WEBVTT - Lab 028: There’s Something in the Water 0:00:00.240 --> 0:00:03.120 If there's one thing that's happening is Corona's keeping us outside. 0:00:03.360 --> 0:00:04.440 That's where I feel safest. 0:00:04.519 --> 0:00:06.480 Yeah, definitely taking more walks. 0:00:07.480 --> 0:00:10.440 You've been bike riding, Oh man, I've been biking, like 0:00:10.840 --> 0:00:13.280 my life depends on it. Tour de France, Tour to 0:00:13.320 --> 0:00:18.919 four ninety five, I'm riding underneath it. Do you remember 0:00:18.960 --> 0:00:21.119 when people were talking about how the air quality was 0:00:21.120 --> 0:00:23.080 improven because everyone was staying home. 0:00:23.400 --> 0:00:25.239 Oh my gosh. There were so many things that were 0:00:25.239 --> 0:00:27.360 coming out at the right at the beginning of quarantine 0:00:27.360 --> 0:00:29.800 that was like the air quality in la is the 0:00:29.840 --> 0:00:32.319 best it's ever been, or something like that, and I 0:00:32.560 --> 0:00:35.440 was like, oh my gosh, it's because no one is 0:00:35.520 --> 0:00:38.559 driving around. Everybody was at home, so the air quality 0:00:38.600 --> 0:00:38.960 was better. 0:00:39.280 --> 0:00:41.640 And I was like, Yo, this is a wake up call. 0:00:41.960 --> 0:00:46.879 We're really out here just polluting all over the planet, honestly, 0:00:47.000 --> 0:00:48.479 and we don't even that was our day to day. 0:00:48.520 --> 0:00:50.160 We didn't even think about it. We didn't. 0:00:50.280 --> 0:00:52.559 And what it also showed us is that we can 0:00:52.600 --> 0:00:55.040 be doing better. When you know better, you do better. 0:00:55.440 --> 0:00:58.319 So now that we know what it takes, what you're 0:00:58.320 --> 0:00:58.640 gonna do? 0:00:58.920 --> 0:01:00.000 Hey, how are you going to. 0:01:02.920 --> 0:01:05.840 I'm t t and I'm Ziah and from Spotify. This 0:01:05.959 --> 0:01:31.800 is Dope Labs. You know what, I've been noticing what 0:01:32.200 --> 0:01:35.120 every time we're go on a walk. So me and 0:01:35.240 --> 0:01:38.560 Jimmy we have like this this game that we play 0:01:39.600 --> 0:01:43.679 and we try and spot the rubber gloves or spot 0:01:43.720 --> 0:01:48.360 the mask on the ground. What's not on people? Because 0:01:48.480 --> 0:01:51.760 now that everybody is wearing gloves and masks, now we're 0:01:51.760 --> 0:01:55.120 seeing a lot of gloves and masks just on the 0:01:55.120 --> 0:01:58.880 ground in the street, in the grass. Like I saw 0:01:58.880 --> 0:02:01.440 a bird packing at a mask the other day and 0:02:01.520 --> 0:02:04.680 I was just like, what is going on? 0:02:05.400 --> 0:02:06.040 That's crazy. 0:02:06.200 --> 0:02:10.720 We got coronavirus, but then we're also continuing to kill 0:02:10.760 --> 0:02:11.200 the planet. 0:02:11.240 --> 0:02:12.880 And you know where those masks are going to end up. 0:02:13.080 --> 0:02:16.760 We know exactly where they're going, right into the ocean exactly. 0:02:16.919 --> 0:02:20.080 And that's today's topic. We're talking about the ocean and 0:02:20.160 --> 0:02:23.000 specifically how the ocean is connected to the health and 0:02:23.120 --> 0:02:27.040 vitality of our planet because as we all know, we 0:02:27.080 --> 0:02:28.080 could be doing better. 0:02:28.360 --> 0:02:30.560 Like when you talk about like there was so many 0:02:30.560 --> 0:02:33.079 things that came out about how many microplastics that we're 0:02:33.120 --> 0:02:36.600 starting to find in the ocean and in the fish 0:02:36.639 --> 0:02:41.079 that we eat that are in the ocean and finding 0:02:41.080 --> 0:02:44.920 all these microplastics because we're not disposing of our plastic 0:02:45.000 --> 0:02:49.320 and our waists properly, Like we know these things already, 0:02:49.360 --> 0:02:51.800 and y'all are throwing your gloves and masks on the ground. 