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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the all new Toyota Corolla. Welcome

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Speaker 1: to Stuff You Should Know from House Stuff Works dot com. Hey,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles W.

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Speaker 1: Chuck Bryant, and this is Stuff you Should Know, the

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Speaker 1: Overly Hot Studio Edition. I have a bit of a chill. No,

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Speaker 1: you don't, I do. I'm not at all hot. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: You also said that it hurt when our new coworker

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Speaker 1: shook your hand. So what does that say that it

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Speaker 1: is a strong hand shape. Okay, and you're always cold? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's always lamps in here. Well, Jerry's decorated. It's nice.

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Speaker 1: It is nice. It's just like an Ikea cattalog. That's right. Um, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: how many times have you been to Egypt? Um? Kinding

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Speaker 1: that trip in high school? Zero? Same here? Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: yet we know an awful lot about Egypt. Yeah, it's popular,

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Speaker 1: especially ancient Egypt. Like I would wager that we probably

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Speaker 1: know more about ancient Egypt than modern Egypt most people

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Speaker 1: in the West. Yeah, is there a modern Egypt? There is?

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Speaker 1: And uh, it's undergoing quite a bit of turmoil right now. Um, Okay,

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Speaker 1: I just wanted to make sure that you knew that

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Speaker 1: Egypt was still around. Kay Um. Well, the reason that

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Speaker 1: you and I know a lot about Egypt is thanks

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Speaker 1: to a soft science one of the humanities. You would

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Speaker 1: call it um called egyptology, pretty on the nose name

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Speaker 1: for the study of ancient Egypt. It's a real popular

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Speaker 1: thing and has been for a while a while, but

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Speaker 1: not too terribly long, I would say, about the beginning

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Speaker 1: of the nineteenth century. Uh. And the reason that all

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Speaker 1: of it was foster than that all of it came

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Speaker 1: about and that we you and me know about Egypt

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Speaker 1: was because of the discovery of a tablet known as

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Speaker 1: the Rosetta stone. Right. But you can also go back

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Speaker 1: even further and make the case that if it wasn't

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Speaker 1: for Napoleon Bonaparte, we may not understand Egypt to this day. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that little guy, he wasn't that little though, is that right? Right?

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Speaker 1: He was average height? Why why does why do people

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Speaker 1: say that? Then? Where that come from? Because some doctor

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Speaker 1: wrote down I think upon his death that he was

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Speaker 1: five ft two. But what a lot of people don't

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Speaker 1: realize is that the doctor was using the French inch,

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Speaker 1: which is longer than the British Imperial inch. So when

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Speaker 1: you translate five ft two from the French inch to

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Speaker 1: the imperial he was about five six, which is average height.

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Speaker 1: And uh. The other reason why he was called like

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Speaker 1: the little Emperor by his armies was because compared to

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Speaker 1: most of his bodyguards and his people he had around him,

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Speaker 1: he was shorter than them. Yeah. I guess when you're

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Speaker 1: five six, he wants some six four dudes or on you. Right. So,

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Speaker 1: but the idea that he was a very short man

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Speaker 1: is is not correct. Yeah, I'd always heard that, but

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Speaker 1: I did another story, the French Inch. There's your band

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Speaker 1: name for the day. Although I typically don't like rhyming names,

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Speaker 1: French inch doesn't rhyme. It's just it sounds similar. I

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Speaker 1: wouldn't call it a rhyme. French and inch, Yeah, French

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Speaker 1: of the e and the eye. Yeah, that's nippicky. Well yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's the vowels that rhyme, that the confidence. Yeah. But

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Speaker 1: if you're Steve Maltmous and you put French at the

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Speaker 1: end of the line and an inch at the end

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Speaker 1: of another, it would be it would be rhymy and

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Speaker 1: you'd sell a lot of records. That's right. Yeah. Um, yeah, Well,

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Speaker 1: there was our pavement reference episode. That's becoming a daily

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Speaker 1: thing too. So you want to get on with this, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: let's do it. We're gonna be talking Rosetta Stone, not

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Speaker 1: the language software, which neither one of us has ever used. No,

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Speaker 1: we're talking about the the real thing, which is actually

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Speaker 1: bigger than I thought. You know, many things are smaller

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Speaker 1: for me, like when you see him in person, Lisa,

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Speaker 1: of course, mona Lisa small. Like I went to England,

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Speaker 1: I was like, big Ben, that ain't so big. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I don't think I had the impression of big Bembo.

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Speaker 1: It's kind of underwhelmed. It definitely didn't seem big. Whereas

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Speaker 1: the Eiffel Tower that was bigger than I thought. That

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Speaker 1: is where I developed a fear of heights that still

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Speaker 1: plagues me to this day. Like it literally happened to

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Speaker 1: me on the Eiffel Tower on the way up. Never

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Speaker 1: had a fear of heights in my entire life. On

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Speaker 1: the way down, I like was hanging on to the

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Speaker 1: fence and it took me forever to get down because

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Speaker 1: I was suddenly deathly afraid of height. Just hit me

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Speaker 1: my brain Uh changed? How old were you? Uh? Seventeen

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Speaker 1: is wow? Yeah? I didn't go up to the top.

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Speaker 1: I probably missed out. I didn't either. It was the

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Speaker 1: first level that got me really wow. Alright, so, um, anyway,

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Speaker 1: where was I going? Oh, it's bigger than I thought

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Speaker 1: it was. It is um black basalt, and it weighs

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Speaker 1: about three quarters of a ton um inches high point

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Speaker 1: five inches wide and twelve inches deep. And it's it's large,

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Speaker 1: it's heavy, it's um. You didn't write this, did you? No? Um,

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Speaker 1: it's about the size of a heavy coffee table. Were

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Speaker 1: you about to make fun of something? I was just

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Speaker 1: gonna say. Whoever wrote this ref referenced an l c

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Speaker 1: D TV of medium size. Yeah, a medium screen l

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Speaker 1: c D television. Oh, by the way, thank you to

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Speaker 1: Teresa Dove fan request. That's who requested this one. Yeah. Okay, so, um,

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Speaker 1: it's larger than I thought. And I learned a lot

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Speaker 1: about this. I thought the Rosetta stone because I'm a dummy.

