1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:04,519 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the all neween Toyota Corolla. Welcome 2 00:00:04,559 --> 00:00:14,120 Speaker 1: to Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, 3 00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:17,159 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark and Charles W. 4 00:00:17,320 --> 00:00:20,400 Speaker 1: Chuck Bryant is with me, and Jerry's over there, and 5 00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:23,760 Speaker 1: this is Stuff you should Know. That's right, The Audio 6 00:00:23,800 --> 00:00:27,000 Speaker 1: Adventure Hour. Yeah, I'm I'm telling you we need to 7 00:00:27,040 --> 00:00:29,080 Speaker 1: change our names to the Audio Adventure Hour. Oh. I 8 00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:31,200 Speaker 1: got to because people would be like, I said it 9 00:00:31,240 --> 00:00:33,080 Speaker 1: on a recent one and he said, boy, that's that's 10 00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:35,800 Speaker 1: gonna stick, and now you can't even remember it. Yeah, 11 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:39,320 Speaker 1: I have no idea what you're talking about. Which episode 12 00:00:39,400 --> 00:00:41,879 Speaker 1: was it? I think it was Broken Bones Healing. Oh, 13 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:46,040 Speaker 1: that was pretty recent. It just dropped yesterday in real time. Yeah, 14 00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:47,760 Speaker 1: that's a good one. Yeah, but here we are in 15 00:00:47,760 --> 00:00:50,040 Speaker 1: October and it's long since forgotten. It was kind of 16 00:00:50,080 --> 00:00:53,880 Speaker 1: agonizing to like just talking what was it the Green 17 00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:58,720 Speaker 1: Tree or Green Stick where little kids bones break? Oh? Yeah, man, 18 00:00:59,240 --> 00:01:01,200 Speaker 1: we heard from a lot of people on that too. Yeah, 19 00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:03,240 Speaker 1: and everybody had a hard time listening to it. Yeah, 20 00:01:03,280 --> 00:01:06,679 Speaker 1: and we got some pretty gnarly pictures. Yeah, that dude 21 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:08,600 Speaker 1: with the staples down his leg and the guy with 22 00:01:08,600 --> 00:01:10,800 Speaker 1: a crooked wrist like, don't send us this stuff anymore, 23 00:01:10,800 --> 00:01:15,480 Speaker 1: please stop, so Chuck. Yes, I know you're familiar with 24 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:19,320 Speaker 1: the work of economist Jeffrey D. Sachs, the Sackster, but 25 00:01:19,400 --> 00:01:22,479 Speaker 1: don't I'm don't ont me bore you too much. I'll 26 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:26,120 Speaker 1: try to keep it brief. Of course, you're aware that 27 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:32,039 Speaker 1: Sacks once said that humanity can most likely reproduce its 28 00:01:32,080 --> 00:01:37,440 Speaker 1: way out of any dire situation. Global warming, climate change, starvation, 29 00:01:38,040 --> 00:01:42,600 Speaker 1: reaching carrying capacity, running out of water, all of these 30 00:01:42,600 --> 00:01:48,480 Speaker 1: things we can paradoxically get our get ourselves out of 31 00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:50,920 Speaker 1: by producing more people, more people who are going to 32 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:53,760 Speaker 1: consume more of these things. And the reason, of course 33 00:01:53,760 --> 00:01:57,000 Speaker 1: that Sacks is saying this is that the more people 34 00:01:57,240 --> 00:01:59,840 Speaker 1: that are produced, the higher the chances that some of 35 00:01:59,840 --> 00:02:03,360 Speaker 1: those people are geniuses. And the more geniuses you have 36 00:02:03,480 --> 00:02:06,800 Speaker 1: running around the planet at any given time, the more 37 00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:10,480 Speaker 1: likely those geniuses are to solve the big picture problems 38 00:02:10,480 --> 00:02:13,480 Speaker 1: that we face. We need more geniuses, So apparently we're 39 00:02:13,480 --> 00:02:17,160 Speaker 1: all supposed to reproduce more. Um, does he account for 40 00:02:17,200 --> 00:02:21,399 Speaker 1: all the dummies? Yeah, I guess what he's saying. When 41 00:02:21,440 --> 00:02:25,400 Speaker 1: you put the dummies against the geniuses. Even the dummies 42 00:02:25,400 --> 00:02:27,840 Speaker 1: can't on your mind, the work of enough geniuses, right, 43 00:02:27,960 --> 00:02:31,920 Speaker 1: so one genius can for the undoing of a thousand dummies. 44 00:02:33,639 --> 00:02:36,560 Speaker 1: But it's like, then you have the idiocracy problem. It's like, well, 45 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:39,240 Speaker 1: we need to make sure that smart people are are 46 00:02:39,320 --> 00:02:41,640 Speaker 1: reproducing too. Oh, I thought you were gonna say a 47 00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:45,200 Speaker 1: movie based on one joke. I love that movie. It's 48 00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:48,639 Speaker 1: a cute movie. I thought it was good. It's right, 49 00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:52,840 Speaker 1: it's worth in for me. Um it didn't. Yeah, no, 50 00:02:52,960 --> 00:02:55,760 Speaker 1: actually it was okay, but it worth in. Okay, I'm 51 00:02:55,800 --> 00:03:00,680 Speaker 1: not pooping. Um. Did you like off Space? Yeah? Sure, 52 00:03:01,320 --> 00:03:04,400 Speaker 1: who didn't? I don't know, I don't. I think everybody 53 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:06,840 Speaker 1: on the planet loved Office Space. Yeah, that was a 54 00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:10,200 Speaker 1: big underground hit. Still is like, it's still part of 55 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:13,520 Speaker 1: the vernacular for people to say things like flair and uh, 56 00:03:13,560 --> 00:03:15,799 Speaker 1: there's always one guy in the office that's talking about 57 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:20,200 Speaker 1: it tail right. Every office has got someone quoting office 58 00:03:20,200 --> 00:03:22,840 Speaker 1: space or he's a straight shooter with upper management written 59 00:03:22,840 --> 00:03:29,520 Speaker 1: all over. Yeah. Yeah, yeah, so um Archimedes. Yeah, speaking 60 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:33,200 Speaker 1: of office space, Well, we're talking about genius, isn't you know? 61 00:03:33,280 --> 00:03:35,800 Speaker 1: It's something to be a genius now, But when you 62 00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:39,360 Speaker 1: are a genius, you basically expected to immediately sell out 63 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:41,720 Speaker 1: to the man or the government, and your ideas are 64 00:03:41,720 --> 00:03:45,320 Speaker 1: going to be used for nefarious reasons against everybody else. Yeah, 65 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:46,800 Speaker 1: that's kind of how it works a lot of times, 66 00:03:46,840 --> 00:03:51,040 Speaker 1: you know, like that Matt Damon soliloquy and Goodwill Hunting 67 00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:58,920 Speaker 1: where he's Yeah, it's probably pretty accurate. Um, there was 68 00:03:58,920 --> 00:04:03,240 Speaker 1: a time, however, where just being a genius was you 69 00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:07,880 Speaker 1: could change humanity forever. And you can make an an 70 00:04:08,840 --> 00:04:11,600 Speaker 1: argument that it was easier to be a genius before 71 00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:16,359 Speaker 1: because you there was so much to be discovered. I 72 00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:20,360 Speaker 1: totally agree, But it's still you should take your head 73 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:23,680 Speaker 1: off to guys like Archimedes, some of the earliest geniuses, 74 00:04:23,800 --> 00:04:27,120 Speaker 1: because Archimedes was thank you you just did. Didn't get 75 00:04:27,160 --> 00:04:30,080 Speaker 1: off my cap. He was somebody worth taking your hat 76 00:04:30,120 --> 00:04:34,800 Speaker 1: off to let alone. The one thing that's possibly the 77 00:04:34,800 --> 00:04:38,720 Speaker 1: biggest thing that he figured out was calculating pie. Yeah, 78 00:04:38,839 --> 00:04:42,440 Speaker 1: so throw the people who can like calculate pie a 79 00:04:42,520 --> 00:04:45,200 Speaker 1: hundred and fifty places or whatever, just out the window. 