WEBVTT - Murder on the Range PT 2 0:00:03.680 --> 0:00:05.000 I'm Kate Winkler Dawson. 0:00:05.120 --> 0:00:07.960 I'm a journalist who's spent the last twenty five years 0:00:08.000 --> 0:00:09.559 writing about true crime. 0:00:09.800 --> 0:00:12.800 And I'm Paul Hols, a retired cold case investigator who's 0:00:12.840 --> 0:00:16.400 worked some of America's most complicated cases and solve them. 0:00:16.440 --> 0:00:19.799 Each week, I present Paul with one of history's most 0:00:19.840 --> 0:00:21.720 compelling true crimes. 0:00:21.400 --> 0:00:24.239 And I weigh in using modern forensic techniques to bring 0:00:24.320 --> 0:00:26.040 new insights to old mysteries. 0:00:26.440 --> 0:00:31.639 Together, using our individual expertise, we're examining historical true crime 0:00:31.720 --> 0:00:34.360 cases through a twenty first century lens. 0:00:34.600 --> 0:00:37.760 Some are solved and some are cold, very cold. 0:00:38.240 --> 0:00:45.680 This is buried Bones. 0:01:02.000 --> 0:01:04.000 Hey Paul, Hey Kate, how are you. 0:01:04.280 --> 0:01:05.160 I'm doing well. 0:01:05.400 --> 0:01:08.720 I am tasking you with doing the summary from last 0:01:08.720 --> 0:01:12.720 week's episode of The Mess that is in the Colorado 0:01:12.840 --> 0:01:14.759 Territory in eighteen sixty three. 0:01:14.800 --> 0:01:15.520 It's awful. 0:01:15.720 --> 0:01:17.759 Tell me what you remember, and then I'll tell you 0:01:17.760 --> 0:01:18.960 you were wrong about. 0:01:18.720 --> 0:01:21.200 All of that. Just kidding you know. 0:01:21.400 --> 0:01:25.480 So I have to look at my notes from last week. 0:01:25.680 --> 0:01:29.080 But so it appears in March of eighteen sixty three, 0:01:29.920 --> 0:01:35.360 we start having a series of men being robbed and killed. 0:01:36.280 --> 0:01:40.800 The first one Franklin. He's on, you know, driving a 0:01:40.840 --> 0:01:44.559 stagecoach with horses down to a sawmill, and he's found 0:01:44.640 --> 0:01:47.480 shot through the heart and has a cross carved into him. 0:01:47.920 --> 0:01:51.160 And then in short order, we have a series of 0:01:51.320 --> 0:01:56.040 other men that are being killed, either being shot or 0:01:56.080 --> 0:01:59.120 an axe has been used on them over the course 0:01:59.200 --> 0:02:02.720 of you knowmultiple weeks. But relative to the distances that 0:02:03.320 --> 0:02:08.880 these crimes are occurring, the offender is moving around and 0:02:09.120 --> 0:02:11.840 is attacking in short order, and at least at this 0:02:12.000 --> 0:02:15.760 point in time, it appears that this is an offender 0:02:16.080 --> 0:02:20.160 that is committing these crimes for financial motive. But I'm 0:02:20.160 --> 0:02:23.160 not entirely convinced about that. And so that's where I'm 0:02:23.200 --> 0:02:26.960 curious to see details or hear details about other crimes 0:02:27.280 --> 0:02:30.240 and ultimately you know who was committing these crimes. 0:02:30.600 --> 0:02:30.880 Yep. 0:02:31.040 --> 0:02:34.240 And let's go through just the victims, just to remind everybody, 0:02:34.240 --> 0:02:36.880 because sometimes I have to go back and say people's names. 0:02:37.200 --> 0:02:40.280 So the first victim we have is Franklin. He was 0:02:40.360 --> 0:02:44.480 at his sawmill and that was not very far from 0:02:44.480 --> 0:02:46.600 his home in Kingan City. 0:02:46.919 --> 0:02:48.720 Then we had the next. 0:02:48.480 --> 0:02:51.680 Day, Henry, and he was the one who was supposed 0:02:51.720 --> 0:02:55.560 to be cooking inside the cabin. He was found with 0:02:55.800 --> 0:02:59.200 you know, axe hacks all over his body and he 0:02:59.280 --> 0:02:59.760 was shot. 0:03:00.280 --> 0:03:01.280 Then we have. 0:03:01.919 --> 0:03:06.920 March thirty first, which is eleven days later, we have 0:03:07.240 --> 0:03:12.200 John Addleton and John was murdered at away station and 0:03:12.360 --> 0:03:15.040 it looks like rob the place was tossed completely. 0:03:15.639 --> 0:03:17.359 Then we have about eight. 