: a general understanding of parent companies and subsidiaries so that

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Speaker 1: we understand why those exist across different companies, not just Google.

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Speaker 1: So first, Alphabet is the parent company that will oversee

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Speaker 1: a collection of other companies, the largest of which is Google.

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Speaker 1: Larry Page will be the CEO of this new company,

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Speaker 1: So trans transferring from Google to Alphabet. Sarah A. Brend

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Speaker 1: will be the president of Alphabet, and Paige and Brend are,

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Speaker 1: of course co founders of Google. Now, it might be

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Speaker 1: helpful to take this moment to explain what a parent

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Speaker 1: company is and how those subsidiaries work in general. So

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Speaker 1: apparent company is a company that controls other companies. The

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Speaker 1: way it does that is it has to own enough

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Speaker 1: voting stock or control of those companies or more. Actually, now,

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Speaker 1: parent companies are not necessarily hands on with their control.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes you have a parent company that has all these

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Speaker 1: subsidiaries as a means of generating revenue, but they largely

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Speaker 1: remain hands off with those subsidiaries. But then there are

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Speaker 1: other parent companies that get really involved with what their

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Speaker 1: their subsidiaries are doing. It all depends upon the specific companies,

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Speaker 1: but subsidiaries have their own management levels. So while there

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Speaker 1: will be the CEO of Alphabet, there will also still

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Speaker 1: be a CEO of Google. That might sound confusing, but

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Speaker 1: it's it makes sense when you look at how subsidiaries

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Speaker 1: have to manage themselves. So you can kind of think

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Speaker 1: of subsidiaries as the children of parent companies. Stretches the analogy,

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Speaker 1: but it works. So a regular subsidiary, there is such

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Speaker 1: a thing, is one that is owned by a parent company,

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Speaker 1: whereas a wholly owned subsidiary is I bet you're going

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Speaker 1: to guess it owned by a parent company. Now, generally speaking,

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Speaker 1: the most common reason for creating a parent company and

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Speaker 1: subsidiary relationship is to distribute risk and liability, as well

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Speaker 1: as to expand into new businesses without taking the focus

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Speaker 1: away from an already existing line of business. In other words,

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Speaker 1: if you have a huge company that's really good at

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Speaker 1: one thing, and you want to pursue another line of business,

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Speaker 1: it might make more sense to create a parent company

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Speaker 1: and a subsidiary dedicated to that new business instead of

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Speaker 1: lumping it under the existing company. Google has been operating

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Speaker 1: under that second approach for quite some time. Google's just

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Speaker 1: this massive company that has acquired other businesses, most of

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Speaker 1: which are only tangentially aligned with Google's main business, and

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Speaker 1: the more Google does that, the harder it is to

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Speaker 1: manage everything. Going with a parent company makes that management

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Speaker 1: much more clear, and the lines of command are much

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Speaker 1: more clear. So the parent company organizes the management teams

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Speaker 1: of the subsidiaries and establishes the company by laws. This

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Speaker 1: creates the governance structure for the subsidiary and makes it

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Speaker 1: clear what the chain of command will be and how

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Speaker 1: it relates to the parent company. So, in other words,

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Speaker 1: it removes some of this confusion. If you work for

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Speaker 1: one of these divisions that's now a subsidiary, you should

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Speaker 1: have a pretty clear chain of command all the way

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Speaker 1: up to the parent company, and most of the time

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Speaker 1: it's going to be independent of the other subsidiaries, so

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Speaker 1: you don't necessarily have to worry about reporting to like

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Speaker 1: five different bosses across different divisions because those other companies

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Speaker 1: will be independent. So the structure also determines how the

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Speaker 1: parent company and subsidiaries are treated as legal entities. If

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Speaker 1: the parent and subsidiaries share employee benefit plans or insurance contracts,

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Speaker 1: or they commingle their funds or files, or they file

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Speaker 1: consolidated income tax returns, they can be seen as a

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Speaker 1: single entity. So in other words, there are some tax

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Speaker 1: issues that come into play. It's not all just organizational

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Speaker 1: there's also tax considerations. Uh. Now, in the United States,

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Speaker 1: a parent company can offset the profits and losses of

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Speaker 1: subsidiaries against each other for federal tax return purposes. So

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Speaker 1: if you have a big parent company and one subsidiary

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Speaker 1: is doing really well and another subsidiary is doing very poorly.

