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Speaker 1: It's a clear winter day in December, and I'm on

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Speaker 1: the south side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Straight ahead, I see Mithierra,

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Speaker 1: Spanish American grocery store. I'm walking down Thirteenth Street, which

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Speaker 1: is also known as Grisol Corridor. Grisol means melting pot

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Speaker 1: in Spanish. I'm with reporter Angelina Moscher Salasad, who's showing

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Speaker 1: me around here.

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Speaker 2: This is Rican mix.

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Speaker 3: H Rican MiGs get out.

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Speaker 1: It's the Mexicans and the Puerto Ricans. You may not

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Speaker 1: think of Wisconsin as a very Latino state, but Wisconsin's

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Speaker 1: Latino population nearly doubled in size from two thousand to

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Speaker 1: twenty fifteen. And this neighborhood of Milwaukee is sixty six

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Speaker 1: percent Latina and Latino.

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Speaker 2: And it's like wedge between here. We have takerier randas, we.

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Speaker 1: Walk by an interesting looking Latin art gallery. Then we

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Speaker 1: pass by an old school Western wear shop, and of

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Speaker 1: course there are several Mexican supermarkets. But then there is

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Speaker 1: the party store. It is Dusemania.

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Speaker 3: Here is what it is.

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Speaker 1: And they've got bignatas. They've got like that's a SpongeBob

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Speaker 1: hanging out Spongeboba, and they've got a what are those guys. Oh,

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Speaker 1: the Ninja turtle, The Ninja Turtle. Then we get to

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Speaker 1: the corner of thirteenth in Cleveland, which is just a

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Speaker 1: ten minute drive from downtown Milwaukee.

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Speaker 2: And then we have La Takiria Lacerta right here.

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Speaker 1: So this is a pretty nondescript corner. I have to say,

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Speaker 1: there's not much happening. There's a big parking lot and

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Speaker 1: an all these food mart. But while this might be

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Speaker 1: a pretty typical corner, it's right here in the heart

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Speaker 1: of this Latino community. That's something terrible happened.

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Speaker 2: And from the surveillance video from the restaurant, the attack

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Speaker 2: took place right there on that corner.

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Speaker 1: From Futuro Media, It's Latino USA. I'm Maria ino Josa.

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Speaker 1: Over the last few years, as immigration has become a

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Speaker 1: heated topic of discussion, we've heard more and more stories

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Speaker 1: about racist comments and instances of violence against Latinos and Latinas,

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Speaker 1: and that's reflected in FBI data on hate crimes. In

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Speaker 1: twenty eighteen, the FBI reported that personal attacks motivated by

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Speaker 1: bias or prejudice across the United States reached a sixteen

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Speaker 1: year high, and specifically, they reported that hate crimes against

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Speaker 1: Latinos and Latinas when up twenty one percent. But while

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Speaker 1: some instances, like the mass shooting in al Paso, Texas,

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Speaker 1: make headlines, many other incidents are never even reported. To

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Speaker 1: better understand why that is and what these trends mean

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Speaker 1: for Latinos and Latinas, I go along with local reporter

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Speaker 1: Angelina Mojer Sarasad to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We dive into one

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Speaker 1: violent attack there and look at how this story did

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Speaker 1: briefly make headlines.

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Speaker 2: I not and I rang the bell oh Oha.

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Speaker 1: We meet Maud vi Alas at his home in the

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Speaker 1: heart of the South Side. Maud is in his early

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Speaker 1: forties and he has a wide, inviting smile, and for

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Speaker 1: a Peruvian who has Chinese heritage, he also has a

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Speaker 1: little bit of an annus usual name. He tells us

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Speaker 1: that his dad got the name from a book. Your

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Speaker 1: dad is not Arab, He's not.

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Speaker 3: Muslim, his mos He likes the name.

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Speaker 1: What was he reading? Do you know what he was?

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Speaker 4: That was about a prince, a warrior prince and Prince Eberro.

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Speaker 5: In his house, Mawu has a picture of his father

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Speaker 5: looking regal and serious in a Peruvian military uniforms. He

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Speaker 5: says he was twelve when his father passed away and

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Speaker 5: he still misses him. When he was a teenager, his

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Speaker 5: mother sent him to the United States mamm.

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Speaker 3: And miro Ma Mali, Peru.

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Speaker 5: He says, his mother told him you have to go

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Speaker 5: because here you'll be nothing. She told him things are

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Speaker 5: bad in Peru and you should go to the US

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Speaker 5: so you can move forward. Mawood was eighteen, didn't speak

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Speaker 5: English and had no idea where Wisconsin was. He had

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Speaker 5: never heard of Milwaukee, but he did have a cousin

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Speaker 5: who lived in the city.

