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Speaker 1: Uh, should really get that checked out. Cut me blowing

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Speaker 1: my nose, but keep the yell, keep the yell. It

3
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Speaker 1: sounds like a wounded elephant. I feel like a wounded elephant.

4
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Speaker 1: A pollen counting Oregon right now is unbelievable. Um, I

5
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Speaker 1: just went outside during the break between episode recordings and

6
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Speaker 1: emptied a magazine from an A R fifteen into a tree.

7
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Speaker 1: But it does not appear to have solved the problem.

8
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Speaker 1: So now you gotta gotta get heavier than that many.

9
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Speaker 1: I should have used the three O eight. You know,

10
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Speaker 1: that's why they went. That's that's why the armies, the Cali.

11
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Speaker 1: Yeah you want to up a tree? Yeah, you really

12
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Speaker 1: want You really want to move close to that thirty

13
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Speaker 1: caliber range exported to you by six point eight tree

14
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Speaker 1: killer buster. Yeah, that's three thirty eight lap of a baby.

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Speaker 1: When I was a young man, times like this, right

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Speaker 1: around near the end of the year, my friends and

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Speaker 1: I would go out into the woods and we would

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Speaker 1: shoot down a tree in order to have a bonfire

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Speaker 1: around it. And um, that doesn't really relate to the

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Speaker 1: subject of the episode, but we often smoked cigarettes while

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Speaker 1: doing it. Not interesting, It's kind of like shooting down

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Speaker 1: a tree, isn't it, Because if you're active consumer base,

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Speaker 1: it's a bit like shooting shooting down a tree. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: you just have to hope that they can grow up

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Speaker 1: faster than you can shoot them, which I mean, and

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Speaker 1: it's also what they say about the human race, because

27
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Speaker 1: one thing you got to give it to us is

28
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Speaker 1: we bred slightly faster than cigarettes were able to kill us.

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Speaker 1: Once again a win for humanity. Yeah, the Titanic dub

30
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Speaker 1: so cigarettes did not get to have their real moment

31
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Speaker 1: in the sun until a few years after the dissolution

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Speaker 1: of American Too Bad Echo, which again the Supreme Court

33
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Speaker 1: knocks it out in nineteen eleven. Probably somewhere under ten

34
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Speaker 1: percent of a merit of smokers, and a much smaller

35
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Speaker 1: portion of the US population um actually smoked cigarettes. So

36
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Speaker 1: a pretty small fraction of the US adult population is

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Speaker 1: smoking still, even even as successful as our old buddy

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Speaker 1: Duke wasn't getting people to smoke um. But the thing

39
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Speaker 1: that's going to actually start to change this and and

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Speaker 1: really turn around cigarettes fortunes is the First World War. Now, James,

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Speaker 1: you've been a trench. Yeah, I mean I've been in

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Speaker 1: the company trenches, So that's non professional reasons. Yeah, they're

43
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Speaker 1: they're trenches are not the cleanest places in the world,

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Speaker 1: especially if it's raining and their muddy. H You wouldn't

45
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Speaker 1: want to have a pipe in a trench necessarily, Like

46
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Speaker 1: you could smoke a pipe in a trench, but stuff's

47
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Speaker 1: gonna get in it. That's kind of gross, right, that's

48
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Speaker 1: not ideal. And when you know, if you're doing trench stuff,

49
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Speaker 1: you probably don't have time to sit down and really

50
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Speaker 1: smoke a cigar. You know, they take a while. Cigarettes

51
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Speaker 1: are depends on what rank you're at, doesn't it once

52
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Speaker 1: you write, right, if you're sitting yeah, yeah, yeah, you

53
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Speaker 1: get up to the field grade officers, they have plenty

54
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Speaker 1: of time for cigars, and they have clean enough areas

55
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Speaker 1: for cigarettes, for for pipes. But if you're a working

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Speaker 1: man in the trenches, the best way you have to

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Speaker 1: smoke in between getting murdered by German machine guns is

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Speaker 1: a cigarette. And that's that's really what causes a shipload

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Speaker 1: of people to start adopting cigarettes. That that's what actually

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Speaker 1: makes it a mainstream thing. Is World War One. Now death,

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Speaker 1: it does go well with death, James. Cigarette adoption had

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Speaker 1: crept up only gradually prior to this and it had

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Speaker 1: been met by this a really active anti smoking campaign

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Speaker 1: the whole time. It's kind of noting that the first

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Speaker 1: twenty years of of like the twentieth century, basically from

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Speaker 1: like the late eighteen nineties to like nineteen seventeen nineteen eighteen,

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Speaker 1: there's a very active anti smoking campaign in the United States,

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Speaker 1: and it's powered by a lot of the same voices

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Speaker 1: who are also fighting for prohibition. There were even bands

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Speaker 1: on the public consumption of tobacco in some states. In

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Speaker 1: nineteen ten, a doctor named Charles Peace founded the Non

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Speaker 1: Smokers Protective League, advocating for a public smoking ban in

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Speaker 1: America's largest city. In nineteen thirteen, The New York Times

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Speaker 1: published an op ed opposing the establishment of smoking cars

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Speaker 1: in the subway. Now, these people we now know are right,

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Speaker 1: you know, like cigarettes bad, public smoking bad. But they're not.

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Speaker 1: They're not. Again, there's not strong evidence that proves cigarettes

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Speaker 1: cause cancer at this point. There's not really good scientific

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Speaker 1: studies at this point. These people are just busybodies, right, yeah, yeah, right,

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Speaker 1: they can be right for the wrong reasons. Well, what

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Speaker 1: are the arguments that they Well, I don't like it, yeah,

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Speaker 1: let me let me yet. Chief among the voices of

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Speaker 1: small of non smokers is our old friend of the pod,

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Speaker 1: John Harvey Kellogg, America's. Kellogg's complaint was quote, smoking has

85
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Speaker 1: become so nearly universal among men, smokers are practically ignored

86
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Speaker 1: their rights trampled upon. Now that that means that, like,

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Speaker 1: by being around cigarette smoke, you're having your rights trampled upon.

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Speaker 1: And yes, we now know second hand smoke is seriously

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Speaker 1: bad for you at the time we did it. And also,

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Speaker 1: let's be honest here nineteen seventeen, walking around a city

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Speaker 1: that's still filled with horseshit and now leaded gasoline fumes

92
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Speaker 1: from all of the cars rolling around and industrial smoke

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Speaker 1: from all of the different fucking coal factories and stuff.

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Speaker 1: Cigarettes are not your number one health risk, Yeah, the

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Speaker 1: end of the thing. Number one trampling on your right side. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's just not the biggest problem. Look, John Harvey Kellogg,

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Speaker 1: don't give him credit. Yeah, do not give him credit

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Speaker 1: for being on the right side of history with this one. Um,

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Speaker 1: so non smokers. Also, it was not again because there's

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Speaker 1: not greats there are some of these people do are

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Speaker 1: are ahead of their time and are saying like, hey,

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Speaker 1: this stuff is has to be bad for you, and

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Speaker 1: we're going to figure out like the way in which

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Speaker 1: it's killing people later. A lot of them are just

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Speaker 1: angry because they think it's gross, and a huge chunk

106
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Speaker 1: of them are angry because cigarettes are popular with women,

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Speaker 1: right because women start smoking. That's a big part of

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Speaker 1: the anti smoking campaign. In nineteen o four, New York

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Speaker 1: State passes a law that makes it a crime for

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Speaker 1: women to quote endanger the morals of children by smoking

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Speaker 1: in their presence. A woman named Jenny Lasher was charged

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Speaker 1: and sentenced to jail for violating it. In nineteen o eight,

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Speaker 1: New York City aldermen passed an ordinance restricting public smoking

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Speaker 1: by women. From the Washington Post quote. The Sullivan Ordinance

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Speaker 1: made it illegal for restaurant and bar owners to permit

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Speaker 1: women to smoke in their establishments. The stated rationale from

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Speaker 1: bowty moralist and political chieftain Tim Sullivan was that proper

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Speaker 1: ladies were offended by women smoking, and it certainly wasn't

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Speaker 1: any it's kind of attempt by a man to control

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Speaker 1: women's behavior. Despite the ordinance of short duration, it lasted

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Speaker 1: only two weeks, the sentiment underlying it was held by

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Speaker 1: others as well. Women smoking was viewed by many as taboo,

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Speaker 1: associated with what Amanda Amos and Margarita Haglund have termed

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Speaker 1: lucian libidinous moral behavior. So it is a good band name,

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Speaker 1: and it's it's interesting. One of the things that cigarettes

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Speaker 1: do is they make it. They are a big part

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Speaker 1: of why it starts to become okay for men and

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Speaker 1: women to socialize together who are unmarried, right in a

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Speaker 1: lot of ways. So one of the things that is

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Speaker 1: common prior to cigarettes becoming mainstream, after you have like

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Speaker 1: a big dinner, if you if you have a fancy potty,

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Speaker 1: then after dinner, the men will go to smoke cigars

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Speaker 1: and the women will, you know, go clean up or something.

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Speaker 1: And increasingly in the early twenties, what starts, or in

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Speaker 1: the early nineteen nine hundreds, what starts to happen is

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Speaker 1: after dinner everybody has a cigarette. And women didn't smoke cigars,

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Speaker 1: but cigarettes are new, and so it's not really that

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Speaker 1: weird to a lot of modern people that women would

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Speaker 1: smoke them. And also there's not women's cigarettes, so everyone's

140
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Speaker 1: smoking the same cigarettes, and increasingly they start doing it

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Speaker 1: in the same places together, unmarried men and women just

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Speaker 1: hanging out and having a smoke and talking. This is

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Speaker 1: a big part of this is kind of in the

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Speaker 1: background of the of the suffrage movement, but it like

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Speaker 1: cigarettes do play a significant role in the increasing acceptance

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Speaker 1: of social equality for women because men and women spend

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Speaker 1: time together to smoke. Yeah, it makes not a non factor. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: definite time period when there's generally is changing gender roles,

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Speaker 1: right with women working in the First World War, and like,

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Speaker 1: well that's yeah, that's another part of it, right, is

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Speaker 1: like women are taking on men's jobs, why wouldn't they

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Speaker 1: be able to smoke? And you know, it's a it's

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Speaker 1: a whole thing. So smokers also started to organize to

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Speaker 1: establish more public smoking places. Tobacco dealers would often back

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Speaker 1: and on local efforts to lobby for smoking cars on

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Speaker 1: trains or to allow the smoking of cigarettes on the

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Speaker 1: rear platform of street cars. Within the military, there were

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Speaker 1: strenuous debates as to whether or not tobacco should be

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Speaker 1: legal for soldiers. In nineteen o seven, the Surgeon General

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Speaker 1: of the Navy had recommended that sailors under twenty one

161
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Speaker 1: be banned from smoking cigarettes. This was outrageous to the

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Speaker 1: actual men of the Navy, and one enlisted man wrote

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Speaker 1: this in response. If this cigarette recommendation has made the

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Speaker 1: rule and such a thing as ordered, it's gonna put

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Speaker 1: all us young fellows who like them on the beam.

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Speaker 1: It's all right to talk about your cigars and your pipes,

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Speaker 1: but cigarettes are cigarettes. And when and when you once

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Speaker 1: get to liking the little sticks, there's nothing that can

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Speaker 1: take their place, then don't forget that. Life on the

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Speaker 1: ocean with none of your women, folks, your girlfriends around

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Speaker 1: to break the monotony is a lot different from life ashore.

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Speaker 1: And I tell you those dreamsticks help you pass away

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Speaker 1: many and dreary and homestick our just a bunch of

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Speaker 1: navy boys, no women around, sucking down dreamsticks. Dream stakes. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Direct quote from Jerbine's speech pardnering people with marijuana for dreamsticks.

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Speaker 1: In an unrelated note, I saw a picture of Joe

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Speaker 1: Biden with a quantum computer the other day and it

178
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Speaker 1: just struck me as the most wrong thing. It's like

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Speaker 1: looking at Winston Churchill with a game boy, Like, No,

180
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Speaker 1: those aren't supposed to be in the same photograph. Joe

181
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Speaker 1: Biden should never have lived to see a quantum computer,

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Speaker 1: like seeing a diplodocus tamagotchi hanging out. Yeah, yeah, that's

183
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Speaker 1: not okay, that's not okay. Um. So opposition to cigarettes

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Speaker 1: in the military disappeared overnight once the United States got

185
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Speaker 1: into World War One. Much of this had to do

186
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Speaker 1: with black Jack Pershing, the leader of the American Expeditionary Force, who,

187
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Speaker 1: when asked what Americans could do to support their soldiers

188
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Speaker 1: going overseas, gave this reply. You asked me what we

189
00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:50,920
Speaker 1: need to win this war, I answered, tobacco as much

190
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Speaker 1: as bullets. Great it is. Yeah, yeah, we've spoken about

191
00:10:58,280 --> 00:11:01,800
Speaker 1: this before. But the universal true of conflict journalism. If

192
00:11:01,840 --> 00:11:04,440
Speaker 1: you need something you're not sure that someone's gonna give

193
00:11:04,480 --> 00:11:06,120
Speaker 1: it to you, you can probably get it by giving

194
00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:09,160
Speaker 1: someone enough cigarettes. I keep packs on me every time

195
00:11:09,160 --> 00:11:11,679
Speaker 1: I'm anywhere near because, like, and it's not always just

196
00:11:11,720 --> 00:11:14,760
Speaker 1: getting something. Some of that is like you meet people

197
00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:17,880
Speaker 1: and their stand offish because like, I don't know, they're

198
00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:20,480
Speaker 1: fucking soldiers in a war zone whose daily life involves

199
00:11:20,520 --> 00:11:22,840
Speaker 1: dealing with horrible trauma, and they don't know you. And

200
00:11:22,880 --> 00:11:25,199
Speaker 1: then you like bust out some Marboroughs and you sit

201
00:11:25,240 --> 00:11:27,880
Speaker 1: and smoke for like twenty minutes together, and then they

202
00:11:27,920 --> 00:11:31,000
Speaker 1: just start talking you know, like that's a thing. They're useful,

203
00:11:31,080 --> 00:11:36,880
Speaker 1: they're they're a great tool for journalism. Well, they're also

204
00:11:37,520 --> 00:11:40,120
Speaker 1: in terms of how they're being used. That's not unhealthy

205
00:11:40,120 --> 00:11:43,880
Speaker 1: by the military because cigarettes spoilers make you worse at

206
00:11:43,920 --> 00:11:47,800
Speaker 1: everything that is important for soldiers, almost everything. Right, today,

207
00:11:47,960 --> 00:11:50,520
Speaker 1: US soldiers who smoke score an average of thirty five

208
00:11:50,559 --> 00:11:54,280
Speaker 1: points lower on PT tests. Cigarette smoking harms your night vision,

209
00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:57,760
Speaker 1: like it's bad for your performance. Yes, they are bad

210
00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:00,400
Speaker 1: for your performance in combat. In addition to like people

211
00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:05,880
Speaker 1: get shot smoking cigarettes cherries. Right, But one thing they

212
00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:08,520
Speaker 1: do is they are a stress reliever. And we can

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Speaker 1: debate in the long term it's not a great coping strategy,

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Speaker 1: but if your daily job is to get shot at repeatedly,

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Speaker 1: you don't care about the long term. You just would

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Speaker 1: like a moment where things feel okay. Yeah, there is

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Speaker 1: not a long term for a lot of people. No, no,

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Speaker 1: especially not. And the other thing that they do is,

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Speaker 1: as we just talked about, people bond while smoking. It's

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Speaker 1: a part of why men and women. It's a way

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Speaker 1: in which men and women start to bond socially in

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Speaker 1: a way they had not in a long time in

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Speaker 1: Western society and soldiers in the trenches, bond sharing smokes.

