1 00:00:01,440 --> 00:00:04,240 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of I 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,280 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey, welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and 3 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:16,279 Speaker 1: there's Chuck and there's Jerry over there. So let's get 4 00:00:16,320 --> 00:00:20,239 Speaker 1: to it. While we're talking about mangroves. Everybody, mangroves gather 5 00:00:20,320 --> 00:00:25,720 Speaker 1: around while we talk about mangrove. My new favorite tree. 6 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:28,720 Speaker 1: It's a great tree. It's a good favorite tree to have. 7 00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:31,600 Speaker 1: It is, and this is one of those. I think 8 00:00:31,640 --> 00:00:34,519 Speaker 1: this is the second and probably final that was inspired 9 00:00:34,520 --> 00:00:38,640 Speaker 1: by my recent trip to Mexico because we were surrounded 10 00:00:39,280 --> 00:00:44,839 Speaker 1: by mangroves, literally surrounded by mangroves, and we couldn't get 11 00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:47,479 Speaker 1: enough of them. Man Like riding the bikes around and 12 00:00:47,520 --> 00:00:52,240 Speaker 1: looking in these mangrove forests and considering what it must 13 00:00:52,280 --> 00:00:56,800 Speaker 1: be like to try and navigate through them. Nearly impossible, 14 00:00:56,880 --> 00:01:00,240 Speaker 1: I would say, uh, because yeah, I mean you seen 15 00:01:00,280 --> 00:01:03,560 Speaker 1: them in person, I'm sure like just how dense these 16 00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:05,880 Speaker 1: things are. Uh, And you know we're gonna be talking 17 00:01:05,880 --> 00:01:09,200 Speaker 1: about different kinds, but really sort of the money mangroves 18 00:01:09,600 --> 00:01:11,520 Speaker 1: are the ones that we're going to focus on, and 19 00:01:11,560 --> 00:01:14,080 Speaker 1: they are just I was knocked out just by how 20 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:16,200 Speaker 1: they looked. And I could tell that they were a 21 00:01:16,240 --> 00:01:20,640 Speaker 1: remarkable wonder of nature and evolution. And then after this stuff, 22 00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:24,600 Speaker 1: Dave Rouse helped us put this together. After learning everything 23 00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:28,840 Speaker 1: that they're capable of, it's just like, what what kind 24 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:31,839 Speaker 1: of tree is this? It's amazing. It's an amazing tree. 25 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:34,199 Speaker 1: Like I said, it's maybe one of the best trees 26 00:01:34,240 --> 00:01:36,480 Speaker 1: to have is your favorite tree, because there are very 27 00:01:36,560 --> 00:01:40,880 Speaker 1: few trees that are this amazing, Chuck Man, And we're 28 00:01:40,880 --> 00:01:44,720 Speaker 1: talking mangroves, and we should say mangroves aren't necessarily like 29 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:48,040 Speaker 1: a species or even a family of tree. One of 30 00:01:48,080 --> 00:01:50,160 Speaker 1: the other things that makes them such a cool tree 31 00:01:50,200 --> 00:01:52,360 Speaker 1: to have as a favorite is that there's something like 32 00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:55,800 Speaker 1: eighty or ninety species of them, and they're not genetically 33 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:59,880 Speaker 1: related in every case. Instead, biologist classify them by their 34 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:06,480 Speaker 1: ability to survive and even thrive in salty water that 35 00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:10,079 Speaker 1: uh in soil that has little to no oxygen, which 36 00:02:10,120 --> 00:02:12,920 Speaker 1: are two things that most trees can't do. And that's 37 00:02:13,000 --> 00:02:15,440 Speaker 1: just the tip of the iceberg. And what makes um 38 00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:18,760 Speaker 1: mangroves so amazing. Yeah, but like I said, we're talking 39 00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:21,720 Speaker 1: mainly about those amazing trees that sit up above the 40 00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:26,560 Speaker 1: water with this network of you know, look like fingers 41 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:29,800 Speaker 1: just sort of propping up the tree, which are the roots. Um. 42 00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:34,240 Speaker 1: They are a woodland tree, also could be called a shrub. 43 00:02:34,639 --> 00:02:39,240 Speaker 1: And they grow in a pretty narrow area between um. 44 00:02:40,680 --> 00:02:43,760 Speaker 1: While they're subtropical along the coastlines first of all, but 45 00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:47,400 Speaker 1: they grow between literally between um, the terrestrial and the 46 00:02:47,440 --> 00:02:53,960 Speaker 1: marine environment in salty brackish water. Yeah. Um. And there's 47 00:02:54,520 --> 00:02:56,840 Speaker 1: I want to say a lot of them. It's really 48 00:02:56,880 --> 00:02:58,840 Speaker 1: not though. I think they make up like one percent 49 00:02:58,960 --> 00:03:01,680 Speaker 1: of the forests of the old mangrove forests are. But 50 00:03:01,760 --> 00:03:04,400 Speaker 1: it's still eighty five thousand square miles, which is a 51 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:07,720 Speaker 1: pretty decent amount of area for you know, one kind 52 00:03:07,760 --> 00:03:11,240 Speaker 1: of tree. It's about the size of the state of Arkansas. UM. 53 00:03:11,280 --> 00:03:14,000 Speaker 1: And the largest mangrove forest in the world is at 54 00:03:14,040 --> 00:03:17,520 Speaker 1: the mouth of the Ganges UM, near the Bay of Bengal. 55 00:03:17,919 --> 00:03:20,840 Speaker 1: It's called the Student Arbans And that's where the Bengal 56 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:26,000 Speaker 1: tiger lives, which is pretty cool, agreed. Uh. They exist 57 00:03:26,040 --> 00:03:29,760 Speaker 1: in a hundred and eighteen countries and here in the 58 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:34,440 Speaker 1: United States in Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. And I thought, oh, 59 00:03:34,560 --> 00:03:38,640 Speaker 1: surely the Georgia Coast so close to Florida surely they've 60 00:03:38,640 --> 00:03:42,360 Speaker 1: got some mangroves. Don't even try. Not quite there that 61 00:03:42,440 --> 00:03:45,760 Speaker 1: I did see some people that are like, oh, so mangroves, um, 62 00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:48,520 Speaker 1: but it's not true. It looks like the closest mangroves 63 00:03:48,560 --> 00:03:50,600 Speaker 1: are about forty miles from the Georgia border, near the 64 00:03:50,600 --> 00:03:53,320 Speaker 1: Georgia coast line. Um. So I was really sad that 65 00:03:53,360 --> 00:03:56,680 Speaker 1: we don't have our our mangroves. But they do have 66 00:03:56,760 --> 00:04:00,920 Speaker 1: them in Florida and Louisiana and Texas and in Mexico. 67 00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:05,640 Speaker 1: That's right. And again you said that they grow subtropically, 68 00:04:05,840 --> 00:04:08,520 Speaker 1: and Chuck, I want to share that. It was just 69 00:04:09,240 --> 00:04:13,480 Speaker 1: today that I finally stopped and was like, this subtropical 70 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:17,200 Speaker 1: thing is driving me crazy. Like it's it's above the 71 00:04:17,200 --> 00:04:20,280 Speaker 1: tropics on either side. It's either above or below, depending 72 00:04:20,320 --> 00:04:23,760 Speaker 1: on where your perspective, but it's not below. It's not 73 00:04:23,839 --> 00:04:26,719 Speaker 1: below the equator. And then I realized, if you're on 74 00:04:26,839 --> 00:04:29,560 Speaker 1: the equator from the perspective of the equator, it's below 75 00:04:29,640 --> 00:04:33,400 Speaker 1: the equator on either side, so it's sub tropical. You've 76 00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:36,120 Speaker 1: never stood on the equator. I never have, and I 77 00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:40,760 Speaker 1: think I should be. I've never been to Ecuador. Well 78 00:04:40,760 --> 00:04:42,800 Speaker 1: we should go sometime we should do a podcast live 79 00:04:43,279 --> 00:04:47,080 Speaker 1: live from the equator. Yeah, and see if we melt. 80 00:04:47,560 --> 00:04:51,160 Speaker 1: I know I will. I'm melting this week. Um. As 81 00:04:51,200 --> 00:04:53,320 Speaker 1: far as man the money mangroves that I was talking about, 82 00:04:53,360 --> 00:04:57,880 Speaker 1: we're talking about red, black and white, and for my money, 83 00:04:58,880 --> 00:05:01,560 Speaker 1: I love those red mangro Those are the ones that 84 00:05:01,720 --> 00:05:05,240 Speaker 1: grow along the water's edge. They have those proper roots 85 00:05:05,240 --> 00:05:08,000 Speaker 1: that and if you've never seen a mangrove mangrove, please 86 00:05:08,080 --> 00:05:11,520 Speaker 1: just look up red mangrove. Uh. And they're called proper 87 00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:14,360 Speaker 1: roots because they prop that tree up off the ground. 88 00:05:14,400 --> 00:05:17,560 Speaker 1: They are fully well, not fully exposed because they also 89 00:05:17,600 --> 00:05:20,760 Speaker 1: go into the water, into the soil, but they're largely 90 00:05:20,800 --> 00:05:26,640 Speaker 1: exposed and they are just tangled, gnarly beautiful roots that again, 91 00:05:27,520 --> 00:05:30,520 Speaker 1: I can't imagine trying to navigate through a mangrove forests. 