1 00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:13,520 Speaker 1: From Mediator's World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is 2 00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:17,479 Speaker 1: Kel's we can review with Ryan kel Kell in now 3 00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:22,680 Speaker 1: Here's Kel. Don't judge a book by its cover. Good 4 00:00:22,760 --> 00:00:27,200 Speaker 1: things come in small packages. To assume would make an 5 00:00:27,240 --> 00:00:31,480 Speaker 1: ass out of you and me. All phrases that could 6 00:00:31,480 --> 00:00:35,559 Speaker 1: come to mind when regarding this latest discovery of Berkeesia 7 00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:41,080 Speaker 1: chameleons Brukesia nana. The mail averages a body length of 8 00:00:41,159 --> 00:00:45,800 Speaker 1: just thirteen point five millimeters long, making them the world's 9 00:00:45,840 --> 00:00:51,199 Speaker 1: smallest known chameleon and possibly world's smallest known reptile that 10 00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:55,280 Speaker 1: we can find anyway. I am big, it's the pictures 11 00:00:55,320 --> 00:01:00,840 Speaker 1: that got small. Thirteen point five millimeters is just under 12 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:05,679 Speaker 1: your average unshelled peanut and length or the diameter of 13 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:09,000 Speaker 1: a double A battery. This critter could fit on your 14 00:01:09,040 --> 00:01:13,280 Speaker 1: thumbnail with plenty of room to spare. With the tail, 15 00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:17,000 Speaker 1: the males can get to about point eight six inches 16 00:01:17,360 --> 00:01:21,199 Speaker 1: or twenty two millimeters in overall length. This tiny critter 17 00:01:21,360 --> 00:01:26,120 Speaker 1: has been discovered in a small pristine piece of Madagascar rainforest. 18 00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:31,800 Speaker 1: Madagascar actually has a reputation for tiny animals. Another example 19 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:35,720 Speaker 1: would be the world's smallest primate, the pygmy mouse lemur. 20 00:01:36,160 --> 00:01:39,160 Speaker 1: The pygmy mouse has a body length of under two 21 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:41,840 Speaker 1: and a half inches long and weighs in at just 22 00:01:42,040 --> 00:01:46,520 Speaker 1: over an ounce. The largest lemur, the dary, gets as 23 00:01:46,600 --> 00:01:49,960 Speaker 1: large as twenty one pounds, But the pygmy mouse is 24 00:01:50,160 --> 00:01:52,520 Speaker 1: much more fun for the fact that it lives in 25 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:55,720 Speaker 1: female lead groups and stores away fat for the dry 26 00:01:55,800 --> 00:02:02,120 Speaker 1: season in its rear. End. Baby got back. Why do 27 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:05,800 Speaker 1: so many small animals live in Madagascar? There are two 28 00:02:05,880 --> 00:02:10,880 Speaker 1: predominant theories regarding the small scale of island inhabitants. One 29 00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:15,440 Speaker 1: small animals living in small places hide better, and two 30 00:02:15,760 --> 00:02:20,679 Speaker 1: as species proliferate, evolve and divide, creating more species, and 31 00:02:20,760 --> 00:02:23,800 Speaker 1: a small terrarium, which is kind of what an island is. 32 00:02:24,200 --> 00:02:28,560 Speaker 1: All species trend smaller like a honey I shrunk the 33 00:02:28,639 --> 00:02:32,519 Speaker 1: kids scenario. If the house is too small, don't move 34 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:36,399 Speaker 1: or add onto it, just shrink the people. But enough 35 00:02:36,440 --> 00:02:41,040 Speaker 1: of this small talk. Another noteworthy discovery of Brukeesia Nana 36 00:02:41,440 --> 00:02:45,800 Speaker 1: is that the male and females are quite disproportionate in size. 37 00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:50,639 Speaker 1: They stretch sexual dimorphism. The females can be twenty nine 38 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:55,320 Speaker 1: millimeters in total length nineteen millimeters in body size due 39 00:02:55,360 --> 00:02:58,400 Speaker 1: to the very small area in the very small and 40 00:02:58,440 --> 00:03:02,440 Speaker 1: shrinking montane or cloud forest these lizards were found in. 41 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:06,720 Speaker 1: Scientists had to wonder how the lizards reproduced what were 42 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:09,800 Speaker 1: their odds of making it which you could calculate if 43 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:13,480 Speaker 1: they knew how good they were at making it, which 44 00:03:13,560 --> 00:03:15,760 Speaker 1: is the line of thought. I'm guessing they went down 45 00:03:15,880 --> 00:03:20,080 Speaker 1: when they made their big discovery. The male's penis makes 46 00:03:20,160 --> 00:03:24,720 Speaker 1: up over of its total body size, the theory being 47 00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:28,240 Speaker 1: that the mails were forced to adapt to the sexual 48 00:03:28,360 --> 00:03:32,800 Speaker 1: size gap. Big things come in small packages or big 49 00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:44,400 Speaker 1: packages anyway. This week we've got snakes, crime, more bad bills, 50 00:03:44,760 --> 00:03:48,040 Speaker 1: and so much more. But first I'm gonna tell you 51 00:03:48,080 --> 00:03:52,520 Speaker 1: about my week. And my week as well as This 52 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:56,640 Speaker 1: podcast is brought to you by Steel Power Equipment, makers 53 00:03:56,680 --> 00:04:00,200 Speaker 1: of the world's finest chainsaws and as. I have had 54 00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:04,400 Speaker 1: many many times shears and loppers that pulled double duty 55 00:04:04,440 --> 00:04:08,320 Speaker 1: as both garden and trimming tools as well as kitchen tools. 