WEBVTT - Part One: Charlotta Bass: The Black Journalist Who Refused the Red Scare

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<v Speaker 1>Cool Zon Media.

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<v Speaker 2>Hello, and welcome to Cool People Who Did Cool Stuff,

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<v Speaker 2>your weekly reminder that when the federal government does terrible

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<v Speaker 2>things to people, people can fight back and actually successfully

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<v Speaker 2>have long and successful lives of doing incredible activism. I'm

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<v Speaker 2>your host, Margaret Kiljoy, and this week on the show,

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<v Speaker 2>my guest is Kristen Conger. Hi. How are you? Hi?

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<v Speaker 3>I'm great, so happy to be here.

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<v Speaker 2>You are the host of the podcasts Unladylike and Conspiracy.

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<v Speaker 2>She wrote, You are the former host and forever founder

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<v Speaker 2>of the podcast stuff Mom Never Told You, which is

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<v Speaker 2>how I first heard of you, because it is the

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<v Speaker 2>home of one of my all time favorite returning guests,

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<v Speaker 2>Samantha McVeigh, So I figured you're probably really cool too, Love.

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<v Speaker 1>Samantha and our dear dear dear dear dear dear dear

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<v Speaker 1>dear friend, Bridge Todd.

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<v Speaker 2>That's true, okay, but you are the second Conger we've had. Actually,

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<v Speaker 2>I actually don't even know if I've had Molly Conger

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<v Speaker 2>on the show, but I just like spiritually have had

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<v Speaker 2>Molly Kong on the show. You have okay, great. I

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<v Speaker 2>don't remember things. That's kind of my bit to study

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<v Speaker 2>a new subject every week. It works out fine for

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<v Speaker 2>me anyway. You're the second Conger we got on the show.

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<v Speaker 2>What is a conger? Like a Cooper has made barrels?

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<v Speaker 2>What does a conger have done?

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<v Speaker 3>As far as I know, conger was a shortened version

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<v Speaker 3>from bell conger.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh like you hit bells.

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<v Speaker 3>So I don't know if that meant we made the

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<v Speaker 3>bells or just rang the bell. Whoa, that's something to

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<v Speaker 3>do with bells. And I'm thinking about, you know, just

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<v Speaker 3>reclaiming the bell bell Conger. Maybe I can get Molly

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<v Speaker 3>Conger on board. I don't know.

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<v Speaker 2>I love that I have an entire set of tuned

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<v Speaker 2>bells in my kitchen where normal people keep their instruments

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<v Speaker 2>their dining room.

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<v Speaker 3>I should know how to play them. You know, it's

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<v Speaker 3>in my blood.

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<v Speaker 2>Hell yeah. Also on the show is Sophie. Hi, Sophie,

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<v Speaker 2>you're a producer.

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<v Speaker 3>Hey, magbye, I'm happy to be here.

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<v Speaker 2>This week. We are on a red Scare kick. I've

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<v Speaker 2>been on a red Scare kick for a moment because

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<v Speaker 2>it is a thing that includes way too much of

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<v Speaker 2>my brain space in my waking life. Because there's a

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<v Speaker 2>new red Scare starter, and I thought to myself, why

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<v Speaker 2>not take time to look at an anti red scare

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<v Speaker 2>activist a principle. I'm going to see if you can

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<v Speaker 2>figureut who it is. I have no idea whether you'll

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<v Speaker 2>know this person or not, just literally no idea. A

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<v Speaker 2>principled woman who seemed constitutionally incapable of backing down from

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<v Speaker 2>a fight. She was a pioneering journalist, probably the first

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<v Speaker 2>black woman to own a newspaper in the United States,

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<v Speaker 2>and certainly the first black woman vice presidential candidate in

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<v Speaker 2>US history when she ran for office in nineteen fifty

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<v Speaker 2>two on the Progressive Party ticket. It's not a quiz.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, I'm asking if you know, but that's just

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<v Speaker 2>literally out of curiosity. I wouldn't have known.

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<v Speaker 3>I wish I knew. She sounds incredible.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I have good news for you about the next

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<v Speaker 2>two hours of your life, because we're going to talk

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<v Speaker 2>the one the only Charlotta spears bass and I am

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<v Speaker 2>accidentally going to say bass probably several times, and that's

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<v Speaker 2>embarrassing because bass looks like bass.

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<v Speaker 1>I really like the name Charlotta.

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<v Speaker 3>I know, yeah, it's a powerful name.

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<v Speaker 2>Charlotta spears bass like coming out the gate, strong name.

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<v Speaker 2>She is cool as hell and like can't be as

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<v Speaker 2>easily summed up as every like pop history piece that

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<v Speaker 2>I read about her. Some of them are really well done,

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<v Speaker 2>but she has like a lot of articles written about

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<v Speaker 2>her a couple of years ago because of Kamala Harris,

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<v Speaker 2>who she has almost nothing in common with besides identity

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<v Speaker 2>and being vice presidential candidates or whatever, you know.

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<v Speaker 3>But yeah, my question though, is like, how did I

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<v Speaker 3>miss her? It seems like she deserves way more attention.

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<v Speaker 2>I know, I was really surprised because like everything I've

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<v Speaker 2>read is like, oh, yeah, everyone knows about this person,

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<v Speaker 2>and I'm like, I had never I even know a

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<v Speaker 2>lot of the supporting characters in this story, like Marcus

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<v Speaker 2>Garvey's and here, Paul Robison's in here. Yeah, and like

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<v Speaker 2>also just like specifically, black journalism is a thing that's

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<v Speaker 2>really interesting to me, and like the role of newspapers

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<v Speaker 2>and social change, because frankly, old timing newspapers were almost

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<v Speaker 2>more like modern podcasts than they are like modern newspapers,

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<v Speaker 2>because like the line between opinion piece and news was

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<v Speaker 2>a lot blurrier, right, Like it is also in our

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<v Speaker 2>field of.

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<v Speaker 3>Work, you don't say I try to.

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<v Speaker 2>Tell the truth all the time. It's just my truth

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<v Speaker 2>has opinion in it. I straight up don't know how

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<v Speaker 2>well known this person is, right, but as is classic

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<v Speaker 2>for talking about a black person born in the US South,

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<v Speaker 2>maybe maybe the US South Papolios North. She was born

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<v Speaker 2>in the nineteenth century, and so I've therefore read contradictory

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<v Speaker 2>dates about when she was born and where she was born.

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<v Speaker 2>This whole story is going to have more contradictory facts

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<v Speaker 2>from seemingly trustworthy sources than I wish it did. There's

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<v Speaker 2>like multiple people with like PhDs or pedigrees being like, oh,

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<v Speaker 2>blah blah blah this thing, and other people being like

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<v Speaker 2>this other thing, and that's just going to be the

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<v Speaker 2>way it is.

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<v Speaker 3>Interesting.

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<v Speaker 2>Charlotta Amanda Spears was born on Valentine's Day sometime between

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<v Speaker 2>eighteen seventy four and eighteen seventy eight, or why not

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<v Speaker 2>maybe eighteen seventy nine or eighteen eighty eighteen seventy four

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<v Speaker 2>seems like the most likely. So going to go with it.

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<v Speaker 2>I'll probably point out when there's like contradictory stuff, but

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<v Speaker 2>overall I'm doing it like this is my best interpretation. Right.

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<v Speaker 2>She was the sixth of eleven kids, which is both

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of kids and also a oddly or a

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<v Speaker 2>normal number for the time. Her mother was Kate Spears.

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<v Speaker 2>Her father was Hiram Spears, and he was a brain Claire.

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<v Speaker 2>And she was probably born in the bustling city of Sumter,

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<v Speaker 2>South Carolina, which is so bustling and I had never

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<v Speaker 2>heard of it and I had to look it up.

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<v Speaker 3>I'm like, what, it sounds very Confederacy.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, no, absolutely, I mean the Confederacy is you know,

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<v Speaker 2>dead and gone sort of by this point. But yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>Sumter is currently the eighth biggest city in South Carolina,

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<v Speaker 2>so it has that going for it. Hell yeah, it's

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<v Speaker 2>not a big place. It's also possible she was born

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<v Speaker 2>in Little Compton, Rhode Island. I like, how oddly specific

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<v Speaker 2>these two places are and very far away from me.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, very different settings.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and she's going to move to Rhode Island, but

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<v Speaker 2>not to Little Compton. So most sources say South Carolina,

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<v Speaker 2>and that's certainly demographically more likely. We're going to talk

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<v Speaker 2>about the Great Migration and stuff like that, but that

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<v Speaker 2>comes fifty years later, and honestly, she's going to be

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<v Speaker 2>part of what causes the Great Migration. By well, I'll

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<v Speaker 2>get into it. I just love how like individual figures,

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<v Speaker 2>like I hate the great man of history theory, but

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<v Speaker 2>instead I love a kind of inverse of that, where

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<v Speaker 2>instead of it being an undifferentiated mob and like social

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<v Speaker 2>conditions that create change, I love how it's like the

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<v Speaker 2>accumulated action of a whole lot of individuals and.

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<v Speaker 3>Groups almost like to be super reductive. It's almost butterfly effectish.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, totally, which is why I have my giant red

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<v Speaker 2>string board of all of the weird connections between all

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<v Speaker 2>of these people, and it keeps me up at night

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<v Speaker 2>that I don't know all of these connections, and if

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<v Speaker 2>I had a time machine, I would be absurd and

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<v Speaker 2>just do it as a weird historian, not try and

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<v Speaker 2>make the world better like anything like that, and just

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<v Speaker 2>be like, but how'd you know that? Guy?

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<v Speaker 3>Those are the kind of conspiracy theories I think we

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<v Speaker 3>need more of the.

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<v Speaker 2>Like small people who accidentally created big change. Yeah, I'm

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<v Speaker 2>into that. Most sources issues born in South Carolina. That's

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<v Speaker 2>the most likely from my point of view, But the

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<v Speaker 2>Rhode Island claim comes from the library that holds all

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<v Speaker 2>of her papers, so I'll fucking whatever. What I do

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<v Speaker 2>know is that eighteen seventy four to eighteen eighty was

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<v Speaker 2>a rough time to be born a black person in

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<v Speaker 2>the US South or the US North. The Union had

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<v Speaker 2>won the Civil War in eighteen sixty five. I always

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<v Speaker 2>have to include as much context as possible, because I

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<v Speaker 2>always never know things when I go into things. The

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<v Speaker 2>Union had won the Civil War in eighteen sixty five,

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<v Speaker 2>which brought legal chattel slavery to a halt in the

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<v Speaker 2>US and for about ten years during reconstruction, there was

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<v Speaker 2>a flourishing of black economic and political power in the

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<v Speaker 2>US South because that's where the overwhelming majority of black

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<v Speaker 2>people lived. Black politician after black politician was elected, and

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<v Speaker 2>now that it wasn't literally a crime to be literate,

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<v Speaker 2>literacy rates among black people were skyrocketing. Like I am

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<v Speaker 2>not aware of another moment in time where a group

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<v Speaker 2>of people had their literacy rates go up so fast.

