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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from house stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to stuff to Blow your Mind.

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Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb, I'm Christian, and I'm Joe McCormick,

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Speaker 1: and it's the day after Halloween here in the house

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works office. How is your Halloween, guys? Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I had a good one. I had to go hunting

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Speaker 1: for like an actual Halloween experience though, because I my

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Speaker 1: wife and I got dressed up and we took the

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Speaker 1: dogs out for a walk, and no one in like

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Speaker 1: a like a mile radius of our house was was

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Speaker 1: really celebrating Halloween. You're not saying hunting hunting, well, I

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Speaker 1: was hunt You don't seem like a hunt humans. That's

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Speaker 1: what you do on Halloween, right, for fine, but not

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Speaker 1: hunting them for fun, hunting them in hopes of food exactly.

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Speaker 1: And I prefer the ones that are in costumes because

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Speaker 1: they taste better. So we had to get in the

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Speaker 1: car and drive to a suburban neighborhood where there was

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Speaker 1: like full on Halloween going and it was great. Well, well,

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Speaker 1: we just went around in our roborhood. UM, my son,

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Speaker 1: his his friend, uh, their parents, and we all just

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Speaker 1: walked around at the trick or treating thing and there,

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Speaker 1: but there was one moment that was there was a

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Speaker 1: little bit legitimately creepy. I'll say that that kind of

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Speaker 1: goes in with our recent creepy Posta episode. So we

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Speaker 1: were finishing up, it was dark, uh you know, one

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Speaker 1: or two houses left, and there are a lot of

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Speaker 1: kids on this particular street that we're trick or treating

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Speaker 1: on and one of the kids turns around and he

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Speaker 1: points past me, behind my back and says says, he's

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Speaker 1: dressed as slender Man. And I look around and there's

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Speaker 1: clearly nobody dressed as slender Man. There's like nobody even

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Speaker 1: tall enough to be slender Man. And it's like left

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Speaker 1: me confused for a second, and I for a brief moment,

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Speaker 1: I considered, is he seeing something that only children can see?

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Speaker 1: His slender Man back there? And that's actually that would

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Speaker 1: make the Slenderman thing even creepier if it was only

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Speaker 1: children could see slender Man. But I wanted to question him.

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Speaker 1: I didn't get a chance. I was like, like, hey, hey, kid,

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Speaker 1: where is slender Man? Point to slender Man. Let's have

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Speaker 1: a discussion about this. What hey, Joe, what did you do?

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Speaker 1: I stayed home. Rachel and I stayed home. We gave

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Speaker 1: out some candy to trig Re treaters. We we reheated

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Speaker 1: some leftover chili. Kind of nice Halloween feast, and we

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Speaker 1: watched Toby Hooper's Salem's Lot in many series with all

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Speaker 1: of the haircuts horror. Yeah, the seventies haircuts unbelievable. That

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Speaker 1: movie scared the hell out of me when I first

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Speaker 1: saw it, but I was much younger. Yeah, it does

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Speaker 1: the scene with the little boy floating up against the window. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the vampires in it are really freaky. Yeah. I I

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Speaker 1: haven't seen it in forever, but I listened to a

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Speaker 1: lot of Halloween mixes yesterday and there was one in

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Speaker 1: particular that threw in some samples from the Salem's Lot movie,

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Speaker 1: the bit where the showdown between the Master and the priest,

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Speaker 1: Barlow and Callahan. Yeah, yeah, yeah, man, I would sample

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Speaker 1: the heck out of James Mason in that movie because

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Speaker 1: he is so smooth. I love how they invert the

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Speaker 1: classic monsters familiar, like in the Universal Dracula and well

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Speaker 1: all the traditional Draculas. You get the crazy familiar. You

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Speaker 1: get Renfield who's out of control, but he's also like

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Speaker 1: imprisoned and not very potent as a character. In this one,

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Speaker 1: you've got this smooth, suave James Mason and these fancy suits.

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Speaker 1: He's basically Captain Nemo outside of the submarine. Hey, I

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Speaker 1: got a question. Though, we're talking about Halloween and actually

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Speaker 1: October's over, guys, that means that we can't do Halloween

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Speaker 1: episodes for another year. That's a bummer, though, you know us,

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Speaker 1: if you're a regular listener, we kind of slip some

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Speaker 1: Halloween in all year long, and we'll we'll we'll sneak

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Speaker 1: it in, I'm sure. But of course we've been talking

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Speaker 1: about Halloween for a month and in doing that we

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Speaker 1: we managed to yet again let the Ignoble prizes slipped

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Speaker 1: past us. So we're gonna make up for that this

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Speaker 1: week and also provide maybe a kind of a palate cleanser.

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Speaker 1: I guess for anyone who wishes to move on from

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Speaker 1: Halloween episodes for a little bit, this will definitely be

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Speaker 1: like your silly science uh series of episodes. So let's

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Speaker 1: why don't we tell the audience Maybe some of them

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Speaker 1: haven't listened to our previous Ignoble episodes, but we generally

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Speaker 1: cover them every year. What are they Well, they have

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Speaker 1: been awarded since by the publication the Annals of Improbable Research.

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Speaker 1: The purpose of the award, according to the editors of

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Speaker 1: the publication, is to quote honor achievements that first make

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Speaker 1: people laugh, then make them think. And furthermore, they stress

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Speaker 1: that the ten prizes aren't necessarily meant to pass judgment

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Speaker 1: on the winners. Instead, the official website emphasizes that the

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Speaker 1: prizes quote celebrate the unusual, honor the imaginative, and spur

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Speaker 1: people's interest in science, medicine, and technology. And the principal

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Speaker 1: individual here and all of this is the editor of

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Speaker 1: the of the Anials and Probable Research, Mark Abrams. And

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Speaker 1: I would say that that goes along with our mission here,

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Speaker 1: and so these kind of work together nicely and that

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Speaker 1: like hopefully we give them a little bit of a boost.

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Speaker 1: They point out this bizarre research that we can take

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Speaker 1: a deeper look at, and we have more time on

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Speaker 1: the podcast than they have in their live ceremony to

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Speaker 1: actually like dive into the research here. Yeah, and I

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Speaker 1: think one of the big take homes about it. I mean,

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Speaker 1: obviously it is a it is a reference to the

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Speaker 1: Nobel Prizes, where where the like a Nobel Prize, and

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Speaker 1: chemistry or biology is a big deal, and it's usually

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Speaker 1: a study that is going to have a huge impact

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Speaker 1: with the Ignoble Prizes. I think it definitely highlights this

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Speaker 1: idea that we have touched on before, science as this

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Speaker 1: slime mold making its way through a maze or a labyrinth,

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Speaker 1: and and the slime mold of science as it explores

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Speaker 1: the world, it is going to explore everywhere. It is

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Speaker 1: going to look in every mundane pantry and closet, and

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Speaker 1: that is that's one of the things that the the Ignobel

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Speaker 1: Prize celebrate, some of these studies that we're going to discuss.

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Speaker 1: It's one of those areas where you can say, why

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Speaker 1: why did science need to look into that? Why why

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Speaker 1: did money and effort and and scientific rigor approach this

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Speaker 1: portion of the world. And the answer is, well, because

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Speaker 1: science must. Science must go in there. And in some

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Speaker 1: of these cases it actually turns out to be important,

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Speaker 1: like stuff that seems totally ludicrous, which I don't know

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Speaker 1: about you guys, but some of mine seemed totally ludicrous.

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Speaker 1: But yeah, and and in fact, like other episodes of

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Speaker 1: our show have built off of the entire premise of

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Speaker 1: Igno bells, like, for instance, our necrophilia episode. Uh, basically

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Speaker 1: we got the jumping point off of that from I

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Speaker 1: think it was like an Igno bell from like five

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Speaker 1: years ago maybe, yeah. Yeah, And and we were able

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Speaker 1: to find a whole ton of information. That's one of

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Speaker 1: my favorite episodes. Yeah. I remember after you guys had

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Speaker 1: first been talking about doing that, we were in this

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Speaker 1: long meeting and at the end of the meeting somebody

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Speaker 1: came over to talk to me about something and I

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Speaker 1: realized what was on my computer screen was all this

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Speaker 1: stuff about duck necrophilia. Yeah. Yeah, I hope they liked it.

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Speaker 1: And if you out there haven't listened to the episode,

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Speaker 1: you should because it's really really surprisingly not as grim

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Speaker 1: as you would think. I mean, it's grim, but it's

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Speaker 1: also like really educational, both in terms of the animal

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Speaker 1: kingdom but also psychology of human beings. Yeah. It demystifies

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Speaker 1: the topic, and I think I managed to do so

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Speaker 1: in a non exploited way. So what, And it's a

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Speaker 1: great way to get through a meeting, boring meeting, hit

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Speaker 1: up the duck necrophilia. So what can we do that

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Speaker 1: with today? Oh, we have a we have a host

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Speaker 1: of studies here to touch on. There are ten awards, right,

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Speaker 1: so this is gonna be part one of a multi

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Speaker 1: part episode. Correct, how many episodes? Who knows it might

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Speaker 1: be too, It might be three. Well, we'll see how

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Speaker 1: it goes. So the approach here, as in previous years,

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Speaker 1: is we divided these ten prizes up. We each took

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Speaker 1: three of them, and then there was one left over

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Speaker 1: and I ended up taking that one just because I

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Speaker 1: had one of my other papers turned out to be

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Speaker 1: a bit short. Okay, well, it looks like I'm up

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Speaker 1: to bat first. All right, what do you have for Joe? Well,

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Speaker 1: this would be the Physics Prize this year, which was

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Speaker 1: offered to Mark Antoine far Dan for use fluid dynamics.

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Speaker 1: You probe the question can a cat be both a

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Speaker 1: solid and a liquid? This is a real Shroggger's cat

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Speaker 1: slash not scenario, right, Okay, Yeah, I can see that

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Speaker 1: the cat's both a liquid and a solid until you

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Speaker 1: look at it. Okay, So it's for a paper called

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Speaker 1: on the rayology of Cats. So here's an experience I'm

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Speaker 1: sure you've all had. You're at a restaurant, you get

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Speaker 1: some French fries, you want to put some ketchup on

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Speaker 1: your plate. But the ketchup at your table is the

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Speaker 1: glass bottle. You know there may be trouble ahead. So

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Speaker 1: you turn it up, you unscrew the top, you shake, jiggle,

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Speaker 1: tap and all that, but you can't get the stuff

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Speaker 1: out of the bottle. It will not flow. You'll have

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Speaker 1: had this experience. Yeah, that's when you have to It's

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Speaker 1: probably not very polite, but you have to get the

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Speaker 1: butter knife. I always take a butter knife. Jam the

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Speaker 1: knife in, and you did, but then you'd end up

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Speaker 1: feeling like a real animal, which is always a shame

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Speaker 1: because I find that the glass bottle of ketchup, you

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Speaker 1: tend to encounter it at not the highest level of restaurant,

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Speaker 1: because that kind of place is going to have it's

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Speaker 1: gonna bring it out to you. And but it's also

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Speaker 1: not a super cheap restaurant because otherwise you would have packets,

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Speaker 1: or you would have a plastic squeeze bottle, or you

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Speaker 1: would have a pump and a little little cups that

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Speaker 1: you fill it up with. So it's a nice enough

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Speaker 1: restaurant that you feel awkward jabbing of a knife into

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Speaker 1: a bottle like an animal, you know, some restaurants take

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Speaker 1: those glass bottles and then just refill them at a restaurant.