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Speaker 1: Um was literally like, here's what our alphabet is, and

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Speaker 1: here's what everything means, and now that you found it,

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Speaker 1: you can decipher everything. Yeah. I think I had the

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Speaker 1: same impression as well. Until I read this, I thought

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Speaker 1: it was like created as a key to higher glyphics,

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Speaker 1: not at all. Not so it was a government document. Basically,

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Speaker 1: it's a stella stella. Stella is the plural. And uh,

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Speaker 1: it's not just the Egyptians that use stella stella um.

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Speaker 1: The Mayans have largely been figured out their language has

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Speaker 1: from old stella. Yeah. Um. Well, and that's it. Those

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Speaker 1: are the two that use stella. Yeah. In this case,

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Speaker 1: it's an inscription carved in three different languages, Greek, hieroglyphics

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Speaker 1: and demotic with the t not demonic. Yeah, demotic. But

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Speaker 1: since I'm from the South, I saw it in my tea,

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Speaker 1: so it might sound like I'm saying demonic um. And

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Speaker 1: basically it was in the three languages to ensure that

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Speaker 1: everybody could read it because it was an official government decree.

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Speaker 1: Not super exciting though. No, it wasn't basically what the

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Speaker 1: Rosetta stone says. And like you said, it's in three languages.

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Speaker 1: There's a degree that says um. Essentially that Ptolemy the

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Speaker 1: fifth is a great ruler and he is a righteous

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Speaker 1: worship or of all the right gods. So he's okay

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Speaker 1: in our book. And this decree was made by some

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Speaker 1: priests who gathered at Memphis and they um inscribed the

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Speaker 1: stoner had and inscribed and dated March, and it's not.

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Speaker 1: It doesn't actually say March hieroglyphics. It says eighteen must Shire,

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Speaker 1: which on the Egyptian calendar translates to something like um

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Speaker 1: March uh. And then they got the because somewhere in

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Speaker 1: there the references the ninth year of Ptolemy, the fifth reign,

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Speaker 1: which is about so that's where they got the date

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Speaker 1: from the what we would in the West equate it to. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so um, like we said, it doesn't say anything of

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Speaker 1: particular interest at the time, it was an important message.

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Speaker 1: But it's not the Rosetta stone because of what is

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Speaker 1: transcribed upon that stone. No, it's the fact that it's

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Speaker 1: in three different languages. So there's like you said, hieroglyphics,

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Speaker 1: Demotic and Greek, and hieroglyphics were a sacred um alphabet. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they used that for really important stuff. I didn't know

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Speaker 1: this either. I thought just any old thing they wanted

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Speaker 1: to write was a hieroglyphics. Now that's what they had

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Speaker 1: demiotic for or demotic that was kind of like an

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Speaker 1: abbreviated shorthand more vulgar version of hieroglyphics. Yeah, and in

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Speaker 1: between that was hieratic um, which was slightly more complicated

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Speaker 1: than demotic, but less complicated and not sacred like hieroglyphics. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it was like a kind of a transition between Um

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Speaker 1: demotic and hieroglyphics. Curve right, so you can UM, so

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Speaker 1: you could use um hieratic for like a business transaction.

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Speaker 1: But if you were saying the king is a very

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Speaker 1: righteous ruler and you mentioned the gods, you're to use hieroglyphics.

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Speaker 1: That's so to have it written in Greek UH demotic,

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Speaker 1: which was an offshoot of hieratic, which was an off

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Speaker 1: shoot of hieroglyphics, and UM hieroglyphics. These priests that gathered

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Speaker 1: and issued this decree that was written on the Rosetta stone,

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Speaker 1: they made sure that everyone in Egypt two was literate

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Speaker 1: could read this one way or another. Yeah, And it

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Speaker 1: was sort of not a stroke of luck. I mean,

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Speaker 1: it was just smart thinking at the time, but ended

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Speaker 1: up being a stroke of luck because the three languages,

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Speaker 1: I mean, without that, I don't think we we may

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Speaker 1: have never been able to figure out hieroglyphics. No agreed,

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Speaker 1: And I've been lost forever exactly. Um. And that's that's

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Speaker 1: not the only way that the Rosetta Stone was kind

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Speaker 1: of a bit of fortune. But UM. So the reason

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Speaker 1: that it was lost was up until the fourth century

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Speaker 1: a d any average Egyptian could have read the Rosetta

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Speaker 1: Stone one way or another. But after that the egypt

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Speaker 1: it left the pharonic stage. Cleopatra is the last pharaoh

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Speaker 1: of Egypt, and then it came to be ruled by

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Speaker 1: the Greeks, later on the Romans, the Tlamites, UM, and

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Speaker 1: a bunch of different foreigners or different groups. And with

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Speaker 1: these groups came the introduction of new gods and the

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Speaker 1: suppression of old gods. And since hieroglyphics were um very

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Speaker 1: much religious in nature. They're sacred or holy, but associated

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Speaker 1: with those old gods, hieroglyphics itself came to be cut

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Speaker 1: off stop suppressed. Yeah, especially Christianity. Um. They tended to

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Speaker 1: want to get rid of other competing gods and languages

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Speaker 1: that are tied to those gods. Right, But luckily we

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Speaker 1: still had Demotic, that's right, and Demotic wasn't taboo. UM.

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Speaker 1: That eventually became what's known as Coptic, and Coptic used

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Speaker 1: UM some Greek um and in a little bit of

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Speaker 1: still of the hieroglyphic symbols. So there's still like this,

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Speaker 1: just a little bit, very tenuous link between Coptic and hieroglyphics.

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Speaker 1: But then Coptic is lost, it's pushed out by Arabic,

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Speaker 1: and then that was like way gone, goodbye hieroglyphics. That's it.

