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Speaker 1: Well, I am recording. I'm Robert Evans. I was going

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Speaker 1: to start this episode. I'm ashamed. Yeah, okay, Sophie Lichtman here,

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Speaker 1: we just did a full five minutes of this podcast

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Speaker 1: where an incredible opening with Robert who accused me of crimes,

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Speaker 1: used my full legal name and uh mispronounced Caitlyn Drante,

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Speaker 1: our fabulous guest last name sixteen times, and uh and

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Speaker 1: and and and we don't have it for you because

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Speaker 1: Robert wasn't recorded. Yeah, well, how do you feel? Look?

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Speaker 1: I I think I am a hero and did nothing wrong.

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Speaker 1: I mean, don't ever change. But also you should. You

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Speaker 1: should record it. I mean, let's get the opinion of

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Speaker 1: our of our guests for today. Yeah, I just did

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Speaker 1: I want it clear one time. Caitlyn durrant No, I

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Speaker 1: don't know what you're having problems with. Good. It's incredible.

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Speaker 1: You're being very mean to me. I said that, did

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Speaker 1: not Sophie. This is not professional. Okay, we have a

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Speaker 1: podcast to do. Can I apologize? How are you doing?

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Speaker 1: I'm doing well? Thank you for asking? How are you?

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Speaker 1: I'm good, Caitlin. You helped to host a podcast co

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Speaker 1: host Some would say most would say a podcast called

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Speaker 1: the Bechtel Cast, which is about Hollywood and movies and

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Speaker 1: sexism and sexism and Hollywood movies. This is all true, yes,

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Speaker 1: and we just we've found that there's there's no problem.

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Speaker 1: There's no problem with sexism and Hollywood. It's a they're

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Speaker 1: doing a great job. It's all good, baby, It's all good.

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Speaker 1: That's what everybody says about Michael Bay And at unproblematic

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Speaker 1: scene where he showed cut out laminated of Texas is

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Speaker 1: Romeo and Juliet Law allowing adults to sleep with teenagers?

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Speaker 1: Have you not seen that? I think it's the third Transformers,

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Speaker 1: It might be the fourth, but there's one of the

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Speaker 1: characters is like, he's an Australian race car driver and

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Speaker 1: he's dating Mark Wahlberg's daughter who is seventeen, and he's

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Speaker 1: like twenty something. And Mark Wahlberg is like, hey, that's illegal.

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Speaker 1: You're my daughter is a child and you're an adult.

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Speaker 1: And the kid pulls out a laminated copy of Texas

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Speaker 1: Romeo and Juliet Law, and the camera centers on it

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Speaker 1: and focuses for like several seconds, long enough for you

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Speaker 1: to read the entirety of the law, Like it's very

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Speaker 1: clearly Michael Baby and like, hey, you can children in Texas.

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Speaker 1: It's a basically wow. It is. It's hard to say

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Speaker 1: something's one of the creepiest moments in Hollywood history, but

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Speaker 1: that that's got to hit the mark. That's in the

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Speaker 1: running for that award. Yeah, holy crap, it's amazing. I

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Speaker 1: hate that. Oh you'll have to watch that now because

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Speaker 1: I need to hear Jamie loft Is have an aneurysm

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Speaker 1: through a podcast. Well, we keep trying to get you

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Speaker 1: on the show. You've never asked me on. Well, we

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Speaker 1: we've lie, Lie, I don't believe I've ever been asked on.

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Speaker 1: I've asked, Caitlin's asked, Jamie's asked. I've asked again Jamie's.

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Speaker 1: I would never say no to Jamie or Caitlin. It's uh,

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Speaker 1: I mean maybe you're I definitely say no to you sometimes.

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Speaker 1: So like when you tell me to wake up at

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Speaker 1: the ass crack of dawn, it could it could be.

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Speaker 1: The movie we want you to do is the Hannah

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Speaker 1: Montana movie. And maybe you've been reluctant to come on

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Speaker 1: for that one Montana. Then great, we'll see you there

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Speaker 1: for the Montana. The famous movie titled Montana I do

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Speaker 1: love Montana. I am. I am assuming it is a

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Speaker 1: sequel to The Hunt for Red October, where Sam Neil's

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Speaker 1: character is resurrected by an archangel and becomes a farmer

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Speaker 1: outside of Bozeman. Now my head canon. All right, so, Caitlin,

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Speaker 1: Normally on the show, when someone comes in having a

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Speaker 1: good day, it's our job to ruin it by telling

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Speaker 1: him about how a bunch of babies got killed or molested,

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Speaker 1: or how I don't know the world got poisoned or

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Speaker 1: something horrible happened. But today we're gonna have a little

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Speaker 1: bit more fun with it. Oh yeah, today, our bastard

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Speaker 1: didn't kill anybody except for arguably maybe one baby. Well, okay, then, yeah,

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Speaker 1: that it barely counts as a crime. Like by our standards,

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Speaker 1: he's earned the Robert Evans Award for killing no more

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Speaker 1: than one baby. Maybe potentially, Yeah, let's give this guy

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Speaker 1: a Nobel Peace Prize. Yeah, I would. I would argue

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Speaker 1: that he would have killed less babies than most people

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Speaker 1: who have won Nobel Peace Prizes. That's that's that's definitely,

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Speaker 1: that's absolutely true. Um, Caitlin, have you ever heard of

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Speaker 1: Bernard McFadden, Bernard Berner, yeah, not Bernard, Bernard, Bernard, I

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Speaker 1: mean at one Bernard, yeah, Bernar Um. Okay, well this

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Speaker 1: is going to be a fun time because so obviously, Uh,

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Speaker 1: you know, when when we think about the apocalypse, right

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Speaker 1: the end of days, there are a number of ways,

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Speaker 1: like all the nukes could come like that red balloon scenario,

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Speaker 1: I think is when people think a lot something like that,

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Speaker 1: Aliens could come down asteroid. I think, based on the

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Speaker 1: pandemic we've had, one of the likeliest ways the world

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Speaker 1: might end involves fitness influencers. I think there's a pretty

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Speaker 1: good chance that the end of the human race heavily

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Speaker 1: involves wellness. Uh, the people who get famous promoting wellness. Um. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: that tracks to me. Yeah yeah, I don't think I

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Speaker 1: need to like the labor that point. Now, the title

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Speaker 1: fitness influencer today applies to just about anybody who like

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Speaker 1: writes about health to a social media audience that's above

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Speaker 1: a certain size, and studies consistently show that at best

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Speaker 1: about one in tent of these people provide broadly accurate information.

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Speaker 1: So about nine of health influencers are just lying to people, um,

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Speaker 1: which is again why they're going to help end human civilization.

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Speaker 1: We can currently trace a significant amount of COVID nineteen

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Speaker 1: disinformation to what are currently called micro influencers. These are

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Speaker 1: people with like about ten to a hundred thousand followers

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Speaker 1: on apps like Instagram um, which counts as micro um

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Speaker 1: and makeel really bad about my following. Then it's okay,

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Speaker 1: because Caitlin, I feel confident saying in upwards of eight

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Speaker 1: percent of theoretical so you have no role in ending civilization. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but I want the power with more to be able

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Speaker 1: to if I wanted to. If I had more followers,

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Speaker 1: it would be fun because Joe Rogan could snap his

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Speaker 1: fingers and wipe out cities. Um. Also, yeah, boost my

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Speaker 1: boost my following so that I can help and the

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Speaker 1: world if I went into a micro influencer, because studies

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Speaker 1: show that micro influencers are actually much more influential. I

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Speaker 1: was just joking about Joe Rogan, but people with that

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Speaker 1: kind of following are less influential than people with like

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Speaker 1: the ten do d thousand follower range. One of the

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Speaker 1: theories is that like it's a little more intimate, so

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Speaker 1: people think maybe they're less trying to sell me stuff

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Speaker 1: and more like my friend giving me health advice person

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Speaker 1: was only you know, twelve thou followers is a little

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Speaker 1: bit more relatable than someone with three point two million. Yeah, exactly, Um.

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Speaker 1: And so at present time, I would argue that, like

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Speaker 1: roughly a third of American industry is different kinds of

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Speaker 1: fitness and health and wellness influencers. It feels like that's

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Speaker 1: the most common job, or at least aspirational job that

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Speaker 1: I see. Um. But it wasn't always this way. Before

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Speaker 1: the social media age, fitness influencers were a mix of

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Speaker 1: celebrities who parlayed their existing fame into workout videos um,

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Speaker 1: and people who were primarily famous for either losing a

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Speaker 1: bunch of weight or writing a best selling exercise book.

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Speaker 1: I'm talking about people like Richard Simmons, Right. That's an

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Speaker 1: early fitness influencer by most of our standards, right, Um,

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Speaker 1: he's a good example of kind of the former he was.

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Speaker 1: He famous, I believe, just because he lost a bunch

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Speaker 1: of weight and then made videos teaching other people how

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Speaker 1: to do it. Another early fitness influencer was a running

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Speaker 1: guru named Jim fix Um, who stand up comedians in

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Speaker 1: the nineties love to joke about because he died after

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Speaker 1: a run UM. Now, perhaps the most toxic health influencer

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Speaker 1: UM in the modern canon is Oprah Winfrey, who we

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Speaker 1: have talked about a number of the scams that she's perpetuated,

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Speaker 1: but Dr Phil and Dr Oz would probably be top

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Speaker 1: about that. Now, if anyone currently gives Oprah a run

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Speaker 1: for her money, it's probably Joe Rogan, a man who

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Speaker 1: I'm certain if you asked him what he considers himself,

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Speaker 1: he would not say anything that sounds like health influencer.

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Speaker 1: But that's also like a huge part of what he

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Speaker 1: does and what his fame and popularity comes from is

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Speaker 1: not listen to a single second of things. Is Joe

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Speaker 1: Rogan experience. Yeah, that Joe Rogan experience. He gives a

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Speaker 1: lot of advice. I mean, I don't think he even

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Speaker 1: frames it as advice, but like he talks about what

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Speaker 1: he does in terms of, like, here's what I'm doing

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Speaker 1: for COVID. You know, I'm not going to give vaccinating

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Speaker 1: yadda yadi YadA, like I'll I'm taken the ivermectin or whatever. Um.

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Speaker 1: He gives a lot of life and he has a

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Speaker 1: lot of people on his show who give like diet

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Speaker 1: and lifestyle advice. So it's not just him, but it

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Speaker 1: left like Jordan Peterson on to talk about his all

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Speaker 1: meat diet um. Whether or not Joe considers himself when

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Speaker 1: is a major you're like health influencer, like maybe even

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Speaker 1: the biggest currently because Oprah's kind of faded a bit

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Speaker 1: an influence next to Joe Rogan at them at this

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Speaker 1: moment um. And obviously both Joe and Oprah are ridiculously

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Speaker 1: wealthy people. There are billions to be made and looking

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Speaker 1: healthy um, and some people think Joe Rogan looks healthy.

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Speaker 1: I can't explain that to you, Caitlin, but they do

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Speaker 1: um and then promising to teach people the secrets to

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Speaker 1: be like you. The best of these people create little

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Speaker 1: bit of cults so tight and consistent with their disinformation

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Speaker 1: that no light or truth can escape. And today we're

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Speaker 1: talking about the guy who invented that kind of thing,

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Speaker 1: the guy who is the foundation for both Joe Rogan

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Speaker 1: and Oprah Winfrey and a million lesser health gods, all

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Speaker 1: spewing misinformation into the plague racked ether um. And this guy,

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Speaker 1: this motherfucker, is a dude named Bernard McFadden. Now that's

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Speaker 1: a weird name. Bernar Um I mean shame, and he

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Speaker 1: he chose it. He chose it. He's the only Bernard

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Speaker 1: there's ever fucking dog. It is okay to shame someone

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Speaker 1: for choosing a stupid name because he was born Bernard,

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Speaker 1: like the the the action that we are familiar, like

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Speaker 1: the real name. Bernard Adolphus McFadden on August six, eighteen

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Speaker 1: sixty eight, in mill Spring, Missouri. Now mill Spring was

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Speaker 1: a tiny little ship town without much going for it,

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Speaker 1: and young Bernard came into a family who also didn't

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Speaker 1: have a lot going for them. His dad was an

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Speaker 1: alcoholic in an era in which you weren't legally an

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Speaker 1: alcoholic until you drank yourself completely to death. Now, Papa

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Speaker 1: McFadden had fought in the Union Army during the Civil War.

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Speaker 1: So when I say he's an alcoholic, I have some

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Speaker 1: sympathy for the man. He's probably an alcoholic because he's

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Speaker 1: like lived through nightmares incomprehensible to modern men. Right. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And by the time he started his family, I think

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Speaker 1: it's probably accurate to say he was basically just a

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Speaker 1: broken shell of a man. Um The biography I found

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Speaker 1: of Bernard says that his dad was happy only hunting

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Speaker 1: deer and drinking himself to death and betting on horse races. Um.

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Speaker 1: The few times he was sober, he was apparently nice

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Speaker 1: to his family, but he was not sober often um,

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Speaker 1: and he did not seem to take much pleasure in

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Speaker 1: his children, including young Bernard. Mostly he would physically abuse

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Speaker 1: his wife and his children when he came home drunk

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Speaker 1: as hell. Um. It is a bad home environment, um.

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Speaker 1: Since all of the family money went to hard liquor

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Speaker 1: and gambling. The McFadden's barely survived on. You know, the

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Speaker 1: during the best of times when when Dad was alive,

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Speaker 1: when Bernard was still a little kid, his mother decided

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Speaker 1: she had had enough, which is not a common thing.

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Speaker 1: You do not see a lot of women who are

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Speaker 1: able to do this in this period of time, like

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Speaker 1: the eighteen seventies, early eighteen seventies. And she picks up

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Speaker 1: her son and her two young daughters and she flees

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Speaker 1: her husband and their home to stay with her family. Um.

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Speaker 1: Papa McFadden comes by a couple of times, tries to

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Speaker 1: get them back, and she doesn't take him back. She

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Speaker 1: doesn't agree to it because he's a ruinous drunk. And

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Speaker 1: sure enough, less than a year after she leaves him

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Speaker 1: when Bernard is for his dad dies from alcohol abuse. Um,

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Speaker 1: just like drinks himself to death. It was not common

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Speaker 1: for women to get divorced in the late eighteen hundreds,

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Speaker 1: and I don't think this was a divorce. I think

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Speaker 1: she just was like, I'm not going to keep my

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Speaker 1: kids around this fucking maniac. Um. So good for her.