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Speaker 1: For four years while I was in college, that was

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Speaker 1: part of the job, was refilling those much cheaper to

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Speaker 1: buy in bulk and then just pump it back into

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Speaker 1: But in that case, why wouldn't you use a scort bottle? Anyway,

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Speaker 1: So if if you have ever had this experience, and

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Speaker 1: you've ever wondered why won't the ketchup come out, your

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Speaker 1: interest in the subject of yology has been ignited. Reyology

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Speaker 1: is the study of how matter flows. So given your

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Speaker 1: experience with the ketchup bottles, you can probably guess that

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Speaker 1: this is a surprisingly complex field. A lot of variables

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Speaker 1: are going to go into how a substance flows under

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Speaker 1: various conditions. So you know that one glass catchup bottle

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Speaker 1: sort of cleanly evacuates onto your plate, maybe even faster

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Speaker 1: than you wanted to, and then the next one, same brand,

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Speaker 1: same content, same bottle, just will not budge until you

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Speaker 1: jam the knife in. So what makes the difference. There

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Speaker 1: are a lot of variables. Temperature is a big one.

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Speaker 1: You probably know this from cooking, right, You've got a

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Speaker 1: lot of sauces, soups, so they're edible fluids that are

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Speaker 1: very runny at a high temperature but almost solid at

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Speaker 1: a low temperature. And there are just tons of reology

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Speaker 1: characteristics that you can chart exactly how does a flowing

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Speaker 1: material react to different types of substrate materials, Like how

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Speaker 1: does it flow on glass versus on some other type

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Speaker 1: of material, or how does it like how far will

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Speaker 1: it bubble up off the lip of a container before

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Speaker 1: it overflows? There are all kinds of questions like that.

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Speaker 1: So the measurement of a material's ability to flow is

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Speaker 1: known as rheometry, And I think this paper technically qualifies

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Speaker 1: as a foray into rheometry because it's going to be

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Speaker 1: measuring cats and how how well cats flow out of

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Speaker 1: catchup bottles. Uh, not quite catchup bottles, but it gets

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Speaker 1: surprisingly close. Uh. So reology is actually kind of it's

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Speaker 1: one of those things that seems kind of dry at first,

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Speaker 1: but it's more interesting the more you think about it.

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Speaker 1: The Greek philosopher Heraclitis is famous for this insistence that

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Speaker 1: the fundamental nature of the universe is sort of constant change.

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Speaker 1: It's sort of like the static change, since everything is

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Speaker 1: always changing in a way, everything is always the same.

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Speaker 1: You've heard that quote that no man ever steps in

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Speaker 1: the same river twice. That's attributed to Heraclidas. But another

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Speaker 1: way of expressing this idea is the aphorism panta ray,

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Speaker 1: which is Greek for everything flows, like we all flow

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Speaker 1: down here will flow too, and uh and so everything changes,

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Speaker 1: nothing remains still and far. Dwand points out that the

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Speaker 1: field of reology is sort of along the same same

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Speaker 1: same lines as this idea by Heraclitus. States of matter

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Speaker 1: are not fixed features of the universe. They're expressed through

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Speaker 1: a matter of time. So eventually forces act on every

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Speaker 1: massive particles to make those particles deform or flow in

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Speaker 1: some way. Uh. Solid matter tends to deform over time.

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Speaker 1: Liquid or gas tends to flow. Gotcha. Okay, yeah, this

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Speaker 1: makes sense. So I'm thinking about like we recently talked about,

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Speaker 1: like these massive glaciers in uh small Bard, and that

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Speaker 1: some of these glaciers have different states inside of themselves,

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Speaker 1: so some of them are more liquid and more solid

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Speaker 1: than other states, and that causes them to move, the

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Speaker 1: entire glacier to move at different paces. This is somewhat related. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but that's a great example because on a long enough

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Speaker 1: time scale, glaciers do flow as well, even though they're

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Speaker 1: solid and you can walk on them if you want

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Speaker 1: to look over hundreds of years, they're sort of flowing.

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Speaker 1: Uh So, a major factor in how things flow or

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Speaker 1: resist flow is the state of matter at her. We

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Speaker 1: all remember this from you know, elementary school physics. But

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Speaker 1: by traditional definition, you've got solids, liquids, and gas. And

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Speaker 1: a solid is the state of matter which has both

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Speaker 1: a fixed volume it's not going to change in size,

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Speaker 1: and a fixed shape it's not going to change in shape.

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Speaker 1: Liquid is the state of matter that's got a fixed

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Speaker 1: volume but not a fixed shape, and instead it conforms

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Speaker 1: to the shape of whatever contains it. And then gas

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Speaker 1: doesn't have either one. It doesn't have a fixed shape

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Speaker 1: or a fixed volume, but expands to fill whatever container

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Speaker 1: it's in. Here's where the cat comes in. Now, being

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Speaker 1: an animal, I think you generally assume the cat is

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Speaker 1: more or less a solid, right, well, kind of complex.

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Speaker 1: It's a solid filled with liquids, that's true. Animals are

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Speaker 1: kind of bags of juice, right and then, but then cats,

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Speaker 1: I haven't read the study, but ever since I saw

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Speaker 1: the title, I keep looking at my cat and watching

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Speaker 1: her move and she does have like a very flowy

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Speaker 1: liquid movement to totally, but it's not I would say

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Speaker 1: it comes through less when the cat is moving around

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Speaker 1: and walking, and more when the cat is at rest

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Speaker 1: in various containers and substrates. So you guys are both

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Speaker 1: cat owners, haven't you seen the way a cat will

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Speaker 1: sometimes seem to puddle in the bathroom sink or pour

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Speaker 1: itself into a basket or box. Oh definitely the baskets

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Speaker 1: and box like that seems to be universal. Yeah, definitely.

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Speaker 1: My my female cat rowing is she she has an

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Speaker 1: ability to, like she's a little overweight, which she has

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Speaker 1: an ability to kind of just make her her mounds

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Speaker 1: of flesh kind of form around her in a liquid status. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean, I remember this. I've seen lots of cats

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Speaker 1: that love to just sort of not just get into

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Speaker 1: depressions and cavities in various types of containers, but seemed

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Speaker 1: to fill them perfectly to every edge like a liquid would.

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Speaker 1: So that inspired some people on the internet to make

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Speaker 1: posts like cats are liquids, and then far Dan is

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Speaker 1: basically like I saw a thing on the internet that

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Speaker 1: said cats are liquids, let's find out. So he essentially

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Speaker 1: takes a bunch of photos of cats and analyzes them

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Speaker 1: using the criteria of reology the same way you'd measure

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Speaker 1: I say, a massive ketchup or paint or mud to

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Speaker 1: understand the way it flows. A cat in a jar,

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Speaker 1: a cat spread across a lot of bars, a cat

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Speaker 1: in a basket, And what follows in the paper I

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Speaker 1: would say is mostly just a bunch of in jokes

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Speaker 1: for yologists, But I do think it's kind of interesting.

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Speaker 1: The results are obviously that cats can have some unique

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Speaker 1: reeological properties, combining apparent features of both solids and liquids.

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Speaker 1: But wouldn't that be true of basically any mammal Well,

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Speaker 1: I mean part fur. Yeah, I think the fur, the

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Speaker 1: fur and the sort of soft body is very crucial

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Speaker 1: for the cat because probably a little bit solid and

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Speaker 1: a little bit liquid. Oh yeah, like, well, my bodies liquid. Well,

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Speaker 1: I mean we are pretty much blood bags. But I

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Speaker 1: would say something about the shape of your body. So

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Speaker 1: imagine yourself trying to get into a sink or a

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Speaker 1: box or a basket and just fill it the way

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Speaker 1: a cat appears to like a liquid. It doesn't seem

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Speaker 1: quite as easy for you and me. Right, One of

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Speaker 1: the things about cats of course, is that they are

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Speaker 1: extremely flexible and uh and and then they have these

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Speaker 1: sort of various resting states that they'll go into, these

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Speaker 1: kind of uniform uh, you know, resting states. So there's

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Speaker 1: there's I like to think of it as you have

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Speaker 1: the bread uh shape where the cat you know, kind

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Speaker 1: of tucks its legs in and it it's kind of busy,

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Speaker 1: kind of cat bush cat loaf, Yeah, the cat or

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Speaker 1: a cat loaf, you could call it. There's also the

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Speaker 1: bagel in which they curl up, and then there's one

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Speaker 1: there's one I think most of them do this, but

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Speaker 1: my cat Mo, she definitely does this one where she

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Speaker 1: just kind of like lays like she's been hit by

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Speaker 1: a truck or something, you know, where it's just just

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Speaker 1: completely sprawled out. But all of these they do look

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Speaker 1: like different animals in these different shapes, and it's really

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Speaker 1: hard to nail down exactly what the shape of their

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Speaker 1: body is. Yeah, but my flesh isn't as loosely hanging

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Speaker 1: off of my body as it does in my cat's right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and cats you feel like you can just move it

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Speaker 1: all over the place, and the fur really helps. Also.

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Speaker 1: The fur gives the illusion that there's like a much

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Speaker 1: more body there than there actually is, and that part

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Speaker 1: of the body obviously can be deformed into almost any shape.

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Speaker 1: That's why when you give a cat of bath, it

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Speaker 1: is like one of the saddest things ever because they're miserable.

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Speaker 1: But also they lose this ability you're talking about, right,

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Speaker 1: So that's part of the thing. A shaved cat would

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Speaker 1: not appear to be a liquid in the same way

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Speaker 1: a very furry cat is. But I I think it's

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Speaker 1: it's pretty funny in the paper, Like a lot of

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Speaker 1: these are obviously a lot of these things, he says

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Speaker 1: in the paper are funnier if you are a reeologist

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Speaker 1: or you're familiar with all these concepts, but they're still

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Speaker 1: pretty funny even to an outsider. Like one is a

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Speaker 1: picture of a cat in a basket, and it's a

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Speaker 1: very small basket. So picture a large cat in like

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Speaker 1: a small French fry basket, and it's it's gathered up

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Speaker 1: into the basket, clearly filling it entirely, but puffing out

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Speaker 1: over the top and hanging over the sides. And he

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Speaker 1: analyzes this photo by saying, quote cat on a super

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Speaker 1: philadophobic substrate, showing a high contact angle. Another one, he's

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Speaker 1: got a jar turned on its side with the mouth

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Speaker 1: facing out, and there is a kitten pretty much completely

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Speaker 1: filling the jar, and he says, quote tilted jar experiment

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Speaker 1: showing the yield stress of a kitten. So the yield

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Speaker 1: stress would be like what kind of stress has to

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Speaker 1: be put on a mass of liquid before it flows

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Speaker 1: out of a container at a certain angle. So, for example,

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Speaker 1: the ketchup in the bottle, A lot of times the

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Speaker 1: ketchup will not come out of the bottle because you

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Speaker 1: have not adequately met its yield stress in whatever form

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Speaker 1: it takes in the bottle. Here we've got the kitten

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Speaker 1: will not pour out of this jar because it's yield

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Speaker 1: stress has not been met. So while this is funny, right,

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Speaker 1: and it's written to be funny, it also seems like

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Speaker 1: it's probably important because it illustrates the principles of reology

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Speaker 1: in a way that that basically backs up how well

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Speaker 1: they work. Yeah, I think that's a good point. I

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Speaker 1: would say that this paper seems to me to be

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Speaker 1: jokier than most of the other papers were looking at

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Speaker 1: this time, Like he actually does do some math in

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Speaker 1: the paper and actually applies the reheological principles does real analysis,

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Speaker 1: but it's mostly I think, just for the purpose of

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Speaker 1: being funny, especially to other reeologists. But I think it matters,

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Speaker 1: and he mentions in the paper some ways in which

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Speaker 1: it might matter. Like one thing is that cats are

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Speaker 1: unlike most other types of liquids you would measure the

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Speaker 1: flow of because they are self powered and self moving.