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<v Speaker 2>Because it's worth underlining here socialisms. We gonna be talking

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<v Speaker 2>about a black journalist what a threat black literacy was

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<v Speaker 2>to white supremacy. When Nat Turner led a rebellion in

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<v Speaker 2>eighteen thirty one that just had the slavers pissing themselves

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<v Speaker 2>in fear. Just you can't overestimate how much Nat Turner's

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<v Speaker 2>rebellion scared people. Part of what scared people was that

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<v Speaker 2>he was literate, he had read the Bible that he preached,

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<v Speaker 2>and black sailors from the North were smuggling abolitionist texts

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<v Speaker 2>into the South. And in response to Nat Turner's rebellion,

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<v Speaker 2>teaching literacy to enslaved people became illegal. So it was like,

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<v Speaker 2>now you're like, even the white person can get in

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<v Speaker 2>trouble for teaching black people how to read. Before the war,

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<v Speaker 2>only about ten percent of enslaved people were literate. By

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<v Speaker 2>eighteen seventy, the number was twenty percent. By nineteen ten

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<v Speaker 2>it was seventy percent. And so for twelve years you

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<v Speaker 2>have this kind of beautiful thing going on, and then

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<v Speaker 2>in eighteen seventy seven, federal troops are withdrawn and white

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<v Speaker 2>Southern racists reassert their power through Jim Crow laws. And

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<v Speaker 2>that's the time period in which Charlotta was born during

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<v Speaker 2>a beautiful dream that was shattered by powerful bigots. So

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<v Speaker 2>in eighteen ninety four, when she's sixteen or twenty or

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<v Speaker 2>fourteen or something, she's young. Yeah, she moved to Rhode Island,

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<v Speaker 2>unless she was born there in which case. At this point,

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<v Speaker 2>she moved to Providence, Rhode Island.

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<v Speaker 3>Hilarious, and she.

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<v Speaker 2>Went there because her older brother was there. And supposedly,

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<v Speaker 2>I'm going to do so many supposedly as in this

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<v Speaker 2>and I tried to look all of them up because

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<v Speaker 2>I'm weird and obsessive. Supposedly she attended Pembroke College and Providence,

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<v Speaker 2>which is part of Brown University, the Ivy League, which

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<v Speaker 2>was the women's college that was attached to Brown University.

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<v Speaker 2>If this is true, she would have been one of

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<v Speaker 2>the very first black women, and it would throw off

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of the timelines of what I read. It's

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<v Speaker 2>still possible. I still think she did it. I just

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<v Speaker 2>think it throws off people's timelines because Pembrook started teaching.

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<v Speaker 2>It was just kind of a throwaway fact, like, oh,

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<v Speaker 2>and then she went to this Ivy League university as

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<v Speaker 2>like a black girl from the South, and I'm like,

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<v Speaker 2>I fucking need to know more about that. This is

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<v Speaker 2>the eighteen nineties we're talking about, right. Pembrooke started teaching

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<v Speaker 2>women in eighteen ninety two. The first black woman admitted

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<v Speaker 2>to the college wasn't until until nineteen oh one. Ethel

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<v Speaker 2>Tremaine Robinson and she didn't graduate until nineteen oh five,

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<v Speaker 2>so Bass could have attended, but not right away, and

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<v Speaker 2>that's what I assume happened. I think she did about

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<v Speaker 2>a semester there, and this would have been rough. The

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<v Speaker 2>teachers and students were racist as hell. I read some

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<v Speaker 2>about Ethel Tremaine's experiences there. The teachers and students were

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<v Speaker 2>racist as hell. She wouldn't have been allowed to live

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<v Speaker 2>on campus with the white women. So she's allowed to

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<v Speaker 2>come to class, but she's not allowed to socialize or live,

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<v Speaker 2>you know. And there would have been no scholarships available

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<v Speaker 2>to her, which is obviously the kind of like systemic

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<v Speaker 2>oppression that she's going to spend her entire life fighting against.

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<v Speaker 2>I would suspect that her brother paid her way through school.

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<v Speaker 2>Ellis Spears was a businessman who had two restaurants and

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<v Speaker 2>an ice delivery service to his name, just not nothing.

0:12:31.640 --> 0:12:33.320
<v Speaker 3>I'd love to see those menus.

0:12:33.840 --> 0:12:35.240
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, totally.

0:12:36.320 --> 0:12:37.040
<v Speaker 3>That it was good.

0:12:37.400 --> 0:12:39.320
<v Speaker 2>Well, then we really find out whether he's from South

0:12:39.360 --> 0:12:39.960
<v Speaker 2>Carolina or.

0:12:40.000 --> 0:12:41.439
<v Speaker 3>Or an island exactly.

0:12:44.040 --> 0:12:47.320
<v Speaker 2>And so she started her newspaper life while she's in

0:12:47.400 --> 0:12:51.200
<v Speaker 2>Providence working for the Providence Watchman, which is a black

0:12:51.240 --> 0:12:55.080
<v Speaker 2>newspaper at the time there, and she's selling ads and subscriptions,

0:12:55.440 --> 0:12:59.599
<v Speaker 2>which I would like to note is truly a noble pastime,

0:13:00.440 --> 0:13:05.679
<v Speaker 2>selling the ads that support media that promote radical ideas,

0:13:06.240 --> 0:13:11.240
<v Speaker 2>which is why to carry on in her legacy, I

0:13:11.280 --> 0:13:14.480
<v Speaker 2>would like, for once we don't usually do this, to

0:13:14.559 --> 0:13:17.520
<v Speaker 2>have products and services that support the show. Interrupted the

0:13:17.520 --> 0:13:24.520
<v Speaker 2>podcast and reback. I had no idea how far into this.

0:13:24.640 --> 0:13:26.520
<v Speaker 2>I was like almost tried to rework my script so

0:13:26.559 --> 0:13:28.160
<v Speaker 2>that that would be at the right time for an

0:13:28.160 --> 0:13:28.600
<v Speaker 2>AD break.

0:13:28.640 --> 0:13:30.760
<v Speaker 1>There's no right time for an AD break.

0:13:32.280 --> 0:13:35.800
<v Speaker 2>There's no wrong time for an AD break. So that

0:13:35.920 --> 0:13:39.880
<v Speaker 2>was smooth, Thank you, thank you. Although I do think

0:13:39.880 --> 0:13:41.760
<v Speaker 2>it's actually kind of it probably brought this up before,

0:13:43.040 --> 0:13:45.600
<v Speaker 2>even like the like radical newspapers of the sixties and

0:13:45.600 --> 0:13:47.760
<v Speaker 2>seventies were selling ads, and like it's kind of a

0:13:47.800 --> 0:13:51.600
<v Speaker 2>thing that people like we kind of whitewashed the radicals

0:13:51.600 --> 0:13:54.480
<v Speaker 2>of the past and sort of like anything that doesn't

0:13:54.520 --> 0:13:58.000
<v Speaker 2>map to like what we would expect or want them

0:13:58.040 --> 0:14:01.079
<v Speaker 2>to do, we tend to try and take out when

0:14:01.080 --> 0:14:03.959
<v Speaker 2>we talk about them. So it took me a while.

0:14:04.000 --> 0:14:07.000
<v Speaker 2>I was surprised when I was like the young Lord's

0:14:07.080 --> 0:14:09.320
<v Speaker 2>like the Puerto Rican radical movement in New York City.

0:14:09.520 --> 0:14:13.199
<v Speaker 2>They sold ads in their newspaper. I'm like, oh, yeah, no,

0:14:13.320 --> 0:14:18.920
<v Speaker 2>because they wanted to print their newspaper, like they didn't

0:14:18.920 --> 0:14:23.240
<v Speaker 2>have big money behind them. The Watchman was a black newspaper,

0:14:23.760 --> 0:14:26.360
<v Speaker 2>And if you've heard almost any episode of the show

0:14:26.440 --> 0:14:28.480
<v Speaker 2>at about the turn of the century, you know that

0:14:28.560 --> 0:14:30.720
<v Speaker 2>newspapers were kind of a big deal at the time.

0:14:31.120 --> 0:14:34.000
<v Speaker 2>The podcasts of their time, as I like to call them,

0:14:34.240 --> 0:14:36.440
<v Speaker 2>although I also sometimes call other things the podcast at

0:14:36.440 --> 0:14:39.880
<v Speaker 2>the time, like street what's the thing where he said

0:14:39.920 --> 0:14:44.480
<v Speaker 2>on a soapbox street soapboxers, I'm just gonna call them

0:14:44.480 --> 0:14:47.240
<v Speaker 2>the street preaching or yeah no, But there's this kind

0:14:47.240 --> 0:14:50.400
<v Speaker 2>of thing where like there's a big thing in the

0:14:50.560 --> 0:14:54.440
<v Speaker 2>early twentieth century before Twitter, everyone would be bored, so

0:14:54.480 --> 0:14:56.200
<v Speaker 2>they just go out to the park and they'd be

0:14:56.280 --> 0:15:00.280
<v Speaker 2>basically like people soapboxing. But soapboxing was kind of a

0:15:00.280 --> 0:15:03.480
<v Speaker 2>comedy act because you had to do infotainment. You had

0:15:03.520 --> 0:15:05.720
<v Speaker 2>to get across your ideas right, but you had to

0:15:05.720 --> 0:15:08.520
<v Speaker 2>do it entertainingly because you have literally other soapboxers all

0:15:08.560 --> 0:15:11.000
<v Speaker 2>around the park and you're competing for an audience. So

0:15:11.000 --> 0:15:15.040
<v Speaker 2>it's like competitive infotainment comedy.

0:15:15.920 --> 0:15:17.920
<v Speaker 3>Oh god, so it was like proto YouTube.

0:15:18.880 --> 0:15:22.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it wasn't podcasts, it was proto YouTube. That's what

0:15:22.400 --> 0:15:27.880
<v Speaker 2>soapboxing was. Your background's like journalist stuff, right, m And like,

0:15:28.600 --> 0:15:32.880
<v Speaker 2>I'm curious. I'm just really interested in how journalism shapes

0:15:32.920 --> 0:15:35.880
<v Speaker 2>ideas and the way that we like view journalism has

0:15:36.000 --> 0:15:39.520
<v Speaker 2>changed so much. The idea of the objective newspaper was

0:15:39.600 --> 0:15:42.880
<v Speaker 2>kind of I have always heard basically invented by the

0:15:42.920 --> 0:15:45.320
<v Speaker 2>New York Times in order to tell newspapers being like,

0:15:45.360 --> 0:15:47.040
<v Speaker 2>ah are the ones who are telling you the truth

0:15:47.080 --> 0:15:49.840
<v Speaker 2>and nothing but the truth? You know. I'm just interested

0:15:49.800 --> 0:15:50.480
<v Speaker 2>in all that stuff.

0:15:51.480 --> 0:15:54.479
<v Speaker 3>I mean, I won't take you down a full journalism

0:15:54.560 --> 0:16:01.560
<v Speaker 3>school tangent, but a full journalism school tangent down that

0:16:01.640 --> 0:16:06.120
<v Speaker 3>old dusty road. I actually majored in newspapers, which is

0:16:06.960 --> 0:16:11.720
<v Speaker 3>sounds like I majored in like horse and buggies. Yeah yeah,

0:16:11.760 --> 0:16:14.960
<v Speaker 3>And it was taught as like a very like you know,

0:16:15.080 --> 0:16:20.040
<v Speaker 3>a noble art of objectivity. But maybe it was just

0:16:20.040 --> 0:16:21.840
<v Speaker 3>getting sold spon con from the New York Times and

0:16:21.880 --> 0:16:22.680
<v Speaker 3>didn't even know it.

