1 00:00:04,559 --> 00:00:06,840 Speaker 1: What if you thought, as an adult that you've been 2 00:00:06,880 --> 00:00:09,560 Speaker 1: alive forever and then you discovered no, you actually had 3 00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:11,520 Speaker 1: a childhood and you were born, and you would want 4 00:00:11,520 --> 00:00:12,320 Speaker 1: to know all about that. 5 00:00:12,280 --> 00:00:13,600 Speaker 2: And how you can be surprising. 6 00:00:13,800 --> 00:00:16,439 Speaker 1: That would be surprising, And actually that's sort of the 7 00:00:16,480 --> 00:00:19,759 Speaker 1: situation science was in for a long time. Astronomer thought 8 00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:22,960 Speaker 1: the universe is fixed, it's constant. All the stars are 9 00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:25,480 Speaker 1: just sort of hanging out there in space, not moving, 10 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:39,760 Speaker 1: and they'd been like that forever. Hi, I'm Daniel, is 11 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:43,560 Speaker 1: this warn So I'm a particle physicist. I smash protons 12 00:00:43,600 --> 00:00:45,560 Speaker 1: together at cerned in my day job to try to 13 00:00:45,560 --> 00:00:48,120 Speaker 1: figure out what is the basic nature of matter? 14 00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:49,400 Speaker 2: What do you smash as a hobby? 15 00:00:49,400 --> 00:00:51,320 Speaker 1: Then, yeah, we know. When you're a particle physicist you 16 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:54,840 Speaker 1: learn to solve problems by smashing stuff together. So whatever's 17 00:00:54,840 --> 00:00:55,400 Speaker 1: around me. 18 00:00:55,800 --> 00:00:58,600 Speaker 2: And I'm a cartoonist and my job is to sit 19 00:00:58,640 --> 00:01:00,960 Speaker 2: in my pajamas all day and for aw funny things. 20 00:01:01,120 --> 00:01:03,160 Speaker 1: That's not how you started, right. You didn't grow up 21 00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:04,640 Speaker 1: thinking I'm going to be a cartoonist. 22 00:01:04,920 --> 00:01:07,440 Speaker 2: No, I started off as a researcher. I'm an engineer. 23 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:09,920 Speaker 2: I studied robotics. I have a PhD in robotics. But 24 00:01:10,240 --> 00:01:14,320 Speaker 2: somewhere along the line I started drawing comics and that 25 00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:15,319 Speaker 2: kind of took off for me. 26 00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:17,960 Speaker 1: And this is our podcast Daniel and Jorge. 27 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:22,039 Speaker 2: Explain the Universe. Today. We're going to talk about how 28 00:01:22,080 --> 00:01:22,680 Speaker 2: it all began. 29 00:01:23,080 --> 00:01:30,560 Speaker 1: The biggest of questions, the Big Bang. 30 00:01:32,200 --> 00:01:35,800 Speaker 2: What happened at the very beginning of the universe? 31 00:01:36,040 --> 00:01:38,800 Speaker 1: What happened before the Big Bang? It's a pretty deep 32 00:01:38,959 --> 00:01:41,440 Speaker 1: basic question by the origin of our universe. What do 33 00:01:41,480 --> 00:01:43,160 Speaker 1: you think about it? What do you know about it? 34 00:01:43,240 --> 00:01:46,120 Speaker 1: What do you imagine might have happened before the start 35 00:01:46,160 --> 00:01:48,840 Speaker 1: of our universe. We went out and we asked people 36 00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:51,280 Speaker 1: on the street what they thought happened just before the 37 00:01:51,320 --> 00:01:51,800 Speaker 1: Big Bang. 38 00:01:52,760 --> 00:01:55,800 Speaker 2: Well, there was a bunch of particles in the universe 39 00:01:55,840 --> 00:02:00,840 Speaker 2: and then combined together and poof you created had all 40 00:02:01,080 --> 00:02:05,320 Speaker 2: the energy of the universe. So then when. 41 00:02:06,560 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 1: It happened, that's how it was all disperse. So most 42 00:02:09,639 --> 00:02:11,919 Speaker 1: people seem to have some idea that, first of all, 43 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:14,160 Speaker 1: the Big Bang is more than just a TV show, 44 00:02:14,240 --> 00:02:17,080 Speaker 1: right right. The idea for the science came before the 45 00:02:17,120 --> 00:02:17,639 Speaker 1: TV show. 46 00:02:17,919 --> 00:02:20,360 Speaker 2: I was kind of relieved to hear that everyone seems 47 00:02:20,400 --> 00:02:22,720 Speaker 2: to know it's it sort of marks the beginning of 48 00:02:22,760 --> 00:02:23,280 Speaker 2: the universe. 49 00:02:23,400 --> 00:02:26,120 Speaker 1: Right, it's a moment of creation or the starting of 50 00:02:26,120 --> 00:02:28,440 Speaker 1: the clock of the universe. Right, everything came from? 51 00:02:28,720 --> 00:02:33,919 Speaker 2: But what exactly happened during the Big Bang? And most interestingly, 52 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:36,800 Speaker 2: what happened before the Big Bank? 53 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:40,320 Speaker 1: Right? And that's fascinating to me. And these are the 54 00:02:40,320 --> 00:02:42,840 Speaker 1: best questions, the ones that like try to answer the 55 00:02:42,919 --> 00:02:45,520 Speaker 1: question where did everything come from? It sort of touches 56 00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:48,239 Speaker 1: on the philosophical like why are we here? If you 57 00:02:48,360 --> 00:02:50,480 Speaker 1: knew how the Big Bang happened and how the universe 58 00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:53,120 Speaker 1: was created, you might get some insight into what the 59 00:02:53,120 --> 00:02:55,360 Speaker 1: purpose of life is or how to live your life 60 00:02:55,400 --> 00:02:57,600 Speaker 1: or stuff. So to me, these are like really good, deep, 61 00:02:57,639 --> 00:02:58,919 Speaker 1: basic questions. 62 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:05,520 Speaker 2: So we made a list of the four things we 63 00:03:05,560 --> 00:03:07,920 Speaker 2: think you should know about the Big Bang. The first 64 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:12,520 Speaker 2: one is that the entire universe was once really small. 65 00:03:14,919 --> 00:03:17,240 Speaker 2: Maybe we think, let's talk about that. What do you mean? 66 00:03:17,240 --> 00:03:19,799 Speaker 1: Maybe, Well, it's an interesting question. We know that the 67 00:03:19,880 --> 00:03:21,920 Speaker 1: universe had a beginning, right, And how do we know that? 68 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:24,239 Speaker 1: We know that because things are expanding, things are moving 69 00:03:24,240 --> 00:03:26,639 Speaker 1: away from each other. Okay, that was the major discovery. 