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Speaker 1: And there are some analogies here to other things that

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Speaker 1: you might actually want to study, like studying the flow

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Speaker 1: of self powered materials does matter in a lot of scenarios,

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Speaker 1: like studying the movement of large packs or flocks of animals,

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Speaker 1: or studying the flow of crowds of humans under various constraints.

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Speaker 1: And this is sort of me extrapolating, because I think

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Speaker 1: that would also come into some different kinds of fields

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Speaker 1: other than reyology. There's probably, you know, such a thing

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Speaker 1: as just studying crowd dynamics. But but hold on, I

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Speaker 1: got an idea of how this connects. Okay, So remember

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Speaker 1: that movie World War Z with the zombies like zombie

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Speaker 1: flow basically, yeah, exactly, like the zombies like came together

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Speaker 1: as like a hive mind and could like didn't. There's

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Speaker 1: even one point where like I think they turned into

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Speaker 1: a hand or something something dumb like that, Right, They

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Speaker 1: formed structures kind of like firing'st you're talking about the movie,

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Speaker 1: the movie, not the book at all. Yeah. Uh, well

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Speaker 1: they would climb walls by piling themselves up against the

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Speaker 1: wall and then scaling over. Yeah, exactly. And so you

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Speaker 1: could Let's say you were one of the c g

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Speaker 1: I operators on that film and you needed to figure

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Speaker 1: out how they would flow. You could probably use the

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00:20:46,119 --> 00:20:53,080
Speaker 1: principles of reyology applied based on something like on crowd dynamics. Yeah. Possibly, Well,

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Speaker 1: I mean I would say that crowd dynamics, studying the

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Speaker 1: flow of crowds and other self powered uh types of

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Speaker 1: flow could have real consequences, and say designing environments. For example,

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Speaker 1: crowd crush and trampling are real things that happen when

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Speaker 1: you get a bunch of people together in a place

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00:21:10,880 --> 00:21:13,960
Speaker 1: and they start flowing in a non optimal an entire

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00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:16,919
Speaker 1: brain stuff episode on the science of crowd crushing. And

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00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:20,520
Speaker 1: so I think maybe like understanding self directed flow of

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Speaker 1: bio materials, whether it's a single animal or lots of

406
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Speaker 1: animals acting as a pack, could help us better maybe

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Speaker 1: maybe better design public spaces to accommodate sudden human crowd

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Speaker 1: flow without leading to tragedies. So cases where say a

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Speaker 1: large group of people are screaming and flowing out of

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Speaker 1: a movie theater, and also cases where the blob is

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Speaker 1: flowing out of the same movie theater after them. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Both both of these would be opportunities for reology of

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Speaker 1: the blob would be a great paper. That's what this

414
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Speaker 1: guy should right next. I bet somebody has done that

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00:21:52,720 --> 00:21:54,320
Speaker 1: out there. I bet that's one of those things you

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Speaker 1: could find. But to your point about just raising awareness

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Speaker 1: of reality, I think that's a great acent point on

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Speaker 1: this show. I do not believe we have ever discussed

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Speaker 1: reeology before, and here we are discussing it. Well, I

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00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:09,560
Speaker 1: think we should commit now we should try to find

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00:22:09,560 --> 00:22:12,960
Speaker 1: at least one really truly interesting yology topic to cover

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Speaker 1: within the next year. Okay, yeah, maybe the blob. Alright,

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Speaker 1: we're gonna take a quick breaking. When we come back,

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Speaker 1: we will jump into another two thousand seventeen ignoble winning study. Alright,

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Speaker 1: we're back, Robert, what do you have for us? Alright,

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Speaker 1: so this one, this was actually the first one that

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00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:36,080
Speaker 1: I I snagged from from this year's offerings because it

428
00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:38,879
Speaker 1: is a paper that I have covered before. Kind of

429
00:22:38,920 --> 00:22:42,840
Speaker 1: ad nausea because there is a stuff to blow your

430
00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:46,200
Speaker 1: mind podcast episode. I believe that touches on this. There

431
00:22:46,240 --> 00:22:48,439
Speaker 1: was a video and I'm pretty sure I did a

432
00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:52,080
Speaker 1: blog post as well. Oh I remember this, Yeah, yeah, yeah.

433
00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:57,879
Speaker 1: The title of the paper is female penis, male vagina

434
00:22:58,040 --> 00:23:01,560
Speaker 1: and their correlated evolution in a have insect. And this

435
00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:05,359
Speaker 1: was a Current Biology paper paper from two thousand and fourteen.

436
00:23:05,640 --> 00:23:07,960
Speaker 1: I gotta say, first of all, for our listeners, there's

437
00:23:07,960 --> 00:23:11,440
Speaker 1: an image that's inserted here in our notes for Robert's referencing.

438
00:23:11,560 --> 00:23:15,000
Speaker 1: Insert is a good Yeah. It is very difficult to

439
00:23:15,040 --> 00:23:17,360
Speaker 1: tell what is happening here, but it is also very

440
00:23:17,480 --> 00:23:20,960
Speaker 1: easy to imagine what is happening here. It's just these

441
00:23:21,040 --> 00:23:25,480
Speaker 1: uh oregan like structures flowing into and out of each

442
00:23:25,480 --> 00:23:28,040
Speaker 1: other with a male and female symbol on them. It

443
00:23:28,119 --> 00:23:31,119
Speaker 1: looks somewhat insectile, or maybe there's just hair on everything.

444
00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:33,840
Speaker 1: I can't tell. Oh it is it is a cronenberg

445
00:23:33,920 --> 00:23:38,760
Speaker 1: Ee world. This image attempts u this with so basically

446
00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:42,919
Speaker 1: the reason that this the study was highlighted previously, the

447
00:23:42,920 --> 00:23:45,879
Speaker 1: reason it want to ignoble UH this year is because

448
00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:49,960
Speaker 1: it concerns sex the sex swapped world of cave bugs,

449
00:23:50,080 --> 00:23:53,800
Speaker 1: which I think we can all get behind. Um. So specifically,

450
00:23:53,800 --> 00:23:58,480
Speaker 1: we're talking about Brazilian cave insects of the neo Trogla genus.

451
00:23:59,040 --> 00:24:01,800
Speaker 1: We're talking four to sink distinct species here, and they

452
00:24:01,880 --> 00:24:05,000
Speaker 1: mark the first documented example of an animal with sex

453
00:24:05,119 --> 00:24:10,280
Speaker 1: reversed genitalia. So as this as detailed in the Cell

454
00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:14,320
Speaker 1: pressed journal Current Biology, the females quote insert an elaborate

455
00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:18,600
Speaker 1: penis like organ into the males much reduced vagina like

456
00:24:18,800 --> 00:24:23,200
Speaker 1: opening during forty to seventy hour long love making marathons.

457
00:24:23,720 --> 00:24:26,320
Speaker 1: So to clarify, would this mean that's the male still

458
00:24:26,440 --> 00:24:30,000
Speaker 1: makes sperm cells, correct, and the female still makes egg cells,

459
00:24:30,680 --> 00:24:34,440
Speaker 1: but they bring them into contact by the female inserting

460
00:24:34,480 --> 00:24:37,280
Speaker 1: an organ into the male to retrieve the sperm cells

461
00:24:37,359 --> 00:24:42,200
Speaker 1: from inside. Exactly. It's a different like formation essentially, but

462
00:24:42,320 --> 00:24:44,239
Speaker 1: it's but it's unique, is the thing, Like, there are

463
00:24:44,359 --> 00:24:47,960
Speaker 1: no other examples of of a a sex or gender

464
00:24:48,040 --> 00:24:51,200
Speaker 1: swapping like this robust right, yeah, and this is I

465
00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:54,680
Speaker 1: mean that's forty to seventy hours. I mean sting would

466
00:24:54,720 --> 00:24:58,320
Speaker 1: probably be embarrassed looking at us. Well, these cave bugs.

467
00:24:58,560 --> 00:25:02,280
Speaker 1: The thing is of that the sting is a lover.

468
00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:06,439
Speaker 1: And uh, I think love making is a bit anthropomorphic

469
00:25:06,560 --> 00:25:09,720
Speaker 1: when you're talking about h I kind of agree, yeah,

470
00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:12,679
Speaker 1: because the insect world is pretty brutal, and the love

471
00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:14,639
Speaker 1: making world of really the love making world of a

472
00:25:14,680 --> 00:25:17,480
Speaker 1: lot of organisms is fairly brutal. Uh. And is the

473
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:21,000
Speaker 1: I love how we've just landed on love making instead

474
00:25:21,040 --> 00:25:23,960
Speaker 1: of mating. I don't know, you know, it just sounds

475
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:28,720
Speaker 1: more romantic, right, I guess so? So um, But there's more,

476
00:25:29,400 --> 00:25:32,200
Speaker 1: There's there's more. There's some more brutal details here. As

477
00:25:32,240 --> 00:25:35,399
Speaker 1: the team of Brazilian and Japanese researchers discovered, the female

478
00:25:35,440 --> 00:25:38,200
Speaker 1: inserts her phaalic gynosome into the mail and then the

479
00:25:38,320 --> 00:25:42,680
Speaker 1: sex organ inflates, hooking a bevy of spines into the

480
00:25:42,800 --> 00:25:46,080
Speaker 1: male's body to anchor the two insects together. Now, this

481
00:25:46,200 --> 00:25:49,720
Speaker 1: is not the only organism with penis spines. No. In fact,

482
00:25:50,080 --> 00:25:55,040
Speaker 1: there there's evidence that human ancestors have had penis spines

483
00:25:55,080 --> 00:26:00,200
Speaker 1: and harmedid other hominids have had penis spines before. And

484
00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:03,520
Speaker 1: I believe there is some genetic data you can point to. Robert,

485
00:26:03,800 --> 00:26:05,800
Speaker 1: tell me a little more about penis spines. I think

486
00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:08,760
Speaker 1: I'm woefully under educated here, all right, So, yeah, it's

487
00:26:08,800 --> 00:26:11,920
Speaker 1: like basically like a cactus penis. I guess you could

488
00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:14,440
Speaker 1: describe it as a because basically there's sort of a

489
00:26:14,480 --> 00:26:18,040
Speaker 1: reproductive arms race in many organisms, and this is where

490
00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:22,400
Speaker 1: spines may serve to stimulate or anchor, uh, the organism

491
00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:25,359
Speaker 1: into place, and or it may serve in sexual conflict.

