WEBVTT - Cinderella 0:00:08.245 --> 0:00:09.165 School of Humans. 0:00:11.485 --> 0:00:20.365 This episode discusses sensitive topics. Please listen with care. My 0:00:20.525 --> 0:00:24.845 name is Miranda Hawkins. Welcome to the Deep Dark Woods, 0:00:25.405 --> 0:00:30.205 a podcast about sex, violence and fairy tales. Today's story 0:00:30.645 --> 0:00:40.085 is Cinderella. 0:00:41.085 --> 0:00:43.925 When evening came, Cinderella wanted to leave, and the prince 0:00:44.005 --> 0:00:45.965 tried to escort her, but she ran away from him 0:00:46.005 --> 0:00:49.325 so quickly that he could not follow her. The prince, however, 0:00:49.765 --> 0:00:53.805 had set a trap. He had the entire stairway smeared 0:00:53.845 --> 0:00:57.525 with pitch. When she ran down the stairs, her left 0:00:57.605 --> 0:01:01.045 slipper stuck in the pitch. The prince picked it up. 0:01:01.645 --> 0:01:07.005 It was small and dainty and of pure cold. The 0:01:07.045 --> 0:01:08.925 next morning he went with it to the man and 0:01:08.965 --> 0:01:12.085 said to him, no one shall be my wife except 0:01:12.085 --> 0:01:15.565 for the one whose foot fits in this golden shoe. 0:01:16.285 --> 0:01:18.485 The two sisters were happy to hear this, for they 0:01:18.485 --> 0:01:22.005 had pretty feet. With their mother standing by, the older 0:01:22.045 --> 0:01:24.045 one took the shoe into her bedroom to try it on. 0:01:24.485 --> 0:01:26.125 She could not get her big toe into it, for 0:01:26.205 --> 0:01:29.245 the shoe was too small for her. Then her mother 0:01:29.285 --> 0:01:32.805 gave her a knife and said, cut off your toe. 0:01:33.085 --> 0:01:34.885 When you are queen, we will no longer have to 0:01:34.925 --> 0:01:39.925 go on foot. The girl cut off her toe, forced 0:01:39.925 --> 0:01:42.445 her foot into the shoe, swallowed the pane, and went 0:01:42.525 --> 0:01:45.485 out to the prince. He took her on his horse 0:01:45.525 --> 0:01:49.165 as his bride, and rode away with her. However, they 0:01:49.205 --> 0:01:53.205 had to ride past the grave, and there on the 0:01:53.245 --> 0:01:56.125 hazel tree sat two pigeons crying out. 0:01:56.525 --> 0:02:00.205 Rickity gool, rickety goo, there's blood in the shoe. The 0:02:00.245 --> 0:02:02.045 shoe is too tight. The bride is not right. 0:02:05.005 --> 0:02:06.885 Then he looked at her foot and saw how the 0:02:06.925 --> 0:02:09.805 blood was running from it. He turned his horse around 0:02:09.845 --> 0:02:12.885 and took the false bride home again, saying that she 0:02:13.085 --> 0:02:15.125 was not the right one, and that the other sister 0:02:15.125 --> 0:02:18.565 should try on the shoe. She went into her bedroom 0:02:18.845 --> 0:02:20.805 and got her toes in all right, but her heel 0:02:20.925 --> 0:02:24.285 was too large. Then her mother gave her a knife 0:02:24.285 --> 0:02:26.805 and said, cut a piece off your heel. When you 0:02:26.845 --> 0:02:28.925 are queen, we will no longer have to go on foot. 0:02:30.205 --> 0:02:32.965 The girl cut a piece off her heel, forced her 0:02:32.965 --> 0:02:35.565 foot into the shoe, swallowed the pain, and went out 0:02:35.565 --> 0:02:38.405 to the prince. He took her on his horse as 0:02:38.445 --> 0:02:41.605 his bride, and rode away with her. When they passed 0:02:41.645 --> 0:02:44.085 the hazel tree, the two pigeons were sitting in it, 0:02:44.405 --> 0:02:45.525 and they cried out. 0:02:45.805 --> 0:02:50.045 Rickety goo, rickity goo. There's blood in the shoe. The 0:02:50.085 --> 0:02:50.845 shoe is too tight. 0:02:50.885 --> 0:02:51.805 The bride is not right. 0:02:52.685 --> 0:02:54.485 He looked down at her foot and saw how the 0:02:54.485 --> 0:02:56.765 blood was running out of her shoe, and how it 0:02:56.805 --> 0:03:00.925 had stained her white stockings all red. Then he turned 0:03:00.965 --> 0:03:03.485 his horse around and took the false bride home. Again. 