80 00:04:45,279 --> 00:04:47,200 Speaker 1: Just throw him out in the nearest window, people who 81 00:04:47,240 --> 00:04:49,520 Speaker 1: are standing next to them right now. Because this guy 82 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:55,159 Speaker 1: came up with pie originally. Yeah, he calculated pie um. 83 00:04:55,240 --> 00:04:57,000 Speaker 1: If you don't know who Archimedes is, by the way, 84 00:04:57,040 --> 00:05:00,960 Speaker 1: he was a mathematician and a physicist and engineer, inventor 85 00:05:00,960 --> 00:05:05,920 Speaker 1: and all around renaissance man pre Renaissance. Well, let's talk 86 00:05:05,960 --> 00:05:07,719 Speaker 1: about him a little bit. He was born in two 87 00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:11,080 Speaker 1: eight seven b c. In Syracuse, Orange, which is a 88 00:05:11,200 --> 00:05:14,320 Speaker 1: modern day Sicily. Yeah. So he was just an Italian 89 00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:18,040 Speaker 1: or well that back then it was a Greek city state. Yeah, 90 00:05:18,080 --> 00:05:22,280 Speaker 1: but you know like Sicily, Sicily, Yeah, you know, the 91 00:05:22,320 --> 00:05:25,479 Speaker 1: old thing Sicily, Sicily. And he was one of the 92 00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:29,919 Speaker 1: o g Sicilians, a Syracusian. Yeah, and he lived his 93 00:05:29,920 --> 00:05:33,440 Speaker 1: whole life there and um, later in his life he 94 00:05:33,440 --> 00:05:36,760 Speaker 1: would do a lot to try and protect his fair city. Right, 95 00:05:36,880 --> 00:05:40,720 Speaker 1: So basically he's walking around Syracuse. Is aside from going 96 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:44,280 Speaker 1: and being educated in egypt Um, which is where a 97 00:05:44,279 --> 00:05:49,760 Speaker 1: lot of the early Greek thinkers went to study. Um, he, 98 00:05:50,080 --> 00:05:53,040 Speaker 1: like you said, lived his life in Syracuse, and he 99 00:05:53,120 --> 00:05:57,240 Speaker 1: was basically allowed to roam around being the local odd 100 00:05:57,279 --> 00:06:01,520 Speaker 1: ball because he was so far and he was he 101 00:06:01,520 --> 00:06:04,039 Speaker 1: played that part pretty well. Yeah. Not only did he 102 00:06:04,080 --> 00:06:09,360 Speaker 1: calculate pie first, he um worked. It wasn't quite calculus, 103 00:06:09,400 --> 00:06:13,200 Speaker 1: because calculus wasn't invented, but they might as well have 104 00:06:13,200 --> 00:06:16,279 Speaker 1: been calculus. He's proofs he was coming up with about 105 00:06:16,279 --> 00:06:19,880 Speaker 1: two thousand years before calculus was invented, so he was 106 00:06:19,920 --> 00:06:23,799 Speaker 1: pre calculus and not that classic in the eighth grade 107 00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:27,400 Speaker 1: that you hated. Um, I shouldn't knock math. I always 108 00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:30,360 Speaker 1: knock math. I'm sorry, don't apologize to me. I have 109 00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:33,440 Speaker 1: a lot of hatred towards math. I don't want to 110 00:06:33,040 --> 00:06:36,800 Speaker 1: school the utes of today, though, Go to take pre calculus. 111 00:06:36,839 --> 00:06:40,039 Speaker 1: You're gonna love it. Yes, that's what I say. Yeah, 112 00:06:40,200 --> 00:06:42,680 Speaker 1: I don't think you're telling anything they don't already know though, 113 00:06:42,720 --> 00:06:46,200 Speaker 1: you know, like kids who math appeals to thee I 114 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:48,640 Speaker 1: have a deep admiration for those kids and don't progrudge 115 00:06:48,680 --> 00:06:51,800 Speaker 1: them anything. I think you're born into it. Um. Like, 116 00:06:51,839 --> 00:06:54,080 Speaker 1: if you're into math and you're a kid right now, 117 00:06:54,680 --> 00:06:58,240 Speaker 1: you have you're smarter than Chuck and Josh put together. Yeah, 118 00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:00,560 Speaker 1: and you've got a big advantage in life too. Yeah, 119 00:07:00,600 --> 00:07:04,040 Speaker 1: because your checkbook is going to be that's right. Uh. 120 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:08,480 Speaker 1: He came up with the principle of hydro statics displacement, 121 00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:13,480 Speaker 1: calculating like you're the volume of the human body or 122 00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:16,000 Speaker 1: really anything. But at first it was a human body 123 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:17,720 Speaker 1: because he did it by getting in a bathtub and 124 00:07:17,760 --> 00:07:21,600 Speaker 1: its spilled over. Let's talk about this makes sense? Yeah, 125 00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:23,960 Speaker 1: and what did he do when he figured out that? 126 00:07:24,160 --> 00:07:27,640 Speaker 1: He ran around naked? Apparently shouting eureka, which means I've 127 00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:30,960 Speaker 1: got it. Let's talk about the story behind us. So 128 00:07:31,480 --> 00:07:35,200 Speaker 1: there was a king who had a pretty favorable opinion 129 00:07:35,760 --> 00:07:39,800 Speaker 1: of Archimedes, King Hero the second, I believe, and uh, 130 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:42,920 Speaker 1: King Hero came to our comedies. This is a story 131 00:07:43,400 --> 00:07:47,080 Speaker 1: with a crown that a local goldsmith had made. He 132 00:07:47,120 --> 00:07:50,920 Speaker 1: had commissioned a local goldsmith to make for him, and 133 00:07:51,240 --> 00:07:55,800 Speaker 1: the king said, hey, our commedies. I suspect I gave 134 00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:58,600 Speaker 1: this local goldsmith the gold to make this count, but 135 00:07:58,680 --> 00:08:01,440 Speaker 1: I suspect that he replaced some of the gold with silver, 136 00:08:02,080 --> 00:08:04,320 Speaker 1: and that this isn't a pure gold crown. And I 137 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:07,160 Speaker 1: wanted to gold crown. Can you help me? You're smart guy, yeah, 138 00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:10,080 Speaker 1: can you help me figure that out? And our community 139 00:08:10,120 --> 00:08:11,960 Speaker 1: is just like, oh man, this is a tough one. 140 00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:13,760 Speaker 1: And he thought and thought and thought and thought for 141 00:08:13,800 --> 00:08:16,280 Speaker 1: a long time. And it was when, like you said, 142 