492
00:26:25,480 --> 00:26:27,560
Speaker 1: Now I think you're probably out there thinking, like, what,

493
00:26:27,800 --> 00:26:31,560
Speaker 1: so some insects have penis spines. That's it, right, No,

494
00:26:31,680 --> 00:26:34,760
Speaker 1: I mean like mammals have penis spines, like cats have

495
00:26:34,920 --> 00:26:39,119
Speaker 1: pens have like penis spines. Kind of right. Yeah, humans

496
00:26:39,240 --> 00:26:41,639
Speaker 1: should wake up every day and just be thankful that,

497
00:26:41,920 --> 00:26:43,399
Speaker 1: you know, for a number of things, But one of

498
00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:45,160
Speaker 1: the things on the list should be that we don't

499
00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:49,639
Speaker 1: have to contend with penis spines um in this case

500
00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:53,720
Speaker 1: of the the cave insect. Of the researchers think that

501
00:26:53,840 --> 00:26:56,680
Speaker 1: it may have other functions aside from just anchoring it

502
00:26:56,720 --> 00:26:59,360
Speaker 1: into place. It might have a role in genital stimulation

503
00:26:59,840 --> 00:27:02,800
Speaker 1: or or in or quote, in inflicting harm. So it's

504
00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:05,639
Speaker 1: it's kind of hard to figure out that it's like

505
00:27:05,880 --> 00:27:08,119
Speaker 1: the brundle fly told us. So there's no such thing

506
00:27:08,200 --> 00:27:12,280
Speaker 1: as insect politics. It's all it. And so wait a minute,

507
00:27:12,320 --> 00:27:14,119
Speaker 1: that like this could be a sex organ or a

508
00:27:14,240 --> 00:27:17,600
Speaker 1: defensive or offensive weapon, well only in so far as

509
00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:22,040
Speaker 1: it plays into the the the war, the continual battle

510
00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:25,240
Speaker 1: of sexual reproduction. Yeah, when whenever I've read about this

511
00:27:25,359 --> 00:27:30,000
Speaker 1: in the past, it's been a biological, uh, survival mechanism,

512
00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:33,359
Speaker 1: I guess. And it's this is horrible from an ethical

513
00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:36,440
Speaker 1: standpoint of humans, right, But the idea is that the

514
00:27:36,920 --> 00:27:40,840
Speaker 1: one without the penis barbs can't get away if they

515
00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:43,080
Speaker 1: do not want to mate with the one with the

516
00:27:43,160 --> 00:27:47,840
Speaker 1: penis barbs. Once the barbs are attached, they're kind of stuck, right,

517
00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:50,600
Speaker 1: So I think that's what you mean by the inflicting harm,

518
00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:53,719
Speaker 1: right that it's it's sort of along the lines of, uh,

519
00:27:54,560 --> 00:27:56,800
Speaker 1: if those are human beings, we would be referring to

520
00:27:56,880 --> 00:28:00,720
Speaker 1: this as like a masochistic act. Now, the the gynosome

521
00:28:00,760 --> 00:28:03,480
Speaker 1: in this case, it again, it does not deposit material

522
00:28:04,160 --> 00:28:07,240
Speaker 1: like a male penis. There's no semen coming out of it,

523
00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:11,840
Speaker 1: there's no sperm deposit. Instead, this gynosome it receives sperm

524
00:28:12,480 --> 00:28:15,240
Speaker 1: as well as capsules of nourishment, sort of a gift

525
00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:17,800
Speaker 1: or a bribe to encourage lots of mating. That we

526
00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:21,320
Speaker 1: see this in a number of different um insects, typically

527
00:28:21,440 --> 00:28:23,879
Speaker 1: the spiders too, like they are the spiders that create

528
00:28:23,960 --> 00:28:27,560
Speaker 1: a wrapped up gifts. The males bring them to the

529
00:28:27,600 --> 00:28:30,359
Speaker 1: females to encourage mating, though sometimes they bring them something

530
00:28:30,440 --> 00:28:33,920
Speaker 1: empty to trick them. So this is essentially like an

531
00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:40,080
Speaker 1: inverted vagina dentata, you can think of it that way. Yeah,

532
00:28:40,240 --> 00:28:43,239
Speaker 1: so the would it be inverted, would it be an

533
00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:48,000
Speaker 1: extroverted vagina dentata? Maybe that's yeah, that's probably the correct terminology.

534
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:51,200
Speaker 1: It's probably not, by the way. Also, vegina dentata is

535
00:28:51,280 --> 00:28:53,440
Speaker 1: something that we've covered on the show separately, that that

536
00:28:53,680 --> 00:28:56,240
Speaker 1: that that was a joke that's not actual like biology.

537
00:28:56,480 --> 00:28:58,800
Speaker 1: I guess that you would say it's kind of aversion

538
00:28:59,080 --> 00:29:02,960
Speaker 1: I believe diverted. Yeah, it was like turning the turning

539
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:05,360
Speaker 1: out of a pocket, and yeah, that's exactly what I

540
00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:08,760
Speaker 1: was thinking of. Yeah, yeah, it's it's it's very complicated

541
00:29:08,800 --> 00:29:13,040
Speaker 1: to try and sort of fit the the tetris equation

542
00:29:13,160 --> 00:29:17,680
Speaker 1: here in one's mind, genital tetris. Now that that act

543
00:29:17,720 --> 00:29:19,960
Speaker 1: of gift giving that we're talking about the nourishment. The

544
00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:22,680
Speaker 1: researchers have argued here that this is likely what drove

545
00:29:22,760 --> 00:29:25,760
Speaker 1: the evolutionary development of the female penis. The dinosame here

546
00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:30,959
Speaker 1: to begin with, again getting into this phallic arms race. Now,

547
00:29:31,520 --> 00:29:34,840
Speaker 1: why is it funny? I think that's pretty obvious because

548
00:29:34,920 --> 00:29:37,160
Speaker 1: it is a study that involves sex and the idea

549
00:29:37,200 --> 00:29:41,240
Speaker 1: of a female organism penetrating a male organism. So sex

550
00:29:41,320 --> 00:29:45,680
Speaker 1: t Yes, basically, that's that's it. It's it's beenign violation.

551
00:29:46,520 --> 00:29:48,200
Speaker 1: Well yeah, as long as you're not one of the

552
00:29:48,560 --> 00:29:51,520
Speaker 1: male cave fugs, right yeah, but but yeah, it's it's

553
00:29:51,560 --> 00:29:56,240
Speaker 1: basically just a a funny sex headline, right, but it

554
00:29:56,400 --> 00:29:58,960
Speaker 1: is still important. It's u it's I think it's such

555
00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:01,640
Speaker 1: a startling rever hursal of everything we've come to expect

556
00:30:01,680 --> 00:30:04,720
Speaker 1: from sexual reproduction. And as their researchers point out, the

557
00:30:04,840 --> 00:30:09,440
Speaker 1: reversal here is in the quote rapid evolution and diversification

558
00:30:09,680 --> 00:30:13,480
Speaker 1: unquote of genitalia. So male genitalia is usually the one

559
00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:20,640
Speaker 1: to develop quote coercive adaptations, while female genitalia remains relatively simple. Plus,

560
00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:24,520
Speaker 1: it's the females doing the competition here for males and

561
00:30:24,640 --> 00:30:28,520
Speaker 1: their seminal gifts. So the biological reversal results in a

562
00:30:28,680 --> 00:30:33,520
Speaker 1: very robust behavioral reversal. So perhaps with this particular species,

563
00:30:33,600 --> 00:30:37,280
Speaker 1: there's more females than males, or there's some kind of

564
00:30:37,400 --> 00:30:39,960
Speaker 1: a I don't know if sociological is the right term,

565
00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:41,840
Speaker 1: but there's a there's a set up in which like

566
00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:44,440
Speaker 1: they have to compete for the the attention of the

567
00:30:44,680 --> 00:30:46,800
Speaker 1: males in order to reproduce. Well, it sounds like the

568
00:30:46,880 --> 00:30:51,280
Speaker 1: females would be the ones doing the courtship activities. Yeah,

569
00:30:51,680 --> 00:30:53,920
Speaker 1: and it's it's interesting to to look at that. It's

570
00:30:53,920 --> 00:30:55,960
Speaker 1: like to say that the biological reversal and then that

571
00:30:56,200 --> 00:30:59,760
Speaker 1: reverses the behavior as well. Uh. I really like this

572
00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:02,760
Speaker 1: because I think flipping things around like this, it shows

573
00:31:02,840 --> 00:31:06,080
Speaker 1: us that sexual reproduction is all about just the combination

574
00:31:06,120 --> 00:31:09,000
Speaker 1: of these two things and the form those things take,

575
00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:11,920
Speaker 1: and all the behavior and culture associated with it is

576
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:15,840
Speaker 1: merely a product of natural selection. Yeah. Yeah, that's interesting

577
00:31:16,240 --> 00:31:18,520
Speaker 1: and it makes me sort of think, like where's it

578
00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:21,600
Speaker 1: going as well, not just with insects, but with like

579
00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:24,160
Speaker 1: all species. You know, although for the most part, I

580
00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:26,880
Speaker 1: mean for the last like millions some odd years, most

581
00:31:26,920 --> 00:31:29,680
Speaker 1: of our species have stayed the same reproductive wise, but

582
00:31:30,200 --> 00:31:32,320
Speaker 1: things can change well, and it especially when we start

583
00:31:32,400 --> 00:31:34,440
Speaker 1: changing ourselves. It's also one of those studies that just

584
00:31:34,560 --> 00:31:36,959
Speaker 1: raises the possibility like what if what if things had

585
00:31:36,960 --> 00:31:38,720
Speaker 1: gone the other way? What if we were in a

586
00:31:38,800 --> 00:31:44,960
Speaker 1: world where the vast majority almost all organisms that engage

587
00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:49,640
Speaker 1: in sexual reproduction entailed at the female penetration of the

588
00:31:49,720 --> 00:31:52,760
Speaker 1: male and uh and we were looking at a weird

589
00:31:52,880 --> 00:31:57,400
Speaker 1: cave bug that did the opposite, right, Yeah, yeah, exactly. Yeah,

590
00:31:57,760 --> 00:32:01,040
Speaker 1: it does put it all into perspective. Yeah, alright, we're

591
00:32:01,080 --> 00:32:02,960
Speaker 1: gonna take a quick break and we come back. We

592
00:32:03,120 --> 00:32:05,600
Speaker 1: have one more study here for you from the two

593
00:32:05,640 --> 00:32:10,240
Speaker 1: thousand seventeen Igno Bells. Thank you, Thank alright, we're back.

594
00:32:10,920 --> 00:32:15,360
Speaker 1: So I'm gonna take us from inverted genitals to an

595
00:32:15,560 --> 00:32:18,080
Speaker 1: entirely different place. This is the Peace Prize for the

596
00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:22,520
Speaker 1: Igno Bells this year. Uh and it revolves around the

597
00:32:22,680 --> 00:32:26,880
Speaker 1: Dijury Do you guys familiar with the dijury do? Oh? Yes? Yeah,

598
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:31,000
Speaker 1: I'm actually can our producer Alex insert the sound of

599
00:32:31,080 --> 00:32:33,760
Speaker 1: a Dijury do in here so that our audience kind

600
00:32:33,760 --> 00:32:40,760
Speaker 1: of gets an idea of what we're talking about. No, wait,

601
00:32:40,840 --> 00:32:52,920
Speaker 1: that was a digury don't. Here we go, and if

602
00:32:52,960 --> 00:32:55,920
Speaker 1: nothing else, I think everybody should recognize that sound from

603
00:32:56,160 --> 00:33:00,760
Speaker 1: any like Australian exploitation film or something mystical. Now, was

604
00:33:00,760 --> 00:33:03,400
Speaker 1: there a bunch of digury do and howling three the marsupials?

605
00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:05,280
Speaker 1: I feel like there was. I mean, if there wasn't

606
00:33:05,320 --> 00:33:07,880
Speaker 1: it was that was a colossal failure on their part. Well,

607
00:33:07,960 --> 00:33:12,400
Speaker 1: if there was, those marsupials would sleep better than most people.

608
00:33:12,560 --> 00:33:15,520
Speaker 1: No way. Yeah, we've got some facts here. Folks did

609
00:33:15,640 --> 00:33:20,000
Speaker 1: red playing as alternative treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

610
00:33:20,480 --> 00:33:23,240
Speaker 1: in a randomized control trial. That is the paper that

611
00:33:23,320 --> 00:33:26,160
Speaker 1: I'm talking to you about today. The essential idea here

612
00:33:26,280 --> 00:33:29,280
Speaker 1: is they demonstrated that regular playing of the dig Rey

613
00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:33,760
Speaker 1: Do is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea and snoring.

614
00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:38,000
Speaker 1: So do either you guys snore? Do you have sleep apnea?