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Speaker 1: That was like the hieroglyphics is no longer understood by

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Speaker 1: anyone walking planet Earth. And that means that all of

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Speaker 1: the ancient Egyptian civilization itself was lost thousand years aside

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Speaker 1: from its structures, um, the the thought put into it,

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Speaker 1: the reasoning behind it, all the explanations, all of the inscriptions,

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Speaker 1: all the writing all over these ancient buildings are understood

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Speaker 1: by no one now. And then as a result of that,

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Speaker 1: the buildings themselves, the last vestiges of this ancient civilization,

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Speaker 1: are deconstructed and used for the next wave by new rulers,

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Speaker 1: and so ancient Egyptian culture is lost to the mists

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Speaker 1: of time. Yeah, wow, thanks very nice. Yeah, there was

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Speaker 1: no love lost. They were basically like, we don't need

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Speaker 1: this language anymore, we don't need these sacred buildings anymore.

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Speaker 1: They're pagan anyway. Yeah, let's tear them all down, build

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Speaker 1: up new ones. And oddly, the Rosetta stone was actually

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Speaker 1: used as a buttress in a wall of a new building. Yes,

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Speaker 1: so part of the construction. Right, that's how this is

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Speaker 1: another way that this is all just stroke of luck

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Speaker 1: after stroke of luck. So the first stroke of luck,

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Speaker 1: as you pointed out, is that they just happened to

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Speaker 1: decree that this thing be written in three languages, same

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Speaker 1: message in three languages. Then it's used for a building

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Speaker 1: a wall, right, Yeah, Then it happens to be discovered

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Speaker 1: by some French who are marooned in Egypt because they

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Speaker 1: got crushed by the British right when they tried to invade. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I guess let's talk about that person. The French thought, hey,

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Speaker 1: we need to we need to get a stronghold on

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Speaker 1: India eventually, and Napoleon said, I think a good way

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Speaker 1: to do that is to start a little further away,

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Speaker 1: and let's say Egypt. Let's cut off the the Brits

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Speaker 1: access to the Nile River and that will really help

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Speaker 1: our cause. Unfortunately, the Brits at a great navy and

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Speaker 1: pretty much destroyed all their ships and stranded them in

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Speaker 1: Egypt for what nineteen years? Yeah. Yeah. And so for

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Speaker 1: the French, whose ships were now at the bottom of

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Speaker 1: Abu Kir bay Um, they decided that they really kind

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Speaker 1: of needed to set themselves to creating forts, like since

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Speaker 1: we're here, right, um. And it wasn't just military that

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Speaker 1: was there part of this invasion, this um strategy that

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Speaker 1: Napoleon had come up with to take over Egypt, it

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Speaker 1: was kind of a hearts and mind strategy too, and

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Speaker 1: so he created something called the Institute of Egypt, also

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Speaker 1: known as the Scientific and Artistic Commission uh mineral a.

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Speaker 1: Just mathematicians, art historians, a lot of engineers, chemists, all

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Speaker 1: of like, all of these people from the letters and

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Speaker 1: sciences UM brought together to understand and study Egypt. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they were actually given military rank, but they weren't. I

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Speaker 1: think that was just more of a here just so

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Speaker 1: we'll call you military, Like, they weren't from military backgrounds,

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Speaker 1: so they were thinkers. But they were among this invading

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Speaker 1: force that was left stranded in France. So as the

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Speaker 1: real military guys were billing the forts, the people from

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Speaker 1: the Institute Egypt starts studying Egypt. Yeah, I guess they

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Speaker 1: were the first Egyptologist. Yeah, boy, it was close. Uh,

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Speaker 1: they definitely were. Uh, and it was very covert operation,

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Speaker 1: like they weren't really allowed to talk about what they

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Speaker 1: were doing that much except to just say, hey, we're

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Speaker 1: following Napoleon's orders, acting on behalf of the good of

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Speaker 1: the French Republic. This is what we're doing. Don't ask

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Speaker 1: any questions, yeah, that's what. Don't ask why I have

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Speaker 1: this measuring tape out or why I'm transcribing things from papyrus.

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Speaker 1: But they did, um, they did become I guess embedded

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Speaker 1: with the local population as well to help learn as

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Speaker 1: much as they could. And so it's under this climate

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Speaker 1: that French soldier one day, um finds this very polished

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Speaker 1: black stone that's inscribed and something about it told him

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Speaker 1: that it was pretty important. So we took it to

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Speaker 1: these um early egyptologists, the French, and said, you guys

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Speaker 1: think this is important and they said yes, yeah. That

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Speaker 1: was Lieutenant Pierre Francois Bouchard, and uh, he took it

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Speaker 1: to his boss and they they said, okay, this is

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Speaker 1: weird that this is built into a wall, but it's

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Speaker 1: clearly something of note and maybe we should take a

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Speaker 1: closer look at it, and UM, immediately they started to

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Speaker 1: get to work on trying to transcribe it. Super difficult

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Speaker 1: at the time, UM, and would prove to be difficult

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Speaker 1: over the years. UM. It eventually ended up in the

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Speaker 1: hands of England, of course, but luckily these uh, the

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Speaker 1: Institute of Egypt people made copies of it. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: think that like etchings or in the plaster molds and things.

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Speaker 1: I'm sure, yeah, But they had readable copies of the

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Speaker 1: Rosetta Stone, so when they did give it up to

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Speaker 1: the British, it wasn't entirely lost to them, that's right,

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Speaker 1: and give it up as in not here have this.

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Speaker 1: It was more like here, we're taking this in the

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Speaker 1: Treaty of Alexandria. We're gonna take this in a bunch

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Speaker 1: of other stuff. So now basically you have the French

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Speaker 1: and the British both have the Rosetta Stone. The one

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Speaker 1: group that doesn't are the Egyptians. We'll get to that later. UM.

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Speaker 1: And both of them recognized that this is a very

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Speaker 1: very important something. They know that it's some sort of decree.

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Speaker 1: They recognize that it's in three different languages, and I

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Speaker 1: think it becomes obvious to them that this could be

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Speaker 1: the key to understanding hieroglyphics, which people have tried to understand.