0:02:52.320 --> 0:02:55.280 There's so much to consider when talking about climate change, 0:02:55.320 --> 0:02:57.760 So why are we only focusing on the ocean? 0:02:57.840 --> 0:03:00.800 I feel like people when we talk about climent a change, 0:03:01.000 --> 0:03:04.079 Like people think about you know, emissions from our cars, 0:03:04.080 --> 0:03:06.519 like yeah, we want electric cars and things like that, 0:03:07.400 --> 0:03:10.640 and we think about recycling, reduce, reuse, recycle, but we 0:03:10.720 --> 0:03:14.840 don't talk about the ocean like really at all. Yeah, 0:03:14.919 --> 0:03:16.960 you know, sometimes it comes up and people are like, yeah, 0:03:17.080 --> 0:03:19.760 the ocean is important, like let's not forget, but then 0:03:19.800 --> 0:03:21.040 we forget about the ocean. 0:03:21.240 --> 0:03:22.600 Yeah. It's like out of sight, out of. 0:03:22.560 --> 0:03:25.600 Mind exactly because most of us don't live on the ocean, 0:03:25.919 --> 0:03:28.480 and so it's not something that we interact with every day. 0:03:28.639 --> 0:03:30.920 But we do interact with you know, trees, and we 0:03:30.960 --> 0:03:33.840 interact with our cars and things like that. So what 0:03:33.919 --> 0:03:36.800 we're doing with this lab today is bringing the ocean 0:03:37.320 --> 0:03:37.560 to you. 0:03:38.120 --> 0:03:39.240 Let's get into the recitation. 0:03:41.600 --> 0:03:42.440 So what do we know? 0:03:42.640 --> 0:03:44.440 I know, the planet is seventy one percent water. But 0:03:44.480 --> 0:03:47.000 I feel like I learned a lot of stuff as 0:03:47.000 --> 0:03:50.280 a kid about the ocean, and I haven't really brought 0:03:50.280 --> 0:03:51.040 that stuff back to the. 0:03:51.040 --> 0:03:51.960 Forefront of my mind. 0:03:52.640 --> 0:03:55.080 Like, I know the ocean is all connected and it 0:03:55.160 --> 0:03:57.960 moves water, but I don't really know the significance of 0:03:57.960 --> 0:03:59.440 that why I should care about it. 0:03:59.480 --> 0:04:02.119 I mean, I know I care, but I don't really 0:04:02.120 --> 0:04:02.880 know the details. 0:04:03.160 --> 0:04:07.880 We know that the ocean affects all things, right, yeah, 0:04:07.880 --> 0:04:12.600 but in what way you know? I mean, we can't 0:04:12.680 --> 0:04:14.480 use the We can't cop out and say, oh, that's 0:04:14.480 --> 0:04:16.360 not our area of research, because it's. 0:04:16.240 --> 0:04:18.400 Just like you live here exactly. 0:04:19.480 --> 0:04:21.520 It's like, oh, this is my house, but I don't 0:04:21.520 --> 0:04:22.840 know nothing about the roof. 0:04:23.080 --> 0:04:29.520 What, Yeah, you're gonna find out exactly. I think we 0:04:29.560 --> 0:04:31.719 should just start with that baseline assumption. Knowing that the 0:04:31.720 --> 0:04:33.640 Earth is over seventy percent water is enough for me 0:04:33.680 --> 0:04:35.279 to know that the ocean is important, and I should 0:04:35.320 --> 0:04:37.320 get down to some nitty gritties. It sounds like we're 0:04:37.320 --> 0:04:39.000 going to focus a lot on what we want. 0:04:38.800 --> 0:04:43.400 To know, yes, because we don't know enough. And so 0:04:43.640 --> 0:04:45.680 one of the things that I want to know is 0:04:46.480 --> 0:04:49.800 how is the ocean affected by climate change. We know 0:04:49.839 --> 0:04:52.080 it is, Okay, I'm not saying that I don't know 0:04:52.120 --> 0:04:56.359 that it is. I'm saying, like, in what ways that 0:04:56.920 --> 0:04:59.279 you know we might be missing? Is it affected? 0:05:00.000 --> 0:05:01.280 Help us see our blind spots? 0:05:01.320 --> 0:05:03.280 Basically, yes, I want these blinders off. 0:05:03.520 --> 0:05:04.719 I want to see the whole thing. 0:05:06.200 --> 0:05:08.520 And if you know, people are always saying save the ocean, 0:05:09.240 --> 0:05:11.240 and if you save the ocean, you can save the Earth. 