0:03:04.685 --> 0:03:06.565 This is not the right one one either, he said. 0:03:07.325 --> 0:03:14.045 Don't you have another daughter? No, said the man, there's 0:03:14.045 --> 0:03:18.085 only a deformed little Cinderella from my first wife. But 0:03:18.245 --> 0:03:22.525 she cannot possibly be the bride. The prince told him 0:03:22.565 --> 0:03:26.205 to send her to him, but the mother answered, oh no, 0:03:26.485 --> 0:03:27.885 she is much too dirty. 0:03:28.325 --> 0:03:29.325 She cannot be seen. 0:03:30.645 --> 0:03:32.805 But the prince insisted on it, and they had to 0:03:32.845 --> 0:03:34.045 call Cinderella. 0:03:34.485 --> 0:03:35.805 She first washed her. 0:03:35.725 --> 0:03:38.725 Hands and face clean, and then went and bowed down 0:03:38.765 --> 0:03:41.605 before the prince, who gave her the golden shoe. She 0:03:41.725 --> 0:03:43.845 sat down on a stool, pulled her foot out of 0:03:43.845 --> 0:03:46.765 the heavy wooden shoe, and put it into the slipper, 0:03:47.565 --> 0:03:54.125 and it fit her perfectly. When she stood up, the 0:03:54.165 --> 0:03:57.045 prince looked into her face and recognized the beautiful girl 0:03:57.045 --> 0:04:00.805 who had danced with him. He cried out she is 0:04:00.925 --> 0:04:05.245 my true bride. The stepmother and the two sisters were 0:04:05.285 --> 0:04:09.325 horrified and turned pale with anger. The prince, however, took 0:04:09.405 --> 0:04:12.965 Cinderella to his horse and rode away with her. As 0:04:13.005 --> 0:04:16.005 they passed the hazel tree, the two white pigeons cried out. 0:04:15.925 --> 0:04:19.485 Rickedy goo, rickedy goo. No blood in the shoe. 0:04:19.645 --> 0:04:21.965 The shoe's not too tight. The bride is right. 0:04:23.925 --> 0:04:26.325 After they cried this out, they both flew down and 0:04:26.405 --> 0:04:29.685 lit on Cinderella's shoulders, one on the right, the other 0:04:29.725 --> 0:04:34.285 on the left, and they remained sitting there. When the 0:04:34.325 --> 0:04:37.805 wedding with the prince was held. The two false sisters came, 0:04:38.365 --> 0:04:41.285 wanting to gain favor with Cinderella and to share her 0:04:41.285 --> 0:04:46.365 good fortune. The oldest sister walked on their right side 0:04:46.445 --> 0:04:49.285 and the younger on their left side, and the pigeons 0:04:49.325 --> 0:04:52.965 pecked out one eye from each of them. Afterwards, as 0:04:53.005 --> 0:04:54.925 they came out of the church, the older one was 0:04:54.965 --> 0:04:56.485 on the left side and the younger one on the 0:04:56.525 --> 0:04:59.165 right side, and then the pigeons pecked out the other 0:04:59.245 --> 0:05:02.925 eye from each of them. And thus for their wickedness 0:05:02.965 --> 0:05:07.005 and falsehood, they were punished with blue blindness as long 0:05:07.045 --> 0:05:07.645 as they lived. 0:05:16.725 --> 0:05:17.765 Once upon a time. 0:05:18.245 --> 0:05:21.365 That's how a lot of fairy tales start. Once upon 0:05:21.405 --> 0:05:24.445 a time, there was a prince, or once upon a 0:05:24.525 --> 0:05:27.605 time and a land far away. You could argue it's 0:05:27.645 --> 0:05:30.565 almost the perfect setup for a magical tale. 0:05:30.645 --> 0:05:31.685 Before we get back to. 0:05:31.645 --> 0:05:35.005 The story you just heard, there's another once upon a time. 0:05:35.125 --> 0:05:37.885 I'd like to tell you one you might not be 0:05:38.005 --> 0:05:46.165 as familiar with. Once upon a Time. There are two 0:05:46.205 --> 0:05:49.645 brothers who lived during the midst of revolution and wars. 0:05:50.805 --> 0:05:54.285 Worried their Germanic culture would be lost, they begin collecting 0:05:54.365 --> 0:05:58.845 and documenting the oral tales of their people. Their first 0:05:58.845 --> 0:06:02.485 collected works were published in two parts, the first in 0:06:02.525 --> 0:06:07.205 eighteen twelve and the second in eighteen fifteen. Their books 0:06:07.245 --> 0:06:10.965 became wildly popular, second only to the Bible. 