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Speaker 1: This is not new people going back to a fellow

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Speaker 1: named um Horapolo, who was a fifth century scholar. Supposedly

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Speaker 1: he may not have actually existed. Um he created basically

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Speaker 1: what was a translation for hieroglyphics, right, but it was

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Speaker 1: a false translation, as we'll see. But you know, dating

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Speaker 1: back basically from the moment that hieroglyphics were lost to history,

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Speaker 1: people have tried to understand them. So these this this

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Speaker 1: was the British and the French were aware of this,

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Speaker 1: like this may be the key to these mysterious hieroglyphics,

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Speaker 1: and this is important, so we're going to try to

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Speaker 1: translate it. Yeah. Well it became a race really because

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Speaker 1: they didn't like each other very much and they both

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Speaker 1: wanted to be the first ones to figure out what

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Speaker 1: these hieroglyphics meant and how to unlock this history and

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Speaker 1: um so they sent their best, in their brightest on

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Speaker 1: the English side, the British side, it was a scholar

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Speaker 1: named Thomas Young, and then on the French side we

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Speaker 1: had Jean Francois Champollon who he was sort of born

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Speaker 1: to do this. Apparently he was way into Egypt as

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Speaker 1: a kid even and as a young child said I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna I'm gonna figure out hieroglyphics one day. Yeah. He

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Speaker 1: was even called the Egyptian because he had dark skin

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Speaker 1: and dark hair. And um, I think a magician like

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Speaker 1: foretold his fame one day. Yeah, when he was born.

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Speaker 1: Supposedly a magician said this guy's can be famous, and

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Speaker 1: and he was and um, yeah, he was a very

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Speaker 1: talented linguist. He studied under a guy named Um Sylvester

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Speaker 1: de Sassy. Yeah, Antoine Isaac Sylvester de Saucy. Uh he um,

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Speaker 1: who would take a crack at the Rosetta stone. But

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Speaker 1: he trained uh Champolion. Is that how we're saying it. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: sure he trained him. Um, but Champolion quickly became went

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Speaker 1: from student to master. He applied for he applied to

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Speaker 1: be a student at an institute in Paris, and they

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Speaker 1: were impressed enough with his application that they said, how

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Speaker 1: about you just skipped the school part and come beyond

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Speaker 1: the faculty. That's pretty good. Yeah, that's a talented linguist. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: They did the same thing when I applied to Georgia.

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Speaker 1: Is that right? Like you just want to go and

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Speaker 1: be an English teacher? Na, Oh really you turned it down. Huh. Sure,

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Speaker 1: I wanted to be a student. Oh gotcha. Um. So

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Speaker 1: before all this happens, Um, we we have the Greek

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Speaker 1: inscription transcribed, which that was Reverend Stephen Watson in eighteen

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Speaker 1: o two. And I don't want to say it was

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Speaker 1: no big deal, but there were quite a few people

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Speaker 1: that could have done this. It wasn't like unlocking hieroglyphics,

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Speaker 1: but it was a necessary part of the process. Right,

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Speaker 1: So we want to give him his due. So we

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Speaker 1: have a we have a translation and accurate translation of

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Speaker 1: what the says exactly. So that's step one. And if

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Speaker 1: you have one translated, then if you're a linguist, I guess.

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Speaker 1: I mean it sounds really difficult to do too. I

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Speaker 1: mean it's I can't imagine the painstaking the process of

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Speaker 1: figuring out and alphabet. Yeah, I mean, I think about

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Speaker 1: how hard it is to translate a well known language

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Speaker 1: and a language that you speak. Imagine translating uh, language

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Speaker 1: that's totally lost into something understandable. Um. So we had

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Speaker 1: the Greek and then eventually we had the demotic as well. Um. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: thanks to Yeah Antoine Uh and that same year at

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Speaker 1: the same time as Swedish diplomat named Aker balade Um

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Speaker 1: also translated the demotic um and they both went about

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Speaker 1: it two different ways. I thought this was pretty interesting. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so do saucy Um figured out that there were two

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Speaker 1: proper names at least in there, Ptolemy and Alexander, and

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Speaker 1: he used those two match up sounds and symbols. Um

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Speaker 1: Awker Blode probably had the bigger breakthrough. He used a

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Speaker 1: different technique. He recognized that there was something similar between

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Speaker 1: demotic and coptic, and he was well schooled and coptic,

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Speaker 1: which helped obviously. Yeah, that that was his big breakthrough.

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Speaker 1: He he figured out what words spelled love, temple, and Greek,

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Speaker 1: and he used that to form basically this rough uh

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Speaker 1: structure for Demotic based on his awareness of coptic. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's only eleven letters. It's pretty impressive. Yeah, but I mean,

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Speaker 1: if you've got eleven letters, it's a decent I think

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Speaker 1: they called it a skeletal outline. I guess that's what

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Speaker 1: you'd have. Well, yeah, I mean, especially since Coptic was

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Speaker 1: only what twenty two plus a couple more from hieroglyphics.

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Speaker 1: It's like a big wheel of fortune game. Yes after that, right.

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Speaker 1: So the thing is though, this established connection now between

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Speaker 1: coptic and demotic and then demonic and hieroglyphics, since they're

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Speaker 1: side by side, that kind of opened up this meant

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Speaker 1: reality that would be needed to finally crack the hieroglyphics

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Speaker 1: for for um, the Rosetta stone. And Thomas Young was

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Speaker 1: the first to really try it. He was the British guy,

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Speaker 1: and he got somewhat far, but he gave up. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he in eighteen fourteen. His big breakthrough was figuring out

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Speaker 1: what a cartouche was, and that is um, it's they

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Speaker 1: say oval, but it's a little more squared away with

361
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Speaker 1: round edges, but it's a loop basically with hieroglyphic characters

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Speaker 1: in it. And he figured out that these are not

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Speaker 1: only proper names, but royal names. Anything in pain and

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Speaker 1: containing a cartouche is a royal name, which was a

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Speaker 1: big breakthrough because he identified Tolemy, the pharaoh's name in

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Speaker 1: one of the car cartouches cartouche cartouches, and uh, his