0:03:17.240 --> 0:03:22.240 Days later after that, much further north, we have Jacob 0:03:22.400 --> 0:03:26.440 Binkley and Abram Shoop and they are out of campsite 0:03:26.520 --> 0:03:30.440 and they are murdered. And the sequencing is difficult in 0:03:30.480 --> 0:03:34.280 that one, but it looks like Abram tried to get away. 0:03:34.960 --> 0:03:38.160 And what I thought was interesting Paul's it looks like 0:03:38.400 --> 0:03:42.840 there's only one shot per victim, and I don't know 0:03:42.880 --> 0:03:45.040 what that means. So it says, you know that Addleton 0:03:45.200 --> 0:03:47.240 was shot in the head, John was shot in the head, 0:03:47.680 --> 0:03:51.600 Henry was shot through the head, also forehead, and then 0:03:51.640 --> 0:03:54.480 you have Franklin who was shot through the heart. Now 0:03:54.480 --> 0:03:57.520 we have Jacob who was shot in the back. And 0:03:57.560 --> 0:03:59.920 then Shoop was found at the bottom of the gulch. 0:04:00.160 --> 0:04:03.080 He was not shot, he was stabbed. They didn't say 0:04:03.120 --> 0:04:06.320 anything about an axe. So is this somebody who is 0:04:06.400 --> 0:04:09.440 just a really good shot or I mean one shot 0:04:09.760 --> 0:04:12.320 for each of these victims. It sounds like except for 0:04:12.360 --> 0:04:12.880 one of them. 0:04:13.280 --> 0:04:15.480 Well, I think just like what I was talking about 0:04:15.560 --> 0:04:19.560 last week, with these sounds like black powder weapons. You know, 0:04:19.880 --> 0:04:23.200 I'm not convinced that they would be able to identify 0:04:23.839 --> 0:04:26.719 the type of weapon. You know, it's not like they're 0:04:26.760 --> 0:04:29.960 looking at, you know, the general rifling characteristics that we 0:04:30.000 --> 0:04:32.240 look at today in order to determine making model of 0:04:32.240 --> 0:04:35.760 the weapon that fired a projectile. These are black powder guns, 0:04:36.560 --> 0:04:40.000 and it very well may be that the weapon that 0:04:40.120 --> 0:04:44.640 the offenders using only could fire one round before being reloaded, 0:04:44.760 --> 0:04:48.039 and it takes a while to reload these black powder weapons, 0:04:48.560 --> 0:04:51.360 so that may be just a practical reason why there's 0:04:51.360 --> 0:04:56.040 only one shot. And these weapons are not accurate relative 0:04:56.080 --> 0:05:00.440 to modern firearms. So these victims particularly, I believe it 0:05:00.640 --> 0:05:03.880 was you know, Henry who shot inside you know, this 0:05:04.040 --> 0:05:07.280 cabin and he shot in the forehead. That would suggest 0:05:07.480 --> 0:05:10.520 because of the inaccuracy of these weapons. You know, Henry's 0:05:10.560 --> 0:05:13.839 not being sniped from a distance. He the offender is 0:05:13.839 --> 0:05:16.240 probably within that cabin and at close range and is 0:05:16.240 --> 0:05:18.599 able to shoot him in the forehead. So you know, 0:05:18.680 --> 0:05:21.520 that's my sense with the gun. You know, the question, 0:05:21.600 --> 0:05:24.640 of course, is is okay, So why do we see 0:05:24.680 --> 0:05:28.440 a firearm, an axe, and a knife being used across 0:05:28.480 --> 0:05:33.040 the series so far. Does the fact that you know, 0:05:33.360 --> 0:05:36.359 two different weapons are used with the last case that 0:05:36.440 --> 0:05:40.520 you talked about with Jacob and was Abram yep, yep, 0:05:40.600 --> 0:05:43.640 Jacob and Abram, you know, does that suggest that maybe 0:05:43.680 --> 0:05:48.160 you have two offenders? It could, however, a single offender 0:05:48.200 --> 0:05:51.080 could possibly accomplish the same thing depending on the. 0:05:51.000 --> 0:05:53.760 Sequence, you know, and the other ones. You've got one 0:05:53.839 --> 0:05:56.520 person there who is the victim, and this is the 0:05:56.520 --> 0:05:59.880 first time that we've seen two victims at the same time. 0:06:00.120 --> 0:06:02.320 So the escalation, I know is not the right word, 0:06:02.320 --> 0:06:05.560 but the development of what is happening with each of 0:06:05.600 --> 0:06:07.159 these murders is interesting. 