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Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature feature production of iHeartRadio. I'm your host

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Speaker 1: of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology and evolutionary biology,

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Speaker 1: and today on the show, we're going to talk about

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Speaker 1: some weird, wet, and sometimes mucusy sea creatures. No matter

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Speaker 1: how strange they seem, their behavior isn't always so different

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Speaker 1: from us terrestrial animals, and maybe we can learn how

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Speaker 1: to live a little from them. From the sunlight to

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Speaker 1: the abyssle zone. We're going to go over some of

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Speaker 1: the weirdest citizens of the sea. Because joining me today

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Speaker 1: is science writer for The New York Times and author

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Speaker 1: of the new book Leaving the Ocean Was a Mistake.

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Speaker 1: Life Lessons from Sixty Sea Creatures. Kara Jaimo.

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Speaker 2: Welcome, Hi, Katie. It's great to be back.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I got a.

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Speaker 3: Copy of the book.

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Speaker 1: It's very enchanting. I love all of it. The illustrations

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Speaker 1: by Vlad Sinkovic areautiful. And then you have coupled with

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Speaker 1: it these amazing nuggets of knowledge wisdom about each of

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Speaker 1: these sea creatures, and I feel like it gives you

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Speaker 1: a really beautiful, charming sense of how wildly diverse the

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Speaker 1: ocean is. And all these really weird things that are

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Speaker 1: so like, they're so unusual, and it goes beyond sort

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Speaker 1: of just like kind of the sea creatures we know,

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Speaker 1: like sharks, jellyfish, et cetera. I mean that there are

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Speaker 1: there are definitely ones that you will know in this

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Speaker 1: book and really interesting facts about them as well. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: I love it because it really gives a nice sense

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Speaker 1: of how weird these animals can be and nonsensical they

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Speaker 1: can be. Yeah, I mean, I want to talk about

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Speaker 1: the subjects of your book a little bit, but first,

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Speaker 1: of these sixty sea creatures you wrote about, are there

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Speaker 1: any that really were kind of your favorites or close

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Speaker 1: to your favorite or the weirdest one that you were

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Speaker 1: most surprised to write about?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, totally.

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Speaker 4: I mean I found the research and writing process for

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Speaker 4: this book actually maybe surprisingly surprising, considering that I do

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Speaker 4: write a lot about.

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Speaker 2: Weird little critters.

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Speaker 4: But the ocean was a little bit of a zone

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Speaker 4: for me that I had not thoroughly explored, So I

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Speaker 4: kept being excited at surprise to like run into a

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Speaker 4: weird guy. I think one of my favorites. Let me

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Speaker 4: just flip and find it in my own book. There's

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Speaker 4: like a special interspecies friendship which I always love between

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Speaker 4: this really huge, kind of scary looking jellyfish and this

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Speaker 4: really tiny fish. So it's the giant Phantom jelly which

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Speaker 4: is like a really very big jellyfish. It's bell so like,

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Speaker 4: you know, the top part is the size of like

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Speaker 4: your rige bean bag chair, and then it has these

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Speaker 4: really long arms that I wrote are like haunted drapes,

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Speaker 4: so it's sort of like a haunted looking jellyfish. And

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Speaker 4: then it has this tiny friend, this little white fish

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Speaker 4: called the pelagic brachela, and they just like are always

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Speaker 4: found together.

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Speaker 2: Like the funny thing about doing research.

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Speaker 4: For this book is also that a lot of these

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Speaker 4: creatures have only been seen three or four times total

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Speaker 4: in the history of like recorded anything. But every time

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Speaker 4: scientists and researchers have seen this big jellyfish, it's had

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Speaker 4: a little fish friend.

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Speaker 2: So I think that's kind of nice.

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Speaker 1: And do they have any ideas as to why these

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Speaker 1: guys are buddies?

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Speaker 2: No, they don't.

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Speaker 4: I don't think anyone has really looked into it. Like

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Speaker 4: deep sea research is hilarious because they're just kind of like,

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Speaker 4: I mean, not to you know, sell anyone short. But

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Speaker 4: all they can really do is be like, hey, look

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Speaker 4: at that guy. Oh he's gone. I hope I see

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Speaker 4: him again.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes we check out this weirdo we found. Yeah, anyway,

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Speaker 1: never seen him again. Yeah, that's this is something that happens.

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Speaker 1: Like where I'm researching for the show things about deep

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Speaker 1: sea creatures, I find one that's like, oh, this looks

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Speaker 1: incredibly gnarly. It must have so much interesting research done

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Speaker 1: on it. And no, not for a lack of wanting,

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Speaker 1: but it is very difficult to observe them and the

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Speaker 1: wild and often, like when you actually get specimens to

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Speaker 1: the surface, they just are not at all like what

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Speaker 1: they are in the ocean. You can't observe their behaviors

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Speaker 1: physically they might explode because when they're deep enough they don't.

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Speaker 1: They aren't actually designed to be able to survive totally.

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Speaker 1: And are you know PSI's up here, which is relatively

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Speaker 1: light compared to the crushing depths, so there's sort of

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Speaker 1: an explosion rather than an implosion. Yes, So they're really

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Speaker 1: hard to study. So so when we do find these

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Speaker 1: weird things, sometimes all we can do is speculate, right,

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Speaker 1: like look at behaviors of other animals, we say, there's

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Speaker 1: a lot of like symbiotic behaviors where you know, I

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Speaker 1: mean like one could imagine like maybe this little fish

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Speaker 1: is able to get some protection from the jellyfish. Maybe

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Speaker 1: it's eating some of the crumbs that the jellyfish is collected,

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Speaker 1: and maybe that helps with the jellyfish's hygiene, maybe it

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Speaker 1: helps attract other prey, the.

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Speaker 3: Movement of the fish.

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Speaker 1: All of this is I pulled all of this out

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Speaker 1: of my butt, Like this is not these are not

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Speaker 1: real facts. This is just there's so many potential possibilities

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Speaker 1: for this friendship that we have between them, because they're

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Speaker 1: like some this happens also with like terrestrial animals where

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Speaker 1: you'll just have like this very odd like almost it's

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Speaker 1: a buddy comedy because they don't seem like they would

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Speaker 1: work together. These tarantulas and micro highlight frogs where they're

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Speaker 1: just like heaty tiny little guys, little frogs, and then

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Speaker 1: these giant spiders and you think like, oh, the spider's

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Speaker 1: gonna eat that little guy. They don't, and they have

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Speaker 1: this like great relationship like Timone and Pumba. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: I love that. I have picked out some of my

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Speaker 1: favorites from the book and I've gone sort of in

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Speaker 1: order of descent, so like from the top of the

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Speaker 1: ocean to the bottom, which I also like in the

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Speaker 1: book that because I always get confused about ocean depths.

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Speaker 1: I'm like, yeah, pleagic zone, benthic zone, and then I

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Speaker 1: kind of like, I don't know, and then it gets

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Speaker 1: really dark yep, and I get confused. So I really

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Speaker 1: appreciate the structure of the zone of the book where

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Speaker 1: we go from the sunlight zone all the way down

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Speaker 1: to be a bus zone to the very bottom.

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Speaker 4: And you'll see like, oh, I'm sorry, no, go ahead,

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Speaker 4: you'll see like we my editor and I kind of

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Speaker 4: made this plot where as the creatures get deeper. Not

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Speaker 4: only did the illustrations get darker, because that's just what

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Speaker 4: makes sense, but the advice goes from being like maybe

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Speaker 4: a little bit cheesy to being like super surreal and weird,

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Speaker 4: because the idea is that these deep sea creatures like

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Speaker 4: are going to be even more out of touch with

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Speaker 4: our lives than the ones that are closer to us.

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Speaker 4: But there's still something to take from even the.

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Speaker 2: Most strange advice.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and I hope it made uh to be clear,

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Speaker 1: like these like as you learn about each of these animals.

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Speaker 1: They are also giving you some life advice, which I

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Speaker 1: appreciate and I do need. So I do you appreciate

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Speaker 1: their their advice, but particularly actually this first one is

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Speaker 1: great advice for me. I like to be a nice person,

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Speaker 1: but when when you are like a friendly person, it's

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Speaker 1: also really important establish firm boundaries, which is the gloomy

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Speaker 1: octopus's specialty. I love octopuses. I can't talk about it

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Speaker 1: the enough. They're so they're so intro like, they're so

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Speaker 1: intelligent and kind of mystical, but then they're also surprisingly

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Speaker 1: spunky sometimes, which I love. So talk about a little

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Speaker 1: bit this this gloomy octopus who does not have a

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Speaker 1: backbone but has a backbone.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, exactly.

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Speaker 4: So I really like this advice too, And I think

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Speaker 4: one of my sisters said that this is her favorite

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Speaker 4: piece of advice in the book. So the advice that

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Speaker 4: the gloomy octopus is giving to us is never be

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Speaker 4: afraid to set and enforce your boundaries. And the behavioral

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Speaker 4: observation that this advice comes from is that gloomy octopuses

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Speaker 4: are mostly solitary, like they spend a lot of their

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Speaker 4: time alone, like many octopuses, do, and if their neighbors

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Speaker 4: get too close to them, they will throw stuff at

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Speaker 4: them like shells, dirt and algae based whatever's around, in

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Speaker 4: order to kind of keep that boundary literally sort of like,

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Speaker 4: don't come any closer to me. I'm chilling by myself.

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Speaker 4: I don't need your intrusion here. I don't care how

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Speaker 4: curious you are. I don't care what you need. Like

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Speaker 4: this is my alone time almost all the time, so

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Speaker 4: that is that is kind of funny. I think this

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Speaker 4: gloomy octopus research came from one of my favorite research sites,

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Speaker 4: which is the two group octopus living sites Octopolus and Octlantis,

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Speaker 4: which are both off the coast of Australia, and we're

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Speaker 4: discovered by Australian scuba divers and snorkelers, and these are

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Speaker 4: places where octopuses actually do live together, which again is

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Speaker 4: as far as we know, kind of rare because they

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Speaker 4: like to be on their own. But these places are

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Speaker 4: so filled with it's like the undersea topography attracted so

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Speaker 4: many shellfish that the octopus has just started hanging out

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Speaker 4: and eating all the shellfish and then throwing the shells away.

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Speaker 4: And then when they see the shells away, they would

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Speaker 4: make beautiful sort of like structures that could be used

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Speaker 4: at octopus houses. So they're all like, okay, let's just

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Speaker 4: stay here. And then they ended up living in almost

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Speaker 4: like a little octopus city. And then they're like, oh no,

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Speaker 4: I hate living in a city.