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Speaker 1: What was that like, like your mother saying, go, oh,

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Speaker 1: you were like freedom in the United States? What did

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Speaker 1: the United States kind of symbolize or represent for you?

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Speaker 4: Like symbolize American dream symbolized if you work hard, you

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Speaker 4: can't get anything.

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Speaker 3: That's what I love about this country.

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Speaker 1: He started out working for General Electric, and in almost

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Speaker 1: two decades that he's been in this country, Mode has

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Speaker 1: done pretty much every single job possible mechanico. So he's

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Speaker 1: worked as a mechanic, a welder, and a construction worker,

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Speaker 1: and he's done a lot of.

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Speaker 4: Other things in stalls. Piso's tribal roofing oh my god.

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Speaker 5: Mood eventually became a citizen and married a woman from

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Speaker 5: Peru and now has two young sons, and he talks

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Speaker 5: about them a lot.

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Speaker 3: I think.

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Speaker 4: Leader Instillo how much.

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Speaker 5: He says he wants to start his own company and

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Speaker 5: teach his sons how to use a hammer and a

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Speaker 5: machine welder, teach them to fix every kind of thing

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Speaker 5: just like he can.

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Speaker 1: On November one of twenty nineteen, Maud had just finished

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Speaker 1: working a long day welding. It was a Friday evening,

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Speaker 1: around six pm, and he drove to his favorite taco spot,

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Speaker 1: which is Latakia La Sirita, and he wanted to pick

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Speaker 1: up some dinner. He pulls up in front of the restaurant,

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Speaker 1: parks his car and gets out. A man a little

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Speaker 1: bit older standing by the bus stop approaches him and

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Speaker 1: tells Mawood that he needs to move his car, saying

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Speaker 1: that he's parked illegally.

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Speaker 5: Mood says he's not, but he goes and moves his

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Speaker 5: struck anyway, and when he comes back, the man is

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Speaker 5: still there, but this time the man's comments become racist.

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Speaker 4: He told me you're illegal, You're a nor my status,

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Speaker 4: what are you talking about?

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Speaker 3: You came illegally.

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Speaker 5: The man keeps arguing with him. Mawood says he told

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Speaker 5: him to go back to his country and that he

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Speaker 5: came here to invade. He continues to accuse mode of

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Speaker 5: being illegal.

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Speaker 3: Is IMMIGRANTE at some point you were immigrant.

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Speaker 1: Too, But Mawood doesn't back down.

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Speaker 3: I was arguing some points.

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Speaker 4: Everybody hears immigrant, so it's no points talking that way.

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Speaker 3: Why are you talking that way? You know?

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Speaker 1: And the very last thing he remembers saying to the

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Speaker 1: man is that if Mawood was illegal, then pretty much

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Speaker 1: everyone in the United States is illegal. You get close

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Speaker 1: to him, I think you have your finger out.

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Speaker 4: Right my pharm.

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Speaker 3: Mama, Indians and pure here the longest.

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Speaker 1: Nobody, he said, had more claim to the United States

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Speaker 1: than Native Americans. And then that's when it happened.

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Speaker 5: The man took a small bottle out of his jacket

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Speaker 5: pocket and threw it in Maud's face. His face immediately

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Speaker 5: started to burn.

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Speaker 4: Ten seconds after he do that, Corindo orando.

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Speaker 5: He rushed into the restaurant, running towards the waitresses, screaming

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Speaker 5: and crying. He went straight for the bathroom and started

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Speaker 5: pouring water on his face. Mood says he felt the

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Speaker 5: most amount of pain in his eye.

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Speaker 1: And then he looked down at his hands.

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Speaker 3: And I see my hands red.

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Speaker 1: And he thought he saw blood in the bathroom. Maud's

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Speaker 1: mind was racing.

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Speaker 3: What is this?

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Speaker 4: Ekoma say?

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Speaker 3: Is acid?

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Speaker 1: The red color on his hands? It was because the

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Speaker 1: acid had burned through his purple jacket and the dye

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Speaker 1: was running.

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Speaker 3: How did you know that because I tasted it?

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Speaker 1: I mean, I wouldn't know what acid tastes.

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Speaker 3: Like in the smell tool.

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Speaker 1: Oh, it's because it's battery acid.

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Speaker 4: Right, I'm a mechanic tool and I know how the

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Speaker 4: barrey acid it is and the smell like bleach.