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Speaker 1: It is a thing that you do with each other,

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Speaker 1: and you can't Number one, this is a thing I

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Speaker 1: don't think the tobacco industry could have anticipated because it's

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Speaker 1: just a very human thing. And it's also you can't

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Speaker 1: fight this like, there's not there's no nothing to do

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Speaker 1: about it. It's just a thing that people have adopted

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Speaker 1: for themselves in a difficult time. Um. And so this

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Speaker 1: is ah, this is a problem for the anti smoking people. Um.

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Speaker 1: Obviously smoking again very bad, uh for everything else that

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Speaker 1: makes you be a soldier. But soldiers are not thinking

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Speaker 1: about that in the times when they're smoking them. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And in a lot of military planners cases like they're

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Speaker 1: also it's hard to argue even though you've got people

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Speaker 1: who are in the medical profession for the military being

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Speaker 1: like these probably aren't good for people. It's hard to

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Speaker 1: argue that like a guy who you're asking to run

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Speaker 1: in a machine gun nest doesn't deserve to have like

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Speaker 1: a cigarette. Yeah. Um, And you know, if you know America,

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Speaker 1: you know that love for our military is basically the

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Speaker 1: not so secret control level lever for the American mind.

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Speaker 1: So cigarettes had been controversial prior to World War One,

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Speaker 1: but once we start sending men in the field and

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Speaker 1: pershings like we need cigarettes. Organizations that had previously lobbied

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Speaker 1: nationwide for smoking, bands like the y m c A

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Speaker 1: prior to World War One. The y m c A

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Speaker 1: is a massive part of trying to ban public smoking.

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Speaker 1: As soon as the war starts, they start shipping palettes

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Speaker 1: of cigarettes battle fields. It's it's great truth. For so

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Speaker 1: long you can just put the put this support. The

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Speaker 1: troops stank on anything, and people will love it. Here.

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Speaker 1: It's it's interesting. In the cigarette century, Alan Brandt writes,

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Speaker 1: volunteers organized smoke funds to collect donations to assure that

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Speaker 1: the troops had adequate supplies of cigarettes. The Sun Fund

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Speaker 1: amassed a hundred and thirty seven million cigarettes in a

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Speaker 1: two month period. Tobacco may not be a necessity of

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Speaker 1: life in the ordinary sense of the term, explained The

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Speaker 1: New York Times, but it certainly lightens the inevitable hardships

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Speaker 1: of war as nothing else can do. The National Cigarette

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Speaker 1: Service Committee collected the names of soldiers without families to

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Speaker 1: make sure they received cigarettes. Volunteers prepared packages for shipment

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Speaker 1: to the troops under the auspices of groups such as

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Speaker 1: the Army Girls Transport Tobacco Fund. Just that's sweet, Um, yeah, amazing.

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Speaker 1: I'm sure these people are like, we're also like dying

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Speaker 1: of trench foot and would have really appreciated like a

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Speaker 1: new pair of songs. Yes, socks probably also would have

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Speaker 1: gone over well yeah, I don't know. I mean, I

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Speaker 1: assume the military was already attempting to provide those things,

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Speaker 1: Like it is knew that you would provide cigarettes as

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Speaker 1: the military, so in the early days of the war, uh,

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Speaker 1: the US war effort. I should say, the fact that

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Speaker 1: most aid organizations in Europe provided cigarettes to soldiers for

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Speaker 1: a fee, often substantial, regularly made the news back home.

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Speaker 1: Soldiers are like, we're paying as much for a cigarette

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Speaker 1: at the front as we have to pay back at home,

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Speaker 1: Like that's kind of fucked up. Now, donated cigarettes were

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Speaker 1: only able to solve a small portion of this problem.

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Speaker 1: D nine million cigarettes is not a lot, um, if

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Speaker 1: you if you know anything about cigarettes, that's not very many.

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Speaker 1: Sounds like a lot. It is not. Um. A fucking

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Speaker 1: army in the field will smoke through a hundred and

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Speaker 1: thirty nine million cigarettes quicker than they'll go through that

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Speaker 1: many bullets uh donated cigarettes only yet solved a small

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Speaker 1: number of the problems, So the War Department had to

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Speaker 1: make the decision to issue tobacco rations to soldiers starting

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Speaker 1: in May of nineteen eighteen. The New York Times wrote

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Speaker 1: of the decision, quote, a wave of joy swept through

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Speaker 1: the American army today. Uh So it war fever means

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Speaker 1: a temporary end to the anti smoking movement. Many men

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Speaker 1: who had hated cigarettes prior to the war had become addicts.

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Speaker 1: While overseas, right they they you know, they're they're they're

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Speaker 1: big hygiene guys before and then they get shot at

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Speaker 1: and they have a smoke in the fucking trench with

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Speaker 1: their buddy, and then you know, for the rest of

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Speaker 1: their lives they think kindly of cigarettes. Um. And also

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Speaker 1: the fact that the cigarette is now associated with a

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Speaker 1: hard bitten trench fighter means that you can't attack the

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Speaker 1: moral character of smokers. The anti smoking women. They're only

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Speaker 1: smoked by criminals and and and not white people, right,

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Speaker 1: and now they're like, they're they're part of the icon

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Speaker 1: of the heroic soldier. Right. So when in nineteen hundred, again,

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Speaker 1: barely five percent of the country smoked or like nineteen

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Speaker 1: o four something like that. By nineteen forty and again sorry,

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Speaker 1: but in like the start of the nineteen hundreds, about

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Speaker 1: five percent of the country who smokes tobacco smokes. Right,

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Speaker 1: by nineteen forty of the United States adult population smokes

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Speaker 1: on a daily base. Yeah, it is a huge increase. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that is crazy. Average per consumer consumption escalated to In

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Speaker 1: nineteen hundred, Americans consumed about fifty four cigarettes per person

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Speaker 1: per year. Right, that's the average for the whole population.

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Speaker 1: In nineteen sixty three, Americans consume forty three hundred cigarettes

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Speaker 1: perch is not expecting that that is so many cigarettes.

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Speaker 1: Forty three hundred Jesus Christ, that's quite a few cigarettes. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: you're ready opting the intake Pokemon car collections now, oh yeah, no, no,

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00:17:59,320 --> 00:18:03,359
Speaker 1: a lot of kids are getting a lot of baseball cards. Um.

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Speaker 1: You know, those numbers are drive driven up by all

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Speaker 1: of the eleven year old smoking twelve thousand cigarettes cigarettes

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Speaker 1: at once, just burning through an entire carton in a day.

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Speaker 1: Uh So, this new wave of smokers brought with it

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Speaker 1: changes in American smoking habits, largely driven by R. J. Reynolds,

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Speaker 1: President of the Reynolds Tobacco Company. Richard Joshua Reynolds had

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Speaker 1: been born on July eighteen fifty in Patrick County, Virginia.

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Speaker 1: His father was a tobacco farmer, and as a young man,

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Speaker 1: Reynolds worked for his dad's plantation, which absolutely included a

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Speaker 1: funckload of enslaved people. R J was just fifteen when

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Speaker 1: the Civil War ended, bringing with it the first tiny

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Speaker 1: surgeon cigarette usage. He quickly fell in love with the things,

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Speaker 1: and he turned his father's company into an industry leading producer.

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Speaker 1: And R. J. Reynolds is different from Duke and that

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Speaker 1: Duke when he smoked smoked cigars. Right. He wants to

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Speaker 1: sell cigarettes. He thinks they're a good business. He doesn't

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Speaker 1: understand them, right. He understands how to get people to

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00:19:03,280 --> 00:19:06,000
Speaker 1: want to buy something. He's a good marketer. He doesn't

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Speaker 1: really get what people like in a cigarette. There is

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Speaker 1: nothing that R. J. Reynolds loves more than cigarettes. This

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Speaker 1: man like you have never loved a human being in

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Speaker 1: your life the way this man loves the concept of

340
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Speaker 1: a cigarette. Uh he is. He is such a cigarette

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Speaker 1: lover that he attempts to avoid getting into Duke's tobacco trust. Right,

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Speaker 1: He has his own way he wants to do things.

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Speaker 1: He doesn't want to get involved in this trust. He

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Speaker 1: wants to sell his cigarettes the way he wants to um.

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Speaker 1: He actually gets forced by Duke into the trust because

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Speaker 1: Duke uses shady methods to buy two thirds of Reynolds

347
00:19:39,640 --> 00:19:43,280
Speaker 1: tobacco stock to force the company into American Tobacco. And

348
00:19:43,280 --> 00:19:46,160
Speaker 1: despite this, R. J. Reynolds refuses to work with Duke,

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Speaker 1: and he even secretly helps the US government build an

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Speaker 1: antitrust case against American Tobacco. When the Supreme Court broke

351
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Speaker 1: the trust. Reynolds had one goal to funck over buck

352
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Speaker 1: Duke in his company. In nineteen thirteen, he created a

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Speaker 1: new cigarette which featured a mix of American and Turkish

354
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Speaker 1: tobacco to create a blended cigarette. He called this new

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Speaker 1: cigarette the Camel. Oh there it is camel cigarettes. Why

356
00:20:11,080 --> 00:20:16,520
Speaker 1: did he choose camel because it's Turkish tobacco. Yeah, you know,

357
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Speaker 1: Turkey camels, two things that are famous, constantly associated with

358
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Speaker 1: each other. Just imagine how it's better be if he

359
00:20:25,880 --> 00:20:30,040
Speaker 1: just called it the Turkey the Turkey right, His angry

360
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Speaker 1: Turkish nationalists love love the fact of those two things

361
00:20:33,960 --> 00:20:36,480
Speaker 1: that they sound the same I mean he should have

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Speaker 1: called it the Greek and then had just a drawing

363
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Speaker 1: of the Anatolian Peninsula on it. They'd be banned there

364
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Speaker 1: to this day. It would have been more war than

365
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Speaker 1: twenty century Europe. I'm gonna quote now from the cigarette century.

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Speaker 1: To help distinguish it from its competition, Reynolds offered no promotions.