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Speaker 1: It is a mark of what a strong woman that

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Speaker 1: Bernard's mother was that she managed to do this, and

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Speaker 1: she got her children free and clear from a bad situation. Unfortunately,

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Speaker 1: she was not able to bring them to a good situation. Um,

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Speaker 1: this is not like a she doesn't like take them

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Speaker 1: into a I mean, I guess you maybe it's better

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Speaker 1: Well ask that question later, Kaitlyn. All right, Um, because

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Speaker 1: they were dirt poor. Um, and she was also dying

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Speaker 1: this entire time. She was basically sick from tuberculosis all

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Speaker 1: of Bernard's early life. And she can't really make any money,

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Speaker 1: can't really feed her family, and her her relatives are

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Speaker 1: not very helpful because they're all kind of barely hanging

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Speaker 1: on by a thread. Bernard's biographer Mark Adams describes him

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Speaker 1: as a mama's boy, which makes sense. Obviously, he's going

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Speaker 1: to be dedicated to his mom. Growing up in this

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Speaker 1: kind of environment, his dad certainly did not give him

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Speaker 1: a lot to aspire to emulate. Bernard was also a

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Speaker 1: sickly boy with poor health. Much like his mother. He

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Speaker 1: was smaller than many of the other local boys, and

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Speaker 1: he was regularly beaten up and dumped in a river

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Speaker 1: by other kids at age seven. Yeah, he's he's a

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Speaker 1: victim of bull He's gotta he's got to have a

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Speaker 1: lot of sympathy for this kid. This is we hear

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Speaker 1: about some rough upbringings on behind the bastards, but this

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Speaker 1: is a tough one dunked in the like yeah, because

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Speaker 1: this is, like, you know, not a not a nice

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Speaker 1: part of the world. Um, I wouldn't say a blasted hellscape,

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Speaker 1: but a health scape ape for sure. Now, at age seven,

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Speaker 1: Bernard was vaccinated for smallpox. That seems like a good

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Speaker 1: thing right today, I mean as as as a rule,

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Speaker 1: big fans of the smallpox vacts, big fans of vaccines

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Speaker 1: in general. However, in the eighteen seventies, vaccines were not

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Speaker 1: quite what they are today today. Wait a minute, A

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Speaker 1: bad vaccine experience for the vast majority of people means like, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I felt like kind of shitty for a day, right

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Speaker 1: like you get the COVID vaccine. A lot of people like, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I felt like I kind of had a flu for

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Speaker 1: like a day. Um vaccines were different back then, so

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Speaker 1: the best way of vaccinating people against smallpox at the

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Speaker 1: time it was not like a nice clean shot. You

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Speaker 1: would cut their arm open with a razor blade and

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Speaker 1: you would shove a scab from someone else's smallpox lesion

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Speaker 1: into the wound um And this works. This does, in fact,

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Speaker 1: confer immunity to small box at the low, low cost

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Speaker 1: of killing a significant percentage of the people vaccinated in

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Speaker 1: this manner, not as many as smallpox did. It's an improvement,

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Speaker 1: but a lot of people die from this early vaccine

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Speaker 1: because you're just shoving a scab into an open wound

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Speaker 1: and it gives you smallpox. For several of those people,

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Speaker 1: it is supposed to give you a weekend case of

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Speaker 1: small box that then gives you an immunity. However, none

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Speaker 1: of us here are doctors, but I think we all

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Speaker 1: can understand that if you shove a filthy scab into

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Speaker 1: an open wound, you can get sick like other than

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Speaker 1: the way you're supposed to get sick, and in Bernard's case,

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Speaker 1: he gets blood poisoning, which keeps him bed ridden for

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Speaker 1: six months. It's looking horrible, this poor kid. And he's

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Speaker 1: how old at this point? Oh, he's like six. Oh,

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Speaker 1: it's poor he is. This is earliest memory. I mean,

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Speaker 1: this is probably like his earliest memory is like spending

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Speaker 1: six months dying in bed because a maniac doctor shoves

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Speaker 1: a scab into his open wound. It looks I could

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Speaker 1: probably rust knife, yeah, I mean sanitization. I mean the

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Speaker 1: doctors were arguing strenuously about whether or not washing your

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Speaker 1: hands was like the devil's plaything or something like. It

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Speaker 1: was not a great time for science. And to make

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Speaker 1: it much worse, Caitlin, Not long after he recovers, this happens,

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Speaker 1: and I'm going to quote from the biography Mr. America,

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Speaker 1: which is about Bernard McFadden. One morning, not long after

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Speaker 1: Bernard had recovered, his mother took him to St. Louis.

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Speaker 1: So already we're in a bad start here. They were

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Speaker 1: met at the Mississippi River docks by a strange gentleman.

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Speaker 1: Mary explained to her son that the man was going

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Speaker 1: to take him away on a steamship. She did not

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Speaker 1: mention a return trip. Long after the boy had grown

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Speaker 1: up and reinvented himself as Bernard McFadden. He recalled the

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Speaker 1: resulting scene as being torn, screaming and clawing and kicking

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Speaker 1: in a frantic agony of fear from his mother's arms.

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Speaker 1: The man managed to pull Bernard from Mary and lead

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Speaker 1: him towards the wharf, but the boy broke free and

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Speaker 1: ran back to his mother, tears running down his face.

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Speaker 1: Mary told her eight year old son the cold truth.

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Speaker 1: Hopeless and nearly destitute, wasting away from late stage tuberculosis,

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Speaker 1: she no longer had the energy or means to care

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Speaker 1: for a growing boy. She was sending him off to

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Speaker 1: the cheapest boarding school she could find. So she and again,

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Speaker 1: I don't. I can't put any of laim on her.

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Speaker 1: She's in an impossible situation. She's trying to she wants

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Speaker 1: her kid to have someone to take care of them.

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Speaker 1: She's like, I am dying and I cannot provide you

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Speaker 1: with food, Like this is the best option that is

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Speaker 1: available to me. And it's a ship option because this

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Speaker 1: school is a horrible place. This, this is a school

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Speaker 1: that would qualify as a war crime. There are concentration

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Speaker 1: camps that were nicer than this school. You know, are

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Speaker 1: we gonna care more about this school? Yeah, it was

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Speaker 1: officially an orphanage. M Bernard called it the starvation School.

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Speaker 1: He was of the opinion as an adult that the

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Speaker 1: orphans and olive her twist headed easy compared to him.

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Speaker 1: Children were barely fed. The only calories they could reliably

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Speaker 1: get came in the form of peanuts, which at the

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Speaker 1: time peanut butter hasn't been like created yet, so at

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Speaker 1: the time peanuts are basically trash and are being sold

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Speaker 1: as hog feed for a dollar a ton um. So

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Speaker 1: that's that's what the kids get, and not much of that. So,

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Speaker 1: after several months of slowly starving to death, Bernard's mother

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Speaker 1: came for him. She'd managed to find, like get in contact.

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Speaker 1: It's hard to get in contact with family, right. You

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Speaker 1: may know, like, well, I've got relatives in this state,

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Speaker 1: but like you haven't seen him in years. It takes

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Speaker 1: six months to fucking get anywhere. So she manages with

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Speaker 1: like the last strength in her body, um to find

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Speaker 1: some relatives who are willing to take Bernard's sisters, who

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Speaker 1: she keeps with her UM, and then she comes back

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Speaker 1: for him because she's figured out a better solution for him. Um,

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Speaker 1: she knows she's close to death. At this point, she's

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Speaker 1: kind of scrambling to get all of her children set

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Speaker 1: up as well as her limited resources would allow. Unfortunately,

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Speaker 1: she was not great at this, although arguably you could

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Speaker 1: again say this is like an impossible task. And the

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Speaker 1: person that she places Bernard with after this orphanage was

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Speaker 1: an extremely stent relative who saw him more as cheap

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Speaker 1: labor than a human being. But it's a step up

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Speaker 1: from the starvation school. Yes, yeah, yeah, that's better. That's

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Speaker 1: we're doing fine. We're doing fine. And you know who

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Speaker 1: else is doing fine, Caitlin, the products and services that

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Speaker 1: support this podcast. I knew that was going to They're

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Speaker 1: nailing it. They're doing great, Caitlin, they're doing great. Land. Anyway,

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Speaker 1: here's ads. We're back, and I'm I'm just basking in

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Speaker 1: the glow of pride that I didn't say, you know

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Speaker 1: who else doesn't starve children? Robert. I was just going

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Speaker 1: to commend you and how pure and not horrible that

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Speaker 1: ad break. Yeah, yeah, that's going to keep us in

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Speaker 1: the house and home for another week, Sophie. So this

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Speaker 1: relative and his wife, the family that Bernard is placed

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Speaker 1: with an again distant family run a hotel near Chicago.

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Speaker 1: When Bernard met them, he was overwhelmed by the fact

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Speaker 1: that they were fat, which is he had not like

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Speaker 1: well because number one, it's harder to be fat back then. Um.

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Speaker 1: Number two, he has spent his entire childhood starving um,

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Speaker 1: and his family has been starving not enough food. Ever,

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Speaker 1: so the fact that he when he just assumes anyone

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Speaker 1: fat is richest shit right like he he almost couldn't

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Speaker 1: comprehend the idea that people could be fat like. He

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Speaker 1: recalls this as being like baffling to him. This couple

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Speaker 1: set Bernard to working long hours staffing their hotel. They

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Speaker 1: fed him, but that was about all they did for him.

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Speaker 1: One day, a few months into his time with him,

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Speaker 1: the man he was staying with like told him offhandedly, hey,

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Speaker 1: your mom died, um, And then the hotel owner's wife said, uh,

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Speaker 1: this one's going the same way. She says, as to

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Speaker 1: her husband, this one's going the same way. Yeah, he's

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Speaker 1: got all the symptoms consumption runs in the family. By

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Speaker 1: hey mom, Hey, could your dad or your hey kid,

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Speaker 1: your mom died and then the ladies like, yeah, it

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Speaker 1: looked like this motherfucker's gonna drop pretty soon too again.

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Speaker 1: Bleak childhood, truly, I would argue, not really a childhood,

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Speaker 1: so oh, just just just one torture situation after another

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Speaker 1: pretty horrible situation. Out of spite for his relatives as

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Speaker 1: much as anything, Bernard decided then and there that he

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Speaker 1: would become the healthiest man alive now. Consumption Today, when

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Speaker 1: people talk about someone having consumption, generally they are referring

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Speaker 1: to tuberculosis or tv um. But it's also worth noting

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Speaker 1: that like everyone that people said had consumption didn't actually

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Speaker 1: have tuberculosis because medicine was shipped and people got sick

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Speaker 1: in a variety of ways that made them like thin

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Speaker 1: and kind of in bad health, and everyone was just

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Speaker 1: like that person is like thin and pale and sickly,

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Speaker 1: it's got to be tuberculosis. And sometimes it was like, no,

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Speaker 1: they're not. They're eating, like they're not getting nutrients. They're

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Speaker 1: like basically have been starved their entire life of necessary

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Speaker 1: food stuffs or whatever like they have I don't know,

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Speaker 1: a parasite or something like. There's all sorts of things

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Speaker 1: that can make someone in the eighteen sixties seventies say

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Speaker 1: like Oh, it's got to be the consumption. It was like, no,

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Speaker 1: you basically everything was misdiagnosed back then. I think it's

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Speaker 1: some things right, but yeah, a lot of I mean

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Speaker 1: I don't think he had t B because he hears

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Speaker 1: himself with like diet and exercise later so which I

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Speaker 1: don't think works with TV. I think he was just

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Speaker 1: horribly malnourished because he grew up unbelievably poor. Right. Um,

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Speaker 1: after a time with the hotel, Bernard was moved to

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Speaker 1: a farm in northern Illinois. And these are again like

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Speaker 1: family members who treat him as labor with no thought

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Speaker 1: to his emotional health or education. To the extent that

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Speaker 1: he was ever educated at all in his childhood, it

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Speaker 1: was like he was occasionally sent to school for it

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Speaker 1: day here in a day there because the truant officers

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Speaker 1: were in town and like they he needed to like

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Speaker 1: not get them in trouble. Um. Still, the fresh air

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Speaker 1: and the manual labor of farm life did him wonders.

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Speaker 1: He starts putting on muscle for the first time, he

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Speaker 1: stops showing what people consider to be symptoms of consumption,

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Speaker 1: like as soon as he gets out in the fresh air,

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Speaker 1: working with his body and eating a decent diet. He

415
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Speaker 1: has a high a diet, high end dairy, so he's

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Speaker 1: finally getting a lot of protein for the first time

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Speaker 1: in his life. He's immediately in much better health because again,

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Speaker 1: he didn't have consumption. He was just horribly. He was

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Speaker 1: just starving, just eating peanuts. Is that where the phrase

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Speaker 1: comes from, or that expression where like, if you like

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Speaker 1: work for hardly any money, he's like, Oh, I'm just

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Speaker 1: getting peanuts or whatever. I mean, that would make sense,

423
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:42,160
Speaker 1: right because it used to be like literally the cheapest

424
00:24:42,160 --> 00:24:48,320
Speaker 1: food you could possibly get. That would be my guess. Um,

425
00:24:48,359 --> 00:24:51,760
Speaker 1: I don't know, so let's say that it is. Let's

426
00:24:51,760 --> 00:24:54,840
Speaker 1: say that it is. During his time at the farm,

427
00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:57,439
Speaker 1: Bernard began to learn the lessons that would become the

428
00:24:57,520 --> 00:25:01,000
Speaker 1: center of his health philosophy. Outdoor or labor, along with

429
00:25:01,040 --> 00:25:04,520
Speaker 1: a sparse diet consisting mostly of vegetables and milk, was

430
00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:07,440
Speaker 1: the key to health, which is not bad Pelt advice.

431
00:25:07,800 --> 00:25:10,160
Speaker 1: If you spend a lot of time working around outside

432
00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:13,920
Speaker 1: using your body, vegetables, milk, avoid red meat, which is

433
00:25:13,960 --> 00:25:15,520
Speaker 1: a thing like he doesn't he's not really a big

434
00:25:15,560 --> 00:25:17,840
Speaker 1: fan of meat. Like that's not bad diet advice most

435
00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:20,880
Speaker 1: people will do all right on that kind of a diet. Um.