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Speaker 2: I want to be on my own. And so at

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Speaker 2: that point they started throwing stuff at each other.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I love that. I think this happens probably with a

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Speaker 1: lot of introverts, where you find like a hobby that

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Speaker 1: introverts enjoy, from magic, the gathering to crocheting, whatever it is,

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Speaker 1: and then you're like, well, it's really convenient to share

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Speaker 1: the hobby with other people. And then you join a

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Speaker 1: bunch of groups. Ah, here's like a croche group, and

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Speaker 1: then and it's great because we can share yarn. And

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Speaker 1: then you're like, oh right, but I'm also very shy. Yes,

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Speaker 1: I forgot I forgot that detail. I love octopuses are

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Speaker 1: so relatable. This behavior reminds me a little bit of

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Speaker 1: the day octopus, which is another unique one in that

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Speaker 1: it does seem to have a relationship with other animals,

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Speaker 1: not necessarily other octopuses, but it seems to hunt with

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Speaker 1: other fish. They'll have sort of like the large groups

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Speaker 1: of these smaller predatory fish that kind of hang out

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Speaker 1: with the octopus. It's a little bit of a question

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Speaker 1: of like they are the fish just hanging out because

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Speaker 1: the octopus will act like a lawnmower and churn up

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Speaker 1: all this stuff and then the fish can benefit or

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Speaker 1: is it more of a mutualistic relationship. I think researchers

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Speaker 1: are kind of on the side of it being mutualistic

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Speaker 1: because the octopus seems to be able to benefit from

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Speaker 1: following the fish, like finding where the fish the fish

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Speaker 1: may be better at finding like prey, but then the

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Speaker 1: fish can't get to it because you have these coral

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Speaker 1: reefs that have a lot of nooks and crannies maybe

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Speaker 1: even like sand or rocks in the way that the

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Speaker 1: fish can't get at because the prey has learned how

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Speaker 1: to hide really well. So then the octopus can get

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Speaker 1: in there and flush it out. But sometimes the octopus

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Speaker 1: will give one of these little fish that it tolerates

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Speaker 1: really well a smack get smack with a tenticle, and

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Speaker 1: so researchers think maybe it's something where one of the

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Speaker 1: fish crosses a line isn't really cooperating in the hunt well, enough,

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Speaker 1: but it's it's just like it. It makes me think

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Speaker 1: of sort of those old tapestries you see with like

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Speaker 1: hunters with all their hunting dogs with these like but

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Speaker 1: it's these octopuses with a bunch of me going around.

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Speaker 1: I don't, I don't. I do not suggest that anyone

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Speaker 1: smacks their hunting dogs. I think that this is only

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Speaker 1: acceptable when it's done by an octopus because they're their

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Speaker 1: legs are so squishy.

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Speaker 4: Yes, yeah, okay, it's just more of like a it's

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Speaker 4: more of a communication than a violence.

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Speaker 1: Maybe, yes, yeah, exactly. That's what's so interesting to me,

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Speaker 1: because like the octopus could turn around, Like if a

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Speaker 1: fish is annoying it, why isn't the octopus just turning around,

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Speaker 1: grabbing it and eating it?

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Speaker 3: Right?

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Speaker 1: Like there's something I mean, it's probably a pretty careful

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Speaker 1: calculation where it's like, if it's a larger fish that

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Speaker 1: is going to be more of a struggle, that's probably

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Speaker 1: not worth it to the octopus. But also there's probably

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Speaker 1: some recognition of like, hey, we're working together pretty well

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Speaker 1: in general. Killing something that is helping me doesn't do

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Speaker 1: any good for me, But teaching it a lesson with

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Speaker 1: a little sort of limp noodled whack is you know,

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Speaker 1: constructive only in this circumstance. I'm usually very much a pacifist,

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Speaker 1: but you know, when you're literally don't have a spine,

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Speaker 1: I don't know what else you can do to enforce

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Speaker 1: your boundaries with You might have to throw some stuff.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 4: The way they throw this stuff is cool too, Just

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Speaker 4: before we move on, they'll like scoop it up with

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Speaker 4: their arms, and then they'll sometimes use their little siphons

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Speaker 4: that they have to like blow it.

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Speaker 1: Oh amazing, like leaf flowers. Yeah, exactly, that's incredible. We

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Speaker 1: see that in like captive octopuses too, where they'll either

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Speaker 1: use their own siphons so like push things around, or

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Speaker 1: they learn to use the the pumps in their tanks,

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Speaker 1: and they'll like take maybe like something that's floating. Like

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Speaker 1: sometimes researchals will kind of leave little toys for them,

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Speaker 1: not they're not real toys, but it's like I've heard,

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Speaker 1: like empty plastic bottles or something, and then the octopus

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Speaker 1: likes to play fetch with themselves by like throwing it

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Speaker 1: in the current. Yeah. So they're very clever and also

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Speaker 1: sometimes a little bit cranky, which I love. Yeah. So

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Speaker 1: another this is kind of like going in the wildly

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Speaker 1: opposite direction. But hump back whales like one of the

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Speaker 1: largest vertebrates in the world that lives in the ocean.

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Speaker 1: It's it's always interesting to me because they're so whales

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Speaker 1: are so huge. The assumption I think is that we

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Speaker 1: should know pretty much everything about them because they're the

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Speaker 1: biggest animal in the world. They're mammals like us, they're vertebrates.

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Speaker 1: They're so present in our popular culture. But then when

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Speaker 1: you get to these like relatively large whales, the research

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Speaker 1: is a lot thinner than you would think because it's

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Speaker 1: just so hard to like observe them and kind of

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Speaker 1: station yourself, Like, yes, we see them when they're migrating,

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Speaker 1: but then when they're like deep in the ocean in

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Speaker 1: their element, there's a lot of behaviors that we kind

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Speaker 1: of miss. So I really love it when we do

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Speaker 1: find something really interesting about them, because they're really really complicated.

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Speaker 1: So I love you talk about like people I think

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Speaker 1: are generally aware of whale song that they sing. They

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Speaker 1: have unique songs, and they're socially intelligent. But what you

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Speaker 1: talk about, I think is a pretty interesting fact that

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Speaker 1: I don't think people would be as familiar with in

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Speaker 1: terms of their their song repertoires.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, so this is super fun and something I've had

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Speaker 4: in my mind since I first wrote about it, maybe

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Speaker 4: like six years ago, just because of the new study

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Speaker 4: came out and I happened to see it. But like

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Speaker 4: you said, yeah, humpback whales are known for singing. Their

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Speaker 4: songs are quite famous. There are like recordings of them

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Speaker 4: that you can buy in cool New age stores to

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Speaker 4: this day. And then everybody knows what their songs sound like.

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Speaker 4: They're very like haunting and beautiful and exactly and basically

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Speaker 4: like songs are a cultural thing for them, and different

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Speaker 4: populations of these whales who meet at particular breeding grounds

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Speaker 4: all around the world will have like certain songs, and

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Speaker 4: those songs will change from year to year, but they'll

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Speaker 4: all kind of like have their their favorite songs that

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Speaker 4: they all sing together. But researchers notice that different populations

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Speaker 4: were sort of like borrowing from each other's songs and

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Speaker 4: like remixing little bits into their own songs.

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Speaker 2: And they were like, how is this happening? When are

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Speaker 2: they hanging out? And they figured out that there is

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Speaker 2: like this place in the South Pacific specifically where whales.

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Speaker 4: In the area all come and hang out and sing

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Speaker 4: together and like kind of teach each other maybe or

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Speaker 4: like listen to each other's songs. And then when they

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Speaker 4: depart again, that's when this like remixing happens. When they're

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Speaker 4: sort of like, I heard this really cool thing that

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Speaker 4: this guy from way far away was doing, and now

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Speaker 4: I'm going to try to do it. And so yeah,

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Speaker 4: it's this very cool cultural spot off the coast of

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Speaker 4: New Zealand that I like to call a humpback whale

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Speaker 4: karaoke zone where.

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Speaker 2: Everybody comes and tries out each other's music. And so

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Speaker 2: that's amazing.

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Speaker 4: The advice that we kind of took from that for

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Speaker 4: the book is share your art with friends and don't

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Speaker 4: be weird about copyright.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I completely agree with that.

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Speaker 3: Fair use.

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Speaker 1: Whales understand fair use exactly. Why why doesn't YouTube? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I love that. I mean it is really interesting, like

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Speaker 1: it is. I think we when it comes to animals

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Speaker 1: that have songs, even animals that are arguably less complicated

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Speaker 1: and intelligent versus wales, like songbirds, you do see a

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Speaker 1: lot of evidence of local dialects and then cultural shifts,

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Speaker 1: generational shifts in song choice. Birds are also influenced by

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Speaker 1: when they like migrate and they encounter maybe birds that

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Speaker 1: have like a different dialect from them, they then start

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Speaker 1: to kind of shift their songs a little bit. So

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Speaker 1: there's a lot of this like kind of I think,

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Speaker 1: you know, when you have an animal who learns their

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Speaker 1: songs and their calls, like, because there are plenty of

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Speaker 1: like say songbirds or animals that make a certain kind

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Speaker 1: of call, who are just born basically with a pre

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Speaker 1: programmed thing that they do. Usually it's very simple because

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Speaker 1: you don't have a lot of sort of space to

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Speaker 1: write really complicated programming in an in a newborn animal's brain.

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Speaker 1: But for the ones that have really complicated repertoires, that's

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Speaker 1: almost always through learning, which is the case for whales,

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Speaker 1: which is the case for songbirds. And when you have that,

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Speaker 1: then you almost it seems almost inevitable that you're gonna

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Speaker 1: have like cultural changes in cultural influence because it's since

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Speaker 1: it's a learning process, since they have to learn from

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Speaker 1: those around them, there's there's like really interesting evolution of

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Speaker 1: songs of groups of like and then you see the

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Speaker 1: influence of other groups. So it's much more I think

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Speaker 1: similar to like you'll find in animals who are learners

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Speaker 1: that kind of they when you whenever you have different

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Speaker 1: populations of them, you inevitably have kind of different cultural

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Speaker 1: habits and then those influencing each other, which I find

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Speaker 1: really really interesting.

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Speaker 2: And like.