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Speaker 1: Smokers realized that the value was in the cigarettes, and

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00:21:00,160 --> 00:21:04,040
Speaker 1: do not expect promotions or coupons, he explained. Against Duke's

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00:21:04,040 --> 00:21:08,040
Speaker 1: earlier advertising devoted to these now traditional promotional devices, Reynolds

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00:21:08,040 --> 00:21:11,840
Speaker 1: went modern. Reynolds committed unprecedented advertising money to promote this

371
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Speaker 1: single product, creating a national campaign to make the camel

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00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:19,080
Speaker 1: cigarette a truly national brand. In nineteen fourteen, newspapers throughout

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Speaker 1: the country ran add several days in succession that announced simply,

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Speaker 1: the camels are coming. They were followed by a second

375
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Speaker 1: wave of ads proclaiming tomorrow there will be more in

376
00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:31,719
Speaker 1: this town than all of Asia and Africa combined. Creating

377
00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:35,120
Speaker 1: such expectations and their fulfillment would become a central technique

378
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Speaker 1: of modern consumer advertising. The third ad portraying the camel

379
00:21:38,359 --> 00:21:43,120
Speaker 1: cigarette package read camel cigarettes are here. This advertising campaign,

380
00:21:43,320 --> 00:21:46,600
Speaker 1: and here the term campaign appropriately reflects the strategic technique

381
00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:52,879
Speaker 1: met with unprecedented success. Look at that. Yeahah, smart man. Yeah,

382
00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:56,919
Speaker 1: it's like an iconic brand, Okay, cigarettes, Like I know,

383
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Speaker 1: there are many brands that seem to be as icon

384
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Speaker 1: a cigarette brands, and it's global and yeah, and this

385
00:22:03,160 --> 00:22:05,159
Speaker 1: is the start of that part of it, right, because

386
00:22:05,280 --> 00:22:08,040
Speaker 1: cigarettes have started to go viral in this but not

387
00:22:08,119 --> 00:22:11,880
Speaker 1: necessarily on a brand basis. Right, you do have kind

388
00:22:11,880 --> 00:22:13,719
Speaker 1: of some of these early brands, but they all like

389
00:22:13,880 --> 00:22:16,359
Speaker 1: every tobacco company has a bunch of different brands and

390
00:22:16,359 --> 00:22:19,199
Speaker 1: they sell different ones of different regions. Reynolds is the

391
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Speaker 1: first guy to be like, no, not only do I

392
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Speaker 1: want my company to be the biggest, I want this

393
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Speaker 1: one specific kind of cigarette to be everywhere. So when

394
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Speaker 1: World War One ended, Campbell accounted for more than thirty

395
00:22:30,359 --> 00:22:33,040
Speaker 1: pc of the U. S. Cigarette market. Campbell's came into

396
00:22:33,119 --> 00:22:35,639
Speaker 1: vogue just as a new generation of female smokers came

397
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Speaker 1: onto the scene. These women had traditionally taken male job

398
00:22:38,760 --> 00:22:40,920
Speaker 1: had taken traditionally male jobs from men who had left

399
00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:43,160
Speaker 1: to fight, and after helping to save the U. S. Economy,

400
00:22:43,359 --> 00:22:45,600
Speaker 1: they didn't take well to the argument that them enjoying

401
00:22:45,600 --> 00:22:48,159
Speaker 1: a smoke with some sort of sin against femininity from

402
00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:52,280
Speaker 1: the Washington Post. Cigarette advertising companies, which at the time

403
00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:56,479
Speaker 1: primarily employed Mabel advertising executives, quickly co opted the ideas

404
00:22:56,480 --> 00:22:58,879
Speaker 1: of independence that women began to assert at the polls

405
00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:01,760
Speaker 1: and in the workplace. They targeted women, conveying the notions

406
00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:04,720
Speaker 1: that women who smoked were independent, attractive, and even athletic.

407
00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:08,000
Speaker 1: Lucky Strikes nine marketing pitch to women told them to

408
00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:11,160
Speaker 1: reach for our lucky instead of a suite. The message

409
00:23:11,440 --> 00:23:15,680
Speaker 1: smoke and you'll be thin. Oh great, there is. Yeah,

410
00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:18,680
Speaker 1: it's pretty fun Yeah minded how long that would take?

411
00:23:19,160 --> 00:23:21,600
Speaker 1: And this is number one. One thing that starts to

412
00:23:21,640 --> 00:23:24,600
Speaker 1: happen in this is a whole new generation of extremely

413
00:23:24,640 --> 00:23:27,879
Speaker 1: skinny female models starts to become popular because of this

414
00:23:27,960 --> 00:23:31,840
Speaker 1: Lucky Strike ad campaign they helped to create. Like that

415
00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:37,800
Speaker 1: that great thing, that whole trend. Yeah image. Now this

416
00:23:38,320 --> 00:23:40,639
Speaker 1: there's a backlash to this, and there's kind of a

417
00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:44,720
Speaker 1: war between cigarettes and the candy industry. Um, and it's

418
00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:46,600
Speaker 1: it's very funny that one of the cigarettes that will

419
00:23:46,600 --> 00:23:48,000
Speaker 1: come on the market at this time, I think it

420
00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:51,679
Speaker 1: might be Marlborough's. Uh, they're advertising campaign is to like

421
00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:54,760
Speaker 1: push back at cammebll by being like, no, cigarettes and

422
00:23:54,840 --> 00:23:57,520
Speaker 1: candy are both good for you. You You should have your

423
00:23:57,520 --> 00:24:01,920
Speaker 1: cigarette and your chocolate. They're a healthy treat. But no,

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00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:03,840
Speaker 1: the candy industry has to be like the funk are

425
00:24:03,880 --> 00:24:07,920
Speaker 1: you saying about people not eating candy? Come on, we're

426
00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:16,919
Speaker 1: not trying to shoot on cigarettes here too. Nice just

427
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:19,840
Speaker 1: when they start making candy cigarettes and well, yeah, this

428
00:24:19,920 --> 00:24:22,680
Speaker 1: is that in this period. One of the interesting things

429
00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:25,800
Speaker 1: about candy cigarettes when they first get made, they're all

430
00:24:25,880 --> 00:24:28,320
Speaker 1: made with the brands of real cigarettes. So there will

431
00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:32,000
Speaker 1: be Camels now not legally, they're all illegal. They're all

432
00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:36,680
Speaker 1: candy companies using a brand illegally. The cigarette industry makes

433
00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:40,040
Speaker 1: a concerted decision to never pursue charges over it, to

434
00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:43,000
Speaker 1: never go after them, because they're like, well, if kids

435
00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:44,920
Speaker 1: get used to picking up a pack of Camels, that's

436
00:24:44,920 --> 00:24:50,119
Speaker 1: a win for us. Yeah, Like, there's no downside to

437
00:24:50,240 --> 00:24:55,760
Speaker 1: us letting them do this. Yeah, it's a wind for everyone. Great. Yeah. Now,

438
00:24:56,240 --> 00:24:58,600
Speaker 1: one thing that does happen in the post war period

439
00:24:58,680 --> 00:25:01,480
Speaker 1: is that female smokers are an easier target for anti

440
00:25:01,520 --> 00:25:05,479
Speaker 1: smoking advocates than soldiers, who are you know, heroic and stuff.

441
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:08,880
Speaker 1: When the Eighteenth Amendment gets past banning the sale of alcohol,

442
00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:12,880
Speaker 1: moral crusaders like evangelist Billy Sunday turned their attention to tobacco,

443
00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:17,000
Speaker 1: saying in one speech, prohibition is one now for tobacco.

444
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:20,200
Speaker 1: The Women's Christian Temperance Union and SHOED issued a pamphlet

445
00:25:20,240 --> 00:25:23,760
Speaker 1: titled Smoking Next. The first success in this wave of

446
00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:26,919
Speaker 1: the anti smoking movement came in Utah, which banned the sale,

447
00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:30,560
Speaker 1: giving away, or other exchange of cigarettes. The bill's advocates

448
00:25:30,560 --> 00:25:33,720
Speaker 1: included the w C t U and and the Mormon Church,

449
00:25:33,840 --> 00:25:36,560
Speaker 1: both of which emphasized the moral risks of letting women

450
00:25:36,560 --> 00:25:40,359
Speaker 1: be seen smoking. Senator Edward Southwick, who wrote the bill,

451
00:25:40,600 --> 00:25:44,160
Speaker 1: quoted US Surgeon General Hugh Cumming, which was his real name,

452
00:25:45,160 --> 00:25:48,919
Speaker 1: as saying, if American women generally contract the habit as

453
00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:52,040
Speaker 1: reports now indicate they are doing, the entire American nation

454
00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:54,480
Speaker 1: will suffer. The physical tone of the whole nation will

455
00:25:54,520 --> 00:25:56,840
Speaker 1: be lowered. This is one of the most evil influences

456
00:25:56,840 --> 00:25:59,640
Speaker 1: in American life today. The habit harms a woman more

457
00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:06,840
Speaker 1: than it as a man. Great, thanks you yeah. Intellects

458
00:26:06,960 --> 00:26:11,760
Speaker 1: yeah yeah, real real smart guy, real comer. Hugh Yeah,

459
00:26:12,240 --> 00:26:14,040
Speaker 1: there were the names he could have been cursed with,

460
00:26:14,080 --> 00:26:15,879
Speaker 1: which could have been his first name, could have been worse.

461
00:26:15,960 --> 00:26:19,639
Speaker 1: But yeah, yeah, but we but you know what will

462
00:26:19,680 --> 00:26:24,760
Speaker 1: make you come, James, Uh, please in lighten me the

463
00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:28,399
Speaker 1: sponsors of our podcasts, not their products, which are a

464
00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:32,119
Speaker 1: sexual but the actual people who run in a stock

465
00:26:32,160 --> 00:26:36,080
Speaker 1: in the companies. Anytime you ask for it, that's good

466
00:26:36,119 --> 00:26:38,560
Speaker 1: to know. That's that's a promise. Yeah, I don't play

467
00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:48,600
Speaker 1: that in the old context. But ah, we're back. We're

468
00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:51,440
Speaker 1: talking about come. You know, every time I talk about

469
00:26:51,520 --> 00:26:54,040
Speaker 1: come on this show, somebody gets up in the subreddit

470
00:26:54,080 --> 00:26:57,200
Speaker 1: and they're like, I wish they wouldn't make juvenile jokes aboutcome.

471
00:26:57,320 --> 00:27:02,280
Speaker 1: It's not very funny. It's exactly be funny to make. Yeah. Look,

472
00:27:02,480 --> 00:27:05,160
Speaker 1: I am never going to stop making cup jokes aboutcome,

473
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:07,400
Speaker 1: and I'm never gonna stop telling people that when Mitch

474
00:27:07,480 --> 00:27:11,200
Speaker 1: McConnell comes, all that exits his penis is a mix

475
00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:16,400
Speaker 1: of dry scabs and spider legs. That that well, no juvenile,

476
00:27:16,520 --> 00:27:19,160
Speaker 1: is still funny. It is. It's funny and true. It's

477
00:27:19,160 --> 00:27:22,359
Speaker 1: it's actually funny. Yeah, it's true, and he can suss over.

478
00:27:22,520 --> 00:27:26,919
Speaker 1: We'll take him to court. Shows show us the evidence, Mitch, Yeah,

479
00:27:27,119 --> 00:27:29,320
Speaker 1: show us the evidence, Mitch, show us the evidence that

480
00:27:29,359 --> 00:27:33,080
Speaker 1: when you come the dry scabs exiting year Urethra don't

481
00:27:33,080 --> 00:27:37,280
Speaker 1: make a sound exactly like crabs scuttling on a soap

482
00:27:37,400 --> 00:27:41,119
Speaker 1: stone bed. Prove it to me. Prove it to me, Mitch.

483
00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:48,440
Speaker 1: I'm now physically unwell. Would you like a cigarette? Yeah?

484
00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:53,880
Speaker 1: I think I've been traumatized and level of this girl.

485
00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:57,280
Speaker 1: I'd like to shorten my life. Yes, well, why don't

486
00:27:57,280 --> 00:28:00,200
Speaker 1: you reach for a lucky instead of a suite? That

487
00:28:00,240 --> 00:28:03,520
Speaker 1: will help these day maintain my good as physique. So

488
00:28:04,640 --> 00:28:08,000
Speaker 1: as we've just come back, the Surgeon General has been like,

489
00:28:08,080 --> 00:28:10,840
Speaker 1: this is going to lower the moral tone of women.

490
00:28:11,119 --> 00:28:14,959
Speaker 1: And again, I just so that I'm not mistaken. Cigarettes

491
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,960
Speaker 1: are bad. Don't smoke them. These people are technically in

492
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:19,800
Speaker 1: the right, but they're in the right for the wrong

493
00:28:19,880 --> 00:28:23,280
Speaker 1: reasons usually, so fuck them. Um. I'm gonna quote again

494
00:28:23,320 --> 00:28:26,720
Speaker 1: from Alan Brandt here, another supporter of the legislation, noted

495
00:28:26,760 --> 00:28:29,199
Speaker 1: that the fingers of our girls are being varnished with

496
00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:32,520
Speaker 1: the stains of those harmful little instruments of destruction, just

497
00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:35,720
Speaker 1: as earlier opponents of the cigarette had done. Senator Southwick

498
00:28:35,840 --> 00:28:38,200
Speaker 1: argued that the use of the cigarette violated the liberties

499
00:28:38,200 --> 00:28:41,600
Speaker 1: of non smokers, which is fair, offended moral sensibilities, which

500
00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:44,520
Speaker 1: is unfair, and polluted public space, which is we'll call

501
00:28:44,600 --> 00:28:47,560
Speaker 1: that one mixed. We cannot bring our wives and daughters

502
00:28:47,600 --> 00:28:49,800
Speaker 1: to the city, he wrote, and cannot come along without

503
00:28:49,840 --> 00:28:53,080
Speaker 1: encountering tobacco smoke everywhere. Is it that saturates our clothing

504
00:28:53,120 --> 00:28:56,560
Speaker 1: and nauseates us personal liberty? Ours is as inviolate or

505
00:28:56,600 --> 00:29:01,280
Speaker 1: as or should be as theirs? Amazing? Like yeah, when

506
00:29:01,360 --> 00:29:04,640
Speaker 1: like industry is ripping children's arms off that body. Yeah no,

507
00:29:04,880 --> 00:29:08,720
Speaker 1: And people are just burning pure petroleum jelly in the

508
00:29:08,760 --> 00:29:11,920
Speaker 1: back of a fucking model t Yeah yeah, just pouring

509
00:29:11,960 --> 00:29:16,360
Speaker 1: some lead into the reserve lead tank. Yeah again, fucking

510
00:29:16,440 --> 00:29:19,360
Speaker 1: nineteen twenty two. Your your worst encounter is not going

511
00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:21,800
Speaker 1: to be with tobacco smoke in the streets of the city.