70 00:03:26,639 --> 00:03:28,799 Speaker 1: Like one hundred years ago, people looked out in the 71 00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:31,520 Speaker 1: stars and discovered that they're all moving away from us. 72 00:03:31,680 --> 00:03:34,200 Speaker 2: Okay, so like we thought everything would still like we 73 00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:36,760 Speaker 2: were frozen in a gel or something. The stars were 74 00:03:36,840 --> 00:03:40,400 Speaker 2: just like they're sitting there, yeah, generally speaking, But then 75 00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:43,040 Speaker 2: they discovered that they actually things are moving away from 76 00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:43,560 Speaker 2: each other. 77 00:03:43,720 --> 00:03:46,080 Speaker 1: That's right, And everything is moving away from us, and 78 00:03:46,120 --> 00:03:48,600 Speaker 1: everything is moving away from everything else. They just looked 79 00:03:48,600 --> 00:03:50,880 Speaker 1: at stars, and you can measure how fast a star 80 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:54,720 Speaker 1: is moving relative to us by seeing how its light 81 00:03:54,880 --> 00:03:57,840 Speaker 1: is stretched or shrunk, depending on whether it's moving away 82 00:03:57,880 --> 00:03:59,960 Speaker 1: from us or towards us, like a Doppler. 83 00:03:59,640 --> 00:04:03,560 Speaker 2: Shift, Like the highway patrol measuring your speed, you can 84 00:04:03,600 --> 00:04:05,240 Speaker 2: sort of you can tell how fast you're going. 85 00:04:05,360 --> 00:04:06,120 Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly. 86 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:07,839 Speaker 2: It's not like they looked at the starts and said, 87 00:04:07,880 --> 00:04:10,640 Speaker 2: oh now it's do one's over there. It must have moved. 88 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:12,440 Speaker 2: It's like it's some other information right, right. 89 00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:13,920 Speaker 1: So they looked out there and they measured all this 90 00:04:13,960 --> 00:04:16,800 Speaker 1: stuff and they said, whoa, everything's stretching out and moving 91 00:04:16,839 --> 00:04:19,800 Speaker 1: away from each other. So then the very natural consequences 92 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:22,200 Speaker 1: to say, well, run that backwards. What does that mean? 93 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:25,240 Speaker 1: It means things might have been smaller and more dense, 94 00:04:25,560 --> 00:04:27,840 Speaker 1: and maybe even come from a little spot. 95 00:04:27,720 --> 00:04:29,360 Speaker 2: Like if you hit the rewind bun, if you see 96 00:04:29,360 --> 00:04:32,240 Speaker 2: things make getting bigger. Now, if you hit the rewind bun, 97 00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:35,200 Speaker 2: wow for a while, what happens exactly? 98 00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:37,479 Speaker 1: And those are the mental games people were playing. And 99 00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:40,599 Speaker 1: actually the phrase big bang was a joke that people 100 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:42,800 Speaker 1: made up to mock that idea. They're like, look, how 101 00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:44,160 Speaker 1: ridiculous this idea is. 102 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:45,840 Speaker 2: It is kind of a silly sounding name, right. 103 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:47,880 Speaker 1: Yeah, it was whimsical. It was. It was like a 104 00:04:47,920 --> 00:04:50,839 Speaker 1: Donald Trump insult, you know, for somebody else's. 105 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:51,600 Speaker 2: Big le bang. 106 00:04:51,720 --> 00:04:53,680 Speaker 1: Yes, exactly, the big Bang. 107 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:56,560 Speaker 2: Well, if you were like a respectable scientist today and 108 00:04:56,600 --> 00:04:59,839 Speaker 2: you had to name this event, you wouldn't call it 109 00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:02,080 Speaker 2: bank or do you think that it was a good name? 110 00:05:02,320 --> 00:05:05,839 Speaker 1: Oh man, if I was on a marketing committee, discover 111 00:05:06,200 --> 00:05:10,000 Speaker 1: the new name for it, the moment of creation. Now, 112 00:05:10,120 --> 00:05:12,880 Speaker 1: I think big Bang is actually pretty good, you know, Yeah, 113 00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:16,000 Speaker 1: you got your alliteration. It's short, it's pithy, you know, 114 00:05:16,080 --> 00:05:18,320 Speaker 1: it's it's pretty well done. I think that's probably why 115 00:05:18,320 --> 00:05:19,000 Speaker 1: it survived so. 116 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:21,840 Speaker 2: Long, because everyone wants the universe to start with the bank, right, 117 00:05:24,240 --> 00:05:26,880 Speaker 2: that's right. So you play back the movie of the 118 00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:31,240 Speaker 2: Universe and it tells us that everything was once much 119 00:05:31,320 --> 00:05:34,040 Speaker 2: closer together, and then much much closer, and then much 120 00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:37,480 Speaker 2: much closer, and if you keep thinking about it, things 121 00:05:38,160 --> 00:05:40,159 Speaker 2: may have been really really really close together. 122 00:05:40,400 --> 00:05:43,560 Speaker 1: That's right. Yeah, they just keep extrapolating down to a point. 123 00:05:43,720 --> 00:05:46,240 Speaker 1: And around the same time, Einstein came up with all 124 00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:49,000 Speaker 1: of his ideas of general relativity and thinking about gravity 125 00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:51,359 Speaker 1: and how the universe works, and people were playing with 126 00:05:51,360 --> 00:05:55,000 Speaker 1: those equations and discovering that those equations actually predicted that 127 00:05:55,040 --> 00:05:57,560 Speaker 1: the universe could start from a point. They were consistent 128 00:05:57,600 --> 00:06:00,680 Speaker 1: with Einstein's ideas of gravity. What do you mean It 129 00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:05,200 Speaker 1: was consistent, meaning that you can construct a universe that 130 00:06:05,360 --> 00:06:08,279 Speaker 1: starts from a point and then it blows up and expands. 131 00:06:08,680 --> 00:06:11,960 Speaker 1: And that totally makes sense from an Einstein gravity point 132 00:06:11,960 --> 00:06:14,000 Speaker 1: of view, like it follows the rules. 133 00:06:14,200 --> 00:06:19,200 Speaker 2: It's allowed, okay, meaning that nothing weird happens, like you 134 00:06:19,240 --> 00:06:21,279 Speaker 2: can cram that much stuff into such a small. 