1 00:00:08,200 --> 00:00:10,280 Speaker 1: Hey, orror, Hey, what image do you get in your 2 00:00:10,280 --> 00:00:13,960 Speaker 1: mind if I say the phrase mysteries of the universe? 3 00:00:15,360 --> 00:00:17,840 Speaker 1: I think I think of you know, black holes and 4 00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:20,439 Speaker 1: what's inside of them, and what happened at the beginning 5 00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:23,240 Speaker 1: of time and where is the universe going to go? 6 00:00:23,560 --> 00:00:26,079 Speaker 1: Those are all wonderful mysteries, and I'd love to dig 7 00:00:26,120 --> 00:00:28,400 Speaker 1: into them. But what if I told you you don't 8 00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:32,000 Speaker 1: have to go so far away to find mysteries. M 9 00:00:32,960 --> 00:00:36,360 Speaker 1: You mean, like, why is a cartoonists hosting a podcast 10 00:00:36,360 --> 00:00:40,800 Speaker 1: about science? Yeah, that's exactly the point. It turns out 11 00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:45,080 Speaker 1: that there are deep unanswered physics questions all around us. 12 00:00:45,120 --> 00:00:46,559 Speaker 1: You don't have to travel to the edge of the 13 00:00:46,560 --> 00:00:49,599 Speaker 1: galaxy to find something we don't understand. Yeah, I've heard 14 00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:51,920 Speaker 1: about this that in the objects we use every day 15 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:55,520 Speaker 1: there might be things that even physicists don't know how 16 00:00:55,560 --> 00:00:58,080 Speaker 1: it works. Yeah, it turns out physicists don't know what 17 00:00:58,120 --> 00:01:00,360 Speaker 1: we're talking about all the time, but you don't know 18 00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:02,480 Speaker 1: what you're talking about, or you know what you're talking about, 19 00:01:02,480 --> 00:01:05,760 Speaker 1: but you don't understand. No, that's the exact job of 20 00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:08,319 Speaker 1: physics is to look around us and say, do we 21 00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:11,400 Speaker 1: really know how this works? Can we actually understand it, 22 00:01:11,440 --> 00:01:13,880 Speaker 1: and sometimes we think it's a simple explanation, but we 23 00:01:13,920 --> 00:01:15,600 Speaker 1: sit down to work it out and it turns out 24 00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:19,080 Speaker 1: it's much more complicated than we thought. Yeah, it turns 25 00:01:19,080 --> 00:01:22,200 Speaker 1: out there are big mysteries even in the things that 26 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:26,200 Speaker 1: a lot of us ride to work every day. That's right. 27 00:01:41,959 --> 00:01:45,319 Speaker 1: I'm and I'm Daniel, and welcome to our podcast Daniel 28 00:01:45,360 --> 00:01:49,080 Speaker 1: and Jorge Explain the Universe, a production of I Heart Radio, 29 00:01:49,280 --> 00:01:51,880 Speaker 1: in which we look around for weird things in the 30 00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:54,720 Speaker 1: universe that don't make sense and try to explain them 31 00:01:54,720 --> 00:01:57,880 Speaker 1: to you. Sometimes we look far, sometimes we look pretty 32 00:01:57,880 --> 00:02:00,320 Speaker 1: close to home. That's right. Today in the episod, we're 33 00:02:00,360 --> 00:02:03,200 Speaker 1: going to try something a little bit different. So usually 34 00:02:03,280 --> 00:02:05,920 Speaker 1: we talk about the big things out there in the universe, 35 00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:09,320 Speaker 1: all the big fundamental questions about what the universe is 36 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:11,960 Speaker 1: made out of and where's it going and what happens 37 00:02:11,960 --> 00:02:15,360 Speaker 1: inside of crazy things like black holes. But today we're 38 00:02:15,440 --> 00:02:18,160 Speaker 1: going to try something a little different. That's right. Some 39 00:02:18,240 --> 00:02:21,040 Speaker 1: of those are big sexy questions that affect the human 40 00:02:21,080 --> 00:02:23,320 Speaker 1: condition and the context of your life. But we think 41 00:02:23,800 --> 00:02:26,320 Speaker 1: sometimes there are mysteries of physics right here in front 42 00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:28,600 Speaker 1: of us that can give us deep insights into the 43 00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:31,400 Speaker 1: way things work and how we live our lives. So 44 00:02:31,440 --> 00:02:34,040 Speaker 1: this might be the first of a series of episodes 45 00:02:34,040 --> 00:02:37,440 Speaker 1: in which we tackle a question that's kind of close 46 00:02:37,520 --> 00:02:41,240 Speaker 1: to us or in maybe hidden in everyday objects. That's right, 47 00:02:41,280 --> 00:02:44,280 Speaker 1: So look around you think about whether you understand the 48 00:02:44,320 --> 00:02:46,760 Speaker 1: way the world works around you. Why doesn't your house 49 00:02:46,800 --> 00:02:49,799 Speaker 1: fall down? How do the lightning rods work? All these 50 00:02:49,800 --> 00:02:51,880 Speaker 1: things that are happening around you. Do you really know 51 00:02:51,919 --> 00:02:54,600 Speaker 1: how they work? Do physicists even know how they work? 52 00:02:54,840 --> 00:02:57,360 Speaker 1: So today on the podcast, we're going to talk about 53 00:03:02,320 --> 00:03:05,640 Speaker 1: why don't bicycles fall over? You know, the bicycle has 54 00:03:05,639 --> 00:03:07,880 Speaker 1: been around for a long time. People have been putting 55 00:03:07,919 --> 00:03:10,280 Speaker 1: their butts on those funny seats and peddling around for 56 00:03:10,360 --> 00:03:13,360 Speaker 1: decades and decades and decades. But the physics of a 57 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:16,960 Speaker 1: bicycle is fascinating. If you just hold a bicycle and 58 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:20,079 Speaker 1: let go, it's going to fall over, right, But if 59 00:03:20,080 --> 00:03:23,360 Speaker 1: you push your bicycle so that's going fast, it doesn't 60 00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:26,040 Speaker 1: fall over. It can ride by itself. It's kind of 61 00:03:26,040 --> 00:03:28,079 Speaker 1: a ridiculous situation. Do you think about it? Like? Who 62 00:03:28,160 --> 00:03:32,440 Speaker 1: thought it to take two wheels and right around and 63 00:03:32,919 --> 00:03:35,520 Speaker 1: in them? That's right? It seems like it wouldn't balance, right. 64 00:03:35,520 --> 00:03:37,520 Speaker 1: It seems much more natural to have three wheels or 65 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:40,080 Speaker 1: four wheels. Right. Maybe somebody was just short of wheels 66 00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:42,160 Speaker 1: and they were like, dang it, I ordered three wheels 67 00:03:42,160 --> 00:03:44,160 Speaker 1: on the internet, only to arrive. I guess I'm gonna 68 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:47,360 Speaker 1: have to invent something. They couldn't aford a third wheel 69 00:03:49,560 --> 00:03:51,440 Speaker 1: only they only had the raw materials enough for two 70 00:03:51,480 --> 00:03:54,120 Speaker 1: wheels or something. You were like inventing a new myth 71 00:03:54,200 --> 00:03:57,160 Speaker 1: of the genesis of the bicycle, right, Yeah, well it 72 00:03:57,280 --> 00:04:00,240 Speaker 1: seems implausible because it's hard to balance, right. You need 73 00:04:00,280 --> 00:04:02,920 Speaker 1: at least, you know, like a chair needs at least 74 00:04:02,960 --> 00:04:06,800 Speaker 1: three legs to stand on. It's kind of weird to 75 00:04:06,840 --> 00:04:09,720 Speaker 1: think that someone would think of a vehicle that only 76 00:04:09,800 --> 00:04:11,920 Speaker 1: rides on two wheels. Yeah, that's right. Not many people 77 00:04:11,960 --> 00:04:14,800 Speaker 1: invent chairs with just two legs, right, for that same reason. 78 00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:19,200 Speaker 1: That would be pretty odd. Um. Yeah, there's so there's 79 00:04:19,240 --> 00:04:21,760 Speaker 1: two wheels, all these two wheel contraptions. We have motorcycles, 80 00:04:21,800 --> 00:04:24,400 Speaker 1: we have bicycles. It is amazing. It's not something that 81 00:04:24,440 --> 00:04:27,200 Speaker 1: I would have considered inventing, but it works. You see 82 00:04:27,240 --> 00:04:30,960 Speaker 1: bikes everywhere, and you go to Europe and India, and China, 83 00:04:31,040 --> 00:04:33,800 Speaker 1: and there's all over the world. There's thousands and millions 84 00:04:33,800 --> 00:04:36,359 Speaker 1: and millions of bicycles being used every day, but the 85 00:04:36,400 --> 00:04:38,760 Speaker 1: physics of it is still a bit of a mystery. Yeah, 86 00:04:38,800 --> 00:04:41,960 Speaker 1: how do bicycles stay up? Apparently physicists don't really have 87 00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:45,880 Speaker 1: a good answer, right, yeah, that's right, Um, it's it's fascinating. 