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Speaker 1: What he remembers next is the ambulance that attack. Mood

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Speaker 1: says that it was there that he had a panic

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Speaker 1: attack because they tied him down in the stretcher. But

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Speaker 1: he said he didn't want to be tied down.

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Speaker 4: That's the more scare of my life. I thought, I'm

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Speaker 4: gonna never saw my bows anymore.

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Speaker 5: Mood was rushed to the hospital. He had second degree

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Speaker 5: burns to his face and his vision was cloudy in

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Speaker 5: his left eye.

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Speaker 1: But he could still see.

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Speaker 5: When he was stable, he called his son.

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Speaker 4: I'm okay, I'm at a hospital right now, so everything

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Speaker 4: is fine, all right.

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Speaker 3: I love you very much.

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Speaker 5: Pricilla Biellas Moude's sister, took this video and it would

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Speaker 5: be the start of a very well documented incident which

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Speaker 5: would make all the difference.

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Speaker 6: Good afternoon, everyone, Thank you for coming out and joining

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Speaker 6: us this afternoon.

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Speaker 1: Just twenty four hours after Mood was attacked and discharged

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Speaker 1: from the hospital, he holds a news conference. He gets

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Speaker 1: up in front of television cameras with his wounds still fresh,

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Speaker 1: and he tells his story.

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Speaker 3: Everyone, jus was driving my truck to the restaurant.

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Speaker 1: Now it speaks in front of a podium and he

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Speaker 1: has a lawyer with him and local elected officials.

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Speaker 3: It soon called me today, Maddie, will happened with you?

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Speaker 3: What I could tell him? Some crazy guy? That's just

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Speaker 3: to me.

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Speaker 1: His story got international attention. Al Jazeira covered it the

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Speaker 1: New York Times, NBC, the BBC, and so many others.

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Speaker 7: Well, you can still say the discoleration in the sidewalk

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Speaker 7: from where that ass was in.

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Speaker 6: This spot off thirteenth and Cleveland, where a man allegedly

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Speaker 6: downs a complete stranger with acid. Now the community is

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Speaker 6: left wondering why.

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Speaker 5: There were a few factors that helped my mode story

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Speaker 5: really get out there in a way that the average

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Speaker 5: Hay crime doesn't. He immediately reported the attack to police,

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Speaker 5: and there was clear, secure, already footage of the attack

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Speaker 5: and the person who attacked him, and that was shared online,

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Speaker 5: and his sister quickly reached out to a Latino advocacy

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Speaker 5: group for help, which helped to connect him with local

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Speaker 5: and state officials, organize a press conference, and get a

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Speaker 5: pro bono lawyer to accompany him as he gave his

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Speaker 5: statement to law enforcement. His family created a GoFundMe page

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Speaker 5: to offset the medical expenses, and in a matter of days,

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Speaker 5: Mahood raised over fifty thousand dollars.

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Speaker 2: And that wasn't all.

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Speaker 5: He received letters, calls, messages on Facebook, even one man

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Speaker 5: offering to buy him medicine.

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Speaker 4: This is guy is American but he works in India. Okay, okay, hey,

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Speaker 4: good morning, as Jules mittter Muff is now. As you

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Speaker 4: are your feeling recovery.

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Speaker 1: Avering, I can also send some facecream Navy, it would help.

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Speaker 4: Really nice guy.

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Speaker 5: Within days of the attack, police arrested in jailed Clifton Blackwell,

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Speaker 5: a white man in his early sixties, for the crime.

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Speaker 5: We should mention that he is a veteran whose mother

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Speaker 5: later told the news that he was suffering from post

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Speaker 5: traumatic stress disorder, and the district attorney is pursuing charges

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Speaker 5: with a hate crime enhancer, which means there's an added

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Speaker 5: five years to the sentence if he is convicted. Clifton

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Speaker 5: Blackwell was released in February on bond with an ankle monitor,

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Speaker 5: pending a trial.

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Speaker 1: Date coming up. On Latin USA, we look at the

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Speaker 1: bigger picture and talk to an expert about trends in

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Speaker 1: hate crime data. Stay with us, and we're back. When

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Speaker 1: we left off, we had just heard the story of

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Speaker 1: one man, Maud Vils, an immigrant from Peru, an American citizen,

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Speaker 1: who was attacked with acid in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. But what

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Speaker 1: happened to Maud is indicative of something grim that's happening

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Speaker 1: across the country. The numbers are showing an increasing level

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Speaker 1: of hate crimes overall.

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Speaker 7: Twenty nineteen was not a good year. In New York,

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Speaker 7: LA and Chicago, hate crimes hit their highest levels since

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Speaker 7: two thousand and one or two thousand and two, depending

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Speaker 7: on the cities.