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Speaker 4: When and I first wrote about this, one of the

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Speaker 4: commenters on the article was like, why do we call

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Speaker 4: these songs, which, like, I don't know, that's a whole

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Speaker 4: question in itself. But then this person said, like, maybe

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Speaker 4: these whales are exchanging information, Like maybe this is a

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Speaker 4: form of oral storytelling or like passing along stuff from

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Speaker 4: like this is what it's like in my part of

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Speaker 4: the ocean right now, Like if you come through, look

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Speaker 4: out for that octopus who's throwing shit or whatever. And yeah,

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Speaker 4: I thought that was really interesting too, because I know

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Speaker 4: there are more and more attempts to kind of decode

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Speaker 4: whale language, and I have a lot of thoughts about that,

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Speaker 4: but this could be, yeah, a way of them not

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Speaker 4: only like having fun, but like telling each other important stuff,

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Speaker 4: the same way that humans do in songs and other

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Speaker 4: species as well.

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Speaker 1: I definitely think there could be something too whales communicating

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Speaker 1: information through their song. I would my guess would be

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Speaker 1: it's probably not like the same kind of like grammatical

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Speaker 1: structure as human language has. But maybe there's something some

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Speaker 1: other way that they're communicating that just does not not

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Speaker 1: how we use language, But that doesn't mean it's not

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Speaker 1: a form of language or communication.

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Speaker 4: It's so funny to think about, because like, I don't

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Speaker 4: know humans. We have this spoken language that we use

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Speaker 4: for so so many things, and then we have a

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Speaker 4: written equivalent, and like to an outside observer, I don't

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Speaker 4: I think it would be pretty hard to figure out

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Speaker 4: that those things were connected, or that this thing we're

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Speaker 4: doing with our mouths is necessarily communicating, because we do

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Speaker 4: so many other things. So sometimes I think about, like

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Speaker 4: when we were watching whales and listening to them, we're

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Speaker 4: like sort of like aliens trying to figure out like

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Speaker 4: what they're doing. And if aliens were watching us, they

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Speaker 4: might be like, oh, humans communicate through the length of

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Speaker 4: their hair, or like humans communicate through like the weird

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Speaker 4: things they do with their hands, like as they're moving

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Speaker 4: their mouths, like they wouldn't necessarily.

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Speaker 1: Italians do, for sure, and I should know I live

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Speaker 1: in Italy. That part's true.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, but like we have to.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, it's so easy to like map map our own

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Speaker 4: stuff onto other creatures, and to some extent that's helpful

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Speaker 4: because we all do share needs and drives and a

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Speaker 4: certain evolutionary history.

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Speaker 2: But it only can go so far.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly, we can overdo it with putting sort of

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Speaker 1: human feelings onto animals, but we can also underdo it

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Speaker 1: where we just like, of course, we're going to share

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Speaker 1: a lot of characteristics with animals. We're all we've all

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Speaker 1: evolved on the same sort of stuff as they have

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Speaker 1: in general, so there's going to be some similarities. I

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Speaker 1: do want to talk about the sarcastic French head before

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Speaker 1: that break. I love these guys so much. They're this

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Speaker 1: sort of like when they're just kind of in their

405
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Speaker 1: normal state, they're kind of this awkwardly shaped brown fish

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Speaker 1: with this huge head and kind of a slim body.

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Speaker 1: They just look a little bit funky. There's nothing to

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Speaker 1: me they like. They're not intimidating at all. They're just

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Speaker 1: kind of like a weirdly shaped little fish. But then

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Speaker 1: when they're competing with each other, they have this really

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Speaker 1: like it's both kind of It can be viewed as

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Speaker 1: scary or funny, I think, depending on your perspective. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: you want to talk a little bit about their the

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Speaker 1: special party trick that they have.

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Speaker 4: Yes, it's totally worth looking up a video of this

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Speaker 4: when anyone has the time. If this was like a

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Speaker 4: sort of magical book, I would have put a moving

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Speaker 4: image on this page because these French heads, which, like

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Speaker 4: Katie said, are sort of like cute, droopy mouthed little

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Speaker 4: fish that kind of like bop along underwater when they

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Speaker 4: are feeling you know, it's hard to say if they're

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Speaker 4: feeling aggressive, if they're feeling flirty, like why they do this,

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Speaker 4: but they open their mouths and their mouth opens like

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Speaker 4: like a horror movie monster.

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Speaker 1: Mouth or like yeah, like Predator from Predator, you know, yeah,

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Speaker 1: that has a little like weird sort of I don't know.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it's like a like yeah, like a pop up tent.

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Speaker 4: It's sort of like pop yeah, and it's suddenly like

429
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Speaker 4: so much bigger and like so much sort of more

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Speaker 4: like scarily angled. And uh So they do this and

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Speaker 4: one will go like wow at the other one, and

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Speaker 4: then the other one will go like waw back, and

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Speaker 4: then they sort of just like make out, like they

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Speaker 4: squish their mouths together and they like around yeah. Yeah,

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Speaker 4: and nobody is totally sure, like what this is about

436
00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:41,760
Speaker 4: or why they do it?

437
00:24:41,800 --> 00:24:42,720
Speaker 2: And the top.

438
00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:45,280
Speaker 4: Theory is like, okay, it's like an aggressive contest almost

439
00:24:45,320 --> 00:24:48,199
Speaker 4: like you know, deer with antlers, and the winner is

440
00:24:48,280 --> 00:24:51,719
Speaker 4: going to get like the best house, which is right,

441
00:24:51,840 --> 00:24:54,199
Speaker 4: It's like if you think about it as like a

442
00:24:54,280 --> 00:24:58,040
Speaker 4: human reality competition show that's on, like you know, the

443
00:24:59,119 --> 00:25:02,800
Speaker 4: HGTV or what ever, it's like yeah, fringe head house

444
00:25:02,880 --> 00:25:03,920
Speaker 4: makeout competition.

445
00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:08,800
Speaker 1: Honestly, the housing market is so messed up, like if

446
00:25:08,840 --> 00:25:11,800
Speaker 1: we just had a new system where it's like whoever

447
00:25:11,920 --> 00:25:17,000
Speaker 1: has the most unfoldable mouth gets the biggest house, I'm

448
00:25:17,040 --> 00:25:17,639
Speaker 1: fine with that.

449
00:25:17,800 --> 00:25:18,800
Speaker 3: I don't know, like.

450
00:25:18,760 --> 00:25:22,000
Speaker 1: It's I think it's it's already it's already a pretty

451
00:25:22,040 --> 00:25:25,040
Speaker 1: messed up market. Yeah, yeah, I do think that the

452
00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:29,920
Speaker 1: theory that this is like a form of like I

453
00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:33,280
Speaker 1: because it's this kind of competition happens a lot between

454
00:25:33,280 --> 00:25:37,159
Speaker 1: males with a lot of other species where yes, you

455
00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:40,760
Speaker 1: could fight each other, but both the victor and the

456
00:25:40,840 --> 00:25:46,160
Speaker 1: loser uh suffers some cost from that, right, could be energy,

457
00:25:47,119 --> 00:25:51,160
Speaker 1: it could be injury, it could even be killing one another. Right,

458
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:55,600
Speaker 1: so there's a big cost involved to physically fighting with arrival.

459
00:25:55,600 --> 00:26:00,560
Speaker 1: If you're fighting over resources, over territory, over access to emails.

460
00:26:01,040 --> 00:26:06,520
Speaker 1: There's a motivation to fight, but actually fighting is really costly.

461
00:26:07,240 --> 00:26:10,159
Speaker 1: So a lot of animals have developed kind of a

462
00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:14,640
Speaker 1: system where they either sort of like measure each others up,

463
00:26:14,720 --> 00:26:16,919
Speaker 1: like their bodies, Like they look at their bodies and

464
00:26:16,920 --> 00:26:19,400
Speaker 1: they're like, you know, you might have two elephant seals

465
00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:22,160
Speaker 1: kind of waddle up to each other and like kind

466
00:26:22,160 --> 00:26:25,320
Speaker 1: of size each other up, like, Okay, who's actually gonna

467
00:26:25,320 --> 00:26:29,160
Speaker 1: win this, like before they start slamming their necks into

468
00:26:29,200 --> 00:26:34,119
Speaker 1: each other, right, because neither of them necessarily wants to fight,

469
00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:38,800
Speaker 1: because they would much rather it just be like, oh, yeah,

470
00:26:38,800 --> 00:26:41,320
Speaker 1: I know you're way bigger, like I'll be gone bye,

471
00:26:41,320 --> 00:26:43,320
Speaker 1: I'll see you. Because that's better for the one that

472
00:26:43,359 --> 00:26:46,000
Speaker 1: would lose, certainly, but also for the one that would win,

473
00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:48,680
Speaker 1: because the one that would win might still get injured

474
00:26:48,840 --> 00:26:50,719
Speaker 1: or at least have to waste a bunch of effort

475
00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:52,720
Speaker 1: fending off all these little guys.

476
00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:55,120
Speaker 3: So you they.

477
00:26:54,960 --> 00:26:57,359
Speaker 1: Want to generally be able to find out like, Okay,

478
00:26:57,359 --> 00:27:01,200
Speaker 1: who's tougher, who's bigger? The only the problem is when

479
00:27:01,240 --> 00:27:03,920
Speaker 1: you have a situation where it's less clear right where

480
00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:06,000
Speaker 1: it's like, ah, we don't know who's actually gonna win.