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Speaker 1: In a given financial year, you can offset the losses

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Speaker 1: of one with the revenues of another, and that can

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Speaker 1: lead to huge savings in the big picture when it

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Speaker 1: comes time to file federal tax return. There's also some

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Speaker 1: benefit on a on a state level, depending upon what

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Speaker 1: state you are in. Some states only tax the income

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Speaker 1: earned within that state, and all income earned in other

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Speaker 1: states remains untaxed, so there's that as well. Now, a

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Speaker 1: subsidiary is a separate legal entity and has its own

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Speaker 1: liability that is separate from the parent companies. That means

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Speaker 1: the parent company can create a subsidiary that pursues businesses

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Speaker 1: that might be risky, meaning they could have a really

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Speaker 1: low return on investment without putting the parent company itself

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Speaker 1: at risk. And parent companies are not normally held liable

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Speaker 1: for the debts or actions of individual subsidiaries. So if

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Speaker 1: you are the head of a massive parent company, you

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Speaker 1: should invite me over to dinner one day. Also, if

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Speaker 1: one of your smaller subsidiaries goes on some sort of

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Speaker 1: quest for world domination or something, it's not necessarily your

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Speaker 1: butt that will be held accountable, unless, of course, the

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Speaker 1: courts do what is called piercing the corporate veil to

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Speaker 1: see if there were any goings on of the hanky

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Speaker 1: and or panky variety behind the scenes at the parent

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Speaker 1: company level. If that were the case, if it turns

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Speaker 1: out that this subsidiary was going on a quest for

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Speaker 1: world domination and was doing so under your direction or

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Speaker 1: your encouragement, you could find yourself in serious hot water.

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Speaker 1: But if there's no link found, then as a parent company,

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Speaker 1: you are somewhat protected from liability. The subsidiary is to blame,

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Speaker 1: not the parent company. So in other words, uh, the

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Speaker 1: if one branch goes bad, it doesn't poison all the

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Speaker 1: other branches, so it's a means of protection. Also, subsidiary

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Speaker 1: is something that a company can sell off to other

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Speaker 1: companies more easily if it chooses to do so in

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Speaker 1: the future. It's much easier to sell off an entire

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Speaker 1: subsidiary than it is to sell off, say a division

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Speaker 1: of a company. So let's say Alpha that creates a

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Speaker 1: subsidiary for a business that seems promising, but it turns

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Speaker 1: out it's just not a good fit for the way

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Speaker 1: Alphabet does business. It could then sell that subsidiary off

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Speaker 1: to another interested party. So, like I said earlier, the

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Speaker 1: largest company under the Alphabet parent company is Google. Google

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Speaker 1: will be a wholly owned subsidiary of Alphabet. This is

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Speaker 1: not a big surprise. Google's market cap as of August twelfth,

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Speaker 1: two thousand fifteen, was four hundred sixty one point seven

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Speaker 1: billion with a B dollars. That's nearly half a trillion dollars. Now,

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Speaker 1: in case you're wondering, Apple is still well ahead of Google.

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Speaker 1: Apple's market cap was six hundred thirty two point eight

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Speaker 1: billion dollars, so, you know, nearly two hundred billion dollars

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Speaker 1: more than Google. So we're still talking. You know, it's

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Speaker 1: still not anywhere close to hitting a trillion before Apple does. Now,

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Speaker 1: market cap stands for market capitalization, and that's the term

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Speaker 1: that describes the dollar value of the total number of

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Speaker 1: shares for a publicly traded company. So you figure that

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Speaker 1: out by taking the value of the traded shares at

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Speaker 1: any given time and multiply that times the number of

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Speaker 1: shares that are out there. That tells you the market

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Speaker 1: cap for that company. According to the SEC filing, which

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Speaker 1: must be made public, Google will also contain YouTube and

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Speaker 1: Android under its umbrella, in addition to search, ads, maps,

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Speaker 1: and apps. But lots of stuff that was previously organized

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Speaker 1: under Google will now be spun off as separate subsidiaries