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Speaker 1: Queen Baronica was in there as well, so he said

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Speaker 1: you know what again, I've got these two names now

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Speaker 1: to work with hum but he was still working on

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Speaker 1: Roppolo's false premise that hieroglyphics was not phonetic in nature

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Speaker 1: and that it was based just on symbols. Right, That's

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Speaker 1: what Horopolo's big contribution was to confuse a centuries worth

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Speaker 1: of scholars bad for young because he was onto something

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Speaker 1: and if he wasn't using that the fake or or

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Speaker 1: not fake but just the poor system, then he might

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Speaker 1: have figured it out. Right. So this is the thing

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Speaker 1: like everyone believed for Apolo, because Popolo claimed that his

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Speaker 1: translation was a direct translation from hieroglyphic. It was written

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Speaker 1: in the fifth century a d. Right around the time

380
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Speaker 1: we lost hieroglyphics, so it was considered to be a

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Speaker 1: primary source and basically completely reasonable. Yeah, but it was wrong.

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Speaker 1: It was wrong because it said that hieroglyphics are symbolic.

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Speaker 1: So like, if you see a cart a picture that

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Speaker 1: looks like a cart next to a cat and then

385
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Speaker 1: a lizard, what that should say under a Hiropolos translation

386
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Speaker 1: is cart, cat lizard. This kept throwing everybody off because

387
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Speaker 1: it didn't make sense, especially right, especially when compared to

388
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Speaker 1: the Greek translation and the translation of Demotic that didn't

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Speaker 1: make any sense whatsoever. So, like you said, Young gave up,

390
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Speaker 1: but he published his findings, and you can really strongly

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Speaker 1: make a case that had it not been for Young's breakthrough, Uh,

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Speaker 1: Champolion would not have cracked the Rosetta Stone. No, which

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Speaker 1: uh we should mention here that like they should just

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Speaker 1: accept each other as as co workers and colleagues and

395
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Speaker 1: get along. But there was a competition that exists to

396
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Speaker 1: this day of who what country claims that they translated

397
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Speaker 1: the Rosetta Stone. The French still say that Champagnan was

398
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Speaker 1: really the one. The Brits obviously say no, it was

399
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Speaker 1: really Young. And even when they displayed it in nineteen

400
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Speaker 1: seventy two with the one of the times it's left

401
00:25:00,920 --> 00:25:04,679
Speaker 1: England or maybe the only time they let France display

402
00:25:04,720 --> 00:25:09,119
Speaker 1: it for like a year, um, they argued about the

403
00:25:09,119 --> 00:25:11,919
Speaker 1: size of the photos of the two on both sides

404
00:25:11,960 --> 00:25:14,320
Speaker 1: of it, when in fact the photos were the same

405
00:25:14,359 --> 00:25:19,160
Speaker 1: size of Young and Champion. Yeah, not photos but portraits. Yeah.

406
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Speaker 1: But the French were like, well, no, Young's is bigger.

407
00:25:21,359 --> 00:25:23,840
Speaker 1: The Brits were like, no, his is bigger, And they

408
00:25:23,880 --> 00:25:26,040
Speaker 1: were the same size, so they were really just they

409
00:25:26,080 --> 00:25:29,560
Speaker 1: never came to a common ground on who did it,

410
00:25:29,560 --> 00:25:31,720
Speaker 1: when in fact they both did. And there were rumors

411
00:25:31,760 --> 00:25:35,639
Speaker 1: apparently during that time that France was gonna to steal

412
00:25:35,640 --> 00:25:37,480
Speaker 1: the Rosetta stone and keep it and not turn it

413
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Speaker 1: back to England. And this is in the nineteen seventies,

414
00:25:39,480 --> 00:25:42,159
Speaker 1: so it's not like a long time ago. Um. So

415
00:25:42,320 --> 00:25:45,400
Speaker 1: Champagnon picked up in eighteen fourteen where Young left off

416
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Speaker 1: and started to think, you know what, I need to

417
00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:52,760
Speaker 1: think more about this, this simple thing that Harapolo like,

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Speaker 1: I don't know if he he was on base after all.

419
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Speaker 1: And that was actually the breakthrough he um. He got

420
00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:03,359
Speaker 1: some old cartouches and he figured out, um, that the

421
00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:05,680
Speaker 1: last two letters and one of them were identical. So

422
00:26:06,600 --> 00:26:08,480
Speaker 1: that's a good thing because you know that it's the

423
00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:10,840
Speaker 1: same letter. He figured out that it was the letter

424
00:26:11,119 --> 00:26:14,480
Speaker 1: S and um. Then the first character was a circle,

425
00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:17,639
Speaker 1: and he said, maybe that's the sun and in ancient Egypt,

426
00:26:17,680 --> 00:26:21,280
Speaker 1: the sun god was raw and coptic. Yeah, and so

427
00:26:21,880 --> 00:26:26,280
Speaker 1: basically figured out that that name was Ramseys. Yeah. Then

428
00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:28,359
Speaker 1: that was a huge breakthrough. He figured out the the

429
00:26:28,440 --> 00:26:31,840
Speaker 1: identical letters, the last two were S S, the first

430
00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:34,199
Speaker 1: one was raw and since he knew that it was

431
00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:37,320
Speaker 1: in a cartouche, that it was a royal name from

432
00:26:37,359 --> 00:26:39,880
Speaker 1: that era, the only person it could have been was Ramsey.

433
00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:42,840
Speaker 1: So that's how we cracked the code like you say yea,

434
00:26:42,880 --> 00:26:46,320
Speaker 1: and cracked it in like, hey, this is a phonetic thing.

435
00:26:46,640 --> 00:26:49,520
Speaker 1: He was wrong the whole time, and apparently he fainted

436
00:26:49,560 --> 00:26:53,399
Speaker 1: on the spot, which is dramatic, kind of cute. He

437
00:26:53,520 --> 00:26:59,400
Speaker 1: was French. Sure. Um. So out of that moment, Egyptology

438
00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:01,879
Speaker 1: was fully born, Like now we had a way to

439
00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:05,320
Speaker 1: understand all this stuff that hadn't been destroyed and re

440
00:27:05,560 --> 00:27:08,160
Speaker 1: used as building material. Just took a long time though.