481
00:27:06,040 --> 00:27:08,160
Speaker 1: We're kind of the same size. And then they actually

482
00:27:08,200 --> 00:27:11,400
Speaker 1: have to fight, and it can be pretty pretty grizzly

483
00:27:11,480 --> 00:27:15,520
Speaker 1: with all sorts of animals, like from from deer to

484
00:27:16,240 --> 00:27:19,520
Speaker 1: elf and seals to lions. But then with these French heads,

485
00:27:19,560 --> 00:27:21,520
Speaker 1: which I find really interesting. Of course we don't know,

486
00:27:21,560 --> 00:27:24,359
Speaker 1: and so this is a little bit it's out of

487
00:27:24,400 --> 00:27:27,560
Speaker 1: my butte university, but kind of like an educated butt,

488
00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:31,119
Speaker 1: so you know, take from it what you will. It

489
00:27:31,280 --> 00:27:34,160
Speaker 1: seems like they have kind of come up with maybe

490
00:27:34,200 --> 00:27:38,760
Speaker 1: a like a symbolic display of fitness, right with like

491
00:27:38,920 --> 00:27:41,880
Speaker 1: jaw size, right, because jaw size is a that would

492
00:27:41,880 --> 00:27:44,679
Speaker 1: be like a fairly honest signal of fitness in a

493
00:27:44,680 --> 00:27:47,920
Speaker 1: lot of ways. But their jaws are very like ornamental

494
00:27:48,200 --> 00:27:50,399
Speaker 1: and weird in a way that it makes it seem

495
00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:53,680
Speaker 1: like they're kind of trying to send a strong signal

496
00:27:53,720 --> 00:27:57,919
Speaker 1: to each other of like, hey, I'm really tough, to

497
00:27:57,960 --> 00:28:01,320
Speaker 1: the point where it's become very much like a ritualistic

498
00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:05,280
Speaker 1: dance where they almost have it seems like they've almost

499
00:28:05,280 --> 00:28:09,000
Speaker 1: completely done away with the any kind of realistic fighting

500
00:28:10,280 --> 00:28:13,359
Speaker 1: and it's more like a sports game, right, and then

501
00:28:13,400 --> 00:28:17,360
Speaker 1: the loser of this like weird kissing sport goes off,

502
00:28:17,400 --> 00:28:19,880
Speaker 1: and then the winner gets the nice house. So it's

503
00:28:20,119 --> 00:28:23,800
Speaker 1: I think it's really interesting. There's definitely some kind of

504
00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:27,680
Speaker 1: communication going on here where they have sort of traded

505
00:28:27,720 --> 00:28:33,359
Speaker 1: in actual weaponry for kind of a more symbolic like hey,

506
00:28:33,480 --> 00:28:36,080
Speaker 1: like the flag I'm waving is bigger than yours, so

507
00:28:36,280 --> 00:28:37,879
Speaker 1: like that's how we're gonna settle this.

508
00:28:38,040 --> 00:28:40,200
Speaker 4: I've just been watching this video of them on loop.

509
00:28:41,320 --> 00:28:43,680
Speaker 4: It's in the New York Times rite up of this paper,

510
00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:46,280
Speaker 4: which I didn't write. It's by Jason din But the

511
00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:48,160
Speaker 4: video is just like they're in a little tank, the

512
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:51,600
Speaker 4: two fringe heads. They are like approximately the same size,

513
00:28:52,520 --> 00:28:55,160
Speaker 4: and one of them is in this like really sweet

514
00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:58,280
Speaker 4: looking house, which is a shell, and the other one

515
00:28:58,320 --> 00:29:00,480
Speaker 4: doesn't seem to have a house, and so the one

516
00:29:00,480 --> 00:29:02,360
Speaker 4: without a house is like, ugh, fine, I guess I

517
00:29:02,480 --> 00:29:04,920
Speaker 4: better try to go get a house. He goes up

518
00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:07,360
Speaker 4: to the shell, and the one in the shell just

519
00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:10,680
Speaker 4: kind of like rises out of the shell and it's

520
00:29:10,720 --> 00:29:12,920
Speaker 4: like it is time for me, like you said, to

521
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:15,840
Speaker 4: perform the ritual and just like opens his mouth like waw,

522
00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:18,440
Speaker 4: and the other one's like fine, and it's like wah,

523
00:29:18,920 --> 00:29:20,920
Speaker 4: and they just press their mouths together. And then the one,

524
00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:23,720
Speaker 4: the loser who doesn't live in the shell, it doesn't

525
00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:25,680
Speaker 4: take that long for him to be like okay, like

526
00:29:25,720 --> 00:29:28,480
Speaker 4: I had to try, you know, like you said, it's

527
00:29:28,480 --> 00:29:31,760
Speaker 4: not really like a It doesn't seem that high stakes.

528
00:29:32,440 --> 00:29:35,760
Speaker 4: It seems a little bit more like there's two guys

529
00:29:35,760 --> 00:29:37,840
Speaker 4: in the weight room and one of them isn't done

530
00:29:37,840 --> 00:29:40,080
Speaker 4: with his reps yet, and the other one's trying to

531
00:29:40,120 --> 00:29:42,440
Speaker 4: get on the bench, and they have a little like

532
00:29:42,640 --> 00:29:45,880
Speaker 4: right yeh, and then order is restored.

533
00:29:46,840 --> 00:29:48,720
Speaker 1: It's like a little dance you do when you're on

534
00:29:48,760 --> 00:29:51,200
Speaker 1: the sidewalk and you're both kind of like figuring out

535
00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:53,800
Speaker 1: who shouldn't do exactly left versus the right. I'm really

536
00:29:53,800 --> 00:29:56,400
Speaker 1: bad at that. I do that all the time. But yeah,

537
00:29:56,440 --> 00:29:59,320
Speaker 1: it's it's really it is really funny to me how

538
00:29:59,360 --> 00:30:03,120
Speaker 1: they've you know, like again, we like Kara was saying,

539
00:30:03,120 --> 00:30:05,440
Speaker 1: we don't exactly know why they do this, but it

540
00:30:05,480 --> 00:30:10,840
Speaker 1: definitely seems like some kind of ritualistic, symbolic placeholder for

541
00:30:11,120 --> 00:30:18,880
Speaker 1: actual aggression, actual fighting, some form of communication that is

542
00:30:19,160 --> 00:30:24,520
Speaker 1: helping them to resolve conflict, which is I think really nice. Yeah,

543
00:30:24,560 --> 00:30:27,480
Speaker 1: a nice, nice lesson. We can learn from them totally.

544
00:30:28,320 --> 00:30:30,520
Speaker 4: And the advice that we have for them is, if

545
00:30:30,560 --> 00:30:32,840
Speaker 4: you can solve it with fighting, you can probably solve

546
00:30:32,840 --> 00:30:34,960
Speaker 4: it with smooching exactly.

547
00:30:35,920 --> 00:30:37,520
Speaker 3: I agree with that.

548
00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:42,680
Speaker 1: I think the world needs more giant tint flap smooching

549
00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:46,280
Speaker 1: versus fighting. We're going to take a quick break and

550
00:30:46,320 --> 00:30:48,960
Speaker 1: then when we come back, we're gonna head deeper down

551
00:30:49,640 --> 00:30:53,600
Speaker 1: into the Twilight Zone, which is not just the rod

552
00:30:53,680 --> 00:30:56,760
Speaker 1: Sterling Show, but an actual part of the ocean, and

553
00:30:56,800 --> 00:31:01,200
Speaker 1: then even deeper as we discuss some of the amazing animals.

554
00:31:00,840 --> 00:31:01,600
Speaker 3: From Kara's book.

555
00:31:03,400 --> 00:31:06,400
Speaker 1: All Right, so now we're in the twilight Zone, just

556
00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:10,880
Speaker 1: a little darker. There's still light there, but it's definitely

557
00:31:10,920 --> 00:31:14,120
Speaker 1: getting a little dimmer. But the one I want to

558
00:31:14,120 --> 00:31:17,840
Speaker 1: talk about is the sea elephant, which not to be

559
00:31:17,880 --> 00:31:24,520
Speaker 1: confused with like elephant seals or elephant nose fish. These

560
00:31:24,560 --> 00:31:30,040
Speaker 1: are snails and they're really I found one photo of

561
00:31:30,080 --> 00:31:32,560
Speaker 1: it being held by I guess like a fisherman who

562
00:31:32,560 --> 00:31:35,520
Speaker 1: found it, and it's got the doofiest little face like

563
00:31:35,640 --> 00:31:38,120
Speaker 1: in the water. Like when they're in the water, they

564
00:31:38,720 --> 00:31:41,360
Speaker 1: are kind of hard to see because they're very transparent,

565
00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:44,280
Speaker 1: and they're kind of they looked sort of like this

566
00:31:44,320 --> 00:31:48,000
Speaker 1: ghostly outline. They they don't even look three dimensional really.

567
00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:51,200
Speaker 1: They look like a weird light pencil sketch of some

568
00:31:51,280 --> 00:31:56,480
Speaker 1: kind of weird globby snail shaped critter. And they don't

569
00:31:56,480 --> 00:32:00,360
Speaker 1: have shells, so they're just like all blobular. But then

570
00:32:00,400 --> 00:32:02,400
Speaker 1: when this guy has them in his hand, it's like

571
00:32:02,840 --> 00:32:05,280
Speaker 1: looking directly into the camera and you can see a

572
00:32:05,320 --> 00:32:09,040
Speaker 1: little face and they've got these long proboscises that look

573
00:32:09,160 --> 00:32:12,320
Speaker 1: like elephant noses. But it just looks like this weird

574
00:32:12,320 --> 00:32:17,200
Speaker 1: little elephant cartoon. Yeah, just the stupidest looking animal I've

575
00:32:17,240 --> 00:32:19,800
Speaker 1: seen in a while. So, uh, do you want to

576
00:32:19,840 --> 00:32:22,440
Speaker 1: talk a little bit about the elephant snail?

577
00:32:22,960 --> 00:32:24,880
Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean sorry, the sea elephant.

578
00:32:24,960 --> 00:32:25,920
Speaker 2: Yeah, the sea elephant.

579
00:32:26,080 --> 00:32:29,080
Speaker 4: Something truly amazing about doing research for this book was

580
00:32:29,080 --> 00:32:33,240
Speaker 4: like I had no idea like how many different sort

581
00:32:33,240 --> 00:32:37,200
Speaker 4: of tiny, little translucent guys are just like floating around

582
00:32:37,400 --> 00:32:38,080
Speaker 4: like hoping.

583
00:32:37,840 --> 00:32:39,200
Speaker 2: For the best in there.

584
00:32:41,920 --> 00:32:44,040
Speaker 4: Kind of just like okay, like I can move in

585
00:32:44,080 --> 00:32:46,000
Speaker 4: three dimensions, I being tossed about.

586
00:32:46,400 --> 00:32:49,120
Speaker 2: I have few defenses, and I'm just gonna try to

587
00:32:49,120 --> 00:32:52,560
Speaker 2: make this work. Yeah, and the sea elephant is one

588
00:32:52,560 --> 00:32:53,280
Speaker 2: of them.

589
00:32:53,640 --> 00:32:58,680
Speaker 4: And so yes, long time back and evolutionary history, these

590
00:32:58,720 --> 00:33:03,560
Speaker 4: guys had shells and presumably they lived, you know, on

591
00:33:03,680 --> 00:33:06,120
Speaker 4: the bottom or somewhere else where gravity would pull them

592
00:33:06,160 --> 00:33:09,000
Speaker 4: down and they had the protection of their shell, but

593
00:33:09,280 --> 00:33:13,040
Speaker 4: they evolved to live in the open water instead, totally shellless.

594
00:33:13,920 --> 00:33:15,800
Speaker 2: They have this really funky long nose.