88 00:04:45,920 --> 00:04:48,040 Speaker 1: But you know, do this experiment in your head. You 89 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:52,440 Speaker 1: remember riding a bike, probably, and it's the faster you go, 90 00:04:52,600 --> 00:04:55,159 Speaker 1: the more stable the bike. Seems that at some point 91 00:04:55,560 --> 00:04:58,160 Speaker 1: you could even lean back and take your hands off 92 00:04:58,200 --> 00:05:00,960 Speaker 1: the handlebars, and it seems like a ridiculous thing to do. 93 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:03,240 Speaker 1: You're going twenty miles an hour and if the if 94 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:06,440 Speaker 1: the handlebars flipped over, you would fly over the front 95 00:05:06,480 --> 00:05:09,479 Speaker 1: of the bike. You can hurt yourself. But miraculously, almost 96 00:05:09,880 --> 00:05:12,360 Speaker 1: it seems pretty stable. And I remember discovering this as 97 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:14,640 Speaker 1: a kid, that you could ride your bike without holding 98 00:05:14,640 --> 00:05:17,920 Speaker 1: onto the handlebars because at high speeds it's so stable. Yeah, 99 00:05:17,960 --> 00:05:20,640 Speaker 1: wearing a helmet though, right, we should probably wearing a helmet, 100 00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:23,039 Speaker 1: and it's only you know, off the street. Of course, 101 00:05:23,279 --> 00:05:26,080 Speaker 1: never ride with without holding the handlebars on the street 102 00:05:26,080 --> 00:05:31,680 Speaker 1: because you could cause an accident or or okay, that's right. Actually, 103 00:05:31,680 --> 00:05:34,640 Speaker 1: my dad used to commute to work on a bicycle, 104 00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:36,920 Speaker 1: and we lived up in the mountains in New Mexico, 105 00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:39,400 Speaker 1: and so he could get pretty snowy, and I remember 106 00:05:39,480 --> 00:05:43,359 Speaker 1: that he would put um nails and studs in his 107 00:05:43,400 --> 00:05:46,520 Speaker 1: wheels on purpose, like sticking out so that he could 108 00:05:46,520 --> 00:05:49,960 Speaker 1: grip the ice. Yeah, he was a pretty hardcore commute 109 00:05:49,960 --> 00:05:51,479 Speaker 1: commute to work. He was like, I'm going to commute 110 00:05:51,520 --> 00:05:53,880 Speaker 1: to work no matter what the weather is. Sounds like 111 00:05:53,880 --> 00:05:57,880 Speaker 1: a Matt Mag's modification there. Yeah. I asked him once 112 00:05:57,920 --> 00:05:59,400 Speaker 1: if it was good for the ice, and he said, actually, 113 00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:03,760 Speaker 1: it's pretty good for pedestrians too. Let's getting for clearing 114 00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:09,240 Speaker 1: the road on pedescans exactly exactly. Um, yeah, so we 115 00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:12,680 Speaker 1: understand that, but we don't understand why bikes stand up. Yeah, 116 00:06:12,720 --> 00:06:14,520 Speaker 1: it's kind of a mystery. You write it, and uh, 117 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:16,280 Speaker 1: I mean you do. You're doing a lot of the 118 00:06:16,520 --> 00:06:20,760 Speaker 1: balancing with your handlebars, right, But a lot of the 119 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:23,120 Speaker 1: balancing and staying up is kind of done for you 120 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:25,440 Speaker 1: when you're riding a bicycle. Yeah, that's right. A lot 121 00:06:25,440 --> 00:06:27,520 Speaker 1: of it is done for you. And I think there's 122 00:06:27,520 --> 00:06:30,159 Speaker 1: also a fascinating area there where your brain has like 123 00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:34,839 Speaker 1: incorporated the mechanics of a bicycle into your into itself. Right. 124 00:06:34,880 --> 00:06:36,760 Speaker 1: It's like learning how to ride a bike is basically 125 00:06:36,839 --> 00:06:39,760 Speaker 1: learning how to map where you want the bike to 126 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:41,560 Speaker 1: go to, how to how to move your hands and 127 00:06:41,880 --> 00:06:44,480 Speaker 1: shift your weight, etcetera to ride the bike. Right. It's 128 00:06:44,480 --> 00:06:47,160 Speaker 1: amazing seeing seeing a kid learn to do that. It's 129 00:06:47,320 --> 00:06:50,360 Speaker 1: really complicated thing. Like imagine a robot learning to ride 130 00:06:50,360 --> 00:06:53,200 Speaker 1: a bicycle. That's a really hard task. That's something that 131 00:06:53,279 --> 00:06:56,560 Speaker 1: robots still can't do because it's very counterintuitive, right to 132 00:06:56,640 --> 00:06:59,360 Speaker 1: ride a bicycle. Yeah, that's right. I mean like if 133 00:06:59,360 --> 00:07:01,480 Speaker 1: you're starting to into the right, then you actually you'll 134 00:07:01,520 --> 00:07:05,320 Speaker 1: have to teach your body to turn the wheel towards 135 00:07:05,320 --> 00:07:08,159 Speaker 1: the right to balance, Yeah, exactly, And you have to 136 00:07:08,240 --> 00:07:09,880 Speaker 1: lean the just the right way, and sometimes you have 137 00:07:09,920 --> 00:07:14,080 Speaker 1: to lean left to turn right. You can get pretty complicated. Um. 138 00:07:14,120 --> 00:07:16,680 Speaker 1: It's sort of in its most extreme form in those 139 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:20,320 Speaker 1: crazy motorcycle races. You see those guys whizzing around turns 140 00:07:20,440 --> 00:07:23,160 Speaker 1: like a hundred something miles an hour and their bikes 141 00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:25,920 Speaker 1: are leaning so far over that their knees almost scrape 142 00:07:25,960 --> 00:07:29,560 Speaker 1: the ground. Right. But basically, if you're at home, and 143 00:07:29,600 --> 00:07:31,680 Speaker 1: maybe you don't have a lot of experience of bicycles 144 00:07:31,720 --> 00:07:35,040 Speaker 1: and trying this experiment at home. Borrow a bicycle or 145 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:38,240 Speaker 1: if you have one, take it out and then hold 146 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:40,600 Speaker 1: it out either on the street or on the sidewalk, 147 00:07:40,800 --> 00:07:43,320 Speaker 1: or maybe ideally kind of in a little bit of 148 00:07:43,320 --> 00:07:45,600 Speaker 1: a downhill, and then just give it a big push 149 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:48,920 Speaker 1: forward and you'll see that the bike keeps going straight. 150 00:07:48,920 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: It doesn't immediately fall over exactly. And so that's the 151 00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:55,160 Speaker 1: topic we want to address today. Why does the bike 152 00:07:55,400 --> 00:07:59,040 Speaker 1: stay up? And so before we dug into it, I thought, well, 153 00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:01,520 Speaker 1: let's find out what people think. Let's see what people 154 00:08:01,560 --> 00:08:04,360 Speaker 1: think the answer might be. Yeah, so you went to 155 00:08:04,480 --> 00:08:08,840 Speaker 1: your local mecca of bicycles right at college campus. That's right, 156 00:08:09,480 --> 00:08:12,920 Speaker 1: that's right, and asked people on the street. Actually, today's 157 00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:16,320 Speaker 1: a sort of a special edition because this quarter at 158 00:08:16,320 --> 00:08:21,000 Speaker 1: you see Irvine, I'm teaching freshman physics, which is mechanics, 159 00:08:21,080 --> 00:08:24,360 Speaker 1: And the week before we did these interviews, I just 160 00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:28,640 Speaker 1: taught about rotation incular momentum, and so my students were 161 00:08:28,680 --> 00:08:31,640 Speaker 1: primed for this topic, and so I asked students in 162 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:34,640 Speaker 1: my freshman physics class this question. So the interviews you'll 163 00:08:34,720 --> 00:08:37,839 Speaker 1: hear are with students in my class. Cool. So think 164 00:08:37,840 --> 00:08:39,600 Speaker 1: for a moment and if you think you know the 165 00:08:39,600 --> 00:08:42,880 Speaker 1: answer why a bicycle stays upright? So think about it 166 00:08:42,880 --> 00:08:46,000 Speaker 1: for a second and then listen to these answers. Here's 167 00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:49,760 Speaker 1: what they had to say. Why does a bicycle balance? Oh, 168 00:08:49,840 --> 00:08:52,480 Speaker 1: you have to get the motion going. You gotta get 169 00:08:52,800 --> 00:08:58,760 Speaker 1: you know, centrifugal forces. You gotta get your back are 170 00:08:58,800 --> 00:09:03,559 Speaker 1: your physics professor, And definitely not. Would it be because 171 00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:06,280 Speaker 1: since there's two wheels like the force, and one goes 172 00:09:06,320 --> 00:09:09,360 Speaker 1: to thegether, that's why it still keeps going forward. Something 173 00:09:09,400 --> 00:09:16,920 Speaker 1: like that. Okay, thanks, umws. There's a talk from the 174 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:22,720 Speaker 1: tire um way we're rotated, the talk of support the rotation. 