441
00:27:08,160 --> 00:27:10,640
Speaker 1: It wasn't like they could just read it. It still

442
00:27:10,680 --> 00:27:13,520
Speaker 1: took a lot of translating. Oh yeah, but they had

443
00:27:13,520 --> 00:27:17,600
Speaker 1: the basis. Um. Yeah, all they've done is transcribe one

444
00:27:17,720 --> 00:27:22,280
Speaker 1: single stella. They had millennia worth of things to like

445
00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:29,000
Speaker 1: papyrus is and papyri um and building inscriptions and sarcopha

446
00:27:29,040 --> 00:27:34,080
Speaker 1: guy and all that letters. Yeah whatever. Yeah, um, And

447
00:27:34,160 --> 00:27:38,800
Speaker 1: so Egyptology is born. And now that it's understood, at

448
00:27:38,800 --> 00:27:42,560
Speaker 1: that moment, there's also a great desire to protect Egypt

449
00:27:42,880 --> 00:27:45,000
Speaker 1: and all of its treasures. Yeah, and to get things

450
00:27:45,119 --> 00:27:47,760
Speaker 1: right because previous to that in Napoleon and gang did

451
00:27:47,800 --> 00:27:50,920
Speaker 1: a pretty good job. But they also speculated a lot. Yeah,

452
00:27:50,920 --> 00:27:53,080
Speaker 1: because they couldn't read hyard glyphics. Yeah, so they ended

453
00:27:53,160 --> 00:27:55,080
Speaker 1: up correcting a lot of things about what they thought

454
00:27:55,119 --> 00:27:58,960
Speaker 1: about Egypt. And Um, like you said, they wanted to

455
00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:02,680
Speaker 1: protect things because Egypt at the time was I mean,

456
00:28:02,680 --> 00:28:05,359
Speaker 1: they were selling these things off to collectors left and

457
00:28:05,440 --> 00:28:07,879
Speaker 1: right because a they did another true value and be

458
00:28:08,960 --> 00:28:11,359
Speaker 1: there was a market for it. Sure, doctors during the

459
00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:15,000
Speaker 1: Middle Ages who were just big dummies would use mummies

460
00:28:15,040 --> 00:28:17,679
Speaker 1: from Egypt. Uh, they grind it up and use it

461
00:28:17,720 --> 00:28:22,080
Speaker 1: to cure disease, which didn't work. Um. And so there

462
00:28:22,160 --> 00:28:30,280
Speaker 1: was this move to protect Egyptian antiquities from Egyptians. There

463
00:28:30,320 --> 00:28:33,959
Speaker 1: was kind of this patriarchal mentality, especially among the British,

464
00:28:34,160 --> 00:28:36,600
Speaker 1: that we need to get everything out of Egypt and

465
00:28:36,680 --> 00:28:39,680
Speaker 1: into museums and into like the hands of us who

466
00:28:39,680 --> 00:28:42,600
Speaker 1: will preserve them and not sell them to Middle Age

467
00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:48,720
Speaker 1: or Middle Middle Ages doctors for cure alls. But to

468
00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:53,640
Speaker 1: his credit, in my opinion, Champoleon argued very strongly in

469
00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:57,600
Speaker 1: favor of keeping them in founding a museum in Egypt

470
00:28:57,720 --> 00:29:00,400
Speaker 1: to store these keeping them in Egypt. Yeah. I think

471
00:29:00,440 --> 00:29:02,680
Speaker 1: he was a little bit of a control freak, like

472
00:29:02,760 --> 00:29:04,400
Speaker 1: he knew that he could care for things in the

473
00:29:04,440 --> 00:29:07,520
Speaker 1: proper way and he I don't think he trusted even

474
00:29:07,560 --> 00:29:09,680
Speaker 1: other museums at the time to care for things in

475
00:29:09,720 --> 00:29:11,040
Speaker 1: the right way. And he was kind of right because

476
00:29:11,080 --> 00:29:13,480
Speaker 1: a lot of it was destroyed. Yeah, Like apparently to

477
00:29:13,640 --> 00:29:16,280
Speaker 1: preserve an ancient papyrus you have to store it in

478
00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:22,560
Speaker 1: a low humidity um area. Yeah, in a chamber and

479
00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:26,880
Speaker 1: in a bamboo box container. And they didn't know this,

480
00:29:26,960 --> 00:29:28,960
Speaker 1: and they shipped them by seed to the UK and

481
00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:33,840
Speaker 1: they all like crumbled the nothingness on the way. Um. Yeah.

482
00:29:34,280 --> 00:29:38,800
Speaker 1: So the Rosettason still sits in the museum in London,

483
00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:41,640
Speaker 1: where it's been since eighteen o two, except for the

484
00:29:41,640 --> 00:29:44,120
Speaker 1: time it went to France briefly. Uh. And in two

485
00:29:44,120 --> 00:29:47,800
Speaker 1: thousand three Egypt it was like, you know what, I

486
00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:51,400
Speaker 1: want this thing back, not I we want this thing

487
00:29:51,440 --> 00:29:54,600
Speaker 1: back and it's ours and it's I don't care who

488
00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:58,400
Speaker 1: found it, it's ours. And England said in two thousand

489
00:29:58,480 --> 00:30:02,600
Speaker 1: five took him two years to build a replica and say, hey,

490
00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:05,080
Speaker 1: how about this, this is just like it I guess

491
00:30:05,160 --> 00:30:08,280
Speaker 1: at least they didn't try to pass it off. Well, yeah,

492
00:30:08,320 --> 00:30:11,680
Speaker 1: that's true. UM sind him a replica and they're like,

493
00:30:11,960 --> 00:30:14,240
Speaker 1: I appreciate this, this is nice, but we really would

494
00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:18,200
Speaker 1: like the real thing. And England said no, and not

495
00:30:18,360 --> 00:30:21,320
Speaker 1: just England, but a lot of the big museums, the

496
00:30:21,400 --> 00:30:25,120
Speaker 1: LOUVERA and UM, a bunch of the world museums kind

497
00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:28,560
Speaker 1: of all got together in support of one another and said,

498
00:30:28,600 --> 00:30:33,000
Speaker 1: you know what repaid repatriotation is. We're not into it.