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Speaker 1: of Alphabet. So some stuff is gonna stay Google YouTube

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Speaker 1: does not become its own individual company that will still

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Speaker 1: be part of Google, but other stuff will, Like a

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Speaker 1: group called Life Sciences, which is a research and development

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Speaker 1: division dedicated to finding new technologies to help in the

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Speaker 1: field of health. Among its projects are the glucose sensing

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Speaker 1: contact lenses that are really interesting. Also, there's a division

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Speaker 1: called Calico that will become its own company UH that

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Speaker 1: is a company that researches aging and how to increase

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Speaker 1: the length of our lifespans. There's also Google Fiber that

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Speaker 1: will become its own entity. There's Nest, the intelligent thermostat

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Speaker 1: that Google acquired that will be its own entity. And

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Speaker 1: also the Google x Lab, which is the division that

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Speaker 1: does experiments with long shot projects and big ideas, the

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Speaker 1: crazy R and D stuff that leads to things like

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Speaker 1: the UH the drone delivery system that Google wants to implement,

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Speaker 1: the driverless cars. That kind of stuff came out of

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Speaker 1: Google x Lab. Also Google has a couple of investment arms,

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Speaker 1: once called Google Ventures and another one's called Google Capital.

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Speaker 1: Those will also operate independently of Google, and they will

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Speaker 1: be under the Alphabet umbrella. Now, as for the financial

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Speaker 1: situation of all these companies, Google's finances will remain separate

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Speaker 1: from all the other subsidiaries. Also, all shares of Google

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Speaker 1: the company will convert into the same number of shares

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Speaker 1: of Alphabet, So if you have shares in Google, now

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Speaker 1: you're going to have shares in Alphabet. The trading symbol

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Speaker 1: for Google will remain the same, so that's not changing. Now.

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Speaker 1: I mentioned that Larry Page was transitioning from CEO of

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Speaker 1: Google to be CEO of Alphabet, So that means who

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Speaker 1: gets to be the CEO of Google. There's gonna be

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Speaker 1: an opening there right well. The new CEO of Google

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Speaker 1: will be Sundar Pachai. Sundar is from India and has

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Speaker 1: a an MS degree from Stanford and material sciences and engineering.

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Speaker 1: He joined Google back in two thousand four and he

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Speaker 1: worked on projects like Google Chrome and Chrome OS, and

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Speaker 1: he also helped develop Gmail and Google Maps. So he

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Speaker 1: was one of those people rumored to be con centered

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Speaker 1: from Microsoft CEO position when it was open when Balmer

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Speaker 1: was leaving. So uh, someone who has been with Google

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Speaker 1: quite sometime and is well known for injecting a ton

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Speaker 1: of life, vitality and research into Google. In fact, Larry

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Speaker 1: Page has had nothing but wonderful things to say about

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Speaker 1: him and his contributions over the last few years. You

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Speaker 1: also have other executives who will be taking on new roles.

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Speaker 1: Ruth poor At, who is the current Chief financial officer

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Speaker 1: of Google, will still be CFO of Google, but also

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Speaker 1: will become the senior vice president and chief financial officer

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Speaker 1: of Alphabet, so she will serve as the CFO for

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Speaker 1: both Alphabet and Google at the same time. All the

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Speaker 1: other subsidiaries will have their own CEO sh they haven't

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Speaker 1: all been announced yet. Page and Brent's job will be

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Speaker 1: to make sure that each subsidiary receives the resources and

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Speaker 1: attention they need for success. And the actual process for

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Speaker 1: this transformation is bus Czar. You know, I said Google

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Speaker 1: is going to create a parent company called Alphabet. Google

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Speaker 1: will become a wholly owned subsidiary of Alphabet, and these

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Speaker 1: other companies will also be wholly owned subsidiaries of Alphabet.