0:05:11.880 --> 0:05:14.360 I need you to draw a line between those dots. 0:05:14.920 --> 0:05:17.440 What exactly about saving the ocean helps me save the 0:05:17.480 --> 0:05:18.600 rest of the planet, right? 0:05:18.680 --> 0:05:19.240 I want to know that. 0:05:19.480 --> 0:05:21.200 And I want to know what are some of the 0:05:21.520 --> 0:05:27.599 misconceptions about the ocean, how it affects the world, the 0:05:27.640 --> 0:05:31.800 things that we can do. And I know that there 0:05:31.800 --> 0:05:35.680 are certain people that are disproportionately affected by climate change, 0:05:36.480 --> 0:05:41.800 and I would like to know how, why, and who 0:05:41.839 --> 0:05:43.240 those people are specifically. 0:05:43.720 --> 0:05:45.680 That's a lot to think about. I think we're ready 0:05:45.680 --> 0:05:46.680 to jump into the dissection. 0:05:46.880 --> 0:05:50.560 Our guest for today's lab is doctor Ayana Elizabeth Johnson. 0:05:50.720 --> 0:05:54.039 My name is doctor Ayana Elizabeth Johnson. I am a 0:05:54.080 --> 0:05:59.800 marine biologist and a climate policy nerd from Brooklyn, New York. 0:06:00.360 --> 0:06:03.000 She is the goat and she's trying to be modest. 0:06:03.240 --> 0:06:05.520 She's founder and CEO of Ocean Collective. 0:06:05.640 --> 0:06:09.039 Ocean Collective is a consulting firm for conservation solutions that 0:06:09.120 --> 0:06:10.600 are grounded in social justice. 0:06:10.720 --> 0:06:13.080 You can find doctor Johnson at the Nexus of all 0:06:13.160 --> 0:06:18.119 things science, policy and communication. She's always advocating for coastal 0:06:18.160 --> 0:06:21.640 communities and basically figuring out how to solve our climate crisis. 0:06:21.680 --> 0:06:23.839 And we're gonna talk about those solutions in a bit, 0:06:24.000 --> 0:06:28.520 but first, let's talk about the ocean. How does the 0:06:28.560 --> 0:06:30.839 ocean work with the rest of the planet. 0:06:31.160 --> 0:06:33.159 Let's hit some key points, right. I think you have 0:06:33.200 --> 0:06:36.160 to know these things to understand the gravity of why 0:06:36.200 --> 0:06:39.120 the ocean is so important. The scope of the ocean 0:06:39.200 --> 0:06:39.719 is huge. 0:06:39.800 --> 0:06:40.000 You know. 0:06:40.080 --> 0:06:41.920 We tend to think about what's happening right at the 0:06:41.960 --> 0:06:44.919 shore and we think, oh, look there's a huge wave. 0:06:45.520 --> 0:06:49.000 No sea waves in the ocean can move at hundreds 0:06:49.040 --> 0:06:50.039 of miles per hour. 0:06:50.279 --> 0:06:54.599 And the ocean, because it's so vast, hasn't been explored 0:06:54.640 --> 0:06:58.680 as some other parts of our universe, like there are 0:06:58.760 --> 0:07:02.320 more extensive maps aps of Mars than our own ocean. 0:07:03.080 --> 0:07:06.840 So how does the ocean move? I think it's really 0:07:06.920 --> 0:07:09.840 useful to imagine the ocean as this huge pump, like 0:07:09.920 --> 0:07:13.600 this big physical pump that's just churning water all around 0:07:13.600 --> 0:07:16.720 the planet. So in the ocean, the ocean that's all 0:07:16.720 --> 0:07:20.440 over the planet, there are these things called gyres, and 0:07:20.560 --> 0:07:25.040 a gyre is any large system of circulating ocean currents, 0:07:25.560 --> 0:07:28.520 and the way that they're formed is by the Earth's 0:07:28.560 --> 0:07:32.400 wind patterns and by the forces that make the Earth rotate. 0:07:33.120 --> 0:07:37.800 So on our planet Earth, there are five major ocean gyers, 0:07:38.120 --> 0:07:42.920 the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Indian, North Pacific, and South Pacific. 0:07:43.480 --> 0:07:47.360 And together these gyers circulate the ocean water all around 0:07:47.400 --> 0:07:50.320 the planet, and the ocean doesn't exist in a vacuum. 