615
00:33:38,240 --> 00:33:40,760
Speaker 1: I don't have apnea. My dad does, but I snore

616
00:33:40,840 --> 00:33:43,560
Speaker 1: a decent amount I have. I have relatives who have

617
00:33:44,160 --> 00:33:46,360
Speaker 1: snoring issues. But yeah, I don't have it myself. So

618
00:33:46,440 --> 00:33:48,800
Speaker 1: have you ever thought to yourself, like, what if I

619
00:33:48,840 --> 00:33:50,680
Speaker 1: just played the Digrey Do a little bit more? Would

620
00:33:50,680 --> 00:33:53,800
Speaker 1: that make it better? Science says yes. So this is

621
00:33:53,840 --> 00:33:56,520
Speaker 1: the the play that like you're playing the DIGITALI do

622
00:33:56,720 --> 00:33:58,640
Speaker 1: music to settle down for the evening. Are you listening

623
00:33:58,680 --> 00:34:00,560
Speaker 1: to it or you just have having it in your life.

624
00:34:00,640 --> 00:34:02,080
Speaker 1: It doesn't even have to be right before you go

625
00:34:02,160 --> 00:34:06,040
Speaker 1: to bed. Explain Okay, So these researchers, they took twenty

626
00:34:06,120 --> 00:34:10,800
Speaker 1: five patients who had apnea or hypopnia in an index

627
00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:15,040
Speaker 1: between fifteen and thirty. That's you know, a measurement system

628
00:34:15,080 --> 00:34:18,719
Speaker 1: that they use for like how bad these conditions can get. Uh,

629
00:34:18,840 --> 00:34:22,719
Speaker 1: And they had them do did red lessons for four

630
00:34:22,840 --> 00:34:25,920
Speaker 1: months and the participants played did you red for about

631
00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:28,640
Speaker 1: six days a week for about twenty five point three

632
00:34:28,719 --> 00:34:32,320
Speaker 1: minutes a day, and it's significantly improved both there and

633
00:34:32,360 --> 00:34:36,040
Speaker 1: their partners. Sleep disturbances. Now we might wonder, like what's

634
00:34:36,200 --> 00:34:39,120
Speaker 1: the biological function here, like what is going on? Well, okay,

635
00:34:39,480 --> 00:34:42,320
Speaker 1: sleep disorders of this type, they're caused by the collapse

636
00:34:42,360 --> 00:34:45,520
Speaker 1: of the upper airway. So the most effective intervention is

637
00:34:45,640 --> 00:34:49,560
Speaker 1: usually what's called positive airway pressure therapy. So that's like

638
00:34:49,640 --> 00:34:51,400
Speaker 1: when you see people who have the masks, they go

639
00:34:51,520 --> 00:34:54,960
Speaker 1: to sleep with positive pressure. Yeah. To be honest, like

640
00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:57,239
Speaker 1: when I have sinus problems, what I end up doing

641
00:34:57,360 --> 00:35:00,759
Speaker 1: is just pushing on my my sinuses round my nose.

642
00:35:00,880 --> 00:35:03,320
Speaker 1: I think it's a similar effect, but this is obviously

643
00:35:03,520 --> 00:35:07,040
Speaker 1: like more methodical than what I'm doing. Okay. Uh. For

644
00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:11,320
Speaker 1: some patients though, that's not suitable, so they need other interventions.

645
00:35:11,840 --> 00:35:15,680
Speaker 1: The researchers involved in this experiment they had heard just

646
00:35:15,840 --> 00:35:19,680
Speaker 1: heard from a Digredo instructor. He said, hey, um, my

647
00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:22,560
Speaker 1: students and I we've had a complete reduction in our

648
00:35:22,640 --> 00:35:25,920
Speaker 1: snoring and we're not sleepy during the daytime after we've

649
00:35:25,960 --> 00:35:29,799
Speaker 1: been practicing digre Do for several months. And they thought,

650
00:35:29,880 --> 00:35:32,600
Speaker 1: wait a minute, is this because digre do is training

651
00:35:32,640 --> 00:35:36,480
Speaker 1: the muscles in their upper airways? So okay. They set

652
00:35:36,560 --> 00:35:39,960
Speaker 1: up this methodology and they recruited patients at study centers

653
00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:43,560
Speaker 1: in Switzerland. Then they randomized these patients into an intervention

654
00:35:43,640 --> 00:35:46,520
Speaker 1: group and a control group. And then they excluded candidates

655
00:35:46,760 --> 00:35:50,280
Speaker 1: who are currently trying out that positive airway pressure therapy

656
00:35:50,719 --> 00:35:53,719
Speaker 1: and any drugs that act on the central nervousism, as

657
00:35:53,760 --> 00:35:56,480
Speaker 1: well as anybody who was trying to lose weight or

658
00:35:56,960 --> 00:36:00,239
Speaker 1: way too much or drank too much alcohol, as all

659
00:36:00,320 --> 00:36:04,040
Speaker 1: these things could be contributing factors. The patients in the

660
00:36:04,160 --> 00:36:08,520
Speaker 1: intervention group took the dig red classes and they learned

661
00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:11,279
Speaker 1: the following things. I've never played a Digury do before,

662
00:36:11,320 --> 00:36:14,000
Speaker 1: so I didn't this was new to me. Uh. Circular

663
00:36:14,120 --> 00:36:18,120
Speaker 1: breathing is a technique that enables you to maintain sound

664
00:36:18,200 --> 00:36:21,080
Speaker 1: for a long period of time by inhaling through your

665
00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:25,399
Speaker 1: nose while maintaining airflow through the instrument itself and use

666
00:36:25,480 --> 00:36:28,440
Speaker 1: your cheeks as bellows. Okay, so this is like the

667
00:36:28,640 --> 00:36:31,800
Speaker 1: first kind of important part of this, and then the

668
00:36:31,920 --> 00:36:37,040
Speaker 1: second is to optimize the complex interaction between your lips,

669
00:36:37,440 --> 00:36:40,360
Speaker 1: your vocal tract, and the circular breathing I just mentioned,

670
00:36:40,400 --> 00:36:43,920
Speaker 1: so that the vibration in the upper airway is more

671
00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:47,440
Speaker 1: readily transmitted down to the lower airway. Well, I guess

672
00:36:47,480 --> 00:36:48,680
Speaker 1: one thing to keep in mind here is that with

673
00:36:48,920 --> 00:36:51,600
Speaker 1: dig redo music, you don't hear a bunch of a staccata.

674
00:36:51,680 --> 00:36:55,920
Speaker 1: You don't hear you don't heart, you hear long droning tone.

675
00:36:56,040 --> 00:37:00,200
Speaker 1: It's sustained. Yeah, yeah, exactly, which I imagine also helps

676
00:37:00,200 --> 00:37:02,560
Speaker 1: contribute to this. Right now, I've got a question, are

677
00:37:02,640 --> 00:37:05,960
Speaker 1: there any drone or doom metal bands that incorporate digury

678
00:37:06,000 --> 00:37:08,279
Speaker 1: Do they have to be there have to be I'm

679
00:37:08,360 --> 00:37:11,200
Speaker 1: almost positive there is. Yeah, And but do you think

680
00:37:11,239 --> 00:37:13,880
Speaker 1: they're from Australia or somewhere else? I don't know. You

681
00:37:13,960 --> 00:37:16,000
Speaker 1: get into an interesting area where it would be like

682
00:37:16,120 --> 00:37:20,879
Speaker 1: a like a an aboriginal uh subset of drone music,

683
00:37:21,000 --> 00:37:23,520
Speaker 1: kind of like traditional drawne music, like what happens when

684
00:37:23,560 --> 00:37:25,760
Speaker 1: you run a digury do through an R and JAMP.

685
00:37:26,200 --> 00:37:28,759
Speaker 1: I mean, I have to admit, like most sun Oh

686
00:37:28,920 --> 00:37:32,160
Speaker 1: records sound like they have digitally do in the background anyways.

687
00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:36,120
Speaker 1: But so here's the thing, how do you measure this? Well,

688
00:37:36,160 --> 00:37:39,440
Speaker 1: it turns out there's several indexes to measure the effect

689
00:37:39,880 --> 00:37:42,960
Speaker 1: on sleep, and so they brought these patients in, they

690
00:37:43,040 --> 00:37:46,960
Speaker 1: gave them these indexes as surveys, and then they used

691
00:37:47,160 --> 00:37:51,759
Speaker 1: cardio respiratory sleep studies on them, and finally they gave

692
00:37:51,840 --> 00:37:54,839
Speaker 1: the patients just a generic health and quality of life

693
00:37:54,920 --> 00:37:56,880
Speaker 1: survey just to find out, you know, what's all going on,

694
00:37:57,480 --> 00:38:00,360
Speaker 1: making sure everything's working the right way. They found this

695
00:38:00,840 --> 00:38:05,400
Speaker 1: The patient's quality of sleep actually didn't differ significantly between

696
00:38:05,440 --> 00:38:08,000
Speaker 1: the people who played Didjury Do and the people who didn't,

697
00:38:08,480 --> 00:38:14,280
Speaker 1: but their partners reported less sleep disturbance. They also observed

698
00:38:14,440 --> 00:38:19,360
Speaker 1: a significant effect of the digury Do playing on apnea

699
00:38:19,560 --> 00:38:23,560
Speaker 1: or hypopnia. Uh. And so actually when they compared this

700
00:38:23,920 --> 00:38:27,640
Speaker 1: to the positive airway pressure therapy, they found they're similar,

701
00:38:28,040 --> 00:38:32,160
Speaker 1: but the dijury Do has a slightly smaller effect. But essentially,

702
00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:34,359
Speaker 1: like if you're out there and you're listening and you're like, oh,

703
00:38:34,440 --> 00:38:36,200
Speaker 1: this is a problem for me, maybe you have to

704
00:38:36,239 --> 00:38:38,160
Speaker 1: wear one of those masks at night or something like that,

705
00:38:38,560 --> 00:38:41,120
Speaker 1: Maybe play digury do instead, Like you know what it

706
00:38:41,200 --> 00:38:43,799
Speaker 1: reminds me of, Well, we would say, obviously, following your

707
00:38:43,840 --> 00:38:49,160
Speaker 1: doctor's recommendation, but yeah, give dijury do a try. Yeah, yeah,

708
00:38:49,400 --> 00:38:51,640
Speaker 1: do do both well and then imagine how well you

709
00:38:51,760 --> 00:38:53,799
Speaker 1: sleep if you do. One of the great things about

710
00:38:53,840 --> 00:38:56,560
Speaker 1: the digury Do that I've I've picked up on is

711
00:38:56,680 --> 00:38:58,719
Speaker 1: that even if you don't play it, or you never

712
00:38:58,800 --> 00:39:01,600
Speaker 1: play it, uh, it still looks great propped up in

713
00:39:01,640 --> 00:39:05,279
Speaker 1: a corner. Always. Discussion started, well, I was thinking about

714
00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:08,360
Speaker 1: how this reminds me of. This leads us back to cats.

715
00:39:08,719 --> 00:39:12,080
Speaker 1: We've done some research into cats before on this and

716
00:39:12,200 --> 00:39:15,840
Speaker 1: on brain stuff, talking about cat purring and the function

717
00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:18,600
Speaker 1: of cat purring as like a method of healing both

718
00:39:18,640 --> 00:39:21,440
Speaker 1: the cat and maybe people who are on the cat

719
00:39:21,600 --> 00:39:23,560
Speaker 1: or like the cats laying on or something like that.

720
00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:25,560
Speaker 1: So the digury Do kind of made me think the

721
00:39:25,600 --> 00:39:27,480
Speaker 1: same thing, like, there's something there's an act of the

722
00:39:27,600 --> 00:39:30,919
Speaker 1: vibration that's that's working on here. But obviously also they're

723
00:39:31,000 --> 00:39:35,760
Speaker 1: building up actual muscles and responses inside the respiratory system.