56 00:04:08,360 --> 00:04:11,120 Speaker 1: Just someday I used my thirty inch loppers to cut 57 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:13,600 Speaker 1: the femur on a CU's deer ham I've been dry 58 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:17,120 Speaker 1: aging for three weeks. Made it cut so fine I 59 00:04:17,160 --> 00:04:20,120 Speaker 1: was able to vacuum seal the ham without fear of 60 00:04:20,200 --> 00:04:24,960 Speaker 1: puncturing the bag. Dry aging sounds more interesting than it is. 61 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:29,040 Speaker 1: I just keep rotating the piece of meat. In this case, again, 62 00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:32,200 Speaker 1: it's a boned in CU's deer ham. In my refrigerator. 63 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:35,400 Speaker 1: I don't put it on like the nasty refrigerator rack, 64 00:04:35,800 --> 00:04:39,240 Speaker 1: but put a paper bag in there. For whatever reason, 65 00:04:39,960 --> 00:04:42,320 Speaker 1: it would be ideal to hang the meat, but I 66 00:04:42,360 --> 00:04:45,560 Speaker 1: don't have the space. I try to promote airflow. However, 67 00:04:45,600 --> 00:04:49,159 Speaker 1: I can A nice RHND develops, which is excellent for 68 00:04:49,279 --> 00:04:53,240 Speaker 1: dog treats. The meat inside is nice. I think a 69 00:04:53,279 --> 00:04:55,560 Speaker 1: bit more tender, but I don't see much of a 70 00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:58,560 Speaker 1: flavor difference, which is one of the things people reference 71 00:04:58,640 --> 00:05:02,160 Speaker 1: with dry aged meats. To keep on the cooking subject, 72 00:05:02,360 --> 00:05:05,400 Speaker 1: I had a hankering for spaghetti and meatballs. I pulled 73 00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:08,600 Speaker 1: out a piece Louisiana Bayou pig from this summer, a 74 00:05:08,720 --> 00:05:12,240 Speaker 1: bag of frank Church Idaho Wilderness mule deer, and married 75 00:05:12,279 --> 00:05:16,239 Speaker 1: the two in the Western grinder. Had a real fantastic 76 00:05:16,560 --> 00:05:20,320 Speaker 1: fresh meat ball the night of the spaghetti. And that's 77 00:05:20,400 --> 00:05:26,919 Speaker 1: mule here from feet and hog from zero feet in elevation. However, 78 00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:30,520 Speaker 1: each critter's home may be equally as wild, and I 79 00:05:30,560 --> 00:05:35,200 Speaker 1: like thought of that. I got absolutely spanked out on 80 00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:38,160 Speaker 1: the ice again. We had a big crew, fished hard, 81 00:05:38,279 --> 00:05:40,320 Speaker 1: and I believe we landed five fish in a good 82 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:43,640 Speaker 1: six hours of fishing about ten lines in the water 83 00:05:43,720 --> 00:05:48,520 Speaker 1: the entire time. Not exactly fast paced, but don't worry. 84 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:51,600 Speaker 1: Not being able to figure things out is a much 85 00:05:51,640 --> 00:05:55,400 Speaker 1: stronger motivator than stacking them up. I'm looking to hit 86 00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:57,920 Speaker 1: it again and get some flaky white meat in the diet. 87 00:05:58,880 --> 00:06:01,200 Speaker 1: We're gonna make a quick op the snort report and 88 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:07,400 Speaker 1: then move on snort my wonderful little yellow lab while 89 00:06:07,480 --> 00:06:10,240 Speaker 1: she is deep in the off season, she's starting her 90 00:06:10,279 --> 00:06:15,080 Speaker 1: formal professional bird dog training. To clarify, there's a difference 91 00:06:15,160 --> 00:06:17,800 Speaker 1: between a bird dog and a pro bird dog, and 92 00:06:17,839 --> 00:06:20,520 Speaker 1: in my mind that is defined by blind retrieves and 93 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:24,240 Speaker 1: the use of hand signals. It is cold in Montana, 94 00:06:24,720 --> 00:06:27,839 Speaker 1: even though it's February. Tan. As I record this, I 95 00:06:27,880 --> 00:06:31,479 Speaker 1: feel like winter just got here and that little dog 96 00:06:31,600 --> 00:06:34,360 Speaker 1: is a partier in the snow, so it's not slowing 97 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:36,839 Speaker 1: us down. We just need to dial in the routine 98 00:06:36,880 --> 00:06:41,239 Speaker 1: and that's up to me. Moving on to the snake's desk, 99 00:06:41,560 --> 00:06:47,279 Speaker 1: where we're looking into a fascinating evolutionary arms race. Whenever 100 00:06:47,279 --> 00:06:50,560 Speaker 1: you happen upon a snake. To keep everybody calm, someone 101 00:06:50,800 --> 00:06:53,919 Speaker 1: always says, now, it's more scared of you than you 102 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:57,359 Speaker 1: are of it. A recent study in the journal Science 103 00:06:57,440 --> 00:07:01,679 Speaker 1: is uncovering how deeply true that's saying is Certain snakes 104 00:07:01,839 --> 00:07:06,040 Speaker 1: seem to have evolved some amazing defense mechanisms directly in 105 00:07:06,160 --> 00:07:10,720 Speaker 1: response to threats from our human ancestors. Most snake venom 106 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:15,480 Speaker 1: contains compounds that serve to paralyze and incapacitate prey, meaning 107 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:18,320 Speaker 1: these snakes are not adapted to using their bite to 108 00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:22,440 Speaker 1: harm us. Although they might bite an attack and self defense, 109 00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:27,200 Speaker 1: it's almost always a last resort. Spitting cobras, on the 110 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:32,320 Speaker 