0:06:07.560 --> 0:06:10.440 Well, I think, you know, probably the only thing I 0:06:10.480 --> 0:06:12.760 would I would draw upon the fact that the last 0:06:12.800 --> 0:06:16.400 case had had two men that were victims, just tells 0:06:16.480 --> 0:06:18.640 me that the offender had the confidence. If it's a 0:06:18.680 --> 0:06:21.599 single offender had the confidence to be able to take 0:06:21.640 --> 0:06:25.240 on two men in order to commit the crime. Chances 0:06:25.279 --> 0:06:29.640 are it's not like the offender is thinking, oh, I 0:06:29.640 --> 0:06:31.880 got to go out and find two men for the 0:06:31.920 --> 0:06:34.960 next case, you know, That's not what's going on. This 0:06:35.120 --> 0:06:38.800 is probably a situation in which these two men may 0:06:38.839 --> 0:06:41.960 have been stumbled across by the offender. You know, they 0:06:41.960 --> 0:06:45.760 were truly victims of opportunity, and the offender size them 0:06:45.839 --> 0:06:48.600 up and goes, I can deal with them with the 0:06:48.640 --> 0:06:52.080 control aspects that I have with the gun and the knife. 0:06:52.160 --> 0:06:54.400 But then you also have the possibility of two offenders 0:06:54.400 --> 0:06:57.919 going yep, let's do this. It just happened that Abraham 0:06:57.960 --> 0:07:02.120 and Jacob were out camping together and they were sized 0:07:02.200 --> 0:07:05.279 up by the offender as being Okay, these are targets, 0:07:05.320 --> 0:07:09.279 and they'd likely have money or any other things of 0:07:09.360 --> 0:07:11.520 financial value that the offender wanted. 0:07:11.920 --> 0:07:14.880 It's just so interesting because I have you ringing in 0:07:14.960 --> 0:07:19.680 my head, take out the male first, right, if you're 0:07:19.720 --> 0:07:22.920 attacking a whole family, you want the most aggressive person 0:07:22.960 --> 0:07:25.520 who could fight back, who's going to be the biggest threat, 0:07:25.560 --> 0:07:27.960 to take out the biggest threat first. And here they 0:07:28.000 --> 0:07:31.800 are or here this is happening, you know, with people 0:07:31.800 --> 0:07:34.240 who are just you're only attacking big threats, and these 0:07:34.240 --> 0:07:36.200 are all young guys too well. 0:07:36.240 --> 0:07:37.920 But you also have to take it like, right now, 0:07:37.920 --> 0:07:40.120 we know nothing about Jacob and Abram in terms of 0:07:40.160 --> 0:07:43.800 their physical characteristics. You know, it's possible the offender is 0:07:43.840 --> 0:07:46.400 looking at these two men, going, well, that's the alpha male. 0:07:46.560 --> 0:07:49.160 I have to take him out first, you know. So 0:07:49.320 --> 0:07:53.120 that aspect, that processing aspect by the offenders is still 0:07:53.160 --> 0:07:54.520 in play. We just don't know. 0:07:57.680 --> 0:07:59.760 Well, let's move over, because I did give you quite 0:07:59.800 --> 0:08:02.880 a bit teas. I will say, we have five men 0:08:03.000 --> 0:08:08.320 dead in about three weeks over upwards of one hundred miles. 0:08:08.360 --> 0:08:11.480 It sounds like there's been some traveling. So let's talk 0:08:11.520 --> 0:08:13.920 about what happens next. I told you that, you know, 0:08:13.960 --> 0:08:16.600 we have somebody else who has been killed, and we 0:08:16.680 --> 0:08:19.880 have also a survivor for the first time. So about 0:08:19.920 --> 0:08:22.560 three weeks after the murder at the campground in the 0:08:22.640 --> 0:08:27.440 same area, there's a man named Edward Metcalf. He's leading 0:08:27.520 --> 0:08:31.280 Oxen through a mountain pass. Earlier in the day there 0:08:31.320 --> 0:08:34.320 was an acquaintance of his name, Bill Carter, who had 0:08:34.400 --> 0:08:37.320 passed Edward on the road. They were going in the 0:08:37.320 --> 0:08:41.400 same direction. Later in the day, when he's returning going 0:08:41.440 --> 