92 00:05:30,560 --> 00:05:33,560 Speaker 1: You probably had to go around. Yeah, it can be 93 00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:37,000 Speaker 1: really really thick um both above water and below water 94 00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:39,599 Speaker 1: because of those roots. So those roots, um, if you 95 00:05:39,680 --> 00:05:42,320 Speaker 1: see them, that means that it's low tide, high tide, 96 00:05:42,320 --> 00:05:45,240 Speaker 1: they're usually covered up with water. But it's like you said, 97 00:05:45,279 --> 00:05:48,279 Speaker 1: they propped the tree up. And so for that reason, 98 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:50,800 Speaker 1: because at low tide, you can see the bottom of 99 00:05:50,839 --> 00:05:54,120 Speaker 1: the tree and it's above ground. Um. They're sometimes called 100 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:57,440 Speaker 1: walking trees, but they're pretty neat. And the red mangrove 101 00:05:57,560 --> 00:06:00,479 Speaker 1: is I think anyone who knows about mangroves seen a 102 00:06:00,520 --> 00:06:03,000 Speaker 1: mangrove probably is what they're thinking of as a red 103 00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:07,120 Speaker 1: mangrove because there's just those those roots are just so 104 00:06:07,720 --> 00:06:11,680 Speaker 1: characteristic and unusual, you know. Yeah, the black mangroves are 105 00:06:11,760 --> 00:06:16,080 Speaker 1: still really cool looking because they have these um protrusions 106 00:06:16,120 --> 00:06:20,120 Speaker 1: coming up out of the water called new metaphors and 107 00:06:20,440 --> 00:06:22,159 Speaker 1: just you know, put a pin in this. They but 108 00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:25,159 Speaker 1: they allow the plant to basically breathe. And we'll talk 109 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:27,479 Speaker 1: about that later. But if you look at a picture 110 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:29,799 Speaker 1: of these, it looks sort of like almost like little 111 00:06:29,920 --> 00:06:32,360 Speaker 1: just spiky roots sticking up out of the ground all 112 00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:38,279 Speaker 1: around the tree. Yeah, almost like still agmites. Um. And 113 00:06:38,320 --> 00:06:41,200 Speaker 1: I got that right too. By the way, Um, white 114 00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:45,040 Speaker 1: mangroves are. It's weird. I don't understand fully why they're 115 00:06:45,040 --> 00:06:48,360 Speaker 1: considered mangroves, aside from the fact that they must still 116 00:06:48,400 --> 00:06:52,560 Speaker 1: thrive in brackish or salty water and poor um, poor 117 00:06:52,600 --> 00:06:56,520 Speaker 1: oxygen soil. It but I guess so but they grow 118 00:06:56,600 --> 00:06:59,960 Speaker 1: inland and they have normal shallow roots systems like any 119 00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:04,160 Speaker 1: other terrestrial tree, but they're still considered mangroves. Yeah, and 120 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:06,320 Speaker 1: I don't think i've mentioned the black mangroves to grow 121 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:10,080 Speaker 1: a little bit further inland than the reds. Yeah. So 122 00:07:10,120 --> 00:07:12,600 Speaker 1: if you are, you know, looking at a cross section 123 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:16,560 Speaker 1: of the ocean hitting the land and going inland, you 124 00:07:16,600 --> 00:07:20,560 Speaker 1: would see at the ocean or at the bay or wherever, 125 00:07:21,120 --> 00:07:26,120 Speaker 1: um red mangroves on the shoreline actually growing into the 126 00:07:26,160 --> 00:07:29,320 Speaker 1: ocean depending on where the tide is behind them. You 127 00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:32,200 Speaker 1: would have the black mangroves on slightly higher ground, and 128 00:07:32,240 --> 00:07:35,240 Speaker 1: then behind those on the highest ground you would have 129 00:07:35,280 --> 00:07:37,160 Speaker 1: the white mangroves. And that's what it would look like 130 00:07:37,280 --> 00:07:39,160 Speaker 1: you put it all together, well, you have is a 131 00:07:39,200 --> 00:07:43,800 Speaker 1: mangrove forest, also known as a mangal, a mangal, which 132 00:07:43,840 --> 00:07:47,120 Speaker 1: is uh one of the more amazing We're talking about 133 00:07:47,120 --> 00:07:49,640 Speaker 1: a lot of amazing things about mangroves and mangals, but 134 00:07:50,760 --> 00:07:53,880 Speaker 1: it's the only species of tree that can grow in 135 00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:58,440 Speaker 1: salt water. Um, and big time they grow and it's 136 00:07:58,440 --> 00:08:00,000 Speaker 1: not like they love the salt. We'll see in a minute. 137 00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:03,040 Speaker 1: They have some great ways of getting rid of it. Um, 138 00:08:03,080 --> 00:08:05,120 Speaker 1: but they figured all that stuff out. But they can 139 00:08:05,160 --> 00:08:10,480 Speaker 1: grow in salinity levels of seventy five parts per thousand, 140 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:14,440 Speaker 1: which is about twice as salty as ocean water. Yeah, 141 00:08:14,600 --> 00:08:17,760 Speaker 1: that's pretty impressive because I mean, where are they growing 142 00:08:17,800 --> 00:08:20,480 Speaker 1: that that's twice as salty as ocean water? You know, 143 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:24,280 Speaker 1: I think that's just kind of showing off at that point. Well, 144 00:08:24,320 --> 00:08:27,640 Speaker 1: I didn't know if like that inland water like just 145 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:32,160 Speaker 1: accumulates salt or something. Yeah, I would Yeah, I think 146 00:08:32,200 --> 00:08:34,319 Speaker 1: you might be right. Yeah, yeah, I think you fit 147 00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:36,640 Speaker 1: upon it. Okay, So they're not showoffs. They're just doing 148 00:08:36,679 --> 00:08:38,240 Speaker 1: what they've got to do there. I mean that they're 149 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:41,000 Speaker 1: making they're making lemonade out of the lemons that that 150 00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:43,800 Speaker 1: they were handed by natural selection for where they grow. 151 00:08:44,840 --> 00:08:46,520 Speaker 1: So what about the salt? How do they get rid 152 00:08:46,559 --> 00:08:49,360 Speaker 1: of it? So you would think like they just they 153 00:08:49,400 --> 00:08:51,760 Speaker 1: can drink salt water and use it like you know 154 00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:55,920 Speaker 1: terrestrial trees use water. Not true. There's actually two techniques 155 00:08:56,280 --> 00:09:01,000 Speaker 1: where they can either um keep salt from entering their roots, 156 00:09:01,200 --> 00:09:03,439 Speaker 1: or they can take the salt in and then get 157 00:09:03,559 --> 00:09:05,600 Speaker 1: rid of it in certain ways. And so that means 158 00:09:05,640 --> 00:09:09,480 Speaker 1: that there's two types, secrets and non secrets. And black 159 00:09:09,520 --> 00:09:13,400 Speaker 1: mangroves are secrets, I believe, right, that's right. Those are 160 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:15,880 Speaker 1: the ones with a little nubby they look like sticks 161 00:09:15,920 --> 00:09:19,160 Speaker 1: almost sticking out of the water. Uh. They filter it 162 00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:21,560 Speaker 1: out and they secrete it on the leaves. So that 163 00:09:21,640 --> 00:09:24,440 Speaker 1: means if you see a black mangrove and you see 164 00:09:24,480 --> 00:09:27,360 Speaker 1: some you know, kind of chalky white stuff on the 165 00:09:27,440 --> 00:09:29,840 Speaker 1: leaf that is salt like goat, I don't know if 166 00:09:29,840 --> 00:09:31,719 Speaker 1: I should say go lick it because I don't know 167 00:09:31,720 --> 00:09:35,480 Speaker 1: if that's dangerous salt, but it's it's salty. Just trust me. 168 00:09:35,760 --> 00:09:39,760 Speaker 1: It tastes like salt. And d D T gosh um. 169 00:09:39,840 --> 00:09:44,280 Speaker 1: Red mangroves they're they're non secrets. So they actually just 170 00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:47,120 Speaker 1: don't allow salt to be taken up by their roots. 171 00:09:47,679 --> 00:09:51,160 Speaker 1: Now that's easier said than done, because their roots are 172 00:09:51,240 --> 00:09:54,800 Speaker 1: planted in the water, right, so there's water. They're taking 173 00:09:54,840 --> 00:09:58,080 Speaker 1: up water from the ocean, from salt water. And what 174 00:09:58,120 --> 00:10:01,080 Speaker 1: they do is they have cell wall that actually act 175 00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:05,360 Speaker 1: um through reverse osmosis. It lets water through, but it 176 00:10:05,400 --> 00:10:08,760 Speaker 1: doesn't let solids through, which is quite a trick. I mean, 177 00:10:08,800 --> 00:10:11,079 Speaker 1: that's something that humans have only recently figured out how 178 00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:13,520 Speaker 1: to do The mangroves have been doing it for who 179 00:10:13,559 --> 00:10:17,120 Speaker 1: knows how many, hundreds of thousands or millions of years, um. 180 00:10:17,120 --> 00:10:19,720 Speaker 1: But they do it in part because they have this hydrophobic, 181 00:10:20,200 --> 00:10:25,280 Speaker 1: lipophilic material called suberin that really serves them. Well, that's right. 