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Speaker 1: This is Brian Levin. He's the director for the Center

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Speaker 1: for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State

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Speaker 1: University San Bernardino, and he says there's been an upswing

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Speaker 1: in violence specifically against Latinos in.

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Speaker 7: The five years going from twenty thirteen to twenty eighteen,

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Speaker 7: almost a fifty percent increase in anti Latino hate crime.

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Speaker 1: I sat down with him to have a more in

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Speaker 1: depth talk about trends in hate crimes and why the

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Speaker 1: numbers actually don't reflect the whole picture. Because you've been

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Speaker 1: studying this for years. What do you point to in

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Speaker 1: terms of why this kind of a spike with anti

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Speaker 1: Latino Latina hate crimes?

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Speaker 7: Around twenty ten we saw the last big cluster of

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Speaker 7: anti Latino hate crimes, and it came a time when

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Speaker 7: we had an increase in undocumented border crossings as well

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Speaker 7: as political rhetoric and actual bills that were anti immigrant.

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Speaker 7: Election time twenty sixteen, when candidate Trump was an established leader,

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Speaker 7: that was the worst month for hate crime going back

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Speaker 7: to the first anniversary of nine to eleven, and the

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Speaker 7: day after election day, and this is FBI disaggregated data,

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Speaker 7: was the worst day for hate crime going back to

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Speaker 7: two thousand and three, and unfortunately, at least in the

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Speaker 7: last year, it looks like Latinos were bearing that brunt,

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Speaker 7: but if you remember the attack against Tree of Life Synagogue,

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Speaker 7: the motivation was Latino immigration and the fact that Jews

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Speaker 7: were perceived to be supportive of it.

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Speaker 1: I just want to be clear. Are you saying that

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Speaker 1: the political rhetoric coming out of the president's mouth has

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Speaker 1: a direct correlation to the increasing numbers of hate crimes

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Speaker 1: against Latinos and latinas well.

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Speaker 7: Certainly there's a direct correlation relating, for instance, to election

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Speaker 7: month and the day after election. It's clear and unmistakable.

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Speaker 7: Correlation isn't necessarily causation, but we do know that stereotypes

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Speaker 7: are the lifeblood of prejudice, and we have different types

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Speaker 7: of manifestations of this. Some of it involves statements on

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Speaker 7: the internet as well as an increase in hate crimes.

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Speaker 7: And we're starting to see some patterns too. For instance,

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Speaker 7: an African American will be nominated or elected, we see

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Speaker 7: a spike in anti black crimes during that time, but

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Speaker 7: it comes before the election, for instance. So in two

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Speaker 7: thousand and eight we saw that.

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Speaker 1: How do you break down what's happening with Latinos and

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Speaker 1: Latinas who are us born versus people who are being

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Speaker 1: targeted specifically because of their immigration status.

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Speaker 7: When we have people who are being attacked because of

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Speaker 7: their actual or perceived immigration status, it's a different type

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Speaker 7: of victimization, and it involves certain kinds of barriers, such

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Speaker 7: as linguistic barriers, which can still exist with citizens certainly,

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Speaker 7: but also the immigration status itself might make them an

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Speaker 7: easier mark and also less likely to report. Unfortunately, I

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Speaker 7: don't think that we are getting all the numbers in.

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Speaker 7: I think we have cultural issues, we have linguistic issues,

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Speaker 7: and we have fear of dealing with authorities, not for

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Speaker 7: the least of which that some of these people might

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Speaker 7: be legally vulnerable. So bottom line, states like Wisconsin look

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Speaker 7: like they're undercounting hate crimes. Wisconsin has a good law,

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Speaker 7: it could broaden it a bit. We have to look

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Speaker 7: at model policies and outreach to immigrant communities in their

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Speaker 7: own language and including liaisons, because some people from these

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Speaker 7: affective communities may not feel comfortable dealing directly with law

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Speaker 7: enforcement unless there's an intermediary and unless it's in their language.

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Speaker 1: In the case that we're looking at, the district attorney

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Speaker 1: is actually prosecuting this particular incident as a hate crime

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Speaker 1: and is using a hate crime enhancer that would add

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Speaker 1: an extra penalty if there's a conviction. Does this usually happen?

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Speaker 7: Hate crimes are exceedingly difficult to prosecute for several reasons.

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Speaker 7: Number One, victims are often traumatized and sometimes unavailable or scared.