499
00:30:34,200 --> 00:30:36,280
Speaker 1: We're just not gonna give things back anymore because we

500
00:30:36,320 --> 00:30:38,240
Speaker 1: can care for it best. It belongs to the world now.

501
00:30:38,800 --> 00:30:41,360
Speaker 1: And they just sort of banded together and said, we're

502
00:30:41,440 --> 00:30:45,720
Speaker 1: keeping our stuff, and that's I think we're it's probably

503
00:30:45,720 --> 00:30:48,080
Speaker 1: gonna stay. They are trying to get it for a

504
00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:51,480
Speaker 1: I think in two thousand twelve they tried to get

505
00:30:51,520 --> 00:30:54,560
Speaker 1: it for a the grand opening of the Grand Egypt Museum.

506
00:30:54,720 --> 00:30:57,920
Speaker 1: Sounds didn't happen, but even then they said now they

507
00:30:58,040 --> 00:31:01,280
Speaker 1: wanted for like three weeks and they said nope, under

508
00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:03,400
Speaker 1: the guys of I don't know if it's guys, but

509
00:31:03,400 --> 00:31:05,560
Speaker 1: they said, would be too dangerous to transport it. That's

510
00:31:05,560 --> 00:31:09,240
Speaker 1: the story they have at least well. Yeah, uh so

511
00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:15,880
Speaker 1: that's uh how museums work, pillage and deny village and deny.

512
00:31:16,360 --> 00:31:20,160
Speaker 1: Um you got anything else? That is the Rosetto stone, everybody.

513
00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:21,800
Speaker 1: If you want to learn more about it, you should

514
00:31:21,800 --> 00:31:25,080
Speaker 1: type that word. Those words are O S E T T.

515
00:31:25,320 --> 00:31:28,200
Speaker 1: A stone in the search bar house to works. Uh,

516
00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:30,800
Speaker 1: and it will bring up this article. And since I

517
00:31:30,880 --> 00:31:40,080
Speaker 1: said search bar means it's time for a messagery. Uh, now, Chuck,

518
00:31:40,160 --> 00:31:54,480
Speaker 1: it's time for listener mail. Oh no, how about instead? Okay,

519
00:31:54,640 --> 00:31:56,200
Speaker 1: all right for those of you don't know, this is

520
00:31:56,320 --> 00:31:59,840
Speaker 1: at the point where we read off the people who

521
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:02,160
Speaker 1: we're nice enough to send us little gifts and trinkets

522
00:32:02,160 --> 00:32:07,320
Speaker 1: and music and letters and all sorts of things, and um,

523
00:32:07,480 --> 00:32:10,360
Speaker 1: here we go go ahead, all right, Sarah send us

524
00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:13,960
Speaker 1: some cool graphic prints, one of which was you Can't

525
00:32:13,960 --> 00:32:18,600
Speaker 1: Take the Sky from Me from one of my favorite shows, Firefly. Yeah,

526
00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:22,440
Speaker 1: very cool prints. Uh. Amy sent us a lovely carved

527
00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:26,840
Speaker 1: wooden cicada from Timber Green Woods. Yeah, yeah, it's very cool. Uh.

528
00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:30,000
Speaker 1: And McDonough sent us a snoopy postcard and a handwritten

529
00:32:30,080 --> 00:32:33,680
Speaker 1: letter of things. Very nice. Uh. Liz from New Zealand

530
00:32:33,720 --> 00:32:37,120
Speaker 1: sent us a lot of stuff that's New Zealand candy,

531
00:32:37,320 --> 00:32:42,680
Speaker 1: New Zealand chocolate, New Zealand chifs, surfboard postcard, really lovely

532
00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:47,280
Speaker 1: framed photos from her dad Rudy Goldstein Photography. But on Facebook,

533
00:32:47,520 --> 00:32:51,000
Speaker 1: Uh it's our Goldstein photography, so check it out. Yeah,

534
00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:53,600
Speaker 1: it's very cool. I have those on my desk. Um

535
00:32:53,680 --> 00:32:57,200
Speaker 1: Sean Antonia sent us some custom vinyls, some stickers from

536
00:32:57,240 --> 00:33:00,400
Speaker 1: eight one one Graphics dot com. He and his brother. Yeah,

537
00:33:00,400 --> 00:33:03,680
Speaker 1: I have this company. It's cool stuff like skater style stuff. Right.

538
00:33:04,160 --> 00:33:08,000
Speaker 1: Um buy Costumes dot com. It's b u y Costumes

539
00:33:08,080 --> 00:33:11,360
Speaker 1: dot Com sent us a full size adult gremlin costume

540
00:33:11,840 --> 00:33:15,680
Speaker 1: which Ben Bowling wore all day yesterday in the office here. Yeah,

541
00:33:15,720 --> 00:33:17,280
Speaker 1: Ben Bowling from stuff they don't want you to know

542
00:33:17,320 --> 00:33:20,440
Speaker 1: and car stuff. He's weird. Did you see that? He

543
00:33:20,480 --> 00:33:22,160
Speaker 1: emailed me they did that? Did you actually see that?

544
00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:24,040
Speaker 1: I haven't seen a picture of him yet. I put

545
00:33:24,040 --> 00:33:25,480
Speaker 1: on the hand one day and try to creep out

546
00:33:25,480 --> 00:33:27,600
Speaker 1: strict wind, but he was played. That's not the first

547
00:33:27,640 --> 00:33:32,280
Speaker 1: Grimlin hand I've had him shoulder. Uh. Cat tpe Megan

548
00:33:33,040 --> 00:33:35,560
Speaker 1: sent a cat tpe my way because I have two

549
00:33:35,560 --> 00:33:38,640
Speaker 1: cats and uh my big boy Lauren gets in it now.