595
00:33:15,600 --> 00:33:19,560
Speaker 4: Like you said, which is super cute, and they kind

596
00:33:19,560 --> 00:33:23,040
Speaker 4: of just like tumble around in the water column and

597
00:33:23,400 --> 00:33:25,200
Speaker 4: even though they don't have a shell to curl up inside,

598
00:33:25,200 --> 00:33:27,920
Speaker 4: they still curl, which I think is really cute. They're

599
00:33:27,920 --> 00:33:30,120
Speaker 4: in sort of like a summersault shape most of the time.

600
00:33:30,680 --> 00:33:32,719
Speaker 4: And so the advice that they are giving is remember

601
00:33:32,760 --> 00:33:36,040
Speaker 4: your roots, remember the snail times, even if you're in

602
00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:39,520
Speaker 4: a evolutionary stage that is maybe a bit more scary

603
00:33:40,160 --> 00:33:41,160
Speaker 4: and free falling.

604
00:33:41,520 --> 00:33:44,560
Speaker 1: I'm always trying to be humble and remember the snail time.

605
00:33:44,800 --> 00:33:46,480
Speaker 3: Yeah, but yeah, I.

606
00:33:46,400 --> 00:33:51,120
Speaker 1: Mean, they're interesting because they're movements. They even if they

607
00:33:51,160 --> 00:33:55,080
Speaker 1: don't like ambulate really fast in one direction, their movements

608
00:33:55,120 --> 00:33:59,640
Speaker 1: can be surprisingly like they're they're moving around quite a bit,

609
00:33:59,720 --> 00:34:02,680
Speaker 1: like if you compare it to say terrestrial snails movement

610
00:34:02,760 --> 00:34:05,920
Speaker 1: or even like a c snail's movement, Like they can

611
00:34:05,960 --> 00:34:08,759
Speaker 1: move around quite a bit, it just doesn't seem to

612
00:34:08,800 --> 00:34:12,719
Speaker 1: like propel them much in one direction. There's a lot

613
00:34:12,719 --> 00:34:16,919
Speaker 1: of like floundering, which I think is really cute. But yeah,

614
00:34:16,920 --> 00:34:20,560
Speaker 1: that the the the sort of like, well, why would

615
00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:22,840
Speaker 1: they like shells seem really helpful?

616
00:34:22,840 --> 00:34:24,240
Speaker 3: Why did they lose their shells?

617
00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:27,040
Speaker 1: That actually happens quite a bit in the ocean, where

618
00:34:27,040 --> 00:34:30,160
Speaker 1: you'll have something that starts out with a shell and

619
00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:33,719
Speaker 1: then loses it, like with a lot of molluscs. So

620
00:34:33,800 --> 00:34:38,359
Speaker 1: like cephalopods, like squid and octopuses, they used to have

621
00:34:38,640 --> 00:34:42,400
Speaker 1: like their common ancestor had like a shell that was

622
00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:45,120
Speaker 1: pretty weird like for some of them, like some of these,

623
00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:49,600
Speaker 1: like squid ancestors had like a giant conical shell that

624
00:34:49,640 --> 00:34:52,800
Speaker 1: looks like this like sort of giant unicorn horn type

625
00:34:52,840 --> 00:34:55,520
Speaker 1: thing that when you look at it, it's like all right,

626
00:34:55,560 --> 00:34:58,000
Speaker 1: I mean I get it, but it's a little much.

627
00:34:59,560 --> 00:35:01,640
Speaker 1: And so thought is that. I mean, you still have

628
00:35:01,719 --> 00:35:06,279
Speaker 1: nautiluses that have their shells, but for them, you know,

629
00:35:06,320 --> 00:35:09,160
Speaker 1: like for squid and octopuses, they don't have them and

630
00:35:09,200 --> 00:35:14,680
Speaker 1: they just probably like they got out competed by predators

631
00:35:14,760 --> 00:35:17,799
Speaker 1: that came along that had better defenses, and so they

632
00:35:17,840 --> 00:35:20,640
Speaker 1: went into the niche of being squishy, being to fit

633
00:35:20,719 --> 00:35:23,480
Speaker 1: into things and being able to hide under stuff, and

634
00:35:23,520 --> 00:35:27,680
Speaker 1: then as predators being to squished themselves into narrow passages that.

635
00:35:27,640 --> 00:35:28,840
Speaker 3: They can get stuff out of.

636
00:35:28,920 --> 00:35:35,480
Speaker 1: So I could not I found scant information on the clephant.

637
00:35:35,520 --> 00:35:38,200
Speaker 1: It seems like these are one of the ones where

638
00:35:39,160 --> 00:35:43,640
Speaker 1: we basically know they exist, that they're weird, and they

639
00:35:43,640 --> 00:35:49,560
Speaker 1: have eyes, we know that, but otherwise what exactly they're

640
00:35:49,640 --> 00:35:51,800
Speaker 1: up to is a little bit of a mystery. They're

641
00:35:51,840 --> 00:35:55,400
Speaker 1: one of these one of these weird guys that we

642
00:35:55,560 --> 00:35:58,080
Speaker 1: kind of know that what they look like, we know

643
00:35:58,160 --> 00:36:03,920
Speaker 1: they have eyeballs, uh, and that they used to have shells.

644
00:36:04,640 --> 00:36:07,919
Speaker 1: But then otherwise we're like, what do you doing, little guy?

645
00:36:07,960 --> 00:36:10,680
Speaker 1: And it's like, I don't know, just being being a

646
00:36:10,680 --> 00:36:13,640
Speaker 1: little guy, being a transparent little guy, trying not to

647
00:36:13,640 --> 00:36:14,120
Speaker 1: get eaten.

648
00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:16,799
Speaker 4: A lot of these, I mean, you mentioned this, a

649
00:36:16,800 --> 00:36:19,920
Speaker 4: lot of these snails and these shellless snails are also

650
00:36:20,040 --> 00:36:24,440
Speaker 4: like very ferocious predators. Like supposedly this c elephant is

651
00:36:24,440 --> 00:36:26,839
Speaker 4: a ferocious predator. It's just kind of hard to imagine. Yeah,

652
00:36:26,840 --> 00:36:29,359
Speaker 4: there's always going to be a smaller, more translucent guy

653
00:36:29,400 --> 00:36:30,960
Speaker 4: than you around to eat in.

654
00:36:30,920 --> 00:36:34,640
Speaker 1: These Yeah, there, schnalls is a little bit vacuum like,

655
00:36:34,680 --> 00:36:37,520
Speaker 1: so I can because they've got mouth parts at.

656
00:36:37,360 --> 00:36:40,440
Speaker 3: The very tip. So if you're if you're.

657
00:36:40,440 --> 00:36:45,000
Speaker 1: Like a little planktonic creature, I could see this being intimidating.

658
00:36:45,080 --> 00:36:48,520
Speaker 1: But to me, it is a premium goofass, So it's

659
00:36:48,560 --> 00:36:53,879
Speaker 1: really hard to imagine them as predators. Before we move

660
00:36:53,920 --> 00:36:56,920
Speaker 1: on to the deeper zones of the ocean, I want

661
00:36:56,960 --> 00:37:00,080
Speaker 1: to talk about the fire breathing shrimp. Yes, honestly, it

662
00:37:00,080 --> 00:37:03,840
Speaker 1: looks more like they're barfing up sort of like supernatural ecdoplasm.

663
00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:07,160
Speaker 1: But let's talk a little bit about their very very

664
00:37:07,239 --> 00:37:11,240
Speaker 1: unique defense mechanism totally.

665
00:37:11,480 --> 00:37:15,680
Speaker 4: So one cool thing about the ocean is that some

666
00:37:15,760 --> 00:37:20,000
Speaker 4: creatures can like either create or use bioluminescence, which is

667
00:37:20,120 --> 00:37:25,759
Speaker 4: like biologically produced light because they're especially when you get

668
00:37:25,760 --> 00:37:27,320
Speaker 4: deeper in the ocean, there's not a lot of natural

669
00:37:27,360 --> 00:37:29,600
Speaker 4: light that makes its way down there. So if you

670
00:37:29,640 --> 00:37:32,120
Speaker 4: can make your own light, or you can get like

671
00:37:32,200 --> 00:37:35,000
Speaker 4: a bacteria to make light that you can use.

672
00:37:35,360 --> 00:37:38,520
Speaker 1: That's my preferred method. Get the bacteria to do the

673
00:37:38,560 --> 00:37:39,120
Speaker 1: work for me.

674
00:37:40,960 --> 00:37:44,239
Speaker 4: You can kind of have this cool signaling like goo

675
00:37:44,680 --> 00:37:47,120
Speaker 4: that you can use however you want. And you know,

676
00:37:47,160 --> 00:37:51,359
Speaker 4: the anglerfish famously sometimes use it to like lure other

677
00:37:51,440 --> 00:37:53,640
Speaker 4: fish by just having like a little beacon and the

678
00:37:53,640 --> 00:37:58,240
Speaker 4: fish come over. But the fire everything shrimp, who I agree,

679
00:37:58,239 --> 00:38:01,120
Speaker 4: they gave him a very dignified name, but he's really

680
00:38:01,160 --> 00:38:06,279
Speaker 4: just barfing. He stores up this bioluminescent blue colored goo

681
00:38:07,200 --> 00:38:11,480
Speaker 4: in an organ called the hippato pancreas, which I don't

682
00:38:11,480 --> 00:38:13,920
Speaker 4: believe that humans have, but I guess I'm not sure.

683
00:38:14,480 --> 00:38:16,279
Speaker 3: And then when for.

684
00:38:16,239 --> 00:38:17,560
Speaker 1: Sure we do, I don't know if we have a

685
00:38:17,640 --> 00:38:19,000
Speaker 1: hippado pancreas.

686
00:38:19,640 --> 00:38:22,239
Speaker 4: If we do, maybe it's filled with glowing goo, so

687
00:38:22,320 --> 00:38:24,160
Speaker 4: that could be a cool thing to discover at some point.

688
00:38:25,280 --> 00:38:28,520
Speaker 4: But this guy, he stores this, uh, this goo in

689
00:38:28,640 --> 00:38:32,960
Speaker 4: hishippato pancreas, and he if he gets scared or threatened,

690
00:38:33,480 --> 00:38:35,040
Speaker 4: he's just like blah.

691
00:38:35,080 --> 00:38:37,439
Speaker 2: And then the blue gooo comes out. When it hits

692
00:38:37,480 --> 00:38:38,680
Speaker 2: the water, it lights up.