182 00:10:25,360 --> 00:10:27,880 Speaker 1: It allows them to get rid of more than of 183 00:10:27,880 --> 00:10:31,000 Speaker 1: the salts in the water, which also means, which I 184 00:10:31,040 --> 00:10:33,160 Speaker 1: don't really think about until just now, that they can 185 00:10:33,320 --> 00:10:37,520 Speaker 1: They can literally tolerate I guess about ten salt content. Yeah, 186 00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:40,640 Speaker 1: I saw, but yeah, that's still a lot of salt 187 00:10:40,679 --> 00:10:44,280 Speaker 1: for a plant. Totally. Yeah. So they have at least 188 00:10:44,280 --> 00:10:47,760 Speaker 1: adapted in some ways to to tolerate salt more than 189 00:10:47,800 --> 00:10:50,199 Speaker 1: other plants. But for the most part, they're just really 190 00:10:50,240 --> 00:10:54,320 Speaker 1: good at um at keeping salt from being taken up 191 00:10:54,360 --> 00:10:57,800 Speaker 1: by their roots. I just find that fascinating. Uh And 192 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:00,960 Speaker 1: I love how Dave puts these uh he he. His 193 00:11:01,040 --> 00:11:05,720 Speaker 1: sections are labeled either mangrove magic tricks or what was 194 00:11:05,720 --> 00:11:09,920 Speaker 1: the other one, mangrove superpowers. Yeah, pretty fun. They're both 195 00:11:09,960 --> 00:11:13,200 Speaker 1: apt they are. So this is magic trick number two? 196 00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:16,360 Speaker 1: Is we mentioned? You know, I mentioned earlier that they 197 00:11:16,360 --> 00:11:20,840 Speaker 1: actually breathe through these roots. Um. I think typically you 198 00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:25,040 Speaker 1: might like to think about plants as uh, you know, 199 00:11:25,320 --> 00:11:28,520 Speaker 1: just eating up that CEO two, which they definitely do. 200 00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:32,400 Speaker 1: But plants need oxygen and they need to get oxygen 201 00:11:32,520 --> 00:11:35,640 Speaker 1: from the roots and and you know with a regular 202 00:11:35,679 --> 00:11:38,920 Speaker 1: tree and a regular forest, they're getting that like through 203 00:11:38,960 --> 00:11:43,320 Speaker 1: the soil and these little gaps between the soil. Uh 204 00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:47,679 Speaker 1: in mangrove or mangals, I guess you would say they 205 00:11:47,720 --> 00:11:50,760 Speaker 1: can't do that because the title sediments come in and 206 00:11:50,800 --> 00:11:53,400 Speaker 1: it's all water log and compacted, so they don't have 207 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,199 Speaker 1: those air gaps that you have in a normal forest. 208 00:11:56,720 --> 00:11:58,560 Speaker 1: So they kind of came up with a brilliant little 209 00:11:58,559 --> 00:12:01,679 Speaker 1: trick to get around that, right. Yeah, So the new 210 00:12:01,760 --> 00:12:06,079 Speaker 1: metaphors that black mangroves have those stalagmites um that are 211 00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:10,000 Speaker 1: coming up in in spikes around them. Those act as snorkels, 212 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:12,640 Speaker 1: so they stick up out of the water and they're 213 00:12:12,679 --> 00:12:17,200 Speaker 1: covered in these little cells called lenis als, and that's 214 00:12:17,200 --> 00:12:21,240 Speaker 1: where oxygen exchange happens. So they actually absorb oxygen through 215 00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:25,240 Speaker 1: these snorkels. They get taken into the snorkel underground, into 216 00:12:25,280 --> 00:12:29,240 Speaker 1: the other roots of the tree um and used for 217 00:12:29,440 --> 00:12:33,719 Speaker 1: um aerobic respiration, which is converting food into energy. It's 218 00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:37,760 Speaker 1: just pretty nuts. And new metaphor actually is Greek for 219 00:12:37,880 --> 00:12:41,760 Speaker 1: air carrier, so it makes sense pretty on the nose. Yeah, 220 00:12:41,800 --> 00:12:43,760 Speaker 1: some of those new metaphors can reach up to ten 221 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:47,479 Speaker 1: ft tall. Did you see that? Yeah? I didn't. Um, 222 00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:49,520 Speaker 1: I looked at a lot of pictures. I didn't see any. 223 00:12:49,600 --> 00:12:52,120 Speaker 1: That's all with my eyeballs. But I've looked because I 224 00:12:52,120 --> 00:12:54,280 Speaker 1: wanted to see that. Yeah, I didn't see it either. 225 00:12:54,440 --> 00:12:56,880 Speaker 1: It could be made up. So then you've got this, 226 00:12:57,440 --> 00:13:00,680 Speaker 1: I don't think so. Um. Then you've got the red 227 00:13:00,720 --> 00:13:02,920 Speaker 1: mangroves that we talked about for my money, like the 228 00:13:02,920 --> 00:13:06,800 Speaker 1: money mangrove, and those proper roots serve the same purpose 229 00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:10,200 Speaker 1: as the newmataphors. They you know, like I said, they 230 00:13:10,240 --> 00:13:14,600 Speaker 1: sit up on those long um sort of curvy stilts 231 00:13:14,679 --> 00:13:18,120 Speaker 1: and they stay above water like a lot of stays 232 00:13:18,160 --> 00:13:22,040 Speaker 1: above water even at high tide at times. And they 233 00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:24,640 Speaker 1: are also covered with those linisils and they do the 234 00:13:24,679 --> 00:13:28,040 Speaker 1: same thing. They allow for that oxygen exchange to take place. Yeah. 235 00:13:28,080 --> 00:13:31,400 Speaker 1: So that explains also why there's so many roots and 236 00:13:31,480 --> 00:13:35,840 Speaker 1: so many newmataphors that that spread around these trees. It's 237 00:13:35,960 --> 00:13:39,120 Speaker 1: like if you dug up a tree of roughly the 238 00:13:39,160 --> 00:13:43,040 Speaker 1: same size. It would probably have a similar sized roots structure, 239 00:13:43,280 --> 00:13:45,319 Speaker 1: maybe a little less, but you don't see it. It's 240 00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:48,600 Speaker 1: all underground. This is above ground, so it like looks 241 00:13:48,640 --> 00:13:50,320 Speaker 1: like a lot of roots, and it is a lot 242 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:53,760 Speaker 1: of roots, but it's not necessarily more than a terrestrial 243 00:13:53,800 --> 00:13:55,959 Speaker 1: tree would have. We just don't see them. Yeah, it's 244 00:13:55,960 --> 00:14:00,800 Speaker 1: like a tree that has dropped trial. It's exactly right. 245 00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:03,520 Speaker 1: It's porky pig in it. Should we uh, should we 246 00:14:03,559 --> 00:14:07,800 Speaker 1: take a break at mangrove magic trick number two? Yeah? 247 00:14:08,040 --> 00:14:10,360 Speaker 1: Number three? Yeah, we'll come back with number three right 248 00:14:10,400 --> 00:14:36,680 Speaker 1: after this. So, Chuck, which mangrove is your favorite kind? Well, 249 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:40,560 Speaker 1: I think I've been clear. I know you're teasing me 250 00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:44,760 Speaker 1: because me and my red mangrove tirades. Uh. To me, 251 00:14:44,880 --> 00:14:47,960 Speaker 1: this is the best part of the episode and the 252 00:14:47,960 --> 00:14:51,080 Speaker 1: most amazing thing that maybe besides and we'll get to 253 00:14:51,200 --> 00:14:54,280 Speaker 1: carbon sequestration because it's amazing too. But to me, this 254 00:14:54,440 --> 00:14:59,640 Speaker 1: just knocked my socks off. That mangroves kind of give 255 00:14:59,720 --> 00:15:04,240 Speaker 1: birth two baby mangroves. I think the only reason you 256 00:15:04,280 --> 00:15:06,760 Speaker 1: want to qualify it with kind of is because our 257 00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:11,360 Speaker 1: mind rails against accepting that that's what's going on, but 258 00:15:11,480 --> 00:15:13,960 Speaker 1: that is what's going on for all intents and purposes. 259 00:15:14,040 --> 00:15:18,840 Speaker 1: That some mangroves are viviparous, meaning that it means um 260 00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:22,520 Speaker 1: live bearing to where they have seeds on their on 261 00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:26,680 Speaker 1: their plants that they develop. They're about acorn sized. But 262 00:15:26,760 --> 00:15:29,160 Speaker 1: then rather than the seed falling off and dispersing and 263 00:15:29,160 --> 00:15:33,160 Speaker 1: then eventually growing into a seedling, something much more mind 264 00:15:33,160 --> 00:15:37,800 Speaker 1: blowing happens with mangroves. That's right. The seedling is actually 265 00:15:37,880 --> 00:15:44,240 Speaker 1: produced on the tree itself, and they uh, they sort 266 00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:48,400 Speaker 1: of that's sort of keep qualifying it. They self plant themselves. 267 00:15:49,440 --> 00:15:51,560 Speaker 1: Eventually this thing is going to fall off. You've got 268 00:15:51,560 --> 00:15:54,560 Speaker 1: to look up the video on the internet. There are 269 00:15:54,600 --> 00:15:57,680 Speaker 1: many out there where it shows these you know, acorn 270 00:15:57,760 --> 00:15:59,840 Speaker 1: like things. They grow down to these sort of long 271 00:16:00,120 --> 00:16:03,200 Speaker 1: arrow like, you know, green arrows that are pointing down 272 00:16:03,720 --> 00:16:07,480 Speaker 1: and eventually they just go and they snap off and 273 00:16:07,520 --> 00:16:10,560 Speaker 1: they go straight down and they either stick into the 274 00:16:10,600 --> 00:16:13,520 Speaker 1: ground at low tide or I saw them in two 275 00:16:13,600 --> 00:16:16,520 Speaker 1: ft of ocean water just going straight through and sticking 276 00:16:16,520 --> 00:16:19,680 Speaker 1: into the sand and they plant themselves. They do, they 277 00:16:19,800 --> 00:16:22,520 Speaker 1: plant themselves in that sandy bottom and then they sprout 278 00:16:22,680 --> 00:16:25,320 Speaker 1: roots really fast. I saw that they can start growing 279 00:16:25,400 --> 00:16:29,160 Speaker 1: roots within hours um, which means that also if they 280 00:16:29,280 --> 00:16:31,960 Speaker 1: don't fall straight down, if they fall and they land 281 00:16:31,960 --> 00:16:35,880 Speaker 1: on their side, they can actually stand themselves up by 282 00:16:35,880 --> 00:16:39,560 Speaker 1: growing roots on the ground facing side and then grow 283 00:16:39,640 --> 00:16:42,640 Speaker 1: roots on the other side as well, which is pretty amazing. 