00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:19,520 Speaker 1: he was in a bath he was lowering himself into 143 00:08:19,520 --> 00:08:22,200 Speaker 1: the bath that some water spilled over that he came 144 00:08:22,280 --> 00:08:27,720 Speaker 1: up with what's called Archimedes principle of hydrostatics, which basically 145 00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:33,640 Speaker 1: says that um the the an object, the volume of 146 00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:38,719 Speaker 1: an object just places an equal volume of water. Right, 147 00:08:39,280 --> 00:08:42,800 Speaker 1: So we have things like airships or not water but 148 00:08:42,880 --> 00:08:45,840 Speaker 1: fluid which can be water or air or gas, liquid 149 00:08:45,920 --> 00:08:51,480 Speaker 1: or gas. So we have like airships, a ka Zeppelin's ship, ships, 150 00:08:51,720 --> 00:08:55,960 Speaker 1: ship ships as yet things that float and don't sink. 151 00:08:56,360 --> 00:08:58,480 Speaker 1: We can thank our our communities for the math that 152 00:08:58,600 --> 00:09:02,080 Speaker 1: led to those. But anyway, so he's got this crown right, 153 00:09:02,960 --> 00:09:04,760 Speaker 1: And it was when he was in the bath that 154 00:09:04,840 --> 00:09:07,319 Speaker 1: he realized how we could figure out how the crown 155 00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:10,000 Speaker 1: is pure, whether it was or not. He weighed the 156 00:09:10,040 --> 00:09:13,840 Speaker 1: crown and then got a bar of gold that he 157 00:09:13,920 --> 00:09:17,080 Speaker 1: knew was pure that way, the exact same as the crown. 158 00:09:17,840 --> 00:09:21,520 Speaker 1: He had a cylinder of water or bats of water. 159 00:09:21,559 --> 00:09:25,800 Speaker 1: He had a receptacle of water filled to the brim 160 00:09:25,800 --> 00:09:31,320 Speaker 1: with water, Like we said water he drops the gold 161 00:09:31,400 --> 00:09:37,080 Speaker 1: into is my natural aversion to understanding math showing I 162 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:40,440 Speaker 1: feel like it is. He has this receptacle of water 163 00:09:40,520 --> 00:09:43,200 Speaker 1: filled to the brim. He takes this bar of pure gold, 164 00:09:43,520 --> 00:09:46,199 Speaker 1: drops it into the receptacle and it just places water 165 00:09:46,600 --> 00:09:51,120 Speaker 1: just placed his place, right. So now he takes the 166 00:09:51,160 --> 00:09:55,319 Speaker 1: gold out and the volume of water has been reduced, 167 00:09:55,640 --> 00:09:58,320 Speaker 1: some of it's filled out, right, that's equal to the 168 00:09:58,400 --> 00:10:02,920 Speaker 1: volume which produced by the density of the gold of 169 00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:07,440 Speaker 1: the gold. Okay, so now he's got the gold crown. 170 00:10:08,280 --> 00:10:11,160 Speaker 1: If he drops the gold crown into this receptacle of 171 00:10:11,160 --> 00:10:13,679 Speaker 1: water and it brings the water up to the exact 172 00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:17,040 Speaker 1: level that it was before the gold bar was dropped 173 00:10:17,080 --> 00:10:20,600 Speaker 1: in there, that means that the density of the gold 174 00:10:20,640 --> 00:10:25,520 Speaker 1: crown and the density of the equal weight gold bar 175 00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:28,200 Speaker 1: are the same, meaning that the gold crown is pure. Yeah, 176 00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:30,200 Speaker 1: and that's the key I don't think you mentioned at 177 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:33,080 Speaker 1: the beginning was that the gold bar he had was 178 00:10:33,120 --> 00:10:36,319 Speaker 1: supposedly the same amount of gold as what was used 179 00:10:36,360 --> 00:10:38,960 Speaker 1: to make the crown, same way, so it should have 180 00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:42,319 Speaker 1: the same exact density. Now, silver has a different density 181 00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:46,480 Speaker 1: than gold, so the same weight of a bar of 182 00:10:46,520 --> 00:10:49,360 Speaker 1: gold and a bar of silver have different densities, which 183 00:10:49,360 --> 00:10:52,400 Speaker 1: means that if the guy had added some silver to this, 184 00:10:52,960 --> 00:10:56,280 Speaker 1: the amount of water wouldn't come back up to the top. 185 00:10:56,520 --> 00:10:59,520 Speaker 1: So it happened who knows who cares. Oh wait, you 186 00:10:59,559 --> 00:11:02,679 Speaker 1: don't have an ending to that story. The ending is 187 00:11:02,720 --> 00:11:06,200 Speaker 1: that he figured this out and uh he ran naked 188 00:11:06,200 --> 00:11:09,959 Speaker 1: to the street shot in Eureka, Eureka. Oh man, Now 189 00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:13,040 Speaker 1: I have to know was the gold crown gold or 190 00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:15,839 Speaker 1: was it gold and silver. We're gonna go ahead and 191 00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:18,520 Speaker 1: say it's gold, because if it were gold and silver, 192 00:11:18,600 --> 00:11:21,240 Speaker 1: then the king would surely have to slay the goldsmith. 193 00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:23,480 Speaker 1: And I have the impression that King Hero the second 194 00:11:23,520 --> 00:11:30,080 Speaker 1: of Syracuse was a fairly benevolent, beneficent, beneficent king. Hold on, 195 00:11:30,240 --> 00:11:32,199 Speaker 1: before we're go any further, what do you think about 196 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:41,640 Speaker 1: a message break? That's great? Alright, so our comedian has 197 00:11:41,679 --> 00:11:43,760 Speaker 1: done talking for the rest of the podcast. No, you're not. 198 00:11:44,040 --> 00:11:46,360 Speaker 1: He Uh so he was a smart guy, that's what 199 00:11:46,440 --> 00:11:50,320 Speaker 1: that story equals. Yes, he um he was. He was 200 00:11:50,360 --> 00:11:55,320 Speaker 1: an inventor, but he was more than inventor in my opinion. 201 00:11:55,640 --> 00:11:59,000 Speaker 1: He was a modifier of inventions. Like he didn't invent 202 00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:03,640 Speaker 1: the catapult old, but he made the catapult into a 203 00:12:03,720 --> 00:12:07,000 Speaker 1: variable range weapon instead of a fixed range weapon, much 204 00:12:07,040 --> 00:12:11,920 Speaker 1: more useful. Yes, he didn't invent um the water screw. 205 00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:14,360 Speaker 1: He didn't been in the water screw. I think didn't 206 00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:17,920 Speaker 1: he Apparently it's an Egyptian really thing that he found 207 00:12:18,080 --> 00:12:21,360 Speaker 1: an improved Okay, well, good for him, though I'm not 208 00:12:21,400 --> 00:12:23,640 Speaker 1: saying that like, well they call it our comedes screw. 209 00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:26,600 Speaker 1: Well yeah, ever, the impression he wouldn't have called it that. 210 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:29,000 Speaker 1: I don't think he was much of a self promoter. 211 00:12:29,120 --> 00:12:31,480 Speaker 1: He was a producer, you think, so, yeah, he just 212 00:12:31,520 --> 00:12:36,360 Speaker 1: got the work done, alright. So eventually his his tinkering 213 00:12:36,440 --> 00:12:38,720 Speaker 1: and his obsession, like he would get really fixated on 214 00:12:38,760 --> 00:12:42,280 Speaker 1: his work, would lead to his death. Um. Although he 215 00:12:42,360 --> 00:12:45,720 Speaker 1: was old. He was seventy five, and uh, that's got 216 00:12:45,720 --> 00:12:50,040 Speaker 1: to be old for that age. Oh sure before the commentary, Yeah, 217 00:12:50,200 --> 00:12:53,439 Speaker 1: heck yeah, he was really old. Uh. And a Roman soldier. 