512
00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:25,440
Speaker 1: The call burning colonialism. Factory isn't a problem. It's women

513
00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:29,720
Speaker 1: smoking we need to worry about. Now. By nine sixteen

514
00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:32,920
Speaker 1: states had banned to restricted cigarette sales and promotion, but

515
00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:36,160
Speaker 1: none of these restrictions lasted long. The disaster that was

516
00:29:36,200 --> 00:29:38,960
Speaker 1: prohibition and the growing number of tobacco addicts made the

517
00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:42,440
Speaker 1: anti smoking cause untenable. A chief issue with the fight

518
00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:45,040
Speaker 1: to restrict smoking was the fact that it rested mostly

519
00:29:45,080 --> 00:29:48,120
Speaker 1: on moral panic grounds. Right again, if all of these

520
00:29:48,120 --> 00:29:50,600
Speaker 1: people are saying smoking is horrible for your health, and

521
00:29:50,720 --> 00:29:53,160
Speaker 1: sure we shouldn't be doing it, that's one thing. But

522
00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:55,560
Speaker 1: a lot of them are being like, well, women shouldn't

523
00:29:55,560 --> 00:29:57,520
Speaker 1: be smoking. It's bad for kids to see it. It's

524
00:29:57,560 --> 00:30:01,280
Speaker 1: gonna stay in their hands. They don't have at this point,

525
00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:06,520
Speaker 1: they don't have widely agreed upon medical evidence that smoking

526
00:30:06,680 --> 00:30:08,520
Speaker 1: is bad for you, And in fact, a lot of

527
00:30:08,600 --> 00:30:11,520
Speaker 1: doctors will argue that smoking is if not healthy, then

528
00:30:11,600 --> 00:30:15,080
Speaker 1: not a serious harm. It was not as common in

529
00:30:15,120 --> 00:30:17,520
Speaker 1: this period for to have doctors be like, smoking clear

530
00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:20,200
Speaker 1: as your lungs, But most of them tended to be like, well,

531
00:30:20,680 --> 00:30:22,600
Speaker 1: it's not that bad for you, right, It's you know,

532
00:30:22,640 --> 00:30:24,800
Speaker 1: it's like it's like it is like eating candy, right,

533
00:30:24,840 --> 00:30:26,960
Speaker 1: That's that's what They's not like eating candy. Please. I'm

534
00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:29,280
Speaker 1: not saying that someone's gonna get really angry at me.

535
00:30:29,320 --> 00:30:31,800
Speaker 1: I'm just saying, if you're a doctor in the twenties,

536
00:30:32,320 --> 00:30:35,200
Speaker 1: odds are rather than saying smoking is bad for you,

537
00:30:35,280 --> 00:30:38,080
Speaker 1: saying like, well, it's probably okay to have the occasional

538
00:30:38,080 --> 00:30:41,400
Speaker 1: cigarette as part of a balanced diet or whatever you know. Right,

539
00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:45,040
Speaker 1: and again, doctors are heavily debating as the thirties dawn

540
00:30:45,240 --> 00:30:49,320
Speaker 1: whether or not smoking causes cancer. There were studies by

541
00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:52,800
Speaker 1: this point that showed a correlation between self reported smoking

542
00:30:52,840 --> 00:30:55,960
Speaker 1: habits and lung cancer, and by the nineteen twenties rates

543
00:30:55,960 --> 00:30:58,760
Speaker 1: of lung cancer had started to soar. Given all of this,

544
00:30:58,840 --> 00:31:01,160
Speaker 1: it might seem easy to of a link between cigarettes

545
00:31:01,160 --> 00:31:04,720
Speaker 1: and lung cancer, but it's not all. All you've got

546
00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:08,080
Speaker 1: in the twenties is that there's a correlation between the two.

547
00:31:08,240 --> 00:31:11,280
Speaker 1: But obviously cigarettes aren't the only thing that's been introduced

548
00:31:11,480 --> 00:31:13,800
Speaker 1: to modern life in in the early part of the

549
00:31:13,800 --> 00:31:18,000
Speaker 1: twentieth century. Right, there's cars Now Suddenly people are getting

550
00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:20,800
Speaker 1: a whole bunch of different medications that didn't used to exist.

551
00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:23,959
Speaker 1: All sorts of ship is around that just wasn't before.

552
00:31:24,320 --> 00:31:26,440
Speaker 1: So how do you know, how do you know think

553
00:31:26,480 --> 00:31:28,640
Speaker 1: about this? How can you prove if you're just a

554
00:31:28,760 --> 00:31:33,000
Speaker 1: dude and nineteen twenty two, that the thing causing lung

555
00:31:33,040 --> 00:31:35,760
Speaker 1: cancer and your friends is the cigarette and not the

556
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:38,960
Speaker 1: car or the fucking fluorescent light bulbs, right, like, you

557
00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:42,000
Speaker 1: don't know, there's not there's not evidence at this point

558
00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:46,760
Speaker 1: you know of this industrial identity, And again, yeah, a

559
00:31:46,880 --> 00:31:50,320
Speaker 1: lot has changed really quickly. Um, and there's actually there's

560
00:31:50,360 --> 00:31:53,920
Speaker 1: some surprisingly logical reasons to question the early science. One

561
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:56,560
Speaker 1: doctor in critic over fears of cigarette use, one of

562
00:31:56,560 --> 00:31:59,000
Speaker 1: the guys who's arguing against the people saying that lung

563
00:31:59,040 --> 00:32:01,680
Speaker 1: cancer and smoking are correlated. One of the things he

564
00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:04,880
Speaker 1: says is that, like, well, when we get lung cancer patients,

565
00:32:04,880 --> 00:32:06,680
Speaker 1: they have a lung and one they have a tumor

566
00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:08,560
Speaker 1: and one lung or the other. Very few of them

567
00:32:08,560 --> 00:32:10,880
Speaker 1: have tumors in both lungs. But when you smoke, the

568
00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:14,040
Speaker 1: smoke is drawn into both lungs equally. So if smoking

569
00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:16,480
Speaker 1: is causing lung cancer, why wouldn't it be causing it

570
00:32:16,520 --> 00:32:19,160
Speaker 1: in both lungs at the same time. Obviously we know

571
00:32:19,240 --> 00:32:21,080
Speaker 1: that just that's just the way cancer works, right, Like,

572
00:32:21,560 --> 00:32:24,240
Speaker 1: but again, based on the knowledge at the time, that's

573
00:32:24,240 --> 00:32:27,000
Speaker 1: not a bad point to make, right, he's wrong, But

574
00:32:27,120 --> 00:32:28,959
Speaker 1: you can see how a person who is not like

575
00:32:29,040 --> 00:32:34,160
Speaker 1: in the pocket of big tobacco could make that mistake. Yeah, Um,

576
00:32:34,320 --> 00:32:37,600
Speaker 1: his reasoning is not inherently unsound. Right, he's wrong, but

577
00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:41,400
Speaker 1: but not because he's like again, later all the scientists

578
00:32:41,400 --> 00:32:43,480
Speaker 1: on the other side of this will be doing something

579
00:32:43,520 --> 00:32:46,760
Speaker 1: fundamentally dishonest. These are just people trying to understand the

580
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:48,440
Speaker 1: human body in a period in which we don't have

581
00:32:48,480 --> 00:32:52,480
Speaker 1: that much information about it. Um Other scientists would argue

582
00:32:52,480 --> 00:32:54,400
Speaker 1: that the rise in lung cancer was attributed to the

583
00:32:54,440 --> 00:32:56,880
Speaker 1: fact that life expectancy had risen a lot in the

584
00:32:56,880 --> 00:32:59,960
Speaker 1: first quarter of the twentieth century. People were getting more

585
00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:03,440
Speaker 1: weird cancers, they argued, because people were living longer. Maybe

586
00:33:03,520 --> 00:33:05,720
Speaker 1: lung cancer has always been normal once you hit a

587
00:33:05,760 --> 00:33:07,560
Speaker 1: certain age, and we just didn't have that many people

588
00:33:07,760 --> 00:33:14,320
Speaker 1: reaching it. You know, again, these are not inherently illogical arguments. Now.

589
00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:17,920
Speaker 1: There were, however, doctors early on who were who figured

590
00:33:17,920 --> 00:33:20,480
Speaker 1: out what was happening, who knew and who put together

591
00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:23,080
Speaker 1: that there was a link between smoking and lung cancer,

592
00:33:23,520 --> 00:33:26,080
Speaker 1: But it took data a long time to catch up

593
00:33:26,080 --> 00:33:29,120
Speaker 1: with that. For one thing, epidemiology is in its infancy

594
00:33:29,160 --> 00:33:31,880
Speaker 1: in this period of time, the first small batch studies,

595
00:33:31,880 --> 00:33:33,960
Speaker 1: and by the late twenties we have studies that show

596
00:33:34,040 --> 00:33:37,080
Speaker 1: a correlation between smoking and lung cancer, but there's no

597
00:33:37,120 --> 00:33:40,360
Speaker 1: control group, so all they show it, So there's no

598
00:33:40,400 --> 00:33:42,880
Speaker 1: group of people who don't smoke to see what their

599
00:33:42,920 --> 00:33:45,400
Speaker 1: lung cancer rates are, because that's not a normal part

600
00:33:45,440 --> 00:33:48,480
Speaker 1: of medical science. Yet they're starting to do that. They're

601
00:33:48,520 --> 00:33:50,960
Speaker 1: figuring out like, oh, yeah, you should have fucking control

602
00:33:50,960 --> 00:33:53,640
Speaker 1: groups in your medical studies. But it's not the thing

603
00:33:53,760 --> 00:33:56,280
Speaker 1: that you just do de rigor. At this point in time,

604
00:33:56,280 --> 00:33:58,920
Speaker 1: it becomes it partly partly as a result of this research,

605
00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:01,200
Speaker 1: and in fact there's a night teen twenty article in

606
00:34:01,200 --> 00:34:03,880
Speaker 1: the New England Journal of Medicine in which this that

607
00:34:03,920 --> 00:34:08,239
Speaker 1: points out, like um, it shows a link between smoking

608
00:34:08,239 --> 00:34:10,719
Speaker 1: and lung cancer. But it also points out that their

609
00:34:10,719 --> 00:34:13,560
Speaker 1: study and other similar studies are of little value without

610
00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:17,120
Speaker 1: similar studies on individuals without cancer without control groups. Right.

611
00:34:17,440 --> 00:34:19,799
Speaker 1: So part of why that becomes more common in this

612
00:34:19,840 --> 00:34:22,120
Speaker 1: period is scientists trying to figure out if there's a

613
00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:25,279
Speaker 1: link between smoking and lung cancer. The scientists who write

614
00:34:25,280 --> 00:34:29,040
Speaker 1: that nine study, Herbert Lombard and parl During, carried out

615
00:34:29,080 --> 00:34:32,560
Speaker 1: their own small two persons study with a control group,

616
00:34:32,880 --> 00:34:35,719
Speaker 1: and this is the first good quality study we have

617
00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:38,279
Speaker 1: that shows lung cancer. Is it shows a bunch of things.

618
00:34:38,360 --> 00:34:41,799
Speaker 1: Number One, I shouldn't say shows It suggests a bunch

619
00:34:41,840 --> 00:34:44,520
Speaker 1: of things. Number One, it suggests that lung cancer is

620
00:34:44,560 --> 00:34:47,080
Speaker 1: not a contagious disease, which how would you have known that?

621
00:34:47,200 --> 00:34:49,560
Speaker 1: You know, without psich you don't know that people aren't

622
00:34:49,600 --> 00:34:51,400
Speaker 1: giving it to each other. Right, But it's not some

623
00:34:51,520 --> 00:34:53,800
Speaker 1: weird thing that people got when they started walking in

624
00:34:53,840 --> 00:34:56,759
Speaker 1: the Amazon or whatever. Right, how would you know? Um,

625
00:34:56,960 --> 00:34:59,040
Speaker 1: they know, they find they or at least the data

626
00:34:59,120 --> 00:35:02,560
Speaker 1: suggests that it's. Also there's not a correlation between lung

627
00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:05,400
Speaker 1: cancer and low quality housing, which was another thing people

628
00:35:05,400 --> 00:35:07,759
Speaker 1: didn't know. It's something about the way we insulate our homes,

629
00:35:07,800 --> 00:35:10,000
Speaker 1: you know. Uh. They also find out that it's not

630
00:35:10,080 --> 00:35:13,120
Speaker 1: associated with constipation, which was a thing that some doctor

631
00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:15,640
Speaker 1: And again we can laugh about that, but how would

632
00:35:15,719 --> 00:35:19,879
Speaker 1: you know if you didn't do the study? Um? One

633
00:35:19,920 --> 00:35:22,920
Speaker 1: of the primary like damning thing the study finds is

634
00:35:22,960 --> 00:35:26,440
Speaker 1: that self reported heavy smokers are twenty seven percent likelier

635
00:35:26,480 --> 00:35:30,360
Speaker 1: to get lung cancer. This is the first scientifically solid

636
00:35:30,400 --> 00:35:33,920
Speaker 1: evidence linking cigarettes to lung cancer. Now, two person study

637
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:36,480
Speaker 1: with a two person control group. That's not definitive, Right,

638
00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:39,440
Speaker 1: that's enough to justify further research. Sure, but that's not

639
00:35:39,520 --> 00:35:42,600
Speaker 1: a huge study. The nineteen thirties are where we're going

640
00:35:42,640 --> 00:35:44,480
Speaker 1: to see the first attempts on a large scale to

641
00:35:44,600 --> 00:35:48,440
Speaker 1: document the relationship between cigarettes and cancer. The impetus to this,

642
00:35:48,640 --> 00:35:51,040
Speaker 1: the impetus for this research actually comes from one of

643
00:35:51,040 --> 00:35:54,160
Speaker 1: the few industries that can rifle big tobacco for sheer evil,

644
00:35:54,480 --> 00:35:57,520
Speaker 1: the insurance industry. They are the people who are going

645
00:35:57,600 --> 00:36:00,239
Speaker 1: to bring because they see this early research in like,

646
00:36:00,360 --> 00:36:02,440
Speaker 1: wait a second, we're paying a shipload of money out

647
00:36:02,480 --> 00:36:04,560
Speaker 1: on all these fuckers die in a lung cancer. If

648
00:36:04,560 --> 00:36:06,680
Speaker 1: cigarettes cause it, we need to be charging people more

649
00:36:06,719 --> 00:36:10,440
Speaker 1: if they smoke, right, like, they're doing it for evil reasons,

650
00:36:10,600 --> 00:36:17,319
Speaker 1: but it is important research exactly. So. One of the

651
00:36:17,400 --> 00:36:20,680
Speaker 1: chief drivers of this is a guy named Frederick Hoffman,

652
00:36:20,719 --> 00:36:24,040
Speaker 1: who is a student a statician at Prudential, and Hoffman

653
00:36:24,160 --> 00:36:26,520
Speaker 1: notices in nineteen thirty one that a lot of fucking

654
00:36:26,520 --> 00:36:29,680
Speaker 1: life insurance policies are being filled for dead lung cancer patients.