0:08:44.679 on the same road, he sees Bill's body on a 0:08:44.800 --> 0:08:48.480 snowbank on the side of the road. So this is 0:08:48.520 --> 0:08:52.120 the guy who passed him. So Bill had been shot 0:08:52.520 --> 0:08:56.400 and attacked with an axe. The overcoat that Bill had 0:08:56.440 --> 0:08:58.960 been wearing and Edward saw it when he passed him. 0:08:59.040 --> 0:08:59.560 Is gone. 0:09:00.120 --> 0:09:02.480 So Edward is trying to figure out what the hell 0:09:02.520 --> 0:09:04.840 happened to his friend. He's sitting on his wagon. The 0:09:04.960 --> 0:09:08.040 Oxen are still attached. He is shot in the chest. 0:09:08.240 --> 0:09:09.439 On the left hand side. 0:09:09.679 --> 0:09:11.120 Edward is Edward. 0:09:11.200 --> 0:09:14.480 Yes, he's looking at his friend's dead body on a 0:09:14.480 --> 0:09:17.320 little snowbank, and he is shot. The bullet must have 0:09:17.360 --> 0:09:22.720 gone through to his heart. But Edward had been carrying 0:09:22.800 --> 0:09:26.640 a bundle of mail and a copy of the Emancipation 0:09:26.840 --> 0:09:30.280 Proclamation in his breast pocket, so the bullet got this 0:09:30.360 --> 0:09:32.240 is just what you were talking about before. The bullet 0:09:32.240 --> 0:09:37.920 doesn't go through, It hits the Emancipation Proclamation, and when 0:09:38.240 --> 0:09:42.000 the Oxen, when they hear the gun shot, flip out 0:09:42.200 --> 0:09:46.960 and they bolt, and there's a second shot that misses Edward. 0:09:47.240 --> 0:09:50.800 Now Edward's wagon hits a rock. He's that poor guy. 0:09:50.880 --> 0:09:55.480 He's bounced out onto the ground. He hears nearby shots 0:09:55.760 --> 0:09:59.600 and it sounds like he sees two men in the 0:09:59.640 --> 0:10:04.120 dist Another person also sees or hears the shooting and 0:10:04.200 --> 0:10:07.560 rides into fair Play to get help. There's a party 0:10:07.559 --> 0:10:10.679 that comes to the area. They find Edward he is alive, 0:10:10.960 --> 0:10:15.600 and he survives, and they also recover Bill's body. So 0:10:15.840 --> 0:10:18.960 two men, if we believe these are our offenders, but 0:10:19.040 --> 0:10:22.280 there's no one else around except somebody hearing a shot 0:10:22.360 --> 0:10:23.959 and then going to fair play. 0:10:24.320 --> 0:10:28.160 So Bill is killed, and you know, he's shot and 0:10:28.240 --> 0:10:31.000 attacked with the acts. And then when Edward comes across 0:10:31.000 --> 0:10:33.280 Bill's body, and I'm not sure you know what kind 0:10:33.280 --> 0:10:36.240 of time frame we're talking about, you know, in terms 0:10:36.320 --> 0:10:39.200 of Edward and Bill passing each other, and then Edward 0:10:39.360 --> 0:10:42.000 circling back round, but the offender is still in the 0:10:42.679 --> 0:10:46.439 same area, but Edward's not seeing the offender and he 0:10:46.480 --> 0:10:50.040 gets shot in the chest. So now this suggests that 0:10:50.720 --> 0:10:53.840 you have an offender who is shooting from a distance, 0:10:54.600 --> 0:10:59.440 possibly undercover. And then Edward says that he saw two men. 0:10:59.800 --> 0:11:05.920 So now possibly we're dealing with two offenders. One offender 0:11:05.960 --> 0:11:09.640 that is armed with a firearm of some sort and 0:11:09.760 --> 0:11:12.200 is competent enough to be able to shoot and hit 0:11:12.240 --> 0:11:14.640 a target from a distance. And I'm wondering if there 0:11:15.240 --> 0:11:18.719 is a rifle being used versus a handgun. But then 0:11:18.760 --> 0:11:22.680 you also have another offender with Bill that's possibly armed 0:11:22.679 --> 0:11:26.280 with an axe, So I could see where Now if 0:11:26.320 --> 0:11:29.400 you have let's say, these two offenders that are working 0:11:29.480 --> 0:11:34.000 in concert, where you have one offender that in essence 0:11:34.679 --> 0:11:37.720 stays concealed and is armed with a firearm and the 0:11:37.760 --> 0:11:40.600 other offender is interacting with them and is armed with 0:11:40.679 --> 0:11:45.080 