284 00:16:43,120 --> 00:16:45,640 Speaker 1: What's even more amazing is that if they fall, they 285 00:16:45,640 --> 00:16:47,920 Speaker 1: happen to fall it like high tide, and it's pretty deep, 286 00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:50,680 Speaker 1: and they never touched the bottom in any way. They'll 287 00:16:50,680 --> 00:16:54,160 Speaker 1: float along, they'll go out to sea and as they're 288 00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:57,960 Speaker 1: out to see they're a little tree growing like growing leaves, 289 00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:02,160 Speaker 1: getting water um from the ocean and doing photosynthesis in 290 00:17:02,200 --> 00:17:04,439 Speaker 1: the sunlight. And they can float around for up to 291 00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:08,240 Speaker 1: a year before they make land and stand themselves up 292 00:17:08,320 --> 00:17:13,359 Speaker 1: and grow roots wherever they land. It's just unbelievable because 293 00:17:13,440 --> 00:17:18,320 Speaker 1: this was an evolutionary adaptation. Uh, because my first thought was, well, 294 00:17:18,320 --> 00:17:21,360 Speaker 1: why don't why doesn't the acorn like seed just fall 295 00:17:21,400 --> 00:17:24,119 Speaker 1: into the water and float around. But it must have 296 00:17:24,800 --> 00:17:27,600 Speaker 1: just not been able to survive and got water logged 297 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:31,120 Speaker 1: and died and and adapted to grow on the tree 298 00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:34,400 Speaker 1: itself and get that little seedling started. Yeah, because thing 299 00:17:34,400 --> 00:17:37,920 Speaker 1: about this chuck. A seedling is a small viable tree 300 00:17:38,160 --> 00:17:40,399 Speaker 1: all it has everything it needs to grow, So it's 301 00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:46,080 Speaker 1: an individual organism. And when the um, the the mangrove 302 00:17:46,200 --> 00:17:50,240 Speaker 1: is growing the seedling on its tree, on itself, that's 303 00:17:50,320 --> 00:17:53,000 Speaker 1: just station. Because when it drops off, it's like of 304 00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:55,600 Speaker 1: giraffe dropping a baby out like three or four ft 305 00:17:55,600 --> 00:17:59,399 Speaker 1: above above the ground. It's the same thing. It's just station. 306 00:17:59,480 --> 00:18:03,040 Speaker 1: It's a lot. I've birth of a plant. It's nuts, man, 307 00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:06,200 Speaker 1: I love it in the baby draft sticks its nose 308 00:18:06,240 --> 00:18:09,040 Speaker 1: into the ground and it's it grows from there for 309 00:18:09,119 --> 00:18:11,520 Speaker 1: months and months, plant some roots out of its head 310 00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:14,680 Speaker 1: and they go. Uh. Let's talk about the mangals a 311 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:17,840 Speaker 1: little bit. We've talked about um the fact that these 312 00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:22,560 Speaker 1: forests are very dense, but it is a dense ecosystem 313 00:18:22,600 --> 00:18:24,359 Speaker 1: that is dense and more ways than one. It's not 314 00:18:24,400 --> 00:18:26,960 Speaker 1: just all these gnarly roots that you see everywhere. There 315 00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:31,480 Speaker 1: are all kinds of fish habitats and wildlife habitats that 316 00:18:31,560 --> 00:18:34,680 Speaker 1: exist in these mangals. Yeah. One of the reason why 317 00:18:34,760 --> 00:18:38,320 Speaker 1: these like um root systems and why the above water 318 00:18:38,680 --> 00:18:41,880 Speaker 1: um parts of the trees are all just so thick, 319 00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:44,000 Speaker 1: like you're saying it's so hard to get through is 320 00:18:44,080 --> 00:18:47,200 Speaker 1: because of the way that they drop seedlings right off 321 00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:51,440 Speaker 1: of their tree right around them. So these mangals develop 322 00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:55,399 Speaker 1: into these really thick deposits of trees and shrubs above 323 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:58,880 Speaker 1: water and below water because they grow so closely together, 324 00:18:59,240 --> 00:19:01,520 Speaker 1: and as they grow, a migrate one way or another, 325 00:19:01,920 --> 00:19:04,080 Speaker 1: or they just spread out one way or another, sometimes 326 00:19:04,080 --> 00:19:07,320 Speaker 1: towards the ocean, sometimes behind them, sometimes to either side 327 00:19:07,320 --> 00:19:09,640 Speaker 1: of the shore. But that's how they grow, and that's 328 00:19:09,640 --> 00:19:12,520 Speaker 1: why they're so dense too, uh, and that provides a 329 00:19:12,560 --> 00:19:15,760 Speaker 1: lot of protection for these habitats. Uh. They're all manner 330 00:19:15,760 --> 00:19:18,840 Speaker 1: of fish. If you're in Florida, you're gonna see gray 331 00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:22,359 Speaker 1: snapper in there, or you probably won't see them um snook, 332 00:19:22,440 --> 00:19:26,920 Speaker 1: tarpin um. This is pretty remarkable that goliath grouper, which 333 00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:31,280 Speaker 1: is actually endangered, spends their first six years in that 334 00:19:31,320 --> 00:19:34,240 Speaker 1: mangal before it goes to open water. Yeah, and it's 335 00:19:34,240 --> 00:19:36,400 Speaker 1: not just like a few kinds of fish like things 336 00:19:36,440 --> 00:19:42,840 Speaker 1: like octopi, sharks, shrimp, mollusks, just tons of different kinds 337 00:19:42,840 --> 00:19:46,280 Speaker 1: of fish, like this is their nursery ground because these roots, 338 00:19:46,320 --> 00:19:49,840 Speaker 1: these tangle of roots provide a place for juveniles to 339 00:19:49,920 --> 00:19:53,200 Speaker 1: like hide out of reach of predators and get bigger 340 00:19:53,240 --> 00:19:55,679 Speaker 1: and bigger, because it's also a very nourishing place for 341 00:19:55,720 --> 00:19:59,600 Speaker 1: them to eat too. So they're they're really really important 342 00:19:59,800 --> 00:20:03,600 Speaker 1: as nurseries for all kinds of sea life. Yeah. And 343 00:20:03,640 --> 00:20:07,440 Speaker 1: if you're talking about eating seafood, the commercial fishing industry, 344 00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:10,440 Speaker 1: and this just sort of shows you how important these 345 00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:15,240 Speaker 1: mangals are. Uh, one square mile loss of mangroves forest 346 00:20:15,800 --> 00:20:19,240 Speaker 1: would lose about two hundred and seventy five thousand pounds 347 00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:23,080 Speaker 1: of fish every year. Uh. And then that's not even 348 00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:27,159 Speaker 1: to speak of all the indigenous communities that um, that 349 00:20:27,680 --> 00:20:31,840 Speaker 1: are you know, rely on these fish to provide their sustenance. Right. 350 00:20:31,880 --> 00:20:34,320 Speaker 1: And so that's just the below water part of the mangal. 351 00:20:34,560 --> 00:20:36,879 Speaker 1: The above water part of the mangal basically does the 352 00:20:36,920 --> 00:20:44,600 Speaker 1: same thing. But for terrestrial and arboreal animals like monkeys, insects, reptiles, birds, 353 00:20:44,880 --> 00:20:48,080 Speaker 1: they make their home and their nurseries in those um 354 00:20:48,119 --> 00:20:52,480 Speaker 1: the mangals, to the branches, the leaves, the trunks, um, 355 00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:55,360 Speaker 1: those are really just as important for above ground animals 356 00:20:55,359 --> 00:20:58,240 Speaker 1: as they are for below water animals. Yeah. And you 357 00:20:58,280 --> 00:21:03,000 Speaker 1: mentioned that Bengal tiger. Uh. This was also in this 358 00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:08,639 Speaker 1: some Darbin's right. Yes, and this is the largest single 359 00:21:08,680 --> 00:21:11,639 Speaker 1: population of Bengal tigers on planet Earth, and it's only 360 00:21:11,680 --> 00:21:14,199 Speaker 1: about a hundred of them, but they live in these uh, 361 00:21:14,280 --> 00:21:19,760 Speaker 1: in these mangals. Yes. And also attention Kristen bell Uh, 362 00:21:19,880 --> 00:21:24,120 Speaker 1: if you are ambivalent about mangrove forests, prepared to care 363 00:21:24,720 --> 00:21:29,640 Speaker 1: because in Panama, the pigmy three toad sloth, critically endangered 364 00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:33,639 Speaker 1: by the way, only makes its home in mangrove forests. Sound. 