218 00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:57,040 Speaker 1: I've seen varying accounts of this story, um, but the 219 00:12:57,080 --> 00:12:59,040 Speaker 1: gist of it is is that a Roman soldier came 220 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:01,400 Speaker 1: in and said, hey, you need to go meet with 221 00:13:01,440 --> 00:13:05,960 Speaker 1: General Marcellus, because Marcellus we're in charge here now. Marcellus 222 00:13:05,960 --> 00:13:09,439 Speaker 1: wants to meet with you. Um. He's got a briefcase, 223 00:13:12,120 --> 00:13:14,000 Speaker 1: uh and a mysterious band aid on the back of 224 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:17,080 Speaker 1: his neck. Um. And so he goes in there and 225 00:13:17,080 --> 00:13:19,120 Speaker 1: he says, you know, General Marcellus wants to meet with you. 226 00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:23,240 Speaker 1: And Archimedes was in the middle of uh his math, 227 00:13:23,320 --> 00:13:25,760 Speaker 1: basically trying to come up with some new proofs, you know, 228 00:13:25,840 --> 00:13:28,240 Speaker 1: like he's creating a geometric proof or something, right, And 229 00:13:28,240 --> 00:13:29,920 Speaker 1: he was in the middle of it. Yeah, and he 230 00:13:29,960 --> 00:13:32,360 Speaker 1: had drawn this on the floor. It was all drawn out, 231 00:13:33,040 --> 00:13:36,480 Speaker 1: and um, one account I saw what he said. No, 232 00:13:36,640 --> 00:13:39,079 Speaker 1: I'm like, I'm too busy. I can't go see him now. 233 00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:41,200 Speaker 1: And the guy got angry and killed him with a sword. 234 00:13:41,840 --> 00:13:45,080 Speaker 1: You found that he was beaten to death. Either way, 235 00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:47,440 Speaker 1: he died, but he had said something along the lines 236 00:13:47,480 --> 00:13:50,800 Speaker 1: of don't disturb my circles, very dismissively to this Roman soldier, 237 00:13:51,120 --> 00:13:53,680 Speaker 1: which pissed him off. Yeah, and so the Roman soldier 238 00:13:53,760 --> 00:13:56,840 Speaker 1: killed him one way or another exactly. And apparently, um, 239 00:13:56,920 --> 00:13:59,400 Speaker 1: the Roman soldier didn't realize who he was. Well, No, 240 00:13:59,679 --> 00:14:02,000 Speaker 1: General of Marcellus was not too happy, no, because he 241 00:14:02,040 --> 00:14:04,720 Speaker 1: wanted to use him. Yeah, our comedies was very well 242 00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:08,080 Speaker 1: known around this area. Um. And the whole reason that 243 00:14:08,160 --> 00:14:10,440 Speaker 1: a Roman soldier was even in our comedies's house in 244 00:14:10,480 --> 00:14:15,160 Speaker 1: the first place was because they were besieging and had 245 00:14:15,240 --> 00:14:20,040 Speaker 1: been besieging Syracuse for two years. Two full years. Well, yeah, 246 00:14:20,040 --> 00:14:23,760 Speaker 1: they Syracuse was surrounded by a sixteen mile wall, so 247 00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:27,120 Speaker 1: it was very fortified city, right, So it wasn't the 248 00:14:27,160 --> 00:14:29,360 Speaker 1: kind of place you could just waltz in and siege, 249 00:14:29,680 --> 00:14:31,440 Speaker 1: right like this will be an afternoon siege. It was 250 00:14:31,440 --> 00:14:33,920 Speaker 1: a two year siege. So here's the weird thing. For 251 00:14:34,680 --> 00:14:40,000 Speaker 1: about fifty years of King Hero the second reign Um, 252 00:14:40,720 --> 00:14:44,400 Speaker 1: this city state, the Greek city state of Syracuse, allied 253 00:14:44,440 --> 00:14:47,720 Speaker 1: itself with Rome. Everything was fine, it was a time 254 00:14:47,760 --> 00:14:51,840 Speaker 1: of peace. The Romans were, you know, pretty much conquering 255 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:54,880 Speaker 1: the world at the forefront of everything, yeah, and taking 256 00:14:54,880 --> 00:14:58,760 Speaker 1: care of their friends, including Syracuse. But um, King Hero's 257 00:14:58,800 --> 00:15:04,320 Speaker 1: successor has son Um decided to go and allie Syracuse 258 00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:08,080 Speaker 1: with Carthage. The general Hannibal had recently had some pretty 259 00:15:08,120 --> 00:15:12,160 Speaker 1: good victories and it caught the attention of Hero's successor, 260 00:15:12,800 --> 00:15:16,680 Speaker 1: and as a result that his successor was assassinated in 261 00:15:16,680 --> 00:15:19,240 Speaker 1: like thirteen months, and there's a lot of civil strife 262 00:15:19,320 --> 00:15:21,280 Speaker 1: that kind of came about as a result of this. 263 00:15:21,400 --> 00:15:24,200 Speaker 1: Syracuse was divided. We should allie with Carthage, we should 264 00:15:24,200 --> 00:15:28,800 Speaker 1: a lie with Rome. Well, whatever the case was, there 265 00:15:29,920 --> 00:15:33,960 Speaker 1: complete alliance to Rome had been shattered, and Rome sent 266 00:15:34,360 --> 00:15:37,480 Speaker 1: General Marcellus to negotiate at first, I guess, to get 267 00:15:37,520 --> 00:15:40,480 Speaker 1: them back on their side. And when negotiations failed, he 268 00:15:40,520 --> 00:15:44,360 Speaker 1: started to attack the city. And when he attacked the city, 269 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:48,440 Speaker 1: Archimedes war machines were unleashed upon the Romans. Well. Yeah, 270 00:15:48,440 --> 00:15:50,680 Speaker 1: they went to Archimedes and they said, you're a smart guy. 271 00:15:51,040 --> 00:15:54,480 Speaker 1: Can you figure out some it's some innovative ways to 272 00:15:54,640 --> 00:15:59,720 Speaker 1: thwart these people? And he said, hey, it's no problem, 273 00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:02,720 Speaker 1: you know. Uh So one of the things he came 274 00:16:02,800 --> 00:16:04,840 Speaker 1: up with, and I love his warp machines because it's 275 00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:07,760 Speaker 1: just kind of cool stuff. It's all like back in 276 00:16:07,800 --> 00:16:11,920 Speaker 1: that day, it was all very practically oriented with pulleys 277 00:16:11,920 --> 00:16:14,880 Speaker 1: and levers and things. You know. It wasn't like you know, 278 00:16:15,160 --> 00:16:17,680 Speaker 1: nuclear fission's like, hey, let me think how I can 279 00:16:17,800 --> 00:16:22,200 Speaker 1: use these drop these big heavy things onto people the 280 00:16:22,280 --> 00:16:25,040 Speaker 1: best with the with the people that I have at 281 00:16:25,120 --> 00:16:28,120 Speaker 1: my disposal, which is a lot of people. Uh. One 282 00:16:28,240 --> 00:16:30,760 Speaker 1: My favorite thing was the iron hand or the iron 283 00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:35,560 Speaker 1: Archimedes claw. Uh. This was basically it's like a large 284 00:16:35,680 --> 00:16:40,520 Speaker 1: lever with a grappling hook um and that would hang 285 00:16:40,880 --> 00:16:45,680 Speaker 1: uh uh flush with the walls. So they wouldn't see it, 286 00:16:45,800 --> 00:16:48,240 Speaker 1: you know. And then when the ships would come into 287 00:16:48,240 --> 00:16:51,360 Speaker 1: the harbor, they would swing this thing out. They would 288 00:16:51,360 --> 00:16:55,600 Speaker 1: lower the boom literally and this grappling hook would attach 289 00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:57,400 Speaker 1: onto the front of a ship or any part of 290 00:16:57,400 --> 00:16:59,560 Speaker 1: the ship would be great, and they would have all 291 00:16:59,560 --> 00:17:03,040 Speaker 1: these people and oxen and things that would immediately yank 292 00:17:03,120 --> 00:17:06,760 Speaker 1: it up and basically yank these ships either in half 293 00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:09,720 Speaker 1: or tip them over and capsize them, or drop them 294 00:17:09,880 --> 00:17:11,520 Speaker 1: in the front end out of the water and then 295 00:17:11,840 --> 00:17:13,640 Speaker 1: release it and then drop it back in the water 296 00:17:13,680 --> 00:17:15,919 Speaker 1: where the boat would break or capsize right exactly, and 297 00:17:15,960 --> 00:17:18,880 Speaker 1: the the sailors would be shaken off. And these are 298 00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:23,040 Speaker 1: big ships. Supposedly, Um, they were called quinn Querines. Yeah, 299 00:17:23,080 --> 00:17:25,040 Speaker 1: that was the ship of the day. Yeah, And those 300 00:17:25,080 --> 00:17:28,119 Speaker 1: things weighed about a hundred metric tons and um, like 301 00:17:28,160 --> 00:17:31,000 Speaker 1: four dudes on these things were not small. They weren't small. 