0:16:23.680 --> 0:16:26.120
<v Speaker 2>I mean, it's funny, it's like I'll kind of make

0:16:26.160 --> 0:16:28.440
<v Speaker 2>fun of that. But like when I was like a journalist,

0:16:28.480 --> 0:16:29.960
<v Speaker 2>but I'm going to use air quotes because I was

0:16:29.960 --> 0:16:31.960
<v Speaker 2>mostly an activist when I was younger, and I did

0:16:31.960 --> 0:16:35.000
<v Speaker 2>a lot of like video reporting on protests and things

0:16:35.040 --> 0:16:38.840
<v Speaker 2>like that turn of the millennia. Because I'm ancient. We

0:16:38.960 --> 0:16:41.320
<v Speaker 2>always talked about how objectivity is a myth, but we

0:16:41.400 --> 0:16:44.600
<v Speaker 2>kind of did that to like defend our own like

0:16:45.360 --> 0:16:50.000
<v Speaker 2>utter lack of objectivity. And I eventually was like, objectivity

0:16:50.040 --> 0:16:52.640
<v Speaker 2>is kind of a myth, but we should still kind

0:16:52.680 --> 0:16:54.840
<v Speaker 2>of strive for a lot of things that are mythical,

0:16:55.360 --> 0:16:58.080
<v Speaker 2>you know, Like I want to tell you the truth

0:16:58.160 --> 0:17:00.320
<v Speaker 2>when I tell you this story about someone that I

0:17:00.320 --> 0:17:02.440
<v Speaker 2>think is cool, and I also want to be really

0:17:02.520 --> 0:17:05.679
<v Speaker 2>upfront about my biases so that you can analyze what

0:17:05.760 --> 0:17:09.200
<v Speaker 2>I'm saying and say, like, all right, well Margaret thinks

0:17:09.200 --> 0:17:11.600
<v Speaker 2>that because she thinks the following things, right. But I'm

0:17:11.600 --> 0:17:12.960
<v Speaker 2>still going to try, you know.

0:17:13.680 --> 0:17:18.239
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I think I've philosophically like shifted away from, like

0:17:18.280 --> 0:17:22.280
<v Speaker 3>you said, like accepting the myth of objectivity, maybe still

0:17:22.280 --> 0:17:24.960
<v Speaker 3>striving for it, but really like I strive to give

0:17:25.000 --> 0:17:28.800
<v Speaker 3>the context at the very least. Yeah, Yeah, totally, people

0:17:28.800 --> 0:17:29.560
<v Speaker 3>can hang on to.

0:17:30.200 --> 0:17:32.400
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's like, the only way I can care about

0:17:32.400 --> 0:17:34.280
<v Speaker 2>history is once I understand the things around it, like

0:17:34.320 --> 0:17:38.879
<v Speaker 2>a series of like individual incidents, names and dates and stuff.

0:17:39.600 --> 0:17:40.639
<v Speaker 3>Oh yeah, timeline.

0:17:40.880 --> 0:17:43.840
<v Speaker 2>No, yeah, no, that's never gonna I only start caring

0:17:43.840 --> 0:17:46.359
<v Speaker 2>about timeline once I've studied so many things in a

0:17:46.440 --> 0:17:49.960
<v Speaker 2>general area that I can start being like, oh shit,

0:17:50.040 --> 0:17:52.080
<v Speaker 2>that happened in nineteen sixty four. Then that means the

0:17:52.119 --> 0:17:55.159
<v Speaker 2>following thing, you know, mm hmm. But like that's not

0:17:55.200 --> 0:17:57.399
<v Speaker 2>where I'm starting, and that's not where I expect the

0:17:57.400 --> 0:17:59.760
<v Speaker 2>audience to start. That's why I like my podcasts is

0:17:59.760 --> 0:18:02.480
<v Speaker 2>that they admit that also, our goal is to keep

0:18:02.560 --> 0:18:06.119
<v Speaker 2>people entertained, which is why I'm sure this meta conversation

0:18:06.240 --> 0:18:10.080
<v Speaker 2>is totally entertaining to you, the listener. And so though

0:18:10.119 --> 0:18:13.879
<v Speaker 2>these black newspapers all over the country, and it's a

0:18:14.840 --> 0:18:19.000
<v Speaker 2>really important part of the network of emancipation that people

0:18:19.000 --> 0:18:20.879
<v Speaker 2>are building of liberation, like literally one of them is

0:18:20.880 --> 0:18:23.000
<v Speaker 2>called the Liberator, although that one is funny, I think,

0:18:23.200 --> 0:18:26.360
<v Speaker 2>oh lord, that one actually was in the eighteen sixties

0:18:26.480 --> 0:18:28.000
<v Speaker 2>and it was actually run by a white man, but

0:18:28.040 --> 0:18:30.120
<v Speaker 2>it was considered a black newspaper because all of its

0:18:30.160 --> 0:18:31.920
<v Speaker 2>readership was black. And most of the people doing the

0:18:31.960 --> 0:18:33.679
<v Speaker 2>other stuff were black, but it was being financed by

0:18:33.720 --> 0:18:36.600
<v Speaker 2>a like rich white abolitionist. One day, I'm going to

0:18:36.640 --> 0:18:39.240
<v Speaker 2>do more about The Liberator. I only read a paragraph

0:18:39.280 --> 0:18:41.000
<v Speaker 2>about it while doing this episode, and then I didn't

0:18:41.000 --> 0:18:44.080
<v Speaker 2>put it in the script. Anyway, she worked not for

0:18:44.119 --> 0:18:46.359
<v Speaker 2>the Liberator. She worked for the Watchman, which is a

0:18:46.359 --> 0:18:48.639
<v Speaker 2>good name for a paper. They had cool names for

0:18:48.680 --> 0:18:50.200
<v Speaker 2>papers back then. Soon we're going to talk about a

0:18:50.200 --> 0:18:54.160
<v Speaker 2>paper called the Owl, and I'm really into it. So

0:18:54.200 --> 0:18:57.600
<v Speaker 2>she worked for ten years for this place, and I

0:18:57.600 --> 0:19:00.320
<v Speaker 2>can't find too much information about that specific paper, which

0:19:00.359 --> 0:19:05.320
<v Speaker 2>makes me sad. But Charlotta Bass wasn't thriving in Providence.

0:19:06.000 --> 0:19:08.639
<v Speaker 2>It was cold and it was humid, and she had

0:19:08.680 --> 0:19:11.639
<v Speaker 2>asthma and arthritis, which is going to make her career

0:19:11.680 --> 0:19:15.199
<v Speaker 2>as a writer extra impressive, I must say, because not

0:19:15.320 --> 0:19:17.840
<v Speaker 2>a time of keyboards that are easy on the joints.

0:19:19.160 --> 0:19:21.760
<v Speaker 2>So she said, what if I go where it's warm

0:19:21.800 --> 0:19:24.800
<v Speaker 2>and dry? What if I moved to a city you

0:19:24.840 --> 0:19:28.679
<v Speaker 2>all might have ever heard of, Los Angeles, California, So

0:19:28.720 --> 0:19:30.760
<v Speaker 2>ify that one's for you, because I know you like

0:19:30.800 --> 0:19:32.000
<v Speaker 2>Los Angeles, California.

0:19:32.520 --> 0:19:37.280
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, born and raised baby, This is a whole story

0:19:37.320 --> 0:19:41.399
<v Speaker 1>about your city. It's literally the shortest section in the

0:19:41.480 --> 0:19:44.680
<v Speaker 1>script Los Angeles, the California section.

0:19:45.400 --> 0:19:47.359
<v Speaker 2>Oh, but I'm going to be talking about a whole

0:19:47.400 --> 0:19:49.960
<v Speaker 2>neighborhood that used to exist. I'm going to talk about

0:19:50.240 --> 0:19:53.160
<v Speaker 2>the red lining. I'm going to talk about the Highway ten,

0:19:53.480 --> 0:19:56.280
<v Speaker 2>which is a highway that I totally know. It is freeway.

0:19:56.359 --> 0:19:58.400
<v Speaker 2>It's the tenth one. It's the tenth Freeway.

0:19:58.760 --> 0:20:00.560
<v Speaker 1>We don't have highways. They're free with.

0:20:00.800 --> 0:20:03.919
<v Speaker 2>Okay, are you Caddy Corner or Kitty Corner?

0:20:04.119 --> 0:20:05.240
<v Speaker 1>I'm Kitty Corner.

0:20:05.880 --> 0:20:07.560
<v Speaker 2>What about you, Kristen? What's where you're at?

0:20:08.000 --> 0:20:10.920
<v Speaker 3>I'm Caddy Corner. I'm so sorry, I've got to leave

0:20:10.920 --> 0:20:12.840
<v Speaker 3>this zoom.

0:20:13.040 --> 0:20:16.560
<v Speaker 2>I think I'm Caddy Corner. No, I'm Kitty Corner. I

0:20:16.600 --> 0:20:18.919
<v Speaker 2>grew up on those maps. I grew up on the

0:20:18.920 --> 0:20:21.200
<v Speaker 2>one where we don't have a name for this. It's

0:20:21.200 --> 0:20:22.200
<v Speaker 2>what I grew up with.

0:20:23.480 --> 0:20:24.040
<v Speaker 3>It's okay.

0:20:24.160 --> 0:20:26.880
<v Speaker 1>I get outed as being from California and Oregon all

0:20:26.920 --> 0:20:30.200
<v Speaker 1>the time because in California we call freeways like it

0:20:30.200 --> 0:20:33.320
<v Speaker 1>would be like the five, Yeah, the four or five,

0:20:33.880 --> 0:20:36.880
<v Speaker 1>and they don't do that here, and they're like, it's

0:20:36.960 --> 0:20:42.399
<v Speaker 1>the I five and you get judged for being interesting.

0:20:43.119 --> 0:20:46.840
<v Speaker 2>I wrote a story where the characters go down I

0:20:47.040 --> 0:20:50.440
<v Speaker 2>five and I said, like, they went down the five,

0:20:50.520 --> 0:20:52.280
<v Speaker 2>or maybe I said went down the I five. And

0:20:52.359 --> 0:20:54.640
<v Speaker 2>my Oregon editor was like, we don't call that here,

0:20:55.080 --> 0:20:59.080
<v Speaker 2>and I'm like, I lived there for six years. I've

0:20:59.160 --> 0:21:02.680
<v Speaker 2>hitchhiked on that road. It's the only state where you're

0:21:02.720 --> 0:21:07.800
<v Speaker 2>allowed to. I feel as though I can call it this.

0:21:07.800 --> 0:21:09.400
<v Speaker 2>This is totally what people are listening to this far.

0:21:09.600 --> 0:21:16.480
<v Speaker 2>So Charlotta Bass moves to Los Angeles, California. This is

0:21:16.520 --> 0:21:19.800
<v Speaker 2>the very beginning of what's called the Great Migration, when

0:21:19.800 --> 0:21:22.119
<v Speaker 2>black people fled the South in incredible numbers. She's not

0:21:22.160 --> 0:21:25.879
<v Speaker 2>fleeing the South, she's leaving New England. But there's a

0:21:25.920 --> 0:21:29.439
<v Speaker 2>sort of internal diaspora to escape Jim Crow and to

0:21:29.480 --> 0:21:33.360
<v Speaker 2>seek out a better life either up north or out west.

0:21:33.560 --> 0:21:36.080
<v Speaker 2>And one of the reasons that it was good for

0:21:36.160 --> 0:21:38.399
<v Speaker 2>people out west one of the reasons among many, but

0:21:38.440 --> 0:21:42.560
<v Speaker 2>one of my little things that butterflied out was a

0:21:42.600 --> 0:21:50.200
<v Speaker 2>black newspaper from Los Angeles called The Owl. Yes later

0:21:50.359 --> 0:21:53.159
<v Speaker 2>it's going to be called the California Eagle. It has

0:21:53.200 --> 0:21:54.800
<v Speaker 2>gone by a bunch of names, and I have seen

0:21:54.840 --> 0:21:58.280
<v Speaker 2>it both called the owl, the California Owl, the eagle,

0:21:58.400 --> 0:21:59.679
<v Speaker 2>and the California Eagle.