436
00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:24,760
Speaker 1: This merged with his unfortunately well earned hatred of vaccines,

437
00:25:25,160 --> 00:25:28,680
Speaker 1: which is understandable. We're not talking about like modern anti

438
00:25:28,760 --> 00:25:31,760
Speaker 1: vac shit. If you have Bernard's childhood, I get why

439
00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:35,680
Speaker 1: you'd be anti vaccine when you were like bedridden for

440
00:25:35,720 --> 00:25:39,240
Speaker 1: six months because you have blood poisoning because something gave

441
00:25:39,320 --> 00:25:46,800
Speaker 1: you a bad smallpox vaccine in the eighteen seventies. Yeah. Yeah,

442
00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:49,760
Speaker 1: that's not really being anti science, like it's it is

443
00:25:49,840 --> 00:25:53,240
Speaker 1: anti science, but like I can't blow. Also, the vaccines

444
00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:56,800
Speaker 1: were anti science back then. They weren't. I mean, the

445
00:25:56,800 --> 00:26:00,359
Speaker 1: same thing is they were better right than smallpox, because

446
00:26:00,359 --> 00:26:06,280
Speaker 1: smallpox is fucking nightmare. But yeah, yeah, it's weird, Caitlin,

447
00:26:06,359 --> 00:26:08,919
Speaker 1: it's I mean, I think most of us would be

448
00:26:08,920 --> 00:26:12,240
Speaker 1: anti anything that kept us bed ridden for six months. Yeah,

449
00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:16,359
Speaker 1: I think I would be. I think I'd probably not

450
00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:20,399
Speaker 1: be supportive of that thing. Um. Another pillar of his

451
00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:24,399
Speaker 1: growing philosophy came when, after a particularly bleak church lecture,

452
00:26:24,720 --> 00:26:27,240
Speaker 1: he stole some of the farmer he was living, some

453
00:26:27,280 --> 00:26:29,760
Speaker 1: of this farmer's whiskey and a bunch of chewing tobacco,

454
00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:32,080
Speaker 1: and he Basically, he has like this church lecture where

455
00:26:32,080 --> 00:26:34,800
Speaker 1: they're like everybody's going to hill and he gets sad,

456
00:26:34,920 --> 00:26:37,120
Speaker 1: so he steals a bunch of liquor and chewing tobacco

457
00:26:37,200 --> 00:26:40,000
Speaker 1: and he gets just wrecked. And he's he is twelve

458
00:26:40,040 --> 00:26:42,640
Speaker 1: at this just goes on a bender way he's twelve. Yeah,

459
00:26:42,680 --> 00:26:53,239
Speaker 1: he's twelve, a hard twelve Bernard. Yeah, he gets he

460
00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:56,800
Speaker 1: gets wrecked, and this is um probably the last time

461
00:26:56,840 --> 00:26:58,960
Speaker 1: he ever gets wrecked, because he wakes up in the

462
00:26:59,000 --> 00:27:01,560
Speaker 1: morning with a horror will hangover. You know, you know

463
00:27:01,600 --> 00:27:06,680
Speaker 1: those tobacco and hard liquor hangovers. I went to college. Yeah, yeah,

464
00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:11,159
Speaker 1: I know those are not pleasant for you or anyone

465
00:27:11,160 --> 00:27:16,560
Speaker 1: around you. Um so he uh. He decides, based on

466
00:27:16,600 --> 00:27:20,360
Speaker 1: this hangover to spend the rest of his life sober um,

467
00:27:20,440 --> 00:27:22,720
Speaker 1: which I have decided on a number of occasions. It

468
00:27:22,800 --> 00:27:25,840
Speaker 1: never stuck with me, but it does for him the same.

469
00:27:25,920 --> 00:27:30,520
Speaker 1: I'm like, I'm never drinking against time choices. But then

470
00:27:30,960 --> 00:27:34,760
Speaker 1: you know, two weeks later, yeah, I'm having a glass

471
00:27:34,760 --> 00:27:37,160
Speaker 1: of wine. You know what, I would like a hurricane

472
00:27:37,160 --> 00:27:44,560
Speaker 1: at nine in the morning, Sophie, when do you drink hurricanes?

473
00:27:45,480 --> 00:27:51,199
Speaker 1: Not morning? First of all, you wouldn't be awake, not

474
00:27:51,359 --> 00:27:56,680
Speaker 1: if I'm drinking enough hurricanes. Yes, So if you're gonna

475
00:27:56,680 --> 00:28:00,119
Speaker 1: have to bribe Robert for like these early recordings with

476
00:28:00,240 --> 00:28:03,439
Speaker 1: yeah hurricanes, Yeah, deliver hurricanes to my house and I

477
00:28:03,480 --> 00:28:11,920
Speaker 1: will wake up as early as that was a lie. Okay,

478
00:28:13,359 --> 00:28:16,919
Speaker 1: So shortly after this, um Bernard. You know, he loves

479
00:28:17,320 --> 00:28:19,960
Speaker 1: the farm labor, he loves the outdoor life. But he's

480
00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:23,600
Speaker 1: also he's he grows up with a lot of pride um,

481
00:28:23,640 --> 00:28:25,960
Speaker 1: which is you have to say, impressive for a kid

482
00:28:25,960 --> 00:28:30,440
Speaker 1: who's upbringing is so comprehensively bleak. And despite loving the lifestyle,

483
00:28:30,520 --> 00:28:33,080
Speaker 1: he's enraged at the fact that he's not getting paid

484
00:28:33,160 --> 00:28:35,440
Speaker 1: much money. He thinks he's worth more money than he's getting.

485
00:28:35,920 --> 00:28:39,400
Speaker 1: So shortly after this he leaves, like the countryside for

486
00:28:39,480 --> 00:28:42,840
Speaker 1: the big city, which in this case was unfortunately St. Louis.

487
00:28:43,560 --> 00:28:47,000
Speaker 1: He got St. Lucis, well, I was born there for

488
00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:52,480
Speaker 1: one thing, so I get to So he gets a

489
00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:54,680
Speaker 1: job with he had another uncle, and this one runs

490
00:28:54,680 --> 00:28:57,760
Speaker 1: a dry goods store. Bernard earned twelve dollars a month

491
00:28:57,840 --> 00:29:00,360
Speaker 1: to help keep the books and manage the store. He

492
00:29:00,440 --> 00:29:02,680
Speaker 1: was promoted after a year, and he made pretty good money.

493
00:29:02,680 --> 00:29:04,840
Speaker 1: For a teenage boy at the time, but the work

494
00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:07,800
Speaker 1: kept him indoors and huddled over a desk at all times,

495
00:29:07,920 --> 00:29:10,240
Speaker 1: so he's just experienced what he considers to be the

496
00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:13,040
Speaker 1: joys of being physically fit, of laboring with his body.

497
00:29:13,440 --> 00:29:15,840
Speaker 1: And then he gets stuck inside a dank office all

498
00:29:15,960 --> 00:29:18,360
Speaker 1: day every day and he goes kind of stir crazy

499
00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:21,760
Speaker 1: and his his health issues return, right because he thinks

500
00:29:21,760 --> 00:29:24,280
Speaker 1: it's his consumption coming back. The reality is that, like, yeah,

501
00:29:24,320 --> 00:29:26,800
Speaker 1: you shouldn't sit inside a desk all day and not

502
00:29:26,920 --> 00:29:31,200
Speaker 1: go outside. It's it's it's bad for you. It's not

503
00:29:31,240 --> 00:29:34,400
Speaker 1: good for anybody. Um. And also you are thirteen. You

504
00:29:34,400 --> 00:29:37,440
Speaker 1: should not be working a desk job for sixty hours

505
00:29:37,440 --> 00:29:45,280
Speaker 1: a week. Oh god, yeah, yeah, it's not good for you. Um.

506
00:29:45,320 --> 00:29:48,600
Speaker 1: So yeah, his health issues return and he's desperate. He

507
00:29:48,640 --> 00:29:51,120
Speaker 1: winds up stumbling through the city one day until he

508
00:29:51,200 --> 00:29:54,440
Speaker 1: happens upon a gym. Now at the time, Jim's are

509
00:29:54,440 --> 00:29:57,280
Speaker 1: a pretty new concept, right, This is like not all

510
00:29:57,480 --> 00:30:00,760
Speaker 1: they exist at all? Yeah, they did, they did. Um.

511
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:03,000
Speaker 1: They actually started earlier than you might think. The Young

512
00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:05,720
Speaker 1: Men's Christian Association, or the y m c A had

513
00:30:05,760 --> 00:30:08,200
Speaker 1: been founded in England a couple of decades earlier, in

514
00:30:08,280 --> 00:30:11,120
Speaker 1: eighteen forty four, UM and it had been founded to

515
00:30:11,160 --> 00:30:14,440
Speaker 1: push back against the unhealthy conditions caused by the switch

516
00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:17,960
Speaker 1: from pastoral farming lives to industrial work and desk work

517
00:30:17,960 --> 00:30:22,160
Speaker 1: by men and dense cities. So the actual origin of

518
00:30:22,240 --> 00:30:24,560
Speaker 1: jim culture comes out of the same stuff that Bernard

519
00:30:24,640 --> 00:30:29,000
Speaker 1: is experiencing moving from farming, which is, I don't know,

520
00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:30,800
Speaker 1: there's a lot of things that can be unhealthy about

521
00:30:30,800 --> 00:30:32,880
Speaker 1: some of the different motions of farming, but as a

522
00:30:32,920 --> 00:30:36,520
Speaker 1: general rule, moving around outside, using your body, the fresh air,

523
00:30:37,080 --> 00:30:39,840
Speaker 1: pretty good. People who grow up farming tend to be

524
00:30:39,880 --> 00:30:43,840
Speaker 1: healthier than people who grow up in dank industrial cesspits,

525
00:30:43,920 --> 00:30:47,560
Speaker 1: like every city in the in the mid eighteen hundreds. UM.

526
00:30:47,600 --> 00:30:49,440
Speaker 1: And that's that's where the Y m c A comes

527
00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:52,920
Speaker 1: out of, is people recognizing not knowing much about health yet,

528
00:30:52,920 --> 00:30:57,120
Speaker 1: but people recognizing that this seems bad for us, seems

529
00:30:57,160 --> 00:31:01,920
Speaker 1: like this is killing everybody. Huh do all the twelve

530
00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:04,080
Speaker 1: year olds have lung cancer? We might need to do

531
00:31:04,160 --> 00:31:11,520
Speaker 1: something about this. Um. So the christ Yeah, good for

532
00:31:11,560 --> 00:31:14,320
Speaker 1: those young Christian men. UM. The Y and other groups

533
00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:17,040
Speaker 1: like it had noticed not just the deliterious effects of

534
00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:20,760
Speaker 1: industrial life on people. But that disease spread rampantly in

535
00:31:20,840 --> 00:31:24,040
Speaker 1: cramped urban environments, right like, it's a great place for

536
00:31:24,200 --> 00:31:27,760
Speaker 1: bacteria and viruses to propagate. And these guys came to

537
00:31:27,800 --> 00:31:32,080
Speaker 1: believe that physical exercise could prevent disease, which is not

538
00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:35,440
Speaker 1: correct in the way they thought it was, but it's

539
00:31:35,480 --> 00:31:38,960
Speaker 1: also not wrong, right like, if you exercise, your immune

540
00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:42,760
Speaker 1: system will be stronger, which does render you less vulnerable

541
00:31:42,840 --> 00:31:45,520
Speaker 1: to all of the horrible diseases that riddle distinct drenched

542
00:31:45,520 --> 00:31:51,800
Speaker 1: filth pit like England or St. Louis. Um. So, religion

543
00:31:51,840 --> 00:31:53,640
Speaker 1: gets heavily bound up in all of this, as it

544
00:31:53,760 --> 00:31:55,760
Speaker 1: was with everything else in those days. And the y

545
00:31:55,840 --> 00:31:59,200
Speaker 1: m c A isn't just like standing for people being healthier.

546
00:31:59,320 --> 00:32:02,480
Speaker 1: It's part of an intellectual movement that became known as

547
00:32:02,800 --> 00:32:08,160
Speaker 1: muscular Christianity. Um, what I know, right well, I mean

548
00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:10,400
Speaker 1: you just think about those ripped jesus Is on the

549
00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:13,760
Speaker 1: wall with like their fucking abs and deults that don't quit.

550
00:32:14,240 --> 00:32:16,600
Speaker 1: I mean, if you're holding yourself up on across, your

551
00:32:16,640 --> 00:32:19,440
Speaker 1: doubts are going to be pretty pretty shredded. You know

552
00:32:19,480 --> 00:32:25,400
Speaker 1: which are the deults? Are those like your back shoulder area? Yeah? Yeah, baby.

553
00:32:27,840 --> 00:32:29,960
Speaker 1: So I'm going to read a quote from The Guardian

554
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:35,760
Speaker 1: about what muscular Christianity was please. The muscular Christians strongly

555
00:32:35,800 --> 00:32:38,760
Speaker 1: believed in the formative power of athletic competition that by

556
00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:41,680
Speaker 1: participating in games and sports, young men would be instilled

557
00:32:41,680 --> 00:32:45,640
Speaker 1: with positive character traits. The muscular Christians had particular concerns

558
00:32:45,640 --> 00:32:48,840
Speaker 1: that America's men were becoming soft, and thus placed higher

559
00:32:48,880 --> 00:32:51,800
Speaker 1: value one games that created a few bruises in the process.

560
00:32:52,120 --> 00:32:55,040
Speaker 1: In eighteen sixty eight, a year before Rutgers beat Princeton

561
00:32:55,080 --> 00:32:58,720
Speaker 1: in the first ever college football contest, one American muscular

562
00:32:58,800 --> 00:33:01,920
Speaker 1: Christian wrote, there is a precise discipline in danger. I

563
00:33:01,960 --> 00:33:05,320
Speaker 1: consider no man educated who was not educated to meet danger,

564
00:33:05,560 --> 00:33:08,400
Speaker 1: grapple with it, and conquer it. And any system of

565
00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:12,440
Speaker 1: gymnastics which leaves out danger is an emasculated system. And

566
00:33:12,520 --> 00:33:14,760
Speaker 1: the context of this article is about there was like

567
00:33:14,840 --> 00:33:17,920
Speaker 1: one year where like a ship, like like team's worth

568
00:33:17,960 --> 00:33:20,640
Speaker 1: of people diet in a single football season because they

569
00:33:20,680 --> 00:33:22,720
Speaker 1: didn't wear any kind of they were just murdering each

570
00:33:22,760 --> 00:33:25,720
Speaker 1: other out of the gridiron thattball. We're just like, yeah,

571
00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:29,760
Speaker 1: let's go watch some kids kill each other. Oh okay,

572
00:33:30,040 --> 00:33:32,720
Speaker 1: So hang on, I have some thoughts. There seems to

573
00:33:32,760 --> 00:33:34,960
Speaker 1: be a lot of toxic masculinity wrapped up in this

574
00:33:35,000 --> 00:33:41,400
Speaker 1: because everybody like even more than you'd expect. Well maybe

575
00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:44,160
Speaker 1: not more than you'd expect, but they're just like, we

576
00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:47,240
Speaker 1: need to be violent towards each other because if we're not,

577
00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:50,240
Speaker 1: that's emasculating, and we need to beat the ship out

578
00:33:50,280 --> 00:33:55,320
Speaker 1: of each other or otherwise we're little girls. Yeah, I mean,

579
00:33:55,360 --> 00:34:00,120
Speaker 1: the attitude is very much it's not really proper, not necessary,

580
00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:02,760
Speaker 1: not proper exercise, but certainly not a proper sport if

581
00:34:02,800 --> 00:34:10,400
Speaker 1: you can't die doing it, which is my attitude towards

582
00:34:10,440 --> 00:34:16,399
Speaker 1: a good party. You know what, I don't. I don't disagree. Yeah,

583
00:34:18,440 --> 00:34:20,960
Speaker 1: all joy carries with at the risk of death. This

584
00:34:21,040 --> 00:34:24,160
Speaker 1: is this is what we're cursed to know if if

585
00:34:24,200 --> 00:34:27,480
Speaker 1: the stakes aren't high, I'm not having fun. Yeah exactly,

586
00:34:27,560 --> 00:34:31,160
Speaker 1: fuck it. Yeah, and that's why drunk driving has such

587
00:34:31,160 --> 00:34:37,640
Speaker 1: a proud cultural tradition. Now, while all this is happening,

588
00:34:37,719 --> 00:34:40,879
Speaker 1: the actual science of fitness is also starting to grow.