175 00:09:22,960 --> 00:09:26,600 Speaker 1: It's sort okay because it's is it because it's moving? 176 00:09:27,280 --> 00:09:30,520 Speaker 1: Chance because like a loane like standing up and want it. 177 00:09:30,960 --> 00:09:34,360 Speaker 1: They want to like stand up by itself. So I'm 178 00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:39,840 Speaker 1: not sure. Actually I'm not exactly sure, but I'm thinking 179 00:09:39,880 --> 00:09:42,240 Speaker 1: it has something to do with maybe cent tripital forces. 180 00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:46,800 Speaker 1: The fact that there's constantly like pushing in or like 181 00:09:46,960 --> 00:09:49,920 Speaker 1: towards the center of the bicycle wheels, so as opposed 182 00:09:49,960 --> 00:09:52,440 Speaker 1: to where it's not rotating. It's kind of unstable because 183 00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:55,200 Speaker 1: it doesn't have any like other points of contact. I 184 00:09:55,240 --> 00:09:57,960 Speaker 1: think that this has to do with either the angular 185 00:09:57,960 --> 00:10:01,360 Speaker 1: momentum or rotational inertia the bi So if something is 186 00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:04,439 Speaker 1: rotating like a gyroscope, because of its angular momentum, you 187 00:10:04,520 --> 00:10:08,360 Speaker 1: will continue to rotate more easily rather than starting or 188 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:12,839 Speaker 1: stopping it from rotating. Great, thanks very much, by I 189 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:17,400 Speaker 1: was moving wise because you're Jesus Christ. It's not because 190 00:10:17,400 --> 00:10:22,760 Speaker 1: of Jesus Christ. Um, I have no idea. Thanks all right. 191 00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:27,319 Speaker 1: So where are you impressed with your students or none impressed? Um? 192 00:10:27,360 --> 00:10:30,040 Speaker 1: I think the scores on the final tell you how 193 00:10:30,080 --> 00:10:32,960 Speaker 1: impressed I should be with these students. Um. Yeah, they 194 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:35,880 Speaker 1: seem pretty perplexed, like they could not really apply the 195 00:10:35,920 --> 00:10:40,319 Speaker 1: concepts of rotation and anglad momentum to this topic. Um. 196 00:10:40,360 --> 00:10:42,920 Speaker 1: I like how they one of them, even God religious 197 00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:49,400 Speaker 1: di went like Jesus Christ, I don't even know. Um, 198 00:10:49,400 --> 00:10:51,839 Speaker 1: it's tricky. Yeah, it turns out it to be tricky. Um. 199 00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:54,679 Speaker 1: But a few folks, you know, repeated what I think 200 00:10:54,679 --> 00:10:57,320 Speaker 1: a lot of people imagine is the answer, which is 201 00:10:57,360 --> 00:11:00,320 Speaker 1: anglar momentum. Yeah. A lot of people think, oh, it's 202 00:11:00,320 --> 00:11:03,679 Speaker 1: some gyroscope effect, some conservation of angular momentum. Maybe they 203 00:11:03,679 --> 00:11:05,480 Speaker 1: haven't worked through the details in their mind, but that's 204 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:08,559 Speaker 1: sort of the most common answer. Yeah, I imagine a 205 00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:10,960 Speaker 1: lot of people listen to this podcast. You know, you've 206 00:11:10,960 --> 00:11:14,120 Speaker 1: probably read a few science books maybe or are into signs, 207 00:11:14,120 --> 00:11:16,160 Speaker 1: and you probably think you know the answer. And I 208 00:11:16,280 --> 00:11:18,439 Speaker 1: imagine most people think it's has something to do with 209 00:11:18,600 --> 00:11:21,640 Speaker 1: angular momentum. And so before you click off because you 210 00:11:21,640 --> 00:11:23,120 Speaker 1: think you know the answer, you should know that the 211 00:11:23,160 --> 00:11:28,640 Speaker 1: answer is not angular momentum. You just gave it away. Well, 212 00:11:28,679 --> 00:11:31,040 Speaker 1: I just don't want it to click away. That's right, 213 00:11:31,480 --> 00:11:35,240 Speaker 1: keep listening. Trust us more to it than just angular momentum. 214 00:11:35,440 --> 00:11:36,920 Speaker 1: I mean, it's not even close. It's it's not like 215 00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:40,080 Speaker 1: the dominating factor and why bicycles stay up right. Yeah, 216 00:11:40,080 --> 00:11:42,280 Speaker 1: that's right. But let's stick into a little bit. Let's 217 00:11:42,320 --> 00:11:45,440 Speaker 1: talk about what angle momentum is, how contributes to bikes 218 00:11:45,440 --> 00:11:47,800 Speaker 1: staying upright, and then what else is going on? But 219 00:11:47,920 --> 00:12:05,320 Speaker 1: first a quick break, what exactly is angular momentum? Yeah, 220 00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:07,240 Speaker 1: so let's do it one step a time. Let's just 221 00:12:07,320 --> 00:12:09,760 Speaker 1: make sure we have clear in our heads what momentum is, 222 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:13,400 Speaker 1: and then we'll extrapolate from that to angular momentum. Right. 223 00:12:13,440 --> 00:12:16,320 Speaker 1: So momentum is just you know, the property of some 224 00:12:16,440 --> 00:12:20,160 Speaker 1: object to keep going when you've pushed it, or to 225 00:12:21,120 --> 00:12:23,440 Speaker 1: you know, not go when you haven't pushed it. It's 226 00:12:23,480 --> 00:12:26,800 Speaker 1: you know, essentially it's the same as inertia, right, Like 227 00:12:26,840 --> 00:12:29,640 Speaker 1: if you if you've got something going, it doesn't let's 228 00:12:29,679 --> 00:12:32,400 Speaker 1: keep it going that it wants to keep going. Yeah, exactly. 229 00:12:32,880 --> 00:12:35,679 Speaker 1: So we say momentum is conserved. That just means if 230 00:12:35,679 --> 00:12:38,080 Speaker 1: something is moving, right, it has a certain amount of momentum. 231 00:12:38,240 --> 00:12:40,640 Speaker 1: That momentum is not going to change unless you apply 232 00:12:40,679 --> 00:12:43,480 Speaker 1: a force to it, right, And that's really what forces are. 233 00:12:43,559 --> 00:12:47,120 Speaker 1: Forces are changes in momentum. And so momentum is just 234 00:12:47,200 --> 00:12:50,000 Speaker 1: this property is something if it's moving, it like sustained movement, 235 00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:52,360 Speaker 1: and it comes it's connected to inertia. It comes from 236 00:12:52,360 --> 00:12:56,040 Speaker 1: the inertia. The mathematical expression for momentum is mass, which 237 00:12:56,080 --> 00:13:00,000 Speaker 1: is inertia times velocity. Right, So something with more mass 238 00:13:00,040 --> 00:13:03,320 Speaker 1: has more inertia and therefore more momentum for the same velocity. 239 00:13:03,440 --> 00:13:05,360 Speaker 1: And that's the weird thing about the universe. Right, Like 240 00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:09,160 Speaker 1: I was talking to a pretty um high level physicism. 241 00:13:09,200 --> 00:13:11,120 Speaker 1: They were saying that we don't really know kind of 242 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:14,000 Speaker 1: what inertia on. Hold on, you talked to other high levels. 243 00:13:14,800 --> 00:13:18,360 Speaker 1: I'm finding out about this on the podcast What Physics 244 00:13:18,400 --> 00:13:21,880 Speaker 1: Cheating on You? Daniel. Well, okay, I'm putting on my 245 00:13:21,920 --> 00:13:26,480 Speaker 1: two day list, find other cartoonists to talk to. Technically 246 00:13:26,559 --> 00:13:29,760 Speaker 1: happened while we were while we were on a break, Daniel, So, um, 247 00:13:30,040 --> 00:13:35,360 Speaker 1: it's not okay, alright, find flaunch your relationship with other physicists. 248 00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:37,480 Speaker 1: Go ahead, ahead, doesn't hurt my feelings at all. Go ahead. 249 00:13:38,120 --> 00:13:43,319 Speaker 1: It happened before we signed a contract together. Um, but no, no, 250 00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:46,400 Speaker 1: this was this was a lamb gross. He's like the 251 00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:49,520 Speaker 1: one of the head physicist at CERN, right, he is 252 00:13:49,559 --> 00:13:52,920 Speaker 1: a prominent member of the Atlas collaboration and a serious 253 00:13:52,960 --> 00:13:55,280 Speaker 1: Higgs physicists. Yeah, so he's thought a lot about mass. 254 00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:58,120 Speaker 1: That's probably where you're going, he said. Physicists don't really 255 00:13:58,160 --> 00:14:01,000 Speaker 1: know what inertia is, Like why I do things keep 256 00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:04,040 Speaker 1: going the way if you don't apply a course of them. Yeah, 257 00:14:04,080 --> 00:14:06,680 Speaker 1: you're right, it's an observation. Right. We call these things 258 00:14:06,760 --> 00:14:09,520 Speaker 1: laws sometimes as if we like know why they happen 259 00:14:09,640 --> 00:14:11,480 Speaker 1: or why the universe works this way. But a lot 260 00:14:11,520 --> 00:14:14,240 Speaker 1: of times, it's just observation. We're like, well, we noticed this, 261 00:14:14,640 --> 00:14:17,080 Speaker 1: and we'll be able to describe it mathematically and write 262 00:14:17,080 --> 00:14:19,640 Speaker 1: it down. That doesn't mean we know why, right, It 263 00:14:19,720 --> 00:14:22,240 Speaker 1: doesn't mean we couldn't imagine the universe that was different. 