0:06:12.445 --> 0:06:13.205 The collection of. 0:06:13.165 --> 0:06:15.685 Tales would pull the brothers and their siblings out from 0:06:15.725 --> 0:06:19.605 the throes of poverty. Their desire to preserve their heritage 0:06:19.645 --> 0:06:22.805 would launch them into generations of fame. This is the 0:06:22.925 --> 0:06:32.805 legacy of the Brothers grim. My name is Miranda Hawkins. 0:06:33.205 --> 0:06:35.445 I've been a journalist and producer for. 0:06:35.285 --> 0:06:36.885 Almost a decade. 0:06:36.965 --> 0:06:40.685 I've worked on shows like Monster, the Zodiac, Killer, Camppell 0:06:40.765 --> 0:06:44.925 and Awaki and American Shadows. But long before I started 0:06:44.925 --> 0:06:47.885 writing my own stories and working on others, I read. 0:06:48.285 --> 0:06:52.045 I read everything in. My favorite stories were fairy tales. 0:06:53.485 --> 0:06:56.845 Like many people, the stories of Cinderella and snow White 0:06:56.845 --> 0:06:59.685 that I grew up with were the Disney versions. They 0:06:59.685 --> 0:07:03.765 had clear, definitive lines of good versus evil, and always 0:07:03.845 --> 0:07:07.885 had a happy ending. Everything came packaged with a nice, 0:07:08.045 --> 0:07:15.525 tidy beough. I remember the first time I ran across 0:07:15.565 --> 0:07:19.805 an original brother's grim tale. It was Cinderella. It was 0:07:19.925 --> 0:07:23.925 much darker than i'd anticipated. Instead of the wicked stepsisters 0:07:24.045 --> 0:07:26.605 trying to shove their foot into the glass slipper and 0:07:26.725 --> 0:07:31.405 it's simply not working, they cut off parts of their feet. 0:07:32.405 --> 0:07:33.765 I was instantly hooked. 0:07:34.285 --> 0:07:37.365 I love all things dark and twisted, and here is 0:07:37.405 --> 0:07:38.325 a story I grew. 0:07:38.245 --> 0:07:40.605 Up on, but so much grittier. 0:07:41.525 --> 0:07:44.525 These stories didn't quite have the happily ever after ending 0:07:44.645 --> 0:07:49.125 you'd expect. Next thing I knew. I found myself falling 0:07:49.165 --> 0:07:52.285 down the rabbit hole and reading all of the original tales, 0:07:52.765 --> 0:07:55.325 And the more I read, the more I wanted to know. 0:07:56.285 --> 0:07:59.605 Why were these stories told and re told? Why have 0:07:59.685 --> 0:08:03.405 they endured for centuries? Where did they come from? And 0:08:03.605 --> 0:08:10.445 how have they evolved to reflex the society's changes. I 0:08:10.525 --> 0:08:13.405 believe that stories are the heart of life. They teach 0:08:13.485 --> 0:08:16.765 us about ourselves in the world. So what can we 0:08:17.005 --> 0:08:19.325 learn by taking a deeper dive into some of the 0:08:19.325 --> 0:08:24.005 most well known tales that have lasted generations. Well, let's 0:08:24.045 --> 0:08:30.445 find out. To find Cinderella stories and many folk tales, 0:08:30.685 --> 0:08:34.085 we head to the Arn Thompson Uther Index. It's a 0:08:34.125 --> 0:08:38.565 system folkloreists use to group and examine tales from different cultures. 0:08:39.645 --> 0:08:42.765 Since there are so many stories with similar traits, the 0:08:42.805 --> 0:08:47.405 system categorizes everything by plot. There are three men to 0:08:47.485 --> 0:08:52.165 think for the ATU Index, Auntie Arn of Finland, Stif 0:08:52.285 --> 0:08:56.885 Thompson of the US, and Hans Jorg Uther of Germany. 0:08:57.365 --> 0:09:01.645 Arn began collecting and documenting all Scandinavian folklore and published 0:09:01.645 --> 0:09:06.525 his first findings in nineteen ten. The Thompson translated the 0:09:06.525 --> 0:09:09.485 index to English and added tales from his corner of 0:09:09.525 --> 0:09:14.325 the world. Finally, Uther updated and added another two hundred 0:09:14.365 --> 0:09:19.245 and fifty categories and subcategories. Uther also shifted titles to 0:09:19.325 --> 0:09:23.725 make the index less sexist. For example, the tale of 0:09:23.765 --> 0:09:27.165 a sister saving her seven brothers after they'd been transformed 0:09:27.165 --> 0:09:30.925 into swans or another type of bird changed from the 0:09:31.005 --> 0:09:34.965 brothers who returned into birds two the maiden who rescues 0:09:35.005 --> 0:09:40.685 her brothers. Similar to the Dewey decimal system used in libraries, 0:09:40.925 --> 0:09:44.485 the ATU index has its own system to track down stories. 