589
00:34:40,920 --> 00:34:45,480
Speaker 1: People are beginning to learn how to be physically fit. Um,

590
00:34:45,520 --> 00:34:48,720
Speaker 1: and yeah, they're starting to write there's I mean, today

591
00:34:48,760 --> 00:34:52,600
Speaker 1: there's more misinformation than good misinformation about fitness, so it's

592
00:34:53,360 --> 00:34:57,080
Speaker 1: even messier back then now. For centuries, physicians had advised

593
00:34:57,120 --> 00:35:00,000
Speaker 1: months of bed rest and indoor isolation for people who

594
00:35:00,080 --> 00:35:01,799
Speaker 1: got sick. Like, if you were sick, they would say, well,

595
00:35:01,840 --> 00:35:04,680
Speaker 1: you need to hide in a room alone, like don't

596
00:35:04,719 --> 00:35:07,600
Speaker 1: go outside, stay in this like quiet, dark, dank room

597
00:35:07,640 --> 00:35:11,400
Speaker 1: and never leave for years, um, which you might recognize

598
00:35:11,440 --> 00:35:15,680
Speaker 1: as bad for people. Look, I've seen the secret garden,

599
00:35:15,800 --> 00:35:19,600
Speaker 1: and I know that that's not how that works. So

600
00:35:19,840 --> 00:35:21,879
Speaker 1: I mean that I think a secret garden is good

601
00:35:21,880 --> 00:35:24,840
Speaker 1: for people, especially if you're talking about like a guerrilla

602
00:35:24,880 --> 00:35:28,240
Speaker 1: grow and you're you're illegally growing marijuana and like public

603
00:35:28,360 --> 00:35:31,560
Speaker 1: land great for your health. A lot of time running.

604
00:35:31,920 --> 00:35:33,480
Speaker 1: I don't know if you've seen the movie, but it's

605
00:35:33,480 --> 00:35:36,360
Speaker 1: about a little sickly boy who's just like kept away

606
00:35:36,440 --> 00:35:40,200
Speaker 1: in isolation. And then the little girl, like a cousin

607
00:35:40,280 --> 00:35:42,719
Speaker 1: of his, comes and like finds him, and then she's like,

608
00:35:42,760 --> 00:35:46,520
Speaker 1: by the way, I found this secret garden outside your house.

609
00:35:46,680 --> 00:35:48,400
Speaker 1: Let's go to it. And he's like, I can't, the

610
00:35:48,440 --> 00:35:51,400
Speaker 1: spores will kill me, and she's like, no, it'll be

611
00:35:51,440 --> 00:35:53,480
Speaker 1: good for you. And then he gets really healthy and

612
00:35:53,520 --> 00:35:57,800
Speaker 1: then he's he like, he's great because he goes outside

613
00:35:57,800 --> 00:36:01,040
Speaker 1: and enjoys. Good to go outside because because we were

614
00:36:01,080 --> 00:36:04,080
Speaker 1: supposed to be outside a lot of the time. Otherwise

615
00:36:04,120 --> 00:36:07,960
Speaker 1: we die. Um so yeah. In the last twenty or

616
00:36:08,040 --> 00:36:12,200
Speaker 1: so years of the nineteenth century, doctors slowly start to

617
00:36:12,360 --> 00:36:15,719
Speaker 1: and not evenly start to realize that like, oh, it's

618
00:36:15,760 --> 00:36:18,400
Speaker 1: good to move your body, people are less likely to

619
00:36:18,440 --> 00:36:21,920
Speaker 1: die when they regularly move their bodies. Um, this actually

620
00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:24,360
Speaker 1: makes a lot of health problems better, Like having people

621
00:36:24,360 --> 00:36:27,680
Speaker 1: go out in bicycle like stops them from getting horribly

622
00:36:27,719 --> 00:36:30,919
Speaker 1: sick sometimes. And I'm gonna quote from the book Mr

623
00:36:30,960 --> 00:36:35,400
Speaker 1: America here. Though Americans had a history of importing fitness

624
00:36:35,400 --> 00:36:38,279
Speaker 1: fads from the continent, Ben Franklin wrote in seventeen eighty

625
00:36:38,320 --> 00:36:40,440
Speaker 1: six that he'd reached a ripe old age because I

626
00:36:40,520 --> 00:36:43,600
Speaker 1: live temporarily, drink no wine, and used daily exercise of

627
00:36:43,680 --> 00:36:46,600
Speaker 1: the dumbbell. It was not until the United States was

628
00:36:46,640 --> 00:36:49,800
Speaker 1: well into its own Industrial Revolution that its first homegrown

629
00:36:49,840 --> 00:36:54,920
Speaker 1: fitness guru emerged. He was Diocletian Lewis. Fucking incredible names

630
00:36:54,960 --> 00:37:00,360
Speaker 1: back then. Diocletian, Diocletian Lewis. I think Diocletian was around Nimber.

631
00:37:00,719 --> 00:37:05,680
Speaker 1: He was Diocletian Lewis Harvard University physical education instructor. In

632
00:37:05,680 --> 00:37:08,960
Speaker 1: September eighteen sixty Harper's Weekly magazine hailed him as the

633
00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:13,080
Speaker 1: genius behind the country's athletic revival. His enemies were stress

634
00:37:13,080 --> 00:37:16,560
Speaker 1: and inactivity, and his weapon was exercise. The newly formed

635
00:37:16,600 --> 00:37:19,440
Speaker 1: classes of desk bound office clerks and the expanding ranks

636
00:37:19,440 --> 00:37:22,600
Speaker 1: of house bound urban mothers were stockpiling nervous energy in

637
00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:26,120
Speaker 1: their pale, untaxed bodies, like pressure building in a Fulton

638
00:37:26,239 --> 00:37:29,640
Speaker 1: steam engine. In eighteen sixty nine, the physician George Beard

639
00:37:29,719 --> 00:37:33,520
Speaker 1: gave this malaise the name neurasthenia. It was also commonly

640
00:37:33,520 --> 00:37:39,000
Speaker 1: known as exhaustion. Americans were warned to beware its symptoms insomnia, anxiety, headaches,

641
00:37:39,400 --> 00:37:42,319
Speaker 1: And that's again they don't understand the reason behind it,

642
00:37:42,360 --> 00:37:46,080
Speaker 1: but that's good, basically accurate. That like, yeah, if you

643
00:37:46,120 --> 00:37:49,799
Speaker 1: spend all days stuck inside not moving your body, you

644
00:37:49,880 --> 00:37:54,480
Speaker 1: feel like shit. It is it's bad for you. Um,

645
00:37:54,520 --> 00:37:58,640
Speaker 1: it's good to get outside and move around. Um. So

646
00:37:58,920 --> 00:38:02,840
Speaker 1: that's kind of how that begins as a broad cultural understanding.

647
00:38:02,840 --> 00:38:07,640
Speaker 1: And after Diocletian Lewis came another Harvard Man Dudley Allen Sergeant,

648
00:38:07,800 --> 00:38:10,600
Speaker 1: who coined the term preventative medicine. He's like the first

649
00:38:10,640 --> 00:38:12,759
Speaker 1: guy to be like, what do we stopped people from

650
00:38:12,800 --> 00:38:17,120
Speaker 1: getting sick? Wouldn't that be based? Um? And he devised

651
00:38:17,120 --> 00:38:20,319
Speaker 1: the first pulley weight machines and exercise history, so like

652
00:38:20,400 --> 00:38:23,280
Speaker 1: the origins of all the like not like free weights,

653
00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:26,799
Speaker 1: but the different machines at your gym these days or whatever. Like,

654
00:38:26,840 --> 00:38:29,440
Speaker 1: he's the guy who figures out like the first of those.

655
00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:33,880
Speaker 1: And Sergeant is generally recognized as the father of physical education,

656
00:38:34,160 --> 00:38:36,719
Speaker 1: which in some ways makes him the worst bastard we've

657
00:38:36,719 --> 00:38:38,760
Speaker 1: ever discussed on this show, because he is the origin

658
00:38:38,800 --> 00:38:41,759
Speaker 1: of pe as a concept. Um, did you not have

659
00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:48,440
Speaker 1: a good time in gym class, Robert? Did anyone? Was

660
00:38:48,480 --> 00:38:52,319
Speaker 1: that a good time for anybody? Had a great time?

661
00:38:52,400 --> 00:38:56,120
Speaker 1: I loved getting changed in front of other people in

662
00:38:56,120 --> 00:39:00,360
Speaker 1: the middle of the school day show. Sky MMed my

663
00:39:00,400 --> 00:39:03,759
Speaker 1: way into being the assistant who counts the laps on

664
00:39:03,920 --> 00:39:06,560
Speaker 1: lap day in the seventh grade. So I didn't have

665
00:39:06,560 --> 00:39:08,680
Speaker 1: a lot of friends, but I didn't have to run

666
00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:12,120
Speaker 1: lap day. I had a friend who died in p

667
00:39:13,160 --> 00:39:18,280
Speaker 1: oh please bad. Yeah. Yeah, he had like a hard problem.

668
00:39:18,360 --> 00:39:21,120
Speaker 1: He had been like he had, he had been exempt

669
00:39:21,200 --> 00:39:24,319
Speaker 1: from PE for years, and then for whatever reason, they

670
00:39:24,360 --> 00:39:27,680
Speaker 1: decided he was better and he could he had to

671
00:39:27,719 --> 00:39:30,120
Speaker 1: do PE. And then he dropped dead during a run.

672
00:39:32,160 --> 00:39:35,880
Speaker 1: Pretty fucked up, Pretty fucked up. Um, So you know

673
00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:43,360
Speaker 1: whatever Jim class. So, at any rate, by the last

674
00:39:43,400 --> 00:39:45,640
Speaker 1: twenty or so years of the eighteen hundreds, you have

675
00:39:45,680 --> 00:39:48,839
Speaker 1: a few different distinct strands of physical culture coming again.

676
00:39:48,840 --> 00:39:50,440
Speaker 1: You see, these are all like different, but they're all

677
00:39:50,520 --> 00:39:53,680
Speaker 1: kind of interrelated. You've got these muscular Christians talking about

678
00:39:53,760 --> 00:39:57,200
Speaker 1: like the way the idea that sport and fitness improves

679
00:39:57,239 --> 00:40:00,279
Speaker 1: moral character, right, that like God wants you to take

680
00:40:00,280 --> 00:40:02,120
Speaker 1: care of your body because it's his body, and like

681
00:40:02,160 --> 00:40:04,400
Speaker 1: this is part of like being a good Christian. You

682
00:40:04,480 --> 00:40:08,520
Speaker 1: have the more humanistic secular values of Diocletian Lewis, who

683
00:40:08,520 --> 00:40:13,040
Speaker 1: sees activity as an antidote to um sedentary industrial life.

684
00:40:13,239 --> 00:40:15,799
Speaker 1: And then you've got Sergeant whose whose values are kind

685
00:40:15,800 --> 00:40:18,600
Speaker 1: of the father of Pe, whose values are starting to

686
00:40:18,760 --> 00:40:22,240
Speaker 1: verge on eugenics. Right. Um, the basic idea is like, okay,

687
00:40:22,320 --> 00:40:25,240
Speaker 1: look at technology, colonialism, and history. It's obvious that people

688
00:40:25,239 --> 00:40:28,080
Speaker 1: are improving, Right, That's how these people think white people

689
00:40:28,080 --> 00:40:30,279
Speaker 1: in this period like, oh, people are obviously better than

690
00:40:30,280 --> 00:40:33,240
Speaker 1: we were before because we used to be savages. Um.

691
00:40:33,440 --> 00:40:35,680
Speaker 1: Like the people who I still consider to be savages,

692
00:40:35,719 --> 00:40:38,400
Speaker 1: who's everyone who isn't white and lives in a city. Um.

693
00:40:38,600 --> 00:40:40,799
Speaker 1: And so his idea is that like, if you can

694
00:40:40,840 --> 00:40:43,920
Speaker 1: improve people through exercise, if it makes people better, then

695
00:40:43,960 --> 00:40:47,520
Speaker 1: if you can force societies to exercise its scale, you

696
00:40:47,560 --> 00:40:51,080
Speaker 1: can improve the human race, right, which is and again

697
00:40:51,360 --> 00:40:54,080
Speaker 1: exercise is good. I would argue this is not a

698
00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:58,799
Speaker 1: healthy way to think of exercise. No, especially because like

699
00:40:59,040 --> 00:41:03,239
Speaker 1: that has evolved then to like modern day A lot

700
00:41:03,280 --> 00:41:06,160
Speaker 1: of like modern day able is um, which is like

701
00:41:06,200 --> 00:41:11,399
Speaker 1: a huge problem with the like wellness movement that exists now.

702
00:41:11,560 --> 00:41:15,480
Speaker 1: And I mean, yeah, it is a problem. And it's

703
00:41:15,480 --> 00:41:16,920
Speaker 1: one of those things like when I talk about it

704
00:41:17,000 --> 00:41:19,160
Speaker 1: is good to move around, it is good to exercise,

705
00:41:19,200 --> 00:41:22,640
Speaker 1: there are people who don't have that option, and that

706
00:41:22,640 --> 00:41:25,120
Speaker 1: that's that requires them to do additional things in order

707
00:41:25,160 --> 00:41:27,840
Speaker 1: to stay healthy, because like you do, like your body

708
00:41:27,920 --> 00:41:30,680
Speaker 1: needs a certain amount of exertion in order to to

709
00:41:31,280 --> 00:41:34,880
Speaker 1: do to do it's best and it's it's difficult, um,

710
00:41:34,920 --> 00:41:37,720
Speaker 1: But you're starting to see I mean obviously these people

711
00:41:37,760 --> 00:41:39,800
Speaker 1: being who they are, there's a lot of moral value

712
00:41:39,880 --> 00:41:42,680
Speaker 1: attached to being able to exercise and in the way

713
00:41:42,680 --> 00:41:46,000
Speaker 1: that they think is best. Um, and there's a lot

714
00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:49,160
Speaker 1: of problematic shit, as there is still today, as you

715
00:41:49,239 --> 00:41:55,279
Speaker 1: just noted. But you know what's not problematic, Caitlin, the

716
00:41:55,320 --> 00:41:58,640
Speaker 1: goods and services, the products and so the goods are

717
00:41:58,680 --> 00:42:02,879
Speaker 1: incredibly problematic. Oh my god, do not do not check

718
00:42:02,880 --> 00:42:08,120
Speaker 1: out like fucked up. I'm sorry, fucked up. The products. Yeah,

719
00:42:08,120 --> 00:42:13,040
Speaker 1: the products are fine. Products are golden, unless unless it's uh, yeah,

720
00:42:13,239 --> 00:42:16,520
Speaker 1: you know, one of the not good ones that we

721
00:42:16,600 --> 00:42:20,239
Speaker 1: didn't approve. Let's slippy. Yeah, yeah, like if it's like

722
00:42:20,280 --> 00:42:24,760
Speaker 1: if it's Chevron or black Rifle coffee or black Rifle coffee.