264 00:14:22,520 --> 00:14:25,640 Speaker 1: So we don't know why things have inertia. Right. We 265 00:14:25,760 --> 00:14:28,600 Speaker 1: have the Higgs boson, which tells us how things get mass, 266 00:14:28,920 --> 00:14:30,920 Speaker 1: and that tells us where mass comes from. But we 267 00:14:30,960 --> 00:14:33,440 Speaker 1: don't know why mass means inertia, right, We don't know 268 00:14:33,840 --> 00:14:36,160 Speaker 1: how that all works, or like why if we have 269 00:14:36,240 --> 00:14:40,840 Speaker 1: more mass it's harder to stop and or to get going. Yeah, exactly. 270 00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:44,000 Speaker 1: Deep mystery of the universe such a basic question. We 271 00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:46,840 Speaker 1: don't even know how to test it or grapple with it, right, 272 00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:48,440 Speaker 1: So it's just one of those things we just sort 273 00:14:48,440 --> 00:14:51,280 Speaker 1: of accept and move on, and maybe someday somebody's going 274 00:14:51,320 --> 00:14:54,400 Speaker 1: to figure it out, probably by like poking some other mystery, 275 00:14:54,760 --> 00:14:56,720 Speaker 1: maybe even by trying to solve the mystery of an 276 00:14:56,720 --> 00:15:00,360 Speaker 1: everyday object that's around us. Yeah, like the bicycle. Yeah, 277 00:15:00,440 --> 00:15:03,680 Speaker 1: that's why it's important to never let go of mysteries, right, 278 00:15:03,720 --> 00:15:06,920 Speaker 1: even things that seem mundane, right, blenders and bicycles and 279 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:09,800 Speaker 1: whatever they can hide secrets to the universe. I mean, 280 00:15:09,840 --> 00:15:12,400 Speaker 1: the unicycle, that's all news. But the bicycles where the 281 00:15:12,760 --> 00:15:21,760 Speaker 1: frontier of sciences that that's right, all right, So that's momentum, right. 282 00:15:21,800 --> 00:15:25,000 Speaker 1: People are pretty familiar with momentum. Well, there's another kind 283 00:15:25,040 --> 00:15:27,840 Speaker 1: of momentum, right, Things like to keep moving forward if 284 00:15:27,880 --> 00:15:30,640 Speaker 1: you've pushed them. Things also like to keep spinning, right, 285 00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:32,960 Speaker 1: And that's what we call angular momentum. And this is 286 00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:35,120 Speaker 1: one of my favorite tricks in physics. It's like, let's 287 00:15:35,120 --> 00:15:38,320 Speaker 1: be lazy. Let's not describe something new and with a 288 00:15:38,360 --> 00:15:41,280 Speaker 1: whole new concept. Let's just extrapolate from something else we 289 00:15:41,320 --> 00:15:44,480 Speaker 1: already know. So we have this concept of linear momentum, 290 00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:46,960 Speaker 1: and let's just use the same kind of stuff, the 291 00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:50,880 Speaker 1: same ideas to describe spinning, right. And I think it 292 00:15:51,120 --> 00:15:54,120 Speaker 1: was something that I would always find interesting, is that 293 00:15:54,240 --> 00:15:57,600 Speaker 1: anger momentum is kind of just linear momentum. But if 294 00:15:57,600 --> 00:15:59,840 Speaker 1: you apply to things that are kind of connected to 295 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:02,320 Speaker 1: each other, right, Like a wheel is really just a 296 00:16:02,320 --> 00:16:05,040 Speaker 1: bunch of atoms stuck together. A wheel is a bunch 297 00:16:05,080 --> 00:16:07,200 Speaker 1: of atoms stuck together. Yes, I can confirm that here 298 00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:10,040 Speaker 1: on the show. I'm getting an update. Yes, yes, yes, 299 00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:14,520 Speaker 1: that's true. The experiment checkt. But what I mean is 300 00:16:14,560 --> 00:16:16,920 Speaker 1: like the angular momentum of a wheel is really just 301 00:16:16,960 --> 00:16:20,320 Speaker 1: a linear momentum of all the particles inside of it, 302 00:16:20,360 --> 00:16:25,400 Speaker 1: but because they're connected together, it sort of becomes becomes 303 00:16:25,440 --> 00:16:28,800 Speaker 1: almost something else. Yeah, that's right. You have all these objects. 304 00:16:28,840 --> 00:16:30,000 Speaker 1: You can think of a wheel is they're just a 305 00:16:30,040 --> 00:16:32,960 Speaker 1: bunch of atoms. But if the atoms weren't connected to 306 00:16:32,960 --> 00:16:36,080 Speaker 1: each other when you spun it, then it wouldn't hold together, right, 307 00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:38,600 Speaker 1: And so it's the bonds between the atoms that hold 308 00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:41,120 Speaker 1: them together. They think of like you know the moon 309 00:16:41,200 --> 00:16:43,440 Speaker 1: going around the Earth, right, why does it move in 310 00:16:43,480 --> 00:16:45,520 Speaker 1: a circle. It moves in a circle because there's a 311 00:16:45,560 --> 00:16:48,360 Speaker 1: force that forces gravity that keeps it from just flying 312 00:16:48,400 --> 00:16:50,840 Speaker 1: off into space. So in the case of the wheel, 313 00:16:51,240 --> 00:16:53,240 Speaker 1: why do the bits of the wheels stay together and 314 00:16:53,240 --> 00:16:55,360 Speaker 1: not just fly off. It's because the atoms are holding 315 00:16:55,440 --> 00:16:58,120 Speaker 1: them together. So, yeah, there's forces they're moving it in 316 00:16:58,160 --> 00:17:00,800 Speaker 1: a circle. But like all things, as you can, you 317 00:17:00,840 --> 00:17:03,040 Speaker 1: can describe it in different levels. Right, you can describe 318 00:17:03,040 --> 00:17:04,679 Speaker 1: it as a single wheel, you can describe it as 319 00:17:04,840 --> 00:17:08,600 Speaker 1: eleven d billion particles. Right. The physics should work in 320 00:17:08,680 --> 00:17:11,760 Speaker 1: every case. It's just sometimes the math is really hairy, 321 00:17:11,760 --> 00:17:14,240 Speaker 1: and sometimes the math is really simple, and so the 322 00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:18,040 Speaker 1: end result is that it behaves as if the spinning 323 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:21,280 Speaker 1: was like linear momentum. Right, you spin it, it's going 324 00:17:21,320 --> 00:17:24,600 Speaker 1: to keep spinning in space for forever unless you slow 325 00:17:24,640 --> 00:17:27,119 Speaker 1: it down or apply some force or torque to it. 326 00:17:27,359 --> 00:17:30,359 Speaker 1: That's right. Angular momentum is also conserved, right, So if 327 00:17:30,359 --> 00:17:32,879 Speaker 1: something is spinning, it's going to keep spinning until you 328 00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:36,920 Speaker 1: apply the rotational version of force, which we call torque. Right. 329 00:17:37,400 --> 00:17:40,840 Speaker 1: And so that's why, for example, the Moon doesn't fall 330 00:17:40,880 --> 00:17:44,320 Speaker 1: into the Earth right because it has too much angular momentum. Right. 331 00:17:44,640 --> 00:17:47,360 Speaker 1: That's why the solar system hasn't collapsed into a black 332 00:17:47,440 --> 00:17:50,760 Speaker 1: hole because the spinning keeps it from falling in right, 333 00:17:51,320 --> 00:17:54,360 Speaker 1: and so, um, there's lots of consequences of anglid momentum 334 00:17:54,359 --> 00:17:56,560 Speaker 1: and the conservation of angle momentum. So it's definitely a thing. 335 00:17:56,840 --> 00:17:59,160 Speaker 1: Plays a big role in the shape and the structure 336 00:17:59,240 --> 00:18:01,760 Speaker 1: of our of the un verse and our everyday lives. Right. 