302 00:17:31,080 --> 00:17:34,680 Speaker 1: And there was supposedly this giant iron claw that could 303 00:17:34,680 --> 00:17:37,480 Speaker 1: pick them up and shake the people off and then 304 00:17:37,520 --> 00:17:40,920 Speaker 1: throw the ship back into the seat. And they think 305 00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:43,720 Speaker 1: that it was probably balanced with the counterweight rather than 306 00:17:43,800 --> 00:17:47,240 Speaker 1: say like pulice, which some accounts have it as um 307 00:17:47,280 --> 00:17:50,080 Speaker 1: because the counterweight would be it would balance out the 308 00:17:50,080 --> 00:17:54,439 Speaker 1: weight of this huge arm and the claw um, meaning 309 00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:57,080 Speaker 1: that just a few people could move it up and 310 00:17:57,119 --> 00:17:59,720 Speaker 1: down inside to side when they needed to because the 311 00:17:59,720 --> 00:18:02,240 Speaker 1: bull because the way it was countered. And again, he 312 00:18:02,240 --> 00:18:07,920 Speaker 1: didn't invent this, but he modified existing things to make 313 00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:12,680 Speaker 1: war machines. Basically. Uh, And we should say it's entirely 314 00:18:12,720 --> 00:18:17,240 Speaker 1: possible the iron hand or iron claw didn't exist or 315 00:18:17,320 --> 00:18:23,119 Speaker 1: existed in some less fantastic fashion less um less James 316 00:18:23,119 --> 00:18:29,159 Speaker 1: West fashion um. But it's possible and probable even that 317 00:18:29,240 --> 00:18:31,920 Speaker 1: it was. There was something like that that was used 318 00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:35,600 Speaker 1: during the Siege of Syracuse. Yeah. That's the coolest things 319 00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:37,280 Speaker 1: to me is that this stuff, this is so long 320 00:18:37,320 --> 00:18:39,880 Speaker 1: ago that we don't have the great records, so there's 321 00:18:39,880 --> 00:18:43,920 Speaker 1: a lot of speculation of how he did it. It's 322 00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:45,719 Speaker 1: just like how the pyramids built. You know. It's kind 323 00:18:45,720 --> 00:18:47,439 Speaker 1: of fun to sit around and tease your brain with 324 00:18:47,480 --> 00:18:51,720 Speaker 1: that stuff or build these things like Discovery Channel did 325 00:18:52,040 --> 00:18:54,479 Speaker 1: on their show super Weapons of the Ancient World. They 326 00:18:54,520 --> 00:18:57,080 Speaker 1: built an iron hand. Did it work? Heck yeah, I 327 00:18:57,119 --> 00:18:59,719 Speaker 1: did nice. I mean it's not it's very basic. It's like, 328 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:01,880 Speaker 1: let me lower this big hook onto your ship and 329 00:19:02,240 --> 00:19:03,600 Speaker 1: use a lot of force to pull it up and 330 00:19:03,640 --> 00:19:07,360 Speaker 1: then drop it. It's like the claw that you used 331 00:19:07,400 --> 00:19:09,960 Speaker 1: to like win stuff at the bowling alley out of 332 00:19:09,960 --> 00:19:14,520 Speaker 1: those machines. Uh, well, an upside down version of that. Oh, 333 00:19:14,600 --> 00:19:16,240 Speaker 1: is it like a it's a hook. Yeah, it's a 334 00:19:16,240 --> 00:19:19,959 Speaker 1: grappling hook. Okay, but the nomenclature of the day that 335 00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:22,359 Speaker 1: was called a claw, I got you. Yeah, okay, So 336 00:19:22,440 --> 00:19:29,080 Speaker 1: let's take another a little second for a message break. Okay, 337 00:19:30,359 --> 00:19:32,080 Speaker 1: all right, so let's get back to it. So you 338 00:19:32,119 --> 00:19:35,120 Speaker 1: have the iron claw that was probably for real and 339 00:19:35,280 --> 00:19:39,360 Speaker 1: used against Rome because it was mentioned several times by um, 340 00:19:39,520 --> 00:19:45,360 Speaker 1: not necessarily contemporary historians, but Plutarch mentions it in Plutark 341 00:19:45,359 --> 00:19:48,520 Speaker 1: did a lot of the historical recording of the day 342 00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:51,200 Speaker 1: for our comedies, but it was about two fifty years 343 00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:57,040 Speaker 1: after our comedies lived. Um, there was another one that 344 00:19:57,160 --> 00:20:02,680 Speaker 1: was pretty cool. May not have existed, but it was possible, 345 00:20:03,240 --> 00:20:06,800 Speaker 1: and it's called Archimedes death ray. Cool name. It's a 346 00:20:06,840 --> 00:20:09,600 Speaker 1: great name, the greatest name for a weapon ever, probably 347 00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:12,760 Speaker 1: our comedies death ray. What about a band name. I'm 348 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:16,959 Speaker 1: sure that someone has taken that one in, don't you think, Yeah, 349 00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,960 Speaker 1: there's an Archimedes death right out there. Okay, alright, fine, 350 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:23,320 Speaker 1: our comedies deathrays taken. It's got to be. But it 351 00:20:23,440 --> 00:20:26,800 Speaker 1: is a cool thing. The thing is is it's not mentioned. 352 00:20:26,840 --> 00:20:31,560 Speaker 1: It's mentioned a couple of times by some historians, even 353 00:20:31,680 --> 00:20:38,879 Speaker 1: a A a couple that are fairly close who wrote 354 00:20:38,920 --> 00:20:41,480 Speaker 1: fairly close after the Siege of Syracuse. Well, now, what's 355 00:20:41,480 --> 00:20:45,720 Speaker 1: considered fairly close a couple hundred years, so Galen does 356 00:20:45,760 --> 00:20:50,119 Speaker 1: not vol into that category about three fifty years after. Okay, 357 00:20:50,119 --> 00:20:54,280 Speaker 1: so let's say Galen mentions it, but he doesn't call 358 00:20:54,320 --> 00:20:59,240 Speaker 1: anything a death ray obviously. He he basically says, um 359 00:20:59,359 --> 00:21:05,239 Speaker 1: that Archimedes burned ships remotely. I don't remember exactly how 360 00:21:05,280 --> 00:21:07,600 Speaker 1: he says it, but he just kind of he says 361 00:21:07,640 --> 00:21:11,000 Speaker 1: that they Romans ships burned from Afar because of one 362 00:21:11,040 --> 00:21:15,120 Speaker 1: of archimedes weapons, and he just mentions it. It's not 363 00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:18,639 Speaker 1: until five a d. About seven hundred years after the 364 00:21:18,680 --> 00:21:22,000 Speaker 1: fact that they named it, that a guy named Anthemius 365 00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:26,520 Speaker 1: of Trellis, who is talking about mirrored surfaces, mentions off 366 00:21:26,560 --> 00:21:30,960 Speaker 1: handedly that Archimedies probably used a mirrored parabola to burn 367 00:21:31,040 --> 00:21:34,560 Speaker 1: these ships. So it was known that Archimedes used something 368 00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:38,720 Speaker 1: to burn ships remotely. Um. And then it's not until 369 00:21:38,800 --> 00:21:43,199 Speaker 1: five D that Anthemius says this is probably what it was, 370 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:45,920 Speaker 1: and the idea of the Archimedes that's way really kind 371 00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:49,240 Speaker 1: of took shape from there. Yeah. And if you've never 372 00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:51,280 Speaker 1: seen one in action, because a lot of people tried 373 00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:55,440 Speaker 1: to recreate these very successfully. Yeah, there's a that video. 