0:22:00.080 --> 0:22:00.359
<v Speaker 3>Love that.

0:22:01.160 --> 0:22:04.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I believe it was called the owl and then

0:22:04.640 --> 0:22:07.000
<v Speaker 2>became the eagle, and then became the California Eagle, and

0:22:07.000 --> 0:22:08.879
<v Speaker 2>it was never the California Owl. But I don't know,

0:22:08.920 --> 0:22:11.680
<v Speaker 2>and I've read all four. But it's a sick name,

0:22:12.080 --> 0:22:14.159
<v Speaker 2>the owl. I get really sad when people have the

0:22:14.200 --> 0:22:15.920
<v Speaker 2>sick name and they change it to the normal name.

0:22:16.119 --> 0:22:18.800
<v Speaker 2>The Eagle's fine, not mad at the eagle rolls off

0:22:18.840 --> 0:22:19.880
<v Speaker 2>the tongue a little easier.

0:22:20.080 --> 0:22:21.480
<v Speaker 3>It's a little Republican coded.

0:22:21.480 --> 0:22:25.439
<v Speaker 1>I'm yeah, you're patriotic, exactly exactly.

0:22:24.880 --> 0:22:26.640
<v Speaker 2>CHRISTI yeah, totally.

0:22:27.119 --> 0:22:27.239
<v Speaker 3>Oh.

0:22:27.280 --> 0:22:30.840
<v Speaker 2>I wonder how much that has changed, whether like yeah,

0:22:30.920 --> 0:22:33.840
<v Speaker 2>who knows. Anyway, For the last fifty years of the

0:22:33.880 --> 0:22:36.080
<v Speaker 2>existence of this paper, which was around for twenty one

0:22:36.080 --> 0:22:38.440
<v Speaker 2>and a half confederacies, which is how I measure lengths

0:22:38.440 --> 0:22:41.320
<v Speaker 2>of time, for the last fifty years of this paper,

0:22:41.320 --> 0:22:43.560
<v Speaker 2>it was the California Eagle. So I'm gonna mostly call

0:22:43.600 --> 0:22:45.800
<v Speaker 2>it that, even though it's the least fun of the

0:22:45.800 --> 0:22:49.840
<v Speaker 2>three names. The Owl slash California Eagle was established in

0:22:49.920 --> 0:22:53.920
<v Speaker 2>eighteen seventy nine, and it lasted until nineteen sixty four,

0:22:54.240 --> 0:22:59.240
<v Speaker 2>eighty five years twenty one times the Confederacy. It was

0:22:59.280 --> 0:23:01.480
<v Speaker 2>started by a bl black man who'd moved from Texas

0:23:01.480 --> 0:23:04.240
<v Speaker 2>to Los Angeles, actually honestly a black kid who moved

0:23:04.240 --> 0:23:08.840
<v Speaker 2>from Texas to Los Angeles, John James Neimour, and it

0:23:08.880 --> 0:23:12.600
<v Speaker 2>became an important black voice in California. I don't know

0:23:12.640 --> 0:23:14.919
<v Speaker 2>as much about him as I would like, but he

0:23:14.960 --> 0:23:18.280
<v Speaker 2>was born in Texas to black farmers. That's what everything says.

0:23:19.040 --> 0:23:20.960
<v Speaker 2>If he was born in the early eighteen sixties. He

0:23:21.040 --> 0:23:23.240
<v Speaker 2>was not born to black farmers. He was born to

0:23:23.280 --> 0:23:27.159
<v Speaker 2>black enslaved farm workers. And people love leaving things like

0:23:27.200 --> 0:23:31.840
<v Speaker 2>that out of stories. And then somehow or another, he

0:23:31.880 --> 0:23:36.120
<v Speaker 2>got himself to California to start a groundbreaking newspaper when

0:23:36.119 --> 0:23:40.440
<v Speaker 2>he was sixteen or seventeen years old. Wow, I don't

0:23:40.440 --> 0:23:41.600
<v Speaker 2>know what the fuck you were doing when he was

0:23:41.640 --> 0:23:48.000
<v Speaker 2>sixteen not that. Yeah, totally wasting time. Yeah, this man

0:23:48.080 --> 0:23:51.200
<v Speaker 2>started his life project when he was sixteen or seventeen

0:23:51.280 --> 0:23:55.600
<v Speaker 2>years old. And I love these moments of outsized results

0:23:55.680 --> 0:23:59.280
<v Speaker 2>for small actions. I can't prove the cause and effect

0:23:59.320 --> 0:24:02.600
<v Speaker 2>specifically about the Great Migration in this but John James

0:24:02.680 --> 0:24:06.439
<v Speaker 2>Nimore started the OWL specifically to help people leaving the

0:24:06.520 --> 0:24:11.520
<v Speaker 2>South to find a new home in California. And since

0:24:11.560 --> 0:24:14.160
<v Speaker 2>the Great Migration was one of the most important demographic

0:24:14.200 --> 0:24:18.040
<v Speaker 2>shifts in US history, it's had this enormous impact on

0:24:18.200 --> 0:24:22.680
<v Speaker 2>US culture, and so on some level, the OWL helped

0:24:22.680 --> 0:24:26.200
<v Speaker 2>make that happen. Even though it started thirty years before

0:24:26.200 --> 0:24:29.040
<v Speaker 2>the Great Migration, it started making it easier for people

0:24:29.080 --> 0:24:31.439
<v Speaker 2>to come out to California. California ended up being I

0:24:31.440 --> 0:24:32.760
<v Speaker 2>read a bunch of different quotes and I didn't end

0:24:32.800 --> 0:24:34.040
<v Speaker 2>up putting any of them in my script, And I

0:24:34.040 --> 0:24:36.120
<v Speaker 2>don't know why. I read a bunch of different quotes

0:24:36.160 --> 0:24:39.240
<v Speaker 2>from different thinkers talking about like, look, California is the

0:24:39.440 --> 0:24:41.800
<v Speaker 2>nicest place to be black in the United States of America.

0:24:42.200 --> 0:24:44.000
<v Speaker 2>Is what people were saying at various points in like

0:24:44.040 --> 0:24:45.960
<v Speaker 2>the nineteen tens, nineteen twenties.

0:24:46.240 --> 0:24:50.560
<v Speaker 3>Like any specific reason, like why California Now.

0:24:51.080 --> 0:24:52.600
<v Speaker 2>I think that's why it ended up in the script,

0:24:52.600 --> 0:24:54.000
<v Speaker 2>as I was like, that was like one of those

0:24:54.040 --> 0:24:56.040
<v Speaker 2>things where I was like, I need to learn more

0:24:56.080 --> 0:25:01.160
<v Speaker 2>about that, and I didn't. But I assume Jim Crow

0:25:01.200 --> 0:25:03.600
<v Speaker 2>had the least reach. I assume kind of a like

0:25:03.920 --> 0:25:05.879
<v Speaker 2>a little bit of like the wild West vibe, but

0:25:06.000 --> 0:25:09.280
<v Speaker 2>like with cities, you know, I assume it's the kind

0:25:09.320 --> 0:25:13.600
<v Speaker 2>of the combination of those two factors, because the when

0:25:13.640 --> 0:25:15.680
<v Speaker 2>sometimes when you're on like the frontier, even though that's

0:25:15.680 --> 0:25:17.320
<v Speaker 2>like a land of a lot of racist shit, there's

0:25:17.359 --> 0:25:22.560
<v Speaker 2>also like more permissiveness for like breaking social boundaries, right, yes, yeah,

0:25:22.600 --> 0:25:25.320
<v Speaker 2>And I've read a lot of like, oh crap, it's

0:25:25.320 --> 0:25:27.400
<v Speaker 2>been years since I did this. There was a black

0:25:27.440 --> 0:25:31.560
<v Speaker 2>trans woman who ran a brothel and did a whole

0:25:31.600 --> 0:25:34.800
<v Speaker 2>bunch of crazy shit out in California and was like

0:25:34.840 --> 0:25:37.520
<v Speaker 2>doing all kinds of awesome stuff and I cannot remember

0:25:38.280 --> 0:25:40.000
<v Speaker 2>her name or what she did.

0:25:40.800 --> 0:25:43.400
<v Speaker 3>Ah crap, she sounds cool, magpie.

0:25:43.480 --> 0:25:46.919
<v Speaker 1>To be fair, you don't remember most people's names, and

0:25:47.000 --> 0:25:48.040
<v Speaker 1>that's fine.

0:25:48.520 --> 0:25:51.120
<v Speaker 2>That's true. I actually, if I spend enough time alone,

0:25:51.320 --> 0:25:54.960
<v Speaker 2>every living object that is not me is named Rintraw

0:25:55.040 --> 0:25:58.960
<v Speaker 2>after my dog. Yeah, by accident. So I'll like shoe

0:25:59.440 --> 0:26:01.240
<v Speaker 2>a spider out of my house and be like, get

0:26:01.240 --> 0:26:04.159
<v Speaker 2>out if you're intra and then I'm like, my friends

0:26:04.200 --> 0:26:06.560
<v Speaker 2>will come of anyway. I'm totally normal. But yeah, so

0:26:06.600 --> 0:26:09.639
<v Speaker 2>California was a place I am suspecting that would be

0:26:09.680 --> 0:26:13.359
<v Speaker 2>my guess this combination of like urban living is usually

0:26:13.440 --> 0:26:17.120
<v Speaker 2>much better for minorities, but also sometimes frontier societies are

0:26:17.200 --> 0:26:21.680
<v Speaker 2>also a place with more permissiveness of social mobility, which

0:26:21.720 --> 0:26:25.199
<v Speaker 2>plays really complicatedly into colonialism, right, because a lot of

0:26:25.240 --> 0:26:27.920
<v Speaker 2>the colonists, like for example, the Japanese colonists who came

0:26:27.960 --> 0:26:31.000
<v Speaker 2>over to Korea and were a horrible colonizing force in

0:26:31.040 --> 0:26:34.800
<v Speaker 2>Korea for many years, were the people who couldn't make

0:26:34.840 --> 0:26:37.239
<v Speaker 2>it in Japan, and so they were doing something like

0:26:37.760 --> 0:26:41.719
<v Speaker 2>edgy and cool by going and becoming colonial assholes in Korea.

0:26:41.880 --> 0:26:43.720
<v Speaker 2>And it's like the similar thing that Britain did and

0:26:43.760 --> 0:26:46.520
<v Speaker 2>the US did. It's just like a pattern, and so

0:26:46.560 --> 0:26:50.000
<v Speaker 2>the frontier is always like a complicated place. That's my

0:26:50.040 --> 0:26:53.440
<v Speaker 2>best guess. In eighteen eighty five, LA was only about

0:26:53.440 --> 0:26:56.760
<v Speaker 2>one percent black. The two largest minority groups were Chinese

0:26:56.760 --> 0:27:01.359
<v Speaker 2>and Japanese, and when people got there they could count

0:27:01.359 --> 0:27:03.960
<v Speaker 2>on the OWL to help them find out about housing

0:27:04.040 --> 0:27:07.879
<v Speaker 2>and jobs, and I believe it ran also articles specifically

0:27:07.880 --> 0:27:09.639
<v Speaker 2>about how to help people find their way in a

0:27:09.680 --> 0:27:13.119
<v Speaker 2>new city. I've also seen it described as a paper

0:27:13.119 --> 0:27:16.440
<v Speaker 2>that's specifically focused on telling positive stories about black people,

0:27:17.040 --> 0:27:21.119
<v Speaker 2>which rules because alongside honest descriptions of the problems of

0:27:21.160 --> 0:27:24.120
<v Speaker 2>the world. I think it's well, it's literally my podcast.