365 00:21:33,640 --> 00:21:37,720 Speaker 1: That's right, So you gotta care now. I still watched 366 00:21:37,760 --> 00:21:39,560 Speaker 1: that video of her in that sloth about once every 367 00:21:39,560 --> 00:21:43,040 Speaker 1: two years. Yes, it's just one of the great human 368 00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:46,040 Speaker 1: reactions to something. Yeah, and I remember how hardened we 369 00:21:46,040 --> 00:21:48,359 Speaker 1: were when we realized that she didn't touch it, even 370 00:21:48,359 --> 00:21:50,920 Speaker 1: though you clearly wanted to more than she's ever wanted 371 00:21:50,920 --> 00:21:53,119 Speaker 1: to do anything or life. But she doesn't. She didn't 372 00:21:53,119 --> 00:21:56,480 Speaker 1: do it, you know, for her, it's pretty great. I 373 00:21:56,480 --> 00:21:59,640 Speaker 1: think we can move on to some superpowers, right, Yeah, 374 00:21:59,680 --> 00:22:04,040 Speaker 1: man of superpower number one, which is coastline protection, which 375 00:22:04,080 --> 00:22:06,960 Speaker 1: is pretty important if you live along the coast. Yeah, 376 00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:10,840 Speaker 1: this is a big one, um one great benefit of 377 00:22:10,880 --> 00:22:15,280 Speaker 1: all those above ground gnarly mess of roots that are 378 00:22:15,320 --> 00:22:18,480 Speaker 1: everywhere is and it just makes perfect common sense when 379 00:22:18,480 --> 00:22:22,280 Speaker 1: you look at them. Is they make great wave breaks? Um, 380 00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:25,760 Speaker 1: any kind of wave, even like a tsunamic. Is that 381 00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:29,720 Speaker 1: a word? It is? Now? I think it's a great word, right. 382 00:22:29,760 --> 00:22:33,399 Speaker 1: Tsunami's wave is going to be cut down big time 383 00:22:33,520 --> 00:22:36,080 Speaker 1: when it hits this stuff. It's just gonna you know, 384 00:22:36,200 --> 00:22:38,040 Speaker 1: just cut through and disperse it in in a really 385 00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:42,160 Speaker 1: profound way. Yeah, because there's so many different like roots 386 00:22:42,160 --> 00:22:45,119 Speaker 1: and individual things to bump into on the way to 387 00:22:45,160 --> 00:22:48,280 Speaker 1: the shore that it's going to reduce its energy um, 388 00:22:48,320 --> 00:22:52,160 Speaker 1: which means that it reduces one of the pernicious effects 389 00:22:52,200 --> 00:22:55,080 Speaker 1: that waves have on shore, which is erosion. And not 390 00:22:55,200 --> 00:22:58,040 Speaker 1: only does it reduce erosion because the waves don't have 391 00:22:58,119 --> 00:23:00,600 Speaker 1: enough energy to take stuff back out to see it 392 00:23:00,680 --> 00:23:04,399 Speaker 1: actually has them deposit the sediments that they're bringing to 393 00:23:04,560 --> 00:23:08,160 Speaker 1: the shore in the mangrove swamps. And if you compare, 394 00:23:08,280 --> 00:23:10,879 Speaker 1: if you combine that, I should say, with the really 395 00:23:11,280 --> 00:23:15,840 Speaker 1: um low oxygen um uh environments that make up the 396 00:23:15,920 --> 00:23:20,480 Speaker 1: mucky bottom in a mangrove mangal um, you, if I 397 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:22,240 Speaker 1: guess you can kind of flash back to our coal 398 00:23:22,359 --> 00:23:24,320 Speaker 1: The mystery of coal episode where we talked a lot 399 00:23:24,359 --> 00:23:28,160 Speaker 1: about how swamps work like that. So the mangrove swamps 400 00:23:28,160 --> 00:23:30,080 Speaker 1: are very much like that as well. But then in 401 00:23:30,119 --> 00:23:33,520 Speaker 1: addition to that, they have um ocean sediments being brought 402 00:23:33,560 --> 00:23:35,919 Speaker 1: all this organic stuff being brought from the oceans layering 403 00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:39,720 Speaker 1: with the mucky sediment that um from the mangroves falling 404 00:23:39,720 --> 00:23:42,920 Speaker 1: into the muck um, which means that they're like holding 405 00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:47,080 Speaker 1: onto a lot of stuff and building up soil as 406 00:23:47,080 --> 00:23:50,000 Speaker 1: a matter of fact, so much so that they outpaces 407 00:23:50,240 --> 00:23:53,439 Speaker 1: sea level rises in some areas. Yeah. I mean that 408 00:23:53,520 --> 00:23:55,760 Speaker 1: this kind of falls under one of their other superpowers 409 00:23:55,840 --> 00:24:00,520 Speaker 1: is the fact that they are literally sequestering carbon. But 410 00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:03,680 Speaker 1: I think that they they add about and we'll get 411 00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:05,919 Speaker 1: to that in more detail in a minute. But um, 412 00:24:05,960 --> 00:24:09,960 Speaker 1: in Australia, some mangrove or some mangals in Australian belize 413 00:24:10,359 --> 00:24:17,400 Speaker 1: at about ten millimeters or more of coastal soil each year. Yeah, 414 00:24:17,440 --> 00:24:20,400 Speaker 1: I mean, that doesn't sound like that much, but sea 415 00:24:20,480 --> 00:24:23,000 Speaker 1: level rise is coming in at about three point two 416 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:26,080 Speaker 1: meters a year or so in parts of Australian belize. 417 00:24:26,080 --> 00:24:29,399 Speaker 1: It is actually outpacing climate change. Yeah, that's pretty cool 418 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,200 Speaker 1: and that's really really important because the sea levels rise. 419 00:24:32,240 --> 00:24:34,359 Speaker 1: If the soil level is rising, we don't have to 420 00:24:34,359 --> 00:24:36,879 Speaker 1: worry quite as much about sea level rise there. But 421 00:24:37,119 --> 00:24:40,239 Speaker 1: that's only in some spots, as we'll see. Yeah, and uh, 422 00:24:40,280 --> 00:24:42,640 Speaker 1: as far as the waves go uh and we're talking 423 00:24:42,640 --> 00:24:46,280 Speaker 1: about tsunamis um well with just regular waves, for every 424 00:24:46,359 --> 00:24:49,160 Speaker 1: hundred meters of a mangrove for us that a wave 425 00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:52,520 Speaker 1: will hit, uh, its height can decrease by as much 426 00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:57,800 Speaker 1: as sixty six uh. And if you're looking at um 427 00:24:57,920 --> 00:25:00,760 Speaker 1: storm surges, which is you know, one of the big dangers. 428 00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:03,240 Speaker 1: It's not just the wave, is that that water surge. 429 00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:06,359 Speaker 1: If you listen to our tsunami episode, uh, there was 430 00:25:06,359 --> 00:25:10,320 Speaker 1: a study that found that store surge depths UM were 431 00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:13,280 Speaker 1: reduced about a little over a foot and a half 432 00:25:13,880 --> 00:25:17,119 Speaker 1: for every little more than a half a mile uh 433 00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:20,919 Speaker 1: fifty centimeters over every kilometer. And that doesn't sound like 434 00:25:20,960 --> 00:25:24,440 Speaker 1: a ton, But if you've got a mangrove forests that's 435 00:25:24,480 --> 00:25:27,280 Speaker 1: you know, several miles deep, then we're talking you know, 436 00:25:27,480 --> 00:25:32,479 Speaker 1: six or seven feet of uh less storm surge happening, 437 00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:34,760 Speaker 1: and that can make a really big difference in flooding. 438 00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:37,240 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, because the storm surge is what gets you. 439 00:25:37,359 --> 00:25:40,080 Speaker 1: I mean, it can flood miles and miles inland. It 440 00:25:40,160 --> 00:25:43,080 Speaker 1: carries all sorts of debris with it has so much 441 00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:46,000 Speaker 1: energy it can just rip buildings down. It's a real 442 00:25:46,119 --> 00:25:49,480 Speaker 1: problem from hurricanes. It's that flooding from the storm surge. 443 00:25:49,760 --> 00:25:52,960 Speaker 1: But because those mangroves are there to absorb a bunch 444 00:25:52,960 --> 00:25:55,919 Speaker 1: of that energy, it just doesn't have the opportunity to 445 00:25:55,960 --> 00:25:59,760 Speaker 1: come nearly as far inland. So mangrove forests, especially thick 446 00:25:59,800 --> 00:26:05,119 Speaker 1: one save human lives and you would guess animal lives too. Yeah, 447 00:26:05,160 --> 00:26:07,600 Speaker 1: And we've seen the sort of the this bear out 448 00:26:07,640 --> 00:26:12,160 Speaker 1: in very sad ways when mangrove forests have disappeared. Um. 449 00:26:12,200 --> 00:26:15,560 Speaker 1: I think it was in the Indo Pacific region in 450 00:26:15,560 --> 00:26:18,840 Speaker 1: the nineteen fifties they used to have about five miles 451 00:26:18,880 --> 00:26:22,560 Speaker 1: like deep of mangrove forest. By the nineteen nineties they 452 00:26:22,560 --> 00:26:26,000 Speaker 1: were depleted because of shrimp farming. We'll talk about that 453 00:26:26,080 --> 00:26:30,439 Speaker 1: later as well, but basically, you know, human cause depletion. Uh. 454 00:26:30,480 --> 00:26:33,120 Speaker 1: And in ninety one there was a cyclone that hit 455 00:26:33,160 --> 00:26:35,960 Speaker 1: the coast of Bangladesh where there were no longer any 456 00:26:35,960 --> 00:26:39,040 Speaker 1: mangrove for us to cut down on that impact and 457 00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:41,440 Speaker 1: there was no buffer and there was a big twenty 458 00:26:41,480 --> 00:26:45,080 Speaker 1: ft storm surge and almost a hundred and forty thousand 459 00:26:45,160 --> 00:26:49,880 Speaker 1: people died, right I saw, I saw that. Um, they 460 00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:51,960 Speaker 1: had a lot of those people died because they weren't 461 00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:55,760 Speaker 1: they didn't use storm shelters in addition to the mangrove 462 00:26:55,800 --> 00:26:59,560 Speaker 1: buffer being gone, and that they had built the storm's shelters, Chuck. 