0:07:50.680 --> 0:07:53.560 The ocean and the climate are very intertwined. 0:07:53.640 --> 0:07:57.080 When we think about our climate system, it's the ocean 0:07:57.080 --> 0:08:00.160 actually plays a big role. It's not just the atmosphere. 0:08:00.400 --> 0:08:02.440 It's the interactions between the two. 0:08:02.840 --> 0:08:03.080 You know. 0:08:03.160 --> 0:08:05.560 One of the things that's easy to forget is that 0:08:05.600 --> 0:08:08.360 we don't have some unlimited source of water. The water 0:08:08.520 --> 0:08:10.920 that's on this planet is all we have, and it's 0:08:10.960 --> 0:08:13.880 just constantly being recycled. So the water that rains down 0:08:13.880 --> 0:08:15.960 on us has been in the ocean many times before 0:08:16.320 --> 0:08:21.240 it's evaporated into our atmosphere. Then it's precipitated and it 0:08:21.280 --> 0:08:25.920 becomes snow or rain, and it's distributed over bodies of 0:08:25.920 --> 0:08:29.000 water or land, and when it's in land, it just 0:08:29.280 --> 0:08:32.000 you know, drains right back down our waterways and basins 0:08:32.040 --> 0:08:34.920 back into the ocean to complete that cycle all over again. 0:08:35.600 --> 0:08:38.520 The water molecules that make up the ocean are constantly 0:08:38.520 --> 0:08:41.240 interchanging with the water molecules that make up our atmosphere. 0:08:41.280 --> 0:08:44.720 So the temperature of the water means a lot for 0:08:44.800 --> 0:08:47.280 the temperature of the air and the weather where you are. 0:08:47.440 --> 0:08:50.719 The ocean has this amazing heat capacity, so it can 0:08:50.760 --> 0:08:54.480 absorb solar energy and then it can release it as heat, 0:08:54.640 --> 0:08:57.960 but it does that vary slowly. So the way I 0:08:58.000 --> 0:09:00.720 think about that is considering, you know, it's a hot 0:09:00.760 --> 0:09:03.520 it's a sunny, hot day, but when you get in 0:09:03.520 --> 0:09:04.160 the ocean. 0:09:03.880 --> 0:09:04.920 The water is still cold. 0:09:05.120 --> 0:09:08.680 Because the ocean has the ability to absorb way more 0:09:08.720 --> 0:09:12.640 heat than the atmosphere around it, right, and because it 0:09:12.679 --> 0:09:15.000 has that heat capacity, it doesn't rapidly heat up and 0:09:15.080 --> 0:09:16.840 rapidly drop in heat in temperature. 0:09:17.040 --> 0:09:19.360 Imagine if the heat the ocean can heat up as 0:09:19.400 --> 0:09:21.439 fast as the atmosphere, like the air around us. 0:09:21.760 --> 0:09:26.199 Oh, I don't want it. I don't want I. 0:09:26.120 --> 0:09:28.160 Don't want to be boiled like that. You're gonna sou 0:09:28.280 --> 0:09:33.040 vid yourself. So then my next question is how are 0:09:33.040 --> 0:09:35.240 the oceans affected by climate change? 0:09:35.320 --> 0:09:38.760 I'm so glad you asked, because most people don't think 0:09:38.800 --> 0:09:41.760 of the ocean as part of climate change, as part 0:09:41.800 --> 0:09:43.359 of the climate system. 0:09:43.480 --> 0:09:46.920 So t t's just explained about these gyres. We now 0:09:47.000 --> 0:09:49.600 understand how the temperature of the ocean is super important, 0:09:49.840 --> 0:09:52.600 and this is all such a delicate balance for how 0:09:52.679 --> 0:09:56.720 our planet keeps us alive. Any interruption or imbalance or 0:09:56.800 --> 0:09:59.679 skew in one direction of this balance is a problem, 0:10:00.160 --> 0:10:01.760 and today we're just going to touch on a couple 0:10:01.840 --> 0:10:04.720 of those examples. There are a few ways the ocean 0:10:04.800 --> 0:10:07.520 is affected, but it's all related to the increase of 0:10:07.559 --> 0:10:11.200 the ocean's temperature, and it's like a domino effect or 0:10:11.200 --> 0:10:14.480 a chain reaction that causes a lot of different issues. 