0:27:24.200 --> 0:27:27.160
<v Speaker 2>It's very important to hold up positive stories as well,

0:27:27.280 --> 0:27:29.959
<v Speaker 2>and it was a very short paper. It was a

0:27:30.000 --> 0:27:32.680
<v Speaker 2>four page tabloid. I am guessing it came out weekly,

0:27:32.720 --> 0:27:35.760
<v Speaker 2>but I could not tell you. Nimour was also involved

0:27:35.800 --> 0:27:38.160
<v Speaker 2>in the early years of the first Black Baptist church

0:27:38.400 --> 0:27:41.879
<v Speaker 2>anywhere in southern California, Second Baptist, which was found in

0:27:41.920 --> 0:27:45.520
<v Speaker 2>eighteen eighty five. I believe it's still around today, as

0:27:45.520 --> 0:27:47.080
<v Speaker 2>we've covered a lot in the show, but it's always

0:27:47.080 --> 0:27:50.760
<v Speaker 2>worth repeating for context. Black churches were crucial parts of

0:27:50.800 --> 0:27:54.320
<v Speaker 2>early Black liberation movements, and so helping getting this thing

0:27:54.359 --> 0:27:58.560
<v Speaker 2>going was another rather important accomplishment on his part. This

0:27:58.600 --> 0:28:02.640
<v Speaker 2>particular church, Second Baptist W. E. B. Du Bois, spoke there.

0:28:02.680 --> 0:28:04.080
<v Speaker 2>He's one of the people who had a quote about

0:28:04.080 --> 0:28:07.040
<v Speaker 2>California that I didn't write into the script. The minister's

0:28:07.080 --> 0:28:11.679
<v Speaker 2>son was the director of the La ANDAACP MLKA Junior

0:28:11.720 --> 0:28:14.480
<v Speaker 2>preached there in nineteen sixty eight, just three weeks before

0:28:14.520 --> 0:28:18.720
<v Speaker 2>he was murdered. But unfortunately for the world, Neimour's health

0:28:18.800 --> 0:28:22.480
<v Speaker 2>wasn't the best and he died young in nineteen twelve,

0:28:22.600 --> 0:28:25.760
<v Speaker 2>at fifty years old. People at the time seemed to

0:28:25.800 --> 0:28:28.560
<v Speaker 2>describe it as he worked himself to death. Here is

0:28:28.600 --> 0:28:31.879
<v Speaker 2>one of the problems with being a self starting journalist.

0:28:32.320 --> 0:28:34.320
<v Speaker 3>When you start your life's work at sixteen.

0:28:35.400 --> 0:28:36.640
<v Speaker 2>Well, it was like I always thought I was really

0:28:36.720 --> 0:28:38.800
<v Speaker 2>lazy as a kid, and it just turns out I

0:28:38.800 --> 0:28:41.080
<v Speaker 2>don't like working for other people, but as soon as

0:28:41.120 --> 0:28:44.960
<v Speaker 2>I'm in charge of my own thing, I will work

0:28:45.040 --> 0:28:48.400
<v Speaker 2>instead of anything that I should be doing for my health.

0:28:48.920 --> 0:28:52.800
<v Speaker 2>So Charlotta Bass had been working there for a year

0:28:52.920 --> 0:28:56.240
<v Speaker 2>or two at that point. She started by basically when

0:28:56.280 --> 0:28:58.760
<v Speaker 2>she first moved to California. I actually think she wasn't

0:28:58.760 --> 0:29:00.400
<v Speaker 2>trying to stay there. I think she was trying to

0:29:00.440 --> 0:29:03.080
<v Speaker 2>do that thing that like people used to do in

0:29:03.120 --> 0:29:04.960
<v Speaker 2>old timing days, where they're like, it's better for my

0:29:05.000 --> 0:29:06.680
<v Speaker 2>health to go to a nicer climate, and I'm going

0:29:06.760 --> 0:29:08.240
<v Speaker 2>to go there for a couple of years and recover

0:29:08.320 --> 0:29:10.880
<v Speaker 2>and then come back, you know. But she was like,

0:29:11.080 --> 0:29:13.080
<v Speaker 2>but I'm not a rich person doing that in Victoria

0:29:13.080 --> 0:29:15.840
<v Speaker 2>in England, so I need a job. And so she

0:29:15.920 --> 0:29:19.520
<v Speaker 2>started working at this newspaper, I believe, selling ads and

0:29:19.560 --> 0:29:22.959
<v Speaker 2>presumably subscriptions, and I think maybe became kind of editor

0:29:23.520 --> 0:29:27.440
<v Speaker 2>as Nymour got sick. I think it was mostly a

0:29:27.440 --> 0:29:29.360
<v Speaker 2>one man show before that, but I am not sure.

0:29:29.360 --> 0:29:35.240
<v Speaker 2>It's my inference. And on his deathbed, Nymore extracted a

0:29:35.320 --> 0:29:39.160
<v Speaker 2>promise from her to keep his paper alive. Just such

0:29:39.160 --> 0:29:43.640
<v Speaker 2>a dramatic scene to imagine, right, But the catch was

0:29:44.320 --> 0:29:47.360
<v Speaker 2>he didn't own his newspaper. She bought the paper at

0:29:47.400 --> 0:29:51.120
<v Speaker 2>auction for fifty dollars after his death. Niymour didn't own

0:29:51.160 --> 0:29:55.239
<v Speaker 2>the paper. A creepy white dude did no. And the

0:29:55.240 --> 0:29:58.640
<v Speaker 2>creepy white dude was like, oh, yeah, sure, you can

0:29:58.720 --> 0:30:01.480
<v Speaker 2>keep running the paper. You just have to fuck me.

0:30:02.800 --> 0:30:05.320
<v Speaker 2>And she was like, I am not going to fuck you.

0:30:05.840 --> 0:30:09.400
<v Speaker 2>So instead she went to a Again this is my

0:30:09.480 --> 0:30:13.040
<v Speaker 2>inference here, she went to crime and organized fifty dollars

0:30:13.040 --> 0:30:15.760
<v Speaker 2>from crime. From a second hand story, I believe she

0:30:15.760 --> 0:30:17.560
<v Speaker 2>went to a pawn shop and said, give me a

0:30:17.760 --> 0:30:21.880
<v Speaker 2>sketchy business loan, sketchy loan, shark, I would like to

0:30:21.880 --> 0:30:23.880
<v Speaker 2>buy this business and they were like, yeah, okay, here's

0:30:23.920 --> 0:30:27.880
<v Speaker 2>fifty bucks, which is about seventeen hundred dollars today, and

0:30:28.040 --> 0:30:30.120
<v Speaker 2>bought the paper at auction because the guy who owned

0:30:30.120 --> 0:30:32.040
<v Speaker 2>it didn't pulled on to it. He didn't give a

0:30:32.080 --> 0:30:34.880
<v Speaker 2>shit about it, right, he sold at auction. She bought it.

0:30:34.920 --> 0:30:37.840
<v Speaker 2>She didn't have to fuck him, And at thirty six

0:30:38.000 --> 0:30:41.280
<v Speaker 2>years old, she became the first black American woman to

0:30:41.360 --> 0:30:47.000
<v Speaker 2>own her own newspaper by like being like smart and fierce.

0:30:47.760 --> 0:30:50.480
<v Speaker 3>And that also says something like the extent to which

0:30:51.040 --> 0:30:54.720
<v Speaker 3>she is going to carry through this deathbed promise.

0:30:54.640 --> 0:31:00.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, she's amazing. Like at some point I think in

0:31:00.360 --> 0:31:03.640
<v Speaker 2>the next episode, I think she's going to drive off

0:31:03.720 --> 0:31:07.320
<v Speaker 2>eight members of the KKK with a handgun. Hell yeaes

0:31:08.000 --> 0:31:11.440
<v Speaker 2>And she buys this newspaper, and local black leaders I

0:31:11.480 --> 0:31:13.840
<v Speaker 2>assume these are all men, show up and are like,

0:31:14.760 --> 0:31:16.880
<v Speaker 2>you can't do this, and they think they'd be nice

0:31:16.920 --> 0:31:19.800
<v Speaker 2>to her. They're like, look, if a man works himself

0:31:19.840 --> 0:31:23.120
<v Speaker 2>to death trying to make this work, you shouldn't even try.

0:31:23.320 --> 0:31:26.800
<v Speaker 2>I mean for your own health and well being. That

0:31:26.880 --> 0:31:31.200
<v Speaker 2>clearly didn't stop her, But do you know what can

0:31:31.400 --> 0:31:37.560
<v Speaker 2>stop this story? For approximately four minutes? Good Lord, thank you? Yeah?

0:31:37.680 --> 0:31:39.400
<v Speaker 2>Is it less than that? I actually don't remember how

0:31:39.440 --> 0:31:42.680
<v Speaker 2>long the ads are. I really hope not two minutes.

0:31:42.720 --> 0:31:45.200
<v Speaker 2>I don't know. It's the ads they can stop the

0:31:45.240 --> 0:31:51.800
<v Speaker 2>flow of this podcast by are you talking? Andrew Beck?

0:31:52.520 --> 0:31:55.320
<v Speaker 2>So now she's trying to run a newspaper all by herself.

0:31:56.440 --> 0:31:58.880
<v Speaker 2>That is actually really hard to do. Do you ever

0:31:58.920 --> 0:32:01.880
<v Speaker 2>end up actually working in news after you majored in it? No,

0:32:02.920 --> 0:32:04.000
<v Speaker 2>I think this is very common.

0:32:05.280 --> 0:32:09.440
<v Speaker 3>I worked at the college newspaper and then yeah, that

0:32:09.640 --> 0:32:12.200
<v Speaker 3>was it. Yeah, and then I got into digital.

0:32:12.680 --> 0:32:15.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you're like one of the earlier on the scene podcasters.

0:32:15.920 --> 0:32:18.640
<v Speaker 3>Right, Yeah, I'm a thousand years old.

0:32:19.040 --> 0:32:21.560
<v Speaker 2>Sorry, I'm not trying to I think you're about my age.

0:32:21.560 --> 0:32:24.040
<v Speaker 2>I'm not trying to like put you on a spot anywhere.

0:32:24.840 --> 0:32:28.840
<v Speaker 3>And I don't know why I'm blushing. Yes, I've been

0:32:28.840 --> 0:32:32.760
<v Speaker 3>podcasting since two thousand and nine, which is too long.

0:32:33.000 --> 0:32:36.520
<v Speaker 2>I hope I make it that long too. I know

0:32:37.080 --> 0:32:41.240
<v Speaker 2>that I need help making podcasts. I ran a podcast

0:32:41.240 --> 0:32:43.760
<v Speaker 2>all by myself for a while and it sucked. And

0:32:43.800 --> 0:32:49.600
<v Speaker 2>that's why I'm glad Sophie is my producer. Hey, and

0:32:49.640 --> 0:32:52.200
<v Speaker 2>she was like, I need a Sophie. She was like,

0:32:52.320 --> 0:32:54.000
<v Speaker 2>I need someone to run the business side of this.