463 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:04,600 Speaker 1: After a nineteen seventies cyclone that killed five hundred thousand 464 00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:09,160 Speaker 1: people in Bangladesh, can you believe that? Can you imagine 465 00:27:09,160 --> 00:27:12,800 Speaker 1: a storm killing half a million people in your country 466 00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:18,399 Speaker 1: or your little area. That's insane, it is, that's devastating. Uh, 467 00:27:18,680 --> 00:27:22,880 Speaker 1: it's biblical, you know. Yeah. Uh. They did some studies 468 00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:25,760 Speaker 1: to with um the tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 469 00:27:25,800 --> 00:27:30,000 Speaker 1: two thousand four, and they found that the mangroves there 470 00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:33,480 Speaker 1: were about a hundred meters deep and they at least 471 00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:38,560 Speaker 1: helped reduce those waves between five and thirty So that's 472 00:27:38,600 --> 00:27:40,639 Speaker 1: that's a big deal. You know, six feet of storm 473 00:27:40,680 --> 00:27:43,520 Speaker 1: surge up to thirty percent of wave height and the 474 00:27:43,560 --> 00:27:47,639 Speaker 1: initial um Russian from the ocean is you're saving a 475 00:27:47,720 --> 00:27:50,440 Speaker 1: lot of lives in that case. Yeah, And I mean, 476 00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:53,959 Speaker 1: you saw how bad the Indian Ocean tsunami was too. 477 00:27:54,040 --> 00:27:55,920 Speaker 1: It just makes you wonder, like how much worse it 478 00:27:55,960 --> 00:27:59,440 Speaker 1: could have been without mangroves. Um. So I say we 479 00:27:59,560 --> 00:28:01,479 Speaker 1: take our say can break and we come back and 480 00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:05,919 Speaker 1: talk about carbon sequestration. That's right, a k A. Superpower 481 00:28:05,960 --> 00:28:30,520 Speaker 1: number two. All right, we had promise of superpower number 482 00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:33,639 Speaker 1: two and we tease a little bit early earlier I 483 00:28:33,680 --> 00:28:37,440 Speaker 1: did about carbon sequestration. Uh so we need to talk 484 00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:41,320 Speaker 1: a little bit about what people are calling a blue 485 00:28:41,360 --> 00:28:47,560 Speaker 1: carbon ecosystem, blue sort of referencing the ocean. Yeah, it's 486 00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:50,880 Speaker 1: it's basically the same thing like you know, trees inland 487 00:28:50,960 --> 00:28:55,280 Speaker 1: capturing carbon and storing them in their their bits and parts. 488 00:28:55,960 --> 00:28:59,440 Speaker 1: This is this is just um coastal vegetation doing the 489 00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:03,640 Speaker 1: same thing. Um. And the thing is is, like trees, 490 00:29:04,720 --> 00:29:09,000 Speaker 1: they're really efficient capturing carbon and storing it. But because 491 00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:13,040 Speaker 1: of our friends fungi and rot um, when the tree dies, 492 00:29:13,480 --> 00:29:16,720 Speaker 1: that carbon gets released back into the ecosystem and even 493 00:29:16,720 --> 00:29:20,320 Speaker 1: possibly back into the atmosphere if say, like a wildfire 494 00:29:20,400 --> 00:29:26,800 Speaker 1: happens atmosphere hot wheels. That is right, But you know 495 00:29:26,840 --> 00:29:29,840 Speaker 1: how we mentioned before that UM, with that soil that 496 00:29:30,440 --> 00:29:32,720 Speaker 1: the water is basically the ocean wait is just sitting 497 00:29:32,720 --> 00:29:36,000 Speaker 1: on top of it is not it's just building up 498 00:29:36,040 --> 00:29:39,680 Speaker 1: to that salty peat and that carbon is not being 499 00:29:39,720 --> 00:29:42,840 Speaker 1: released like it does in a terrestrial forest, and it's 500 00:29:42,880 --> 00:29:47,800 Speaker 1: not breaking down. So it is a champion at storing carbon. 501 00:29:48,000 --> 00:29:51,400 Speaker 1: Not only good at it, but really good at it. Yeah, 502 00:29:51,640 --> 00:29:54,920 Speaker 1: it's like the Judah Friedlander of forests as far as 503 00:29:54,960 --> 00:30:00,480 Speaker 1: carbon sequestration goes. I love Juda Freelander. We actually met 504 00:30:00,520 --> 00:30:02,600 Speaker 1: him once, but I don't get the joke. Oh. He 505 00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:06,120 Speaker 1: always wore I had the said world okay, and he 506 00:30:06,160 --> 00:30:08,400 Speaker 1: was always boasting about stuff like that. Yeah, yeah, I 507 00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:10,840 Speaker 1: love that guy. When we met him at an event 508 00:30:10,840 --> 00:30:13,800 Speaker 1: with Jesse Thorn and Hodgeman many years ago, and this 509 00:30:13,840 --> 00:30:18,080 Speaker 1: is kind of during his run on uh thirty Rock 510 00:30:18,280 --> 00:30:20,080 Speaker 1: and that this is when also I was also wearing 511 00:30:20,120 --> 00:30:22,960 Speaker 1: my last Chance garage at all the time, which I 512 00:30:22,960 --> 00:30:24,560 Speaker 1: haven't put on in a couple of years, I hate 513 00:30:24,600 --> 00:30:28,400 Speaker 1: to say so, probably a few years um. But he 514 00:30:28,760 --> 00:30:31,760 Speaker 1: remember when I met him, he went and in that 515 00:30:31,840 --> 00:30:33,640 Speaker 1: face of his he kind of peered up at my 516 00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:36,680 Speaker 1: hat and that patch and he went, all right, okay, cool. 517 00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:40,440 Speaker 1: That was a great Freedland. I was like, hey, I 518 00:30:40,480 --> 00:30:43,160 Speaker 1: got the stamp of approval from the hat guy. Yeah, 519 00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:46,400 Speaker 1: definitely the hand guy first. It was cool so but yeah, 520 00:30:46,440 --> 00:30:50,120 Speaker 1: so mangroves are are the champion of carbon sequestration, so 521 00:30:50,200 --> 00:30:53,800 Speaker 1: much so that they are four times more efficient than 522 00:30:53,960 --> 00:30:58,600 Speaker 1: terrestrial um vegetation at storing carbon, which makes him like 523 00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:02,400 Speaker 1: a bona fide car and sinc. Mangrove forests are um 524 00:31:02,480 --> 00:31:05,280 Speaker 1: and again it's because there's just no decay, there's no fungus, 525 00:31:05,320 --> 00:31:08,040 Speaker 1: there's no rot. All the stuff that all the vegetation 526 00:31:08,080 --> 00:31:11,680 Speaker 1: that dies and falls down into the mock just gets 527 00:31:11,680 --> 00:31:13,840 Speaker 1: stuck there and covered over and doesn't get a chance 528 00:31:13,880 --> 00:31:17,240 Speaker 1: to break down. So as long as you don't dig 529 00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:20,040 Speaker 1: up or destroy a mangrove forest and cut up the 530 00:31:20,080 --> 00:31:23,280 Speaker 1: peat to use it as as cheap fuel, you've got 531 00:31:23,280 --> 00:31:26,720 Speaker 1: a really good carbon sink on your hands. Yeah. To 532 00:31:26,800 --> 00:31:30,960 Speaker 1: the tune of UM, worldwide, mangals account for about six 533 00:31:31,080 --> 00:31:35,440 Speaker 1: point four billion tons of carbon that's being held in check. 534 00:31:36,120 --> 00:31:39,160 Speaker 1: That means when you do do something like you hinted at, 535 00:31:39,720 --> 00:31:44,120 Speaker 1: it can have devastating effects for the world. Surprise, surprise, Uh, 536 00:31:44,160 --> 00:31:46,920 Speaker 1: If you cut down a mangrove forests, that carbon is 537 00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:50,640 Speaker 1: gonna be released, that sequestra carbon is slowly gonna creep 538 00:31:50,640 --> 00:31:55,480 Speaker 1: back into the atmosphere. From two thousand UM, roughly a 539 00:31:55,520 --> 00:31:59,120 Speaker 1: hundred and twenty two million tons of carbon extra carbon 540 00:31:59,240 --> 00:32:02,479 Speaker 1: were released into the atmosphere because of the destruction of 541 00:32:02,560 --> 00:32:08,000 Speaker 1: mangrove forests and uh, between eighty and two thousand, thirty 542 00:32:09,160 --> 00:32:12,320 Speaker 1: of the mangals of the world have been stripped away 543 00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:18,040 Speaker 1: and it is outpacing like the tropical rainforest construction. That's 544 00:32:18,120 --> 00:32:20,800 Speaker 1: mind boggling because if you just hear the figures on 545 00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:24,520 Speaker 1: how how frequently and how much rainforest is cut down, 546 00:32:25,160 --> 00:32:28,280 Speaker 1: the idea that mangrove forest is outpacing it is pretty nuts. 547 00:32:28,560 --> 00:32:33,040 Speaker 1: But apparently um Me and Mar is the current hot 548 00:32:33,080 --> 00:32:38,440 Speaker 1: spot for mangrove deforestation. Between two thousand and sixteen, Me 549 00:32:38,480 --> 00:32:43,600 Speaker 1: and Mark cut down six of its mangals just gone. 550 00:32:44,560 --> 00:32:46,479 Speaker 1: Part of the problem is is like you can restore 551 00:32:46,520 --> 00:32:49,320 Speaker 1: mangrove forest. Fortunately, we'll talk about some people who do that, 552 00:32:49,960 --> 00:32:52,520 Speaker 1: but it can take a while. And sometimes when you 553 00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:56,760 Speaker 1: restore some mangroves, you put the seedlings in and UH, 554 00:32:57,080 --> 00:32:59,320 Speaker 1: typhoon or a cyclone or a hurricane comes along and 555 00:32:59,360 --> 00:33:02,960 Speaker 1: just washes them all away. So if your timing is wrong, uh, 556 00:33:03,040 --> 00:33:04,920 Speaker 1: it might take a very long time for you to 557 00:33:04,960 --> 00:33:07,560 Speaker 1: restore a mangrove forest. So it's it's not something you 558 00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:11,880 Speaker 1: want to cut down willy nilly, basically, no. Um. Shrimp 559 00:33:11,920 --> 00:33:14,760 Speaker 1: farming is something we mentioned earlier in passing. But they 560 00:33:14,760 --> 00:33:19,600 Speaker 1: are the biggest culprit responsible for thirty of mangrove for 561 00:33:19,760 --> 00:33:23,240 Speaker 1: us loss. And you