1: other hand, are different. The orifices and their fangs face outward, 111 00:07:32,520 --> 00:07:36,120 Speaker 1: allowing them to spray venom as far as eight feet away. 112 00:07:36,280 --> 00:07:39,760 Speaker 1: This serves no purpose for catching prey, so it must 113 00:07:39,800 --> 00:07:43,040 Speaker 1: have evolved as a defense mechanism. If you take a 114 00:07:43,080 --> 00:07:46,440 Speaker 1: critical look at the spitting cobra, almost everything about it 115 00:07:46,480 --> 00:07:50,640 Speaker 1: seems designed for self defense. The flaring hood, the standing 116 00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:53,120 Speaker 1: up off the ground makes the snake larger and more 117 00:07:53,160 --> 00:07:57,320 Speaker 1: intimidating In general, this is not a come on over 118 00:07:57,360 --> 00:08:00,160 Speaker 1: and say how the type of gesture a bar hum 119 00:08:00,200 --> 00:08:03,760 Speaker 1: equivalent to a meathead puffing up their chests and you 120 00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:09,760 Speaker 1: want a piece of meat? Put which body of place. Recently, 121 00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:12,760 Speaker 1: a team of scientists from Cornell in the University of 122 00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:16,679 Speaker 1: Liverpool decided to learn more about how and why spitting 123 00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:20,720 Speaker 1: cobras evolved in this way. Did evolution the need to 124 00:08:20,760 --> 00:08:25,080 Speaker 1: defend against a consistent predator make them this way or 125 00:08:25,120 --> 00:08:28,320 Speaker 1: like in our bar room example? Is it just low 126 00:08:28,360 --> 00:08:33,120 Speaker 1: self esteem? First, the team analyzed the makeup of spitting 127 00:08:33,160 --> 00:08:36,760 Speaker 1: cobra venom and found that it contained two different compounds, 128 00:08:37,160 --> 00:08:40,960 Speaker 1: one common to almost all cobras and one only found 129 00:08:40,960 --> 00:08:45,080 Speaker 1: in the spitting variety. The scientists exposed mouse neurons to 130 00:08:45,160 --> 00:08:50,280 Speaker 1: each individual compound in isolation and found little response. The 131 00:08:50,360 --> 00:08:54,720 Speaker 1: two compounds in combination, however, caused the neurons to fire 132 00:08:54,840 --> 00:08:59,679 Speaker 1: like crazy, indicating that it was this exact combination that 133 00:08:59,720 --> 00:09:04,320 Speaker 1: would create the most painful reaction in a threatening animal. Hey, 134 00:09:04,400 --> 00:09:07,720 Speaker 1: you got chocolate on my peanut butter? You got peanut 135 00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:11,720 Speaker 1: butter on my chocolate, which if someone who has been 136 00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:15,160 Speaker 1: sprayed by a spitting cobra is listening. You are right 137 00:09:15,160 --> 00:09:19,360 Speaker 1: now thinking, um, yes this, we know. If the spit 138 00:09:19,440 --> 00:09:23,120 Speaker 1: didn't hurt, then we wouldn't be having this conversation. I 139 00:09:23,200 --> 00:09:27,840 Speaker 1: get it. Hang on. The scientists then analyze the genetic 140 00:09:27,880 --> 00:09:30,880 Speaker 1: structure of the different kinds of spitting cobras to see 141 00:09:30,920 --> 00:09:34,719 Speaker 1: when in their evolutionary history they had developed this one 142 00:09:34,840 --> 00:09:39,720 Speaker 1: too combo punch. It turns out that each distinct spitting 143 00:09:39,760 --> 00:09:45,439 Speaker 1: cobra variety evolved their characteristic front venting teeth and nasty 144 00:09:45,520 --> 00:09:50,680 Speaker 1: venom right when early human beings arrived on the scene. Specifically, 145 00:09:50,720 --> 00:09:55,120 Speaker 1: African cobras started spitting around seven million years ago, just 146 00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:59,760 Speaker 1: when the earliest human ancestors split off from chimps and bonobos, 147 00:10:00,400 --> 00:10:03,719 Speaker 1: and then when Homo erectus reached Asia two and a 148 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:07,840 Speaker 1: half million years ago, that's when Asian cobras started spitting. 149 00:10:08,480 --> 00:10:11,680 Speaker 1: Although we can't be certain that snakes adapted to us, 150 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:15,600 Speaker 1: there had to be some pretty focused, selective pressure to 151 00:10:15,679 --> 00:10:19,840 Speaker 1: cause that kind of dramatic change, but it has been 152 00:10:19,920 --> 00:10:23,480 Speaker 1: well documented that many primates will try to kill snakes 153 00:10:23,520 --> 00:10:28,360 Speaker 1: on site, often using sticks, rocks, or other quote technology 154 00:10:28,480 --> 00:10:32,160 Speaker 1: for doing harm while attempting to stay out of striking distance, 155 00:10:32,720 --> 00:10:35,640 Speaker 1: So it would make lots of sense that the snakes 156 00:10:35,640 --> 00:10:39,360 Speaker 1: who could inflict serious damage at longer range and scare 157 00:10:39,440 --> 00:10:42,240 Speaker 1: the Jesus out of everyone in the process, would have 158 00:10:42,440 --> 00:10:46,640 Speaker 1: a much improved chance of survival. I'm now moving into 159 00:10:46,640 --> 00:10:49,120 Speaker 1: the realm of pure speculation, but it's hard not to 160 00:10:49,160 --> 00:10:54,160 Speaker 1: wonder if after spitting, cobras evolved to keep early humans 161 00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:59,240 Speaker 1: far away, humans adapted right back. Maybe we got better 162 00:10:59,320 --> 00:11:03,000 Speaker 1: and better at throwing, partially because there was an advantage 163 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:06,640 Speaker 1: to hitting snakes with rocks from further away. To take 164 00:11:06,720 --> 00:11:08,920 Speaker 1: this one step further, and this will be my only 165 00:11:09,200 --> 00:11:12,880 Speaker 1: nod to the Super Bowl this week, but maybe there 166 00:11:12,880 --> 00:11:16,280 Speaker 1: would be no Tom Brady throwing perfect spirals all over 167 00:11:16,320 --> 00:11:20,280 Speaker 1: the field we're at, not for some very very nasty 168 00:11:20,360 --> 00:11:25,760 Speaker 1: snakes deep in his lineage. Who can say for sure 169 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:32,600 Speaker 1: that I'm wrong? Moving on, Researchers at Duke University recently 170 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:36,200 Speaker 1: documented one of the fastest movements ever seen from a 171 00:11:36,240 --> 00:11:40,240 Speaker 1: living thing. And we're not talking cheetahs or falcons or antelopes. 