0:10:14.800 --> 0:10:17.880 The heat of the water actually drives a lot of 0:10:17.920 --> 0:10:21.679 different things. So you have this cold, dense, salty water 0:10:21.880 --> 0:10:24.600 that then sinks and it drives this sort of conveyor 0:10:24.640 --> 0:10:27.559 belt in the North Atlantic. But if the water doesn't 0:10:27.559 --> 0:10:31.680 get cold enough in northern Europe. Then it doesn't sink 0:10:31.840 --> 0:10:34.760 as fast and sort of the current this conveyor belt 0:10:34.800 --> 0:10:35.600 is slowing down. 0:10:35.760 --> 0:10:38.280 When the ocean water gets warmer, it can cause a 0:10:38.320 --> 0:10:39.800 lot of problems. 0:10:39.360 --> 0:10:43.080 If the water's really warm. My favorite climate scientist, doctor 0:10:43.200 --> 0:10:47.240 Tate Marvel at NASA, she describes a warm ocean as 0:10:47.360 --> 0:10:48.200 hurricane food. 0:10:48.280 --> 0:10:51.720 The atmosphere is always holding water vapor, and that's just 0:10:51.800 --> 0:10:55.160 water in a gaseous state, but the atmosphere's ability to 0:10:55.200 --> 0:10:58.560 hold that vapor is related to temperature. Warm air can 0:10:58.600 --> 0:11:00.800 hold more water vapor than cold air can. 0:11:01.040 --> 0:11:04.000 If you think about the summertime and how we only 0:11:04.000 --> 0:11:08.080 talk about humidity in the summer. That's because warm air 0:11:08.200 --> 0:11:10.800 has the ability to trap those water molecules, and that's 0:11:10.880 --> 0:11:13.800 what humidity is. That's water in the air. But in 0:11:13.800 --> 0:11:15.640 the winter time we don't talk about that because cold 0:11:15.640 --> 0:11:16.679 air does not do that. 0:11:16.760 --> 0:11:18.360 And when you think about it that way, like you said, 0:11:18.400 --> 0:11:21.680 the warm air, when that ocean water is evaporating, it 0:11:21.760 --> 0:11:24.880 increases the temperature and humidity of the air around it. 0:11:25.360 --> 0:11:28.600 And that's how whenever they talk about hurricanes, they're always 0:11:28.600 --> 0:11:31.360 showing that you've never seen a hurricane generate overland. 0:11:31.640 --> 0:11:35.480 It comes from the ocean over where we live. 0:11:35.760 --> 0:11:39.200 Right hat this heat and more evaporation and stronger and 0:11:39.240 --> 0:11:43.120 wetter storms become even more dangerous, and that is also 0:11:43.640 --> 0:11:44.640 due to climate change. 0:11:45.080 --> 0:11:47.400 The next thing to understand about climate change affecting the 0:11:47.440 --> 0:11:51.080 ocean is how it changes the ocean's chemistry. We've all 0:11:51.160 --> 0:11:53.760 heard that the warming temperature of the planet is caused 0:11:53.760 --> 0:11:57.719 by greenhouse gases, but those gases are also being absorbed 0:11:58.120 --> 0:11:59.319 by the ocean, and so. 0:11:59.240 --> 0:12:03.520 We've actually changed the chemistry of seawater by burning all 0:12:03.559 --> 0:12:06.800 these fossil fuels, and that is bananas. The ocean is enormous, 0:12:06.800 --> 0:12:09.199 and we've changed the chemistry of the entire ocean. 0:12:09.640 --> 0:12:13.040 The ocean is a carbon sink. That means a place 0:12:13.080 --> 0:12:16.240 where the carbon can just go to basically just go away, 0:12:16.400 --> 0:12:18.800 right if you think about it. The carbon regenerate from 0:12:18.800 --> 0:12:22.320 activities like driving and flying and even exhaling, all that 0:12:22.360 --> 0:12:24.680 carbon has to go somewhere, and so the ocean just 0:12:24.720 --> 0:12:27.480 takes all that excess carbon and through a variety of processes, 0:12:27.559 --> 0:12:29.800 it basically traps it in its depths. 0:12:30.240 --> 0:12:33.840 But of course we've taken it too far. The Ocean 0:12:33.880 --> 0:12:37.680 Foundation says that we're exceeding the ocean's carbon sink capacity. 