know people love shrimp all around 562 00:33:23,240 --> 00:33:27,160 Speaker 1: the world, and in Thailand in the eighties and nineties, UM, 563 00:33:27,240 --> 00:33:30,200 Speaker 1: and in other places as well, but especially Thailand. Uh, 564 00:33:30,240 --> 00:33:32,120 Speaker 1: they've cut down a lot of mangrove for us to 565 00:33:32,320 --> 00:33:36,040 Speaker 1: make these uh shrimp farms along the coastline. UH. And 566 00:33:36,040 --> 00:33:38,640 Speaker 1: then you've also got the sea level rise that's uh 567 00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:43,320 Speaker 1: causing destruction. We mentioned parts of Australian belize that those 568 00:33:43,440 --> 00:33:47,280 Speaker 1: um soiled deposits are outpacing it. But that's only in 569 00:33:47,320 --> 00:33:49,480 Speaker 1: a couple of those places it is. It is not 570 00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:53,120 Speaker 1: doing that in other areas. No. Um, so that means 571 00:33:53,120 --> 00:33:57,080 Speaker 1: that sea level rises outpacing soiled deposition there. UM. I 572 00:33:57,120 --> 00:33:58,920 Speaker 1: want to say one more thing about shrimp farming too. 573 00:33:58,960 --> 00:34:02,320 Speaker 1: I looked a little bit into it, cannot decide maybe 574 00:34:02,320 --> 00:34:05,880 Speaker 1: it deserves its own episode Who Knows. One of the 575 00:34:05,880 --> 00:34:09,120 Speaker 1: other problems with shrimp farming, in addition to um a 576 00:34:09,160 --> 00:34:12,920 Speaker 1: shrimp farm sharing the same kind of land or a 577 00:34:12,960 --> 00:34:16,320 Speaker 1: mangrove forest that landed occupies being desirable for a shrimp 578 00:34:16,360 --> 00:34:18,520 Speaker 1: farm so you cut down mangro forest to build a 579 00:34:18,520 --> 00:34:22,040 Speaker 1: shrimp farm, is that when you harvest shrimp, you basically 580 00:34:22,080 --> 00:34:25,759 Speaker 1: have to refresh the water. So shrimp farmers typically just 581 00:34:25,800 --> 00:34:28,839 Speaker 1: basically opened a dam and let all the water out, 582 00:34:29,080 --> 00:34:32,640 Speaker 1: and the water is filled with tons of nutrients that 583 00:34:32,920 --> 00:34:37,560 Speaker 1: overwhelmed the carrying capacity of the ecosystems the mangrove forests 584 00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:40,880 Speaker 1: around the shrimp farm, and you get what's called an 585 00:34:40,920 --> 00:34:43,839 Speaker 1: algae bloom, which sucks up all the oxygen, kills off 586 00:34:43,880 --> 00:34:47,480 Speaker 1: all the fish, and has just this devastating effect on 587 00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:52,040 Speaker 1: the ecosystem surrounding it. So shrimp farming is really hard 588 00:34:52,320 --> 00:34:56,040 Speaker 1: on the areas where it takes place, not just from 589 00:34:56,080 --> 00:34:58,480 Speaker 1: the shrimp farms themselves, but from what comes out of 590 00:34:58,520 --> 00:35:00,640 Speaker 1: the shrimp farms as well. And there's just so many 591 00:35:00,880 --> 00:35:04,719 Speaker 1: basic good best practices that could be followed that just 592 00:35:04,800 --> 00:35:08,800 Speaker 1: aren't followed that there's almost like a general like duh 593 00:35:08,880 --> 00:35:11,319 Speaker 1: coming out of the shrimp farming industry. As far as 594 00:35:11,360 --> 00:35:14,319 Speaker 1: I can tell, that really needs to be fixed. It's 595 00:35:14,360 --> 00:35:16,759 Speaker 1: almost as if they just wanted to continue to make 596 00:35:16,800 --> 00:35:20,040 Speaker 1: as much money as they can before they're regulated in 597 00:35:20,040 --> 00:35:21,880 Speaker 1: some way. But I mean, what are you gonna do 598 00:35:21,960 --> 00:35:23,799 Speaker 1: if you try to regulate them at all? You've got 599 00:35:23,840 --> 00:35:27,080 Speaker 1: a nanny state on your hands. And who wants that? Yeah, 600 00:35:27,080 --> 00:35:30,279 Speaker 1: and it's shrimp farming is just one tiny fraction of 601 00:35:31,320 --> 00:35:34,440 Speaker 1: the great amounts of harm that are happening to the 602 00:35:34,440 --> 00:35:37,759 Speaker 1: ocean because of lots of things, but commercial fishing and 603 00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:40,480 Speaker 1: is certainly one of them. I will say, though, it's 604 00:35:40,560 --> 00:35:45,919 Speaker 1: really hard to turn down shrimp on pizza. You're heading 605 00:35:46,000 --> 00:35:48,680 Speaker 1: or something. No, no, that's that was from years back. 606 00:35:48,800 --> 00:35:51,879 Speaker 1: I used to love shrimp on pizza. All right, talk 607 00:35:51,960 --> 00:35:53,560 Speaker 1: to me more about this. What what what? What are 608 00:35:53,560 --> 00:35:56,160 Speaker 1: we talking us? Throw some shrimp on a regular cheese 609 00:35:56,200 --> 00:35:59,960 Speaker 1: or is it like a barbecue pineapple thing? No? No, no, no, 610 00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:01,920 Speaker 1: a regular pizza. But you don't want to use just 611 00:36:01,960 --> 00:36:03,799 Speaker 1: any shrimp. You certainly don't want to use jumbo shrimp. 612 00:36:03,880 --> 00:36:06,400 Speaker 1: You want to use the little tiny salad shrimp because 613 00:36:06,480 --> 00:36:09,920 Speaker 1: they cook just enough with the pizza. Bigger shrimp might 614 00:36:09,960 --> 00:36:12,120 Speaker 1: still be partially raw. It's gonna be too big to 615 00:36:12,200 --> 00:36:15,320 Speaker 1: eat some of this. Yeah, you just throw some of 616 00:36:15,360 --> 00:36:18,240 Speaker 1: the Well, now I think they usually come already cooked, 617 00:36:18,239 --> 00:36:19,759 Speaker 1: now that I think about it. But you just throw 618 00:36:19,800 --> 00:36:22,319 Speaker 1: a couple of handfuls on your pizza, put it in 619 00:36:22,360 --> 00:36:26,399 Speaker 1: the oven, and they thank me later. Basically, Oh, man, 620 00:36:26,440 --> 00:36:28,759 Speaker 1: I love shrimp. I don't know about shrimp and pizza. Well, 621 00:36:28,760 --> 00:36:30,879 Speaker 1: now I feel bad about eating shrimp knowing how bad 622 00:36:30,920 --> 00:36:35,440 Speaker 1: shrimp farming is. It's uh, yeah, it's another wake up call, 623 00:36:35,480 --> 00:36:39,520 Speaker 1: isn't it. Well, yes, and I've been awoken because I'm 624 00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:41,600 Speaker 1: now farming my own shrimp here at home in a 625 00:36:41,680 --> 00:36:44,120 Speaker 1: very sustainable manner so that I can have it on 626 00:36:44,160 --> 00:36:48,640 Speaker 1: my pizza. Bathtub shrimp, that's right, it's delicious. We don't 627 00:36:48,680 --> 00:36:52,319 Speaker 1: take baths anyway. Yeah, you mean's like, why do you 628 00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:54,480 Speaker 1: have an out of order so on on our bathroom door? Right, 629 00:36:54,600 --> 00:36:56,440 Speaker 1: I'm still trying to figure out how to break the 630 00:36:56,440 --> 00:36:58,600 Speaker 1: news to you mean, we don't really have a working 631 00:36:58,640 --> 00:37:03,920 Speaker 1: bathtub anymore. Uh So there are also invasive species that 632 00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:07,240 Speaker 1: can uh totally wreck the health of a man. Gall 633 00:37:08,120 --> 00:37:10,840 Speaker 1: uh And the seventies in China, they were trying to 634 00:37:10,840 --> 00:37:12,880 Speaker 1: do the right thing. I think there were conservationists that 635 00:37:13,480 --> 00:37:16,040 Speaker 1: um transplanted some marsh grasses that were from the United 636 00:37:16,040 --> 00:37:19,840 Speaker 1: States there to try and slow erosion, but it crowded 637 00:37:19,880 --> 00:37:23,319 Speaker 1: out mangroves. And then in Texas they weren't trying to 638 00:37:23,360 --> 00:37:27,439 Speaker 1: do the right thing. Um. They the vision game officials there. 639 00:37:28,040 --> 00:37:32,040 Speaker 1: Um they said, Hey, people like hunting this uh exotic 640 00:37:32,080 --> 00:37:35,960 Speaker 1: Asian antelope. It's called a nil guy I guess and 641 00:37:36,080 --> 00:37:38,799 Speaker 1: I l g a I. So let's put them in 642 00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:41,439 Speaker 1: Texas so people can hunt them. Um. And it turns 643 00:37:41,440 --> 00:37:44,719 Speaker 1: out they love to eat mangroves. Yeah, so they're they're 644 00:37:44,719 --> 00:37:47,720 Speaker 1: being deforested by the game that was imported to Texas 645 00:37:47,719 --> 00:37:50,880 Speaker 1: to hunt, which means I'm sure there's huge bounties on 646 00:37:50,960 --> 00:37:54,000 Speaker 1: these things now too. Yeah. Isn't that funny how that 647 00:37:54,040 --> 00:37:56,400 Speaker 1: all works out. So there are people who are like, 648 00:37:56,480 --> 00:37:58,719 Speaker 1: we really need to work on this, We need to 649 00:37:58,719 --> 00:38:02,560 Speaker 1: get mangroves back. Um. And there are places where this 650 00:38:02,600 --> 00:38:06,719 Speaker 1: is the good news. Mangrove deforestation globally speaking, on average 651 00:38:06,960 --> 00:38:11,120 Speaker 1: has actually stopped progressing and is now starting to decline. 652 00:38:11,719 --> 00:38:14,839 Speaker 1: The deforestation is so people are are you know, kind 653 00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:16,759 Speaker 1: of getting hip to the idea that we really need 654 00:38:16,840 --> 00:38:20,960 Speaker 1: these things. They provide countless services for us humans, So 655 00:38:21,200 --> 00:38:26,040 Speaker 1: even the most selfish human can get behind mangrove restoration, right, Yeah, 656 00:38:26,440 --> 00:38:30,280 Speaker 1: I mean I think there's about of the worldwide mangals 657 00:38:30,280 --> 00:38:33,359 Speaker 1: are protected now, but you need that number at like 658 00:38:34,560 --> 00:38:36,680 Speaker 1: while at a hundred. But I would feel much better 659 00:38:36,719 --> 00:38:39,160 Speaker 1: if it was like in the eighties or nineties, you know. Yeah, 660 00:38:39,160 --> 00:38:41,759 Speaker 1: And not only that, like like areas that have been 661 00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:45,160 Speaker 1: developed closely need to replant the mangroves that they cut 662 00:38:45,200 --> 00:38:48,839 Speaker 1: down to to um to build because they need them 663 00:38:49,000 --> 00:38:53,200 Speaker 1: really bad. You need mangrove buffers, as we've found. Whatever 664 00:38:53,280 --> 00:38:57,040 Speaker 1: you can get is helpful, that's right. But there's another 665 00:38:57,120 --> 00:39:01,720 Speaker 1: kind of clever financial instrument, as they call called blue bonds. 