0:09:45.045 --> 0:09:48.925 Starting with ATU followed by a number and a title. 0:09:50.285 --> 0:09:54.325 The ATU index breaks collected tales into seven main types, 0:09:54.805 --> 0:10:00.405 animal tales, tales of magic, religious tales, realistic tales, anecdotes 0:10:00.445 --> 0:10:05.245 and jokes, formula tales, and my favorite category name tales 0:10:05.285 --> 0:10:10.285 of the stupid ogre giant devil. From those seven major 0:10:10.325 --> 0:10:14.685 tale types, it breaks down into smaller tale types. For example, 0:10:15.125 --> 0:10:19.605 today's story is found under tales of magic subtale type 0:10:19.965 --> 0:10:24.565 the persecuted heroine. And as a quick side note, many 0:10:24.605 --> 0:10:27.965 of the stories in the ATU index originate in Europe 0:10:28.005 --> 0:10:31.845 and the western part of Asia. Folklorets across the world 0:10:31.925 --> 0:10:35.965 are trying to fix us to include stories missing from Africa, Asia, 0:10:36.005 --> 0:10:40.325 and South America. One article I've found says that even 0:10:40.365 --> 0:10:43.965 the well known Arabian night stories might not be included either. 0:10:45.645 --> 0:10:48.645 As much as these stories are categorized, studied, and told 0:10:48.685 --> 0:10:49.325 and retold. 0:10:49.925 --> 0:10:55.045 Let's first ask what makes a folk tale of folk tale? 0:11:02.285 --> 0:11:04.765 I think One of my favorite aspects of making the 0:11:04.845 --> 0:11:08.925 show was learning about folklorists, people who study fairy tales 0:11:09.005 --> 0:11:12.925 and folklore for a living. Throughout the series will be 0:11:12.965 --> 0:11:16.965 hearing from different people in the field. Every person will 0:11:17.005 --> 0:11:20.365 have their own perspective, as there's no definitive takeaway on 0:11:20.485 --> 0:11:25.445 stories themselves. Doctor Lynn McNeil is a professor of folklore 0:11:25.525 --> 0:11:28.645 at Utah State University in the English Apartment. She has 0:11:28.725 --> 0:11:32.805 also made appearances on national television to discuss folklore and 0:11:32.925 --> 0:11:36.245 is the author of several books. And she said, what 0:11:36.365 --> 0:11:40.365 is important to know about folklore is this fundamental truth. 0:11:41.245 --> 0:11:44.485 It's meant to change over time. It's meant to change 0:11:44.565 --> 0:11:45.645 to stay relevant. 0:11:46.365 --> 0:11:50.205 Here's how she explained folk tales to me. Folklore is 0:11:50.445 --> 0:11:53.605 all cultural expression that is shared through word of mouth. 0:11:54.205 --> 0:11:57.245 So folk tales are the stories that are learned and 0:11:57.365 --> 0:12:01.845 shared and generated collectively from person to person through time 0:12:02.005 --> 0:12:05.205 and plays. Folk tales adapt to the environment they are 0:12:05.245 --> 0:12:08.165 being told in, so that means we can use these 0:12:08.245 --> 0:12:13.525 tales as a barometer for cultural difference, cultural similarity, and cultural. 0:12:13.165 --> 0:12:18.045 Change, invoking a sense that we're talking back to something, 0:12:18.085 --> 0:12:22.885 we're responding to something prior. And of course, scholars of 0:12:22.925 --> 0:12:25.125 literature and film would say the same thing. Any new 0:12:25.165 --> 0:12:28.645 contemporary film is responding to its predecessors, to the films 0:12:28.645 --> 0:12:31.765 that came before it, But in fairy tales, we're doing 0:12:31.845 --> 0:12:35.125 it in this really specific and direct way, because it's 0:12:35.125 --> 0:12:38.645 a genre that by definition adapts and evolves. 