724
00:39:36,120 --> 00:39:38,480
Speaker 1: So why is it funny? Well, because the sound and

725
00:39:38,520 --> 00:39:41,839
Speaker 1: the look of the instrument is abusing. Everybody giggles at

726
00:39:41,840 --> 00:39:45,640
Speaker 1: the dig re Do, right, because but why is it important?

727
00:39:45,880 --> 00:39:49,160
Speaker 1: This is an actual thing that can relieve a disorder

728
00:39:49,239 --> 00:39:51,879
Speaker 1: that many people suffer from. You know, most people would

729
00:39:51,920 --> 00:39:54,479
Speaker 1: go that's a ridiculous thing. Why would we Why would

730
00:39:54,520 --> 00:39:57,319
Speaker 1: re research that? If the dig rey Do instructors said hey,

731
00:39:57,400 --> 00:40:00,399
Speaker 1: this may actually have some benefits to your pati most

732
00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:03,000
Speaker 1: people would just go, oh yeah, sure, that's anecdotal. But

733
00:40:03,080 --> 00:40:05,000
Speaker 1: they did the research and they found out that it's

734
00:40:05,000 --> 00:40:07,160
Speaker 1: a real thing. Well it comes back around the idea

735
00:40:07,320 --> 00:40:10,560
Speaker 1: of of science as the slime mold. You know, opening

736
00:40:10,640 --> 00:40:12,960
Speaker 1: every cabinet and even the cabinets that seem a bit

737
00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:15,840
Speaker 1: silly that we seem reluctant to, you know, to to

738
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:19,040
Speaker 1: to give much credence to the science, is going to

739
00:40:19,120 --> 00:40:22,320
Speaker 1: look in there and see if there's anything worth happening.

740
00:40:22,400 --> 00:40:24,560
Speaker 1: You know, this makes me think we could do probably

741
00:40:24,640 --> 00:40:28,800
Speaker 1: whole episodes on the medical science of wind instruments, Like

742
00:40:29,120 --> 00:40:32,080
Speaker 1: we gotta go from this to bagpipe long right, you

743
00:40:32,120 --> 00:40:34,759
Speaker 1: know the the inverse is that a condition like I'm

744
00:40:34,760 --> 00:40:38,200
Speaker 1: suffering from bagpipeline. Oh man. So you're a bagpipe player

745
00:40:38,640 --> 00:40:41,320
Speaker 1: and you maybe it's actually not funny because this is

746
00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:44,440
Speaker 1: literally killed people. But yeah, bagpipe along is a thing

747
00:40:44,560 --> 00:40:48,759
Speaker 1: that where your bagpipe becomes infested with fungus without you

748
00:40:48,920 --> 00:40:53,200
Speaker 1: realizing because you're continually, yeah, as you as you're continually

749
00:40:53,280 --> 00:40:58,360
Speaker 1: experiencing this constricted airflow through this fungus filled cavity, you

750
00:40:58,520 --> 00:41:01,759
Speaker 1: are feeding all of these these horrible particles into your

751
00:41:01,880 --> 00:41:05,040
Speaker 1: lungs and people don't realize what's going on, and it

752
00:41:05,120 --> 00:41:08,279
Speaker 1: can kill you. Oh man, that sounds like a great

753
00:41:08,320 --> 00:41:10,600
Speaker 1: idea for an episode. Not to be a downer, guys,

754
00:41:11,160 --> 00:41:14,239
Speaker 1: remember that they can help people. Good ay mate. If

755
00:41:14,280 --> 00:41:18,359
Speaker 1: you play bagpipes, also play the digit do I don't think.

756
00:41:18,440 --> 00:41:21,040
Speaker 1: I don't think that they reverse the conditions. But you'll

757
00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:23,520
Speaker 1: feel better about one thing while you're feeling worse about

758
00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:25,959
Speaker 1: the other. Al Right, we actually have one more before

759
00:41:26,000 --> 00:41:29,560
Speaker 1: we close out this installment of our two thousand seventeen

760
00:41:29,640 --> 00:41:34,279
Speaker 1: Ignobell series, and it is the fluid dynamics prize that

761
00:41:34,360 --> 00:41:37,440
Speaker 1: sounds exciting. Wait, we already did fluid dynamics with those

762
00:41:37,520 --> 00:41:41,720
Speaker 1: cats somehow. I guess rayology is slightly different than fluid dynamics,

763
00:41:41,840 --> 00:41:45,560
Speaker 1: or maybe fluid dynamics is a is a larger subset category.

764
00:41:45,760 --> 00:41:49,320
Speaker 1: I know fluid dynamics is. Certainly it's an area that

765
00:41:49,719 --> 00:41:53,160
Speaker 1: always intrigues me because for starters that they do have

766
00:41:53,320 --> 00:41:55,960
Speaker 1: a at least one huge conference a year, and you

767
00:41:56,000 --> 00:41:57,520
Speaker 1: see a lot of cool papers coming out of it,

768
00:41:57,880 --> 00:42:02,000
Speaker 1: and it ranges tremendously because, for instance, one of the

769
00:42:02,200 --> 00:42:04,640
Speaker 1: best fluid dynamic papers and the most enthralling that I

770
00:42:04,719 --> 00:42:08,279
Speaker 1: came across, was a paper that dealt with how uh

771
00:42:08,719 --> 00:42:15,080
Speaker 1: nuclear fallout moves through a metropolitan environment, you know, with

772
00:42:15,200 --> 00:42:19,560
Speaker 1: like flows of radioactive material hitting buildings like cascading up

773
00:42:19,600 --> 00:42:21,960
Speaker 1: buildings and so forth, and how we might be able

774
00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:27,440
Speaker 1: to to map the flow of these materials. Yeah, hey,

775
00:42:27,560 --> 00:42:30,759
Speaker 1: I got a fun footnote to that. The most expensive

776
00:42:30,800 --> 00:42:33,000
Speaker 1: book in the world is a book that was written

777
00:42:33,000 --> 00:42:35,760
Speaker 1: by Leonardo da Vinci and it's owned by Bill Gates,

778
00:42:35,800 --> 00:42:40,040
Speaker 1: and it's about fluid dynamics, and it's written backwards. You

779
00:42:40,120 --> 00:42:43,719
Speaker 1: have to you have to read mirror to left. It's well, yeah,

780
00:42:43,760 --> 00:42:45,440
Speaker 1: it's written so that you have to use a mirror

781
00:42:45,520 --> 00:42:49,080
Speaker 1: to actually read it. Wow. Yeah, it's impressive. Well you

782
00:42:49,080 --> 00:42:52,279
Speaker 1: should ask Bill Gates sometime. Yah. Sounds point and the

783
00:42:52,320 --> 00:42:55,800
Speaker 1: whole things actually standing on well you know. But but

784
00:42:55,880 --> 00:42:57,920
Speaker 1: one of the great things about fluid dynamics is that, yeah,

785
00:42:58,160 --> 00:43:01,880
Speaker 1: it certainly touches on some some rather grandiose topics, but

786
00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:05,239
Speaker 1: it also is just everywhere around us. Like I I

787
00:43:05,320 --> 00:43:07,359
Speaker 1: have not looked up a study about this, but every

788
00:43:07,400 --> 00:43:10,960
Speaker 1: time I'm making a smoothie in the morning in the blender,

789
00:43:11,280 --> 00:43:14,240
Speaker 1: I think about fluid dynamics. Somebody out there has surely

790
00:43:14,400 --> 00:43:17,840
Speaker 1: applied some serious scientific thinking to what's going on with

791
00:43:17,920 --> 00:43:21,120
Speaker 1: my blender, Like how how the stuff blends or in

792
00:43:21,160 --> 00:43:23,239
Speaker 1: many cases doesn't blend. How you end up with that

793
00:43:23,560 --> 00:43:26,120
Speaker 1: section of smoothie on the top that's doing nothing while

794
00:43:26,160 --> 00:43:28,160
Speaker 1: the bottom part is swirling around. I would imagine they

795
00:43:28,160 --> 00:43:31,520
Speaker 1: need a better blender or whatever. Those like chains are

796
00:43:31,800 --> 00:43:33,440
Speaker 1: like those smoothie kings, the one we have here and

797
00:43:33,840 --> 00:43:38,560
Speaker 1: with the big square looking they must have like scientists

798
00:43:38,719 --> 00:43:40,799
Speaker 1: on their teams whose whole job is to figure out

799
00:43:40,840 --> 00:43:42,960
Speaker 1: like how well these things can come up through straws.

800
00:43:43,120 --> 00:43:45,320
Speaker 1: I've read about this. I think the best solution is

801
00:43:45,400 --> 00:43:49,319
Speaker 1: to stick your hand down in there while it's going. Yeah, well,

802
00:43:49,360 --> 00:43:51,279
Speaker 1: that's what I was thinking. You were going with the

803
00:43:51,360 --> 00:43:54,480
Speaker 1: cat thing. Don't follow my advice, folks. All right, Well,

804
00:43:54,560 --> 00:43:58,080
Speaker 1: this particular study is titled A Study of the Coffee

805
00:43:58,120 --> 00:44:03,960
Speaker 1: Spilling Phenomena in the Impulse Regime. So are we in

806
00:44:04,080 --> 00:44:06,120
Speaker 1: the low impulse regime right now? I think we're in

807
00:44:06,160 --> 00:44:09,800
Speaker 1: the high impulsori. I love that that phrase of the

808
00:44:10,000 --> 00:44:11,960
Speaker 1: low impulse regime sounds like a band. I would be

809
00:44:12,040 --> 00:44:14,759
Speaker 1: really into it. It sounds like something Captain Piccard would say.

810
00:44:15,800 --> 00:44:19,480
Speaker 1: So basically, this paper asked the question, from a fluid

811
00:44:19,560 --> 00:44:23,960
Speaker 1: dynamic standpoint, why does spillage occur with coffee also with wine?

812
00:44:24,320 --> 00:44:27,160
Speaker 1: And how might we limit it? This is the great

813
00:44:27,160 --> 00:44:29,560
Speaker 1: thing about the papers. It touches on a universal experience.

814
00:44:29,800 --> 00:44:33,320
Speaker 1: I am the guy who inevitably always spills coffee on themselves.

815
00:44:33,520 --> 00:44:35,560
Speaker 1: I don't know what it is A trail of brown

816
00:44:35,640 --> 00:44:38,480
Speaker 1: look like. And to the point where my wife like

817
00:44:38,719 --> 00:44:40,920
Speaker 1: knows when I've bought coffee and have been driving in

818
00:44:40,960 --> 00:44:43,080
Speaker 1: the car because she's just like, there's coffee stains everywhere.