0:32:54.040 --> 0:32:55.520
<v Speaker 2>Even though she knows how to run the business side,

0:32:55.560 --> 0:32:57.000
<v Speaker 2>she just doesn't want to do it all by herself,

0:32:58.200 --> 0:33:01.480
<v Speaker 2>so she needs a managing editor, so by nineteen thirteen

0:33:02.120 --> 0:33:05.800
<v Speaker 2>she recruited a black newspaper man from Kansas with a

0:33:05.800 --> 0:33:07.360
<v Speaker 2>also kind of sick name. I think both of these

0:33:07.360 --> 0:33:11.800
<v Speaker 2>people have pretty sick names. Joseph Blackburn Bass. And he

0:33:12.040 --> 0:33:15.840
<v Speaker 2>ran the Topeka Plane Speaker, which is another sick name

0:33:15.880 --> 0:33:20.040
<v Speaker 2>for a newspaper, the plane Speaker. It's a double not

0:33:20.160 --> 0:33:23.240
<v Speaker 2>on toendre but it's a double meaning it's on the

0:33:23.280 --> 0:33:27.520
<v Speaker 2>planes and they're speaking in plain language. Brilliant, A plus

0:33:28.440 --> 0:33:31.000
<v Speaker 2>ten out of ten. He shows up, he leaves the

0:33:31.000 --> 0:33:35.000
<v Speaker 2>Plane Speaker and becomes her managing editor, and if you

0:33:35.000 --> 0:33:38.160
<v Speaker 2>can't tell by his last name, they soon get married.

0:33:39.200 --> 0:33:43.160
<v Speaker 2>And one of the reasons I like their relationship is

0:33:43.200 --> 0:33:45.440
<v Speaker 2>most of the time on this show, I cover some

0:33:45.600 --> 0:33:48.160
<v Speaker 2>man who did something really important, and then about three

0:33:48.200 --> 0:33:50.720
<v Speaker 2>quarters of the way through reading like this or that biography,

0:33:51.000 --> 0:33:54.000
<v Speaker 2>it's like, oh yeah, and he was like married, and

0:33:54.080 --> 0:33:55.760
<v Speaker 2>she did all the same stuff he did and did

0:33:55.800 --> 0:33:57.360
<v Speaker 2>literally as much work as he did, and we just

0:33:57.360 --> 0:33:58.880
<v Speaker 2>don't bother. I'm not even gonna put her name in

0:33:58.880 --> 0:34:00.920
<v Speaker 2>this book. Why would I give you that? You know,

0:34:01.720 --> 0:34:05.200
<v Speaker 2>this is a nice reversal of that, because he did

0:34:05.240 --> 0:34:07.600
<v Speaker 2>all of this shit too, and no one remembers him.

0:34:09.680 --> 0:34:12.200
<v Speaker 2>He was her co editor. They were like equals. They

0:34:12.280 --> 0:34:15.520
<v Speaker 2>ran it as a partnership. Everything I've read implies that

0:34:15.560 --> 0:34:17.560
<v Speaker 2>like she was kind of like, you know, like maybe

0:34:17.600 --> 0:34:19.640
<v Speaker 2>a little bit more of the like pants of the

0:34:19.680 --> 0:34:22.560
<v Speaker 2>family around it, right like m hmmhich is a weird,

0:34:22.600 --> 0:34:25.960
<v Speaker 2>horrible gendered phrase that I grew up with. But you know,

0:34:26.480 --> 0:34:28.520
<v Speaker 2>everything leaves him out in order to do the great

0:34:28.520 --> 0:34:29.680
<v Speaker 2>women of history theory.

0:34:31.880 --> 0:34:34.560
<v Speaker 3>Hey, she bought the paper, she got that sketchy loan,

0:34:34.600 --> 0:34:35.520
<v Speaker 3>and she got the paper.

0:34:35.680 --> 0:34:37.840
<v Speaker 2>I know she got it done. He showed up and

0:34:37.840 --> 0:34:40.920
<v Speaker 2>helped her do it. And you know he worked there

0:34:40.960 --> 0:34:43.000
<v Speaker 2>for twenty one years until he died in nineteen thirty four.

0:34:43.239 --> 0:34:45.120
<v Speaker 2>They were a power couple doing the hard work for

0:34:45.160 --> 0:34:47.319
<v Speaker 2>which she gets all the credit. And the thing I

0:34:47.400 --> 0:34:49.600
<v Speaker 2>like about it, I don't think he would have mind

0:34:49.640 --> 0:34:53.520
<v Speaker 2>it at all. No, Like I think I'm going to

0:34:53.600 --> 0:34:55.600
<v Speaker 2>have him as one of the great wife guys of

0:34:55.680 --> 0:34:59.200
<v Speaker 2>history who had no problem being overshadowed by his wife.

0:35:00.120 --> 0:35:04.200
<v Speaker 2>Under new ownership, the paper really found its voice. It

0:35:04.280 --> 0:35:07.000
<v Speaker 2>probably became the California Eagle. At this point it was

0:35:07.000 --> 0:35:10.200
<v Speaker 2>probably the Eagle already by that point. Ah, but if

0:35:10.200 --> 0:35:13.400
<v Speaker 2>it had been the California Owl, how history would have changed.

0:35:13.520 --> 0:35:15.560
<v Speaker 2>It never would have gone away. People would have been like,

0:35:15.560 --> 0:35:19.480
<v Speaker 2>that's such a sick title. It became a twenty page

0:35:19.560 --> 0:35:23.200
<v Speaker 2>weekly paper instead of a four page tabloid. And I

0:35:23.239 --> 0:35:26.520
<v Speaker 2>think for a long time she's writing the whole damn thing.

0:35:27.480 --> 0:35:32.840
<v Speaker 2>What I think. I know she's doing a lot of

0:35:32.880 --> 0:35:35.360
<v Speaker 2>the writing. I've seen it as the majority of the writing.

0:35:35.680 --> 0:35:38.720
<v Speaker 2>I don't know to what degree they're hiring people. Actually,

0:35:39.000 --> 0:35:40.920
<v Speaker 2>I do know by the nineteen twenties they had editors

0:35:40.960 --> 0:35:42.880
<v Speaker 2>and stuff working with them, so it's possible that by

0:35:42.920 --> 0:35:46.800
<v Speaker 2>the time they built up to this level they have employees.

0:35:47.480 --> 0:35:50.160
<v Speaker 2>And they take the paper very political. I think the

0:35:50.160 --> 0:35:52.719
<v Speaker 2>paper had always been political by simply existing, but she

0:35:52.840 --> 0:35:56.279
<v Speaker 2>became to focus it more on activist fight after activist fight,

0:35:57.800 --> 0:35:59.799
<v Speaker 2>one of the main things that they get credit for.

0:36:00.360 --> 0:36:02.000
<v Speaker 2>I thought, ask if you've ever seen but I haven't

0:36:02.000 --> 0:36:04.200
<v Speaker 2>actually seen it. You know, the film Birth of a

0:36:04.280 --> 0:36:05.680
<v Speaker 2>Nation from nineteen fifteen.

0:36:06.320 --> 0:36:08.160
<v Speaker 3>I do, and I have not seen it either.

0:36:08.920 --> 0:36:10.760
<v Speaker 2>I feel like I should hate watch it. At some point.

0:36:10.840 --> 0:36:12.600
<v Speaker 2>I just can't bring myself to do that to myself

0:36:12.640 --> 0:36:13.200
<v Speaker 2>with an evening.

0:36:13.480 --> 0:36:15.800
<v Speaker 3>You know, it seems really boring too. I don't know.

0:36:16.120 --> 0:36:19.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, it's true, like anything from nineteen fifteen is

0:36:19.360 --> 0:36:21.120
<v Speaker 2>going to be boring to watch now, but extra boring

0:36:21.120 --> 0:36:24.200
<v Speaker 2>if you're like, I just hate all these people. There

0:36:24.239 --> 0:36:25.920
<v Speaker 2>was a racist film called Birth of a Nation. It

0:36:25.960 --> 0:36:28.040
<v Speaker 2>came out nineteen fifteen. It is like literally one of

0:36:28.080 --> 0:36:31.359
<v Speaker 2>the masterpieces of just racist cinema that like went on

0:36:31.440 --> 0:36:34.879
<v Speaker 2>to inspire the Nazis and just is terrible. I have

0:36:34.920 --> 0:36:37.400
<v Speaker 2>nothing nice to say about it. It also is the

0:36:37.440 --> 0:36:41.520
<v Speaker 2>reason that KKK came back. And when it came out

0:36:41.520 --> 0:36:45.080
<v Speaker 2>in nineteen fifteen, the California Eagle was probably the first

0:36:45.160 --> 0:36:47.480
<v Speaker 2>paper to be, like, whoa the fuck y'all say this

0:36:47.560 --> 0:36:50.000
<v Speaker 2>terrible thing. It probably didn't phrase it that way. I

0:36:50.160 --> 0:36:52.480
<v Speaker 2>don't know how much they cust or didn't cuss. Most

0:36:52.480 --> 0:36:54.600
<v Speaker 2>people don't cuss when they write newspapers. This is why

0:36:54.640 --> 0:36:58.279
<v Speaker 2>I can't run a newspaper. And so black newspapers all

0:36:58.280 --> 0:37:02.520
<v Speaker 2>over the country started a campaign to get this movie

0:37:02.760 --> 0:37:05.840
<v Speaker 2>shut down and get it canceled out of various movie theaters,

0:37:06.320 --> 0:37:09.880
<v Speaker 2>and they did not entirely successfully, but a lot of

0:37:09.960 --> 0:37:12.960
<v Speaker 2>movie theaters canceled their showings and they limited the spread

0:37:13.000 --> 0:37:16.440
<v Speaker 2>of this propaganda, sometimes by people throwing bricks through windows

0:37:17.200 --> 0:37:19.160
<v Speaker 2>and responding to a movie you don't like by smashing

0:37:19.160 --> 0:37:21.640
<v Speaker 2>out the windows of the theater may seem extreme, but

0:37:21.760 --> 0:37:23.960
<v Speaker 2>this movie is, as I said, one of the greatest

0:37:24.000 --> 0:37:26.640
<v Speaker 2>pieces of white supremacist culture ever created. It's a celebration

0:37:26.719 --> 0:37:29.759
<v Speaker 2>of the original ku Klux Klan is directly responsible for

0:37:29.800 --> 0:37:32.920
<v Speaker 2>the rebirth of that organization, the second era of the KKK,

0:37:33.480 --> 0:37:36.400
<v Speaker 2>which is much larger than the original one and was

0:37:36.440 --> 0:37:40.120
<v Speaker 2>basically like a cultural institution and kind of a multi

0:37:40.160 --> 0:37:43.160
<v Speaker 2>level marketing scheme, which I learned about from Behind the Bastards.

0:37:43.680 --> 0:37:46.359
<v Speaker 2>Never heard of it, Sophy, I think you'd like it.