0:12:41.725 --> 0:12:45.965 So what about Cinderella or, as she was originally called 0:12:45.965 --> 0:12:50.285 in The Brother's grim Tail, Ashen Poodle, which roughly translates 0:12:50.365 --> 0:12:54.725 to ashen dirty girl. What you heard at the beginning 0:12:54.765 --> 0:12:57.645 of the episode was the second half of the original 0:12:57.685 --> 0:13:01.405 Brother's grim Tail, and in their version, the father was 0:13:01.485 --> 0:13:05.445 still alive and stood by while the stepmother in steps 0:13:05.605 --> 0:13:09.565 sisters treated Cinderella as they did before. 0:13:09.645 --> 0:13:10.125 One of his. 0:13:10.165 --> 0:13:13.605 Travels, the father asked his three daughters what gifts they 0:13:13.605 --> 0:13:18.085 would like. The two stepsisters of Corus wanted clothes and jewelry, 0:13:18.405 --> 0:13:22.125 but Cinderella one of the first twig that brushed her 0:13:22.125 --> 0:13:25.885 father's hat on his way home. Cinderella then plants a 0:13:25.925 --> 0:13:28.965 twig at her mother's grave. The twig is watered by 0:13:29.005 --> 0:13:32.805 Cinderella's tears and ends up growing into a beautiful tree. 0:13:33.885 --> 0:13:35.645 When she is not allowed to go to the ball, 0:13:36.005 --> 0:13:38.605 Cinderella goes to the tree to ask for a gown 0:13:38.645 --> 0:13:40.925 and shoes so she can make it to the dance. 0:13:41.685 --> 0:13:44.805 Each time the birds granted her wish, she dashed off 0:13:44.805 --> 0:13:47.605 to dance with the prince, and each time the prince 0:13:47.725 --> 0:13:52.805 was smitten and dance with only Cinderella. Every night Cinderella returned, 0:13:53.005 --> 0:13:56.005 she would give back the gown and slippers. That was 0:13:56.285 --> 0:13:59.405 until the third night, when she lost one of her shoes. 0:13:59.845 --> 0:14:03.685 It wasn't glass, though, it was gold. And now we've 0:14:03.725 --> 0:14:06.845 come full circle to the brother's grim story of Cinderella. 0:14:08.205 --> 0:14:13.085 As for where the story originated from, that's another question entirely. 0:14:14.685 --> 0:14:18.125 Did it begin in China? Did it begin in Egypt 0:14:18.565 --> 0:14:22.805 and move as humans moved and shared their stories through 0:14:22.845 --> 0:14:25.445 time and space all the way up until now. Or 0:14:26.325 --> 0:14:30.765 are those story elements a persecuted young woman, a mechanism 0:14:30.765 --> 0:14:34.845 of recognition, a deceased mother helping her child from the afterlife. 0:14:35.205 --> 0:14:40.525 Are those story elements so basic to human experience that 0:14:40.525 --> 0:14:45.085 that story, or something resembling it cropped up in multiple places, 0:14:45.485 --> 0:14:48.325 all at once or at different times, and grew from 0:14:48.365 --> 0:14:50.685 there And the truth is we don't know. 0:14:51.685 --> 0:14:55.285 Initially, my research showed that the first recorded version of 0:14:55.325 --> 0:14:59.645 Cinderella dates back more than two thousand years. It was 0:14:59.685 --> 0:15:03.965 documented by Herodotus. He was a Greek historian and geographer 0:15:04.125 --> 0:15:06.765 who is best known for writing histories of the Greco 0:15:06.845 --> 0:15:11.605 Persian Wars. But like many of us, Herodotus couldn't resist 0:15:11.725 --> 0:15:15.285 a good tale. He was even accused of making up 0:15:15.325 --> 0:15:21.885 stories for entertainment. In the Herodotus version, Cinderella was named Rodopus, 0:15:22.245 --> 0:15:26.525 which means either rosy cheeked or rosy eyed. To be clear, 0:15:26.885 --> 0:15:32.565 rosy idrifers having sparkly eyes, not bloodshot. Rhodopus is then 0:15:32.605 --> 0:15:35.485 again mentioned at a later date by the Greek geographer 0:15:35.565 --> 0:15:39.165 Strabo of Amasia. He is the one who is credited 0:15:39.445 --> 0:15:43.445 with first writing the tale down Rhodapus was kidnapped from 0:15:43.445 --> 0:15:47.165 her home in Greece and sold as a slave in Egypt. There, 0:15:47.285 --> 0:15:49.725 the other slave girls made fun of her because she 0:15:49.885 --> 0:15:50.565 looked different. 