723
00:42:26,360 --> 00:42:28,280
Speaker 1: But do if if you get an ex c AD,

724
00:42:28,520 --> 00:42:30,680
Speaker 1: I do recommend hiring ex C for all of your

725
00:42:30,719 --> 00:42:33,560
Speaker 1: mercenary needs. Look their monsters, But if you need a

726
00:42:33,560 --> 00:42:36,160
Speaker 1: bunch of men who won't ask questions to kill people

727
00:42:36,200 --> 00:42:40,960
Speaker 1: for you, you've got to go with x C. This

728
00:42:41,000 --> 00:42:44,080
Speaker 1: has been a paid advertisement what used to be Blackwater.

729
00:42:45,080 --> 00:42:54,480
Speaker 1: Here's the rest of the ads. Ah, we're back, Caitlin.

730
00:42:55,239 --> 00:42:59,400
Speaker 1: Have you ever paid demand to kill anyone? I really

731
00:42:59,440 --> 00:43:03,800
Speaker 1: haven't no. Okay, well, I guess podcasting is different for everybody.

732
00:43:03,880 --> 00:43:11,560
Speaker 1: So the idea of fitness and the kind of and

733
00:43:11,600 --> 00:43:13,759
Speaker 1: again this is like I don't know if if there

734
00:43:13,880 --> 00:43:17,120
Speaker 1: was no coined eugenics thinking at this time, Eugenics isn't

735
00:43:17,120 --> 00:43:19,960
Speaker 1: really like a popular thing yet in eighteen seventy nine, like,

736
00:43:20,239 --> 00:43:22,799
Speaker 1: but the precursors of it, like people are starting to

737
00:43:22,920 --> 00:43:25,640
Speaker 1: have the ideas that will feed into the eugenics movement

738
00:43:25,640 --> 00:43:28,560
Speaker 1: that dominates the early part of the twentieth century. And

739
00:43:28,880 --> 00:43:32,239
Speaker 1: the kind of this kind of like fitness as proto eugenics.

740
00:43:32,400 --> 00:43:34,160
Speaker 1: One of the people who takes it on is a

741
00:43:34,160 --> 00:43:38,040
Speaker 1: guy named William Blakey. Now, in eighteen seventy nine, Blakey

742
00:43:38,120 --> 00:43:41,000
Speaker 1: writes a book titled How to Get Strong and How

743
00:43:41,080 --> 00:43:44,000
Speaker 1: to Stay So, which is not a bad title for

744
00:43:44,040 --> 00:43:48,000
Speaker 1: an exercise book. Blakey was an endurance athlete with a

745
00:43:48,080 --> 00:43:52,000
Speaker 1: Darwinian attitude towards fitness. His book included much of the

746
00:43:52,040 --> 00:43:55,040
Speaker 1: same sort of exercise advice that Sergeant gave, mixed with

747
00:43:55,080 --> 00:43:57,920
Speaker 1: appeals to patriotisms. You can see where like the eugenics

748
00:43:58,000 --> 00:43:59,840
Speaker 1: nature of this is like this is we need to

749
00:43:59,840 --> 00:44:04,239
Speaker 1: make a nation strong, you know, unsettling stuff. Early on,

750
00:44:04,400 --> 00:44:07,319
Speaker 1: he makes sure to compare American youth to British youth,

751
00:44:07,360 --> 00:44:10,040
Speaker 1: who he claims are in much better shape, capable of

752
00:44:10,120 --> 00:44:13,759
Speaker 1: running miles without breaking a sweat. Quote. Let him who

753
00:44:13,800 --> 00:44:16,120
Speaker 1: thinks that the average American boy would have fared as

754
00:44:16,120 --> 00:44:18,640
Speaker 1: well as these British kids, go down to the public

755
00:44:18,719 --> 00:44:20,800
Speaker 1: bath house and look carefully at a hundred or so

756
00:44:20,880 --> 00:44:22,960
Speaker 1: of them as they tumble about in the water. He

757
00:44:23,000 --> 00:44:25,919
Speaker 1: will see more big heads and slim necks, more poor

758
00:44:26,040 --> 00:44:29,000
Speaker 1: legs and skinny arms and lanky, half built bodies than

759
00:44:29,040 --> 00:44:31,800
Speaker 1: he would ever have imagined the whole neighborhood could produce.

760
00:44:33,920 --> 00:44:35,919
Speaker 1: So he's like, look at a bunch of naked kids

761
00:44:35,920 --> 00:44:39,760
Speaker 1: and tell me how weird they are. Creepy. That's not great,

762
00:44:40,880 --> 00:44:44,320
Speaker 1: that's not great. So this has been a long digression,

763
00:44:44,360 --> 00:44:46,920
Speaker 1: but I think the background is necessary. So when we

764
00:44:47,000 --> 00:44:49,560
Speaker 1: left off our man Bernard, right, he's feeling like ship.

765
00:44:49,600 --> 00:44:52,640
Speaker 1: He's working indoors all day, and he starts like walking about,

766
00:44:52,880 --> 00:44:55,640
Speaker 1: like looking for a way to deal with his health problems.

767
00:44:55,680 --> 00:44:58,759
Speaker 1: And he comes across a gymnasium. This is a three.

768
00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:02,080
Speaker 1: He's fifteen years old, and he sees his first gym

769
00:45:02,120 --> 00:45:04,360
Speaker 1: and he sees a bunch of dudes working out, and again,

770
00:45:04,719 --> 00:45:07,760
Speaker 1: health is ship in the eighteen eighties, right, most people

771
00:45:07,760 --> 00:45:10,759
Speaker 1: are dying from the time they're like four. This is

772
00:45:10,800 --> 00:45:14,040
Speaker 1: his first time seeing healthy people like he sees people

773
00:45:14,040 --> 00:45:17,000
Speaker 1: who have like muscle, and not just because they're at

774
00:45:17,000 --> 00:45:19,359
Speaker 1: a gym, but because it's expensive to go to the gym.

775
00:45:19,760 --> 00:45:22,040
Speaker 1: They they're wealthy, so they're able to feed themselves well,

776
00:45:22,120 --> 00:45:24,239
Speaker 1: and they're of the fairly small number of people at

777
00:45:24,239 --> 00:45:26,440
Speaker 1: that point who are working out regularly. So he sees

778
00:45:26,480 --> 00:45:28,719
Speaker 1: these people, even the least of them, looks like an

779
00:45:28,719 --> 00:45:31,799
Speaker 1: Adonis to him, and he's just immediately like, this is

780
00:45:31,840 --> 00:45:34,360
Speaker 1: what I want to do with my life. I need

781
00:45:34,360 --> 00:45:37,959
Speaker 1: to have this in my life. But the entry fee

782
00:45:38,000 --> 00:45:40,879
Speaker 1: to get started at the gym is fifteen dollars, which

783
00:45:40,920 --> 00:45:42,520
Speaker 1: is more than he makes in a month, so he

784
00:45:42,600 --> 00:45:47,000
Speaker 1: cannot afford to join a gym. Um, but just kind

785
00:45:47,000 --> 00:45:49,360
Speaker 1: of hanging out around the gym, he acquires a copy

786
00:45:49,400 --> 00:45:51,920
Speaker 1: of How to Get Strong and Stay so Uh, and

787
00:45:51,960 --> 00:45:54,920
Speaker 1: he manages to find some used weights, some barbels that

788
00:45:55,000 --> 00:45:57,320
Speaker 1: he can afford, so he buys some weights. He buys

789
00:45:57,360 --> 00:46:00,480
Speaker 1: this book. He goes home and he worked out for

790
00:46:00,480 --> 00:46:04,080
Speaker 1: the first time in his room. He later wrote thereafter,

791
00:46:04,200 --> 00:46:06,400
Speaker 1: I had but one object in view. I would not

792
00:46:06,520 --> 00:46:09,719
Speaker 1: be satisfied until I was a strong man. You know.

793
00:46:09,719 --> 00:46:12,239
Speaker 1: At this point, strong man is like that's like a thing, right, Like,

794
00:46:12,400 --> 00:46:15,520
Speaker 1: because exercise is so new when guys the first time

795
00:46:15,640 --> 00:46:18,520
Speaker 1: guys figured out how to lift big weights, it's like, like,

796
00:46:18,600 --> 00:46:20,560
Speaker 1: you show up like that guy, you can lift a

797
00:46:20,560 --> 00:46:24,920
Speaker 1: bunch of weights. Okay, So he's not filled with rickets

798
00:46:24,960 --> 00:46:29,280
Speaker 1: like the rest of us. So Bernard just like sees

799
00:46:29,320 --> 00:46:33,399
Speaker 1: all these like fit dudes who basically no one else

800
00:46:33,560 --> 00:46:35,799
Speaker 1: looks like because no one else has like the resources

801
00:46:35,880 --> 00:46:39,360
Speaker 1: to do it. And then he's like, my, like, my

802
00:46:39,480 --> 00:46:43,160
Speaker 1: calling is to be a gym bro. Yeah, yeah, that's

803
00:46:43,160 --> 00:46:47,160
Speaker 1: exactly it. I mean it might be hard not to

804
00:46:47,320 --> 00:46:50,359
Speaker 1: because he's basically seeing people who are living close to

805
00:46:50,640 --> 00:46:54,680
Speaker 1: the way the like normal ish people in the twentieth century,

806
00:46:54,680 --> 00:46:57,280
Speaker 1: we're able to live because they have better diet, because

807
00:46:57,280 --> 00:47:00,040
Speaker 1: they have a basic understanding of exercise. And he is

808
00:47:00,080 --> 00:47:03,399
Speaker 1: living in an era in which like, if you only

809
00:47:03,440 --> 00:47:07,680
Speaker 1: had a couple of parasites, you're doing great. Um, right,

810
00:47:07,800 --> 00:47:09,640
Speaker 1: So you get why he might be like he would

811
00:47:09,640 --> 00:47:11,680
Speaker 1: be like, oh my god, this seems so much better

812
00:47:11,719 --> 00:47:16,319
Speaker 1: than my miserable, starving life of disease and death. Um,

813
00:47:16,360 --> 00:47:18,359
Speaker 1: I don't I have a lot of sympathy for him

814
00:47:18,400 --> 00:47:19,880
Speaker 1: wanting to be a Jim bro I guess that's what

815
00:47:19,920 --> 00:47:23,239
Speaker 1: I'm saying. It's not like I don't think I'm sure.

816
00:47:23,280 --> 00:47:25,120
Speaker 1: I know vanity is wrapped up in this because he

817
00:47:25,160 --> 00:47:27,400
Speaker 1: becomes a very vain man. But it's not just vanity.

818
00:47:27,440 --> 00:47:29,719
Speaker 1: It's just like, oh my god, I don't have to

819
00:47:29,760 --> 00:47:32,960
Speaker 1: be sick all my life. Sure that that's a that

820
00:47:33,160 --> 00:47:38,279
Speaker 1: is a motivation that is understandable. Yeah? Yeah. Um, So

821
00:47:38,640 --> 00:47:41,279
Speaker 1: Bernard exercises with these dumbbells, and he comes up with

822
00:47:41,320 --> 00:47:44,160
Speaker 1: other solutions. He finds a ten pound lead bar and

823
00:47:44,200 --> 00:47:46,640
Speaker 1: he wraps it in newspaper and he just stuffs it

824
00:47:46,640 --> 00:47:49,959
Speaker 1: into his shirt every day and goes walking for miles. Um,

825
00:47:50,000 --> 00:47:52,000
Speaker 1: when he comes home at night, he'll just like set

826
00:47:52,040 --> 00:47:55,640
Speaker 1: the bar down next to everyone else's coat. His family

827
00:47:55,680 --> 00:47:57,839
Speaker 1: thinks that he starts to think that he's mentally ill

828
00:47:58,200 --> 00:48:01,479
Speaker 1: because like nobody like exercise is not commonly talked about,

829
00:48:01,480 --> 00:48:03,120
Speaker 1: So like, what the fund is wrong with this kid?

830
00:48:03,320 --> 00:48:06,600
Speaker 1: Why is he carrying a bar round in his shirt? Also,

831
00:48:06,640 --> 00:48:09,279
Speaker 1: it's lead. Can you get lead poisoning that way? Don't? Yeah,

832
00:48:09,280 --> 00:48:12,359
Speaker 1: I mean it's not. This is probably not great for him,

833
00:48:12,400 --> 00:48:17,640
Speaker 1: but also probably not the worst poisoning he's getting. You know,

834
00:48:18,719 --> 00:48:22,320
Speaker 1: he's had a lot of poisoning at this point. Everybody

835
00:48:22,440 --> 00:48:24,720
Speaker 1: was poisoned with a couple of things in those days.

836
00:48:25,600 --> 00:48:28,239
Speaker 1: If you could have given somebody an asbestos milkshake, it

837
00:48:28,239 --> 00:48:32,200
Speaker 1: would have made them healthier. Um, not a great time.

838
00:48:32,840 --> 00:48:36,719
Speaker 1: So Exercise profoundly agrees with Bernard, and he gets in

839
00:48:36,800 --> 00:48:39,839
Speaker 1: a lot better shape. His health problems go away. Um,

840
00:48:39,840 --> 00:48:42,160
Speaker 1: he starts looking good, and he sets out into the

841
00:48:42,200 --> 00:48:44,399
Speaker 1: world again with a new lease on life. And I'm

842
00:48:44,400 --> 00:48:48,080
Speaker 1: gonna quote from a nineteen one article in American Heritage Magazine.

843
00:48:48,080 --> 00:48:52,280
Speaker 1: Now he became a hobo of sorts, writing the rails,

844
00:48:52,320 --> 00:48:55,480
Speaker 1: descending on more of his numerous relations, and working as

845
00:48:55,480 --> 00:48:58,759
Speaker 1: a water boy for a construction gang, as a dentist's assistant,

846
00:48:58,920 --> 00:49:01,920
Speaker 1: a wood chopper, and, in the tradition of Franklin and Twain,

847
00:49:02,239 --> 00:49:04,880
Speaker 1: a printer's devil that's like the assistant of a printer.

848
00:49:05,040 --> 00:49:07,280
Speaker 1: I don't know why they called it a devil. Toward

849
00:49:07,360 --> 00:49:09,640
Speaker 1: the end of the period, while toiling in a coal mine,

850
00:49:09,680 --> 00:49:12,080
Speaker 1: Bernard had one of those moments of revelation that dot

851
00:49:12,120 --> 00:49:15,520
Speaker 1: his recollections. He suddenly saw that his mission in life

852
00:49:15,520 --> 00:49:18,200
Speaker 1: was to preach the gospel of health. He got busy.