819
00:44:43,120 --> 00:44:45,840
Speaker 1: What is wrong with you? I eat like a raccoon,

820
00:44:46,080 --> 00:44:49,040
Speaker 1: and apparently with coffee, I just like throw the cup

821
00:44:49,080 --> 00:44:51,359
Speaker 1: at my face. I guess I don't know, but yeah,

822
00:44:51,440 --> 00:44:53,400
Speaker 1: even just like when it has a lid on it

823
00:44:53,960 --> 00:44:56,680
Speaker 1: and I move it around, it somehow gets everywhere. This

824
00:44:56,840 --> 00:44:59,560
Speaker 1: is one of my favorite features of classic animation. If

825
00:44:59,600 --> 00:45:04,520
Speaker 1: you watch old Disney movies, they're always depicting cups of

826
00:45:04,760 --> 00:45:09,080
Speaker 1: liquids sloshing around crazily while people are consuming them. You

827
00:45:09,120 --> 00:45:11,600
Speaker 1: know what I'm talking about, Like people swinging a beer

828
00:45:11,760 --> 00:45:14,200
Speaker 1: stein or a wine glass or something like that, and

829
00:45:14,280 --> 00:45:17,160
Speaker 1: it's just splashing and slashing all over the place. When

830
00:45:17,200 --> 00:45:20,800
Speaker 1: that kind of movement tends to uh, it tends to

831
00:45:20,840 --> 00:45:23,040
Speaker 1: be everywhere in these old cartoons, like the people are

832
00:45:23,120 --> 00:45:25,440
Speaker 1: kind of slashing back and forth. The action is kind

833
00:45:25,480 --> 00:45:28,719
Speaker 1: of slashing. I guess animation historians have probably have a

834
00:45:29,280 --> 00:45:32,080
Speaker 1: have some terminology to throw behind them. Yeah. I would

835
00:45:32,080 --> 00:45:34,600
Speaker 1: imagine it has something to do with like the form

836
00:45:34,680 --> 00:45:37,400
Speaker 1: at the time that like the animators and illustrators are

837
00:45:37,480 --> 00:45:41,520
Speaker 1: probably trying to figure out how best to render liquid

838
00:45:41,880 --> 00:45:44,759
Speaker 1: in cartoon format, same as like with c G. I

839
00:45:44,960 --> 00:45:48,080
Speaker 1: like when it's super impressive how great water is rendered.

840
00:45:48,920 --> 00:45:50,600
Speaker 1: I guess part of what I'm thinking of is that

841
00:45:50,800 --> 00:45:55,320
Speaker 1: it's always like in classic animation, actions and the themes

842
00:45:55,400 --> 00:45:58,560
Speaker 1: they signify or exaggerated. Like if you watch old Disney movies,

843
00:45:58,600 --> 00:46:01,440
Speaker 1: whenever somebody's drinking some thing, usually it's in some kind

844
00:46:01,480 --> 00:46:05,040
Speaker 1: of feast scene that's signaling gluttony or something like that.

845
00:46:05,239 --> 00:46:08,080
Speaker 1: And so there's all this depiction of excess, and maybe

846
00:46:08,160 --> 00:46:11,040
Speaker 1: the slashing is one aspect of that. I immediately thought

847
00:46:11,080 --> 00:46:18,880
Speaker 1: of Fantasia and Mickey carrying. So this particular paper is

848
00:46:18,920 --> 00:46:21,680
Speaker 1: a South Korean paper and it was published in Achievements

849
00:46:21,840 --> 00:46:24,719
Speaker 1: in the Life Sciences, and it's by you On Han

850
00:46:26,040 --> 00:46:29,480
Speaker 1: from two thousand sixteen. And I'm not going to summarize

851
00:46:29,480 --> 00:46:30,520
Speaker 1: a lot of the paper because a lot of the

852
00:46:30,560 --> 00:46:33,120
Speaker 1: paper is just sort of breaking it down in from

853
00:46:33,120 --> 00:46:35,799
Speaker 1: a fluid, dynamic standpoint, what's happening with a slashing cup

854
00:46:35,840 --> 00:46:40,120
Speaker 1: of coffee or a slashing goblet of wine. But the

855
00:46:40,239 --> 00:46:43,360
Speaker 1: fun part is that this article doesn't just doesn't just

856
00:46:43,440 --> 00:46:48,399
Speaker 1: describe what's happening. It presents solutions. So wait, you're telling

857
00:46:48,440 --> 00:46:50,960
Speaker 1: me I might have some solutions from my coffee problems. Yeah,

858
00:46:51,040 --> 00:46:54,120
Speaker 1: I'm saying that when you when we're done with this section,

859
00:46:54,440 --> 00:46:58,840
Speaker 1: you will have new ideas to implement in your coffee consumption.

860
00:46:58,960 --> 00:47:05,000
Speaker 1: And you're handling of a coffee mug apart from sippy cups. Um, basically, well,

861
00:47:05,200 --> 00:47:06,520
Speaker 1: they get there in a way. There's sort of the

862
00:47:06,560 --> 00:47:09,000
Speaker 1: cipy cup. They do recommend you could you could hold

863
00:47:09,040 --> 00:47:11,400
Speaker 1: the coffee mug with a like a small plate on

864
00:47:11,560 --> 00:47:14,360
Speaker 1: top of it, just cover the coffee mug. That seems obvious.

865
00:47:14,400 --> 00:47:17,279
Speaker 1: You don't a scientist to point that out. But yeah,

866
00:47:17,360 --> 00:47:20,120
Speaker 1: maybe if we didn't have an open container of liquid,

867
00:47:20,560 --> 00:47:22,480
Speaker 1: we wouldn't have to deal with sloshing. But I assume

868
00:47:23,040 --> 00:47:26,200
Speaker 1: solutions than that. They well, we'll see if you think

869
00:47:26,200 --> 00:47:30,760
Speaker 1: they're better. Uh, here's a quote from the paper. Moreover,

870
00:47:31,160 --> 00:47:35,319
Speaker 1: we showed that either walking backwards or holding the cup

871
00:47:35,400 --> 00:47:39,040
Speaker 1: the cup with a claw hand posture lead to significant

872
00:47:39,120 --> 00:47:43,360
Speaker 1: changes in the driving force frequency spectrum, suggesting a method

873
00:47:43,480 --> 00:47:47,920
Speaker 1: to suppress residents. So one of the ideas here is, yes,

874
00:47:48,000 --> 00:47:51,640
Speaker 1: simply walk backwards with your coffee mug. But the other

875
00:47:51,880 --> 00:47:53,640
Speaker 1: is that I have a feel like I would spell

876
00:47:53,680 --> 00:47:56,480
Speaker 1: even more with that, but okay, I'm listening. The other

877
00:47:56,680 --> 00:47:59,879
Speaker 1: is to have your make a claw with your hand

878
00:48:00,400 --> 00:48:04,040
Speaker 1: and hold the coffee mug top down, not bottom up,

879
00:48:05,000 --> 00:48:07,880
Speaker 1: so you're holding your coffee like you're some sort of

880
00:48:08,239 --> 00:48:12,520
Speaker 1: like a cartoon vampire carrying it around from the top.

881
00:48:13,560 --> 00:48:16,160
Speaker 1: Crane game. Yeah, it's like the crane game where instead

882
00:48:16,160 --> 00:48:19,040
Speaker 1: of grabbing a bunch of like cheap stuffed animals, you're

883
00:48:19,040 --> 00:48:21,239
Speaker 1: grabbing a single coffee mug. I know this is a

884
00:48:21,280 --> 00:48:24,200
Speaker 1: better method. It makes you look kind of stupid, but

885
00:48:24,760 --> 00:48:27,640
Speaker 1: it is a better method according to the scientific data. Now.

886
00:48:27,719 --> 00:48:29,759
Speaker 1: I know, Robert, you haven't seen the new season of

887
00:48:29,800 --> 00:48:32,320
Speaker 1: Twin Peaks. Joe, you have, right. No, actually, okay, so

888
00:48:32,440 --> 00:48:34,400
Speaker 1: neither of you going to don't spoil it. I'm just

889
00:48:34,440 --> 00:48:36,960
Speaker 1: gonna say it. There is a character named Dougie in it,

890
00:48:37,160 --> 00:48:39,840
Speaker 1: and Dougie holds coffee in the claw method, but he

891
00:48:39,920 --> 00:48:42,239
Speaker 1: does two handed claw where he grabs it from the

892
00:48:42,360 --> 00:48:44,879
Speaker 1: side and he holds it with both of his hands

893
00:48:44,920 --> 00:48:47,719
Speaker 1: are clawed and he holds onto it tightly like that. Man,

894
00:48:47,800 --> 00:48:50,279
Speaker 1: I have a totally different idea of the claw hold,

895
00:48:50,440 --> 00:48:52,919
Speaker 1: and it comes from my day's serving in restaurants. Where

896
00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:56,160
Speaker 1: the claw was. How you fit three water glasses in

897
00:48:56,239 --> 00:49:00,399
Speaker 1: the same hand. You've got this clutch, but it's underneath, right, Yeah,

898
00:49:00,480 --> 00:49:02,680
Speaker 1: from the bottom where they each like they fit between

899
00:49:02,760 --> 00:49:04,560
Speaker 1: the first finger and that. Well, I'm not going to

900
00:49:04,640 --> 00:49:06,279
Speaker 1: describe all that, but yeah, you can get three water

901
00:49:06,360 --> 00:49:08,759
Speaker 1: glasses in one hand if you use the claw. What

902
00:49:08,920 --> 00:49:12,000
Speaker 1: was the spillage like with that? Not too much? Actually, okay,

903
00:49:12,040 --> 00:49:14,160
Speaker 1: it might have hit on a similar property. But that's

904
00:49:14,160 --> 00:49:17,160
Speaker 1: the other thing that comes to mind. In the service industry,

905
00:49:17,800 --> 00:49:20,160
Speaker 1: you can't really use the top down claw method to

906
00:49:20,200 --> 00:49:22,279
Speaker 1: bring someone their coffee at a restaurant. They're going to

907
00:49:22,360 --> 00:49:25,640
Speaker 1: think you're yeah, they're gonna say, take that back. You're

908
00:49:25,719 --> 00:49:27,880
Speaker 1: you're basically sticking your hand in my beverage. But it

909
00:49:27,960 --> 00:49:29,680
Speaker 1: looks like here that they have come up with a

910
00:49:29,800 --> 00:49:33,400
Speaker 1: design that could fix that problem. Yes, let's carry it

911
00:49:33,520 --> 00:49:35,360
Speaker 1: in your mouth and then spit it out into the

912
00:49:35,400 --> 00:49:37,400
Speaker 1: cup at the table. Well, at least it would be closed, right,

913
00:49:37,600 --> 00:49:41,200
Speaker 1: and then you're prepared for a wonderful cinematic response to

914
00:49:41,239 --> 00:49:45,359
Speaker 1: any jokes that that the customer may may share. But now,

915
00:49:45,800 --> 00:49:50,439
Speaker 1: in addition to providing new ways to carry existing coffee mugs,

916
00:49:50,840 --> 00:49:55,520
Speaker 1: this study does present an alternate coffee cup design. Quote.

917
00:49:55,560 --> 00:49:57,680
Speaker 1: It is evident that a decrease in the radius of

918
00:49:57,719 --> 00:50:02,040
Speaker 1: the cup can significantly increase the resonance frequency by dividing

919
00:50:02,080 --> 00:50:07,239
Speaker 1: the cup into smaller cylindrical cells. So there's like, how

920
00:50:07,320 --> 00:50:09,879
Speaker 1: this looks. It's like a coffee cup, but it looks

921
00:50:09,880 --> 00:50:12,520
Speaker 1: like it's got a bunch of like syringes with the

922
00:50:12,560 --> 00:50:15,320
Speaker 1: top sawed off inside of Its possible to drink out of.

923
00:50:15,440 --> 00:50:17,719
Speaker 1: It looks impossible to drink off. It looks a bit

924
00:50:17,920 --> 00:50:21,960
Speaker 1: silly for sure, I mean straw. Yeah, basically the picture

925
00:50:22,000 --> 00:50:28,080
Speaker 1: looks like a glass like cocktail tumbler, and inside it

926
00:50:28,200 --> 00:50:31,719
Speaker 1: there are all of these glass vials. It's packed with

927
00:50:31,840 --> 00:50:35,399
Speaker 1: test tubes. So imagine if you drink your coffee out

928
00:50:35,440 --> 00:50:38,120
Speaker 1: of a bunch of test tubes that have been lashed together,

929
00:50:38,600 --> 00:50:42,160
Speaker 1: as opposed to a single broad drinking vest. I mean,

930
00:50:42,360 --> 00:50:44,400
Speaker 1: what this looks like is you'd be sipping out of

931
00:50:44,480 --> 00:50:47,080
Speaker 1: the bottom two test tubes and the rest would just

932
00:50:47,120 --> 00:50:50,320
Speaker 1: be pouring into your eyes. Yeah, exactly what. You couldn't

933
00:50:50,320 --> 00:50:53,319
Speaker 1: throw it back, and that's for sure, and it would

934
00:50:53,360 --> 00:50:55,200
Speaker 1: be really you would have to mix your cream and

935
00:50:55,320 --> 00:50:58,239
Speaker 1: sugar in a different cup. Entirely before you even pour it.