135 00:06:21,120 --> 00:06:24,000 Speaker 1: Space according to Einstein. All right, what is he know? 136 00:06:25,640 --> 00:06:28,080 Speaker 1: Which is pretty well accepted as a smart guy, he 137 00:06:28,160 --> 00:06:30,680 Speaker 1: knows what he's talking about. But you know, there are 138 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:34,400 Speaker 1: some issues there. The original idea was the Big Bang, 139 00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:37,000 Speaker 1: was this really dense hot blob of stuff and then 140 00:06:37,040 --> 00:06:40,600 Speaker 1: it blew up and expanded into things we know. And 141 00:06:40,640 --> 00:06:42,440 Speaker 1: you know, that was a weird idea for a long time, 142 00:06:42,640 --> 00:06:44,560 Speaker 1: and people didn't believe it for a long time. It 143 00:06:44,600 --> 00:06:47,400 Speaker 1: was in the sixties that they finally found the first 144 00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:49,920 Speaker 1: like concrete piece of evidence that maybe the Big Bang 145 00:06:49,920 --> 00:06:53,240 Speaker 1: had happened, right, And that's when they discovered the thing 146 00:06:53,320 --> 00:06:55,440 Speaker 1: called the cosmic microwave background radiation. 147 00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:58,920 Speaker 2: So it was weird to think about so much stuff 148 00:06:58,960 --> 00:07:02,200 Speaker 2: and matter and stars being cramped to small space. 149 00:07:02,480 --> 00:07:05,839 Speaker 1: Yeah, because it meant the universe wasn't always this dark 150 00:07:05,880 --> 00:07:08,320 Speaker 1: and cold and empty place that we know today. It 151 00:07:08,360 --> 00:07:10,720 Speaker 1: was like a hot, dense blob like the center of 152 00:07:10,760 --> 00:07:11,119 Speaker 1: the sun. 153 00:07:11,160 --> 00:07:11,960 Speaker 2: It's a hot mess. 154 00:07:12,120 --> 00:07:15,280 Speaker 1: It was a hot mess exactly. The universe was not 155 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:16,680 Speaker 1: well organized when it was young. 156 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:22,040 Speaker 2: So yeah, so they said, okay, now, but now they 157 00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:26,320 Speaker 2: saw something like you called the cosmic microwave background radiation 158 00:07:26,560 --> 00:07:29,560 Speaker 2: that said, yes, that's a clear indication things were a 159 00:07:29,600 --> 00:07:30,360 Speaker 2: hot mess before. 160 00:07:30,640 --> 00:07:33,280 Speaker 1: Yeah, they said, if things were really hot and dense 161 00:07:33,440 --> 00:07:35,720 Speaker 1: a long time ago, then they should have given off 162 00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:37,600 Speaker 1: this special kind of light and we should still be 163 00:07:37,600 --> 00:07:39,280 Speaker 1: able to see it today. And they went out and 164 00:07:39,320 --> 00:07:39,920 Speaker 1: they found it. 165 00:07:40,120 --> 00:07:42,240 Speaker 2: You can see it like you. 166 00:07:42,120 --> 00:07:44,680 Speaker 1: Can see it if you have a special radio telescope. 167 00:07:45,160 --> 00:07:47,760 Speaker 1: And some guys built a fancy radio telescope. They weren't 168 00:07:47,760 --> 00:07:50,840 Speaker 1: even actually looking for this background radiation and they just 169 00:07:50,880 --> 00:07:54,360 Speaker 1: had a hiss in their telescope. They had this noise 170 00:07:54,400 --> 00:07:58,000 Speaker 1: in their telescope. And coincidentally, some people a couple of 171 00:07:58,080 --> 00:08:00,960 Speaker 1: years earlier had predicted, oh, if you this kind of telescope, 172 00:08:00,960 --> 00:08:03,400 Speaker 1: you'll and the big bang happened. You'll hear this hiss 173 00:08:03,560 --> 00:08:05,320 Speaker 1: and they turn on their telescope. They heard this hiss 174 00:08:05,360 --> 00:08:06,800 Speaker 1: and they're like, what is this. We can't get rid 175 00:08:06,800 --> 00:08:08,800 Speaker 1: of this noise. And then two years later they won 176 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:09,760 Speaker 1: the Nobel Prize. 177 00:08:09,880 --> 00:08:12,280 Speaker 2: That's a great discovery. It's a pretty you're going to 178 00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:14,920 Speaker 2: get fired. But then they're like, oh, that mistake you made. 179 00:08:15,280 --> 00:08:16,840 Speaker 2: It's the discovery of the universe. 180 00:08:18,240 --> 00:08:18,720 Speaker 1: That's right. 181 00:08:18,920 --> 00:08:20,960 Speaker 2: So that's the big bang. It's everything was once really 182 00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:24,160 Speaker 2: small and then it's just kind of exploded out into 183 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:25,520 Speaker 2: what we have today. 184 00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:28,000 Speaker 1: That's right. That's the whole idea, is that the universe 185 00:08:28,040 --> 00:08:30,760 Speaker 1: has a beginning and then it expanded into what we 186 00:08:30,840 --> 00:08:33,760 Speaker 1: know today. And that was the sort of first idea 187 00:08:33,800 --> 00:08:36,720 Speaker 1: of the Big Bang, like maybe everything came from a 188 00:08:36,800 --> 00:08:39,000 Speaker 1: point and people, a lot of people, when they think 189 00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:41,079 Speaker 1: about the Big Bang, they think about the universe starting 190 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:45,720 Speaker 1: in a singularity, meaning a bunch of stuff in zero volume. 191 00:08:45,440 --> 00:08:47,360 Speaker 2: All of it on top of each other, in the 192 00:08:47,480 --> 00:08:50,800 Speaker 2: same zero space exactly. 193 00:08:50,840 --> 00:08:53,480 Speaker 1: And it's mind blowing to imagine, Like, take the Sun 194 00:08:53,840 --> 00:08:56,600 Speaker 1: and cram it down into the amount of space you 195 00:08:56,600 --> 00:08:58,959 Speaker 1: have for a grain of sand, hard to imagine, right now, 196 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:02,480 Speaker 1: make it even small. Now add every other star in 197 00:09:02,520 --> 00:09:08,360 Speaker 1: the universe on top of it. It's like your brain, right, Yeah, 198 00:09:08,400 --> 00:09:10,800 Speaker 1: it's it's not really the same thing. It's just all 199 00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:14,240 Speaker 1: the energy, all the energy density that we currently have 200 00:09:14,320 --> 00:09:17,240 Speaker 1: in the universe was crammed into that tiny little space 201 00:09:17,720 --> 00:09:19,280 Speaker 1: that was sort of the early idea. And you can 202 00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:22,920 Speaker 1: imagine like a big empty universe of space with a 203 00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:25,760 Speaker 1: tiny dot of matter in it, And of course that 204 00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:28,480 Speaker 1: engenders a lot of questions like where did that tiny 205 00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:31,040 Speaker 1: dot a matter come from? Right? Was there only one? 206 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:33,640 Speaker 1: How was it created? Right? 