172 00:11:40,840 --> 00:11:44,720 Speaker 1: The animal in question is the amphipod, a three millimeter 173 00:11:44,840 --> 00:11:48,040 Speaker 1: long crustacean that looks like a tiny crayfish with an 174 00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:53,480 Speaker 1: enormous claw. Much like our chameleon example. Enormous is relative 175 00:11:53,679 --> 00:11:57,800 Speaker 1: to size anyway, that claw accounts for fully one through 176 00:11:57,920 --> 00:12:01,520 Speaker 1: the amphipod's body mass, and that law is what generated 177 00:12:01,600 --> 00:12:06,080 Speaker 1: all this interest. Scientists in Japan began studying amphipods in 178 00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:09,240 Speaker 1: two thousand eighteen, but they soon discovered that their cameras 179 00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:13,760 Speaker 1: weren't fast enough to capture these tiny claws closing. So 180 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:17,520 Speaker 1: the Japanese team called in Duke University, who has a 181 00:12:17,559 --> 00:12:20,720 Speaker 1: camera that can run at two million frames per second 182 00:12:21,360 --> 00:12:25,000 Speaker 1: for context, Your standard video camera that we use for 183 00:12:25,080 --> 00:12:28,679 Speaker 1: like film and meat eat hunts. Some Cal's Weekend review 184 00:12:28,720 --> 00:12:32,200 Speaker 1: shoots runs at a measly twenty nine frames per second. 185 00:12:32,520 --> 00:12:36,280 Speaker 1: And I'm pretty fast, and it captures me just fine. 186 00:12:37,240 --> 00:12:41,719 Speaker 1: What the Duke scientists captured was astonishing. The amphipods were 187 00:12:41,720 --> 00:12:45,720 Speaker 1: closing their claws in ninety three micro seconds, reaching a 188 00:12:45,840 --> 00:12:49,520 Speaker 1: top speed of twenty nine per second, and hitting an 189 00:12:49,559 --> 00:12:53,200 Speaker 1: acceleration rate of two point four times ten to the 190 00:12:53,280 --> 00:12:57,199 Speaker 1: fifth meters per second squared. Right now, you're thinking, wow, 191 00:12:57,360 --> 00:13:01,720 Speaker 1: that is really fast. Cal. I know it makes no 192 00:13:01,800 --> 00:13:04,720 Speaker 1: sense to most of you. It definitely makes me feel 193 00:13:04,720 --> 00:13:07,160 Speaker 1: like an idiot and makes no sense to me. So 194 00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:09,280 Speaker 1: we're gonna break this down and tell you what old 195 00:13:09,280 --> 00:13:13,200 Speaker 1: melbot toast here is packing ninety three micro seconds a 196 00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:17,400 Speaker 1: human blink of the eye takes a whopping three and 197 00:13:17,480 --> 00:13:24,240 Speaker 1: fifty thousand micro seconds. Next, that acceleration number, I'm not 198 00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:27,959 Speaker 1: going to recite it again, but it rivals the acceleration 199 00:13:28,240 --> 00:13:32,360 Speaker 1: of a bullet out of a gun. Lastly, the top 200 00:13:32,400 --> 00:13:36,520 Speaker 1: speed of twenty nine per second, which is just shy 201 00:13:36,559 --> 00:13:40,360 Speaker 1: of sixty five miles per hour. Now, this last figure 202 00:13:40,480 --> 00:13:45,440 Speaker 1: might seem comparatively slow. My old three Chevy celeb could 203 00:13:45,440 --> 00:13:47,640 Speaker 1: get up to about sixty five most of the time, 204 00:13:48,720 --> 00:13:52,320 Speaker 1: but the anthropods claw is going from dead stop to 205 00:13:52,480 --> 00:13:57,600 Speaker 1: sixty five miles per hour in one seven thousand of 206 00:13:57,720 --> 00:14:00,760 Speaker 1: a blink of an eye. Let's just say it took 207 00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:03,960 Speaker 1: the celeb a little bit longer than that. This is 208 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:08,280 Speaker 1: so fast and so powerful that scientists don't really understand 209 00:14:08,320 --> 00:14:11,800 Speaker 1: how the amphipods body doesn't break under the load of 210 00:14:11,800 --> 00:14:16,120 Speaker 1: that acceleration. Just imagine if your hand were shot out 211 00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:18,880 Speaker 1: of a gun, there wouldn't be a whole lot left. 212 00:14:19,720 --> 00:14:22,760 Speaker 1: What is even more incredible is that the amphipod is 213 00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:27,720 Speaker 1: executing this movement through water almost all the other fastest 214 00:14:27,840 --> 00:14:33,160 Speaker 1: organism movements trap jaw, ants closing their mandibles, philoballis, fun 215 00:14:33,200 --> 00:14:36,400 Speaker 1: guys shooting their spores happen in air, which is much 216 00:14:36,480 --> 00:14:40,360 Speaker 1: less dense than water. Even crazier, those ants and fun 217 00:14:40,440 --> 00:14:45,080 Speaker 1: guy can only make their movements once, whereas the amphipod 218 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:48,840 Speaker 1: can close its claw at this pace over and over 219 00:14:48,880 --> 00:14:53,160 Speaker 1: and over again. The closing action creates vapor bubbles in 220 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:56,680 Speaker 1: the water. Was so much energy that after enough time, 221 00:14:57,000 --> 00:15:00,960 Speaker 1: the ripples can degrade metal. I'm gonna say that again, 222 00:15:01,480 --> 00:15:08,720 Speaker 1: the ripples caused by their claws snapping together can degrade metal. Wow. Okay, 223 00:15:08,760 --> 00:15:12,720 Speaker 1: I think we've established how truly awesome this is, But 224 00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:15,240 Speaker 1: let me tell you my favorite part. In order to 225 00:15:15,280 --> 00:15:18,840 Speaker 1: find these amazing crustaceans, the team did not have to 226 00:15:18,880 --> 00:15:22,000 Speaker 1: travel to the Great Barrier Reef or the Marianas Trench 227 00:15:22,280 --> 00:15:25,640 Speaker 1: or some other exotic locale. They just drove over to 228 00:15:25,680 --> 00:15:29,440 Speaker 1: a local marina in North Carolina and combed through some algae. 