0:37:46.880 --> 0:37:49.279
<v Speaker 2>There's another podcast called Behind the Bastards. It's on the

0:37:49.280 --> 0:37:51.799
<v Speaker 2>same network, and they covered the KKK. It's like the

0:37:51.840 --> 0:37:54.239
<v Speaker 2>reverse of this show. It's like an uncool people did

0:37:54.360 --> 0:37:56.920
<v Speaker 2>uncool stuff, which is a ridiculous concept for a podcast,

0:37:56.960 --> 0:38:02.520
<v Speaker 2>but there you go, totally. And the Klan wasn't happy

0:38:03.520 --> 0:38:07.760
<v Speaker 2>about what she did. They hated this woman. They spent

0:38:07.960 --> 0:38:13.239
<v Speaker 2>years after her. In nineteen twenty five, she got a

0:38:13.239 --> 0:38:17.319
<v Speaker 2>hold of an internal memo of the California KKK that

0:38:17.440 --> 0:38:20.080
<v Speaker 2>had a plot to frame three black leaders for drinking

0:38:20.120 --> 0:38:22.759
<v Speaker 2>and driving. Like it was like, we're gonna sneak in

0:38:22.880 --> 0:38:25.439
<v Speaker 2>and put it at a half empty bottle of gin

0:38:25.560 --> 0:38:28.400
<v Speaker 2>in their car and then get them to crash, and

0:38:28.400 --> 0:38:32.280
<v Speaker 2>then everyone's gonna think black people are irresponsible and everyone's

0:38:32.280 --> 0:38:37.520
<v Speaker 2>gonna become racists and talk like this what dorks? Yeah,

0:38:38.080 --> 0:38:41.840
<v Speaker 2>and someone like the unspoken part of this, someone leaked

0:38:41.840 --> 0:38:42.480
<v Speaker 2>that shit to her.

0:38:42.520 --> 0:38:45.480
<v Speaker 3>I think, like someone from the KKK.

0:38:45.960 --> 0:38:49.840
<v Speaker 2>I don't know how she got the letter, right, I,

0:38:49.920 --> 0:38:51.719
<v Speaker 2>you know, unless she's going through their mail. I think

0:38:51.760 --> 0:38:52.560
<v Speaker 2>someone was like.

0:38:52.760 --> 0:38:55.600
<v Speaker 3>Maybe one of them was like this is such a

0:38:55.600 --> 0:38:56.319
<v Speaker 3>stupid plan.

0:38:56.600 --> 0:39:01.319
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, totally, it's just yeah, leak it. Yeah. So she

0:39:01.400 --> 0:39:03.640
<v Speaker 2>gets a hold of this internal memo from nineteen twenty

0:39:03.640 --> 0:39:07.319
<v Speaker 2>five and she publishes it in the newspaper, and it's

0:39:07.400 --> 0:39:09.319
<v Speaker 2>like this is what the KKK is trying to do.

0:39:09.560 --> 0:39:11.920
<v Speaker 2>And what's important to understand is that the KKK in

0:39:11.920 --> 0:39:16.759
<v Speaker 2>this point time, they're like legitimate, you like, you know,

0:39:16.800 --> 0:39:20.200
<v Speaker 2>it's like perfectly legal. It's not like it's not the

0:39:20.320 --> 0:39:23.040
<v Speaker 2>like later nineteen forties nineteen fifties where you're like hiding

0:39:23.120 --> 0:39:26.600
<v Speaker 2>your clan robes in the closet. This is like upstanding

0:39:26.640 --> 0:39:30.359
<v Speaker 2>business people. Right, this is like good old family whiteness

0:39:30.600 --> 0:39:32.800
<v Speaker 2>or whatever, as long as we all hate black people

0:39:32.880 --> 0:39:35.640
<v Speaker 2>and also other minorities, including Catholics for some odd reason.

0:39:36.080 --> 0:39:39.200
<v Speaker 2>Like and she's like, look at these pieces of shit

0:39:39.560 --> 0:39:44.279
<v Speaker 2>and publishes this. So the KKK sue her, the California

0:39:44.320 --> 0:39:48.840
<v Speaker 2>branch sue her from libel, and it was a criminal complaint.

0:39:48.920 --> 0:39:53.080
<v Speaker 2>She was facing a year in prison. She wrote, quote,

0:39:54.000 --> 0:39:57.520
<v Speaker 2>if to jail, we must go for publishing without malice

0:39:57.560 --> 0:40:01.520
<v Speaker 2>such propaganda as we, in common with all fair minded citizens,

0:40:01.560 --> 0:40:05.040
<v Speaker 2>believe prejudicial to good government. We go with a smile.

0:40:06.120 --> 0:40:09.920
<v Speaker 2>We go forward, unafraid, as we continue our steady march

0:40:10.040 --> 0:40:13.080
<v Speaker 2>for law and order, fighting every inch of the way

0:40:13.520 --> 0:40:17.279
<v Speaker 2>all things which retard our progress. So like, also she

0:40:17.320 --> 0:40:22.600
<v Speaker 2>could write I'm saying yeah, and she lost the case

0:40:22.800 --> 0:40:25.400
<v Speaker 2>in front of an all white court. I'm sorry, oh sorry,

0:40:25.480 --> 0:40:28.560
<v Speaker 2>the Klan. This is an important distinction. The clan is

0:40:28.600 --> 0:40:30.960
<v Speaker 2>a terrible reversal. They lost their case in front of

0:40:31.000 --> 0:40:35.440
<v Speaker 2>an all white court. Punkass because their argument was like,

0:40:35.880 --> 0:40:38.560
<v Speaker 2>we didn't write that, and they're like, yeah, you fucking

0:40:38.600 --> 0:40:43.920
<v Speaker 2>wrote that, and that's also that's not libel. Yeah, And

0:40:43.960 --> 0:40:47.160
<v Speaker 2>so the KKK they kept sending her threatening letters with

0:40:47.200 --> 0:40:49.600
<v Speaker 2>lots of nwords in them for some weird reason. They

0:40:49.600 --> 0:40:51.680
<v Speaker 2>didn't know they're not supposed to say that it's white people.

0:40:51.840 --> 0:40:54.600
<v Speaker 2>They like threatened her for years, and at one point

0:40:54.600 --> 0:40:56.360
<v Speaker 2>they like showed up and she like looks out, like

0:40:56.560 --> 0:40:58.279
<v Speaker 2>it's like a storefront kind of thing's got like full

0:40:58.280 --> 0:41:00.719
<v Speaker 2>play glass windows to the office. She like looks out

0:41:00.760 --> 0:41:03.759
<v Speaker 2>and there's like eight fucking clansmen outside, and so she's

0:41:03.800 --> 0:41:05.720
<v Speaker 2>just like, God, I got a gun around here somewhere,

0:41:06.160 --> 0:41:08.560
<v Speaker 2>like finds a gun. She does not shoot it. She

0:41:08.640 --> 0:41:11.120
<v Speaker 2>just pulls out a gun and like walks towards the window,

0:41:11.160 --> 0:41:13.359
<v Speaker 2>and they're like, oh, we're good, and they all leave.

0:41:14.200 --> 0:41:17.120
<v Speaker 3>She's probably on deadline. She has an entire paper to

0:41:17.200 --> 0:41:18.239
<v Speaker 3>write herself.

0:41:18.920 --> 0:41:22.120
<v Speaker 2>He's like like, please, and I have slept in two days.

0:41:23.080 --> 0:41:27.399
<v Speaker 2>I'm a fucking with you and I love okay. There's

0:41:27.440 --> 0:41:30.280
<v Speaker 2>a following back and forth that is quoted by La

0:41:30.280 --> 0:41:33.440
<v Speaker 2>mag And this is from a husband. This is a

0:41:33.520 --> 0:41:38.600
<v Speaker 2>marital conversation quote missus Bass, one of these days you're

0:41:38.640 --> 0:41:41.360
<v Speaker 2>going to get me killed. Her husband and co editor

0:41:41.440 --> 0:41:45.200
<v Speaker 2>Joseph Bass, would often say, mister Bass, it will be

0:41:45.239 --> 0:41:50.879
<v Speaker 2>in a good cause. She'd reply, he.

0:41:51.000 --> 0:41:52.279
<v Speaker 3>Is an epic wife guy.

0:41:52.640 --> 0:41:55.520
<v Speaker 2>You know, he's just like, ah, here we go again.

0:41:56.600 --> 0:41:57.680
<v Speaker 2>I married a badass.

0:41:58.640 --> 0:42:00.520
<v Speaker 3>Oh, I love her, but she was going to get

0:42:00.520 --> 0:42:03.640
<v Speaker 3>me killed. Yeah.

0:42:03.960 --> 0:42:07.239
<v Speaker 2>The paper also argued against segregation of the US military,

0:42:07.440 --> 0:42:10.200
<v Speaker 2>which famously they had to do twice during both World

0:42:10.200 --> 0:42:14.680
<v Speaker 2>Wars because, shamefully, even as the United States military was

0:42:14.719 --> 0:42:17.840
<v Speaker 2>invading Germany for being racist, they did so as racistly

0:42:17.880 --> 0:42:22.400
<v Speaker 2>as they could. By nineteen twenty five, they had a

0:42:22.440 --> 0:42:26.120
<v Speaker 2>circulation of sixty thousand, making it the most read black

0:42:26.160 --> 0:42:28.880
<v Speaker 2>paper in California. Here's a thing where I've read a

0:42:28.880 --> 0:42:32.600
<v Speaker 2>whole lot of different things in various directions. Later, the

0:42:32.760 --> 0:42:35.359
<v Speaker 2>circulation numbers near the end in the nineteen fifties are

0:42:35.400 --> 0:42:37.920
<v Speaker 2>going to be much lower than that. I've also read

0:42:37.920 --> 0:42:40.680
<v Speaker 2>that the Topeka Plain Dealer, the one that her husband left,

0:42:40.719 --> 0:42:43.120
<v Speaker 2>was the most read black newspaper west of the Mississippi,

0:42:43.480 --> 0:42:45.360
<v Speaker 2>but I am skeptical of it out selling the Eagle,

0:42:45.440 --> 0:42:48.000
<v Speaker 2>so that might have been before he left. I don't know.

0:42:49.040 --> 0:42:53.040
<v Speaker 2>She had a weekly column called on the Sidewalk, which

0:42:53.040 --> 0:42:55.160
<v Speaker 2>she used to talk about the need for civil rights,

0:42:55.600 --> 0:43:00.680
<v Speaker 2>not just for black Americans. She constantly spoke up for

0:43:01.040 --> 0:43:04.520
<v Speaker 2>like every ethnic minority in the United States. She talked

0:43:04.560 --> 0:43:07.400
<v Speaker 2>a lot about the Latino community. There was some stuff

0:43:07.400 --> 0:43:08.920
<v Speaker 2>that I eventually want to get into more when I

0:43:09.120 --> 0:43:10.799
<v Speaker 2>learn more about it, where there was like a big

0:43:10.880 --> 0:43:14.960
<v Speaker 2>roundup of like Mexican American teenage boys after a murderer,

0:43:15.000 --> 0:43:16.680
<v Speaker 2>and they were like all being blamed or whatever, like

0:43:16.760 --> 0:43:18.799
<v Speaker 2>hundreds of them or whatever the fuck, you know, So

0:43:18.840 --> 0:43:23.560
<v Speaker 2>she writes about that. She in World War Two, she

0:43:23.680 --> 0:43:26.640
<v Speaker 2>is one of the few people speaking out for an

0:43:26.680 --> 0:43:31.080
<v Speaker 2>end of the Japanese internment camps. And in nineteen thirty

0:43:31.600 --> 0:43:35.760
<v Speaker 2>The Eagle published their own editorial platform for everyone to see,

0:43:35.840 --> 0:43:39.000
<v Speaker 2>and I'm just going to read it. Good platform. Their

0:43:39.000 --> 0:43:42.359
<v Speaker 2>interests are quote the hiring of Negroes as a matter