337 00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:04,679 Speaker 1: So angle momentum is definitely a thing. And it seems 338 00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:07,360 Speaker 1: relevant to the bicycle because the bicycle has big spinning 339 00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:10,720 Speaker 1: things on it, right, right, and angler momentum is also 340 00:18:10,760 --> 00:18:13,719 Speaker 1: kind of different. Not just that it's hard to speed up, 341 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:16,000 Speaker 1: horror slow down when something is spinning in space, but 342 00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:19,520 Speaker 1: it's kind of hard to change the orientation of it. Right, 343 00:18:19,520 --> 00:18:22,199 Speaker 1: When when something is spinning like a wheel out in space, 344 00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:25,679 Speaker 1: it's kind of hard. It likes to be It likesly 345 00:18:25,680 --> 00:18:27,719 Speaker 1: not just keep spinning, but it likes to keep spinning 346 00:18:27,800 --> 00:18:30,760 Speaker 1: in that direction, that's right. Angler momentum is to find 347 00:18:31,040 --> 00:18:34,840 Speaker 1: along a spin access, right, And just like if you 348 00:18:34,880 --> 00:18:36,600 Speaker 1: push something in a certain direction, it likes to go, 349 00:18:36,800 --> 00:18:39,880 Speaker 1: not just in any direction, but in that direction. If 350 00:18:39,880 --> 00:18:42,640 Speaker 1: you spin something, then it likes to keep spinning around 351 00:18:42,640 --> 00:18:45,280 Speaker 1: the same access of rotation that it started. Yeah, like 352 00:18:45,359 --> 00:18:48,399 Speaker 1: around the same line that goes through the hub of 353 00:18:48,440 --> 00:18:50,960 Speaker 1: the wheel. Yeah, exactly. And so if you have it 354 00:18:51,080 --> 00:18:53,879 Speaker 1: spinning one way and you wanted to spin the other way, right, 355 00:18:53,920 --> 00:18:56,240 Speaker 1: that takes a lot of torque. Or if you have 356 00:18:56,280 --> 00:18:58,320 Speaker 1: it spinning in one direction and you want it spinning 357 00:18:58,320 --> 00:19:00,920 Speaker 1: around an access that's like a rotated by ninety degrees, 358 00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:04,440 Speaker 1: that also takes a lot of torque. Right. So yeah, 359 00:19:04,480 --> 00:19:06,080 Speaker 1: it's not just that it spins. You already likes to 360 00:19:06,080 --> 00:19:08,160 Speaker 1: spin in the same direction. And so that's why people 361 00:19:08,280 --> 00:19:11,879 Speaker 1: assume that's the reason bikes tape upwards, is that up 362 00:19:11,880 --> 00:19:17,960 Speaker 1: boards up right right, upright right, yeah, yeah, exactly, because 363 00:19:17,960 --> 00:19:20,040 Speaker 1: you imagine that this has an application of the bicycle 364 00:19:20,119 --> 00:19:22,240 Speaker 1: that the wheels are spinning, and so the wheels have 365 00:19:22,280 --> 00:19:25,040 Speaker 1: angular momentum, and then the momentum is around the axis 366 00:19:25,119 --> 00:19:27,960 Speaker 1: or the hub around which the wheels are spinning. And 367 00:19:28,040 --> 00:19:31,439 Speaker 1: so if um, if the bike just goes in the 368 00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:34,920 Speaker 1: same direction, then it's going to resist falling over because 369 00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:38,080 Speaker 1: it has some angular momentum around that access. And for 370 00:19:38,240 --> 00:19:40,840 Speaker 1: that for the wheels to spin in another direction would 371 00:19:40,840 --> 00:19:43,040 Speaker 1: require some sort of torque. And it's kind of like 372 00:19:43,119 --> 00:19:46,320 Speaker 1: if you just take one wheel and you roll it 373 00:19:46,359 --> 00:19:49,600 Speaker 1: down the hill or roll it down the street, it's 374 00:19:49,640 --> 00:19:52,119 Speaker 1: gonna mostly stay upright, you know, kind of like a 375 00:19:52,119 --> 00:19:54,840 Speaker 1: coin when you coin plus a coin or roll a 376 00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:56,520 Speaker 1: coin on the table, it just kind of likes to 377 00:19:56,600 --> 00:19:59,080 Speaker 1: keep rolling and stay upright. Yeah. And you can see 378 00:19:59,080 --> 00:20:00,720 Speaker 1: this effect in lots of other of things in your life, 379 00:20:00,760 --> 00:20:02,679 Speaker 1: like if you ever if you ever have like a 380 00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:06,080 Speaker 1: spinning top, right, you know, you can spin a top 381 00:20:06,119 --> 00:20:08,080 Speaker 1: and it will stay upright, and it can even like 382 00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:10,879 Speaker 1: do crazy things like, you know, move you can balance 383 00:20:10,920 --> 00:20:13,520 Speaker 1: it on the tip of your finger, right, um, stuff 384 00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:16,320 Speaker 1: like that. You can never balance a top that wasn't 385 00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:18,920 Speaker 1: spinning on your finger unless you're some sort of magician 386 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:21,399 Speaker 1: or juggler. But if it's spinning, then it's really pretty 387 00:20:21,400 --> 00:20:23,760 Speaker 1: easy to keep it on your finger. And that's because 388 00:20:23,760 --> 00:20:27,480 Speaker 1: it resists changing its direction because the angle momentum is 389 00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:30,560 Speaker 1: going in a certain direction already. Right, It's the same thing. 390 00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:33,199 Speaker 1: The same effect is in play for the bicycle. And 391 00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:36,080 Speaker 1: if you are a few too too many levels into 392 00:20:36,080 --> 00:20:40,160 Speaker 1: your inception dream, then the top which just keep spinning forever. Right, 393 00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:42,960 Speaker 1: that's right, yeah, exactly, um. And so what happens on 394 00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:45,879 Speaker 1: a bicycle While on a bicycle, for example, if your 395 00:20:45,880 --> 00:20:50,359 Speaker 1: bicycle starts to fall over, right, then the gyroscope effect 396 00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:53,480 Speaker 1: is essentially going to turn the wheel. It's going to 397 00:20:53,560 --> 00:20:55,720 Speaker 1: turn the wheel a little bit in the direction that 398 00:20:55,760 --> 00:20:58,159 Speaker 1: the bike is falling, and that will keep the bike stable. 399 00:20:58,640 --> 00:21:01,160 Speaker 1: So it's not like the gyroscope of keeps the bike 400 00:21:01,200 --> 00:21:04,240 Speaker 1: from leaning over. It's more that it it turns the 401 00:21:04,280 --> 00:21:06,600 Speaker 1: wheel in such a way that if the bike does 402 00:21:06,640 --> 00:21:10,679 Speaker 1: start to lean over, it corrects itself. Right. If you 403 00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:13,320 Speaker 1: if it falls over the right. Then the forces work 404 00:21:13,359 --> 00:21:16,159 Speaker 1: out just the right way so that the bike the 405 00:21:16,200 --> 00:21:19,119 Speaker 1: bike um turn, the wheel turns to the right, and 406 00:21:19,160 --> 00:21:21,359 Speaker 1: then the bike stays up right. Well, I mean that's 407 00:21:21,400 --> 00:21:24,600 Speaker 1: what happens when you're the anglo momentum thing is what 408 00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:27,800 Speaker 1: happens when you just toss one wheel down the street, right, 409 00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:31,640 Speaker 1: Anglo momentum is keeping that one wheel upward. But you're 410 00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:33,760 Speaker 1: saying that when I put two of them together on 411 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:36,159 Speaker 1: a bicycle, that's not the main thing that's keeping the 412 00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:39,000 Speaker 1: bicycle up up right. Right, Well, I'm saying that the 413 00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:42,640 Speaker 1: gyroscope effect, this anglementum does have a role in keeping 414 00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:44,840 Speaker 1: the bike up right, like you said, for a single wheel, 415 00:21:45,400 --> 00:21:48,320 Speaker 1: but it turns out they did some studies and it's 416 00:21:48,359 --> 00:21:51,359 Speaker 1: not enough. Right there, effect is there, it's real, but 417 00:21:51,400 --> 00:21:54,200 Speaker 1: it's not enough to keep a bicycle upright. And it 418 00:21:54,320 --> 00:21:56,080 Speaker 1: kind of makes sense. I mean, the wheel is not 419 00:21:56,200 --> 00:21:59,240 Speaker 1: very heavy on a bicycle and it doesn't go that fast, 420 00:21:59,359 --> 00:22:02,879 Speaker 1: so it's not a huge amount of momentum that like 421 00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:04,879 Speaker 1: if you like if you just take a bicycle and 422 00:22:04,920 --> 00:22:09,200 Speaker 1: you lock the steering wheel, meaning you can't steer it, 423 00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:11,199 Speaker 1: or like if you just connect two wheels with a 424 00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:15,280 Speaker 1: bar and toss it down the street. It would keep going, 425 00:22:15,280 --> 00:22:17,560 Speaker 1: but it wouldn't keep going upright as far as a 426 00:22:17,560 --> 00:22:20,639 Speaker 1: bicycle would. R's right exactly. The front wheel has to 427 00:22:20,680 --> 00:22:24,040 Speaker 1: be free to make these corrections right so that the 428 00:22:24,080 --> 00:22:26,480 Speaker 1: gyroscope effect and the other effects will talk about in 429 00:22:26,520 --> 00:22:29,679 Speaker 1: a minute can correct, the can can turn the wheel 430 00:22:29,760 --> 00:22:32,639 Speaker 1: to correct for any leaning. That's the key to staying upright. 