229 00:15:30,200 --> 00:15:34,120 Speaker 1: Amphipods can be found all over the world. Right now, 230 00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:37,520 Speaker 1: one is probably closing its claws faster than a speeding 231 00:15:37,560 --> 00:15:41,360 Speaker 1: bullet at your local boat launch or fishing spot. Just 232 00:15:41,480 --> 00:15:46,760 Speaker 1: an everyday miracle of nature right under our noses. Now 233 00:15:46,800 --> 00:15:50,040 Speaker 1: that the team at Duke has published these findings, the 234 00:15:50,160 --> 00:15:54,840 Speaker 1: next question is why do amphipods have this ability? We 235 00:15:54,920 --> 00:15:57,480 Speaker 1: don't know, but you will be the first to know 236 00:15:57,560 --> 00:16:05,800 Speaker 1: as soon as we know. Wow. Moving on to the 237 00:16:05,920 --> 00:16:09,880 Speaker 1: ever popular law enforcement desk, a forty four year old 238 00:16:09,920 --> 00:16:12,760 Speaker 1: man has been sentenced to five years of federal probation, 239 00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:15,840 Speaker 1: which would include a five year ban on hunting, a 240 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:19,240 Speaker 1: lifetime ban from Crater Lake National Park, and over forty 241 00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:24,720 Speaker 1: two dollars in restitution. Adrian Wood has been under investigation 242 00:16:24,800 --> 00:16:27,960 Speaker 1: since two thousand fourteen for poaching elk and deer out 243 00:16:27,960 --> 00:16:32,160 Speaker 1: of Crater Lake National Park. During the investigation, which finally 244 00:16:32,240 --> 00:16:35,320 Speaker 1: ended in his guilty plea for violating the Lacy Act, 245 00:16:35,560 --> 00:16:39,760 Speaker 1: which forbids hunting in national parks, Oregon State troopers obtained 246 00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:43,760 Speaker 1: text messages of Adrian bragging about his elk hunting abilities, 247 00:16:44,200 --> 00:16:47,600 Speaker 1: which I'm not quite sure what to think of. Was 248 00:16:47,640 --> 00:16:50,720 Speaker 1: he telling people that he was a terrible hunter? Hunting 249 00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:53,760 Speaker 1: in a national park is like saying no, I catch 250 00:16:53,800 --> 00:16:56,680 Speaker 1: a lot of fish. What I do is I head 251 00:16:56,720 --> 00:16:59,600 Speaker 1: down to the pet shop and I scooped goldfish into 252 00:16:59,640 --> 00:17:03,760 Speaker 1: plastic bag. I'm a heck of a fisherman. Hunting in 253 00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:06,760 Speaker 1: a national park is something that we've joked about in 254 00:17:06,920 --> 00:17:10,600 Speaker 1: years past, even on the Meat Eator podcast The yellow 255 00:17:10,600 --> 00:17:13,600 Speaker 1: Stone supertag we called it, but it was a joke 256 00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:17,200 Speaker 1: because if you're good at hunting, hunting elk in a 257 00:17:17,320 --> 00:17:21,440 Speaker 1: national park would not be hunting, It wouldn't be challenging, 258 00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:26,840 Speaker 1: so what would there be to brag about? Adrian. Additionally, 259 00:17:27,240 --> 00:17:30,200 Speaker 1: Mr Wood was found to have taken at least one 260 00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:33,280 Speaker 1: bowl elk at night by using a night vision scope, 261 00:17:33,600 --> 00:17:36,399 Speaker 1: which I think we can safely assume was not an 262 00:17:36,400 --> 00:17:42,880 Speaker 1: attempt to make things more difficult. Next up, Garden City, Idaho, 263 00:17:44,320 --> 00:17:47,800 Speaker 1: a place surrounded by agriculture and warm water like a 264 00:17:47,840 --> 00:17:52,199 Speaker 1: factory for tasty waterfowl. Someone dumped thirty four ducks in 265 00:17:52,240 --> 00:17:56,119 Speaker 1: a dumpster behind fred Meyer Grocery store. Authorities have identified 266 00:17:56,119 --> 00:17:59,679 Speaker 1: a vehicle suspected in the dumping, a dark two thousand 267 00:17:59,760 --> 00:18:02,919 Speaker 1: eight two thousand ten Ford Super Duty Extra cab with 268 00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:06,000 Speaker 1: a light stripe along the running board. Seeing in footage 269 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:10,000 Speaker 1: from the Garden City fred Meyer's store security camera, nineteen 270 00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:13,560 Speaker 1: hole ducks, mostly mallards, and fifteen others with only the 271 00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:17,800 Speaker 1: breast meat removed. First, shoot what you were going to eat. 272 00:18:18,400 --> 00:18:24,520 Speaker 1: According to my calculations, you really only wanted about five ducks. Second, 273 00:18:24,880 --> 00:18:28,960 Speaker 1: if you aren't eating duck legs, you are missing out. Third, 274 00:18:29,400 --> 00:18:31,679 Speaker 1: if you can't make a duck taste good from that 275 00:18:31,800 --> 00:18:35,960 Speaker 1: area of the country, throw your shotgun away. Fourth, a 276 00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:39,399 Speaker 1: lot of hungry people out there. Idaho Fishing Game is 277 00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:42,199 Speaker 1: still looking for this wasteful human. If you know of 278 00:18:42,240 --> 00:18:45,320 Speaker 1: someone who probably brags about killing a lot of ducks, 279 00:18:45,520 --> 00:18:48,960 Speaker 1: but to your knowledge you just can't ever remember them 280 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:52,439 Speaker 1: talking about how one tastes, that's probably a good start. 