655
00:36:30,040 --> 00:36:32,880
Speaker 1: If smoking was the cause, then again, you're gonna need

656
00:36:32,920 --> 00:36:35,400
Speaker 1: to restructure the way premiums work. A lot of money

657
00:36:35,480 --> 00:36:38,160
Speaker 1: is at stake, which is obviously what interest Prudential. They

658
00:36:38,160 --> 00:36:41,120
Speaker 1: don't care about the cost of human life. So the

659
00:36:41,120 --> 00:36:43,960
Speaker 1: thing that Hoffman notices is that in nineteen fifteen, the

660
00:36:44,040 --> 00:36:46,719
Speaker 1: lung cancer rate stands at about point seven people per

661
00:36:46,760 --> 00:36:50,600
Speaker 1: thousand people, right about point seven people per every thousand

662
00:36:50,640 --> 00:36:52,880
Speaker 1: and the population are likely to get lung cancer. By

663
00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:56,320
Speaker 1: nineteen twenty, it's risen to one point one per thousand.

664
00:36:56,800 --> 00:36:59,279
Speaker 1: It's one point six per thousand by nineteen twenty four,

665
00:36:59,440 --> 00:37:02,080
Speaker 1: and one point nine per thousand by nineteen twenty eight.

666
00:37:02,200 --> 00:37:04,480
Speaker 1: That means in thirteen years the rate of lung cancer

667
00:37:04,520 --> 00:37:08,360
Speaker 1: has nearly tripled. Now Hoffman is not bound by the

668
00:37:08,400 --> 00:37:11,000
Speaker 1: ethical constraints of a doctor, right, he doesn't have to

669
00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:13,400
Speaker 1: wait until he has really good data to be like

670
00:37:13,440 --> 00:37:17,600
Speaker 1: smoking causes lung cancer. He sees this, he puts two

671
00:37:17,600 --> 00:37:20,200
Speaker 1: and two together, and he becomes the first prominent pig

672
00:37:20,239 --> 00:37:23,319
Speaker 1: figure to publish a claim that tobacco uses associated with

673
00:37:23,320 --> 00:37:25,799
Speaker 1: a heightened rate of cancer and early death. And he's

674
00:37:25,800 --> 00:37:28,880
Speaker 1: doing it again to Warren insurance companies. A new wave

675
00:37:28,920 --> 00:37:31,479
Speaker 1: of studies follows, and as the nineteen thirties gives away

676
00:37:31,480 --> 00:37:34,400
Speaker 1: to the forties, the tobacco industry keeps a worried, watchful

677
00:37:34,480 --> 00:37:38,120
Speaker 1: eye on this emerging science. They also start exploding their

678
00:37:38,160 --> 00:37:41,160
Speaker 1: advertising budgets in order to kind of make up for

679
00:37:41,280 --> 00:37:44,640
Speaker 1: the increasing talk in the background about maybe cigarettes aren't

680
00:37:44,680 --> 00:37:47,600
Speaker 1: so great to look for us. In nineteen eleven, prior

681
00:37:47,640 --> 00:37:50,319
Speaker 1: to the bust of the American Tobacco Trust, the entire

682
00:37:50,400 --> 00:37:53,920
Speaker 1: cigarette industry profited about thirteen million dollars a year. By

683
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:57,080
Speaker 1: nineteen eighteen, the big five tobacco companies were spending more

684
00:37:57,080 --> 00:38:00,879
Speaker 1: than thirteen million dollars every year justin ads. In doing so,

685
00:38:01,160 --> 00:38:03,960
Speaker 1: they helped create the very language of American culture. And

686
00:38:03,960 --> 00:38:05,680
Speaker 1: I'm gonna quote from a write up in the Journal

687
00:38:05,719 --> 00:38:10,520
Speaker 1: of Marketing Theory and Practice by Richard Poley. Cigarette sellers

688
00:38:10,520 --> 00:38:12,880
Speaker 1: were among the most enthusiastic pioneers in the use of

689
00:38:12,920 --> 00:38:16,640
Speaker 1: network broadcasting for coast to coast advertising. By nineteen thirty

690
00:38:16,680 --> 00:38:19,920
Speaker 1: American Tobacco, Brown and Williamson, P. Lourellard, and R. J.

691
00:38:20,040 --> 00:38:23,239
Speaker 1: Reynolds were all buying to network radio time. There has

692
00:38:23,239 --> 00:38:26,520
Speaker 1: been no greater enthusiast for radio advert broadcast advertising the

693
00:38:26,560 --> 00:38:29,080
Speaker 1: George W. Hill of the A t C, whose business

694
00:38:29,120 --> 00:38:31,800
Speaker 1: for the first five months of nineteen thirties surpassed all records.

695
00:38:32,040 --> 00:38:34,960
Speaker 1: The company sponsors the Lucky Strike Dance Orchestra. In three

696
00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:38,800
Speaker 1: hour broadcasts each week week. Lucky Strikes sponsored many radio

697
00:38:38,840 --> 00:38:41,440
Speaker 1: comedies and musical shows, such as Jack Benny and the

698
00:38:41,520 --> 00:38:44,719
Speaker 1: Kay Kayser College of Music Musical Knowledge, and the best

699
00:38:44,719 --> 00:38:48,080
Speaker 1: known and longest of running popular musical shows, Lucky Strikes

700
00:38:48,160 --> 00:38:50,960
Speaker 1: Hit Parade. This show started in nineteen twenty eight and

701
00:38:51,040 --> 00:38:54,200
Speaker 1: ran into the nineteen fifties on television. It featured teen

702
00:38:54,239 --> 00:38:57,080
Speaker 1: idol Frank Sinatra when he was launching his career. So

703
00:38:57,160 --> 00:38:59,440
Speaker 1: popular was this show in nineteen thirty eight that a

704
00:38:59,520 --> 00:39:02,239
Speaker 1: Sweeps Aches promotion offering free cartoons of Lucky's for the

705
00:39:02,320 --> 00:39:05,080
Speaker 1: names of the three most popular tunes drew nearly seven

706
00:39:05,120 --> 00:39:08,759
Speaker 1: million entries per week. The Lucky Strike Hit Parade was

707
00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:11,400
Speaker 1: the first show to rank popular music releases in an

708
00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:14,319
Speaker 1: ongoing basis. This is where we get the top forty.

709
00:39:14,600 --> 00:39:17,080
Speaker 1: The entire structure of the musical industry comes out of

710
00:39:17,120 --> 00:39:21,720
Speaker 1: Lucky Strikes hit points. Yeah, there's crappy Christmas number one singles,

711
00:39:21,800 --> 00:39:25,279
Speaker 1: and it seems like podcasts and podcasts we all owe

712
00:39:25,320 --> 00:39:29,279
Speaker 1: a debt to Lucky Strike every time you mean dick

713
00:39:29,560 --> 00:39:34,520
Speaker 1: advert just saying well in more ways than what let's

714
00:39:34,680 --> 00:39:36,880
Speaker 1: let's all give the good folks at lucky strike, a

715
00:39:36,960 --> 00:39:39,640
Speaker 1: solid go and pick out a pack right now that

716
00:39:39,719 --> 00:39:41,200
Speaker 1: you don't have to smoke, and give it to a kid.

717
00:39:41,280 --> 00:39:47,399
Speaker 1: You know they love to smoke. Um, Sophie, what I'm

718
00:39:47,440 --> 00:39:50,840
Speaker 1: done with my script throwing two ads? Now? I'm throwing

719
00:39:50,840 --> 00:39:53,400
Speaker 1: two adds Like the good men at R. J. Reynolds

720
00:39:53,440 --> 00:39:56,640
Speaker 1: and Laura Lard and the other grates of the tobacco

721
00:39:56,680 --> 00:40:00,359
Speaker 1: industry taught me too, Sophie. I'm i'm I'm to ring

722
00:40:00,480 --> 00:40:12,120
Speaker 1: our ancestors. We're back to cigarette and we're ready to go.

723
00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:18,200
Speaker 1: Cigarettes have now just invented the modern music industry. It's

724
00:40:18,360 --> 00:40:25,879
Speaker 1: lunatics taken over, the asygnum taken over. They felt better

725
00:40:25,920 --> 00:40:29,520
Speaker 1: and they yeah, that's that is a lucky strike, if

726
00:40:29,520 --> 00:40:32,879
Speaker 1: you ask me. So. The need to capture smokers young,

727
00:40:32,960 --> 00:40:35,279
Speaker 1: because market research has shown that people tended to be

728
00:40:35,320 --> 00:40:38,440
Speaker 1: brand loyal, also helped to create the modern conception of

729
00:40:38,440 --> 00:40:42,480
Speaker 1: ad demographics. Right, advertisers start learning how to differentiate and

730
00:40:42,480 --> 00:40:44,840
Speaker 1: split over. You know, the idea that like the eighteen

731
00:40:44,840 --> 00:40:47,279
Speaker 1: to thirty five males is like the most valuable at

732
00:40:47,520 --> 00:40:50,799
Speaker 1: that comes out here, right, And it's because like those

733
00:40:51,080 --> 00:40:54,640
Speaker 1: that's when you gotta get them smoking right earlier possible,

734
00:40:54,719 --> 00:41:00,080
Speaker 1: yea ideally I like eleven or twelve. They advertise a

735
00:41:00,080 --> 00:41:03,440
Speaker 1: lot in colleges, and they also it leads tobacco companies

736
00:41:03,480 --> 00:41:06,759
Speaker 1: to steer more and more towards funding children's entertainment. This

737
00:41:06,800 --> 00:41:10,360
Speaker 1: starts with the comics pages a syndicated weekly pop collection

738
00:41:10,400 --> 00:41:14,440
Speaker 1: called Puck is like massive for cigarette ads, but as

739
00:41:14,480 --> 00:41:17,799
Speaker 1: Pole writes, it quickly expanded beyond that quote. In the

740
00:41:17,880 --> 00:41:22,080
Speaker 1: nineteen fifties, many brands used cartoon trade characters in their advertising.

741
00:41:22,239 --> 00:41:24,319
Speaker 1: The ads on Lucky Strikes Hit Parade for a while

742
00:41:24,360 --> 00:41:27,440
Speaker 1: featured a cute animated character called Scoop, who, through the

743
00:41:27,440 --> 00:41:31,680
Speaker 1: then impressive technical feat of superimposition, appeared on a screened

744
00:41:31,719 --> 00:41:34,680
Speaker 1: with the show's star Dorothy Collins. So that's where we

745
00:41:34,719 --> 00:41:37,799
Speaker 1: get who framed Roger Rabbit? Motherfucker's cigarettes taught us how

746
00:41:37,840 --> 00:41:45,480
Speaker 1: to do that? Philip Morris's US car, Philip Morris's cartoons

747
00:41:45,480 --> 00:41:49,239
Speaker 1: when advertising on Philip Morris used cartoons when advertising on

748
00:41:49,320 --> 00:41:52,520
Speaker 1: I Love Lucy. Laura Lard created TV cartoon ads for

749
00:41:52,560 --> 00:41:55,560
Speaker 1: Old Gold that featured the voices of their Honeymooners stars

750
00:41:55,840 --> 00:41:59,000
Speaker 1: Jackie Gleason and Art Carney. This presage to the Winston

751
00:41:59,040 --> 00:42:02,320
Speaker 1: spots that employed the animated hit characters from The flint Stones,

752
00:42:02,640 --> 00:42:05,920
Speaker 1: a totally cartoon show they sponsored, whose voices, structure, and

753
00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:09,600
Speaker 1: sense of humor all imitated The Honeymooners. And I think

754
00:42:09,680 --> 00:42:11,879
Speaker 1: a lot of people are vaguely aware that The flint

755
00:42:11,920 --> 00:42:16,360
Speaker 1: Stones used to have cigarette ads. You do that right? No? Oh,

756
00:42:16,440 --> 00:42:19,359
Speaker 1: that's why it was created. The flint Stones were made

757
00:42:19,400 --> 00:42:22,920
Speaker 1: as a cigarette ad. Uh. And to get an idea

758
00:42:22,960 --> 00:42:25,759
Speaker 1: for how blatant this advertising was, you need to see

759
00:42:25,800 --> 00:42:28,040
Speaker 1: some old episodes of The flint Stones, And I think

760
00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:30,520
Speaker 1: this one includes a representative scene you should know to

761
00:42:30,600 --> 00:42:32,959
Speaker 1: understand what's happening on the screen. Right at the start

762
00:42:33,000 --> 00:42:34,719
Speaker 1: of this, we see Fred and Barney kind of like

763
00:42:34,800 --> 00:42:37,440
Speaker 1: hanging out in the yard on their asses while their

764
00:42:37,440 --> 00:42:39,960
Speaker 1: wives are doing like yard work and house chores. So

765
00:42:40,000 --> 00:42:52,759
Speaker 1: they're like chilling out watching their wives work. Good stuff. Yeah, yeah,

766
00:42:54,960 --> 00:42:58,400
Speaker 1: let's go around back. Well we can't see him. Do

767
00:42:58,600 --> 00:43:01,640
Speaker 1: we want to do something? Friends? Okay, I was about

768
00:43:01,640 --> 00:43:04,799
Speaker 1: taking on that. I got a better idea. Let's take

769
00:43:04,840 --> 00:43:10,760
Speaker 1: a Winston break from the cigarette that delivers flavored twenty

770
00:43:10,840 --> 00:43:19,320
Speaker 1: times a pack. The plan mix the big taste difference,

771
00:43:19,360 --> 00:43:22,160
Speaker 1: and only Winston has it up front where it comes

772
00:43:22,520 --> 00:43:27,080
Speaker 1: here ahead of the pure white filter. Winston pacts rich tobaccos,

773
00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:32,520
Speaker 1: specially selected and specially that's a good flavor roil. Yeah,

774
00:43:32,640 --> 00:43:41,799
Speaker 1: they're still going like cigarette. Uh yeah, that is a

775
00:43:41,880 --> 00:43:45,279
Speaker 1: lot of cigarette advertising. Yeah. I was at first, I

776
00:43:45,320 --> 00:43:47,600
Speaker 1: was called by the records of it, but then just

777
00:43:47,640 --> 00:43:51,800
Speaker 1: a duration of it. Yeah. Wow, they really were committed

778
00:43:51,840 --> 00:43:55,840
Speaker 1: to selling kids cigarettes. Yeah yeah. Winston also not a

779
00:43:55,880 --> 00:44:00,520
Speaker 1: great name compared to the Camel Camel marborro ye. Just

780
00:44:00,560 --> 00:44:04,520
Speaker 1: a dude called Winston with little imagination. Yeah wow, that

781
00:44:04,680 --> 00:44:08,040
Speaker 1: was amazing. Yeah, it's the best. Yeah, that is like

782
00:44:08,160 --> 00:44:14,000
Speaker 1: Alex Jones here just transition content ads. Fucking Barney Rubble

783
00:44:14,080 --> 00:44:17,359
Speaker 1: wants to get your ass into a pack of Winston's. Yeah,

784
00:44:17,520 --> 00:44:20,399
Speaker 1: it's gonna be doing what is it, sucking silver or whatever.