431 00:22:32,840 --> 00:22:34,720 Speaker 1: That if you start to lean, you want to turn 432 00:22:34,760 --> 00:22:37,240 Speaker 1: the wheel. Like imagine you're riding a bike and you 433 00:22:37,280 --> 00:22:38,879 Speaker 1: start to fall over to the left. What are you 434 00:22:38,880 --> 00:22:40,600 Speaker 1: gonna do? Well, if you turn the wheel a little 435 00:22:40,600 --> 00:22:42,240 Speaker 1: bit to the left, then you're sort of going to 436 00:22:42,480 --> 00:22:45,760 Speaker 1: ride into it and you'll stabilize. If you turn the 437 00:22:45,760 --> 00:22:47,440 Speaker 1: wheel to the right, then you're just gonna fall over. 438 00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:50,399 Speaker 1: So the key to to keep staying up righting a 439 00:22:50,400 --> 00:22:52,920 Speaker 1: bicycle is that the front wheel turns in the direction 440 00:22:52,960 --> 00:22:56,840 Speaker 1: that you're falling. Okay, so that's um, hold on, I 441 00:22:56,880 --> 00:22:59,800 Speaker 1: think I just fell off my bike. You're mainly mental, 442 00:22:59,840 --> 00:23:03,320 Speaker 1: by I hope you're wearing a helmet. That's wearing a 443 00:23:03,320 --> 00:23:06,360 Speaker 1: mental helmet. Well, let's let's get let's really dig into 444 00:23:06,400 --> 00:23:08,080 Speaker 1: it to sound I'm a bit confused, but we'll get 445 00:23:08,119 --> 00:23:23,280 Speaker 1: into it, but first let's take a quick break. Okay, 446 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:25,520 Speaker 1: So Daniel, we know that we're trying to figure out 447 00:23:25,520 --> 00:23:29,800 Speaker 1: why bicycles stay upright, and we know that angler momentum 448 00:23:29,840 --> 00:23:32,600 Speaker 1: has something to do with it, but it's not, um, 449 00:23:32,680 --> 00:23:35,760 Speaker 1: you're telling me, it's not the main factor wise bicycles 450 00:23:35,800 --> 00:23:37,920 Speaker 1: stay upright. Yeah, that's right. And they did this really 451 00:23:37,960 --> 00:23:40,720 Speaker 1: cool experiment to discover that. They said, can we build 452 00:23:40,760 --> 00:23:44,160 Speaker 1: a bicycle that doesn't have angler momentum? I think that's 453 00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:47,040 Speaker 1: impossible because the bike has a spinning wheel and that's 454 00:23:47,040 --> 00:23:49,679 Speaker 1: definitely gonna have angle momentum. So what they did was 455 00:23:49,720 --> 00:23:52,679 Speaker 1: they built a bike with two more wheels, right, and 456 00:23:52,720 --> 00:23:55,680 Speaker 1: these wheels spin the other way. Okay, it's a crazy 457 00:23:55,720 --> 00:23:58,600 Speaker 1: looking bicycle, but you know if you attach if you 458 00:23:58,640 --> 00:24:01,320 Speaker 1: put two wheels together and one spinings clockwise and the 459 00:24:01,320 --> 00:24:03,800 Speaker 1: other one's going to spin counterclockwise right because of the 460 00:24:03,800 --> 00:24:07,560 Speaker 1: way they rub. And so if you just attach two 461 00:24:07,600 --> 00:24:10,600 Speaker 1: more wheels that touch the original wheels, then they're going 462 00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:13,480 Speaker 1: to spin the opposite way, which gives the opposite angleid 463 00:24:13,520 --> 00:24:16,639 Speaker 1: momentum and the opposite gyroscope effect. So you basically have 464 00:24:16,720 --> 00:24:21,399 Speaker 1: a bicycle with no gyroscope effect, no angular momentum, or 465 00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:24,440 Speaker 1: like zero angular momentum, and so you would think that 466 00:24:24,760 --> 00:24:27,280 Speaker 1: it would just fall over, right, because kind of like 467 00:24:27,400 --> 00:24:29,879 Speaker 1: a bicycle, if you don't push it or anything and 468 00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:31,840 Speaker 1: just take your hands off it, it's going to fall 469 00:24:31,880 --> 00:24:34,320 Speaker 1: over because it doesn't have any angular momentum or it's 470 00:24:34,320 --> 00:24:37,439 Speaker 1: not going that's right. But the universe came up with 471 00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:40,080 Speaker 1: a surprise for us, right, which is why we do experiments. 472 00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:41,920 Speaker 1: This is why we don't just sit in a cave 473 00:24:41,960 --> 00:24:44,320 Speaker 1: somewhere like the Greeks and think about the universe. We 474 00:24:44,359 --> 00:24:46,639 Speaker 1: go out and test these ideas because the universe is 475 00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:49,280 Speaker 1: full of surprises. And it turns out that that bike 476 00:24:49,320 --> 00:24:52,640 Speaker 1: balance is almost as well as a normal bicycle, which 477 00:24:52,680 --> 00:24:55,520 Speaker 1: is like mind blowing it. For decades, people thought, oh, 478 00:24:55,560 --> 00:24:58,600 Speaker 1: it's anglid momentum, it's anglimentum, until somebody finally went out 479 00:24:58,600 --> 00:25:01,439 Speaker 1: there and did the experiment in checked. And you know, 480 00:25:01,480 --> 00:25:04,119 Speaker 1: another experiment you can do is you can shrink the wheels. Right, 481 00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:06,400 Speaker 1: if the wheels are really really small, like the size 482 00:25:06,440 --> 00:25:10,159 Speaker 1: of skateboard wheels or something, or roller blade wheels, then 483 00:25:10,200 --> 00:25:12,760 Speaker 1: they're gonna have much less angler momentum, and those bikes 484 00:25:12,800 --> 00:25:16,560 Speaker 1: are also pretty well balanced. They stay up, they still 485 00:25:16,560 --> 00:25:19,119 Speaker 1: stay up. So this sort of like blew up the 486 00:25:19,520 --> 00:25:21,879 Speaker 1: cold concept. People assume for a long time that it 487 00:25:21,920 --> 00:25:24,399 Speaker 1: was anglo momentum its gyroscope. I yeah, that makes sense, 488 00:25:24,760 --> 00:25:26,920 Speaker 1: but nobody really tried it for a while, and so 489 00:25:27,240 --> 00:25:30,199 Speaker 1: the people went out and did the experiments and turns out, Nope, 490 00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:33,480 Speaker 1: that's not the answer. Where there actually like physics conferences 491 00:25:33,720 --> 00:25:36,760 Speaker 1: around this topic. Yeah, somebody got a paper in science 492 00:25:36,840 --> 00:25:39,320 Speaker 1: about this. I mean this is a big deal. Yeah, 493 00:25:39,320 --> 00:25:42,000 Speaker 1: I mean talk about like low hanging fruit, right, I mean, 494 00:25:42,040 --> 00:25:44,800 Speaker 1: it's not that hard to build this bicycle. Um, you know, 495 00:25:44,960 --> 00:25:46,879 Speaker 1: you struggled in grad school for years and years. Did 496 00:25:46,920 --> 00:25:48,879 Speaker 1: you get a science paper? I didn't. I had to 497 00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:51,160 Speaker 1: work on a ten billion dollar collider. I still didn't 498 00:25:51,160 --> 00:25:53,920 Speaker 1: get a science paper. You can make a funky bicycle, 499 00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:56,360 Speaker 1: you know, with a hundred bucks and get enough information 500 00:25:56,400 --> 00:25:59,360 Speaker 1: for a science paper. That's so, somebody made a bicycle 501 00:25:59,440 --> 00:26:03,359 Speaker 1: with a angular momentum and it's still stay upright, Yeah, 502 00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:05,400 Speaker 1: it's still could balance. You could push it by itself 503 00:26:05,640 --> 00:26:07,800 Speaker 1: and it would it would have all those same behaviors. 504 00:26:07,920 --> 00:26:14,479 Speaker 1: It could balance by itself. Yeah, okay, so the secret 505 00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:17,399 Speaker 1: is something else about a bicycle. And you're telling me 506 00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:20,320 Speaker 1: a little bit earlier that the secret is this that 507 00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:23,359 Speaker 1: one of the wheels can move. The secret is definitely 508 00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:25,359 Speaker 1: you have to have the front wheel being able to move. 509 00:26:25,880 --> 00:26:29,560 Speaker 1: But and and there's lots of reasons why that's important, 510 00:26:29,600 --> 00:26:33,640 Speaker 1: and one of them is the the angle of the forks. Right, 511 00:26:34,200 --> 00:26:36,919 Speaker 1: So the forks of the thing on the whole, the 512 00:26:36,920 --> 00:26:39,200 Speaker 1: front wheel in place, right connected to the handlebars, that's 513 00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:42,960 Speaker 1: how you steer, and on most bikes, the angle of 514 00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:45,760 Speaker 1: the forks is forwards, right, so the wheel sets a 515 00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:48,320 Speaker 1: little bit in front of the handlebars. Yeah, it's it's 516 00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:50,760 Speaker 1: kind of curved forward, right, It's not like a straight 517 00:26:51,280 --> 00:26:54,800 Speaker 1: m fork down. It's kind of angled and it's it 518 00:26:54,880 --> 00:26:57,240 Speaker 1: kind of curves up. Yeah. And I always wondered why 519 00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:58,879 Speaker 1: that was. And I always thought, oh, that's just like 520 00:26:58,960 --> 00:27:01,679 Speaker 1: it looks cool or I don't know, it's sort of 521 00:27:01,800 --> 00:27:05,760 Speaker 1: a nice design or whatever, fancy, just like you know, 522 00:27:05,840 --> 00:27:10,359 Speaker 1: like a whimsy like a little whim whimsical touch. But no, 523 00:27:10,480 --> 00:27:12,919 Speaker 1: it turns out that's actually an ancient um part of 524 00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:14,840 Speaker 1: the design. Like if you