0:12:38.200 --> 0:12:41.240 So that's like if I let my friend borrow my 0:12:41.280 --> 0:12:43.280 car and I'm like, yeah, that's fine, you can go 0:12:43.320 --> 0:12:45.760 get groceries, and then I find out a week later 0:12:45.760 --> 0:12:47.920 they actually took a road trip across the country and 0:12:47.960 --> 0:12:52.360 now my car is broken down in California. That's too much. 0:12:52.640 --> 0:12:57.360 I'm not that friend, by the way, that's a different friend, right. Yes, 0:12:57.559 --> 0:12:59.400 why you're trying to tell me something. 0:12:59.559 --> 0:13:02.160 Well, we'll see. 0:13:03.000 --> 0:13:05.960 And the thing is all this excess carbon that we're generating. 0:13:06.000 --> 0:13:07.920 That's not the only thing the ocean is absorbing. It's 0:13:08.040 --> 0:13:09.560 also absorbing heat. 0:13:09.679 --> 0:13:13.520 And the ocean has also absorbed ninety percent of the 0:13:13.559 --> 0:13:17.560 heat that we've trapped. So the ocean is getting warmer. 0:13:17.600 --> 0:13:20.120 The sea water is, you know, a degree celsius or 0:13:20.160 --> 0:13:23.760 more warmer than it used to be in modern history. 0:13:24.240 --> 0:13:29.720 Warmer water holds less oxygen, and warmer water also stresses 0:13:29.840 --> 0:13:32.080 fish out, so they're like super stressed out and they 0:13:32.120 --> 0:13:35.679 can't get enough oxygen. And it's just a recipe for 0:13:35.720 --> 0:13:36.280 a disaster. 0:13:36.400 --> 0:13:38.040 You know, when you get in the shower and you 0:13:38.080 --> 0:13:40.120 turn around in that hot water touches your back. Oof, 0:13:40.600 --> 0:13:41.800 that's what we're doing to the fish. 0:13:42.760 --> 0:13:45.719 They are upset, just as upset as you'd be when 0:13:45.760 --> 0:13:48.240 you take that into account with like the heat capacity 0:13:48.280 --> 0:13:49.760 and how the ocean warms slowly. 0:13:50.640 --> 0:13:51.920 Even if we stop what we're. 0:13:51.800 --> 0:13:53.640 Doing right now, the ocean is going to continue to 0:13:53.679 --> 0:13:56.480 warm because of past things that we've done and because 0:13:56.520 --> 0:13:57.480 it has that heat capacity. 0:13:57.520 --> 0:13:59.720 It's just slow. So don't be like, oh, it doesn't 0:13:59.760 --> 0:14:00.480 feel to. 0:14:00.440 --> 0:14:03.920 Me exactly, because people will think a degree is not 0:14:04.000 --> 0:14:04.840 that big of a deal. 0:14:05.000 --> 0:14:07.520 They must not live with anyone else. If you haven't 0:14:07.520 --> 0:14:09.920 fought over seventy four versus seventy five degrees in the 0:14:09.960 --> 0:14:11.240 house date, you don't understand. 0:14:11.280 --> 0:14:13.360 I don't want to talk to you about the ocean exactly. 0:14:16.160 --> 0:14:19.120 Living in the middle of DC, it is a swamp 0:14:19.200 --> 0:14:21.120 here that air needs to be cutting on. 0:14:21.720 --> 0:14:24.400 And so these are all the ways that climate change 0:14:24.640 --> 0:14:25.680 is affecting the ocean. 0:14:25.800 --> 0:14:28.240 So if we go back to the metaphor like, oh, 0:14:28.280 --> 0:14:30.240 you let your friend borrow your car. But I'm a 0:14:30.240 --> 0:14:32.360 good friend. So if I'm the ocean, I'm a good friend, 0:14:32.400 --> 0:14:34.760 and I'm like, hey, I understand like you had places 0:14:34.800 --> 0:14:37.760 you felt like you had to go, I'll let you 0:14:37.760 --> 0:14:39.880 borrow my car again. That's the way the ocean is 0:14:39.920 --> 0:14:42.880 treating us. They are such a good friend that even 0:14:42.960 --> 0:14:47.800 after misusing them and mistreating them, they still going to 0:14:47.840 --> 0:14:48.640 try and help us out. 0:14:48.840 --> 0:14:51.960 There's all these ways the ocean's like out there trying 0:14:51.960 --> 0:14:55.360 to help us, and we just constantly ignore it. 0:14:55.520 --> 0:14:58.440 And it's