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Speaker 1: That's this simplification for the process that's actually going to happen,

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Speaker 1: and I'm going to explain to you what the process

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Speaker 1: is based upon the SEC filing. And this really demonstrates

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Speaker 1: how bizarre corporate maneuvers have to be in order for

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Speaker 1: them to take effect. It is truly strange. So first,

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Speaker 1: Google will create a direct, wholly owned subsidiary called Alphabet, So,

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Speaker 1: in other words, Google will be a parent company to

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Speaker 1: the subsidiary Alphabet instead of the other way around. Now

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Speaker 1: this sounds bizarre because it's literally the opposite of what

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Speaker 1: I said was going to happen earlier, where Alphabet was

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Speaker 1: going to be the parent company. But just hold on

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Speaker 1: because it gets weirder from here. Alright, So at this phase,

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Speaker 1: Google is a parent company and Alphabet is its wholly

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Speaker 1: owned subsidiary. Alphabet then will form its own wholly owned

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Speaker 1: subsidiary called merger Sub. Really catchy name for a company. Right,

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Speaker 1: This is all in the SEC filings. So merger Sub

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Speaker 1: has one purpose only. Merger Sub is an indirect wholly

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Speaker 1: owned subsidiary of Google, or if you like it, if

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Speaker 1: you think of it in family terms, Google is is

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Speaker 1: the parent, Alphabet is the kid, and merger Sub is

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Speaker 1: the grand kid. Now, the next phase has Google undergoing

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Speaker 1: a corporate merger with Merger Sub. So, in other words,

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Speaker 1: Grandpa Google and grandkid merger Sub merged together to become

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Speaker 1: one entity. So Google will merge with its own indirect,

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Speaker 1: holy own subsidiary. But because merger Sub is a subsidiary

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Speaker 1: of Alphabet, that makes Google a direct, wholly owned subsidiary

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Speaker 1: of Alphabet. So now Google is Alphabet's kid, not the

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Speaker 1: other way around. If this sounds at all like the

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Speaker 1: novelty song I'm My Own Grandpa, it totally is. And

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Speaker 1: if you don't know what that is, you should listen

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Speaker 1: to that song. First of all, I apologize. It is

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Speaker 1: an old joke song that involves a convoluted series of

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Speaker 1: marriages where the singer becomes his own grandfather. That's pretty

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Speaker 1: much what we're looking at here, alright. So to sum

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Speaker 1: up what I just said, Google creates a subsidiary called Alphabet.

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Speaker 1: Alphabet in turn creates its subsidiary called Merger Sub. Google

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Speaker 1: merges with Merger Sub and assumes the role of subsidiary

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Speaker 1: to Alphabet. And that's how we get to the the

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Speaker 1: world where Alphabet is the parent company. If you were

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Speaker 1: to ask me, why does it work that way, I

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Speaker 1: would stare at you dumbfounded and say, there's got to

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Speaker 1: be someone out there who understands this better than I do.

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Speaker 1: There has to be otherwise it wouldn't exist. But I

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Speaker 1: am not that person. Some other information, Google is conducting

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Speaker 1: this in the state of Delaware. Now that's pretty common

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Speaker 1: here in the United States. You see a lot of

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Speaker 1: companies incorporating in Delaware. Doing so means the company can

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Speaker 1: restructure without first holding a shareholder vote. That's a big deal.

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Speaker 1: So by conducting this business in Delaware, specifically, Google does

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Speaker 1: not have to ask permission from shareholders. Google can just

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Speaker 1: go ahead and do this. But you might wonder why

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Speaker 1: so many companies in the United States incorporate in Delaware.

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Speaker 1: Even if you you know, imagine like they're they're actual

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Speaker 1: operating head quarters maybe in totally different states, they still

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Speaker 1: incorporate in Delaware. Here are the reasons why companies incorporated

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Speaker 1: in Delaware. Uh, first, I should give you some quick facts.

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Speaker 1: If you're not familiar with the United States and you're

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Speaker 1: not familiar with Delaware, you may wonder why this is

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Speaker 1: a big deal in the first place. Well, Delaware is

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Speaker 1: a tiny state, both in geography and in population. The

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Speaker 1: population for the entire state back in two thousand ten,

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Speaker 1: when the last US census was conducted, was just eight

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Speaker 1: hundred nine seven thousand, nine thirty four, so less than

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Speaker 1: a million people. And yet more than seventy of all

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Speaker 1: new initial public offerings in the United States are done

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Speaker 1: by companies incorporated in Delaware. More than six of all