look back at pictures of 525 00:27:14,920 --> 00:27:18,800 Speaker 1: old bicycles, even really old bicycles, have that sort of slant, 526 00:27:19,320 --> 00:27:22,440 Speaker 1: and the reason is that that also helps the bike 527 00:27:22,520 --> 00:27:25,640 Speaker 1: stay upright. You know, what it means is that the 528 00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:28,439 Speaker 1: axis that you're steering on right this the fork the 529 00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:31,800 Speaker 1: direction is in front of it hits the ground. A 530 00:27:32,200 --> 00:27:34,440 Speaker 1: line along that axis hits the ground in front of 531 00:27:34,480 --> 00:27:38,760 Speaker 1: where the bike is actually touching the ground. Right, the 532 00:27:38,840 --> 00:27:42,080 Speaker 1: bike touches the ground the bottom of the front wheel, 533 00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:46,200 Speaker 1: but the steering axis hits the ground ahead of that. 534 00:27:46,720 --> 00:27:48,399 Speaker 1: And so what that means is that it's sort of 535 00:27:48,440 --> 00:27:52,359 Speaker 1: following it. It's not perfectly aligned, these two things. Yeah, yeah, 536 00:27:52,640 --> 00:27:54,520 Speaker 1: And so what that means is that it's one is 537 00:27:54,560 --> 00:27:56,879 Speaker 1: sort of following the other. It's sort of like you 538 00:27:56,920 --> 00:27:59,640 Speaker 1: know those wheels on a grocery cart and those things 539 00:27:59,680 --> 00:28:01,760 Speaker 1: that are like impossible to turn around and you're gonna 540 00:28:01,800 --> 00:28:04,399 Speaker 1: go backwards to painting, right. I always get the chopping 541 00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:06,800 Speaker 1: card with the broken castor wheel you know that goes out. 542 00:28:09,680 --> 00:28:11,440 Speaker 1: You probably are the one who breaks them, right, and 543 00:28:11,560 --> 00:28:13,400 Speaker 1: you just return them this door and don't say anything 544 00:28:13,520 --> 00:28:17,320 Speaker 1: right exactly. Um No, you know those wheels they do 545 00:28:17,359 --> 00:28:20,000 Speaker 1: this funny thing where if you push forwards, then they 546 00:28:20,240 --> 00:28:22,760 Speaker 1: follow the direction of motion right, because they're sort of 547 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:27,959 Speaker 1: behind this the steering access right, they go backwards. They 548 00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:32,000 Speaker 1: always aligned in the direction where you're pushing. Yes, exactly right, 549 00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:33,560 Speaker 1: which is why it's so hard to turn them around 550 00:28:33,560 --> 00:28:36,359 Speaker 1: because they're aligned in some other direction. Well, it's just 551 00:28:36,440 --> 00:28:39,360 Speaker 1: similar effect for the bicycle. Right. What that means is 552 00:28:39,400 --> 00:28:42,240 Speaker 1: that if the bicycle starts to lean to the left, 553 00:28:42,280 --> 00:28:46,040 Speaker 1: for example, then because of this angle gravity in the 554 00:28:46,080 --> 00:28:48,440 Speaker 1: force from the ground is going to turn the wheel 555 00:28:48,880 --> 00:28:51,360 Speaker 1: in such a way that the wheel turns in the 556 00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:55,120 Speaker 1: direction that you're falling, which again helps the bike right itself. 557 00:28:55,720 --> 00:28:58,360 Speaker 1: And so because this angle access is tilted, then you 558 00:28:58,400 --> 00:29:00,600 Speaker 1: get that same effect. Okay, so way you're saying, Okay, 559 00:29:00,600 --> 00:29:04,880 Speaker 1: I'm riding my bicycle. Okay, I'm going down this hidewalk, 560 00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:07,760 Speaker 1: and suddenly I start to lean a little bit to 561 00:29:07,800 --> 00:29:11,000 Speaker 1: the left, so I'm following falling falling, and you're saying, 562 00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:15,440 Speaker 1: there's a because of this access cast effect, and my 563 00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:19,080 Speaker 1: wheel automatically, without me having to steer, it is going 564 00:29:19,160 --> 00:29:22,920 Speaker 1: to turn to the left, turn to the left. Yeah, exactly. 565 00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:25,360 Speaker 1: You know how if you pick up a bicycle right 566 00:29:25,520 --> 00:29:29,360 Speaker 1: the front, the front, the handlebars always turn right they 567 00:29:29,480 --> 00:29:31,920 Speaker 1: never stay balanced. If you pick up a bicycle, it's 568 00:29:31,920 --> 00:29:34,280 Speaker 1: always like the front wheel is spinning in some crazy direction. 569 00:29:34,880 --> 00:29:38,280 Speaker 1: That's because this cast effect, and also because the center 570 00:29:38,280 --> 00:29:41,240 Speaker 1: of mass of the handlebars and the wheel are not 571 00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:44,240 Speaker 1: quite on top of each other. And that's another effect 572 00:29:44,320 --> 00:29:47,720 Speaker 1: that contributes to the wheel turning in the direction that 573 00:29:47,800 --> 00:29:51,320 Speaker 1: you're falling, okay, And that that helps me stay upright, right, 574 00:29:51,320 --> 00:29:54,720 Speaker 1: because if I'm leaning left, my front wheel turns left 575 00:29:54,840 --> 00:29:58,080 Speaker 1: because of these effects. And then now that's actually going 576 00:29:58,120 --> 00:30:01,120 Speaker 1: to help me pick myself back up. That's right, exactly. 577 00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:04,440 Speaker 1: And so these are all small effects that help a 578 00:30:04,480 --> 00:30:07,800 Speaker 1: bike stay upright. And the cool thing is that you 579 00:30:07,840 --> 00:30:10,520 Speaker 1: can build all sorts of crazy bicycles. And they've done 580 00:30:10,520 --> 00:30:13,400 Speaker 1: this is like whole bicycle research teams now, and they've 581 00:30:13,400 --> 00:30:16,200 Speaker 1: built bicycles that have no angular momentum like we talked about. 582 00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:19,960 Speaker 1: They also built bicycles that have no angler momentum and 583 00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:22,880 Speaker 1: don't have this castor wheel effect. Right, they angle the 584 00:30:22,920 --> 00:30:25,560 Speaker 1: fork in the other direction, and I've seen this video. 585 00:30:25,600 --> 00:30:28,400 Speaker 1: They can still get the bicycle to balance by itself 586 00:30:28,480 --> 00:30:31,920 Speaker 1: even without the castor wheel and without angular momentum, meaning 587 00:30:31,960 --> 00:30:36,000 Speaker 1: you you point to step the fork down like perfectly down, 588 00:30:36,160 --> 00:30:41,080 Speaker 1: that's still works, or even backwards right the negative effect. 589 00:30:41,280 --> 00:30:43,400 Speaker 1: You can even have the fork sort of pointing in 590 00:30:43,440 --> 00:30:47,080 Speaker 1: the wrong direction and a bike will still balance. So 591 00:30:47,240 --> 00:30:50,520 Speaker 1: bike with no angle momentum and the negative caster effect 592 00:30:50,720 --> 00:30:53,600 Speaker 1: will still keep itself upright. But how does it stay 593 00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:56,640 Speaker 1: upright if we if you cancel out this self steering effect? 594 00:30:57,040 --> 00:31:03,320 Speaker 1: Nobody knows that I am serious. Like, turns out these 595 00:31:03,360 --> 00:31:06,640 Speaker 1: equations are complicated, right, Like figuring out how a bike 596 00:31:06,680 --> 00:31:09,200 Speaker 1: balances is not a simple like, oh, do to do 597 00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:12,480 Speaker 1: it's angle momentum. We're done. These are complicated effects because 598 00:31:12,480 --> 00:31:15,000 Speaker 1: there's lots of forces involved, lots of ways that can pivot, 599 00:31:15,480 --> 00:31:19,240 Speaker 1: and so it's still a mystery. You know, Um, there's there. 600 00:31:19,320 --> 00:31:22,600 Speaker 1: It definitely is influenced by angle momentum. It's definitely influenced 601 00:31:22,600 --> 00:31:25,240 Speaker 1: by this caster effect. It's definitely influenced by this other 602 00:31:25,280 --> 00:31:27,840 Speaker 1: thing with the center of mass about where the balance 603 00:31:27,880 --> 00:31:30,160 Speaker 1: point is on a bicycle. But the truth is that 604 00:31:30,160 --> 00:31:32,200 Speaker 1: it's still a bit of a mystery. Wait, so you're 605 00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:35,360 Speaker 1: telling me every time I ride a bicycle, I am 606 00:31:35,360 --> 00:31:39,600 Speaker 1: writing on a mystery of the universe that physicists don't 607 00:31:39,680 --> 00:31:42,640 Speaker 1: know how it works. You're basically riding a black hole 608 00:31:42,680 --> 00:31:46,600 Speaker 1: around town. That's what I mean. Oh my god, does 609 00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:49,360 Speaker 1: does that make riding your bicycle seem more fun and exciting? 610 00:31:49,480 --> 00:31:51,760 Speaker 1: It's it seems a little more dangerous, to be honest. 