785
00:44:20,400 --> 00:44:22,640
Speaker 1: Alex Jons just trying to tell, you know, like colloidal

786
00:44:22,719 --> 00:44:26,240
Speaker 1: silver to see paste that you can shoot up your ass.

787
00:44:26,320 --> 00:44:29,640
Speaker 1: I don't know, Yeah, nor do I care. I don't

788
00:44:29,640 --> 00:44:31,560
Speaker 1: think our listener ship over laps, so no one else

789
00:44:31,600 --> 00:44:33,799
Speaker 1: knows either. So it's fine. No, our listeners are buying

790
00:44:33,840 --> 00:44:36,160
Speaker 1: a lot of gold now because of those gold ads running.

791
00:44:36,360 --> 00:44:37,880
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, well that's good. It's been a success. We

792
00:44:37,920 --> 00:44:40,080
Speaker 1: have to get him back from the next season. Yeah,

793
00:44:40,360 --> 00:44:42,239
Speaker 1: we love we love the gold ad people. You know,

794
00:44:42,280 --> 00:44:44,120
Speaker 1: I'm just gonna I'm gonna do a free ad right now.

795
00:44:44,520 --> 00:44:49,040
Speaker 1: By gold, it's the cigarettes of currency. Well, actually that's cigarettes.

796
00:44:49,280 --> 00:44:52,279
Speaker 1: Gold's almost as valuable as cigarettes in a pinch, So

797
00:44:53,440 --> 00:44:56,759
Speaker 1: pick some up today, smoke it. Why don't you you

798
00:44:56,800 --> 00:44:59,600
Speaker 1: know what James had an idea, why don't we make

799
00:44:59,600 --> 00:45:03,759
Speaker 1: a lot of We get cigarettes, grind up gold into them,

800
00:45:03,800 --> 00:45:06,080
Speaker 1: pour gold flakes into the cigarettes, and then sell them

801
00:45:06,080 --> 00:45:09,200
Speaker 1: to rich assholes who have taken Yeah, it's definitely this

802
00:45:09,480 --> 00:45:11,879
Speaker 1: like a thing, isn't it like a vodka rols? Don't

803
00:45:11,880 --> 00:45:14,719
Speaker 1: think that hash. Yeah, there's a couple of liquors that

804
00:45:14,760 --> 00:45:20,319
Speaker 1: have it. Yeah, you may not necessarily, but I need

805
00:45:20,360 --> 00:45:26,000
Speaker 1: to sign so many gold gold unnecessary gold. So you

806
00:45:26,000 --> 00:45:32,680
Speaker 1: know how there's you know, pour out some gold liquor

807
00:45:32,880 --> 00:45:38,920
Speaker 1: and uh, yeah, I'm back rapid cigarette. There was no gold,

808
00:45:39,000 --> 00:45:42,719
Speaker 1: but I've got my glass of lead and I'm good.

809
00:45:44,120 --> 00:45:47,440
Speaker 1: So during the late forties to the early fifties, the

810
00:45:47,520 --> 00:45:50,560
Speaker 1: science coming out about cigarettes and cancer starts to look

811
00:45:50,560 --> 00:45:53,400
Speaker 1: worse and worse. The R. J. Reynolds company launches a

812
00:45:53,440 --> 00:45:57,520
Speaker 1: new campaign for camel cigarettes and nineteen six centered around

813
00:45:57,520 --> 00:46:01,200
Speaker 1: the slogan more doctor smoke camels than you have a cigarette.

814
00:46:01,760 --> 00:46:04,440
Speaker 1: Six years. This is like, this is their main advertising

815
00:46:04,520 --> 00:46:07,319
Speaker 1: push for six years and dentist and twoth busting which

816
00:46:07,360 --> 00:46:12,640
Speaker 1: cigarettes amazing? Great? Yeah, absolutely, yes, the cigarette that nine

817
00:46:12,640 --> 00:46:16,000
Speaker 1: out of ten doctors recommend. Reynolds backs up their claim

818
00:46:16,160 --> 00:46:19,759
Speaker 1: that's more stick doctors smoke camels than any other cigarette,

819
00:46:19,960 --> 00:46:22,680
Speaker 1: with surveys that they said had been conducted by quote

820
00:46:22,800 --> 00:46:27,719
Speaker 1: three leading independent research organizations. Now they don't name these organizations.

821
00:46:28,120 --> 00:46:30,920
Speaker 1: One representative ad claims that a survey of a hundred

822
00:46:30,960 --> 00:46:34,360
Speaker 1: and thirteen thousand, five hundred ninety seven doctors from quote

823
00:46:34,560 --> 00:46:37,719
Speaker 1: every branch of medicine had shown that camels were the

824
00:46:37,760 --> 00:46:41,480
Speaker 1: brand most often smoked by doctors. That's what you want?

825
00:46:41,560 --> 00:46:45,920
Speaker 1: Is that the cigarette that your dietrist chooses? Yeah, exactly, Yeah,

826
00:46:46,320 --> 00:46:49,000
Speaker 1: I want to know. Yeah, No, nobody, nobody knows what

827
00:46:49,160 --> 00:46:52,640
Speaker 1: you should be smoking better than a fucking proctologist. That

828
00:46:52,800 --> 00:46:55,799
Speaker 1: that's that. That's that's who's got it down. Yeah, as

829
00:46:55,800 --> 00:47:02,960
Speaker 1: an obstetrician, my you religious chooses Winston's. Yeah, that would

830
00:47:03,000 --> 00:47:05,400
Speaker 1: be quite funny, boy, Women seemed to really want a

831
00:47:05,440 --> 00:47:12,680
Speaker 1: cigarette after giving birth? Probably good for you? Uh so?

832
00:47:14,239 --> 00:47:18,400
Speaker 1: R J. Reynolds assured customers that this survey, which totally existed,

833
00:47:19,200 --> 00:47:22,960
Speaker 1: was an actual fact and not a casual claim, and

834
00:47:23,160 --> 00:47:26,640
Speaker 1: their competitors were all doing the same thing. American Tobacco

835
00:47:26,760 --> 00:47:30,640
Speaker 1: President President George Washington Hill contracted the legendary ad executive

836
00:47:30,640 --> 00:47:33,120
Speaker 1: Albert Lasker and tasked him to come up with a

837
00:47:33,200 --> 00:47:36,440
Speaker 1: reason why customers should smoke his cigarettes. And I want

838
00:47:36,440 --> 00:47:38,080
Speaker 1: to quote now from a write up in the American

839
00:47:38,120 --> 00:47:41,520
Speaker 1: Journal of Public Health. With no real scientific evidence to

840
00:47:41,560 --> 00:47:45,080
Speaker 1: back their claims, American Tobacco insisted that the toasting process

841
00:47:45,120 --> 00:47:49,160
Speaker 1: that Lucky Strikes Tobacco underwent decreased throat irritation. In fact,

842
00:47:49,360 --> 00:47:52,400
Speaker 1: Lucky Strikes curing process did not significantly differ from that

843
00:47:52,480 --> 00:47:57,160
Speaker 1: of other brands. Related campaigns emphasized that Lucky's would help consumers,

844
00:47:57,280 --> 00:48:00,439
Speaker 1: especially women, their new market stay trimmed since they could

845
00:48:00,560 --> 00:48:02,799
Speaker 1: reach for a Lucky instead of a suite. Along with

846
00:48:02,840 --> 00:48:06,000
Speaker 1: these persistent health claims, a typical advertisement from nineteen thirty

847
00:48:06,040 --> 00:48:09,279
Speaker 1: boldly stated that twenty thousand, six hundred and seventy nine

848
00:48:09,280 --> 00:48:15,759
Speaker 1: physicians say Lucky They're less irritating. Great now, James, do

849
00:48:15,800 --> 00:48:17,799
Speaker 1: you want to know how they've gotten the information that

850
00:48:17,960 --> 00:48:21,640
Speaker 1: Lucky's were seen as less irritating by doctors, They send

851
00:48:21,719 --> 00:48:27,719
Speaker 1: them a packet of lucky strikes and also did yeah,

852
00:48:27,760 --> 00:48:31,560
Speaker 1: they're advertising agency Lloyd Thomas and Logan sent cigarette cartons

853
00:48:31,600 --> 00:48:35,560
Speaker 1: to physicians in nineteen, nineteen seven and ninety eight and

854
00:48:35,600 --> 00:48:38,480
Speaker 1: then asked them to answer our Lucky strikes cigarettes less

855
00:48:38,480 --> 00:48:42,080
Speaker 1: irritating the tender throats than other cigarettes, and the doctors

856
00:48:42,120 --> 00:48:44,640
Speaker 1: were like, yeah, I want more free cigarettes. Sure, yeah,

857
00:48:44,719 --> 00:48:46,839
Speaker 1: why do I watch this pretty cigarette bok school. I'll

858
00:48:46,880 --> 00:48:50,359
Speaker 1: take that one, great good. That's how science is done.

859
00:48:50,760 --> 00:48:54,720
Speaker 1: That is how science is done. Now, touting the toasting

860
00:48:54,760 --> 00:48:58,800
Speaker 1: process and the accompanying cover letter, advertising executive Thomas Logan

861
00:48:58,840 --> 00:49:01,160
Speaker 1: pointed out the virtues of lucky strikes and claimed that

862
00:49:01,200 --> 00:49:03,360
Speaker 1: they had quote heard from a good many people that

863
00:49:03,360 --> 00:49:06,240
Speaker 1: they could smoke lucky strikes with perfect comfort to their throats.

864
00:49:06,640 --> 00:49:10,279
Speaker 1: American Tobacco used doctors responses to this survey in order

865
00:49:10,280 --> 00:49:13,200
Speaker 1: to like push the claim that lucky strikes are less irritating.

866
00:49:13,680 --> 00:49:17,040
Speaker 1: Um the toasting, as they explained as quote, your throat

867
00:49:17,040 --> 00:49:21,359
Speaker 1: protection against irritation against coaugh. Thank god, Thank god they

868
00:49:21,360 --> 00:49:26,400
Speaker 1: figured out toasting, otherwise these cigarettes might really hurt people. Yeah, yeah,

869
00:49:26,400 --> 00:49:28,640
Speaker 1: you got toast him. That's how he public up the cigarettes,

870
00:49:28,640 --> 00:49:32,120
Speaker 1: and your toast it. Yeah and yeah, no kinds of

871
00:49:32,160 --> 00:49:37,239
Speaker 1: for you. Some self self reported adults smoking peaked in

872
00:49:37,239 --> 00:49:39,800
Speaker 1: the early nineteen fifties at about forty five percent of

873
00:49:39,840 --> 00:49:43,319
Speaker 1: the population. Big Tobacco's ploy to buy up doctors had

874
00:49:43,360 --> 00:49:45,919
Speaker 1: worked for a while, but in late nineteen fifty three,

875
00:49:45,960 --> 00:49:49,080
Speaker 1: the first irrefutable studies linking lung cancer to tobacco use

876
00:49:49,120 --> 00:49:53,200
Speaker 1: were published. Two tremendous public interest, major peer reviewed journal

877
00:49:53,280 --> 00:49:56,640
Speaker 1: studies had tied not just cancer, but cardiac disease and

878
00:49:56,719 --> 00:50:00,640
Speaker 1: serious respiratory illness to smoking. The situation was serious enough

879
00:50:00,640 --> 00:50:03,080
Speaker 1: that the head executives of the Big five tobacco companies

880
00:50:03,120 --> 00:50:05,799
Speaker 1: all came together in December of nineteen fifty three to

881
00:50:05,840 --> 00:50:08,480
Speaker 1: figure out how to respond to this news. They picked

882
00:50:08,480 --> 00:50:10,640
Speaker 1: the Plaza Hotel in New York City as the place

883
00:50:10,680 --> 00:50:13,160
Speaker 1: to map out their strategy, and it is possible that

884
00:50:13,239 --> 00:50:16,160
Speaker 1: no other location in the United States, including the Pentagon,

885
00:50:16,480 --> 00:50:18,440
Speaker 1: has been used to make plans that ended with a

886
00:50:18,480 --> 00:50:22,520
Speaker 1: greater death toll. The master of the moment was John W. Hill,

887
00:50:22,840 --> 00:50:25,680
Speaker 1: president of the biggest PR firm in the country. Hill

888
00:50:25,760 --> 00:50:28,680
Speaker 1: and Nolton Now. John had been born in Indiana in

889
00:50:28,760 --> 00:50:31,680
Speaker 1: eighteen ninety. He'd spent most of his early career working

890
00:50:31,719 --> 00:50:34,400
Speaker 1: as a journalist. He's a journalist for eighteen years, working

891
00:50:34,440 --> 00:50:36,239
Speaker 1: his way up the ladder to become an editor and

892
00:50:36,280 --> 00:50:39,719
Speaker 1: a popular columnist. In nineteen twenty seven, he blazed a

893
00:50:39,719 --> 00:50:42,759
Speaker 1: trail that generations of soulless hacks would follow, and he

894
00:50:42,840 --> 00:50:45,920
Speaker 1: decided to start a PR firm. By the time nineteen

895
00:50:45,960 --> 00:50:48,399
Speaker 1: fifty three rolled around, it was the largest PR firm

896
00:50:48,440 --> 00:50:51,279
Speaker 1: on the planet. Hill was worth the money, and in

897
00:50:51,320 --> 00:50:53,600
Speaker 1: that hotel conference room he laid out the bones of

898
00:50:53,640 --> 00:50:57,120
Speaker 1: what would be known as Plan White Coat. The basic

899
00:50:57,200 --> 00:51:00,400
Speaker 1: idea was to create an industry sponsored research into a

900
00:51:00,480 --> 00:51:04,640
Speaker 1: think take of scientists, funded by tobacco money but ostensibly independent.