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Speaker 1: Fortune five hundred companies are incorporated in Delaware. So what

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Speaker 1: is going on? Well, Delaware leads the way when it

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Speaker 1: comes to corporate law, and that's a big, big reason

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Speaker 1: you want if you're going to incorporate, you want to

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Speaker 1: be in a state that is up to date on

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Speaker 1: that law, that is defining that law, because then you

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Speaker 1: have a very clear set of rules of what you

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Speaker 1: can and cannot do. It makes it well defined, and

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Speaker 1: it makes it easy for companies to operate within the

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Speaker 1: boundaries of law, or if your cynical, it makes it

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Speaker 1: easier for companies to see how much they can get

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Speaker 1: away with. Now there's a great deal of case history

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Speaker 1: established in Delaware, which again makes it easy to know

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Speaker 1: what is and isn't within the rules. Plus it makes

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Speaker 1: litigation move more quickly due to the amount of previous

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Speaker 1: decisions that are likely to cover the same territory. Now,

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Speaker 1: no one wants to get into litigation. No one wants

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Speaker 1: to get into lawsuits, corporate lawsuits. But if you're gonna

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Speaker 1: have it happen, you want it to be over with

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Speaker 1: as quickly as possible so you can get back to business. Now,

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Speaker 1: Delaware has a special court, and I love the name

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Speaker 1: of this court. It's called the Court of Chancery, and

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Speaker 1: that or sees corporate law disputes without the need for juries,

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Speaker 1: which speeds things up considerably. And it's its own line

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Speaker 1: of courts, so corporate cases have their own court. They

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Speaker 1: aren't required to wait in line behind other cases, and

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Speaker 1: they are decided upon by judges who specialize in corporate law.

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Speaker 1: So that that's why this is all taking place in Delaware. Now,

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Speaker 1: a couple of other details about Alphabet and Google. The

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Speaker 1: u r L for Alphabet isn't alphabet dot com because

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Speaker 1: Google doesn't own alphabet dot com. Instead, the u r

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Speaker 1: L is ABC dot X y Z if you go there.

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Speaker 1: There's very little as of the recording of this podcast

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Speaker 1: that's there right now. It's just a kind of almost

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Speaker 1: like a land holding page that links to the Google

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Speaker 1: blog that has the announcement, and you might wonder if

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Speaker 1: there are already any companies that have the name alphabet,

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Speaker 1: and as a matter of fact, there are. There are

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Speaker 1: lots of them, and the word has even been trademarked

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Speaker 1: by BMW, although Scott Benjamin, as he was leaving the

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Speaker 1: studio earlier, told me that BMW really shouldn't have a

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Speaker 1: strong claim on trademark for the alphabet because they only

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Speaker 1: used three of the letters. Scott makes the same sort

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Speaker 1: of jokes I do, obviously, so other alphabet companies that

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Speaker 1: already exist. There's so many. They're just tons like Alphabet Funds,

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Speaker 1: Alphabet Energy, Alphabet Plumbing, Alphabet Record Company. There are tons

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Speaker 1: that are just called alphabet. So there's been a question

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Speaker 1: will these companies end up suing Google to prevent it

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Speaker 1: from assuming the name alphabet, And for most of them,

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Speaker 1: the answer already sounds like it's going to be no,

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Speaker 1: because Google is enormous, so going in against Google would

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Speaker 1: be a very expensive and probably futile activity. Also, if

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Speaker 1: you try to Google how to sue, Google just comes

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Speaker 1: back saying don't do it. That's a joke. So that

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Speaker 1: is why Google is really looking at splitting this out,

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Speaker 1: the big reason being that now Google can organize so

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Speaker 1: that each division being its own company, can focus on

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Speaker 1: what it needs to do to achieve success, and it

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Speaker 1: doesn't have to be tied directly back to Google. That

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Speaker 1: was one of those things that people were asking all

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Speaker 1: the time. Google was known as a search company and

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Speaker 1: by extension and ad company, so people would say, well,

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Speaker 1: why are you getting into autonomous cars or you know,

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Speaker 1: why are we were why are you getting into uh

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Speaker 1: smart thermostats? Why are you getting into this company that's

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Speaker 1: looking into how to stop aging or or to prolonged