936
00:50:58,680 --> 00:51:00,840
Speaker 1: The thing that gets me about this, really, both of

937
00:51:00,920 --> 00:51:03,840
Speaker 1: these suggestions, both the coffee cup design and the coffee

938
00:51:04,040 --> 00:51:10,239
Speaker 1: mug handling UH method, is that what if these what

939
00:51:10,320 --> 00:51:11,680
Speaker 1: if this is the way? What if these are the

940
00:51:11,760 --> 00:51:14,640
Speaker 1: changes we need for a better system of drinking and

941
00:51:14,760 --> 00:51:18,279
Speaker 1: carrying coffee around. But we're ultimately going to just be

942
00:51:18,440 --> 00:51:22,600
Speaker 1: too vain to to change, because, yes, drinking out of

943
00:51:22,680 --> 00:51:24,799
Speaker 1: this bizarre contraption that looks like a bunch of test

944
00:51:24,840 --> 00:51:27,880
Speaker 1: tubes look silly. Carrying your coffee mug around with a

945
00:51:28,040 --> 00:51:32,040
Speaker 1: claw hole looks silly, and but there are other things

946
00:51:32,080 --> 00:51:34,880
Speaker 1: that we've seen in life where the sillier looking method

947
00:51:35,080 --> 00:51:37,840
Speaker 1: is more successful and we don't do it because it

948
00:51:37,920 --> 00:51:40,759
Speaker 1: looks silly. I'm gonna offer a really stupid method, but

949
00:51:40,920 --> 00:51:43,640
Speaker 1: it's my method. I pretty much never spilled my coffee

950
00:51:43,680 --> 00:51:46,120
Speaker 1: because I never fill my cup more than two thirds

951
00:51:46,200 --> 00:51:48,359
Speaker 1: of the way, well, because I don't want to get

952
00:51:48,400 --> 00:51:51,120
Speaker 1: the fear. But the thing is, Joe, I I have

953
00:51:51,280 --> 00:51:54,080
Speaker 1: there's been so many times where I've been coming in

954
00:51:54,200 --> 00:51:56,200
Speaker 1: from my front porch, So I work on my front

955
00:51:56,239 --> 00:51:59,279
Speaker 1: porch a lot. What I'm teleworking and I always have

956
00:51:59,320 --> 00:52:01,719
Speaker 1: a coffee mug with me, and sometimes the coffee mug

957
00:52:01,800 --> 00:52:03,880
Speaker 1: you know it's down to the last little bit, but

958
00:52:04,320 --> 00:52:06,680
Speaker 1: you can still, trust me, you can still slash the

959
00:52:06,800 --> 00:52:08,840
Speaker 1: heck out of a cup of coffee when you have

960
00:52:09,440 --> 00:52:12,759
Speaker 1: less than a fourth of a cup. Yeah. So if

961
00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:15,000
Speaker 1: you're like trying to grab hold of a child or

962
00:52:15,080 --> 00:52:16,719
Speaker 1: something like, yeah, or if you you know, you you

963
00:52:16,840 --> 00:52:19,000
Speaker 1: have a laptop and you have the coffee mug of

964
00:52:19,040 --> 00:52:22,360
Speaker 1: the laptop. But the thing that this reminded me of,

965
00:52:22,480 --> 00:52:24,120
Speaker 1: and I am not a sports person at all, but

966
00:52:24,440 --> 00:52:26,600
Speaker 1: but I heard it was either a radio lab or

967
00:52:26,719 --> 00:52:29,440
Speaker 1: this American Lonfe episode in the last several years about

968
00:52:29,680 --> 00:52:33,000
Speaker 1: the granny shot in basketball about how this is the

969
00:52:33,160 --> 00:52:35,680
Speaker 1: most effective way to make a free throw. So describe

970
00:52:35,680 --> 00:52:38,520
Speaker 1: the granny shot. The granny shot is the it's generally

971
00:52:38,520 --> 00:52:41,239
Speaker 1: associated with if you don't know how to bowl, or

972
00:52:41,320 --> 00:52:43,440
Speaker 1: you don't know how to throw a basketball, you simply

973
00:52:43,480 --> 00:52:45,319
Speaker 1: hold it in your hands and you just you sort

974
00:52:45,360 --> 00:52:48,440
Speaker 1: of stand legs apart, legs of kimbo. Yeah, and you

975
00:52:48,560 --> 00:52:50,640
Speaker 1: just dangle it down there between your legs and then

976
00:52:50,719 --> 00:52:55,680
Speaker 1: throw it up underhanded, underhanded, a double handed, underhand throw

977
00:52:56,200 --> 00:52:58,919
Speaker 1: with legs of kimbo so you're saying that people using

978
00:52:59,040 --> 00:53:02,080
Speaker 1: this method to get a higher frequency percentage of shots

979
00:53:02,280 --> 00:53:04,880
Speaker 1: than people who don't use it. Yeah. Basically, the idea

980
00:53:04,960 --> 00:53:06,879
Speaker 1: is that it's been proven that this is the most

981
00:53:06,920 --> 00:53:11,400
Speaker 1: effective method even in the really especially in the NBA.

982
00:53:12,200 --> 00:53:16,920
Speaker 1: UM and those who utilize this method um make more

983
00:53:17,000 --> 00:53:19,719
Speaker 1: free throws. But it's pretty rare that you'll see this

984
00:53:19,840 --> 00:53:22,640
Speaker 1: during a game because it looks stupid. Yeah, because there's

985
00:53:22,680 --> 00:53:24,680
Speaker 1: this idea that if you throw the ball that way,

986
00:53:24,760 --> 00:53:27,120
Speaker 1: you don't know what you're doing, that it it has

987
00:53:27,239 --> 00:53:29,600
Speaker 1: less than next to it. Even if it's more effective,

988
00:53:29,920 --> 00:53:32,880
Speaker 1: even if it could ultimately, you know, make a difference

989
00:53:32,920 --> 00:53:36,360
Speaker 1: in winning games, it's still something. It's a line that

990
00:53:36,600 --> 00:53:39,120
Speaker 1: most basketball players are not willing to cross. Sounds like

991
00:53:39,200 --> 00:53:41,800
Speaker 1: there's a window for somebody to come in and moneyball

992
00:53:41,880 --> 00:53:45,359
Speaker 1: all this thing. I guess, Yeah, but but I wonder

993
00:53:45,400 --> 00:53:47,759
Speaker 1: I'm sorry, I just use moneyball as a verb like

994
00:53:47,920 --> 00:53:51,040
Speaker 1: I'm some ad executive. Well, let's quickly pivot away from

995
00:53:51,080 --> 00:53:53,759
Speaker 1: that and we'll move back to the Yeah. But but

996
00:53:53,840 --> 00:53:55,960
Speaker 1: it it raises the question, what again, what if this

997
00:53:56,080 --> 00:53:58,719
Speaker 1: is the best way, this is the scientifically verified way

998
00:53:58,760 --> 00:54:01,400
Speaker 1: to drink coffee and We're just all going to ignore

999
00:54:01,440 --> 00:54:03,840
Speaker 1: it as we've been ignoring it because, like I said this,

1000
00:54:04,080 --> 00:54:07,240
Speaker 1: this this came out last year and nothing has changed.

1001
00:54:07,840 --> 00:54:09,840
Speaker 1: Now that it's getting it's making the rounds with the

1002
00:54:09,880 --> 00:54:13,680
Speaker 1: Ignoble prizes, is it more likely that people will listen

1003
00:54:13,719 --> 00:54:15,520
Speaker 1: to it? Will you? Will there be like one person

1004
00:54:15,760 --> 00:54:20,760
Speaker 1: in a given workplace that embraces the crazy test tube

1005
00:54:20,880 --> 00:54:23,759
Speaker 1: filled the coffee mug. If those tubes were available on

1006
00:54:23,840 --> 00:54:26,560
Speaker 1: the market and they weren't like prohibitively expensive, I'd give

1007
00:54:26,600 --> 00:54:29,040
Speaker 1: it a shot. Yeah, maybe we should. We could, we

1008
00:54:29,080 --> 00:54:31,879
Speaker 1: could be an experiment. Well, maybe listeners out there will

1009
00:54:31,920 --> 00:54:34,680
Speaker 1: try it themselves. If you don't try the test tube

1010
00:54:35,600 --> 00:54:38,800
Speaker 1: oriented coffee mug been, try the top down claw method

1011
00:54:38,840 --> 00:54:41,440
Speaker 1: of holding the cup and let us know how it goes.

1012
00:54:41,880 --> 00:54:45,200
Speaker 1: All right, So there you have it. Four down, um,

1013
00:54:46,040 --> 00:54:49,560
Speaker 1: six to go. Yeah, So follow us on our next

1014
00:54:49,600 --> 00:54:53,319
Speaker 1: episode about Ignobles. We're gonna release this right one after

1015
00:54:53,400 --> 00:54:55,719
Speaker 1: the other, sequentially, I believe, is how they say it.

1016
00:54:56,680 --> 00:54:58,680
Speaker 1: But you know what, if you've got any questions for

1017
00:54:58,760 --> 00:55:02,640
Speaker 1: us about coffee mug or weird insect genitalia or how

1018
00:55:02,719 --> 00:55:05,239
Speaker 1: you make liquid cats, where can they get in touch

1019
00:55:05,280 --> 00:55:07,279
Speaker 1: with us? Joe, Well, you can go to stuff to

1020
00:55:07,320 --> 00:55:09,800
Speaker 1: Blow your Mind dot com, where you've got everything we do,

1021
00:55:09,960 --> 00:55:13,560
Speaker 1: including Robert's excellent blog posts. He'll do some space music,

1022
00:55:13,640 --> 00:55:15,719
Speaker 1: he'll do some monsters. I don't know we're gonna get

1023
00:55:15,719 --> 00:55:18,200
Speaker 1: any monsters in November. Surely we will, even though we've

1024
00:55:18,239 --> 00:55:21,120
Speaker 1: just Yeah, surely I can find a monster too to

1025
00:55:21,200 --> 00:55:23,719
Speaker 1: throw in the November mix. But that's, of course where

1026
00:55:23,760 --> 00:55:25,320
Speaker 1: you can get all of our podcasts. But also you

1027
00:55:25,400 --> 00:55:28,000
Speaker 1: can go wherever you get your podcasts. You're listening to

1028
00:55:28,120 --> 00:55:29,960
Speaker 1: us right now, so you probably know how to do that.

1029
00:55:30,080 --> 00:55:32,840
Speaker 1: If you're not subscribe, subscribe and you can always email

1030
00:55:33,000 --> 00:55:35,480
Speaker 1: us at blow the Mind at how stuff works dot

1031
00:55:35,560 --> 00:55:48,520
Speaker 1: com for more on this and thousands of other topics.

1032
00:55:48,719 --> 00:56:05,680
Speaker 1: Does it how stuff works dot com, November twenty four,

1033
00:56:06,000 --> 00:56:07,320
Speaker 1: Arro