0:15:51.285 --> 0:15:52.045 Where the other. 0:15:51.925 --> 0:15:56.245 Women had bronze skin and straight, dark hair, Rhodipus was 0:15:56.365 --> 0:16:02.685 light skinned with golden curls. At night, she would go 0:16:02.725 --> 0:16:04.685 to the banks of the river and dance for her 0:16:04.725 --> 0:16:08.725 animal friends. On one such night, an old man spotted 0:16:08.765 --> 0:16:12.125 her dancing and thought she deserved a beautiful pair of shoes, 0:16:13.085 --> 0:16:16.525 so he had gold sandals made and delivered to Rhodopus. 0:16:17.645 --> 0:16:20.845 Not long after, a falcon steals one of her sandals, 0:16:20.965 --> 0:16:24.165 flies across a Mediterranean and drops it in the lap 0:16:24.205 --> 0:16:27.605 of an Egyptian pharaoh. The pharaoh takes us as a 0:16:27.645 --> 0:16:30.765 sign from the gods and crosses land and sea to 0:16:30.765 --> 0:16:31.765 find the owner. 0:16:31.485 --> 0:16:32.725 Of the shoe. 0:16:32.805 --> 0:16:37.085 When the pharaoh finally finds Rhodapus, they get married. There's 0:16:37.125 --> 0:16:39.965 a theory that Rhodapus is based on a true story, 0:16:40.525 --> 0:16:44.365 but in that story, Rhodopus became a well regarded courtesan 0:16:44.605 --> 0:16:46.605 who tricked a man to fall in love with her 0:16:46.685 --> 0:16:48.205 and buy her freedom. 0:16:48.565 --> 0:16:50.245 When he did, she left. 0:16:50.085 --> 0:16:53.965 Him, and his sister was furious, and supposedly that man's 0:16:54.005 --> 0:17:01.765 sister was none other than the famous Sapphos. However, when 0:17:01.845 --> 0:17:05.045 historians sit with the timeline of the story of Rhodapus 0:17:05.125 --> 0:17:10.285 and this courtisan, it doesn't quite add up. Another early 0:17:10.405 --> 0:17:13.445 version of Cinderella is about a young Chinese girl named 0:17:13.525 --> 0:17:17.525 Yashen that was written sometime between six hundred and nine 0:17:17.605 --> 0:17:24.765 hundred eighty during the Tong dynasty. Yashen's father was a 0:17:24.805 --> 0:17:28.165 cave chief who had two wives, and each wife bore 0:17:28.205 --> 0:17:31.845 him a daughter, not long after Yashin was born, her 0:17:31.885 --> 0:17:35.645 mother died, and soon after so did her father, the chief. 0:17:37.085 --> 0:17:40.725 The stepmother was insanely jealous of her new stepdaughter's beauty 0:17:40.805 --> 0:17:44.765 and kindness. Because of this, the stepmother would give Yashin 0:17:44.925 --> 0:17:49.685 the most difficult chores. Yashin's only friend was a golden fish. 0:17:50.445 --> 0:17:53.725 The stepmother ended up finding out about the fish and 0:17:53.845 --> 0:17:54.445 killing it. 0:17:54.965 --> 0:17:57.845 Yashin was devastated, but an old. 0:17:57.685 --> 0:18:00.725 Man told Yashin to keep the bones and make wishes 0:18:00.765 --> 0:18:04.965 with them when she most needed it. When the Spring 0:18:05.045 --> 0:18:07.845 festival came up, a time when people hoped to meet 0:18:07.885 --> 0:18:11.365 who they were going to marry, Yashen's stepmother told her 0:18:11.525 --> 0:18:16.085 to stay home. So Yashin used her magical fishbones to 0:18:16.125 --> 0:18:19.525 turn her rags into a beautiful gown, a cloak with 0:18:19.685 --> 0:18:24.205 kingfisher feathers, and slippers woven in golden threads that looked 0:18:24.205 --> 0:18:28.125 like fish scales. But like most stories, there was a 0:18:28.165 --> 0:18:34.445 warning don't lose the slippers. Unfortunately, in order to avoid 0:18:34.485 --> 0:18:37.325 being caught by her stepmother, Yashin had to flee the 0:18:37.365 --> 0:18:42.925 festival and lost a slipper Immediately, her gown and cloak 0:18:43.005 --> 0:18:45.765 returned to rags, and when she got back to her home. 0:18:46.045 --> 0:18:51.485 The spirit of the fishbones was gone, although the slipper remained. 