not just the ocean, you know, when we 0:14:58.520 --> 0:15:00.760 think about all the places we want to go and 0:15:00.840 --> 0:15:03.600 all the greenhouse gases we continue to generate, the ocean's 0:15:03.640 --> 0:15:05.800 doing this job. So are our rivers and streams and 0:15:05.840 --> 0:15:09.040 salt marshes and mangroves. All those things absorb way more 0:15:09.080 --> 0:15:12.600 carbon than like no shade to the trees, But then 0:15:12.640 --> 0:15:16.440 the trees do, okay. So all those areas, those water 0:15:16.560 --> 0:15:18.640 rich areas, they absorb more carbon. 0:15:19.000 --> 0:15:22.480 And another thing that I think that no one really 0:15:22.880 --> 0:15:25.560 knows or thinks about, that we talked about with doctor Johnson. 0:15:26.120 --> 0:15:28.920 One of these things that is in the ocean that 0:15:29.120 --> 0:15:34.920 helps with purifying the water and keeping a record of history. 0:15:35.440 --> 0:15:38.160 Men's the kid's favorite late night treat. 0:15:39.760 --> 0:15:43.040 Ah oysters, if you've been out with me and there 0:15:43.040 --> 0:15:45.000 are bi valves on the menu, you already have heard 0:15:45.000 --> 0:15:47.760 this feel, you know, I like the little ecological history 0:15:47.800 --> 0:15:50.640 along with my horse bradish and oysters. Yes, And like 0:15:50.680 --> 0:15:53.800 you said, they're great storytellers. Like, if there's anything that's 0:15:53.800 --> 0:15:56.520 going to get you motivated, the thing that you're eating, 0:15:56.560 --> 0:15:57.120 do you love that? 0:15:57.600 --> 0:15:58.680 Well, what if it was no more? 0:15:58.880 --> 0:16:02.600 And there's finally some oysters are getting more respect as 0:16:02.680 --> 0:16:06.760 far as their role in filtering water. 0:16:06.960 --> 0:16:09.720 They are. They're really good, I. 0:16:09.760 --> 0:16:14.400 Fink filtering access nutrients and pollution out of water. And 0:16:14.480 --> 0:16:16.760 I'm actually on the board of the Billion Oyster Project 0:16:17.040 --> 0:16:20.680 in New York City. They're trying to replant a billion 0:16:20.720 --> 0:16:23.520 oysters in New York Harbor by twenty thirty five and 0:16:23.720 --> 0:16:27.600 involve a million school students in the process. But you know, 0:16:27.680 --> 0:16:30.240 they can't swim away, and they're really easy to catch 0:16:30.280 --> 0:16:33.360 and catch them all, so we basically ate them all. 0:16:33.520 --> 0:16:35.800 What people don't realize is that we're at an all 0:16:35.960 --> 0:16:39.680 time low for our oyster populations compared to the estimated 0:16:39.760 --> 0:16:42.560 levels in the early sixteen hundreds. We're at about one 0:16:42.680 --> 0:16:45.080 percent of the oyster population we used to have. 0:16:45.360 --> 0:16:47.960 So it was like, we don't have any oysters. That's 0:16:48.000 --> 0:16:49.160 what it feels like, you're saying. 0:16:49.640 --> 0:16:52.000 That's what I'm saying to you, friend. Oh, and this 0:16:52.160 --> 0:16:54.440 is why I didn't know it was so dire. And 0:16:54.600 --> 0:16:56.680 all this tells me is that you haven't been listening 0:16:56.680 --> 0:16:58.680 to me because I tell you this every time. 0:16:59.000 --> 0:17:02.320 Okay, Well, I'll just be trying to eat and enjoy 0:17:02.400 --> 0:17:04.719 my cocktail and my oysters. 0:17:05.720 --> 0:17:10.760 Oyster reefs can be an incredibly effective buffer from storms 0:17:10.840 --> 0:17:14.520 and waves because they just like they buffer that energy. 0:17:14.600 --> 0:17:17.400 They kind of like disperse all of that by creating 0:17:17.440 --> 0:17:20.040 all this friction that you know, breaks the power of 0:17:20.720 --> 0:17:24.480 the waves coming ashore. And so restoring oysters is actually 0:17:24.520 --> 0:17:29.000 a really important part of building resilience to climate change. 