550
00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:40,880
Speaker 1: We call it his spirit tent and he just hangs

551
00:33:40,880 --> 00:33:43,200
Speaker 1: out in there, and uh, it's pretty neat. I mean

552
00:33:43,240 --> 00:33:45,320
Speaker 1: it's what you think. It's just like a little small

553
00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:47,960
Speaker 1: TP for your kiddie though. It's very cute. So if

554
00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:51,240
Speaker 1: you have a cat, I would suggest you buying one. Um,

555
00:33:51,400 --> 00:33:53,920
Speaker 1: let's see, Susan sent you a birthday card. It's a

556
00:33:53,960 --> 00:33:57,479
Speaker 1: dog drinking beer. Yeah, yeah, that was nice. Yeah, Kellum

557
00:33:57,480 --> 00:34:00,960
Speaker 1: Clark sent us some T shirts. Um, and he is

558
00:34:01,000 --> 00:34:04,120
Speaker 1: a handyman in Brooklyn, and he gifted us two hours

559
00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:08,640
Speaker 1: of handyman work to give to someone we know in Brooklyn.

560
00:34:08,800 --> 00:34:11,879
Speaker 1: That's very really cool. So I've actually texted our buddy

561
00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:14,799
Speaker 1: Joe Randazzo said, hey, you need any work done, we

562
00:34:14,840 --> 00:34:17,200
Speaker 1: have two three hours of handyman work. So if you're

563
00:34:17,200 --> 00:34:20,040
Speaker 1: in Brooklyn, you can go to not just Handyman dot

564
00:34:20,040 --> 00:34:22,960
Speaker 1: com and uh, give kill him a call. He'll fix

565
00:34:23,000 --> 00:34:26,120
Speaker 1: your sink or do whatever what you need around the house.

566
00:34:26,120 --> 00:34:28,600
Speaker 1: I guess what's he gonna do for I don't know.

567
00:34:28,680 --> 00:34:31,000
Speaker 1: Joe didn't respond. What We'll go to Hodgeman next, I guess,

568
00:34:31,040 --> 00:34:33,440
Speaker 1: and just work our way down the list all the Hodgeman.

569
00:34:33,480 --> 00:34:35,200
Speaker 1: You can afford to pay people, we should give it

570
00:34:35,239 --> 00:34:38,919
Speaker 1: to like someone else. Okay, all right, we'll figure it out. Uh.

571
00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:44,399
Speaker 1: Clive Fennessy gave us some really cool Panama Canal postcards. Yeah,

572
00:34:44,440 --> 00:34:47,200
Speaker 1: it was your neat Rachel from Uber. Have you heard

573
00:34:47,200 --> 00:34:49,960
Speaker 1: of Uber. It's a it's sort of like a taxi

574
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:53,360
Speaker 1: cab service now but it's town cars and they have

575
00:34:53,360 --> 00:34:55,000
Speaker 1: an app and you can like say just come get

576
00:34:55,040 --> 00:35:00,000
Speaker 1: me now that. Yeah. They sent us Uber gift cards. Um,

577
00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:01,440
Speaker 1: and I will see you your gift code for us

578
00:35:01,600 --> 00:35:05,200
Speaker 1: a hundred bucks and free. Thanks a lot. I know

579
00:35:05,320 --> 00:35:08,520
Speaker 1: somebody's going to be going to the airport for free. Yeah.

580
00:35:08,640 --> 00:35:12,120
Speaker 1: Kristen Curran has been taking us along with her on

581
00:35:12,160 --> 00:35:15,279
Speaker 1: a tour of Europe. It seems like we've got postcards

582
00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:21,040
Speaker 1: from her from Edinburgh, Bruges, Amsterdam, Slovakia, Berlin all over

583
00:35:21,080 --> 00:35:24,040
Speaker 1: the place. Yeah, so thanks for those. Um. We also

584
00:35:24,080 --> 00:35:28,320
Speaker 1: got something from Threadless self designed t shirt bigfoot cradling

585
00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:32,080
Speaker 1: and alien lockness monsters in the background. Yeah. There was

586
00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:34,680
Speaker 1: also like men in black and an abduction going on,

587
00:35:34,760 --> 00:35:37,640
Speaker 1: all sorts of stuff. Very cool. Uh. And then Kira

588
00:35:37,840 --> 00:35:41,160
Speaker 1: Newron sent the wives and jewelry um and you can

589
00:35:41,320 --> 00:35:44,399
Speaker 1: visit her store. Thank you very much, Kira at um

590
00:35:44,840 --> 00:35:49,359
Speaker 1: Cariboo Classics dot Etsy dot com. So that's that's our

591
00:35:49,960 --> 00:35:52,480
Speaker 1: administrative details for now, right, Yeah, part one. We'll have

592
00:35:52,520 --> 00:35:54,600
Speaker 1: a part two, I guess on the next episode. Yes

593
00:35:54,640 --> 00:35:57,920
Speaker 1: we will, where we'll cover music in books. Nice. If

594
00:35:57,960 --> 00:35:59,319
Speaker 1: you want to get in touch with us, you can

595
00:35:59,360 --> 00:36:02,279
Speaker 1: tweet to us at s y s K podcast. You

596
00:36:02,360 --> 00:36:04,680
Speaker 1: can join us on Facebook dot com, slash stuff you

597
00:36:04,680 --> 00:36:07,480
Speaker 1: Should Know. You can send us an email to Stuff

598
00:36:07,520 --> 00:36:10,200
Speaker 1: Podcast at Discovery dot com, and you can join us

599
00:36:10,200 --> 00:36:12,160
Speaker 1: at our home on the web, Stuff you Should Know

600
00:36:12,400 --> 00:36:20,440
Speaker 1: dot com. For more on this and thousands of other topics,

601
00:36:20,680 --> 00:36:29,920
Speaker 1: is it how Stuff works dot com. Brought to you

602
00:36:29,960 --> 00:36:32,400
Speaker 1: by the all new Toyota Corolla