0:18:51.845 --> 0:18:57.685 Yashin had lost her only friend. Later, a villager found 0:18:57.725 --> 0:19:00.245 the lost slipper and sold it to a merchant, who 0:19:00.325 --> 0:19:03.485 then took it to the king. The king marveled at 0:19:03.485 --> 0:19:06.685 the slipper and realized he lust meet the woman it 0:19:06.725 --> 0:19:12.085 belonged to. He realized it would take too long to 0:19:12.125 --> 0:19:15.605 search for her. Instead, he had the slipper put on 0:19:15.685 --> 0:19:18.245 display at the place where it was found for maidens 0:19:18.285 --> 0:19:18.885 to try it on. 0:19:19.845 --> 0:19:20.885 He waited all. 0:19:20.805 --> 0:19:26.765 Day, but it fit no one, including yashen stepmother and stepsister. Then, 0:19:27.205 --> 0:19:30.165 when the night was in its latest hour, the king 0:19:30.285 --> 0:19:33.805 spotted yea Shen taking the slipper. At first, he thought 0:19:33.845 --> 0:19:36.485 she was stealing it, until he saw how beautiful and 0:19:36.565 --> 0:19:39.885 kind her face was. The king cracked her down and 0:19:39.925 --> 0:19:46.365 married Yashen. As for the stepmother and stepsister, they were 0:19:46.405 --> 0:19:49.645 forced to stay home in the caves, and later it 0:19:49.685 --> 0:19:52.485 was said they were crushed to death by flying stones. 0:20:00.685 --> 0:20:06.485 Fish are considered a symbol of prosperity. During this era, 0:20:06.725 --> 0:20:10.085 people began keeping karp and a mutation change to carp 0:20:10.125 --> 0:20:14.085 scales from silver to gold. Then people began to breed 0:20:14.125 --> 0:20:18.125 the fish for the Golden Scales. An argument could be 0:20:18.205 --> 0:20:21.525 made that not only was a fish alluding to Yushin's 0:20:21.565 --> 0:20:25.445 prosperity in marrying the king, but also the prosperity of 0:20:25.485 --> 0:20:30.285 the dynasty leading up to. 0:20:30.205 --> 0:20:31.245 The Tong dynasty. 0:20:31.605 --> 0:20:34.445 The collapse of the Han dynasty in two twenty a 0:20:34.645 --> 0:20:39.125 d had left China divided for three hundred years. The 0:20:39.165 --> 0:20:43.285 Sui dynasty then unified China, paving the way for the 0:20:43.325 --> 0:20:47.885 Tong dynasty. Tong is considered one of the greatest empires, 0:20:48.405 --> 0:20:51.125 not only because it was the Golden Age of arts 0:20:51.165 --> 0:20:54.565 and culture, but also because it was a dynasty ruled 0:20:54.565 --> 0:20:59.885 by benevolent leaders with economic growth and successful political endeavors. 0:21:03.125 --> 0:21:06.445 It wasn't until the seventeenth century that the broad outlines 0:21:06.485 --> 0:21:10.405 of the version of Cinderella we're most familiar with originated. 0:21:11.365 --> 0:21:15.085 This time the story would be from France. When I 0:21:15.165 --> 0:21:18.685 first started looking into Cinderella, I thought the Disney version 0:21:18.805 --> 0:21:21.565 I grew up with was based on the Brother's Grim, 0:21:21.725 --> 0:21:25.685 But it's not Disney pulled from the sixteen ninety seven 0:21:25.765 --> 0:21:29.565 French story The Little Glass Slipper, written by Charles Perraut. 0:21:30.605 --> 0:21:32.925 Pireaut had created his own spin on. 0:21:33.005 --> 0:21:38.525 A darker Italian story of a woman named Zizzola. Zazzola, 0:21:38.845 --> 0:21:41.005 or as a title of the story, is called The 0:21:41.085 --> 0:21:45.525 Cat Cinderella, was written by John Battista Bazille in sixteen 0:21:45.605 --> 0:21:50.205 thirty four. In The Cat Cinderella, Zazzola already has a 0:21:50.205 --> 0:21:53.005 wicked stepmother who is married to her father, who is 0:21:53.045 --> 0:21:57.685 a prince. Zizzola's governess convinces a girl to kill her 0:21:57.725 --> 0:22:03.085 stepmother so the governess can marry the prince. Instead, Zizzola 0:22:03.205 --> 0:22:06.485 murders her stepmother by dropping the life of the largest 0:22:06.525 --> 0:22:08.445 dress trunk on the woman's neck. 0:22:08.325 --> 0:22:09.245 And breaking it. 0:22:10.245 --> 0:22:13.525 After she tricks her father into marrying the governess. 0:22:14.325 --> 0:22:15.925 For a few days, things. 