207 00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:47,679 Speaker 2: But before we keep going, let's take a short break. Well, 208 00:09:47,720 --> 00:09:49,360 Speaker 2: so that's the Big Bang, and so the next thing 209 00:09:49,400 --> 00:09:52,200 Speaker 2: people should know is that the Big Bang happened about 210 00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:57,320 Speaker 2: fourteen billion years ago billion with a b billion years ago. Yeah, 211 00:09:57,320 --> 00:10:00,120 Speaker 2: and I can't even remember what I did this morning 212 00:10:00,120 --> 00:10:04,760 Speaker 2: fourteen minutes ago. That's how old the universe is from 213 00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:05,960 Speaker 2: that moment of the Big Bang. 214 00:10:06,480 --> 00:10:09,160 Speaker 1: Yeah, so the universe has been around since the Big 215 00:10:09,200 --> 00:10:11,720 Speaker 1: Bang about fourteen billion years and you know, for scale, 216 00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:13,880 Speaker 1: the Earth has been around about four and a half 217 00:10:13,960 --> 00:10:16,440 Speaker 1: billion years. That's when our solar system was formed. 218 00:10:16,559 --> 00:10:18,280 Speaker 2: Right, Well, how do you how do we know how 219 00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:21,240 Speaker 2: old the universe is? Like, yeah, like how can you tell? 220 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:24,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, well, we are seeing it expand and so the 221 00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:27,080 Speaker 1: simplest way is to just extrapolate back, say how fast 222 00:10:27,120 --> 00:10:30,200 Speaker 1: is it expanding? And extrapolate that expansion back until the 223 00:10:30,280 --> 00:10:31,040 Speaker 1: zero point. 224 00:10:31,240 --> 00:10:34,520 Speaker 2: So like if you look at the furthest stars, you 225 00:10:34,559 --> 00:10:36,280 Speaker 2: see you know how fast we're going? You can just 226 00:10:36,320 --> 00:10:40,319 Speaker 2: like hit the rewind button. Yeah, it would take about 227 00:10:40,679 --> 00:10:44,040 Speaker 2: fourteen billion years for it to connect to everything else. 228 00:10:44,840 --> 00:10:47,800 Speaker 1: Yeah, so we're pretty sure that something happened fourteen billion 229 00:10:47,840 --> 00:10:50,920 Speaker 1: years ago. This expansion of space happened fourteen billion years ago. 230 00:10:51,240 --> 00:10:54,120 Speaker 1: But these days scientists are a little fuzzier on what 231 00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:58,080 Speaker 1: exactly the Big Bang was. So idea zero was a 232 00:10:58,120 --> 00:11:01,520 Speaker 1: tiny dot with all the matter it explodes into the universe. 233 00:11:02,679 --> 00:11:06,120 Speaker 1: Problems with this idea are one that you can't really 234 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:08,559 Speaker 1: have tiny dots of infinite density. 235 00:11:08,480 --> 00:11:10,640 Speaker 2: So Einstein told me before you could. 236 00:11:10,760 --> 00:11:13,520 Speaker 1: Well, that was Einstein's idea, and the idea is consistent 237 00:11:13,559 --> 00:11:17,360 Speaker 1: with Einstein's gravity. But Einstein's theories of gravity don't account 238 00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:21,280 Speaker 1: for quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics something they came after Einstein 239 00:11:21,440 --> 00:11:25,079 Speaker 1: he was never really very comfortable with. And quantum mechanics 240 00:11:25,160 --> 00:11:27,000 Speaker 1: is a whole, big, long story. But the thing we 241 00:11:27,040 --> 00:11:29,160 Speaker 1: need to understand is that it says you can't have 242 00:11:29,280 --> 00:11:31,480 Speaker 1: things that are super duper tiny. There might be a 243 00:11:31,600 --> 00:11:34,400 Speaker 1: smallest space, there might be the smallest distance. 244 00:11:34,520 --> 00:11:38,559 Speaker 2: Get fuzzy. Yeah, like at some point you can't get unfuzzier. 245 00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:41,200 Speaker 1: That's right, exactly, there's a basic unit of fuzziness. Like 246 00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:45,160 Speaker 1: imagine space being pixelated, right, Like you can't talk about 247 00:11:45,200 --> 00:11:48,760 Speaker 1: something smaller than one pixel. So we think that quantum 248 00:11:48,800 --> 00:11:52,400 Speaker 1: mechanics is probably correct. And if you big pixel, the 249 00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:55,240 Speaker 1: big pixel, that's right, the first pixel of the universe. 250 00:11:55,960 --> 00:11:58,840 Speaker 1: So we think if you try to follow Einstein extrapolate 251 00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:02,520 Speaker 1: the universe down to a point, general relativity probably works. 252 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:05,520 Speaker 1: But we think it probably breaks when you get down 253 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:09,120 Speaker 1: to really really tiny distances and really heavy stuff. But 254 00:12:09,160 --> 00:12:11,720 Speaker 1: nobody's ever seen that happen. You have to look inside 255 00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:13,640 Speaker 1: a black hole or go back in time and see 256 00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:16,079 Speaker 1: the Big Bang. But these days we have a slightly 257 00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:18,440 Speaker 1: fuzzier version of the idea of the Big Bang. Rather 258 00:12:18,480 --> 00:12:21,400 Speaker 1: than a point of matter that then explodes into space, 259 00:12:22,040 --> 00:12:24,480 Speaker 1: we think of the universe as being created as a 260 00:12:24,520 --> 00:12:26,040 Speaker 1: blob of space. 261 00:12:25,840 --> 00:12:29,720 Speaker 2: And matter, and then all of space and matter. Yeah, 262 00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:33,000 Speaker 2: so like it's like a blob of space. 263 00:12:32,800 --> 00:12:36,280 Speaker 1: Like a tiny universe with not much space. So instead 264 00:12:36,280 --> 00:12:38,440 Speaker 1: of an infinite universe with a tiny blob of matter 265 00:12:38,480 --> 00:12:41,880 Speaker 1: in it, now imagine a tiny piece of space filled 266 00:12:41,880 --> 00:12:42,640 Speaker 1: with energy and. 267 00:12:42,600 --> 00:12:45,600 Speaker 2: Matter, Okay, and what's outside of that we have. 268 00:12:45,520 --> 00:12:50,240 Speaker 1: No idea, Like seriously, we can't even imagine inconceivable, right, 269 00:12:50,280 --> 00:12:53,240 Speaker 1: But we do know that space can be variable in size, 270 00:12:53,280 --> 00:12:55,960 Speaker 1: space can expand, and these days we have a more 271 00:12:55,960 --> 00:12:58,760 Speaker 1: modern idea of the Big Bang as that expansion of 272 00:12:58,800 --> 00:12:59,559 Speaker 1: that space. 