693
00:38:38,760 --> 00:38:41,600
Speaker 4: It's almost like if you crack a glow stick right

694
00:38:41,880 --> 00:38:44,799
Speaker 4: that triggers the light. And then the predator is like, WHOA,

695
00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:47,480
Speaker 4: where the bluegoo come from? Gets freaked out, and this

696
00:38:47,560 --> 00:38:48,760
Speaker 4: scrimp shrimp can escape.

697
00:38:48,800 --> 00:38:51,480
Speaker 1: So it's a really good Yeah, yeah, it's a it's

698
00:38:51,480 --> 00:38:54,520
Speaker 1: a similar like you do see that with Like so

699
00:38:54,840 --> 00:38:57,959
Speaker 1: squid have the the ink that they can release, which

700
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:01,920
Speaker 1: is a similarly defensive like, ah, you're threatening me, Like

701
00:39:02,080 --> 00:39:05,600
Speaker 1: here's a distruction, you know, like if anyone watches King

702
00:39:05,640 --> 00:39:08,040
Speaker 1: of the Hill, it's the dale Gripple's pocket sand that

703
00:39:08,080 --> 00:39:10,880
Speaker 1: he throws at you, like pocket sand you know, gets away.

704
00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:11,480
Speaker 4: Uh.

705
00:39:11,760 --> 00:39:15,359
Speaker 1: Terrestrial animals there are forgot what they're named. They're there

706
00:39:15,520 --> 00:39:19,320
Speaker 1: the there's a few baby birds actually who use either

707
00:39:19,520 --> 00:39:24,960
Speaker 1: projectile vomiting or pooping to ward off predators where it's like, ah,

708
00:39:25,160 --> 00:39:27,480
Speaker 1: you know, like you're coming at me, here's like some

709
00:39:27,640 --> 00:39:28,480
Speaker 1: startling vomit.

710
00:39:29,040 --> 00:39:29,400
Speaker 3: Uh.

711
00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:30,640
Speaker 2: So it is.

712
00:39:30,760 --> 00:39:33,719
Speaker 1: It is a technique, but I don't think I know

713
00:39:33,840 --> 00:39:38,719
Speaker 1: of any other defensive vomitters who bio use bioluminescence. Like

714
00:39:39,080 --> 00:39:45,080
Speaker 1: certainly you can use bioluminescence as sort of defensive distracting posturing.

715
00:39:45,120 --> 00:39:47,280
Speaker 1: That usually have seen that in animals that have actual

716
00:39:47,320 --> 00:39:55,000
Speaker 1: structures on their body that contain the bioluminescent gel. Whereas

717
00:39:55,080 --> 00:39:58,359
Speaker 1: these guys just like they have it you know, in

718
00:39:58,400 --> 00:40:01,759
Speaker 1: their in their patto pang grease and then vomit it up,

719
00:40:01,800 --> 00:40:08,439
Speaker 1: which is a very unique method of distracting predators. It's

720
00:40:08,680 --> 00:40:11,440
Speaker 1: it's very it's pretty. It's the prettiest vomit I think

721
00:40:11,480 --> 00:40:11,919
Speaker 1: I've seen.

722
00:40:12,400 --> 00:40:13,480
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's very pretty.

723
00:40:14,960 --> 00:40:18,920
Speaker 1: So now let's move down to the midnight zone. Just

724
00:40:18,960 --> 00:40:22,799
Speaker 1: to briefly mention the Ping Pong tree sponge seems like

725
00:40:22,880 --> 00:40:28,200
Speaker 1: it might have almost accidentally caused an international incident because

726
00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:31,200
Speaker 1: it is this is one of those things where it's like,

727
00:40:32,120 --> 00:40:34,879
Speaker 1: it looks like it comes from one of those sort

728
00:40:34,920 --> 00:40:39,440
Speaker 1: of pulp sci fi books where they imagine an alien landscape,

729
00:40:39,440 --> 00:40:42,160
Speaker 1: and this is like the alien tree you'd find on

730
00:40:42,640 --> 00:40:45,319
Speaker 1: an alien planet, which also, for some reason, also has

731
00:40:45,400 --> 00:40:49,000
Speaker 1: beautiful women on it, and that's never explained. But this

732
00:40:49,200 --> 00:40:53,279
Speaker 1: is like, this is a really weird looking thing that

733
00:40:53,320 --> 00:40:57,240
Speaker 1: does not look it neither looks like a living creature.

734
00:40:57,280 --> 00:41:00,320
Speaker 1: It looks artificial, nor does it look like an animal,

735
00:41:00,480 --> 00:41:01,040
Speaker 1: which it is.

736
00:41:02,400 --> 00:41:05,360
Speaker 4: It has a wonderful name, the Ping Pong tree sponge,

737
00:41:05,760 --> 00:41:09,719
Speaker 4: because that's what it looks like. Yes, so what you

738
00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:13,320
Speaker 4: hinted at is that I read that when US Navy

739
00:41:13,320 --> 00:41:16,920
Speaker 4: officers first saw the Ping Pong tree sponge in underwater

740
00:41:17,000 --> 00:41:20,400
Speaker 4: surveillance photos, they thought that it was like a Russian

741
00:41:20,440 --> 00:41:25,680
Speaker 4: device that was spying on the ocean. Granted I saw

742
00:41:25,719 --> 00:41:27,799
Speaker 4: this only in one source, but I felt like I

743
00:41:27,840 --> 00:41:29,759
Speaker 4: had to include it because I really want to know more.

744
00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:31,800
Speaker 4: I looked so hard for more information. I might have

745
00:41:31,880 --> 00:41:34,200
Speaker 4: to do like a Foyer request or something. So if

746
00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:38,840
Speaker 4: anybody knows about the near international incident caused by the

747
00:41:38,880 --> 00:41:40,920
Speaker 4: Ping Pong tree sponge, please get in touch with me,

748
00:41:41,280 --> 00:41:44,399
Speaker 4: because there's nothing I want to know about more. But

749
00:41:44,440 --> 00:41:47,000
Speaker 4: the website I found it on is like a government website,

750
00:41:47,040 --> 00:41:47,840
Speaker 4: so I do believe it.

751
00:41:47,880 --> 00:41:49,759
Speaker 2: But I just couldn't find anything.

752
00:41:49,440 --> 00:41:51,160
Speaker 3: Else, you know.

753
00:41:51,480 --> 00:41:53,480
Speaker 1: I mean, I just assume there's a lot of like

754
00:41:53,760 --> 00:41:57,959
Speaker 1: things during the Cold War where we almost almost blew

755
00:41:57,960 --> 00:42:01,440
Speaker 1: each other up and pass because of some kind of

756
00:42:01,480 --> 00:42:05,000
Speaker 1: weird sea creature where we're like, it's a Russian, a

757
00:42:05,080 --> 00:42:07,600
Speaker 1: Russian weapon, but it just turns out to be a

758
00:42:07,600 --> 00:42:11,160
Speaker 1: weird little sea sponge. It also, to me, it looks

759
00:42:11,239 --> 00:42:13,799
Speaker 1: kind of like a lamp you might buy in the seventies.

760
00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:18,440
Speaker 1: It's very it's very cool looking. But yeah, the the

761
00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:21,960
Speaker 1: you're mentioned in the book, like the structure of it

762
00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:27,839
Speaker 1: is actually not just like decorative obviously, but it's to

763
00:42:27,880 --> 00:42:34,600
Speaker 1: capture tiny crustaceans, tiny animals on these actual balls which

764
00:42:34,680 --> 00:42:37,239
Speaker 1: have like a bunch of little you can't really see

765
00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:40,960
Speaker 1: them from far away, but they have a bunch of

766
00:42:41,000 --> 00:42:45,680
Speaker 1: tiny little like hooks to catch little guys onto these balls.

767
00:42:45,680 --> 00:42:49,400
Speaker 1: So it's a it's functional, even though it looks like

768
00:42:49,480 --> 00:42:52,680
Speaker 1: something some kind of ikea lamp that would be called

769
00:42:52,719 --> 00:42:54,320
Speaker 1: like a bog or something.

770
00:42:57,200 --> 00:42:59,839
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's got they're like little birds, I think, right.

771
00:43:00,040 --> 00:43:03,560
Speaker 4: Imagine, sponges are so cool because they are also predators.

772
00:43:03,600 --> 00:43:05,799
Speaker 4: They have to eat other stuff, but they can't move

773
00:43:06,600 --> 00:43:08,360
Speaker 4: when they're adults, so they need to come up with

774
00:43:08,400 --> 00:43:12,279
Speaker 4: all these weird strategies like being covered in hooky ping

775
00:43:12,320 --> 00:43:12,920
Speaker 4: pong balls.

776
00:43:13,239 --> 00:43:17,600
Speaker 1: Yeah, no, it's amazing. They're sessile usually meaning that they

777
00:43:17,880 --> 00:43:20,640
Speaker 1: stick in one spot. But yeah, they still got to eat,

778
00:43:20,800 --> 00:43:23,560
Speaker 1: and so they've got all sorts of like weird weird

779
00:43:23,880 --> 00:43:29,400
Speaker 1: uh food gathering techniques that so now we're going to

780
00:43:29,480 --> 00:43:32,520
Speaker 1: go down to the abyssele zone. Talk about another weird

781
00:43:32,560 --> 00:43:37,000
Speaker 1: food gathering technique, the tripod fish. I love these guys

782
00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:40,400
Speaker 1: so much. They're very weird to see on a deep

783
00:43:40,440 --> 00:43:44,800
Speaker 1: sea camera. They look like lawn ornaments because it looks

784
00:43:44,800 --> 00:43:48,800
Speaker 1: like someone took something that's a pretty normal fish shape,

785
00:43:48,840 --> 00:43:51,839
Speaker 1: maybe a little longer. They do also have a pair

786
00:43:51,880 --> 00:43:55,279
Speaker 1: of fins that kind of look like rabbit ears, ghostly

787
00:43:55,960 --> 00:43:58,040
Speaker 1: rabbit ears, but otherwise it just kind of looks like

788
00:43:58,680 --> 00:44:02,320
Speaker 1: a fish. It's not that weird. But it also looks

789
00:44:02,360 --> 00:44:06,279
Speaker 1: like someone stuck them on like three rods, like two

790
00:44:06,440 --> 00:44:09,200
Speaker 1: coming from the front, one coming from near its table,

791
00:44:09,640 --> 00:44:12,640
Speaker 1: from from its tail, and then stuck them on the

792
00:44:12,680 --> 00:44:17,320
Speaker 1: ocean floor like ornamentation. Like they look like something weird

793
00:44:17,400 --> 00:44:23,600
Speaker 1: you could pick up at a discount like a home

794
00:44:23,680 --> 00:44:26,399
Speaker 1: supply store, where it's like these aren't selling well because

795
00:44:26,440 --> 00:44:30,120
Speaker 1: nobody wants a decorative fish, but it's these are alive.