a knife end or an axe. It's not necessarily that way, 0:11:45.160 --> 0:11:48.800 But now it's like, okay, you know, did the offenders 0:11:48.960 --> 0:11:53.520 after they killed Bill? Did they stay knowing that there 0:11:53.520 --> 0:11:56.720 would be other victims that would be passing through, like 0:11:56.760 --> 0:11:59.959 this is a thoroughfare, and so now they're just low 0:12:00.240 --> 0:12:02.120 and wait for the next victim, and it happens to 0:12:02.160 --> 0:12:03.400 be Edward. Yes. 0:12:03.679 --> 0:12:07.160 And Edward makes things a little more complicated by saying 0:12:07.440 --> 0:12:09.960 he did not get a good look at the attackers, 0:12:10.200 --> 0:12:13.160 but good enough to say he believes that they were 0:12:13.200 --> 0:12:17.280 both of Mexican descent, which is not helpful because that's 0:12:17.440 --> 0:12:19.040 a large portion of Colorado. 0:12:19.120 --> 0:12:23.640 But still, okay, you now have these men of Mexican 0:12:23.720 --> 0:12:28.040 descent that had a good life going for them, and 0:12:28.080 --> 0:12:31.520 then that life is disrupted by these white settlers. And 0:12:31.559 --> 0:12:34.360 now you have these Mexican men that are basically becoming 0:12:34.440 --> 0:12:38.560 missionary offenders. They have a mission and they're committing that 0:12:38.679 --> 0:12:42.920 anger italiatory type of offender. Where Edward and Bill aren't 0:12:42.960 --> 0:12:47.520 necessarily men that they had any interpersonal angst about this 0:12:47.640 --> 0:12:50.959 is that they represented the white settler and now they 0:12:51.000 --> 0:12:54.600 are taking their anger and retaliating against anybody that is 0:12:54.800 --> 0:12:59.160 of that white settler type of characteristic. 0:12:59.440 --> 0:13:01.680 Well, so now we're thinking that this might be a 0:13:01.720 --> 0:13:07.439 switch from robbery victims of opportunity to targeting specific types 0:13:07.600 --> 0:13:10.000 of me. You're right, they're all the same demographic. There 0:13:10.040 --> 0:13:13.800 are men who are clearly you know, they're working and 0:13:13.840 --> 0:13:17.559 living in residence, and they're working at sawmills and driving 0:13:17.559 --> 0:13:20.600 oxen and everything. The only thing taken I said from 0:13:20.640 --> 0:13:24.360 Bill was an overcoat. But they might have felt like 0:13:24.400 --> 0:13:26.520 they didn't have any time. Clearly, this is a road 0:13:26.559 --> 0:13:28.760 that's traveled. If you've got two men who were passing 0:13:28.760 --> 0:13:31.079 each other, So there's that too. Maybe they didn't have 0:13:31.120 --> 0:13:36.360 an opportunity. Sure, if it is vengeance, then robbery is 0:13:36.360 --> 0:13:39.720 the minor motive or is it a motive at all? 0:13:39.760 --> 0:13:41.160 And it's just like, well, I might as well take 0:13:41.160 --> 0:13:43.240 this to make my life a little bit easier. If 0:13:43.280 --> 0:13:45.840 there's money or an overcoat to be warming, is that 0:13:46.000 --> 0:13:46.679 what that would be? 0:13:47.240 --> 0:13:50.960 Sure, the financial aspect of these crimes may be secondary 0:13:51.040 --> 0:13:55.480 if this is the if the motive is truly retaliating 0:13:55.520 --> 0:14:00.640 against a white settler, and there may be an undercurrent 0:14:01.040 --> 0:14:04.720 by the uh these offenders that if we do this, 0:14:05.000 --> 0:14:07.800 we're going to drive out the white settlers are going 0:14:07.840 --> 0:14:09.480 to realize this isn't a place they want to be. 0:14:09.559 --> 0:14:12.240 We're going to scare them away. But I think that 0:14:12.440 --> 0:14:16.000 the financial side, you know, they're just taking advantage of Okay, 0:14:16.000 --> 0:14:19.960 now we have access to potentially money or whatever else 0:14:20.000 --> 0:14:23.000 it is, in order to be able to enhance their 0:14:23.040 --> 0:14:25.640 lifestyle in whatever way. And it sounds like they're traveling 0:14:25.680 --> 0:14:28.840 around a lot. You know, they're probably going to need 0:14:28.920 --> 0:14:31.320 money as they stop in various towns in order to 0:14:31.360 --> 0:14:34.080 get food or whatever. I don't know if they have 0:14:34.160 --> 0:14:38.600 horses with them. This is a a version. If this 0:14:38.680 --> 0:14:41.560 is the reason they're they're doing this is because of 0:14:41.640 --> 0:14:46.000 this vengeance. As you said, this retaliatory type of attack. 