281 00:18:53,119 --> 00:18:56,280 Speaker 1: Call Idaho Fishing Game two oh eight four six five 282 00:18:56,600 --> 00:19:01,680 Speaker 1: eight four six five or Citizens Against Poaching six three 283 00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:04,919 Speaker 1: to five, nine nine nine. Do me a big favor 284 00:19:05,240 --> 00:19:09,520 Speaker 1: and send in your favorite simple duck recipes to a 285 00:19:09,800 --> 00:19:12,960 Speaker 1: s k C A L at the meat eater dot com. 286 00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:15,359 Speaker 1: I'll read a couple out loud or get them up 287 00:19:15,359 --> 00:19:18,440 Speaker 1: on the Meat Eater website so as to help those 288 00:19:18,520 --> 00:19:23,959 Speaker 1: with itchy trigger fingers and lazy culinary lives duck legs. 289 00:19:24,119 --> 00:19:27,240 Speaker 1: To get the party started, just grill to a medium 290 00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:30,520 Speaker 1: rare on a barbecue or like a trigger grill. If 291 00:19:30,560 --> 00:19:33,000 Speaker 1: you want to do like my buddy Sean in California 292 00:19:33,040 --> 00:19:36,760 Speaker 1: does throw a little warmed up oyster sauce on there. 293 00:19:37,240 --> 00:19:41,040 Speaker 1: It's really that simple. Those puddle duck legs do not 294 00:19:41,280 --> 00:19:45,800 Speaker 1: work very hard and they taste very good. Next up 295 00:19:46,359 --> 00:19:54,000 Speaker 1: or down, depending on your geography. Iberville Parish, Louisiana, Raheem Pierce, 296 00:19:54,440 --> 00:19:58,760 Speaker 1: aged twenty, the youngest parish councilman in history, received a 297 00:19:58,840 --> 00:20:03,320 Speaker 1: summons after staying to his Facebook page his breakfast consisting 298 00:20:03,359 --> 00:20:07,040 Speaker 1: of French fries and fried robins straight from his backyard. 299 00:20:07,680 --> 00:20:10,639 Speaker 1: Councilman Pierce had a pretty good morning of violating the 300 00:20:10,640 --> 00:20:14,680 Speaker 1: Migratory Bird Act for never leaving the backyard. He admittedly 301 00:20:14,760 --> 00:20:18,439 Speaker 1: begged ten robbins. Now, I will admit there are a 302 00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:21,480 Speaker 1: lot of tasty looking birds out there who, with a 303 00:20:21,520 --> 00:20:24,200 Speaker 1: shotgun in hand, hasn't let their eyes linger a little 304 00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:27,199 Speaker 1: long on a robin's breast or even that of the 305 00:20:27,200 --> 00:20:31,359 Speaker 1: metal lark. Non game migratory birds are off limits, and 306 00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:34,080 Speaker 1: the killing of one can result in a thousand dollar 307 00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:38,920 Speaker 1: fine and or one and twenty days in jail, which 308 00:20:38,960 --> 00:20:41,920 Speaker 1: is a good reminder if some of you listening are 309 00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:44,960 Speaker 1: just chocking this up to what happens in Cajun country. 310 00:20:45,280 --> 00:20:49,320 Speaker 1: There is no doubt that institutional knowledge doing things the 311 00:20:49,320 --> 00:20:54,000 Speaker 1: way Dad or Grandma did does exist, but so does 312 00:20:54,040 --> 00:20:57,359 Speaker 1: the Internet. I will also direct you to Col's Wee 313 00:20:57,359 --> 00:21:00,800 Speaker 1: Can Review episode five, which was by the time of 314 00:21:00,840 --> 00:21:04,480 Speaker 1: this posting ninety weeks ago, which is how I can 315 00:21:04,560 --> 00:21:12,040 Speaker 1: measure my life anyway. In episode five, you will hear 316 00:21:12,080 --> 00:21:16,720 Speaker 1: about non Cajun songbird eaters from the quote cultured countries 317 00:21:16,920 --> 00:21:20,200 Speaker 1: of France and Italy. If it sounds like I'm taking 318 00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:25,119 Speaker 1: it easy on the young councilman from Iberville Parish, I am. 319 00:21:25,160 --> 00:21:28,040 Speaker 1: This is his first foray into politics, and you can 320 00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:31,600 Speaker 1: imagine what would happen in this country if all politicians 321 00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:35,639 Speaker 1: followed this young councilman's example and just posted all of 322 00:21:35,680 --> 00:21:39,280 Speaker 1: their illegal activities on Facebook. I think we'd be better 323 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:45,239 Speaker 1: off moving on. After last week's bad bill around up 324 00:21:45,560 --> 00:21:48,040 Speaker 1: I was flooded with more bills and all of us 325 00:21:48,080 --> 00:21:53,600 Speaker 1: outdoor loving folks should be paying attention. Maryland House Bill 326 00:21:53,760 --> 00:21:57,240 Speaker 1: zero nine one one would restrict layout boats from the 327 00:21:57,280 --> 00:22:01,800 Speaker 1: Susquehanna for the purpose of waterfowl hunt. Apparently, there is 328 00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:05,200 Speaker 1: not enough room on that giant river for folks who 329 00:22:05,280 --> 00:22:08,359 Speaker 1: choose to hunt by body booting, which is standing in 330 00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:10,960 Speaker 1: the water with your decoy spread while hiding behind a 331 00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:14,000 Speaker 1: pivoting decoy, and those folks who lay in a low 332 00:22:14,040 --> 00:22:18,640 Speaker 1: profile boat amongst their decoys. Oddly enough, the body booters, 333 00:22:18,680 --> 00:22:20,760 Speaker 