796
00:44:30,280 --> 00:44:30,760
Speaker 2: They aren't.

797
00:44:31,400 --> 00:44:34,760
Speaker 1: They are real fish, and they are doing this on purpose.

798
00:44:36,000 --> 00:44:38,440
Speaker 2: So these fish are very crafty.

799
00:44:39,440 --> 00:44:41,080
Speaker 4: They also have to eat, but they don't want to

800
00:44:41,080 --> 00:44:43,839
Speaker 4: have to swim around and hunt for stuff. So presumably

801
00:44:44,239 --> 00:44:48,319
Speaker 4: evolutionarily they started out without these weird long feet, but

802
00:44:48,400 --> 00:44:52,479
Speaker 4: eventually they evolved because like if you sort of are

803
00:44:52,520 --> 00:44:54,480
Speaker 4: in the ocean sort of hanging out and you just

804
00:44:54,520 --> 00:44:57,640
Speaker 4: open your mouth, like the current will bring some food

805
00:44:57,640 --> 00:45:01,600
Speaker 4: to you, and what these guys eventually figured out on

806
00:45:01,640 --> 00:45:04,719
Speaker 4: an evolutionary timescale is like if they're about three feet

807
00:45:04,800 --> 00:45:07,799
Speaker 4: off the sand and they're opening their mouth, there's more

808
00:45:07,800 --> 00:45:10,680
Speaker 4: food because the current is like stronger up there. It's

809
00:45:10,719 --> 00:45:13,319
Speaker 4: like a sweet spot, so it's gonna bring more food

810
00:45:13,320 --> 00:45:16,239
Speaker 4: into your mouth. So they just yeah, they have developed

811
00:45:16,280 --> 00:45:18,960
Speaker 4: these tripods that allow them to kind of just like

812
00:45:19,360 --> 00:45:20,880
Speaker 4: stand three feet above the sand.

813
00:45:21,360 --> 00:45:22,800
Speaker 2: And yeah, when you see these.

814
00:45:22,880 --> 00:45:25,640
Speaker 4: Deep sea videos or photos of them, they're so funny

815
00:45:26,080 --> 00:45:28,000
Speaker 4: because they're just like weird. It's like you said, it's

816
00:45:28,040 --> 00:45:30,439
Speaker 4: like someone just stuck them in the sand and they're

817
00:45:30,440 --> 00:45:33,320
Speaker 4: like hanging out with their mouths open, just eating.

818
00:45:34,040 --> 00:45:36,600
Speaker 1: It looks like a prank. It doesn't look like something

819
00:45:36,640 --> 00:45:40,040
Speaker 1: that does naturally occur, right, It looks like someone, as

820
00:45:40,080 --> 00:45:42,480
Speaker 1: a prank, stuck a bunch of fish on like weird

821
00:45:42,560 --> 00:45:46,840
Speaker 1: tripods on the seafloor just to like give researchers with

822
00:45:46,920 --> 00:45:49,560
Speaker 1: their deep sea cameras kind of a scare. But no,

823
00:45:49,640 --> 00:45:53,040
Speaker 1: they're real. Uh it's uh yeah, it's in like those

824
00:45:53,120 --> 00:45:56,520
Speaker 1: legs are like kind of fin extensions that are that

825
00:45:56,840 --> 00:46:00,000
Speaker 1: somehow managed to be like these kind of like tough

826
00:46:00,280 --> 00:46:06,240
Speaker 1: protrusions that keep them stuck up there. Just like I love, yeah,

827
00:46:06,320 --> 00:46:08,839
Speaker 1: I love the I love the like they say that

828
00:46:09,360 --> 00:46:12,239
Speaker 1: necessity is the mother of invention. I think laziness is

829
00:46:12,280 --> 00:46:17,359
Speaker 1: a huge contributor to invention and I really appreciate it.

830
00:46:19,160 --> 00:46:22,600
Speaker 1: The advice that is in your book is that you

831
00:46:22,600 --> 00:46:26,280
Speaker 1: should stretch yourself as much as possible, especially when reaching

832
00:46:26,360 --> 00:46:31,680
Speaker 1: for snacks. Yes, as as the as the wife of

833
00:46:31,760 --> 00:46:36,919
Speaker 1: a very tall person, I have developed my own evolutionary

834
00:46:36,920 --> 00:46:40,520
Speaker 1: technique to reach snacks that have been placed high up,

835
00:46:41,360 --> 00:46:46,120
Speaker 1: which is tongs like arm extensions. So when my husband,

836
00:46:46,280 --> 00:46:49,320
Speaker 1: like he's not trying to keep the food away from me,

837
00:46:49,480 --> 00:46:52,799
Speaker 1: he just like puts things up high because that's like

838
00:46:53,040 --> 00:46:56,399
Speaker 1: where he like, that's where he's at, you know, that's

839
00:46:56,440 --> 00:46:59,439
Speaker 1: his that's his zone. And then I'm like down here

840
00:46:59,480 --> 00:47:03,360
Speaker 1: in the abyss zone going up. But so use I

841
00:47:03,480 --> 00:47:07,800
Speaker 1: use tongs. So I feel like me and this fish,

842
00:47:07,800 --> 00:47:10,640
Speaker 1: I mean, this tripod fish can relate to each other

843
00:47:11,360 --> 00:47:11,919
Speaker 1: really well.

844
00:47:13,400 --> 00:47:15,960
Speaker 4: I just wanted to mention I learned about the tripodfish

845
00:47:16,440 --> 00:47:20,960
Speaker 4: because I was writing about Costa Rican Deep Sea Expedition.

846
00:47:21,160 --> 00:47:25,600
Speaker 4: And on this expedition and a lot of expeditions that

847
00:47:25,640 --> 00:47:27,200
Speaker 4: go through the Schmidt Ocean.

848
00:47:26,920 --> 00:47:27,960
Speaker 2: Institute do this.

849
00:47:28,040 --> 00:47:31,160
Speaker 4: They brought artists on board to kind of like be

850
00:47:31,320 --> 00:47:33,560
Speaker 4: part of it and create work that would help people

851
00:47:33,600 --> 00:47:36,160
Speaker 4: see what everybody was seeing on board. And there was

852
00:47:36,200 --> 00:47:39,960
Speaker 4: this painter, Carlos Hiller, who was painting all the stuff

853
00:47:39,960 --> 00:47:43,080
Speaker 4: they found, and he has really beautiful, sort of like

854
00:47:43,160 --> 00:47:46,560
Speaker 4: funny but also very moving tripod fish paintings.

855
00:47:46,080 --> 00:47:48,080
Speaker 2: That I really love. So that's what got me into

856
00:47:48,160 --> 00:47:50,560
Speaker 2: this fish and I recommend looking him up.

857
00:47:51,160 --> 00:47:53,160
Speaker 1: All right, Yeah, I got I gotta do that because

858
00:47:53,200 --> 00:47:55,520
Speaker 1: I love I mean, I love the art in the book.

859
00:47:56,000 --> 00:47:58,600
Speaker 1: It's also because like I would when I was looking

860
00:47:58,640 --> 00:48:01,680
Speaker 1: at these animals, uh, I would also like look at

861
00:48:01,680 --> 00:48:04,160
Speaker 1: photos of them. It's like no, like they they because

862
00:48:04,160 --> 00:48:07,200
Speaker 1: I was like, maybe, like this artist is interpreting that

863
00:48:07,280 --> 00:48:10,879
Speaker 1: dumb little look on this fish's face, like his kind

864
00:48:10,880 --> 00:48:13,759
Speaker 1: of creative interpretation. Like I was like, no, he got it.

865
00:48:14,000 --> 00:48:17,920
Speaker 1: He got the the stupid little look of this tripod

866
00:48:17,960 --> 00:48:21,720
Speaker 1: fish just waiting for food. It's very funny.

867
00:48:22,000 --> 00:48:22,359
Speaker 3: I do.

868
00:48:22,520 --> 00:48:25,839
Speaker 1: I do very much recommend this book. It's a it's

869
00:48:26,040 --> 00:48:29,319
Speaker 1: really a beautiful book that you can flip through and

870
00:48:29,360 --> 00:48:31,000
Speaker 1: then learn all these amazing facts.

871
00:48:31,120 --> 00:48:32,440
Speaker 3: So I love it.

872
00:48:32,600 --> 00:48:35,280
Speaker 1: But before we go, we got to play a little

873
00:48:35,280 --> 00:48:38,640
Speaker 1: game called Guess Who's squawking the Mystery Animal sound game.

874
00:48:39,840 --> 00:48:43,840
Speaker 1: Last week's Mister Animal sound hint was this, This poisonous

875
00:48:43,840 --> 00:48:47,719
Speaker 1: animal is a fantastic survivor, which is bad news for

876
00:48:47,840 --> 00:49:03,000
Speaker 1: anything in its path. So that should strike fear into

877
00:49:03,040 --> 00:49:08,600
Speaker 1: the hearts of many a invertebrate or small mammal carea.

878
00:49:08,600 --> 00:49:10,600
Speaker 1: Do you have any any guesses?

879
00:49:11,200 --> 00:49:13,960
Speaker 4: Oh man, is this some kind of Is it like

880
00:49:14,000 --> 00:49:15,160
Speaker 4: a poison frog.

881
00:49:16,160 --> 00:49:19,880
Speaker 1: That is very close? You're so warm, You're so warm?

882
00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:24,320
Speaker 4: Is it like a venomous toad?

883
00:49:26,440 --> 00:49:29,719
Speaker 1: Yes, it is, so this is the cane toad. This

884
00:49:29,920 --> 00:49:33,480
Speaker 1: is the beautiful call of the cane toad. It is

885
00:49:33,560 --> 00:49:37,080
Speaker 1: well known for being invasive in Australia. I think it's

886
00:49:37,120 --> 00:49:40,319
Speaker 1: often viewed as kind of a villain because it does

887
00:49:40,440 --> 00:49:44,960
Speaker 1: destroy so many innocent marsupial lives. But it doesn't. It's

888
00:49:45,000 --> 00:49:49,680
Speaker 1: not its fault. It's from South and Central America. There

889
00:49:49,920 --> 00:49:51,400
Speaker 1: was no way this guy was going to get to

890
00:49:51,480 --> 00:49:52,840
Speaker 1: Australia without our help.