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Speaker 1: long prolonged lifespans indefinitely, what's the purpose of this? How

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Speaker 1: does that relate back to your main business? And by

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Speaker 1: creating this parent come any Google no longer has to

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Speaker 1: answer those questions because Google the company can continue to

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Speaker 1: focus on things like Gmail and search and apps and

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Speaker 1: Android and YouTube. Meanwhile, the company Calico can focus on longevity,

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Speaker 1: and the company Life Sciences can focus on creating technology

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Speaker 1: that benefits the medical field. So each company can do

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Speaker 1: what it needs to do independent of Google and have

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Speaker 1: a better chance of success. This also really does clear

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Speaker 1: things up from a management and reporting status. I don't

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Speaker 1: know how many of you out there have been have

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Speaker 1: worked for a very large company before. But if you

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Speaker 1: work for a big company that has acquired other companies,

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Speaker 1: there usually is a long process to figure out where

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Speaker 1: those lines of communication need to be drawn, where where

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Speaker 1: is that chain of command and how is it formed?

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Speaker 1: And it can take years for those questions to be answered,

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Speaker 1: and even when they're answered, they may not be the

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Speaker 1: asked answer to the question. And you might have relationships

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Speaker 1: that on paper made sense but in reality don't make

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Speaker 1: any sense at all. So I think that's really the

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Speaker 1: main reason. Some people were getting very cynical about the

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Speaker 1: purposes of Google, like thinking that this might be some

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Speaker 1: means of escaping taxes, and it's certainly there are issues

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Speaker 1: about you know, there are there are ways that that

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Speaker 1: a parent company can leverage having subsidiaries to pay less

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Speaker 1: tax and I have no doubt that Google will or

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Speaker 1: Alphabet rather that Alphabet will pursue those But I really

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Speaker 1: do think the main reason here was to get a

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Speaker 1: better handle on what Google is all about and what

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Speaker 1: these other companies are all about, so that they can

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Speaker 1: focus on what they do without worrying about all the

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Speaker 1: other elements within the giant sprawling company that is Google.

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Speaker 1: So I hope that answers all your questions about Alphabet. Obviously,

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Speaker 1: this is just the tip of the iceberg. We don't

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Speaker 1: know that much yet because it's only just been announced,

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Speaker 1: but I'm sure a lot more information will come out,

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Speaker 1: especially things like will they be able to actually use

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Speaker 1: the name alphabet or is that going to change? Uh.

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Speaker 1: Does seem a little premature to announce it before it

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Speaker 1: actually is legal, but you know, it's Google. They've got

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Speaker 1: a lot of weight to throw around. So I hope

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Speaker 1: that this was a useful podcast and it explained to

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Speaker 1: you what's going on. I realized that this is a

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Speaker 1: little different version of a tech podcast because I didn't

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Speaker 1: really go into technology so much as the corporate side

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Speaker 1: of things to explain how a tech company is working

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Speaker 1: behind the scenes. But it was still a lot of

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Speaker 1: fun and it taught me a lot about parent companies

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Speaker 1: and subsidiaries, and also about incorporating in Delaware. I had

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Speaker 1: always heard about it, but I never really understood why

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Speaker 1: until I did this research. If you guys have any

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Speaker 1: suggestions for future topics of tech stuff, whether it's on

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Speaker 1: a specific technology, maybe you're you just want to know uh,

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Speaker 1: tell me how siege engines in the Middle Ages worked.

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Speaker 1: If you asked that question, I will do a podcast

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Speaker 1: and answer it. Or maybe you want to know about

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Speaker 1: a cutting edge technology or a company or a personality,

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Speaker 1: or just how certain tech has affected our lives. Send

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Speaker 1: me a message let me know what you want to hear,

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Speaker 1: or even if you just want me to interview someone

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Speaker 1: or have someone on as a guest co host, tell

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Speaker 1: me that too. The email addresses tech stuff at how

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Speaker 1: stuff works dot com, or you can drop me a

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Speaker 1: line on Twitter or Facebook use the handle text stuff

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Speaker 1: h s W and I'll talk to you again really soon.

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Speaker 1: For more on this and bassens, another topic works dot com,