0:17:29.080 --> 0:17:33.480 So shout outs to oysters for being delicious and historical 0:17:33.760 --> 0:17:35.280 and saving us. 0:17:35.359 --> 0:17:40.800 The oysters are physicists. They're providing a great barrier between 0:17:41.680 --> 0:17:44.879 the ocean and our coastline. It's like putting in a 0:17:44.960 --> 0:17:48.360 like a permeable brick wall where some water will get through, 0:17:48.359 --> 0:17:50.520 but it slows it down because they're taking the brunt 0:17:50.560 --> 0:17:54.439 of the forest. Yes, so they're standing there like no 0:17:54.600 --> 0:17:57.920 limit soldiers and getting whipped up by this ocean and 0:17:58.240 --> 0:17:59.879 they're like, that's fine, thank you, sir. 0:18:00.200 --> 0:18:03.160 I have another man. I'm silk the Shaka oyster, which 0:18:03.160 --> 0:18:03.640 one of you. 0:18:04.240 --> 0:18:10.560 Definitely master p Mayer say nanah, no nah. 0:18:11.480 --> 0:18:13.440 Maybe I'll be Snoop Dogg when he was on no limit. 0:18:13.600 --> 0:18:16.360 If anybody mess with Snoop Doggie Dog, are. 0:18:16.359 --> 0:18:17.640 Y'all gonna save the oysters or what? 0:18:18.040 --> 0:18:20.800 We don't deserve them? We don't deserve these oysters. They 0:18:20.800 --> 0:18:21.440 deserve better. 0:18:22.200 --> 0:18:23.199 How are we gonna fix this? 0:18:23.359 --> 0:18:25.359 That's where my head is, that, like, how can we 0:18:25.560 --> 0:18:27.959 just make sure the ocean is a part of these solutions? 0:18:27.960 --> 0:18:30.840 And right now I'm really focused on how that would 0:18:30.880 --> 0:18:33.240 manifest in terms of policy change, And. 0:18:33.200 --> 0:18:36.280 We're gonna talk more about those policy changes coming right 0:18:36.320 --> 0:18:43.800 after the break. 0:18:54.160 --> 0:18:56.359 Now it's time to put on our myth busting hats 0:18:56.400 --> 0:18:58.800 and talk about some common misconceptions when it comes to 0:18:58.840 --> 0:19:00.000 the ocean and climate chain. 0:19:00.480 --> 0:19:04.080 The first misconception is about who is the most concerned 0:19:04.119 --> 0:19:05.440 about our changing planet. 0:19:05.640 --> 0:19:09.720 We are taught this myth that white people care more 0:19:09.720 --> 0:19:13.400 about nature, care more about climate. It's like the rugged, outdoorsy, 0:19:13.480 --> 0:19:18.240 wilderness Patagonia clad prius driving dudes who are like they're 0:19:18.240 --> 0:19:22.080 going to save the planet. And it's actually more likely 0:19:22.160 --> 0:19:26.000 that a Latina grandma in Arizona cares about the climate 0:19:26.040 --> 0:19:29.080 than a college student in Massachusetts. Like that's how the 0:19:29.119 --> 0:19:29.960 polling plays out. 0:19:30.040 --> 0:19:33.760 And I've wondered, I'm like, is it the outdoorsy influencers 0:19:33.760 --> 0:19:35.600 that are making us think this? Is it the YouTube 0:19:35.680 --> 0:19:39.200 videos about camping that make you think the like, this 0:19:39.240 --> 0:19:40.960 is the profile of a person who cares. 0:19:41.359 --> 0:19:44.080 Probably, I think that's I think it's all the marketing 0:19:44.119 --> 0:19:47.080 of all of these outdoors companies as well, where I mean, 0:19:47.160 --> 0:19:50.240 everybody in all of their ads are white, and they 0:19:50.240 --> 0:19:53.840 don't show that black and brown people are also doing 0:19:53.880 --> 0:19:57.560 things within their community. They might not necessarily be hiking, 0:19:57.640 --> 0:20:00.840 because you know, they might not have the privilege of 0:20:00.880 --> 0:20:03.800 having that kind of time to just say I'm going 0:20:03.880 --> 0:20:06.200 to spend time walking through the woods and things like that, 0:20:06.720 --> 0:20:11.480 but they're doing things within their community to impact climate change. 0:20:11.560 --> 0:20:13.120