1: at least some of them use boats to get to 334 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:24,480 Speaker 1: their spots. Too. Dying to learn more about this, so 335 00:22:24,640 --> 00:22:30,440 Speaker 1: feel free to write in and educate me. Kansas, pay 336 00:22:30,440 --> 00:22:34,440 Speaker 1: attention you white tail fanatics. House Bill to zero to five. 337 00:22:34,840 --> 00:22:38,760 Speaker 1: Would like a similar bill introduced in South Dakota restrict 338 00:22:38,840 --> 00:22:43,240 Speaker 1: state employees which includes wildlife officers from setting foot on 339 00:22:43,640 --> 00:22:47,640 Speaker 1: or even surveilling private property, which I am not sure 340 00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:51,800 Speaker 1: how the law can restrict anyone's vision from crossing property lines, 341 00:22:52,520 --> 00:22:54,960 Speaker 1: but anyway, you'd need a warrant if this bill were 342 00:22:54,960 --> 00:22:58,280 Speaker 1: to pass. Spencer new Hearth and we at the meat 343 00:22:58,320 --> 00:23:01,119 Speaker 1: eater dot Com just recently reported on the case of 344 00:23:01,240 --> 00:23:05,639 Speaker 1: John Black Jr. The Sharon, Kansas poacher, who, as a 345 00:23:05,640 --> 00:23:09,639 Speaker 1: result of a multi year investigation, received a one hundred 346 00:23:09,680 --> 00:23:13,119 Speaker 1: and thirty nine count indictment which led to prison, a 347 00:23:13,240 --> 00:23:16,440 Speaker 1: fine of more than three hundred thousand dollars, and revocation 348 00:23:16,560 --> 00:23:21,119 Speaker 1: of privileges. He killed sixty white tail bucks illegally that 349 00:23:21,240 --> 00:23:25,000 Speaker 1: they know of you white tail crazy folks, help me out. 350 00:23:25,800 --> 00:23:28,360 Speaker 1: You think he got sixty trophy bucks off of one 351 00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:33,040 Speaker 1: property or multiple? Do white tail bucks move across property 352 00:23:33,080 --> 00:23:36,119 Speaker 1: lines in the rut? Do you think a wildlife officer's 353 00:23:36,240 --> 00:23:39,600 Speaker 1: job would be helped or hindered in their attempt to 354 00:23:39,640 --> 00:23:44,080 Speaker 1: catch people like this who are stealing public wildlife. Even 355 00:23:44,119 --> 00:23:49,520 Speaker 1: in a state that is private, wildlife is still public 356 00:23:49,760 --> 00:23:53,320 Speaker 1: no matter who owns the land. House Bill two zero 357 00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:56,480 Speaker 1: to five, were a warden, if I'm reading it right, 358 00:23:56,720 --> 00:23:59,920 Speaker 1: can't even legally see a poacher on private land with 359 00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:03,000 Speaker 1: out a warrant. Really makes you wonder how a bill 360 00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:06,160 Speaker 1: like this gets started. If you're into big white tail, 361 00:24:06,480 --> 00:24:10,760 Speaker 1: I'd prefer to give the wardens a boost. Next. Indiana 362 00:24:10,840 --> 00:24:16,399 Speaker 1: State Bill three eight nine, the so called Wetland Elimination Proposal, 363 00:24:17,119 --> 00:24:20,040 Speaker 1: And I'm not laughing at this because I want to 364 00:24:20,640 --> 00:24:23,760 Speaker 1: Elimination is not just a placeholder word in this case 365 00:24:25,160 --> 00:24:29,280 Speaker 1: of Indiana's wetlands have already been drained, and SB three 366 00:24:29,359 --> 00:24:33,440 Speaker 1: eight nine would eliminate any restrictions on draining the remaining 367 00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:37,120 Speaker 1: wetlands in the state outside of federal control, which would 368 00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:41,320 Speaker 1: mean about of the wetlands left in the state. Maybe 369 00:24:41,320 --> 00:24:44,080 Speaker 1: this one operates off that old math theory we were 370 00:24:44,160 --> 00:24:47,639 Speaker 1: challenged with as kids. If you reduce something by half, 371 00:24:47,960 --> 00:24:52,240 Speaker 1: can you ever get to zero? Wetlands are incredibly important 372 00:24:52,400 --> 00:24:55,919 Speaker 1: for clean water, for wildlife, and for people. Take a 373 00:24:55,960 --> 00:24:58,320 Speaker 1: look at the examples in the prairie pothole states of 374 00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:01,239 Speaker 1: North and South Dakota of what happens when wetlands are 375 00:25:01,240 --> 00:25:06,399 Speaker 1: eliminated by people upstream. The folks downstream get really wet. 376 00:25:07,119 --> 00:25:10,760 Speaker 1: If you like clean water, nature, migratory birds, and you 377 00:25:10,800 --> 00:25:13,320 Speaker 1: have anything to do with the state of Indiana, I'd 378 00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:17,480 Speaker 1: be paying attention to State Bill three eight nine next 379 00:25:17,560 --> 00:25:23,840 Speaker 1: up HR one Firearms and Ammunition Licensing and Registration Act. 380 00:25:24,560 --> 00:25:28,439 Speaker 1: I would contact your congressional representative on this one. Among 381 00:25:28,480 --> 00:25:33,040 Speaker 1: the many things wrong with HR on is it excludes 382 00:25:33,280 --> 00:25:36,679 Speaker 1: anyone under the age of twenty one from legal ownership 383 00:25:36,840 --> 00:25:40,520 Speaker 1: or possession of a firearm, basically turning every farm kid 384 00:25:40,560 --> 00:25:44,280 Speaker 1: in America into a criminal. This one is bad. It's 385 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:47,840 Speaker 1: ill conceived, and that's really all I have to say. 386 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:52,440 Speaker 1: And last, but not least, some really good news and 387 00:25:52,520 --> 00:25:55,880 Speaker 1: e eleven year old angler from Wasilla, Alaska hauled out 388 00:25:55,880 --> 00:25:58,399 Speaker 1: a nine pound two ounce bourbit from the ice just 389 00:25:58,520 --> 00:26:02,520 Speaker 1: before midnight and at time. The story is a bit confusing, 390 