0:14:46.280 --> 0:14:52.360 I mean, this is a type of serial killer. It's 0:14:52.400 --> 0:14:57.840 not fantasy motivated. It's very different, a different type of criminal. 0:14:58.400 --> 0:15:03.200 But you know, in some ways, the DC snipers are 0:15:03.240 --> 0:15:06.080 kind of popping into my head, you know, in terms 0:15:06.120 --> 0:15:10.560 of sort of the psychology of the reason to commit 0:15:10.600 --> 0:15:14.240 the crimes. So maybe this is what's going on, But 0:15:14.360 --> 0:15:18.360 until we identify these offenders right now, I mean, Edward, 0:15:18.520 --> 0:15:22.000 is he's being shot at, you know, is he is 0:15:22.000 --> 0:15:27.040 he actually accurate about these guys? Are of Mexican descent? 0:15:28.120 --> 0:15:30.800 Are they actually his you know, his attackers, you know, 0:15:30.840 --> 0:15:32.480 if he's seeing them in a distance. 0:15:35.720 --> 0:15:40.200 So now we have six dead and Edward who survived. 0:15:40.280 --> 0:15:44.440 And now there's that, you know, Edward's a witness, so 0:15:44.920 --> 0:15:49.040 obviously whoever's doing this knows this. But the next day 0:15:49.600 --> 0:15:54.160 we have more victims. We have two men again, Frederick 0:15:54.280 --> 0:15:59.240 Lehmann and Soul Sega. They're found northeast of fair Play. 0:15:59.400 --> 0:16:03.200 So there's still saying the offender or offenders to say, well, 0:16:03.400 --> 0:16:06.480 let's just go at this point with offenders, because Edward 0:16:06.520 --> 0:16:10.640 says he saw two people, So if he's confident enough 0:16:10.640 --> 0:16:13.400 to say of Mexican descent, he's clearly competent enough to 0:16:13.440 --> 0:16:16.760 say two people. So they are staying in this area. 0:16:17.200 --> 0:16:20.360 Frederick and Soul had been traveling with a group, though 0:16:20.520 --> 0:16:23.600 they were a large distance ahead of the rest of 0:16:23.640 --> 0:16:26.800 the caravan, so no one saw this attack. And when 0:16:26.800 --> 0:16:29.280 they were discovered, the bodies were still warm. 0:16:29.680 --> 0:16:30.600 There's a little bit of. 0:16:30.680 --> 0:16:33.920 Legend mixed in with fact tears what Ali says, the 0:16:33.960 --> 0:16:36.760 way that people tell the story. One of these two 0:16:36.800 --> 0:16:40.560 men had a crucifix carved in his chest. The other 0:16:40.960 --> 0:16:44.600 had his head crushed in with a rock. Newspaper reports 0:16:44.600 --> 0:16:46.760 say that they had been attacked. Both of them had 0:16:46.760 --> 0:16:51.120 been attacked with an axe. And we also know from 0:16:51.120 --> 0:16:53.800 an interview with one of the people who discovered these 0:16:53.880 --> 0:17:01.200 men that Lehman's paper collars. So that is Frederick's paper collar. 0:17:01.440 --> 0:17:03.960 So that was the paper that they would keep underneath 0:17:03.960 --> 0:17:06.240 their collar, I believe, like from his shirt. 0:17:06.600 --> 0:17:07.919 Do you know what a paper collar is? 0:17:08.160 --> 0:17:10.600 No, you know, I'm wondering if it's something to help 0:17:10.680 --> 0:17:14.440 keep the collar, Yeah, kind of shaped, right. 0:17:14.880 --> 0:17:19.280 So a paper collar in the eighteen hundreds were detachable, 0:17:19.840 --> 0:17:22.679 and they were designed to be worn with shirts and 0:17:23.080 --> 0:17:26.200 or a practical solution to the labor and sits of 0:17:26.320 --> 0:17:30.199 task of laundering and ironing. One little account said, you 0:17:30.320 --> 0:17:32.560 neither need a wife or you need the money to 0:17:32.600 --> 0:17:33.880 have them launder. 