273 00:13:00,240 --> 00:13:02,600 Speaker 2: It might kind of like a bubble, Like a bubble 274 00:13:02,960 --> 00:13:05,000 Speaker 2: that's a space and then there's stuff in the bubble. 275 00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:09,080 Speaker 2: So you're saying both those things blew up exactly. 276 00:13:09,480 --> 00:13:12,160 Speaker 1: And this is the more modern idea that space itself 277 00:13:12,200 --> 00:13:14,560 Speaker 1: can expand. And so if you're out there thinking, what 278 00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:16,760 Speaker 1: is he talking about? How can space expand what is 279 00:13:16,760 --> 00:13:19,720 Speaker 1: it expanding into? Everything has to be in something, right, 280 00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:23,240 Speaker 1: And the answer is, we don't know. We think used 281 00:13:23,280 --> 00:13:25,520 Speaker 1: to think of space as just like emptiness, and we 282 00:13:25,559 --> 00:13:27,800 Speaker 1: can go a whole episode about just what space is, 283 00:13:27,840 --> 00:13:31,040 Speaker 1: and I think we really will, so keep listening. But 284 00:13:31,080 --> 00:13:33,240 Speaker 1: these days we think of space as a thing because 285 00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:35,400 Speaker 1: it can span, it can bend, and it can ripple, 286 00:13:35,480 --> 00:13:37,800 Speaker 1: so we know it has all these properties. So it 287 00:13:37,840 --> 00:13:40,199 Speaker 1: might be that this bubble of space in the early 288 00:13:40,280 --> 00:13:43,160 Speaker 1: universe was in some sort of super meta deep space 289 00:13:43,320 --> 00:13:46,920 Speaker 1: that we have never really discovered, or nothing. It could 290 00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:49,120 Speaker 1: be that it doesn't have to hang in something else, 291 00:13:49,160 --> 00:13:50,360 Speaker 1: it's just the edge. 292 00:13:50,800 --> 00:13:53,200 Speaker 2: But space itself was smaller that that much. 293 00:13:53,200 --> 00:13:54,720 Speaker 1: We know. Space was small. 294 00:13:54,880 --> 00:13:57,720 Speaker 2: Space was smaller, and the stuff in it was crammed 295 00:13:58,200 --> 00:14:01,520 Speaker 2: in really really small, that's right. And then about fourteen 296 00:14:01,559 --> 00:14:03,920 Speaker 2: billion years ago, for some reason do we know why, 297 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:06,640 Speaker 2: and we don't know why, it decided it didn't want 298 00:14:06,640 --> 00:14:08,000 Speaker 2: to be that small anymore. 299 00:14:07,679 --> 00:14:10,480 Speaker 1: That's right. Yeah, And that was the moment that space 300 00:14:10,559 --> 00:14:13,520 Speaker 1: was created, and then it expanded like crazy, it's something 301 00:14:13,520 --> 00:14:17,319 Speaker 1: we call inflation. Inflation is not you know why your 302 00:14:17,320 --> 00:14:19,560 Speaker 1: money doesn't work as well every year? I mean that 303 00:14:19,720 --> 00:14:22,400 Speaker 1: is inflation. But there's and I don't know why do 304 00:14:22,480 --> 00:14:24,800 Speaker 1: we do this? In science? We take an idea, a 305 00:14:24,800 --> 00:14:27,280 Speaker 1: word that everybody uses to mean one thing, right, we 306 00:14:27,400 --> 00:14:31,200 Speaker 1: just like use that same word to mean something totally different. 307 00:14:30,880 --> 00:14:34,720 Speaker 2: But it fits what it describes it. The universe inflated 308 00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:36,320 Speaker 2: like a balloon, like a bowl, right. 309 00:14:36,200 --> 00:14:38,880 Speaker 1: Yes, okay, it's a good descriptive name from that sense. 310 00:14:38,920 --> 00:14:42,280 Speaker 1: So the universe inflated, that whole balloon inflated, and everything 311 00:14:42,320 --> 00:14:45,120 Speaker 1: inside it got stretched. And the amount of stretching that 312 00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:48,800 Speaker 1: happened is crazy. It's like the universe expanded in space 313 00:14:48,960 --> 00:14:51,720 Speaker 1: by a factor ten to the thirty. That's ten with 314 00:14:51,960 --> 00:14:55,000 Speaker 1: thirty zeros on it, some crazy huge number, and it 315 00:14:55,040 --> 00:14:57,880 Speaker 1: did it in this really small amount of time ten 316 00:14:57,960 --> 00:15:01,560 Speaker 1: to the minus thirty. So that's zero with thirty zeros 317 00:15:01,840 --> 00:15:04,720 Speaker 1: after the decimal plays and then a one. So this 318 00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:07,880 Speaker 1: incredible expansion, a huge expansion of space of ten to 319 00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:10,600 Speaker 1: the thirty and this tiny amount of time ten to 320 00:15:10,640 --> 00:15:12,840 Speaker 1: the minus thirty. It's hard to really even fathom. 321 00:15:13,040 --> 00:15:14,440 Speaker 2: It wasn't a rush to get big. 322 00:15:14,680 --> 00:15:17,680 Speaker 1: Yes, and it's still getting bigger today. And the other 323 00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:20,360 Speaker 1: thing that's important to understand is that space didn't get 324 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:22,440 Speaker 1: created like on the outside of the universe. It's not 325 00:15:22,480 --> 00:15:26,160 Speaker 1: like they made more room, it's stuff. The space inside 326 00:15:26,200 --> 00:15:28,840 Speaker 1: of the universe stretched and kind was created, so like 327 00:15:29,240 --> 00:15:31,600 Speaker 1: between two particles you had a certain amount of space, 328 00:15:31,680 --> 00:15:34,400 Speaker 1: then all of a sudden you had extra space between particles. 329 00:15:34,840 --> 00:15:38,840 Speaker 1: So everything, Yeah, everything's getting stretched out from the inside 330 00:15:38,880 --> 00:15:41,760 Speaker 1: also not just from the outside, and that's also continuing 331 00:15:41,760 --> 00:15:44,440 Speaker 1: to happen, like the expansion of the universe today. The 332 00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:46,600 Speaker 1: in fact the universe is getting bigger and bigger is 333 00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:49,560 Speaker 1: happening all around us, more space being created. 334 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:53,080 Speaker 2: The third thing we should talk about today is that 335 00:15:53,200 --> 00:15:56,280 Speaker 2: we don't know what happened before the Big Bang, like 336 00:15:56,320 --> 00:15:59,720 Speaker 2: before this little bubble blew up, what happened before. 337 00:16:00,400 --> 00:16:02,800 Speaker 1: But before we get into that, let's take a quick break. 