0:22:15.685 --> 0:22:18.725 Are well, and during this time a dove from the 0:22:18.765 --> 0:22:22.405 Island of the Fairies visits Zola and tells her that 0:22:22.485 --> 0:22:25.525 if she ever needs anything, just come to the fairies 0:22:25.565 --> 0:22:36.045 for help. Well, it wasn't long until the governess turned 0:22:36.045 --> 0:22:39.605 out to be just as wicked. She brings forward six 0:22:39.725 --> 0:22:43.605 daughters she had been hiding and slowly demotes Zola to 0:22:43.685 --> 0:22:48.205 the place of a servant. Zizola becomes the Cat Cinderella 0:22:48.565 --> 0:22:53.365 because she's no better than an animal. Later, the prince 0:22:53.445 --> 0:22:56.325 goes on a trip and asks his stepdaughters what they 0:22:56.365 --> 0:22:56.805 would like. 0:22:57.805 --> 0:22:59.445 The response is riches. 0:23:00.245 --> 0:23:04.205 Then, as a snub, he asks Zola if she wants anything. 0:23:04.925 --> 0:23:07.885 She tells them a gift from the fairy isle. But 0:23:08.005 --> 0:23:10.805 on top of asking for the gift, she also tells 0:23:10.885 --> 0:23:13.765 him that if he doesn't follow through, he will never 0:23:13.845 --> 0:23:15.605 be able to find his way home. 0:23:17.045 --> 0:23:17.925 Lo and behold. 0:23:18.165 --> 0:23:21.245 When he tries to sail back, he can't, So he 0:23:21.325 --> 0:23:24.405 follows through on his promise to his daughter. The fairies 0:23:24.525 --> 0:23:28.845 gave her a date tree. The date tree ends up 0:23:28.885 --> 0:23:32.165 producing a fairy who asks Zzola what she wants. 0:23:33.205 --> 0:23:35.085 Zizzola says to leave any. 0:23:34.925 --> 0:23:38.325 Time without her sister's knowing, so the fairy gives her 0:23:38.365 --> 0:23:40.965 a phrase to whisper to the tree whenever she wants 0:23:41.005 --> 0:23:44.165 to leave, and a phrase to whisper when she returns. 0:23:44.365 --> 0:23:45.805 To undo the magic. 0:23:46.765 --> 0:23:50.285 On one feast day, Zazola waits until everyone leaves and 0:23:50.325 --> 0:23:52.685 then goes to the date tree and makes her wish. 0:23:53.205 --> 0:23:56.325 She has given a gown and slippers and a royal procession. 0:23:57.005 --> 0:24:02.285 This happens three times over, each time grander than the last. 0:24:03.005 --> 0:24:06.405 Absolutely smitten by her beauty and charm, the king wants 0:24:06.445 --> 0:24:10.725 to learn who Zola is. He has a servant follow her, 0:24:10.885 --> 0:24:14.005 but all three times Zzola shakes a servant off her 0:24:14.005 --> 0:24:18.365 trail by tossing out gold and jewels. It's the third 0:24:18.405 --> 0:24:20.925 time she shakes off the servant that she loses her 0:24:20.965 --> 0:24:25.405 shoe by tossing it out. The king decides to hold 0:24:25.485 --> 0:24:29.965 another feast, declaring all maidens must attend. He planned on 0:24:30.045 --> 0:24:33.885 having all the maidens try the shoe. The prince, Zizola's 0:24:33.885 --> 0:24:37.925 father tells the king his daughter hasn't been attending because quote, 0:24:38.245 --> 0:24:41.605 she is a sorry, worthless creature, not fit to take 0:24:41.645 --> 0:24:44.565 her place at the table where you eat. But the 0:24:44.645 --> 0:24:47.445 king insists that she should be the first on the list, 0:24:47.605 --> 0:24:49.125 since that's what he's decreed. 0:24:50.405 --> 0:24:51.125 When it's z. 0:24:51.245 --> 0:24:54.925 Zola's turn to try the slipper on it, quote jumps 0:24:54.965 --> 0:24:58.365 to her foot like a moth of flame. Zizzola is 0:24:58.445 --> 0:25:00.805 zen crowned and the other people are told to obey 0:25:00.885 --> 0:25:05.245 her as queen. The Zelee has an extra element to 0:25:05.285 --> 0:25:08.965 him version though at the very end, the stepsisters, who 0:25:09.045 --> 0:25:13.365 are heartbroken and angry, confessed to their mother he is mad, 0:25:13.445 --> 0:25:17.165 who would oppose the stars. It's as if what happened 0:25:17.525 --> 0:25:21.885 was faded. It's easy to see how Perot's version was 0:25:21.925 --> 0:25:26.005