374 00:21:55,520 --> 00:21:58,440 Speaker 1: The nineteen year old kid in two thousand eleven named 375 00:21:58,520 --> 00:22:02,480 Speaker 1: Eric Jacques Mayne from Indiana. He built one out of 376 00:22:02,520 --> 00:22:07,560 Speaker 1: a satellite dish and little discobald mirrorses and uh it 377 00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:11,359 Speaker 1: worked like man, he could melt stuff and melt aluminum 378 00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:15,200 Speaker 1: and catch things on fire and he's pretty ingenious. Somehow 379 00:22:15,280 --> 00:22:18,239 Speaker 1: melted a rock or singe the rock somehow. Yeah, and 380 00:22:18,480 --> 00:22:21,200 Speaker 1: he said it committed suicide. He thinks it burned itself 381 00:22:21,400 --> 00:22:23,919 Speaker 1: in a barn, like the sun hit it wrong and 382 00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:26,359 Speaker 1: it caught the barn on the fire. But apparently he's 383 00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:27,720 Speaker 1: making a new one. I don't know how he's coming 384 00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:29,960 Speaker 1: along on that, Yeah, but it's a pretty interesting little 385 00:22:30,040 --> 00:22:32,480 Speaker 1: video to watch. Yeah. But the idea is that you're 386 00:22:32,600 --> 00:22:35,960 Speaker 1: using you're harnessing the energy of the sun just sort 387 00:22:35,960 --> 00:22:37,800 Speaker 1: of like you would have a magnifying glass to create 388 00:22:37,840 --> 00:22:41,679 Speaker 1: a very small focal point of extreme heat to catch 389 00:22:41,920 --> 00:22:43,639 Speaker 1: a boat on fire. Right, And this is but this 390 00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:46,960 Speaker 1: is from reflection. You're using mirrors. The more mirrored and 391 00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:51,359 Speaker 1: polished the surfaces, the more um genuinely it reflects the 392 00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:53,960 Speaker 1: original beam of light back. And if you can take 393 00:22:54,040 --> 00:22:58,960 Speaker 1: him and put him in a concave, uh parabola, you 394 00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:00,920 Speaker 1: can focus them all to a point, like you said, 395 00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:04,080 Speaker 1: And when you focus them on to that point, you have, however, 396 00:23:04,160 --> 00:23:09,800 Speaker 1: many little mirrors reflections focus into a beam that you 397 00:23:09,840 --> 00:23:13,920 Speaker 1: can use to set something remotely on fire. Now, did 398 00:23:13,920 --> 00:23:17,520 Speaker 1: they have magnifying glasses at the time. They have mirrord surfaces, No, 399 00:23:17,560 --> 00:23:20,920 Speaker 1: not mirrored, but did they have magnifying glasses they didn't 400 00:23:21,040 --> 00:23:24,399 Speaker 1: know they would have used mirrors. No, No, I'm not 401 00:23:24,440 --> 00:23:26,600 Speaker 1: saying that. I'm asking if they had magnified glasses at 402 00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:30,240 Speaker 1: the time. I don't believe. So, Okay, it's possible, because 403 00:23:30,440 --> 00:23:34,040 Speaker 1: my I was wondering, if it's so much better than mirrors, 404 00:23:34,119 --> 00:23:36,560 Speaker 1: why wouldn't they have used magnified glasses. And my only 405 00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:38,480 Speaker 1: thing I'd come up with is maybe they didn't have 406 00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:40,639 Speaker 1: them at the time. I don't know. I don't know 407 00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:43,200 Speaker 1: how old magnifying glasses are it seems like that's something 408 00:23:43,240 --> 00:23:47,040 Speaker 1: that would be pretty old. Yeah, you know, I don't know, 409 00:23:47,080 --> 00:23:49,720 Speaker 1: I'll look it up. Did they have they had glass 410 00:23:49,760 --> 00:23:55,080 Speaker 1: back then? Right, surely, well if they had mirrors. Oh yeah, alright, 411 00:23:55,119 --> 00:23:57,000 Speaker 1: So we did a podcast on mirrors. That was a 412 00:23:57,000 --> 00:23:59,520 Speaker 1: good one. Yeah, surprisingly good one. Remember all the weird 413 00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:02,800 Speaker 1: little fat x about mirrors. Pretty cool. They're creepy things. Yeah, 414 00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:05,800 Speaker 1: and the more highly polished, we learned, the uh more 415 00:24:05,920 --> 00:24:09,120 Speaker 1: energy they can bounce back at you. So that's what 416 00:24:09,760 --> 00:24:12,959 Speaker 1: Archimedes used. Yeah, if you're using sunlight, sunlight has with 417 00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:16,919 Speaker 1: a heat energy, so you're bouncing heat energy back. And again, 418 00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:19,639 Speaker 1: if you use a parabola with a bunch of different mirrors, 419 00:24:19,640 --> 00:24:22,159 Speaker 1: you can concentrate that heat energy into one little spot 420 00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:26,520 Speaker 1: and you can hit something and set it on fire, 421 00:24:26,760 --> 00:24:30,719 Speaker 1: especially a wooden romanship. Yeah, and legend has it that 422 00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:34,560 Speaker 1: he burned a lot of them there in the Mediterranean Sea. Uh. 423 00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:37,000 Speaker 1: They were parked anywhere from two hundred to a thousand 424 00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:39,640 Speaker 1: feet away and he burned them all or not all, 425 00:24:39,680 --> 00:24:41,480 Speaker 1: but enough to where they were like, we're getting out 426 00:24:41,480 --> 00:24:43,199 Speaker 1: of here because I don't know what this death ray is, 427 00:24:43,600 --> 00:24:47,000 Speaker 1: but it sucks. So, like you said, some people have 428 00:24:47,080 --> 00:24:51,119 Speaker 1: tried to recreate this um. In addition to Eric Jacques 429 00:24:51,160 --> 00:24:54,879 Speaker 1: Maine Um of Indiana, a group of M I. T 430 00:24:55,080 --> 00:25:00,040 Speaker 1: scientists created one in two thousand five, I think, and 431 00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:04,879 Speaker 1: they it was a ten ft version of a Roman ship, 432 00:25:05,400 --> 00:25:07,840 Speaker 1: just basically like the side of one, made of red 433 00:25:07,840 --> 00:25:12,920 Speaker 1: oak and um. They used a hundred and twenty seven 434 00:25:12,960 --> 00:25:16,040 Speaker 1: one ft square flat mirrors arranged in a prebble. And 435 00:25:16,080 --> 00:25:18,800 Speaker 1: there's video of this on the web too. So it 436 00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:22,399 Speaker 1: word caught it on fire, Yeah, after ten minutes of 437 00:25:22,760 --> 00:25:27,280 Speaker 1: sunlight uninterrupted by clouds. But that raises some issues here. Um, 438 00:25:27,400 --> 00:25:31,080 Speaker 1: this boat was stationary. It was just like basically a 439 00:25:31,080 --> 00:25:33,080 Speaker 1: a beam of wood was on top of the on 440 00:25:33,119 --> 00:25:35,520 Speaker 1: the roof of a building and not in the sea. Yeah, 441 00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:38,640 Speaker 1: and it wasn't moving. So if you are if your 442 00:25:38,680 --> 00:25:42,400 Speaker 1: target is a boat, it's gonna move in the ocean. 