666 00:39:02,239 --> 00:39:05,839 Speaker 1: It is a subset of green bonds. Green bonds came 667 00:39:05,880 --> 00:39:08,960 Speaker 1: around a while ago, and these are basically, if you 668 00:39:09,239 --> 00:39:13,279 Speaker 1: have money and you want to invest responsibly um in 669 00:39:13,320 --> 00:39:16,640 Speaker 1: a way that not only doesn't impact the environment, but 670 00:39:16,680 --> 00:39:19,040 Speaker 1: can help the environment, you invest in a green bond, 671 00:39:19,160 --> 00:39:21,440 Speaker 1: or if you're really into the ocean. The subset of 672 00:39:21,520 --> 00:39:27,200 Speaker 1: blue bonds, which were first introduced in right, and so 673 00:39:27,480 --> 00:39:29,480 Speaker 1: it's like you want to offset your emissions. You buy 674 00:39:29,480 --> 00:39:31,319 Speaker 1: a blue bond and all of a sudden, you've just 675 00:39:31,400 --> 00:39:35,160 Speaker 1: paid somebody to go plant some mango or not mango, 676 00:39:35,440 --> 00:39:41,200 Speaker 1: maybe mango too, but mangrove forests, right, yeah, mango forest. 677 00:39:41,280 --> 00:39:44,960 Speaker 1: That sounds delicious. It would be I'd be like planet 678 00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:49,040 Speaker 1: in my backyard to plan it with my bond. So 679 00:39:49,080 --> 00:39:52,160 Speaker 1: look into blue bonds and green bonds. It's UM. I 680 00:39:52,160 --> 00:39:54,239 Speaker 1: saw something depressing the other day when they were I 681 00:39:54,280 --> 00:39:55,640 Speaker 1: don't know what they were talking about on the news, 682 00:39:55,760 --> 00:39:57,799 Speaker 1: but they basically said, like, if you have an i 683 00:39:57,960 --> 00:40:01,240 Speaker 1: RA A like, you were supporting all kinds of companies 684 00:40:01,239 --> 00:40:03,760 Speaker 1: that you would probably never support in real life. Yeah, definitely. 685 00:40:03,840 --> 00:40:06,799 Speaker 1: Mutual Yeah, mutual funds to just everything is all lumped in. 686 00:40:06,920 --> 00:40:09,399 Speaker 1: So they were trying to encourage people that if they're 687 00:40:09,440 --> 00:40:12,239 Speaker 1: able to to be a little more selective and and 688 00:40:12,400 --> 00:40:15,120 Speaker 1: what they choose to invest in, Well, there's a lot 689 00:40:15,200 --> 00:40:19,279 Speaker 1: of sustainable mutual funds to UM that where they're you know, 690 00:40:19,480 --> 00:40:24,040 Speaker 1: very carefully selected. Unfortunately, that means the management fees going 691 00:40:24,080 --> 00:40:26,879 Speaker 1: to be higher. But if you care, it doesn't really matter, 692 00:40:26,960 --> 00:40:30,280 Speaker 1: you know that was it really uh? A higher management fee? Yeah? 693 00:40:30,320 --> 00:40:33,960 Speaker 1: Any time it requires any additional thought or effort. The 694 00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:37,200 Speaker 1: management fee just automatically goes up. Had to click on 695 00:40:37,280 --> 00:40:40,239 Speaker 1: three extra things, right, I had to find out what 696 00:40:40,280 --> 00:40:44,000 Speaker 1: these blue bonds were. That's my impression of a mutual 697 00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:47,400 Speaker 1: fund manager. Yeah, financial advisor. If that's your financial advisor's 698 00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:50,319 Speaker 1: an the wrong person. I meet him at Burger King 699 00:40:50,400 --> 00:40:54,839 Speaker 1: every couple of weeks in the back. Yeah, where else 700 00:40:54,840 --> 00:40:58,560 Speaker 1: would you meet? Um? You got anything else? Nothing else? 701 00:40:58,640 --> 00:41:02,759 Speaker 1: Up with Mangroves with Mangroves. Uh. And since we both 702 00:41:02,800 --> 00:41:04,759 Speaker 1: set up with Mangroves everybody, that means it's time for 703 00:41:04,800 --> 00:41:09,399 Speaker 1: a listener mail. Uh. This is a thank you from 704 00:41:09,400 --> 00:41:12,560 Speaker 1: a Satanist. We had a great podcast that we must 705 00:41:12,600 --> 00:41:15,239 Speaker 1: have put this on a select recently. I guess, yeah, 706 00:41:15,320 --> 00:41:18,840 Speaker 1: like two weeks ago. Okay, Hey, guys discovered your podcast. 707 00:41:19,800 --> 00:41:23,280 Speaker 1: Have been hooked ever since. Your informative banter Field episodes 708 00:41:23,320 --> 00:41:27,280 Speaker 1: remained a welcome constant in my life throughout college, adult years. 709 00:41:27,280 --> 00:41:30,440 Speaker 1: In our parenthood, was helping me stay sane during sleepless 710 00:41:30,520 --> 00:41:34,280 Speaker 1: nights with my newborns. When I saw the episode on Satanism, 711 00:41:34,320 --> 00:41:36,360 Speaker 1: I guess I hadn't listened to it previously. Um. I 712 00:41:36,400 --> 00:41:39,719 Speaker 1: was simultaneously excited and nervous I would. I hope you'd 713 00:41:39,760 --> 00:41:41,719 Speaker 1: give it the usual Josh and Chuck treatment, and I 714 00:41:41,760 --> 00:41:44,360 Speaker 1: was not disappointed. Over the years, I've been given a 715 00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:47,360 Speaker 1: lot of grief being a Satanist. People often assume that 716 00:41:47,360 --> 00:41:49,399 Speaker 1: I'm a very devout Christian based on the way I look, 717 00:41:49,760 --> 00:41:53,240 Speaker 1: and often go from praising me to threatening my family 718 00:41:53,760 --> 00:41:56,319 Speaker 1: upon learning that I followed the tenants set forth by 719 00:41:56,320 --> 00:41:59,200 Speaker 1: the Satanic Temple by shedding some light on the true 720 00:41:59,239 --> 00:42:01,359 Speaker 1: nature of Satanism, Um, I feel that you have given 721 00:42:01,400 --> 00:42:03,160 Speaker 1: many people a looking to the practice in a non 722 00:42:03,200 --> 00:42:06,400 Speaker 1: threatening way, and hopefully this will help people choose kindness 723 00:42:06,960 --> 00:42:10,520 Speaker 1: over fear based hatred when interacting with Satanist in the future. 724 00:42:11,080 --> 00:42:12,719 Speaker 1: And thank you for being bold enough to put this 725 00:42:12,760 --> 00:42:14,880 Speaker 1: episode out in the world. I'm sure it wasn't that easy, 726 00:42:15,560 --> 00:42:20,120 Speaker 1: but this long time listener appreciates it. Your friendly Satanist. Donna, 727 00:42:21,040 --> 00:42:25,160 Speaker 1: thanks a lot, Donna, Donna Satanist. Um. Yeah, that was 728 00:42:25,560 --> 00:42:27,600 Speaker 1: that was a good one. Because I went back and 729 00:42:27,640 --> 00:42:30,040 Speaker 1: listened to it to QA before it was a se 730 00:42:30,040 --> 00:42:32,680 Speaker 1: life sounds like this was a really good episode, But 731 00:42:32,800 --> 00:42:34,680 Speaker 1: there was one thing at the beginning, Chuck, that now 732 00:42:34,719 --> 00:42:37,400 Speaker 1: I wish we had back um, because a couple of 733 00:42:37,400 --> 00:42:40,480 Speaker 1: people wrote in and it was that we we se 734 00:42:40,640 --> 00:42:43,760 Speaker 1: O eight at the beginning, saying like, if you're you know, Christian, 735 00:42:44,200 --> 00:42:46,040 Speaker 1: you probably don't want to listen to this, And people 736 00:42:46,040 --> 00:42:47,759 Speaker 1: wrote in and said, no, like you you should not 737 00:42:47,800 --> 00:42:49,600 Speaker 1: have said that, because there's plenty of people out there 738 00:42:49,600 --> 00:42:52,320 Speaker 1: who should hear this and you know, change their views 739 00:42:52,360 --> 00:42:55,200 Speaker 1: on people who hold these views. So, um, if you 740 00:42:55,239 --> 00:42:57,040 Speaker 1: go back and listen to that, just plug your ears 741 00:42:57,080 --> 00:42:59,560 Speaker 1: for that first part and then listen to it through again. 742 00:43:00,160 --> 00:43:03,719 Speaker 1: That was forty year old Chuck talking, right, not not 743 00:43:03,960 --> 00:43:07,160 Speaker 1: fifty one year old Chuck. That's right, It's that's a 744 00:43:07,200 --> 00:43:10,440 Speaker 1: weird number to say it is, Chuck. Fifty one is 745 00:43:10,480 --> 00:43:12,600 Speaker 1: a weird number, and it's going to be a weird 746 00:43:12,640 --> 00:43:19,960 Speaker 1: time in your life, I'm sure of it. Er. That's 747 00:43:19,800 --> 00:43:21,839 Speaker 1: that's what I think. I'll always say it is. You'll 748 00:43:21,840 --> 00:43:23,719 Speaker 1: always be younger than me, no matter how much I 749 00:43:23,760 --> 00:43:26,280 Speaker 1: want you to speed up the aging process, You'll always 750 00:43:26,280 --> 00:43:29,279 Speaker 1: be younger. You would have to travel to Mars and 751 00:43:29,360 --> 00:43:32,160 Speaker 1: suspended animation and I just have to stay here on 752 00:43:32,200 --> 00:43:35,399 Speaker 1: Earth for for me to catch up. All right, I'm 753 00:43:35,400 --> 00:43:38,880 Speaker 1: gonna look into that. Thanks a lot, Donna. We appreciate 754 00:43:38,920 --> 00:43:40,239 Speaker 1: that big time, and if you want to be like 755 00:43:40,320 --> 00:43:42,759 Speaker 1: Donna and send us some kudos, we'll take them. You 756 00:43:42,840 --> 00:43:45,800 Speaker 1: can send it in an email to Stuff podcast. The 757 00:43:45,920 --> 00:43:51,400 Speaker 1: iHeart radio dot com Stuff You Should Know is a 758 00:43:51,440 --> 00:43:54,800 Speaker 1: production of I heart Radio. For more podcasts my heart Radio, 759 00:43:55,040 --> 00:43:58,040 Speaker 1: visit the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever 760 00:43:58,080 --> 00:43:59,480 Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.