853
00:49:18,320 --> 00:49:20,919
Speaker 1: Returning to St. Louis, he saved enough money to join

854
00:49:20,960 --> 00:49:24,440
Speaker 1: a real gymnasium, got acquainted with books like William Blakey's

855
00:49:24,440 --> 00:49:26,840
Speaker 1: How to Get Strong, and eventually rented a studio and

856
00:49:26,920 --> 00:49:31,000
Speaker 1: hung out a sign that said Bernard McFadden Kinniss Therapist,

857
00:49:31,160 --> 00:49:34,879
Speaker 1: teacher of higher physical Culture. As to his change of name,

858
00:49:34,960 --> 00:49:38,560
Speaker 1: he later explained the picturesque appealed to me. I wanted

859
00:49:38,600 --> 00:49:41,520
Speaker 1: something out of the ordinary. As to the origin of

860
00:49:41,560 --> 00:49:45,040
Speaker 1: the word kinness therapist, he admitted to having no idea,

861
00:49:45,480 --> 00:49:49,560
Speaker 1: so he makes up both the name Bernard, which I've

862
00:49:49,680 --> 00:49:52,439
Speaker 1: I've heard one allegation it sounded like a lion's roar

863
00:49:52,480 --> 00:49:59,600
Speaker 1: to him, so he thinks it sounds stronger. It's very funny.

864
00:50:00,480 --> 00:50:02,279
Speaker 1: Um and Kenne's Therapies is like, yeah, I don't know

865
00:50:02,280 --> 00:50:04,360
Speaker 1: where that came from. Like I just felt like that that,

866
00:50:04,440 --> 00:50:06,359
Speaker 1: Like I just wanted to make up a you could

867
00:50:06,440 --> 00:50:10,120
Speaker 1: just do that, right, Like there's no Yeah, that sounds

868
00:50:10,200 --> 00:50:16,920
Speaker 1: like it doesn't sound unlike no canology, you're not. It

869
00:50:17,000 --> 00:50:19,160
Speaker 1: makes sense because like Kenneth, I think it's just basically

870
00:50:19,200 --> 00:50:22,560
Speaker 1: movement the movement therapist. That is like what a personal

871
00:50:22,600 --> 00:50:26,960
Speaker 1: trainer at its best should be. Um. So it's not

872
00:50:27,080 --> 00:50:30,200
Speaker 1: like he's not again, he's not like Snake Oily at

873
00:50:30,280 --> 00:50:33,800
Speaker 1: this point, like he's actually selling something real Now nobody

874
00:50:33,840 --> 00:50:36,600
Speaker 1: has a great understanding of like what's actually good for

875
00:50:36,640 --> 00:50:39,360
Speaker 1: you and what's actually bad for what exercises may do

876
00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:42,160
Speaker 1: more harm than good. But that's not his fault. That's

877
00:50:42,200 --> 00:50:45,680
Speaker 1: just like we're just now figuring this stuff out. Um.

878
00:50:45,840 --> 00:50:48,480
Speaker 1: But his basic premises at this point are like, I'm

879
00:50:48,480 --> 00:50:50,880
Speaker 1: going to help people move their bodies and lift heavier

880
00:50:50,920 --> 00:50:54,160
Speaker 1: things until they get stronger, which is a broadly positive

881
00:50:54,239 --> 00:50:58,040
Speaker 1: thing to do. Um. So, Kenne's therapy may not have

882
00:50:58,040 --> 00:51:00,399
Speaker 1: been an actual term, but it was a really enough

883
00:51:00,440 --> 00:51:03,480
Speaker 1: thing and Bernard was good at it. His studio did

884
00:51:03,520 --> 00:51:06,880
Speaker 1: well in large part due to his undeniably brilliant slogan

885
00:51:07,400 --> 00:51:11,920
Speaker 1: weakness is a crime, don't be a criminal. What I

886
00:51:12,040 --> 00:51:17,280
Speaker 1: fucking love that? That's that is everything about like fitness

887
00:51:17,280 --> 00:51:20,399
Speaker 1: culture today too, Like it's that's that's cross fit, right,

888
00:51:20,440 --> 00:51:23,239
Speaker 1: Like that's all of it. It's so good. There's just like, no,

889
00:51:23,520 --> 00:51:27,959
Speaker 1: he doesn't dress it up at all. That is so aggressive.

890
00:51:28,320 --> 00:51:31,760
Speaker 1: And yet I imagine for a certain type of person

891
00:51:31,800 --> 00:51:36,680
Speaker 1: who sees that type of marketing very effective. Yeah, he's

892
00:51:36,800 --> 00:51:39,480
Speaker 1: very good, Like he's he's very successful from an early

893
00:51:39,520 --> 00:51:43,040
Speaker 1: stage at this um and he's again like he's he's

894
00:51:43,080 --> 00:51:45,440
Speaker 1: grasping at the thing that all of these people will

895
00:51:45,480 --> 00:51:48,400
Speaker 1: wind up basically saying they just put a little bit

896
00:51:48,400 --> 00:51:51,640
Speaker 1: more of a bow on it. Now. Bernar may have

897
00:51:51,760 --> 00:51:55,440
Speaker 1: been the first personal trainer in history. Um Like, it's

898
00:51:55,480 --> 00:51:57,279
Speaker 1: kind of I get kind of depends on how you

899
00:51:57,600 --> 00:51:59,680
Speaker 1: on how you, uh you define it, but he may

900
00:51:59,680 --> 00:52:00,880
Speaker 1: have been like the first person to be like, my

901
00:52:00,960 --> 00:52:02,960
Speaker 1: job is going to be to one on one train

902
00:52:03,040 --> 00:52:05,879
Speaker 1: people how to be physically healthier through exercise. He might

903
00:52:05,920 --> 00:52:10,040
Speaker 1: be the person who invented that entire field. Um so

904
00:52:10,360 --> 00:52:12,680
Speaker 1: he asserted at the very least, he helped to invent

905
00:52:12,719 --> 00:52:16,240
Speaker 1: the entire discipline. And this is going to happen a bunch.

906
00:52:16,600 --> 00:52:20,320
Speaker 1: It is actually kind of boggling how many different career

907
00:52:20,360 --> 00:52:23,360
Speaker 1: fields this guy either invince whole cloth or helps to

908
00:52:23,440 --> 00:52:28,240
Speaker 1: invent um. He is a tremendously influential person. So uh,

909
00:52:28,280 --> 00:52:31,719
Speaker 1: he invinced personal training kind of uh. And in order

910
00:52:31,760 --> 00:52:35,239
Speaker 1: to make extra cash, he works as a wrestling match organizer.

911
00:52:35,600 --> 00:52:39,840
Speaker 1: He also experiments constantly with different health treatments. Mostly this

912
00:52:39,880 --> 00:52:43,360
Speaker 1: would mean periodically fasting and restricting his caloric intake to

913
00:52:43,440 --> 00:52:47,480
Speaker 1: an extreme degree in order to lose weight. While exercising constantly,

914
00:52:48,239 --> 00:52:52,960
Speaker 1: he would regularly gain and then drop like thirty pounds. Um,

915
00:52:53,000 --> 00:52:55,360
Speaker 1: I think he had a needing disorder. I'm actually certain

916
00:52:55,440 --> 00:52:59,479
Speaker 1: he had a needing disorder. Um, because you hear about

917
00:52:59,480 --> 00:53:02,760
Speaker 1: this regular he has this obsession with total caloric restriction

918
00:53:02,800 --> 00:53:05,720
Speaker 1: in order to drop weight very quickly, like he's purging.

919
00:53:05,920 --> 00:53:07,560
Speaker 1: You know, I don't know that he binges, but he's

920
00:53:07,560 --> 00:53:12,719
Speaker 1: certainly purges. Um, not by puking, but like total caloric restriction.

921
00:53:12,800 --> 00:53:17,680
Speaker 1: That's eating disorder stuff. Right, Um, I mean I've been there. Yeah.

922
00:53:18,480 --> 00:53:22,360
Speaker 1: In his own writings, Bernard build this as scientific experimentation.

923
00:53:22,520 --> 00:53:24,680
Speaker 1: He wrote up his findings and submitted them to a

924
00:53:24,719 --> 00:53:28,800
Speaker 1: wide variety of newspapers and magazines. His entire educational career

925
00:53:28,800 --> 00:53:31,000
Speaker 1: at this point amounted to a handful of odd days

926
00:53:31,000 --> 00:53:33,600
Speaker 1: at school to avoid truancy court. So he was not

927
00:53:33,640 --> 00:53:37,480
Speaker 1: good at writing, like he's barely able to write, but

928
00:53:37,680 --> 00:53:40,520
Speaker 1: he seemed to sense instinctively that writing was going to

929
00:53:40,560 --> 00:53:43,000
Speaker 1: be crucial to his success. So while he's working as

930
00:53:43,040 --> 00:53:45,520
Speaker 1: a personal trainer and it's like a wrestling barker, he

931
00:53:45,640 --> 00:53:49,399
Speaker 1: goes back to school um in order to uh learn

932
00:53:49,440 --> 00:53:51,760
Speaker 1: how to write, and he takes a part time job,

933
00:53:51,920 --> 00:53:53,879
Speaker 1: a more formal part time job to help with us

934
00:53:53,880 --> 00:53:57,240
Speaker 1: at the Bunker Hill Military Academy as a pe coach.

935
00:53:57,719 --> 00:54:00,480
Speaker 1: And it was here working as an early p e coach.

936
00:54:00,560 --> 00:54:02,560
Speaker 1: This is not a common job at the time that

937
00:54:02,640 --> 00:54:06,120
Speaker 1: Bernard would be struck by his greatest revelation from Mr.

938
00:54:06,160 --> 00:54:11,600
Speaker 1: America quote for simplicity's sake, Bernard had temporarily abandoned his

939
00:54:11,680 --> 00:54:14,120
Speaker 1: two meals a day habit for three squares served at

940
00:54:14,120 --> 00:54:16,400
Speaker 1: the academy. Near the end of the spring term, he

941
00:54:16,440 --> 00:54:19,239
Speaker 1: felt the early symptoms of pneumonia coming on and immediately

942
00:54:19,280 --> 00:54:22,640
Speaker 1: diagnosed his relative gluttony as the cause. Bernard had noticed

943
00:54:22,680 --> 00:54:25,759
Speaker 1: that farm animals became well by abstaining from food when ill.

944
00:54:26,080 --> 00:54:28,719
Speaker 1: He immediately cut his own intake back to a couple

945
00:54:28,719 --> 00:54:30,800
Speaker 1: of pieces of fruit for a day. By the second

946
00:54:30,840 --> 00:54:33,200
Speaker 1: day of fasting, his chest had begun to clear. By

947
00:54:33,200 --> 00:54:35,759
Speaker 1: the fourth day, the inflammation had all but vanished. His

948
00:54:35,800 --> 00:54:39,920
Speaker 1: fitness philosophy was starting to gel lots of exercise, limited calories,

949
00:54:40,000 --> 00:54:45,600
Speaker 1: non traditional cures. So he's making a significant illogical leap here,

950
00:54:45,640 --> 00:54:48,880
Speaker 1: which is that it is true sick animals stop eating.

951
00:54:49,040 --> 00:54:51,160
Speaker 1: That's not because it helps them get better. It's because

952
00:54:51,200 --> 00:54:54,320
Speaker 1: they might die and they as a general, the animals

953
00:54:54,360 --> 00:54:56,960
Speaker 1: he's talking about are like hurd animals, and if you're

954
00:54:56,960 --> 00:54:59,640
Speaker 1: a herd animal and you get sick, you want to

955
00:54:59,680 --> 00:55:02,680
Speaker 1: stop eating because there's a good chance you'll die, and

956
00:55:02,719 --> 00:55:05,680
Speaker 1: every calorie you eat while dying is calories that the

957
00:55:05,680 --> 00:55:08,080
Speaker 1: rest of the animals in the herd don't get. It's

958
00:55:08,120 --> 00:55:11,040
Speaker 1: the same reason why if you're slaughtering an animal like

959
00:55:11,080 --> 00:55:14,040
Speaker 1: a sheep or something, um a lot of them and chickens,

960
00:55:14,080 --> 00:55:15,719
Speaker 1: it's the same way. There's a way to basically like

961
00:55:16,040 --> 00:55:18,080
Speaker 1: if you position them properly, that kind of turn off.

962
00:55:18,120 --> 00:55:19,360
Speaker 1: Like if you get them on their back and you

963
00:55:19,360 --> 00:55:20,960
Speaker 1: get like a knee on their neck, Like it's not

964
00:55:21,000 --> 00:55:23,520
Speaker 1: like you're not like shoving them super hard, but it's

965
00:55:23,560 --> 00:55:25,520
Speaker 1: just kind of an instinct. And the idea is that like, oh,

966
00:55:25,600 --> 00:55:28,359
Speaker 1: they've gotten caught by a predator, it's best if they

967
00:55:28,400 --> 00:55:31,080
Speaker 1: just kind of let it happen so that the rest

968
00:55:31,080 --> 00:55:33,040
Speaker 1: of the herd can get away. Like there's a bunch

969
00:55:33,040 --> 00:55:36,239
Speaker 1: of instincts like that in prey animals to where like, well,

970
00:55:36,800 --> 00:55:40,160
Speaker 1: what's best is what's best is not what's best for

971
00:55:40,200 --> 00:55:42,879
Speaker 1: the individual, it's what's best for the hurt and so like, oh,

972
00:55:43,160 --> 00:55:45,720
Speaker 1: I'm dying of some disease, I'm going to stop eating

973
00:55:45,760 --> 00:55:47,600
Speaker 1: so that everybody else stays fed. You know, I did

974
00:55:47,640 --> 00:55:51,759
Speaker 1: not realize that was like an instinctive thing among herd

975
00:55:51,800 --> 00:55:55,000
Speaker 1: animals that do that kind of stuff. The herd does better,

976
00:55:55,120 --> 00:56:01,440
Speaker 1: you know. Um, So, well, it's amazing. He's very wrong

977
00:56:01,480 --> 00:56:04,600
Speaker 1: about what's happening. And you also you listen to it's like,

978
00:56:04,840 --> 00:56:07,719
Speaker 1: well I did most like most people get sick once

979
00:56:07,760 --> 00:56:09,720
Speaker 1: a year or so, at least, you know, at some point,

980
00:56:10,040 --> 00:56:12,319
Speaker 1: and it usually doesn't last four days. It's usually over

981
00:56:12,320 --> 00:56:13,920
Speaker 1: in a day or two. So like, it wasn't the

982
00:56:13,960 --> 00:56:16,480
Speaker 1: starving that got better, it's you waited four days and

983
00:56:16,480 --> 00:56:22,040
Speaker 1: eventually stopped being deserted feeling. But he correlates the fact

984
00:56:22,040 --> 00:56:24,800
Speaker 1: that he's starving himself because he likes to starve himself

985
00:56:24,840 --> 00:56:27,560
Speaker 1: with the fact that he gets better anyway. You know,

986
00:56:27,719 --> 00:56:30,200
Speaker 1: it's unfortunate. This is the start of what will be

987
00:56:30,280 --> 00:56:35,000
Speaker 1: a series of unfortunate logical leaps that Bernard makes after

988
00:56:35,080 --> 00:56:37,279
Speaker 1: a year at school, like as a pe teacher and

989
00:56:37,320 --> 00:56:39,760
Speaker 1: as he's also taking classes, so a year both teaching

990
00:56:39,840 --> 00:56:44,879
Speaker 1: and taking classes. He's he's a dedicate. He's a fucking workaholic,

991
00:56:44,960 --> 00:56:48,640
Speaker 1: you know, he's I think he's got this attitude. You

992
00:56:48,680 --> 00:56:50,719
Speaker 1: do see this in a lot of people with backgrounds

993
00:56:50,719 --> 00:56:53,719
Speaker 1: as difficult as his, whether they're like I survived childhood,

994
00:56:54,200 --> 00:56:56,640
Speaker 1: like and I'm going to spend every second that I'm

995
00:56:56,680 --> 00:57:00,800
Speaker 1: awake working hard on things because like I I I

996
00:57:00,840 --> 00:57:02,840
Speaker 1: don't know. I think because like he's been that close

997
00:57:02,880 --> 00:57:05,640
Speaker 1: to death. Death was such a constant part of his childhood.