0:43:42.400 --> 0:43:46.080
<v Speaker 2>of right rather than as a concession in those institutions

0:43:46.120 --> 0:43:50.080
<v Speaker 2>where their patronage creates a demand for labor. The increased

0:43:50.080 --> 0:43:53.680
<v Speaker 2>participation of Negroes and municipal, state, and national government. The

0:43:53.719 --> 0:43:57.440
<v Speaker 2>abolition of enforced segregation and all other artificial barriers to

0:43:57.480 --> 0:44:01.440
<v Speaker 2>the recognition of merit, the patronized of Negroes by Negroes

0:44:01.440 --> 0:44:05.000
<v Speaker 2>as a matter of principle, more rapid development of those

0:44:05.000 --> 0:44:08.640
<v Speaker 2>communities in which Negroes live by cooperation between citizens and

0:44:08.680 --> 0:44:13.040
<v Speaker 2>those who have business investments in such communities, and an

0:44:13.160 --> 0:44:16.400
<v Speaker 2>enthusiastic support for a greater degree of service at the

0:44:16.440 --> 0:44:20.680
<v Speaker 2>hands of all social, civic, charitable and religious organizations. And

0:44:20.719 --> 0:44:22.640
<v Speaker 2>so they're like, this is what we believe. If there's

0:44:22.680 --> 0:44:25.200
<v Speaker 2>a black business, if there's a business that relies on

0:44:25.239 --> 0:44:30.080
<v Speaker 2>black customers, it should hire black people, and that black people,

0:44:30.280 --> 0:44:34.520
<v Speaker 2>like we should be buying from stores that don't refuse

0:44:34.560 --> 0:44:39.360
<v Speaker 2>to sell whatever basic shit. And because of this radical stance,

0:44:39.880 --> 0:44:43.640
<v Speaker 2>she is going to spend thirty years being investigated by

0:44:43.640 --> 0:44:44.440
<v Speaker 2>the FBI.

0:44:45.000 --> 0:44:46.600
<v Speaker 3>For this platform.

0:44:47.000 --> 0:44:50.520
<v Speaker 2>The newspaper in its stances m h are what she's

0:44:50.520 --> 0:44:53.239
<v Speaker 2>going to be investigated for. But what's going to I'll

0:44:53.280 --> 0:44:55.040
<v Speaker 2>probably end up saying this again later in the script.

0:44:55.080 --> 0:44:58.120
<v Speaker 2>But one of the things that's neat funny bad Bad's

0:44:58.160 --> 0:45:01.040
<v Speaker 2>the word is that some of the FBI agents who

0:45:01.080 --> 0:45:04.200
<v Speaker 2>are like following her keep writing and being like, hey, boss,

0:45:05.000 --> 0:45:10.160
<v Speaker 2>she's not a communist. She says what she believes every

0:45:10.200 --> 0:45:14.000
<v Speaker 2>single week. We can read what she believes. This is

0:45:14.000 --> 0:45:17.239
<v Speaker 2>what she believes, And Jagger Hoover's like, not keep following her.

0:45:17.600 --> 0:45:21.440
<v Speaker 2>It's gonna slip. She's a communist. So it's like, this

0:45:21.560 --> 0:45:23.680
<v Speaker 2>is what she's after, right, She's very clear about it.

0:45:24.040 --> 0:45:27.600
<v Speaker 2>She doesn't have any problem with communists. That's also going

0:45:27.600 --> 0:45:30.600
<v Speaker 2>to come up because also in a real credit where

0:45:30.600 --> 0:45:34.520
<v Speaker 2>credit is due weigh whenever I'm talking about civil rights

0:45:34.520 --> 0:45:37.040
<v Speaker 2>in America before the civil rights movement, whenever we're talking

0:45:37.040 --> 0:45:41.319
<v Speaker 2>about like the nineteen twenties and thirties in particular, the

0:45:41.400 --> 0:45:44.160
<v Speaker 2>Communist Party is left out of the history because of

0:45:44.200 --> 0:45:47.200
<v Speaker 2>the red Scare right. The Communist Party was perhaps the

0:45:47.239 --> 0:45:50.959
<v Speaker 2>single most influential racially mixed organization fighting for black rights

0:45:50.960 --> 0:45:53.560
<v Speaker 2>in the nineteen twenties and nineteen thirties in the United States.

0:45:53.960 --> 0:45:56.040
<v Speaker 2>So a great deal of the people of all races

0:45:56.080 --> 0:45:57.840
<v Speaker 2>who are fighting for the same things as she was,

0:45:58.040 --> 0:46:02.560
<v Speaker 2>were committed card carrying communists. She just wasn't. And like

0:46:02.640 --> 0:46:05.080
<v Speaker 2>most of the media people we've covered on the show,

0:46:05.680 --> 0:46:09.920
<v Speaker 2>she was not afraid of new media. She started podcasting,

0:46:09.960 --> 0:46:14.600
<v Speaker 2>but on the radio, so backwards podcasting whatever they call that,

0:46:14.680 --> 0:46:17.600
<v Speaker 2>I don't know, whatever you call radio podcasting. She did

0:46:17.600 --> 0:46:20.399
<v Speaker 2>it six nights a week starting in nineteen thirty eight.

0:46:20.920 --> 0:46:23.719
<v Speaker 2>They ran a fifteen minute news show that they called

0:46:23.719 --> 0:46:27.800
<v Speaker 2>a newspaper of the air. Isn't it great?

0:46:28.120 --> 0:46:29.200
<v Speaker 3>It's kind of whimsical.

0:46:29.280 --> 0:46:32.760
<v Speaker 2>I love it, I know. And then by nineteen forty

0:46:32.840 --> 0:46:36.160
<v Speaker 2>they had the California Eagle Hour on Sundays on a

0:46:36.160 --> 0:46:40.560
<v Speaker 2>different radio station. It still Republican, even more Republicans. The

0:46:40.600 --> 0:46:42.799
<v Speaker 2>California Eagle Hour. You know, that's the where you want

0:46:42.800 --> 0:46:44.799
<v Speaker 2>to go to for news. What about the Owl Hour?

0:46:46.040 --> 0:46:47.280
<v Speaker 3>I'll take the Owl Hour?

0:46:47.640 --> 0:46:50.719
<v Speaker 2>What if it was our Owl Hour, like the one

0:46:50.800 --> 0:46:53.840
<v Speaker 2>that belongs to us, our Owl Hour?

0:46:54.680 --> 0:46:55.959
<v Speaker 3>Welcome to our Owl Hour.

0:46:56.400 --> 0:46:59.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's how they can figure out who's good and

0:47:00.280 --> 0:47:03.320
<v Speaker 2>at the radio podcasting. In order to do it is

0:47:03.360 --> 0:47:04.960
<v Speaker 2>that they can say all our.

0:47:06.760 --> 0:47:08.320
<v Speaker 3>It's gonna be my next podcast.

0:47:09.000 --> 0:47:16.160
<v Speaker 2>Hell yeah. But then she faced terrible repression, but she's

0:47:16.200 --> 0:47:18.719
<v Speaker 2>going to survive and fight back against and we're going

0:47:18.760 --> 0:47:23.480
<v Speaker 2>to talk about it on Wednesday. But first, one, if

0:47:23.480 --> 0:47:25.160
<v Speaker 2>you have any thoughts about this, I want to hear

0:47:25.160 --> 0:47:28.040
<v Speaker 2>them in Two, how can people hear more of what

0:47:28.120 --> 0:47:28.399
<v Speaker 2>you do?

0:47:28.800 --> 0:47:33.160
<v Speaker 3>Well? One, thank you for introducing me to this incredible

0:47:33.200 --> 0:47:35.680
<v Speaker 3>woman and her incredible unnamed husband.

0:47:36.200 --> 0:47:38.120
<v Speaker 2>I know I just say is yeah, but yeah, yeah,

0:47:38.120 --> 0:47:43.040
<v Speaker 2>oh you did. I've already forgotten blackburns in the middle anymore.

0:47:43.280 --> 0:47:45.319
<v Speaker 2>I don't even remember the first name. But okay, when

0:47:45.360 --> 0:47:47.759
<v Speaker 2>Blackburn's in your name, that's what I'm remembering. I can

0:47:47.800 --> 0:47:49.240
<v Speaker 2>only remember one name per person.

0:47:49.760 --> 0:47:52.560
<v Speaker 3>Incredible story. I can't wait to find out what happens next.

0:47:52.760 --> 0:47:58.040
<v Speaker 3>If people want to listen to my podcast, just look

0:47:58.120 --> 0:48:03.319
<v Speaker 3>for unladylike and can conspiracy. She wrote, Yeah, I just

0:48:03.360 --> 0:48:07.480
<v Speaker 3>talk a lot about like women and gender and trying

0:48:07.480 --> 0:48:11.120
<v Speaker 3>to make sense of this this kooky old world. The

0:48:11.160 --> 0:48:11.759
<v Speaker 3>front of the pod.

0:48:11.800 --> 0:48:15.880
<v Speaker 1>Bridget Todd has a new audiobook out and it is

0:48:15.920 --> 0:48:20.319
<v Speaker 1>called Love at First prompt AI in the Future of Intimacy.

0:48:20.480 --> 0:48:22.040
<v Speaker 2>And don't worry. It's not going to convince you to

0:48:22.120 --> 0:48:23.920
<v Speaker 2>run out and get an AI girlfriend.

0:48:25.040 --> 0:48:28.160
<v Speaker 1>No, No, this is trusted source friends.

0:48:28.200 --> 0:48:30.960
<v Speaker 3>If there's anyone I trust yeah to tell me about

0:48:30.960 --> 0:48:33.239
<v Speaker 3>AI girlfriends, I do need to listen to this. It

0:48:33.320 --> 0:48:34.360
<v Speaker 3>is Bridget for sure.

0:48:34.680 --> 0:48:36.799
<v Speaker 2>I kind of feel like it's like she's like the

0:48:36.840 --> 0:48:38.560
<v Speaker 2>only person I would trust with this story.

0:48:38.760 --> 0:48:38.920
<v Speaker 3>One.

0:48:40.320 --> 0:48:42.759
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, even the people I know and trust on the

0:48:42.880 --> 0:48:46.040
<v Speaker 2>like anti AI AI front, I like don't know if

0:48:46.040 --> 0:48:51.799
<v Speaker 2>I trust their like empathy around understanding complicated things, you know,

0:48:52.560 --> 0:48:58.480
<v Speaker 2>mm hmm. Anyway, Well, next, when this Wednesday, this very Wednesday,

0:48:58.520 --> 0:49:02.440
<v Speaker 2>talking about the rids and in the meantime, don't throw

0:49:02.480 --> 0:49:05.080
<v Speaker 2>each other under the bus, learn from history, stand up

0:49:05.080 --> 0:49:09.640
<v Speaker 2>against red scares, and take care of each other.

0:49:16.160 --> 0:49:17.280
<v Speaker 3>Cool People Who.

0:49:17.080 --> 0:49:19.640
<v Speaker 1>Did Cool Stuff is a production of cool Zone Media.

0:49:19.960 --> 0:49:22.800
<v Speaker 1>For more podcasts and cool Zone Media, visit our website

0:49:22.920 --> 0:49:25.879
<v Speaker 1>Goolzonemedia dot com, or check us out on the five

0:49:26.000 --> 0:49:28.680
<v Speaker 1>or radio app, hop a Podcasts, or wherever you get

0:49:28.719 --> 0:49:29.880
<v Speaker 1>your podcasts.