338 00:16:14,640 --> 00:16:19,040 Speaker 1: This is like totally territory for speculation and philosophy. We 339 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:21,920 Speaker 1: have pretty good theories about what happened during the Big Bang, 340 00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:24,960 Speaker 1: this idea of the inflation. We even have some experimental 341 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:28,280 Speaker 1: evidence to back it up, and it's pretty solid theory 342 00:16:28,320 --> 00:16:30,080 Speaker 1: these days that inflation happened, But. 343 00:16:30,040 --> 00:16:32,000 Speaker 2: What do you mean experimental? Like, we can't measure the 344 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:33,080 Speaker 2: Big Bang, can we? 345 00:16:33,320 --> 00:16:35,880 Speaker 1: Right, So we can't go back in time and see it, right, 346 00:16:36,320 --> 00:16:38,720 Speaker 1: But we can do things like detectives do after a murder, 347 00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:40,800 Speaker 1: and we can look for clues and say, are the 348 00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:43,080 Speaker 1: clues that we see in the universe today consistent with 349 00:16:43,160 --> 00:16:44,840 Speaker 1: this story or with that other story? 350 00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:45,120 Speaker 2: Right? 351 00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:47,240 Speaker 1: So we can sift through the clues from the Big 352 00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:49,920 Speaker 1: Bang and say, it looks like the universe was created, 353 00:16:50,200 --> 00:16:53,440 Speaker 1: and if inflation happened, it probably created these ripples in 354 00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:55,560 Speaker 1: that plasma, and we can see those ripples in the 355 00:16:55,600 --> 00:16:59,280 Speaker 1: cosmic microwave background radiation. It's really an incredible golden age 356 00:16:59,280 --> 00:17:01,640 Speaker 1: of cosmology that doing all this really precision work to 357 00:17:01,720 --> 00:17:04,560 Speaker 1: understand exactly what happened and what we know. 358 00:17:04,680 --> 00:17:06,600 Speaker 2: So, but we can only see up to a certain 359 00:17:06,600 --> 00:17:09,639 Speaker 2: points only before that is just the speculation. 360 00:17:09,840 --> 00:17:13,240 Speaker 1: Before that, it's just speculation. So one popular idea is 361 00:17:13,280 --> 00:17:17,440 Speaker 1: that there's this kind of matter called inflationary matter or infltons, 362 00:17:17,960 --> 00:17:21,280 Speaker 1: and it has some weird gravitational properties, and those gravitational 363 00:17:21,280 --> 00:17:23,440 Speaker 1: properties cause inflation. 364 00:17:23,480 --> 00:17:25,840 Speaker 2: Like suddenly they came into being inside of this hot 365 00:17:25,880 --> 00:17:29,320 Speaker 2: mess and it's like we need to get out of here. 366 00:17:29,440 --> 00:17:32,199 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's this never ending loop of questions. Right, So 367 00:17:32,240 --> 00:17:35,200 Speaker 1: you say, well, the Big Bang was inflation. What caused 368 00:17:35,240 --> 00:17:38,639 Speaker 1: inflation inflationary matter? Well, what created inflationary matter? It's like 369 00:17:38,840 --> 00:17:42,679 Speaker 1: dot dot dot. You could just keep asking that question forever, 370 00:17:43,160 --> 00:17:45,120 Speaker 1: and I think we will be asking that question forever. 371 00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:47,360 Speaker 1: We will always be pushing back and trying to understand, 372 00:17:47,440 --> 00:17:49,800 Speaker 1: and until we get back to negative infinity in time, 373 00:17:49,840 --> 00:17:52,439 Speaker 1: we're never going to have like a solid answer. But 374 00:17:52,480 --> 00:17:54,600 Speaker 1: that's part of the fun, right, It's not like it's 375 00:17:54,640 --> 00:17:56,280 Speaker 1: the journey as much as the destination. 376 00:17:56,440 --> 00:17:59,119 Speaker 2: But there's some cool ideas there about what happened before 377 00:17:59,200 --> 00:18:00,120 Speaker 2: that point, right. 378 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:04,240 Speaker 1: That's right. Yeah, Like maybe the whole universe was filled 379 00:18:04,240 --> 00:18:08,360 Speaker 1: with inflationary matter and in some places it decayed into 380 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:12,080 Speaker 1: normal matter and then inflation happened. And if that's the case, 381 00:18:12,119 --> 00:18:15,879 Speaker 1: then you have like our universe is one spot inside 382 00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:20,879 Speaker 1: some huge mega universe of inflationary matter, and maybe at 383 00:18:20,920 --> 00:18:24,480 Speaker 1: other points in the in that mega universe there are 384 00:18:24,520 --> 00:18:28,919 Speaker 1: also other dots that turned into what we call pocket universes. 385 00:18:28,680 --> 00:18:31,239 Speaker 2: Like the zs of the the face of the of 386 00:18:31,280 --> 00:18:32,240 Speaker 2: the mega universe. 387 00:18:32,440 --> 00:18:34,360 Speaker 1: Mega zits on the mega universe. 388 00:18:34,480 --> 00:18:37,960 Speaker 2: Yeah, and that's maybe maybe, like our universe is just 389 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:40,560 Speaker 2: like a little bubble in a big sea of other bubbles. 390 00:18:40,600 --> 00:18:41,640 Speaker 1: That's right, exactly. 391 00:18:41,960 --> 00:18:42,679 Speaker 2: That's one idea. 392 00:18:42,800 --> 00:18:45,320 Speaker 1: That's one idea, and we have no way to really 393 00:18:45,400 --> 00:18:48,600 Speaker 1: to test that idea. Is the problem because there's no 394 00:18:48,680 --> 00:18:51,560 Speaker 1: way for us to ever reach those other bubbles. Because 395 00:18:52,160 --> 00:18:55,200 Speaker 1: if that's the case, if that's really the reality of our, 396 00:18:55,240 --> 00:18:57,879 Speaker 1: of our, of the situation of nature, it means that 397 00:18:57,920 --> 00:19:01,400 Speaker 1: inflation is still happening because that inflationary matter is still 398 00:19:01,600 --> 00:19:05,320 Speaker 1: constantly expanding. So those other universes, those other bubbles are 399 00:19:05,320 --> 00:19:08,760 Speaker 1: getting pushed away from us much much faster than the speed. 400 00:19:08,560 --> 00:19:11,280 Speaker 2: Of light, because we'll never hang out. 401 00:19:11,440 --> 00:19:13,360 Speaker 1: You can't send a message to there, you can't ever 402 00:19:13,400 --> 00:19:16,399 Speaker 1: see it, you can't ever go there. And scientifically that's 403 00:19:16,440 --> 00:19:18,960 Speaker 1: a big problem, not because I really want to go 404 00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:21,800 Speaker 1: to the beaches in some other bubble universe, but because 405 00:19:21,880 --> 00:19:24,000 Speaker 1: if you want to prove that it's true, you have 406 00:19:24,119 --> 00:19:26,680 Speaker 1: to do an experiment, you have to find some evidence, 407 00:19:26,680 --> 00:19:28,320 Speaker 1: you have to do you have to have a theory 408 00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:31,320 Speaker 1: that can be confirmed. If you have a theory that 409 00:19:31,359 --> 00:19:33,920 Speaker 1: predicts something you can never test, then it's not really 410 00:19:33,920 --> 00:19:37,080 Speaker 1: a scientific theory or a useful one. It's it's like 411 00:19:37,160 --> 00:19:40,240 Speaker 1: saying to guess. Yeah, it's a guess. 