998
00:57:05,800 --> 00:57:08,239
Speaker 1: I think maybe that that's for and it's not just him.

999
00:57:08,239 --> 00:57:09,640
Speaker 1: A lot of people who have this kind of an

1000
00:57:09,680 --> 00:57:13,000
Speaker 1: upbringing this period become these like dynamos, and I think

1001
00:57:13,000 --> 00:57:15,360
Speaker 1: it's just because they can't stand to waste any time.

1002
00:57:15,400 --> 00:57:19,920
Speaker 1: You know. Also, there's no Internet, Like you're not going

1003
00:57:20,000 --> 00:57:21,760
Speaker 1: to hang out on Twitter or anything like you got

1004
00:57:21,840 --> 00:57:25,439
Speaker 1: like there's nothing literally nothing to do, So what else?

1005
00:57:25,560 --> 00:57:27,560
Speaker 1: What else? Are you gonna have right, you gotta take

1006
00:57:27,560 --> 00:57:29,880
Speaker 1: a bunch of classes and work as a which work

1007
00:57:29,920 --> 00:57:32,200
Speaker 1: as a personal trainer, and learn how to write and

1008
00:57:32,320 --> 00:57:37,080
Speaker 1: starve yourself your shelf and work out constantly. Yeah. After

1009
00:57:37,120 --> 00:57:39,840
Speaker 1: a year at school, he applied this new healthcare revelation

1010
00:57:39,880 --> 00:57:42,760
Speaker 1: to wrestling, and he used his ability to starve himself

1011
00:57:42,800 --> 00:57:45,400
Speaker 1: to train as a middle or heavyweight fighter. So he

1012
00:57:45,440 --> 00:57:47,440
Speaker 1: would he would get build up a bunch of muscle

1013
00:57:47,480 --> 00:57:50,680
Speaker 1: mass and and you know he's a big guy, so

1014
00:57:50,720 --> 00:57:53,240
Speaker 1: he would be like a heavyweight. But then he would purge,

1015
00:57:53,240 --> 00:57:56,800
Speaker 1: stop eating for several days and lose thirty pounds, um.

1016
00:57:56,880 --> 00:58:00,000
Speaker 1: And then he would go fight wrestlers who were as heavy,

1017
00:58:00,200 --> 00:58:03,320
Speaker 1: who were like he would he would basically drop down

1018
00:58:03,400 --> 00:58:05,840
Speaker 1: to a lower weight class, but with people who he

1019
00:58:05,920 --> 00:58:08,240
Speaker 1: was stronger than because he'd been training as a heavy weight.

1020
00:58:08,240 --> 00:58:10,080
Speaker 1: But he'd go down like a middle weight or something,

1021
00:58:10,440 --> 00:58:13,000
Speaker 1: and he would gamble on the outcome and win. Um.

1022
00:58:13,040 --> 00:58:16,840
Speaker 1: He was actually really good at which is a wild

1023
00:58:16,920 --> 00:58:21,800
Speaker 1: scamp to run. So he'd be like disproportionately more muscular

1024
00:58:21,840 --> 00:58:25,800
Speaker 1: and stronger than them. Okay, yeah, yeah, it's a it's

1025
00:58:25,800 --> 00:58:28,880
Speaker 1: a thing. Um. Yeah, And I'm sure the fact that like,

1026
00:58:28,920 --> 00:58:31,240
Speaker 1: nobody's that great at being healthy at this point makes

1027
00:58:31,240 --> 00:58:34,880
Speaker 1: it easier for him because like, yeah, yeah, he was

1028
00:58:34,960 --> 00:58:37,920
Speaker 1: briefly the most popular wrestler in the St. Louis area.

1029
00:58:38,160 --> 00:58:40,640
Speaker 1: His fame got him a fancy and well paying job

1030
00:58:40,760 --> 00:58:43,680
Speaker 1: as a pe teacher at a better school, where he

1031
00:58:43,720 --> 00:58:47,240
Speaker 1: wrote his first novel, a near plagiarism of Jane Austin

1032
00:58:47,320 --> 00:58:55,080
Speaker 1: based around to Swolldu titles The Athlete a novel. I

1033
00:58:55,160 --> 00:58:58,400
Speaker 1: was like, wait a minute, yeah, I don't know he

1034
00:58:58,440 --> 00:59:02,160
Speaker 1: had aspiration. Yeah, he ate it. He takes Jane Austen

1035
00:59:02,240 --> 00:59:05,440
Speaker 1: and replaces like the lady protagonist with like a jack dude.

1036
00:59:05,640 --> 00:59:09,000
Speaker 1: And the book is titled The Athletes Conquest. So again

1037
00:59:10,960 --> 00:59:13,160
Speaker 1: let me. I mean, you can guess. You can guess

1038
00:59:13,200 --> 00:59:18,000
Speaker 1: what's in that book, right, I can. So the book

1039
00:59:18,040 --> 00:59:20,800
Speaker 1: is terrible and no publisher will take it, so Bernard's

1040
00:59:20,800 --> 00:59:24,080
Speaker 1: self publishes it. Um. He's popular enough as a teacher

1041
00:59:24,080 --> 00:59:25,560
Speaker 1: that all of the kids at his school buy it

1042
00:59:25,600 --> 00:59:30,040
Speaker 1: and it does okay. Um. In three, at age twenty five,

1043
00:59:30,200 --> 00:59:34,120
Speaker 1: Bernar moves to New York City. At this point, yeah,

1044
00:59:34,160 --> 00:59:38,200
Speaker 1: oh my gosh, Yeah, he's doing a lot too much,

1045
00:59:38,280 --> 00:59:41,560
Speaker 1: some would say much, so he moves to the Big Apple,

1046
00:59:41,680 --> 00:59:44,520
Speaker 1: and his years of teaching pe and coaching people had

1047
00:59:44,520 --> 00:59:47,680
Speaker 1: convinced him that his brilliant health wisdom needed a bigger audience.

1048
00:59:47,720 --> 00:59:49,280
Speaker 1: It wasn't going to be enough to just work one

1049
00:59:49,320 --> 00:59:50,760
Speaker 1: on one or even just like teach a class of

1050
00:59:50,800 --> 00:59:52,880
Speaker 1: people at a time. He's got to reach the nation.

1051
00:59:53,040 --> 00:59:55,560
Speaker 1: You know. He decides, like, I've learned too much about

1052
00:59:55,600 --> 01:00:03,480
Speaker 1: starving myself and plagiarizing Jane Austen from American Heritage quote.

1053
01:00:03,960 --> 01:00:07,240
Speaker 1: Almost immediately after leasing an apartment in New York, McFadden

1054
01:00:07,280 --> 01:00:11,960
Speaker 1: presented a physical culture matinee and invited the press. Um.

1055
01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:15,080
Speaker 1: A local newspaper accepted and reported that the Professor, as

1056
01:00:15,160 --> 01:00:18,680
Speaker 1: McFadden was now calling himself, chatted imposed in an interesting

1057
01:00:18,720 --> 01:00:21,200
Speaker 1: way for over an hour. He's just like talking and

1058
01:00:21,280 --> 01:00:25,080
Speaker 1: like showing off his muscles. So he's just kind of

1059
01:00:25,080 --> 01:00:29,720
Speaker 1: doing like spoken word, but mostly just like flexing. Yeah,

1060
01:00:29,800 --> 01:00:33,520
Speaker 1: he's he's literally just like flexing and talking where he's

1061
01:00:34,000 --> 01:00:39,040
Speaker 1: checked these muscles out. Man who's not dying of goiters.

1062
01:00:40,880 --> 01:00:44,200
Speaker 1: Look at how unswollen his ankles are. And this had

1063
01:00:44,240 --> 01:00:47,640
Speaker 1: an audience. Yeah, it's very popular. A lot of a

1064
01:00:47,680 --> 01:00:50,080
Speaker 1: lot of journalist show up again, nothing is going on

1065
01:00:50,320 --> 01:00:53,000
Speaker 1: like there is. There is absolutely nothing happening in the

1066
01:00:53,000 --> 01:00:57,200
Speaker 1: world at this point, so they're just a fit man

1067
01:00:57,280 --> 01:01:04,680
Speaker 1: is talking in town sending or times. So McFadden's other

1068
01:01:04,720 --> 01:01:07,360
Speaker 1: passion was for his ideas. They had to do with

1069
01:01:07,400 --> 01:01:10,840
Speaker 1: the titanic benefits of exercise, the right foods and periodic fasts,

1070
01:01:10,840 --> 01:01:13,480
Speaker 1: and the extreme perils of among other things. Of course

1071
01:01:13,520 --> 01:01:18,280
Speaker 1: it's white bread, doctor's, vaccination, overeating, and prudery. So these

1072
01:01:18,320 --> 01:01:20,200
Speaker 1: are the things that he's flexing. He's talking about, Like,

1073
01:01:20,440 --> 01:01:23,440
Speaker 1: course it's are bad for you. True white bread is

1074
01:01:23,440 --> 01:01:27,520
Speaker 1: bad for you. Also true doctors are bad for you, honestly,

1075
01:01:27,560 --> 01:01:31,960
Speaker 1: and this time not wrong. Vaccinations are bad for you,

1076
01:01:32,160 --> 01:01:35,600
Speaker 1: not true, but understandable that it's wrong. Overeating is bad

1077
01:01:35,640 --> 01:01:38,800
Speaker 1: for you, accurate, and it's bad to be approved. And

1078
01:01:38,840 --> 01:01:41,040
Speaker 1: what he's meaning about this is that, like the human

1079
01:01:41,080 --> 01:01:45,080
Speaker 1: body is incredibly like verboten at this point, right, Like

1080
01:01:45,160 --> 01:01:48,280
Speaker 1: you don't like even in like health textbooks, it's it's

1081
01:01:48,320 --> 01:01:51,240
Speaker 1: considered kind of risque to show the naked human form.

1082
01:01:51,320 --> 01:01:54,040
Speaker 1: And he's like, no, people should look at naked human bodies,

1083
01:01:54,080 --> 01:01:55,800
Speaker 1: like if you want to see how you're supposed to

1084
01:01:55,840 --> 01:01:58,080
Speaker 1: exercise you should have like a guy who's mostly naked

1085
01:01:58,120 --> 01:01:59,720
Speaker 1: on their lifting stuff so you can see how it

1086
01:01:59,800 --> 01:02:03,160
Speaker 1: is he's moving and like, um, he's a big believer

1087
01:02:03,400 --> 01:02:08,000
Speaker 1: in the human in the nudity as like not being

1088
01:02:08,880 --> 01:02:13,080
Speaker 1: a sinful shameful thing. Yeah, which is also good, right,

1089
01:02:13,120 --> 01:02:16,840
Speaker 1: Like that's good. That's I love nudity. Yeah, big fan.

1090
01:02:17,560 --> 01:02:20,880
Speaker 1: So the physical culture of Matinee was probably McFadden's first

1091
01:02:20,920 --> 01:02:24,400
Speaker 1: step as a proper fitness influencer. Now that he wasn't

1092
01:02:24,400 --> 01:02:28,000
Speaker 1: teaching people how to exercise, he was giving populations sweeping

1093
01:02:28,040 --> 01:02:31,280
Speaker 1: healthcare advice based on his own ideas and opinions. And again,

1094
01:02:31,320 --> 01:02:33,760
Speaker 1: these are not all they're even mostly bad at this

1095
01:02:33,840 --> 01:02:36,800
Speaker 1: point of course, it's are they're not as bad like

1096
01:02:37,160 --> 01:02:38,760
Speaker 1: I think there's been a lot of like, oh, they

1097
01:02:38,760 --> 01:02:41,479
Speaker 1: were making people like constantly draw, like I know people

1098
01:02:41,480 --> 01:02:43,840
Speaker 1: who are like way into Courset's and there's plenty of

1099
01:02:43,840 --> 01:02:46,720
Speaker 1: ways to do where it's fine. Um, white bread though

1100
01:02:46,800 --> 01:02:49,480
Speaker 1: is like is trash, Like it's fine if you enjoy it,

1101
01:02:49,520 --> 01:02:51,640
Speaker 1: but it's not. There's not a lot of nutritional value

1102
01:02:51,680 --> 01:02:55,280
Speaker 1: and whitebread for you. Yeah, over eating is something you

1103
01:02:55,280 --> 01:02:58,440
Speaker 1: should avoid if possible, and obviously being apprud is not

1104
01:02:58,520 --> 01:03:02,680
Speaker 1: good for you. Um. Bernard's rejection of prudery was tied

1105
01:03:02,720 --> 01:03:04,880
Speaker 1: directly to his love of fitness. Again, he likes these

1106
01:03:04,960 --> 01:03:08,280
Speaker 1: naked He likes books that are showing people like yoga

1107
01:03:08,320 --> 01:03:10,520
Speaker 1: books and stuff that is yoga starting to be a

1108
01:03:10,520 --> 01:03:12,520
Speaker 1: big thing in this period of time, and he loves

1109
01:03:12,520 --> 01:03:15,080
Speaker 1: these yoga books of people who are like nearly naked. Um.

1110
01:03:15,080 --> 01:03:17,520
Speaker 1: And he thinks it's he thinks accurately that like, yeah,

1111
01:03:17,520 --> 01:03:19,680
Speaker 1: it's important. You gotta you can't have somebody wearing like

1112
01:03:19,760 --> 01:03:21,760
Speaker 1: six layers of dresses showing you how to do a

1113
01:03:21,840 --> 01:03:26,520
Speaker 1: yoga pose. You're not gonna know what it looks like. Um. Unfortunately,

1114
01:03:26,520 --> 01:03:29,400
Speaker 1: Bernard's lifelong hatred of vaccines and doctors, which by this

1115
01:03:29,440 --> 01:03:32,320
Speaker 1: point have gotten to be a lot less nightmarish in

1116
01:03:32,360 --> 01:03:35,680
Speaker 1: medieval um that is, also makes it into his advice.