443 00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:44,679 Speaker 1: It's gonna have some sort of motion in the ocean. 444 00:25:45,600 --> 00:25:49,760 Speaker 1: And um, that's gonna make the area that you're beams 445 00:25:49,800 --> 00:25:52,040 Speaker 1: hitting kind of jump all over the place. Well. Yeah, 446 00:25:52,040 --> 00:25:53,800 Speaker 1: and the whole key to the death ray was you 447 00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:56,280 Speaker 1: gotta have that fixed. It's got to sit there long 448 00:25:56,400 --> 00:25:58,560 Speaker 1: enough to heat up. And if it's moving all over 449 00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:01,600 Speaker 1: the place. It's not gonna be effect although I bet 450 00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:03,480 Speaker 1: some dudes on the boat as it passed by them 451 00:26:04,320 --> 00:26:07,560 Speaker 1: were like, ah right, you know yeah, if you go, 452 00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:13,600 Speaker 1: um the sovereign building, just one building over, it has 453 00:26:13,760 --> 00:26:18,199 Speaker 1: um a bit of a convex or concave surface, and 454 00:26:18,240 --> 00:26:21,040 Speaker 1: if you stand where it's reflecting that light, it is 455 00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:25,080 Speaker 1: way hotter really than just like a foot over foot 456 00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:28,200 Speaker 1: over this week just on the side one just dangerous. 457 00:26:28,280 --> 00:26:31,720 Speaker 1: Good check it out. I don't know if it's dangerous, 458 00:26:31,760 --> 00:26:36,920 Speaker 1: it's uncomfortable for sure. So some other dudes called the MythBusters. 459 00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:42,960 Speaker 1: Is that I was prounced MythBuster meath Meathbusters uh tried 460 00:26:43,040 --> 00:26:47,520 Speaker 1: twice in seasons one and three, and both times they 461 00:26:47,560 --> 00:26:50,920 Speaker 1: declared it busted because they could not recreate the death 462 00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:53,679 Speaker 1: ray of Archimedes. But again the m I T Group 463 00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:56,480 Speaker 1: was able to recreate it, and a Greek researcher in 464 00:26:57,720 --> 00:26:59,439 Speaker 1: that's the one to me because he actually did that 465 00:26:59,520 --> 00:27:01,920 Speaker 1: on a boat in the water. Yeah, he he set 466 00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:04,880 Speaker 1: some rowboats that were on the water or a robot 467 00:27:04,920 --> 00:27:07,719 Speaker 1: on fire. But the way he got around the motion 468 00:27:07,760 --> 00:27:11,560 Speaker 1: in the ocean was he used like fifty soldiers. He 469 00:27:11,560 --> 00:27:15,080 Speaker 1: had live mirrors. Yeah, that could just adjust their position 470 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:18,800 Speaker 1: slightly to make up for the the ocean's emotion. That's 471 00:27:18,800 --> 00:27:22,920 Speaker 1: pretty good idea. You got how many guys, fifty dudes 472 00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:26,640 Speaker 1: with five ft by three ft mirrors? And I mean 473 00:27:26,640 --> 00:27:28,760 Speaker 1: that's about the simplest way to recreate this. You don't 474 00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:30,960 Speaker 1: have to build something. You just gotta have a lot 475 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:34,960 Speaker 1: of mirrors and a lot of people. Yeah, and some time, right, 476 00:27:35,040 --> 00:27:37,880 Speaker 1: and that's fine, and a Sicilian army that's not doing 477 00:27:37,880 --> 00:27:40,600 Speaker 1: a whole lot, right then, I guess they weren't. So 478 00:27:40,800 --> 00:27:44,359 Speaker 1: it is very possible for our committee's death ray to 479 00:27:44,480 --> 00:27:49,199 Speaker 1: have existed, or for it to have worked. Whether it 480 00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:54,800 Speaker 1: existed or not is highly unlikely. Here's some reasons. Ready, 481 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:58,760 Speaker 1: it was never used again. That's my biggest like sticking 482 00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:01,520 Speaker 1: point is if it was a death ray and it 483 00:28:01,560 --> 00:28:03,720 Speaker 1: worked so well, why didn't they ever use it again? 484 00:28:04,359 --> 00:28:07,600 Speaker 1: Another point, a lot of historians wrote about the Siege 485 00:28:07,600 --> 00:28:12,600 Speaker 1: of Syracuse, they mentioned the iron claw, different historians. Nobody 486 00:28:12,680 --> 00:28:17,119 Speaker 1: mentions the death ray until seven years after it's another 487 00:28:17,160 --> 00:28:21,600 Speaker 1: sticking point. Could have been a h artistic license at work. 488 00:28:21,600 --> 00:28:24,880 Speaker 1: Maybe could have been um. Another thing is that even 489 00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:29,160 Speaker 1: if it had been deployed in the field during the siege, Uh, 490 00:28:29,640 --> 00:28:32,800 Speaker 1: Romans ships all had firefighters aboard, and they wouldn't have 491 00:28:32,840 --> 00:28:35,040 Speaker 1: been too terribly threatened by something that caused like a 492 00:28:35,119 --> 00:28:38,600 Speaker 1: smoldering fire that they could easily get to and put out. 493 00:28:38,640 --> 00:28:40,400 Speaker 1: All you had to do is splash some water on 494 00:28:40,680 --> 00:28:43,000 Speaker 1: that area and it would just completely undo any of 495 00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:47,720 Speaker 1: the heat that you've generated in that spot. Hey, Hercules, 496 00:28:47,760 --> 00:28:52,160 Speaker 1: go pe on that exactly. Hercules, like, I compete on 497 00:28:52,240 --> 00:29:00,320 Speaker 1: that plenty. That's my hercules and nice. Uh are those 498 00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:03,440 Speaker 1: all the reasons that they Oh, there's a whole list 499 00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:08,760 Speaker 1: of them. There's military practical, all sorts of reasons why 500 00:29:08,800 --> 00:29:12,720 Speaker 1: it probably didn't exist. I'm surprised that some modern military 501 00:29:12,760 --> 00:29:16,360 Speaker 1: force hasn't tried to do some sort of version of this, 502 00:29:16,520 --> 00:29:20,080 Speaker 1: you know, like harness the sun to kill. We have 503 00:29:20,160 --> 00:29:24,000 Speaker 1: missiles and guns, so we don't really need the sun. 504 00:29:24,440 --> 00:29:27,520 Speaker 1: He had like logs and Trey Boucher's. Yeah, but like 505 00:29:27,840 --> 00:29:31,600 Speaker 1: you never know what if it was, I'm gonna get 506 00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:33,520 Speaker 1: to work on it. Well, wait a minute, was it 507 00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:37,760 Speaker 1: one of the Superman's that like a satellite like captures 508 00:29:37,760 --> 00:29:40,280 Speaker 1: all the sunlight and then shoots it back. Was it 509 00:29:40,320 --> 00:29:43,160 Speaker 1: a James Bond. There was some movie in like the 510 00:29:43,240 --> 00:29:46,560 Speaker 1: late seventies or early eighties where that happened. Maybe Goldfinger. 