412 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:43,119 Speaker 2: And that's one theory. May were a bubble in a 413 00:19:43,160 --> 00:19:46,280 Speaker 2: sea of other universes. What's another idea for what happened 414 00:19:46,320 --> 00:19:47,120 Speaker 2: before the Big Bang? 415 00:19:47,320 --> 00:19:50,720 Speaker 1: Well, another idea is that maybe there's a cycle, right, 416 00:19:50,800 --> 00:19:55,160 Speaker 1: maybe the Big Bang was caused by a big crunch, right. 417 00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:57,120 Speaker 1: And to understand that, you have to think about sort 418 00:19:57,160 --> 00:19:59,760 Speaker 1: of the future first, Like, so the Big Bang happened, 419 00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:03,400 Speaker 1: every thing expands out, and then one question is like 420 00:20:03,880 --> 00:20:06,600 Speaker 1: are things going to keep expanding? We don't really know, 421 00:20:06,680 --> 00:20:08,840 Speaker 1: But one possibility is they keep expanding forever and the 422 00:20:08,920 --> 00:20:13,760 Speaker 1: universe just sort of drifts out into this endlessly cold, boring, 423 00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:18,400 Speaker 1: bland situation. But another possibility is that it slows down, stops, 424 00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:21,919 Speaker 1: and then falls back in right, Everything rushes back and 425 00:20:21,920 --> 00:20:28,040 Speaker 1: gravity pulls everything back into it to recreate that hot mess. Yeah, deflation, Well, 426 00:20:28,160 --> 00:20:28,520 Speaker 1: I think you. 427 00:20:28,600 --> 00:20:32,159 Speaker 2: Just can I go back and change it to my son's. 428 00:20:31,960 --> 00:20:40,199 Speaker 1: Name, olivation. The deflation theory would say that the universe 429 00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:41,520 Speaker 1: comes back, falls. 430 00:20:41,280 --> 00:20:44,960 Speaker 2: And then collapses back into a little hot mess again. 431 00:20:44,800 --> 00:20:47,080 Speaker 1: A little hot mess. It's like recovering your youth. Right, 432 00:20:47,119 --> 00:20:48,560 Speaker 1: It's like a middle aged crisis or. 433 00:20:48,520 --> 00:20:51,560 Speaker 2: Whatever, and then it just bounces back again. 434 00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:53,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, and that would be a cycle. So a big crunch, 435 00:20:53,480 --> 00:20:56,080 Speaker 1: big bang, big crunch, big bang. That could be. 436 00:20:56,080 --> 00:20:59,680 Speaker 2: Big bang us, big crunch, big bang again. 437 00:21:00,160 --> 00:21:03,600 Speaker 1: Maybe somebody else, somebody else, better looking versions of us, Yeah. 438 00:21:03,600 --> 00:21:08,679 Speaker 2: Impossible, impossibly. Yeah. So that's then another idea is that 439 00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:12,200 Speaker 2: would happen before is like more and more universes. 440 00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:15,320 Speaker 1: Yeah. And there's something nice about that because it explains 441 00:21:15,760 --> 00:21:18,600 Speaker 1: both that our universe had a beginning and it also 442 00:21:18,760 --> 00:21:21,000 Speaker 1: gives you an explanation for what happened all the way 443 00:21:21,040 --> 00:21:23,720 Speaker 1: back to the beginning of time because it returns to 444 00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:27,160 Speaker 1: the possibility of the universe is infinitely old, right, because 445 00:21:27,160 --> 00:21:29,600 Speaker 1: that could have been happening forever. It allows you to 446 00:21:29,600 --> 00:21:32,040 Speaker 1: have the sort of finite length of time for our 447 00:21:32,200 --> 00:21:35,959 Speaker 1: universe without limiting you to finiteness for the whole universe, 448 00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:36,320 Speaker 1: sort of. 449 00:21:36,280 --> 00:21:40,520 Speaker 2: Like this, right, time could be infinite, but space could 450 00:21:40,560 --> 00:21:41,120 Speaker 2: be finite. 451 00:21:41,280 --> 00:21:44,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's right. Yeah, And that brings us to the 452 00:21:45,119 --> 00:21:48,920 Speaker 1: last crazy idea, which is maybe there was nothing before 453 00:21:48,960 --> 00:21:49,520 Speaker 1: the Big Bang. 454 00:21:50,119 --> 00:21:52,560 Speaker 2: I mean nothing time. 455 00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:55,359 Speaker 1: Not even time, right, we think space was created in 456 00:21:55,400 --> 00:21:58,800 Speaker 1: the Big Bang, and space has expanded and all that stuff, and. 457 00:21:58,760 --> 00:22:02,040 Speaker 2: So so there could have no time, no space before. 458 00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:05,080 Speaker 1: No space, and no time, right, And it's hard to 459 00:22:05,080 --> 00:22:07,159 Speaker 1: even wrap your mind around what that is. I mean, 460 00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:09,720 Speaker 1: we have a hard time imagining, like, what will happen 461 00:22:09,760 --> 00:22:12,640 Speaker 1: after we die? Well, the universe continue without us right now, 462 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:15,399 Speaker 1: trying to imagine the universe without space and time? What 463 00:22:15,440 --> 00:22:17,680 Speaker 1: does that even mean? And you have to think also 464 00:22:17,680 --> 00:22:20,120 Speaker 1: about what time is itself, Like, what does it mean 465 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:23,040 Speaker 1: for there to not be time? Right, there's no time 466 00:22:23,080 --> 00:22:24,760 Speaker 1: in which there's no time. There's no time for that 467 00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:28,720 Speaker 1: to happen, right, And a lot of people think about 468 00:22:28,760 --> 00:22:32,360 Speaker 1: time as sort of the organizing principle of the universe. 