0:17:35.320 --> 0:17:36.760 You need to have a wife, you need to have. 0:17:36.880 --> 0:17:40.560 Wandered anyway, back to this part. The reason the paper 0:17:40.560 --> 0:17:45.280 collar is important is because Frederick's paper collar was nailed 0:17:45.400 --> 0:17:48.879 to a nearby tree and somebody wrote something on it 0:17:48.960 --> 0:17:53.600 in Spanish. In English it says vengeance is to be 0:17:53.760 --> 0:17:58.399 reaked upon Americans as a sacrifice to the Virgin. 0:17:58.880 --> 0:18:02.480 So now, I mean, this is just spilling the beans. 0:18:02.520 --> 0:18:06.560 The offenders are sending a message, right, and they're they're clarifying. 0:18:06.600 --> 0:18:11.880 It was somewhat vague with the cross on the first victim, Frederick, 0:18:12.560 --> 0:18:15.480 you know, but now they're letting it be known why 0:18:15.480 --> 0:18:19.119 they're committing these crimes. And it's kind of what I was. 0:18:19.320 --> 0:18:22.800 I was thinking. They have felt slighted by the white 0:18:22.840 --> 0:18:27.200 settlers moving in. They are vindictive about that. They're they're 0:18:27.200 --> 0:18:31.879 retaliating against anybody that's representative of, you know, the reason 0:18:31.960 --> 0:18:37.040 why their lifestyle had changed. And you know, the cross. 0:18:37.600 --> 0:18:40.359 One of these last victims had a you said, a 0:18:40.400 --> 0:18:45.960 crucifix carved, which that's cross, right, But crucifix if if 0:18:46.000 --> 0:18:50.320 I'm right. Being born and raised Catholic, obviously we know 0:18:50.480 --> 0:18:54.800 that individuals of Mexican descent there was it was a 0:18:54.880 --> 0:18:59.320 strong Catholic background. And so now sort of to your 0:18:59.400 --> 0:19:03.560 point in the first episode, is that the cross is 0:19:04.080 --> 0:19:09.600 indicative of their religious philosophy. Now, why only certain victims 0:19:10.280 --> 0:19:12.600 have a cross? You know, that would be interesting to 0:19:12.680 --> 0:19:15.600 find out. You know, is this because there's something about 0:19:15.640 --> 0:19:19.639 that particular victim that they felt compelled that they needed 0:19:19.680 --> 0:19:22.760 a cross, you know, for whatever reason to save their soul. 0:19:23.320 --> 0:19:26.280 Who knows, or was it just kind of random as 0:19:26.280 --> 0:19:28.879 to who they carve crosses it? But this is now 0:19:28.920 --> 0:19:34.760 just showing, Okay, the motive of these crimes is anger retaliatory. 0:19:34.600 --> 0:19:34.840 You know. 0:19:35.119 --> 0:19:39.720 And now they're letting them know. They're they're writing in Spanish, 0:19:39.840 --> 0:19:43.720 they are indicating that they have a certain religious philosophy 0:19:44.359 --> 0:19:46.800 and they take they have a certain victimology that they're 0:19:46.800 --> 0:19:49.280 going after, you know, and this is no different than 0:19:49.359 --> 0:19:52.920 how we evaluate offenders today. You know. This is where 0:19:52.960 --> 0:19:55.200 now you see, based off of these crimes, you can 0:19:55.240 --> 0:19:59.199 start to piece together who your suspect pool might be. 0:19:59.560 --> 0:20:02.639 Well, right now, the suspect pool would be all of 0:20:02.680 --> 0:20:07.600 the people of Mexican descent in Colorado Territory, which I 0:20:08.280 --> 0:20:12.840 think once we start figuring out you know, who is where, 0:20:13.240 --> 0:20:15.720 and you're going to need some dumb luck in some 0:20:15.760 --> 0:20:20.200 ways for this to come together. So particularly with Abram Shoop, 0:20:20.359 --> 0:20:22.760 but with the last of these men. Now we have 0:20:22.800 --> 0:20:26.400 a total of eight men dead, one man who survived 0:20:26.840 --> 0:20:31.040 when Edward's story comes out, about two men of Mexican descent. 