511 00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:53,680 Speaker 1: All right, have you to a kill Boy? That one? 512 00:29:53,880 --> 00:30:00,800 Speaker 1: It's a stinker. It's the best one. Roberts with Christopher Walker, great, yeah, 513 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:07,200 Speaker 1: Walking Grace, Grace Slick, No, Grace Jones. Yes, have you 514 00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:10,320 Speaker 1: ever heard her cover of Joy Divisions? She's Lost Control? 515 00:30:10,600 --> 00:30:13,600 Speaker 1: And that was good. It's like a like kind of 516 00:30:13,640 --> 00:30:17,800 Speaker 1: like a reggae dub version of it. It's really good. Yeah, 517 00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:21,760 Speaker 1: she what happened to her? I don't know? She was 518 00:30:21,800 --> 00:30:24,560 Speaker 1: an odd duck, Grace Jones. If you listen to stuff, 519 00:30:24,560 --> 00:30:26,360 Speaker 1: you should know right in and let us know how 520 00:30:26,440 --> 00:30:28,760 Speaker 1: you're doing. Yeah. I mean the last thing I remember 521 00:30:28,760 --> 00:30:32,760 Speaker 1: seeing her and was Boomerang Eddie Murphy movie. Remember she 522 00:30:32,840 --> 00:30:36,440 Speaker 1: wasn't that wasn't She was very funny in that. Actually, yeah, 523 00:30:36,600 --> 00:30:39,520 Speaker 1: she's she's probably pretty cool. I bet she's very cool. 524 00:30:40,120 --> 00:30:43,200 Speaker 1: Uh So that's Grace Jones. It's all there is to it. 525 00:30:43,840 --> 00:30:47,920 Speaker 1: She did exist or did she um? If you want 526 00:30:47,920 --> 00:30:52,240 Speaker 1: to learn more about Grace Jones or the Archimedes death rate, 527 00:30:52,360 --> 00:30:54,560 Speaker 1: you can type Archimedes into the search bar at how 528 00:30:54,600 --> 00:30:57,160 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. And I'm not gonna spell that 529 00:30:57,240 --> 00:30:58,840 Speaker 1: for you. You're gonna have to figure it out yourself. 530 00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:02,480 Speaker 1: And since I said search parts time, then for the 531 00:31:02,520 --> 00:31:10,520 Speaker 1: listener mail, I'm gonna call this uh collagen or weird collagen. Hey, guys, 532 00:31:10,560 --> 00:31:13,200 Speaker 1: I've been listening to your podcasts about broken bones and 533 00:31:13,280 --> 00:31:15,200 Speaker 1: you mentioned the bottle role of collagen in the body. 534 00:31:15,560 --> 00:31:17,840 Speaker 1: I figured to be a perfect opportunity to send in 535 00:31:17,920 --> 00:31:21,480 Speaker 1: this email. I have this weird and rare condition called 536 00:31:21,840 --> 00:31:24,840 Speaker 1: Eller's dan Los syndrome e d S. Have you ever 537 00:31:24,880 --> 00:31:28,080 Speaker 1: heard of that? I didn't. Essentially, it's a defect in 538 00:31:28,080 --> 00:31:31,720 Speaker 1: the makeup of my collagen. It's almost like my collagen 539 00:31:31,880 --> 00:31:35,200 Speaker 1: is chewing gum and keeps stretching and stretching and as 540 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:38,720 Speaker 1: a result, doesn't hold my joints in place. I've had hundreds, 541 00:31:38,840 --> 00:31:43,800 Speaker 1: maybe even thousands of dislocations since it first started affecting 542 00:31:43,800 --> 00:31:46,120 Speaker 1: me badly nine years ago, when I was eleven. Wow, 543 00:31:46,400 --> 00:31:49,320 Speaker 1: every joint in my body has been dislocated at some point, 544 00:31:49,640 --> 00:31:52,360 Speaker 1: the exception of my left elbow. Is it painful? It's 545 00:31:52,360 --> 00:31:55,200 Speaker 1: got to be painful. Wow, we'll find out here in 546 00:31:55,240 --> 00:31:57,520 Speaker 1: a second. There's no cure for the condition, but my 547 00:31:57,600 --> 00:32:01,360 Speaker 1: physiotherapy helps as it allows muscles to build up around 548 00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:04,040 Speaker 1: the joints and stabilize them, thus doing the job that 549 00:32:04,160 --> 00:32:06,560 Speaker 1: college and can't. My e d S is a lot 550 00:32:06,640 --> 00:32:10,720 Speaker 1: better now my shoulders only ever dislocate every few weeks 551 00:32:10,840 --> 00:32:16,400 Speaker 1: or so. Yeah, very tough. It's manageable with medication, and 552 00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:17,880 Speaker 1: I'm proud to say I've made it through my first 553 00:32:17,920 --> 00:32:21,360 Speaker 1: year of university despite these occasional setbacks. It would be 554 00:32:21,360 --> 00:32:22,680 Speaker 1: really cool if you could do a show on e 555 00:32:22,760 --> 00:32:25,200 Speaker 1: d S, as it has a lot of different effects 556 00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:28,720 Speaker 1: on its sufferers and it's pretty interesting. Uh. Finally, I 557 00:32:28,720 --> 00:32:30,840 Speaker 1: want to thank you for providing me with hours and 558 00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:34,040 Speaker 1: hours of entertainment and information during the long nights of 559 00:32:34,080 --> 00:32:37,040 Speaker 1: being kept awake by pain. Oh no, it is painful 560 00:32:37,080 --> 00:32:39,360 Speaker 1: and it's painful. Man, this is rough. I've learned a 561 00:32:39,360 --> 00:32:41,240 Speaker 1: whole lot from you guys, and you never fail to 562 00:32:41,280 --> 00:32:45,200 Speaker 1: cheer me up. That is from George in Brighton, UK. George, 563 00:32:45,360 --> 00:32:48,960 Speaker 1: you're a tough guy. In congratulations, I'm finishing your first 564 00:32:49,320 --> 00:32:52,720 Speaker 1: year man at college. Yeah, my buddy Dave has a 565 00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:56,520 Speaker 1: shoulder that dislocates quite a bit, or not quite a bit, 566 00:32:56,560 --> 00:33:00,160 Speaker 1: but it happened five or six times since I've known him. 567 00:33:00,200 --> 00:33:03,160 Speaker 1: Like George's not like George. Every couple of weeks is 568 00:33:03,200 --> 00:33:06,040 Speaker 1: good for George. Yeah, hats off to you, George. Heck yeah, 569 00:33:06,520 --> 00:33:08,280 Speaker 1: uh maybe we will do an E D Yester morn. 570 00:33:08,360 --> 00:33:11,040 Speaker 1: We have to look it up. If you want to 571 00:33:11,040 --> 00:33:13,600 Speaker 1: tell us about a condition you have and ask us 572 00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:16,000 Speaker 1: to do a podcast on it, there's nothing wrong with that. 573 00:33:17,360 --> 00:33:19,880 Speaker 1: You can tweet to us at our Twitter handle it's 574 00:33:19,920 --> 00:33:22,600 Speaker 1: a s y s K podcast. You can hang out 575 00:33:22,640 --> 00:33:25,320 Speaker 1: with us on our Facebook page. That would be Facebook 576 00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:27,880 Speaker 1: dot com slash w Should Know. You can send us 577 00:33:27,880 --> 00:33:31,160 Speaker 1: an email to Stuff Podcast at Discovery dot com, and 578 00:33:31,240 --> 00:33:34,520 Speaker 1: you can check out our super awesome website called stuff 579 00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:52,720 Speaker 1: you Should Know dot com. Brought to you by the 580 00:33:52,760 --> 00:33:54,960 Speaker 1: all new teen Toyota Corolla