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Speaker 7: People might be outed, or might fear deportation or some

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Speaker 7: kind of further victimization. They might fear shame from their community. Additionally,

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Speaker 7: police oftentimes do not effectively preserve this evidence or even

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Speaker 7: label cases as hate crimes. Here in California, where we

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Speaker 7: have almost eleven hundred hate crimes a year, when it

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Speaker 7: comes to prosecutions, you're talking two hundred or less in

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Speaker 7: any given year. With regard to the hate crime statutes

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Speaker 7: Wisconsins requires a showing that the victim was intentionally selected

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Speaker 7: because of their group status such as ethnicity, and that

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Speaker 7: particular element has to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt,

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Speaker 7: and that's oftentimes very difficult to establish. Voice of America

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Speaker 7: found that over the last three years or so, there's

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Speaker 7: been a decline in federal hate crime prosecutions of about

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Speaker 7: thirty eight percent.

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Speaker 1: So I'm wondering why is it that if there is

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Speaker 1: a general increase in the numbers of hate crimes, and

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Speaker 1: certainly against Latinos, why do you think that we hear

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Speaker 1: about some of these moments and not others. What differentiates this?

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Speaker 7: I think when captured on video, these types of incidents

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Speaker 7: have a particular viral shock value that perhaps the spoken

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Speaker 7: word does not have. But the line is, I think

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Speaker 7: one of the things you're going to see more of

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Speaker 7: are not only increased efficiencies with regard to the recordation

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Speaker 7: of crimes, but also of incidents which may not rise

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Speaker 7: to the level of crimes but still might affect communities,

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Speaker 7: and it would be good to record this data. I

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Speaker 7: would guess that perhaps had this not been such a

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Speaker 7: horrific attack, but maybe something more minor, that we would

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Speaker 7: never have heard of it at all.

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Speaker 1: It's hard to know exactly how many hate crimes go unreported,

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Speaker 1: but a National Crime Victimization survey estimates that there are

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Speaker 1: almost two hundred and fifty thousand hate crimes a year,

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Speaker 1: but that more than half of those crimes go unreported

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Speaker 1: to police. For Maud, coming forward wasn't the hard part.

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Speaker 1: What did it feel like to be called illegal straight

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Speaker 1: up to your face?

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Speaker 3: He has no right to call me that.

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Speaker 8: It feels discriminatio, feels offensilo offensive, it feels rajasao rejection.

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Speaker 3: That's how it feels.

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Speaker 1: And after this incident, what he most wants his kids

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Speaker 1: to take away from this is how to learn to

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Speaker 1: not engage with people like the man who harassed.

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Speaker 3: Him, Alexi Paramius.

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Speaker 1: He says, why listen to them? Why listen to something

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Speaker 1: that angers.

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Speaker 3: You and Africa. Yeah, but at.

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Speaker 1: The same time it's very difficult. He says, to just

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Speaker 1: stay quiet and not speak up and defend yourself. And

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Speaker 1: then Mawood tells me that he has plans to add

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Speaker 1: some flags to his welding hat.

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Speaker 3: I'm a welder.

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Speaker 4: I want to give my hat American flat and per

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Speaker 4: I want to make it out.

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Speaker 1: Oh you're welder your welder.

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Speaker 4: Hat right, Yeah, I'm prof to be Perua. I'm not

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Speaker 4: prough to be American.

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Speaker 1: This episode was produced by Angelina Mojer Sarasad with help

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Speaker 1: from Joandaluna, and edited by Sophia Parisakha. The Latino USA

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Speaker 1: team includes Niel Massias, Luis Trees, Antonio sere Janis, Jamoca,

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Speaker 1: Alisa Scarce, and Alejandra Salasa. Our engineers are Stephanie Lebou

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Speaker 1: and Julia Caruso. Additional engineering this week by Lia Shaw.

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Speaker 1: Our production manager is Natalia Fidelholz. Our digital editor is

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Speaker 1: Amandel Cantra. Our interns are Julia Nesesparsa and Julia Rocha.

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Speaker 1: Our theme music was composed by Zenia Rubinos. If you

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Speaker 1: like the music you heard on this episode, stop by

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Speaker 1: Latinousa dot org and check out our weekly Spotify playlist.

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Speaker 1: I'm your host and executive producer Marienno Josa. Join us

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Speaker 1: again on our next episode, and in the meantime, look

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Speaker 1: for us on all of your social media. Asta Approxima

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Speaker 1: c Chao.

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Speaker 4: Latino USA is made possible in part by the Annie

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Speaker 4: Casey Foundation. Creates a brighter future for the nation's children

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Speaker 4: by strengthening families, building greater economic opportunity, and transforming communities.

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