00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:06,199 Speaker 1: as the angler's name is Pike, Amy Pike, and she 391 00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:09,439 Speaker 1: caught a bourbon, which is a landlock cod, not a pike. Well, 392 00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:11,439 Speaker 1: then who's playing first Yeah? I mean the fellow's name 393 00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:14,639 Speaker 1: my first base playing first base for St. Louis the 394 00:26:14,720 --> 00:26:19,119 Speaker 1: guy on first base? Who what are you asking me for? Also, 395 00:26:19,440 --> 00:26:22,359 Speaker 1: the state of Alaska gave Pike, which is not a bourbon, 396 00:26:22,720 --> 00:26:26,160 Speaker 1: a youth fishing certificate noting her large catch. But even 397 00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:28,679 Speaker 1: though I am jealous of you, Amy, this is not 398 00:26:28,800 --> 00:26:33,000 Speaker 1: a record book fish in either the adult or youth categories. 399 00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:35,440 Speaker 1: This is just a pat on the back for doing 400 00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:39,760 Speaker 1: something awesome, fun, legal, and in terms of food productive 401 00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:44,000 Speaker 1: at midnight. The official state record for bourbon a fish 402 00:26:44,040 --> 00:26:47,200 Speaker 1: I am enamored with for many reasons. One of these 403 00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:49,919 Speaker 1: reasons is if you run from tail to nose on 404 00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:54,280 Speaker 1: a bourbon, the anatomy would read caudle fin or tail 405 00:26:54,760 --> 00:27:00,359 Speaker 1: anal fin, heart anal vamp, and so on. Point being 406 00:27:00,560 --> 00:27:04,359 Speaker 1: is their heart comes before or I guess after their 407 00:27:04,400 --> 00:27:08,480 Speaker 1: anal event, depending on your perspective. I am dying to 408 00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:13,200 Speaker 1: know how the orientation of the bourbon's heart is beneficial 409 00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:18,360 Speaker 1: to this species, if anyone knows, please right in anyway, 410 00:27:18,760 --> 00:27:23,200 Speaker 1: official State of Alaska record is twenty four pounds twelve ounces, 411 00:27:23,320 --> 00:27:26,840 Speaker 1: and that was caught in six I was discussing this 412 00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:31,160 Speaker 1: with my good buddy Stephen Ronnella, and he theorizes that 413 00:27:31,200 --> 00:27:35,440 Speaker 1: there is so much wild country in Alaska and so 414 00:27:35,480 --> 00:27:38,919 Speaker 1: many people fishing all the time, that the odds of 415 00:27:38,960 --> 00:27:42,280 Speaker 1: this being truly the state record is very, very low. 416 00:27:42,920 --> 00:27:45,439 Speaker 1: Like the odds that somebody pulls out the state record 417 00:27:45,560 --> 00:27:47,760 Speaker 1: in an area where they could actually get it officially 418 00:27:47,800 --> 00:27:51,840 Speaker 1: weighed and measured just seems off to him. Not discounting 419 00:27:51,880 --> 00:27:56,240 Speaker 1: twenty four pound bourbon though. Anyway, congrats and keep at it, 420 00:27:56,320 --> 00:28:01,480 Speaker 1: miss Pike. And for a very last bit of uplifting news, 421 00:28:01,960 --> 00:28:06,879 Speaker 1: this one in memory of Robert Victus, a successful orthodonist 422 00:28:06,920 --> 00:28:10,639 Speaker 1: and outdoorsman from the Syracuse, New York area, recently passed 423 00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:14,600 Speaker 1: away from pancreatic cancer. But in the fashion of someone 424 00:28:14,720 --> 00:28:18,240 Speaker 1: who truly loves the outdoors, he left behind a legacy 425 00:28:18,440 --> 00:28:22,280 Speaker 1: of opportunity. He left ten million dollars to the Central 426 00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:25,959 Speaker 1: New York Community Foundation to help support outdoor parks and 427 00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:30,760 Speaker 1: recreational areas and Onondaga and Madison Counties. Here's another fun 428 00:28:30,800 --> 00:28:34,080 Speaker 1: fact for you. Onondaga, as a tribe in the Iroquois Nation, 429 00:28:34,480 --> 00:28:37,520 Speaker 1: got nothing to do with this. The Doctor Robert J. 430 00:28:37,760 --> 00:28:41,479 Speaker 1: Victus Fund will support programs that will involve youth hunting 431 00:28:41,480 --> 00:28:45,560 Speaker 1: and fishing or conservation efforts to improve wildlife habitat and 432 00:28:45,600 --> 00:28:49,480 Speaker 1: forest health. That's according to Tom Griffith, vice president of 433 00:28:49,520 --> 00:28:54,960 Speaker 1: Development for the Community Foundation, and reported by Syracuse dot com. 434 00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:57,800 Speaker 1: The cash will be distributed in grants not to exceed 435 00:28:57,800 --> 00:29:00,240 Speaker 1: a hundred and fifty thousand dollars in the He is 436 00:29:00,280 --> 00:29:03,920 Speaker 1: to keep this endowment self funding and ahead of inflation. 437 00:29:04,800 --> 00:29:08,440 Speaker 1: Dr Bob also donated two million dollars to the Upstate 438 00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:14,400 Speaker 1: New York Land Trust to support watershed protection, public access, recreation, hunting, fishing, 439 00:29:14,600 --> 00:29:17,640 Speaker 1: and forest management. I thought that was a pretty darn 440 00:29:17,680 --> 00:29:22,480 Speaker 1: cool thing. Thanks for listening. As per usual, let me 441 00:29:22,520 --> 00:29:24,160 Speaker 1: know what's going on in your neck of the woods 442 00:29:24,280 --> 00:29:27,240 Speaker 1: by writing in to a s k c a L. 443 00:29:27,640 --> 00:29:31,360 Speaker 1: That's asked cal at the Meat Eater dot com. I'll 444 00:29:31,360 --> 00:29:32,280 Speaker 1: talk to you next week.