0:20:31.720 --> 0:20:34.880 Now law enforcement really starts to take action, and there's 0:20:34.920 --> 0:20:39.200 an organized militia that starts to come together. So Fredericknsoll 0:20:39.320 --> 0:20:42.640 live in an area called California Gulch. It's somewhat more 0:20:42.640 --> 0:20:46.399 populous than any of these other areas, and there's a 0:20:46.520 --> 0:20:51.200 big community of prospectors who come together. So about seventeen men, 0:20:51.359 --> 0:20:55.359 led by a man named John mccannon, volunteered to spearhead 0:20:55.359 --> 0:20:58.640 this investigation. I don't know what spurs this, or if 0:20:58.680 --> 0:21:02.080 it's simply the number keeps piling up, or if it's 0:21:02.080 --> 0:21:06.080 Frederick and Sole being connected to this particular area that 0:21:06.440 --> 0:21:11.000 has a large prospector population. But this really sends people 0:21:11.000 --> 0:21:14.240 into a fury and they start to gather these militias. 0:21:14.320 --> 0:21:17.840 What do you think, Well, well, I think there's there's 0:21:18.119 --> 0:21:21.959 multiple layers as to you know, the reason for the 0:21:22.000 --> 0:21:25.520 prospectors to band together, and part of it is just 0:21:25.680 --> 0:21:29.760 probably a simple economic reason. If you have, you know, 0:21:29.920 --> 0:21:35.719 fear starting to interfere with their ability to make money. 0:21:36.040 --> 0:21:38.320 You know they now are going we have to stop 0:21:38.680 --> 0:21:43.400 whoever's doing this. Now, do you know, is there a 0:21:43.400 --> 0:21:48.280 an aspect of a US versus them? Where Now they're going, oh, 0:21:48.359 --> 0:21:51.840 this is somebody from Mexico that's doing this to us, 0:21:52.119 --> 0:21:55.040 you know, and we have to put an end to this. 0:21:55.160 --> 0:21:58.439 And so they're banding together recognizing that there's a threat. 0:21:59.040 --> 0:22:03.159 Well, they are first of all trying to secure the 0:22:03.240 --> 0:22:06.920 areas that have already seen murders. So they are trying 0:22:06.960 --> 0:22:10.640 to lock down and guard Canyon City, and they're trying 0:22:10.640 --> 0:22:12.919 to lock down and guard fair Play. Of course, at 0:22:12.960 --> 0:22:15.239 the same time, you know, they're trying to figure out 0:22:15.280 --> 0:22:20.480 who did this. So John mccannon is the main person here, 0:22:20.520 --> 0:22:25.840 the main investigator, and they realize that Edward's description and 0:22:25.920 --> 0:22:30.480 the violence of these crimes might match the description of 0:22:30.520 --> 0:22:33.800 two men who robbed a wagon that had been carrying 0:22:33.840 --> 0:22:37.840 supplies to a priest in New Mexico late last year. 0:22:38.640 --> 0:22:42.040 So we were in March, end of March eighteen sixty three, 0:22:42.119 --> 0:22:45.840 so they're talking about probably December of eighteen sixty two. 0:22:46.480 --> 0:22:47.200 Now this is in. 0:22:47.119 --> 0:22:50.640 New Mexico, but remember the border thing, so it's New 0:22:50.640 --> 0:22:55.600 Mexico ish, So it's New Mexico and the New Colorado border. 0:22:56.080 --> 0:23:00.200 So this happened on or near the San Luis Valley. 0:23:00.480 --> 0:23:02.560 In that incident, there was a man who had been 0:23:02.600 --> 0:23:06.720 driving a wagon and he had been able to identify 0:23:06.720 --> 0:23:09.879 exactly who robbed him. And the priest writes to the 0:23:09.920 --> 0:23:13.480 authorities at Fort Garland, which is a military base in 0:23:13.520 --> 0:23:17.600 southern Colorado, and the man knew who these two guys were. 0:23:17.760 --> 0:23:21.280 The guys robbed them, and he says to the priest 0:23:21.800 --> 0:23:25.159 it was these two brothers, and they're named vivian and 0:23:25.560 --> 0:23:29.959 Filippe Espinoza. And this is actually a pretty famous story. 0:23:30.040 --> 0:23:34.560 The Espinoza family had been punished for this robbery terribly. 0:23:34.920 --> 0:23:38.600 They lived in a plaza called San Rafael. In January 0:23:38.680 --> 0:23:42.240 of sixty three, so probably about a month after the 0:23:42.320 --> 0:23:45.040 robbery and a few months before the killings, a USh 0:23:45.080 --> 0:23:49.000