901
00:51:05,040 --> 00:51:07,280
Speaker 1: This would allow big Tobacco to claim they were taking

902
00:51:07,320 --> 00:51:10,360
Speaker 1: fears of lung cancer seriously, while also providing them with

903
00:51:10,440 --> 00:51:13,640
Speaker 1: disinformation to muddy the waters by painting the existing studies

904
00:51:13,719 --> 00:51:16,759
Speaker 1: is insufficient. I'm going to quote, yeah, it's awesome. It's

905
00:51:16,800 --> 00:51:19,560
Speaker 1: it's so good, no one's ever done. It's it's it's

906
00:51:19,800 --> 00:51:22,040
Speaker 1: no one, this is not this is not the thing

907
00:51:22,080 --> 00:51:24,160
Speaker 1: that's going to end all life on this planet. No,

908
00:51:24,440 --> 00:51:28,200
Speaker 1: Hell did not just build the apocalypse bomb. Yes, yeah,

909
00:51:28,360 --> 00:51:31,200
Speaker 1: Jesus Christ. Yeah. Well, they've given us everything from Pokemon

910
00:51:31,239 --> 00:51:38,440
Speaker 1: cards to time It change. It's incredible. Cigarettes are amazing. Yes, wow, Yeah,

911
00:51:39,080 --> 00:51:42,480
Speaker 1: something one of the single most important inventions in the

912
00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:46,759
Speaker 1: history of the planet. Yeah. God, and people die of starvation,

913
00:51:46,840 --> 00:51:49,799
Speaker 1: you know. And here we are. We've made a cancer stick,

914
00:51:49,880 --> 00:51:52,560
Speaker 1: and we've we've created new and exciting ways to lie

915
00:51:52,560 --> 00:51:58,479
Speaker 1: about it. It's amazing. It's so cool. Kind of him. Who, God,

916
00:51:58,560 --> 00:52:00,759
Speaker 1: what a great product. I'm a quote now from a

917
00:52:00,800 --> 00:52:03,520
Speaker 1: two thousand twelve article in the American Journal of Public Health.

918
00:52:04,120 --> 00:52:07,040
Speaker 1: The industry had supported some individual research in recent years,

919
00:52:07,040 --> 00:52:09,760
Speaker 1: but Hill's proposal offered the potential of a research program

920
00:52:09,840 --> 00:52:12,759
Speaker 1: that would be controlled by the industry yet promoted as independent.

921
00:52:13,120 --> 00:52:16,239
Speaker 1: This was a public relations master stroke. Hill understood that

922
00:52:16,239 --> 00:52:19,799
Speaker 1: simply giving Yeah. Hill understood that simply giving money to

923
00:52:19,840 --> 00:52:22,680
Speaker 1: scientists through the National Institutes of Health or some other entity,

924
00:52:22,719 --> 00:52:27,320
Speaker 1: for example, offered little opportunity to shape the public relations environment. However,

925
00:52:27,600 --> 00:52:31,040
Speaker 1: offering funds directly to university based scientists would enlist their

926
00:52:31,040 --> 00:52:34,239
Speaker 1: support independence. Moreover, it would have the added benefit of

927
00:52:34,280 --> 00:52:37,640
Speaker 1: making academic institutions and partners with the tobacco industry in

928
00:52:37,680 --> 00:52:41,239
Speaker 1: its moment of crisis. Hill and his clients had no

929
00:52:41,440 --> 00:52:44,520
Speaker 1: interest yeah in a Hill and his clients had no

930
00:52:44,600 --> 00:52:47,600
Speaker 1: interest in answering a scientific question. Their goal was to

931
00:52:47,640 --> 00:52:51,200
Speaker 1: maintain vigorous control over the research program to use science

932
00:52:51,200 --> 00:52:54,360
Speaker 1: in the service of public relations. Although the tobacco executives

933
00:52:54,360 --> 00:52:57,680
Speaker 1: had proposed forming a Cigarette Information Committee dedicated to defending

934
00:52:57,719 --> 00:53:01,720
Speaker 1: smoking against the medical findings, He'll argued aggressively for adding

935
00:53:01,760 --> 00:53:04,600
Speaker 1: research to the committee's title and agenda. It is believed

936
00:53:04,640 --> 00:53:06,880
Speaker 1: he wrote that the word research is needed in the

937
00:53:06,960 --> 00:53:10,000
Speaker 1: name to give weight and added credence to the committee's statements.

938
00:53:10,520 --> 00:53:12,880
Speaker 1: Hill understood that his clients should be viewed as embracing

939
00:53:13,000 --> 00:53:18,080
Speaker 1: science rather than dismissing it. Now again, Hill's a journalist, right,

940
00:53:18,160 --> 00:53:19,600
Speaker 1: That's part of how he's able to do this. He

941
00:53:19,680 --> 00:53:24,640
Speaker 1: understands how to communicat he understands how people read things. Um.

942
00:53:24,760 --> 00:53:27,080
Speaker 1: One of the first things he emphasized to the industry

943
00:53:27,160 --> 00:53:29,759
Speaker 1: leaders was that they had to stop competing with each

944
00:53:29,760 --> 00:53:32,680
Speaker 1: other trying to move cartons by convincing customers that their

945
00:53:32,719 --> 00:53:35,640
Speaker 1: smokes were more soothing or healthier than the others. This

946
00:53:35,760 --> 00:53:38,640
Speaker 1: was bad, right, Arguing like Lucky strikes are healthier than

947
00:53:38,640 --> 00:53:41,319
Speaker 1: Marlborough's is bad for the whole industry, so we have

948
00:53:41,440 --> 00:53:44,359
Speaker 1: to stop it. The key to surviving, this Hill told them,

949
00:53:44,520 --> 00:53:47,640
Speaker 1: was collective action, and one that looked like a commitment

950
00:53:47,680 --> 00:53:50,919
Speaker 1: to public welfare while actually doing everything possible to harm

951
00:53:51,000 --> 00:53:54,560
Speaker 1: public welfare. The Tobacco Industry Research Committee was formed in

952
00:53:54,640 --> 00:53:57,520
Speaker 1: nineteen fifty four and announced its existence with full page

953
00:53:57,560 --> 00:54:01,080
Speaker 1: ads and more than four hundred newspapers. This ad, known

954
00:54:01,120 --> 00:54:04,680
Speaker 1: as the Frank Statement, claimed that tobacco companies were deeply

955
00:54:04,719 --> 00:54:07,800
Speaker 1: concerned about the welfare of their customers and would pursue

956
00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:09,560
Speaker 1: any in to get to the bottom of this whole

957
00:54:09,719 --> 00:54:13,759
Speaker 1: tobacco equals cancer thing. Quote. We accept an interest in

958
00:54:13,800 --> 00:54:17,279
Speaker 1: people's health as a basic responsibility paramount to every other

959
00:54:17,320 --> 00:54:20,200
Speaker 1: consideration in our business. We believe the products we make

960
00:54:20,200 --> 00:54:22,960
Speaker 1: are not injurious to health. We always have and always

961
00:54:22,960 --> 00:54:25,600
Speaker 1: will cooperate closely with those whose task it is to

962
00:54:25,680 --> 00:54:31,640
Speaker 1: safeguard the public health. That's good, great, yeah, sure, very honest,

963
00:54:31,760 --> 00:54:35,400
Speaker 1: very straightforward. So despite these high minded claims. The t

964
00:54:35,520 --> 00:54:37,760
Speaker 1: i r c's agenda was laid out by Hill before

965
00:54:37,760 --> 00:54:43,040
Speaker 1: he consulted a single scientist. The executive director of the organization, W. T. Hoyt,

966
00:54:43,200 --> 00:54:46,600
Speaker 1: had no scientific background. His previous job had been selling

967
00:54:46,640 --> 00:54:50,080
Speaker 1: ads for the Saturday Evening Post. Within his first few

968
00:54:50,200 --> 00:54:52,799
Speaker 1: months of operation, Hot and other executives of the t

969
00:54:52,920 --> 00:54:55,560
Speaker 1: i r C put out a statement directly responding to

970
00:54:55,560 --> 00:54:58,520
Speaker 1: studies that purported to show a link between cigarettes and disease.

971
00:54:59,239 --> 00:55:02,000
Speaker 1: It is an obligation of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee

972
00:55:02,000 --> 00:55:04,919
Speaker 1: at this time to remind the public of these essential points. One,

973
00:55:05,200 --> 00:55:07,680
Speaker 1: there is no conclusive scientific proof of a link between

974
00:55:07,719 --> 00:55:11,240
Speaker 1: smoking and cancer. To medical research points to many possible

975
00:55:11,280 --> 00:55:14,120
Speaker 1: causes of cancer. And three, the millions of people who

976
00:55:14,200 --> 00:55:17,279
Speaker 1: derive pleasure and satisfaction from smoking can be reassured that

977
00:55:17,320 --> 00:55:19,560
Speaker 1: every scientific means will be used to get all the

978
00:55:19,560 --> 00:55:25,000
Speaker 1: facts as soon as possible. Great, Yeah, it's gonna go well, James,

979
00:55:25,040 --> 00:55:28,160
Speaker 1: it's gonna go really well. Yeah, I can see this anying. Well. So.

980
00:55:28,280 --> 00:55:30,800
Speaker 1: The first scientific director appointed to the t i r

981
00:55:30,840 --> 00:55:34,600
Speaker 1: C was Clarence cook Little, an extremely prominent biologist and

982
00:55:34,640 --> 00:55:38,000
Speaker 1: geneticists who had become extremely prominent because he was a

983
00:55:38,040 --> 00:55:48,480
Speaker 1: popular eugenicist. Yeah. Yeah, it's really funny because cook like

984
00:55:48,520 --> 00:55:52,160
Speaker 1: a little The reason he believes that cigarettes because he's

985
00:55:51,719 --> 00:55:54,360
Speaker 1: a He truly believes that the people who connected to

986
00:55:54,520 --> 00:55:58,040
Speaker 1: cancer is wrong because he believes that lung cancer is genetic,

987
00:55:58,280 --> 00:56:00,600
Speaker 1: so it can't be caused by an environment factor, like

988
00:56:00,680 --> 00:56:05,000
Speaker 1: in healing cigarettes a year. It's gotta be. It's gotta

989
00:56:05,040 --> 00:56:07,440
Speaker 1: be something to do with the fact that certain races

990
00:56:07,440 --> 00:56:11,400
Speaker 1: are more likely to get cancer. Oh god, it is

991
00:56:12,000 --> 00:56:14,760
Speaker 1: one thing I'll have to you gotta say for a racist,

992
00:56:15,040 --> 00:56:18,640
Speaker 1: this guy probably killed more white people than any other racist. Yeah,

993
00:56:20,600 --> 00:56:26,279
Speaker 1: he does drop a lot of white folks accidentally, based well,

994
00:56:26,280 --> 00:56:33,360
Speaker 1: he drops everyone else too. Yeah, unlike him, cigarettes don't discriminate, yea.