469 00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:34,600 Speaker 1: Maybe you've heard of the second law thromo dynamics that 470 00:22:34,680 --> 00:22:37,760 Speaker 1: tells us that entropy is always increasing in the universe, 471 00:22:38,240 --> 00:22:39,000 Speaker 1: and so they. 472 00:22:38,920 --> 00:22:41,639 Speaker 2: Imagine things are getting messier, things are getting messier and 473 00:22:41,680 --> 00:22:43,400 Speaker 2: forward in time, that's right, getting more. 474 00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:47,159 Speaker 1: And more spread out forward in time. And so some 475 00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:49,800 Speaker 1: people think that that is time. The time is measured 476 00:22:49,800 --> 00:22:52,919 Speaker 1: by entropy and created by entropy, and that before the 477 00:22:52,920 --> 00:22:55,960 Speaker 1: Big Bang, if there was if there was nothing, no space, 478 00:22:56,320 --> 00:22:59,560 Speaker 1: then there was no time. And that sounds like an 479 00:22:59,560 --> 00:23:02,199 Speaker 1: odd eye idea, but in other ways we're very familiar 480 00:23:02,280 --> 00:23:04,359 Speaker 1: with it. Like you know, if you stand on the 481 00:23:04,359 --> 00:23:07,760 Speaker 1: north pole and you ask which way is north, well, 482 00:23:07,800 --> 00:23:13,359 Speaker 1: there is nothing north in the north. You blew us up. 483 00:23:15,280 --> 00:23:17,560 Speaker 1: I'm going to write to Stephen Hawking and tell think 484 00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:21,400 Speaker 1: that's actually his His phrase is, you know, maybe there's 485 00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:22,600 Speaker 1: no north of north north. 486 00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:25,160 Speaker 2: There's no before yeah, zero time. 487 00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:27,400 Speaker 1: Yeah. Because if you're standing on a sphere and you're 488 00:23:27,520 --> 00:23:30,000 Speaker 1: the north pole of it, there's nowhere to go, nowhere 489 00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:33,280 Speaker 1: to go, there's no more northiness. 490 00:23:31,960 --> 00:23:34,919 Speaker 2: There's no north pole. Can the tape ends when you 491 00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:35,880 Speaker 2: try to rewind it more? 492 00:23:35,920 --> 00:23:38,320 Speaker 1: That's right, and that's something we're comfortable with. We're accepting 493 00:23:38,359 --> 00:23:40,520 Speaker 1: the fact that a sphere has like a limit and edge, 494 00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:43,960 Speaker 1: and it's reasonable for that for there be nothing beyond it. 495 00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:45,679 Speaker 1: But when we think of time, we tend to think 496 00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:48,119 Speaker 1: of in a line, and so we want there to 497 00:23:48,119 --> 00:23:50,080 Speaker 1: be something before it, or at least for there to 498 00:23:50,080 --> 00:23:52,800 Speaker 1: be a reason why it's started here and not somewhere 499 00:23:52,800 --> 00:23:56,640 Speaker 1: else or some other other you know, time or it's 500 00:23:56,640 --> 00:24:00,240 Speaker 1: a very natural, I think idea to have intuitively, to 501 00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:02,560 Speaker 1: think that something should have been before then. But it 502 00:24:02,640 --> 00:24:05,280 Speaker 1: could be that there was nothing that the things were 503 00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:07,520 Speaker 1: created at that moment and there was nothing before the. 504 00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:10,440 Speaker 2: Here and then we came. Yeah, we dropped the mic. 505 00:24:11,560 --> 00:24:13,720 Speaker 1: We came, We made this podcast, and that's a summary 506 00:24:13,760 --> 00:24:18,879 Speaker 1: of all the whole universe in a nutshell. And you know, 507 00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:21,280 Speaker 1: any of those theories. First of all, those are very 508 00:24:21,320 --> 00:24:24,280 Speaker 1: difficult to test, and it's hard to imagine how we'll 509 00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:27,600 Speaker 1: ever know. Right, it might be that there aren't any 510 00:24:27,640 --> 00:24:31,320 Speaker 1: clues in the rubble of the universe to tell us 511 00:24:31,359 --> 00:24:33,359 Speaker 1: which one is, which one is, which there might be, 512 00:24:33,720 --> 00:24:36,879 Speaker 1: Although I'd like to have faith in future scientists coming 513 00:24:36,920 --> 00:24:39,720 Speaker 1: up with clever ideas for ways to test these theories, 514 00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:42,199 Speaker 1: which right now seem impossible to test. But in the 515 00:24:42,200 --> 00:24:43,520 Speaker 1: future people can. 516 00:24:43,600 --> 00:24:45,680 Speaker 2: Everybody able to see beyond the Big Bang? 517 00:24:46,240 --> 00:24:50,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, maybe maybe they'll find some evidence in the current 518 00:24:50,040 --> 00:24:51,760 Speaker 1: rubble that tells them, oh, is this or is that? 519 00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:54,480 Speaker 1: Or is the other thing? But even if you get there, 520 00:24:54,800 --> 00:24:57,320 Speaker 1: imagine having an answer to one of these questions. 521 00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:59,359 Speaker 2: Right, what do you think knowing what happened before the 522 00:24:59,359 --> 00:25:02,240 Speaker 2: Big Bang would tell you like, how would how would 523 00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:02,960 Speaker 2: it change your life? 524 00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:05,240 Speaker 1: I think it would change everybody's life. I think it's 525 00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:09,000 Speaker 1: the kind of knowledge that would filter into like the 526 00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:12,520 Speaker 1: global consciousness. Think about like how quantum mechanics has changed 527 00:25:12,520 --> 00:25:15,240 Speaker 1: the way people think about things. But there's randomness in 528 00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:18,560 Speaker 1: the universe, right, The universe is not following a fixed 529 00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:21,400 Speaker 1: set of rules, but that those rules have fuzz in them. 530 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:24,520 Speaker 2: You think it's changed the global consciousness. 531 00:25:24,800 --> 00:25:27,959 Speaker 1: Absolutely, and not just in New ag people who you know, 532 00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:31,080 Speaker 1: but in everybody thinking about the universes being a little 533 00:25:31,080 --> 00:25:39,160 Speaker 1: different from what they imagined. Do you have a question 534 00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:41,760 Speaker 1: you wish we would cover. We'd love to hear from you. 535 00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:44,159 Speaker 1: You can find us at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at 536 00:25:44,200 --> 00:25:47,280 Speaker 1: Daniel and Jorge That's one word, or email us at 537 00:25:47,359 --> 00:25:53,560 Speaker 1: Feedback at Danielandhorge dot com.