891
00:49:53,040 --> 00:49:54,600
Speaker 3: So yeah, it is.

892
00:49:55,760 --> 00:49:58,960
Speaker 1: It's it had no intention of being a menace until

893
00:49:59,000 --> 00:50:03,279
Speaker 1: we intervened. They are both poisonous and toxic. They're quite

894
00:50:03,400 --> 00:50:06,360
Speaker 1: large for a toad. They can grow to be around

895
00:50:06,440 --> 00:50:10,600
Speaker 1: half a foot to up to two feet in length.

896
00:50:10,680 --> 00:50:13,640
Speaker 1: I mean like usually they are somewhere between there. They're

897
00:50:13,640 --> 00:50:17,919
Speaker 1: not usually two feet long and that huge, but they

898
00:50:17,960 --> 00:50:20,680
Speaker 1: can get to be that big, and they have just

899
00:50:21,280 --> 00:50:25,520
Speaker 1: the most voracious appetites. You can look up There must

900
00:50:25,560 --> 00:50:27,680
Speaker 1: be videos of this with cane toads as well, but

901
00:50:28,200 --> 00:50:30,560
Speaker 1: you can look up videos of frogs and toads where

902
00:50:30,560 --> 00:50:33,239
Speaker 1: you put like an iPhone or an iPad game in

903
00:50:33,239 --> 00:50:35,040
Speaker 1: front of them, where like little things come up on

904
00:50:35,160 --> 00:50:37,800
Speaker 1: screen and they will try to eat stuff off of

905
00:50:37,840 --> 00:50:41,959
Speaker 1: the screen, like they never seem to learn that that's

906
00:50:42,000 --> 00:50:46,040
Speaker 1: not food. So they are really just like mouths with

907
00:50:46,120 --> 00:50:49,000
Speaker 1: a brain that can like operate the mouth, and not

908
00:50:49,120 --> 00:50:52,359
Speaker 1: a whole lot else going on, So that makes them

909
00:50:52,360 --> 00:50:56,000
Speaker 1: a big problem. They were introduced to Australia because they

910
00:50:56,000 --> 00:51:01,560
Speaker 1: had been previously introduced to islands like Pco to control

911
00:51:01,840 --> 00:51:06,520
Speaker 1: cane beetle populations. And although I still think it's not

912
00:51:06,719 --> 00:51:09,880
Speaker 1: good that they introduced them to these other islands, it

913
00:51:09,960 --> 00:51:12,480
Speaker 1: was more of a quote unquote success story because they

914
00:51:12,480 --> 00:51:17,120
Speaker 1: were able to control the beetle population that was ravaging

915
00:51:17,480 --> 00:51:20,680
Speaker 1: the sugar cane field. So in terms of you know,

916
00:51:20,800 --> 00:51:24,799
Speaker 1: human industry, it worked. In terms of the local wildlife.

917
00:51:24,840 --> 00:51:27,360
Speaker 1: Not a great idea, but in Australia it was a

918
00:51:27,480 --> 00:51:33,000
Speaker 1: double whammy because not only did you just introduce this venomous,

919
00:51:33,320 --> 00:51:38,600
Speaker 1: toxic toad that's giant and hungry to an island where

920
00:51:38,760 --> 00:51:41,399
Speaker 1: the animals have never seen this thing before in their

921
00:51:41,520 --> 00:51:44,840
Speaker 1: entire revolutionary history. It also didn't work to control the

922
00:51:44,920 --> 00:51:50,600
Speaker 1: dang beetles because the cane beetles in Australia lived on

923
00:51:50,640 --> 00:51:53,960
Speaker 1: the very tops of the sugar cane where the cane

924
00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:56,839
Speaker 1: toad just like, I don't know, doesn't think to look

925
00:51:56,920 --> 00:52:00,560
Speaker 1: up there. Like these cane toads are very simple. If

926
00:52:00,600 --> 00:52:02,400
Speaker 1: they see something, they eat it. They're a little like

927
00:52:02,480 --> 00:52:05,640
Speaker 1: pac men. But if they're not seeing the beetles and

928
00:52:05,719 --> 00:52:08,080
Speaker 1: it's not like, you know, directly in front of them,

929
00:52:08,360 --> 00:52:10,440
Speaker 1: they're not going to do anything about it. So the

930
00:52:10,800 --> 00:52:14,439
Speaker 1: beatles were fine, and then the cane toads had to eat,

931
00:52:14,520 --> 00:52:18,120
Speaker 1: so they went off and start eating everything in their path,

932
00:52:18,760 --> 00:52:22,160
Speaker 1: and so huge nightmare. But you know, also because like

933
00:52:22,239 --> 00:52:25,640
Speaker 1: predators would try to eat them, and they're toxic and poisonous,

934
00:52:25,680 --> 00:52:27,600
Speaker 1: and they hadn't co evolved with them, so they had

935
00:52:27,640 --> 00:52:31,280
Speaker 1: no defenses. They did not know, you know, they hadn't

936
00:52:31,360 --> 00:52:37,400
Speaker 1: learned that these toads are toxic. So just awful, an

937
00:52:37,440 --> 00:52:40,839
Speaker 1: awful nightmare. Not the toad's fault, though, The toad's just

938
00:52:41,360 --> 00:52:44,120
Speaker 1: the toad is just doing what it was born to do,

939
00:52:44,160 --> 00:52:47,760
Speaker 1: which is to eat and not be eaten. It's they're innocent,

940
00:52:48,360 --> 00:52:50,080
Speaker 1: sweet little creatures.

941
00:52:49,560 --> 00:52:51,640
Speaker 3: That are destroying Australia.

942
00:52:52,480 --> 00:52:55,480
Speaker 1: So onto this week's mystery sound. The hint is this.

943
00:52:55,840 --> 00:53:00,160
Speaker 1: You could find this animal in Karajaimo's book. It's not

944
00:53:00,239 --> 00:53:04,719
Speaker 1: a bird and it is not a superhero sidekick.

945
00:53:10,960 --> 00:53:12,839
Speaker 3: All right, I hope you guys could hear that. It's

946
00:53:12,880 --> 00:53:13,399
Speaker 3: that little like.

947
00:53:15,080 --> 00:53:20,080
Speaker 1: Sound. So, Kara, this maybe this is maybe this is

948
00:53:20,239 --> 00:53:23,799
Speaker 1: unfair or too much pressure on you, but uh, do

949
00:53:23,840 --> 00:53:24,560
Speaker 1: you have any.

950
00:53:24,400 --> 00:53:25,839
Speaker 3: Guesses as to what this is?

951
00:53:25,920 --> 00:53:27,520
Speaker 2: I know this one all right.

952
00:53:27,880 --> 00:53:28,320
Speaker 3: Uh.

953
00:53:28,360 --> 00:53:30,120
Speaker 1: I'll bleep you out if you get it right, so

954
00:53:30,200 --> 00:53:32,680
Speaker 1: everyone will know that you've won, but they won't know

955
00:53:32,760 --> 00:53:33,520
Speaker 1: how you've won.

956
00:53:35,680 --> 00:53:36,160
Speaker 2: This is this?

957
00:53:37,600 --> 00:53:39,120
Speaker 3: Yes, absolutely correct?

958
00:53:40,239 --> 00:53:43,879
Speaker 1: I found there's there are like what you can hear.

959
00:53:43,920 --> 00:53:46,479
Speaker 3: This is a video of one.

960
00:53:46,719 --> 00:53:50,400
Speaker 1: It's not. Here's another hint. It's really not happy to

961
00:53:50,440 --> 00:53:53,319
Speaker 1: be where it is right now in this video. So

962
00:53:53,400 --> 00:53:56,600
Speaker 1: it's making this sound more out of a protest. But yeah,

963
00:53:56,640 --> 00:54:01,120
Speaker 1: you can find this animal in Kara Jaimo's book, Carol,

964
00:54:01,280 --> 00:54:03,440
Speaker 1: Why don't you tell them where they can get the book.

965
00:54:04,560 --> 00:54:07,960
Speaker 4: Yeah, you can get this book pretty much anywhere. I

966
00:54:08,000 --> 00:54:10,360
Speaker 4: think you can buy it online. Hopefully they'll have it

967
00:54:10,400 --> 00:54:15,040
Speaker 4: at your local bookstore. I'm imagining or hoping also that

968
00:54:15,120 --> 00:54:17,319
Speaker 4: it will be in like some aquariums and stuff like that.

969
00:54:18,719 --> 00:54:20,719
Speaker 4: But yeah, just wherever you tend to find books, take

970
00:54:20,760 --> 00:54:23,799
Speaker 4: a look, and I hope you enjoy it if you grab.

971
00:54:23,520 --> 00:54:29,200
Speaker 1: One, absolutely, I know I did, and I found mine

972
00:54:29,719 --> 00:54:34,880
Speaker 1: in the ocean. That's not true unless you unless you

973
00:54:34,920 --> 00:54:40,400
Speaker 1: define the Internet as the ocean of information. Thank you

974
00:54:40,400 --> 00:54:42,960
Speaker 1: guys so much for listening. If you're enjoying the show

975
00:54:43,000 --> 00:54:45,319
Speaker 1: and you leave a rating or review, those really do

976
00:54:45,480 --> 00:54:49,680
Speaker 1: help me and I read all the reviews. And thanks

977
00:54:49,719 --> 00:54:53,000
Speaker 1: to the Space Classics for their super awesome song. Exolumina

978
00:54:53,080 --> 00:54:56,840
Speaker 1: Creature features a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts like

979
00:54:56,880 --> 00:54:59,439
Speaker 1: the one you just heard, visit the iHeartRadio app. Apple

980
00:54:59,480 --> 00:55:01,719
Speaker 1: podcasts are Hey, guess what wherever you listen to your

981
00:55:01,719 --> 00:55:04,600
Speaker 1: favorite shows. I'm not your mother. I can't tell you

982
00:55:04,680 --> 00:55:08,200
Speaker 1: what to do. I can tell you that if you

983
00:55:08,320 --> 00:55:12,239
Speaker 1: see something weird in the ocean. Probably don't pick it up.

984
00:55:12,719 --> 00:55:17,719
Speaker 1: It could vomit, glowing stuff at you, or cover your

985
00:55:17,719 --> 00:55:20,680
Speaker 1: hand in mucus, or poison you. Any of those things

986
00:55:20,680 --> 00:55:24,240
Speaker 1: could happen. You don't know, but do admire it because

987
00:55:24,400 --> 00:55:30,160
Speaker 1: the ocean is beautiful. I'll see you next Wednesday.