995
00:56:33,840 --> 00:56:36,239
Speaker 1: Oh god, they would never become a magnet for the

996
00:56:36,280 --> 00:56:40,200
Speaker 1: shittiest things in humanity. It is incredible, how many terrible Yeah,

997
00:56:40,280 --> 00:56:42,759
Speaker 1: it's it's amazing. What's gonna happen next? They're gonna like

998
00:56:42,960 --> 00:56:47,600
Speaker 1: stand with the turfs or something. Cigarettes. We just don't

999
00:56:47,760 --> 00:56:52,239
Speaker 1: like queer people. I tell you. It's probably in the

1000
00:56:52,280 --> 00:56:56,520
Speaker 1: Harry Potter book somewhere. Yeah. In nineteen fifty four, the

1001
00:56:56,560 --> 00:56:59,040
Speaker 1: T I R. C S budget was around a million dollars,

1002
00:56:59,160 --> 00:57:01,520
Speaker 1: nearly all of which to Hill and Nolton in various

1003
00:57:01,560 --> 00:57:04,879
Speaker 1: ads rather than actual science. B By nineteen sixty three,

1004
00:57:04,920 --> 00:57:06,840
Speaker 1: the t I r C was giving out close to

1005
00:57:06,840 --> 00:57:11,400
Speaker 1: a million dollars in grants. These funded research, actual scientific research,

1006
00:57:11,640 --> 00:57:15,120
Speaker 1: but they picked the kind of research carefully. So we're

1007
00:57:15,120 --> 00:57:17,320
Speaker 1: not going to do research into what causes lung cancer,

1008
00:57:17,600 --> 00:57:20,480
Speaker 1: but we'll do research into how cancer develops over time

1009
00:57:20,760 --> 00:57:22,680
Speaker 1: and how it grows in the body, and ways to

1010
00:57:22,760 --> 00:57:26,200
Speaker 1: fight it and stuff, um, and this is important stuff.

1011
00:57:26,240 --> 00:57:28,280
Speaker 1: So they can keep coming out with these studies funded

1012
00:57:28,280 --> 00:57:31,160
Speaker 1: by TRC money that are real studies, but none of

1013
00:57:31,240 --> 00:57:34,200
Speaker 1: them happened to look into whether or not smoking causes cancer. Right,

1014
00:57:34,560 --> 00:57:37,600
Speaker 1: we can look at how genetics are virology impacts cancer rates,

1015
00:57:37,640 --> 00:57:40,480
Speaker 1: and those are important things to study. But by picking

1016
00:57:40,520 --> 00:57:46,800
Speaker 1: what gets funded specifically, they are very very purposefully putting

1017
00:57:46,880 --> 00:57:52,440
Speaker 1: better air bags and then no brakes model. Yeah. So

1018
00:57:52,680 --> 00:57:56,120
Speaker 1: this strategy worked for decades, distracting the public and lawmakers

1019
00:57:56,120 --> 00:57:58,480
Speaker 1: from any actions that might negatively impact the rate at

1020
00:57:58,480 --> 00:58:01,360
Speaker 1: which people smoked. Key to the success of this program

1021
00:58:01,360 --> 00:58:04,400
Speaker 1: was hills understanding of how journalism worked. From that Journal

1022
00:58:04,400 --> 00:58:07,360
Speaker 1: of Public Health article. Hill understood that the success of

1023
00:58:07,400 --> 00:58:10,640
Speaker 1: any public relations CAN strategy was highly dependent on face

1024
00:58:10,640 --> 00:58:14,240
Speaker 1: to face interpersonal relations with important media outlets. Each time

1025
00:58:14,320 --> 00:58:16,200
Speaker 1: the t i r C issued a press release, the

1026
00:58:16,280 --> 00:58:19,720
Speaker 1: Hill and Nolton organization would initiate a personal contact. The

1027
00:58:19,760 --> 00:58:23,360
Speaker 1: firm systematically documented the courtship of newspapers and magazines where

1028
00:58:23,360 --> 00:58:26,360
Speaker 1: it could urge balance and fairness in the industry. In

1029
00:58:26,440 --> 00:58:29,320
Speaker 1: these entreaties on behalf of the industry, the firm staffers

1030
00:58:29,360 --> 00:58:31,920
Speaker 1: repeated several key themes. First, they would note that the

1031
00:58:31,960 --> 00:58:36,080
Speaker 1: industry completely understood its important public responsibilities. Second, they would

1032
00:58:36,080 --> 00:58:38,880
Speaker 1: affirm that the industry was deeply committed to investigating all

1033
00:58:38,920 --> 00:58:42,640
Speaker 1: of the scientific questions relevant to resolving the controversy. Third,

1034
00:58:42,800 --> 00:58:47,360
Speaker 1: they urged skepticism regarding statistical studies. Finally, they offered members

1035
00:58:47,360 --> 00:58:49,920
Speaker 1: of the media a long list of independent skeptics to

1036
00:58:49,960 --> 00:58:55,320
Speaker 1: consult to ensure balance in their presentations. Responsible for the

1037
00:58:55,440 --> 00:59:00,160
Speaker 1: dozens of direct marketing emails, I guess three single days, Yeah,

1038
00:59:00,520 --> 00:59:04,240
Speaker 1: yea great, right now, I'm personally agree for this. Motphone

1039
00:59:04,560 --> 00:59:09,560
Speaker 1: cigarettes created everything. The primary independent skeptic, of course, was

1040
00:59:09,600 --> 00:59:11,960
Speaker 1: the t I r C. S Little that's the eugenics guy.

1041
00:59:12,320 --> 00:59:14,640
Speaker 1: Given the penchant of the press for controversy and it's

1042
00:59:14,680 --> 00:59:18,240
Speaker 1: often naive notion of balance, these appeals were remarkably successful.

1043
00:59:18,480 --> 00:59:21,760
Speaker 1: Hilla Nolton expertly broadcast their arguments, typically not based on

1044
00:59:21,800 --> 00:59:25,000
Speaker 1: substantial research of any kind, of a small group of skeptics,

1045
00:59:25,000 --> 00:59:27,640
Speaker 1: as if their positions represented a dominant perspective on the

1046
00:59:27,640 --> 00:59:30,560
Speaker 1: medical science of the cigarette. In this sense, the public

1047
00:59:30,600 --> 00:59:34,960
Speaker 1: relations campaign advantaged two critical pieces of mid century media practice. First,

1048
00:59:35,160 --> 00:59:39,800
Speaker 1: journalists favored reporting on controversy. Second, by providing opposing positions

1049
00:59:39,800 --> 00:59:44,960
Speaker 1: as if they were equal, they affirmed their commitment to balance. Yeah, yeah,

1050
00:59:45,000 --> 00:59:50,920
Speaker 1: that's right, baby, that's right baby. Why pace off? Uh

1051
00:59:51,000 --> 00:59:54,840
Speaker 1: huh yeah, No, they've invented both sides. They did invent

1052
00:59:54,880 --> 00:59:57,400
Speaker 1: both sides of it. So they gave us Donald Trump.

1053
00:59:57,440 --> 01:00:00,400
Speaker 1: It's what they gave us, Donald Trump. They gave us

1054
01:00:00,400 --> 01:00:03,520
Speaker 1: climate change denial. Uh. They gave us a lot of

1055
01:00:03,520 --> 01:00:07,800
Speaker 1: the gun industries, tactics, Barry Wise, all of that ship

1056
01:00:07,840 --> 01:00:11,080
Speaker 1: comes from big tobacco, they gave us. They gave us

1057
01:00:11,080 --> 01:00:14,000
Speaker 1: the fucking Iraq war. All of these, all of these

1058
01:00:14,040 --> 01:00:16,800
Speaker 1: strategies are the things that like we're pie like they

1059
01:00:16,840 --> 01:00:20,200
Speaker 1: pioneered all of those strategies and that's where we're going

1060
01:00:20,240 --> 01:00:24,000
Speaker 1: to end for the day. James, Um, yeah, there's yeah,

1061
01:00:24,320 --> 01:00:28,040
Speaker 1: let's stop. So I've become enraged. We will we will

1062
01:00:28,080 --> 01:00:32,720
Speaker 1: talk in more detail about the tobacco industry later. Um,

1063
01:00:32,800 --> 01:00:37,479
Speaker 1: but yeah, this is this is how they like, there's

1064
01:00:37,480 --> 01:00:40,840
Speaker 1: a bigger story and kind of how they kept this

1065
01:00:41,000 --> 01:00:44,080
Speaker 1: up as it became increasingly obvious that cigarettes caused cancer,

1066
01:00:44,200 --> 01:00:46,880
Speaker 1: and like how they advertised to children and like the

1067
01:00:47,000 --> 01:00:50,320
Speaker 1: nineties and stuff and Joe Campbell. There's a story, and

1068
01:00:50,400 --> 01:00:52,360
Speaker 1: like how they tried to destroy the lives of people

1069
01:00:52,400 --> 01:00:57,240
Speaker 1: who blew the whistle on them, like former tobacco employees. Um,

1070
01:00:57,640 --> 01:00:59,560
Speaker 1: we'll talk about all of those one day, but this

1071
01:00:59,600 --> 01:01:02,240
Speaker 1: is this is the story of how tobacco invented everything

1072
01:01:02,280 --> 01:01:05,160
Speaker 1: in the modern world. Yeah. Great, I feel really good

1073
01:01:05,160 --> 01:01:07,240
Speaker 1: about all the things that we've got from it. It's

1074
01:01:07,280 --> 01:01:12,080
Speaker 1: cool that you can tie like Funko pops, climate change, denial,

1075
01:01:12,160 --> 01:01:14,320
Speaker 1: and the Iraq War all to try and to get

1076
01:01:14,320 --> 01:01:18,400
Speaker 1: people to smoke. Yes, yeah, it's really it's really great.

1077
01:01:18,480 --> 01:01:21,800
Speaker 1: And capitism and that's nothing but good. Yeah, pokemon and

1078
01:01:21,920 --> 01:01:28,160
Speaker 1: medical patents all all have cigarettes to think. Yeah, god, yeah,

1079
01:01:28,240 --> 01:01:31,880
Speaker 1: it's just unfathomable. It's terrible, it's freaking awful. Yeah, it's

1080
01:01:32,200 --> 01:01:35,000
Speaker 1: it's the nature of the system we live in. Maybe

1081
01:01:35,080 --> 01:01:36,880
Speaker 1: change it. It's the nature of the system we live

1082
01:01:36,920 --> 01:01:41,800
Speaker 1: in part because of cigarettes. Yeah, very good. Maybe maybe

1083
01:01:41,800 --> 01:01:45,040
Speaker 1: consider a different system. Yeah, maybe consider a system in

1084
01:01:45,080 --> 01:01:47,400
Speaker 1: which it's not possible to do. The good thing is

1085
01:01:47,520 --> 01:01:50,120
Speaker 1: Robert that none of these issues are tied to vaping,

1086
01:01:50,160 --> 01:01:53,640
Speaker 1: which is fine and totally totally normal and good, and

1087
01:01:53,760 --> 01:01:57,160
Speaker 1: therefore you should just get a fruit loop vight. Yeah,

1088
01:01:57,200 --> 01:02:00,680
Speaker 1: get get a flavored vape um, you know, buy some

1089
01:02:00,800 --> 01:02:04,000
Speaker 1: of that. Uh, I don't know what else? What other

1090
01:02:04,040 --> 01:02:06,600
Speaker 1: what drugs do kids like to do today? Get some

1091
01:02:06,640 --> 01:02:09,000
Speaker 1: of Get some of that, Get some of that flavored finnel,

1092
01:02:09,080 --> 01:02:12,000
Speaker 1: tide pods mixture fitnel and your tide pods together, kids

1093
01:02:12,040 --> 01:02:15,120
Speaker 1: have a good one that's doing that on taking the

1094
01:02:15,160 --> 01:02:18,000
Speaker 1: talk right now from what I understand, Yeah, TikTok and

1095
01:02:18,040 --> 01:02:21,720
Speaker 1: everything that. Any further, is there anything like to plug

1096
01:02:23,760 --> 01:02:28,600
Speaker 1: apart from tide pods? Yeah, again, we talked about a podcast.

1097
01:02:29,040 --> 01:02:31,520
Speaker 1: I've written a book. It's called The Popular Front and

1098
01:02:31,560 --> 01:02:34,400
Speaker 1: the ninety six plus Owner Olympics. You can probably find

1099
01:02:34,440 --> 01:02:36,640
Speaker 1: it at the library. Then you won't be helping to

1100
01:02:36,640 --> 01:02:39,120
Speaker 1: create the system which gave us, you know, Pokemon cards

1101
01:02:39,120 --> 01:02:43,440
Speaker 1: and everyone having cancer. Uh and yeah, you can find

1102
01:02:43,480 --> 01:02:46,120
Speaker 1: me on Twitter. It's just my name James, like Bob Stet,

1103
01:02:46,120 --> 01:02:50,720
Speaker 1: like the Beers. Anarchism is the other thing I always

1104
01:02:50,720 --> 01:02:53,360
Speaker 1: like to plug on podcasts. So maybe yeah, read poking

1105
01:02:53,640 --> 01:02:55,880
Speaker 1: and we're doing going nickot happen here at livestream virtual

1106
01:02:55,920 --> 01:03:02,200
Speaker 1: show on October. Yeah, motherfucker's yep. So pick up a

1107
01:03:02,240 --> 01:03:04,240
Speaker 1: pack of Lucky strikes. I want to see all of

1108
01:03:04,280 --> 01:03:07,000
Speaker 1: you beautiful people smoking when we do our live show.

1109
01:03:07,400 --> 01:03:10,880
Speaker 1: Just just really burn them down. Nothing raises the value

1110
01:03:10,880 --> 01:03:19,080
Speaker 1: of a house faster than smoking cigarettes and bring go

1111
01:03:19,160 --> 01:03:21,760
Speaker 1: back to your return to tradition by sticking to cigarettes,

1112
01:03:21,920 --> 01:03:24,600
Speaker 1: you know, smoking them that way. Yeah, smoke your cigarettes

1113
01:03:24,680 --> 01:03:32,640
Speaker 1: the traditional way anyway. Yeah. Buying Behind the Bastards is

1114
01:03:32,680 --> 01:03:35,439
Speaker 1: a production of cool Zone Media. For more from cool

1115
01:03:35,520 --> 01:03:38,680
Speaker 1: Zone Media, visit our website cool zone Media dot com,

1116
01:03:39,040 --> 01:03:41,400
Speaker 1: or check us out on the I Heart Radio app,

1117
01:03:41,440 --> 01:03:43,920
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.