611 00:31:53,040 --> 00:31:55,440 Speaker 1: It's not like the physics is gonna stop working. Like 612 00:31:55,560 --> 00:31:57,280 Speaker 1: a whole lot of second we figured out your bike 613 00:31:57,320 --> 00:32:00,320 Speaker 1: shouldn't balance and then boom, everybody falls over simultaneous sleep. 614 00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:08,160 Speaker 1: That would be awesome. It's still a mystery. There are 615 00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:11,320 Speaker 1: lots of effects there we don't understand. It's complicated. You know, 616 00:32:11,480 --> 00:32:13,960 Speaker 1: lots of things about how people turn. You know, you 617 00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:16,040 Speaker 1: lean to the right and then turn to the left, 618 00:32:16,760 --> 00:32:19,640 Speaker 1: counter steering. All sorts of stuff is going on. It's 619 00:32:19,680 --> 00:32:22,240 Speaker 1: pretty it's really pretty tricky, but it's important. You know, 620 00:32:22,280 --> 00:32:25,000 Speaker 1: if you figure out how bicycle is balance, you could 621 00:32:25,040 --> 00:32:28,640 Speaker 1: develop a new bicycle. Right, you could have some breakthrough 622 00:32:28,680 --> 00:32:32,760 Speaker 1: in bicycle science. To be just around the corner, you 623 00:32:32,760 --> 00:32:38,400 Speaker 1: could you could win the no No No bill bicycle right, yeah, 624 00:32:38,600 --> 00:32:41,080 Speaker 1: or you know, you could make a zillion dollars whichever 625 00:32:41,120 --> 00:32:43,320 Speaker 1: you prefer. But it could be that somebody comes up 626 00:32:43,360 --> 00:32:45,560 Speaker 1: with a better way to make a bicycle and that 627 00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:48,360 Speaker 1: sweeps the world right, all of a sudden, the way 628 00:32:48,400 --> 00:32:50,640 Speaker 1: we've been riding bikes for a hundred years is like 629 00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:55,080 Speaker 1: old fashioned and clunky and hilarious. Um. There's a guy 630 00:32:55,160 --> 00:32:58,240 Speaker 1: in my neighborhood actually who rides a unicycle, which I 631 00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:01,560 Speaker 1: think is really impressive. You mean to go place and 632 00:33:01,600 --> 00:33:04,000 Speaker 1: not not just in the circus. Oh no, yeah, he 633 00:33:04,080 --> 00:33:08,360 Speaker 1: commutes to work on his unicycle. Does put two of 634 00:33:08,400 --> 00:33:12,840 Speaker 1: those together to make a bicycle. Maybe the bicycle just 635 00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:15,760 Speaker 1: broken half? Um, but he's got one for you know, 636 00:33:15,960 --> 00:33:18,840 Speaker 1: nice weather. He's got like a mountain bike unicycle. I've 637 00:33:18,880 --> 00:33:21,400 Speaker 1: even seen him like on trails, trails I like struggle 638 00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:25,600 Speaker 1: to walk up he's like unicycling up way Like wow, 639 00:33:25,720 --> 00:33:30,440 Speaker 1: does he put does he put nails? And no, he's 640 00:33:30,480 --> 00:33:32,720 Speaker 1: just got knob tires on it. I think that's more 641 00:33:32,720 --> 00:33:35,040 Speaker 1: a testament that's not so much physics. That's just the brain. 642 00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:38,960 Speaker 1: Like it's incredible what the brain can maneuver and accomplish 643 00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:40,960 Speaker 1: if you put your mind to it. And so even 644 00:33:40,960 --> 00:33:44,680 Speaker 1: though physicists haven't figured out what the equations that control 645 00:33:44,800 --> 00:33:47,840 Speaker 1: bicycle are, your brain has right, your brain has an 646 00:33:47,840 --> 00:33:50,520 Speaker 1: intuitive grasp of how a bicycle works and how to 647 00:33:50,600 --> 00:33:53,880 Speaker 1: manipulate it, right, Well, not just me like little kids, 648 00:33:54,080 --> 00:33:58,280 Speaker 1: you know, I'm talking specifically about Jorge's brain. His brain 649 00:33:58,400 --> 00:34:02,680 Speaker 1: is amazing. It's amazing that I can do what a 650 00:34:02,680 --> 00:34:05,680 Speaker 1: three year old can do. Yeah, exactly, But you're right, 651 00:34:05,680 --> 00:34:07,960 Speaker 1: three year olds are excellent at this, right. But that's 652 00:34:07,960 --> 00:34:10,400 Speaker 1: what three year olds do. They're like mapping their control 653 00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:12,040 Speaker 1: of the world. Right, they're interacting with the world and 654 00:34:12,080 --> 00:34:15,239 Speaker 1: getting all these feedback and figuring out how to control it. 655 00:34:15,560 --> 00:34:18,080 Speaker 1: And if and kids. You know, for a long time, 656 00:34:18,080 --> 00:34:20,040 Speaker 1: I've had a hard time learning to ride a bike. 657 00:34:20,480 --> 00:34:23,040 Speaker 1: But if you start by just teaching them the balance 658 00:34:23,080 --> 00:34:25,560 Speaker 1: these push bikes, then they're great at it. Right. It 659 00:34:25,600 --> 00:34:28,440 Speaker 1: doesn't take them very long to learn to balance. Wow, 660 00:34:28,560 --> 00:34:30,480 Speaker 1: well that's pretty cool. So the next time you ride 661 00:34:30,520 --> 00:34:32,920 Speaker 1: your bicycle and just think about it, you are writing 662 00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:37,680 Speaker 1: a black hole that's right in our knowledge of the universe. Yeah, 663 00:34:37,719 --> 00:34:40,759 Speaker 1: and you know, there's some interesting physics going on there. 664 00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:42,400 Speaker 1: We know a little bit about it. There's some of 665 00:34:42,440 --> 00:34:44,520 Speaker 1: these effects that are happening to keep your bike up right, 666 00:34:44,680 --> 00:34:47,080 Speaker 1: but there's definitely something else going on in there that 667 00:34:47,160 --> 00:34:50,040 Speaker 1: we don't understand, and it could be something mundane. It 668 00:34:50,080 --> 00:34:52,080 Speaker 1: could be like, Oh, it turns out these forces happened 669 00:34:52,120 --> 00:34:54,279 Speaker 1: this way and there's a torque or whatever. But it 670 00:34:54,280 --> 00:34:57,040 Speaker 1: could there's always the possibility when you don't understand something, 671 00:34:57,239 --> 00:34:59,920 Speaker 1: that there could be a deep secret of the universe revealed. Right. 672 00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:04,080 Speaker 1: That's why phyes this tugget every thread we don't understand, 673 00:35:04,320 --> 00:35:07,040 Speaker 1: hoping that one of those threads is going to unravel 674 00:35:07,080 --> 00:35:09,560 Speaker 1: the fabric of the universe and teach us something deep 675 00:35:09,600 --> 00:35:12,960 Speaker 1: about the way when the world works. Yeah, or at 676 00:35:13,000 --> 00:35:15,400 Speaker 1: least you'll get to work. Yeah, with a little bit 677 00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:19,960 Speaker 1: of exercise exactly, and you'll look really cool and you'll 678 00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:23,600 Speaker 1: be fit from all that biking. Yeah, that's right. Just 679 00:35:23,600 --> 00:35:25,880 Speaker 1: remember to wear a helmet. That's when you do physics. 680 00:35:26,080 --> 00:35:28,320 Speaker 1: And so that's why we think the physics of everyday 681 00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:31,120 Speaker 1: objects is fascinating. So if there's something in your world 682 00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:34,080 Speaker 1: that you don't understand, something you'd like to understand your 683 00:35:34,120 --> 00:35:36,120 Speaker 1: why does this happen? Why does it work this way? 684 00:35:36,200 --> 00:35:38,799 Speaker 1: How come it doesn't work this other way? Send us 685 00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:43,359 Speaker 1: a suggestion. Why are shopping carts always broken? That's right? Why? 686 00:35:43,640 --> 00:35:45,560 Speaker 1: And no matter where I go, did Jorhey break the 687 00:35:45,560 --> 00:35:47,719 Speaker 1: wheels in my shopping cart? Has he been to every 688 00:35:47,719 --> 00:35:51,840 Speaker 1: grocery store in the universe. Um yeah, anything that seems 689 00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:55,160 Speaker 1: magical and your everyday life let us know. We'll try 690 00:35:55,160 --> 00:36:06,799 Speaker 1: to kill the magic. See you next time. If you 691 00:36:06,880 --> 00:36:09,719 Speaker 1: still have a question after listening to all these explanations, 692 00:36:09,800 --> 00:36:12,760 Speaker 1: please drop us a line. We'd love to hear from you. 693 00:36:12,760 --> 00:36:15,600 Speaker 1: You can find us at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at 694 00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:19,000 Speaker 1: Daniel and Jorge That's one word, or email us at 695 00:36:19,320 --> 00:36:23,040 Speaker 1: Feedback at Daniel and Jorge dot com. Thanks for listening 696 00:36:23,040 --> 00:36:25,759 Speaker 1: and remember that Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe is 697 00:36:25,800 --> 00:36:29,319 Speaker 1: a production of I Heart Radio. From more podcast from 698 00:36:29,320 --> 00:36:33,080 Speaker 1: my Heart Radio. Visit the I Heart Radio, Apple podcasts, 699 00:36:33,200 --> 00:36:35,560 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.