1117
01:03:36,120 --> 01:03:39,240
Speaker 1: And again medical science isn't great at the time, but

1118
01:03:39,520 --> 01:03:42,600
Speaker 1: enraging against those things, he unknowingly set a pattern that's

1119
01:03:42,640 --> 01:03:44,880
Speaker 1: still going strong a hundred and thirty years later, because

1120
01:03:44,880 --> 01:03:48,040
Speaker 1: he's just like, fuck doctors, all you need is exercise,

1121
01:03:48,120 --> 01:03:50,200
Speaker 1: which is the same thing the people who have gotten

1122
01:03:50,360 --> 01:03:53,800
Speaker 1: made this pandemic so much worse. Also, believed right, you

1123
01:03:53,800 --> 01:03:56,000
Speaker 1: could draw at e lect lot a direct line from

1124
01:03:56,040 --> 01:03:59,800
Speaker 1: that to to mc fadden. Um. And again I don't

1125
01:03:59,800 --> 01:04:01,720
Speaker 1: know that he would have been the same guy had

1126
01:04:01,720 --> 01:04:04,880
Speaker 1: he been born a hundred and thirty years later, you know. Um,

1127
01:04:04,960 --> 01:04:09,640
Speaker 1: But yeah, I mean, who knows if his vaccination experience

1128
01:04:09,680 --> 01:04:14,320
Speaker 1: as a kid is I didn't get typhus as opposed

1129
01:04:14,360 --> 01:04:17,280
Speaker 1: to I nearly died for six straight months. He'd probably

1130
01:04:17,280 --> 01:04:19,880
Speaker 1: just be like an Abercrombie model where he's just like

1131
01:04:19,920 --> 01:04:23,520
Speaker 1: really jacked and loves going to the gym, like you know.

1132
01:04:23,640 --> 01:04:27,080
Speaker 1: And maybe he might still be plagiarizing Jane Austen. Who

1133
01:04:27,120 --> 01:04:29,800
Speaker 1: knows who doesn't plagiarize a little bit of Ji. I mean,

1134
01:04:29,840 --> 01:04:33,080
Speaker 1: my novel is just a plagiarism of Jane Austen and

1135
01:04:33,200 --> 01:04:37,400
Speaker 1: mine too, And yeah, everybody's there's only been one book written,

1136
01:04:37,680 --> 01:04:41,400
Speaker 1: and it's I don't remember any Jane Austen titles. Phill

1137
01:04:41,440 --> 01:04:44,120
Speaker 1: it in finished the joke for Pride and Prejudice. Pride

1138
01:04:44,120 --> 01:04:48,640
Speaker 1: and Prejudice. That's the only book, Pride and Prejudice. Um.

1139
01:04:48,720 --> 01:04:52,800
Speaker 1: So the Physical Culture Matinee was a success at drawing attention,

1140
01:04:53,000 --> 01:04:55,320
Speaker 1: but a failure at making money, and after two weeks

1141
01:04:55,360 --> 01:04:59,080
Speaker 1: of like waiting for all of this pr to turn

1142
01:04:59,120 --> 01:05:02,400
Speaker 1: into cash. Bernard is on the verge of bankruptcy, and

1143
01:05:02,440 --> 01:05:05,800
Speaker 1: at that point when he's desperate, a successful actor, like

1144
01:05:05,840 --> 01:05:08,440
Speaker 1: a stage actor who's huge in New York City, walks

1145
01:05:08,480 --> 01:05:10,760
Speaker 1: into the door of his office as a personal trainer

1146
01:05:10,960 --> 01:05:13,080
Speaker 1: and asks how much is it going to cost to

1147
01:05:13,120 --> 01:05:15,880
Speaker 1: get me in shape for a role? This is the

1148
01:05:15,880 --> 01:05:19,080
Speaker 1: first time this has ever happened, and Bernard thus invinced

1149
01:05:19,080 --> 01:05:21,040
Speaker 1: what I think is like his third career field at

1150
01:05:21,040 --> 01:05:24,880
Speaker 1: this point body Sculptor to the Stars. So this is

1151
01:05:24,880 --> 01:05:26,720
Speaker 1: the first time like a famous actor is like, I

1152
01:05:26,800 --> 01:05:29,560
Speaker 1: need to get jacked for a role. Can you help me?

1153
01:05:29,600 --> 01:05:32,320
Speaker 1: And he's like, yeah, absolutely. Um this is like I

1154
01:05:32,320 --> 01:05:34,240
Speaker 1: think he convinced this, Like this is like how all

1155
01:05:34,320 --> 01:05:37,880
Speaker 1: like Camaio nan Gianni just like got ridiculously stall. Like

1156
01:05:37,960 --> 01:05:40,160
Speaker 1: this is the start of that entire career field. Is

1157
01:05:40,160 --> 01:05:43,400
Speaker 1: Bernard being like, oh, ship, if I get this famous

1158
01:05:43,480 --> 01:05:47,120
Speaker 1: dude like ripped, that's gonna bring me be cast in

1159
01:05:47,200 --> 01:05:51,120
Speaker 1: the eternals. Yeah, you know he can be cast. Chris

1160
01:05:51,160 --> 01:05:53,760
Speaker 1: Pratt can go. I mean, I'm sorry to bring up

1161
01:05:53,840 --> 01:06:00,280
Speaker 1: Chris Pratt that ship, but like, yeah, this is a thing. It. Yeah,

1162
01:06:00,360 --> 01:06:03,919
Speaker 1: Chris Pratt wouldn't be nothing without Bernard McFadden, nothing less

1163
01:06:03,920 --> 01:06:06,600
Speaker 1: than ship beneath our feet. Do you think he would

1164
01:06:06,640 --> 01:06:10,120
Speaker 1: be Mr. Guardian of the Galaxy. No, No, we'd spit

1165
01:06:10,200 --> 01:06:14,920
Speaker 1: on him like we did sit on him anyway, because

1166
01:06:14,920 --> 01:06:21,280
Speaker 1: he's a fucking loser. Um, he's very rich and successful

1167
01:06:21,280 --> 01:06:24,760
Speaker 1: asshole unfortunately, but anyway, whatever, most of them are. So

1168
01:06:25,440 --> 01:06:28,840
Speaker 1: Bernard McFadden becomes a body sculptor to the stars and

1169
01:06:28,960 --> 01:06:32,320
Speaker 1: he gets suddenly just a flood of customers. Right. It

1170
01:06:32,600 --> 01:06:34,560
Speaker 1: always has worked that if you can show like, hey,

1171
01:06:34,600 --> 01:06:37,479
Speaker 1: this famous person is jacked by doing this one simple trick,

1172
01:06:37,720 --> 01:06:39,120
Speaker 1: a bunch of people will be like, well I could

1173
01:06:39,120 --> 01:06:41,480
Speaker 1: be famous too if I just got jacked, maybe that

1174
01:06:41,480 --> 01:06:44,360
Speaker 1: will make me famous. You know. Um, the human brain

1175
01:06:44,400 --> 01:06:47,000
Speaker 1: isn't a magical thing. So in short order, Bernard has

1176
01:06:47,040 --> 01:06:48,760
Speaker 1: more business than he knows what to do with, and

1177
01:06:48,760 --> 01:06:51,680
Speaker 1: he becomes a minor celebrity himself, getting the city's top

1178
01:06:51,720 --> 01:06:54,360
Speaker 1: celebrity photographer to agree to do a photo shoot of

1179
01:06:54,400 --> 01:06:57,760
Speaker 1: his body. Now, this famous photographer is going to come

1180
01:06:57,760 --> 01:07:01,240
Speaker 1: by and take like shirtless pictures of Bernard posing, and

1181
01:07:01,440 --> 01:07:03,680
Speaker 1: he wants to look his best so what does he do.

1182
01:07:04,080 --> 01:07:06,480
Speaker 1: He starves himself for a week before the session so

1183
01:07:06,520 --> 01:07:08,880
Speaker 1: that his abs will look more defined. I think this

1184
01:07:09,000 --> 01:07:11,600
Speaker 1: is the first time anyone does that. Every ab scene

1185
01:07:11,640 --> 01:07:13,720
Speaker 1: you've ever seen, like if you you can actually read

1186
01:07:13,760 --> 01:07:16,520
Speaker 1: about this, anytime you've seen an actor you like who's

1187
01:07:16,600 --> 01:07:19,000
Speaker 1: like super shredded in a movie where their abs are

1188
01:07:19,280 --> 01:07:21,760
Speaker 1: they don't drink any water for like a day before

1189
01:07:21,800 --> 01:07:24,160
Speaker 1: that scene because it makes their abs show out more

1190
01:07:24,960 --> 01:07:28,840
Speaker 1: really unhealthy, really bad for you. I think he invinced this.

1191
01:07:28,920 --> 01:07:30,080
Speaker 1: I think he's the first person to be like, oh,

1192
01:07:30,120 --> 01:07:32,080
Speaker 1: I'm gonna get like a shirtless photo taken, I'd better

1193
01:07:32,120 --> 01:07:35,000
Speaker 1: starve myself and deny myself water so that my muscles

1194
01:07:35,000 --> 01:07:39,720
Speaker 1: look more defined. Like I think he invinced this. Yeah again, this,

1195
01:07:39,720 --> 01:07:43,120
Speaker 1: this guy invinced so much shit. It's really kind of amazing.

1196
01:07:43,640 --> 01:07:46,200
Speaker 1: Um and also you know, terrible because it's it's really

1197
01:07:46,320 --> 01:07:48,480
Speaker 1: it's not only is it bad for the actors who

1198
01:07:48,520 --> 01:07:50,080
Speaker 1: do this. You talk about like Hugh Jackman I think

1199
01:07:50,120 --> 01:07:52,440
Speaker 1: has talked a decent amount about like, yeah, it's fucking

1200
01:07:52,480 --> 01:07:56,360
Speaker 1: miserable being like famous for being super jacked because you

1201
01:07:56,400 --> 01:07:58,760
Speaker 1: have to stay super jacked, which is like horrible, like

1202
01:07:58,800 --> 01:08:01,320
Speaker 1: it's not. Efron has spoken about this too on his

1203
01:08:01,360 --> 01:08:03,200
Speaker 1: Netflix show where he's like, and I didn't eat a

1204
01:08:03,200 --> 01:08:06,120
Speaker 1: car for six years, and then he goes to Italy

1205
01:08:06,160 --> 01:08:10,120
Speaker 1: and yeah, bad. It's one of those things too. It's

1206
01:08:10,120 --> 01:08:13,560
Speaker 1: also you're not actually nearly as strong as as you

1207
01:08:13,640 --> 01:08:15,720
Speaker 1: look when you are like that. If you look at

1208
01:08:15,760 --> 01:08:19,360
Speaker 1: actual strong, like people who are like who compete to

1209
01:08:19,680 --> 01:08:22,800
Speaker 1: lift the most weight, like actual practical strength, not like

1210
01:08:23,240 --> 01:08:25,639
Speaker 1: compete to look like a strong, compete to like who

1211
01:08:25,640 --> 01:08:28,200
Speaker 1: can lift eight hundred pounds over their head, they all

1212
01:08:28,240 --> 01:08:31,600
Speaker 1: have huge middle sections and bellies because that's like necessary

1213
01:08:31,720 --> 01:08:35,240
Speaker 1: to being physically. Look at a longshoreman, right, Like those

1214
01:08:35,280 --> 01:08:37,960
Speaker 1: guys would beat the ship out of your average underwear model.

1215
01:08:38,280 --> 01:08:41,400
Speaker 1: And it's because like they're they have functional anyway, it's

1216
01:08:41,479 --> 01:08:45,360
Speaker 1: bad to starve yourself. It's not not good for you physically,

1217
01:08:45,360 --> 01:08:47,800
Speaker 1: it's not good for you, not it's morally bad. Again,

1218
01:08:47,960 --> 01:08:49,840
Speaker 1: we've all struggled. A lot of us have struggled with

1219
01:08:50,040 --> 01:08:53,040
Speaker 1: eating disorders. I have, but like, it's not good for you,

1220
01:08:53,360 --> 01:08:57,439
Speaker 1: And Bernard really gets that started, like really is the

1221
01:08:57,479 --> 01:08:59,840
Speaker 1: origin point for that in our culture, this idea of

1222
01:09:00,160 --> 01:09:03,880
Speaker 1: starvation and like particularly starvation to make yourself look better

1223
01:09:03,960 --> 01:09:06,479
Speaker 1: for like a photo shoot, which then passes on to

1224
01:09:06,560 --> 01:09:09,080
Speaker 1: like all these people having unreasonable expectations for like well

1225
01:09:09,080 --> 01:09:10,680
Speaker 1: my body should look like that all the time, and

1226
01:09:10,720 --> 01:09:12,479
Speaker 1: it's like, well, their body doesn't look like that all

1227
01:09:12,520 --> 01:09:16,599
Speaker 1: the time. They didn't drink water for a day. He's

1228
01:09:17,120 --> 01:09:19,439
Speaker 1: going for this, He's like passing this information along, like

1229
01:09:19,520 --> 01:09:22,240
Speaker 1: here's a little tip and a trick. If you deny

1230
01:09:22,360 --> 01:09:27,720
Speaker 1: yourself food and water, you'll look great hot. Yeah you

1231
01:09:27,800 --> 01:09:29,360
Speaker 1: have you think of this as like a viry, Like

1232
01:09:29,400 --> 01:09:34,160
Speaker 1: he shoots this into the body politic and it's never left. Um,

1233
01:09:34,200 --> 01:09:37,120
Speaker 1: it's great. For the next few years, burn Our works

1234
01:09:37,120 --> 01:09:39,759
Speaker 1: as a teacher, a personal trainer, a model, and a writer,

1235
01:09:40,080 --> 01:09:43,480
Speaker 1: finally selling articles on fitness and health to numerous publications.

1236
01:09:43,640 --> 01:09:47,880
Speaker 1: But the whole time, Bernard's number one product was Bernard McFadden. Right. Again,

1237
01:09:47,920 --> 01:09:51,920
Speaker 1: this is very much like influencers today. Next, he decided

1238
01:09:51,960 --> 01:09:54,839
Speaker 1: to bring you for the good in the service product

1239
01:09:54,920 --> 01:09:59,320
Speaker 1: and the product in this trash. Next, he decides to

1240
01:09:59,320 --> 01:10:01,559
Speaker 1: bring the benefit of his teaching to people in their

1241
01:10:01,560 --> 01:10:05,120
Speaker 1: homes by creating an exercise machine anyone could use. So

1242
01:10:05,200 --> 01:10:08,120
Speaker 1: he's the first if this influencer to make an exercise

1243
01:10:08,200 --> 01:10:10,960
Speaker 1: machine and sell it through the infomercials of today. Dude,

1244
01:10:11,800 --> 01:10:16,280
Speaker 1: this guy you have to respect how groundbreaking he is.

1245
01:10:16,360 --> 01:10:19,200
Speaker 1: Like every month of his twenties, he's inventing a thing

1246
01:10:19,240 --> 01:10:22,880
Speaker 1: that exists forever now and he hasn't killed that baby yet.

1247
01:10:23,080 --> 01:10:28,960
Speaker 1: He has not yet killed that I mean, right, so

1248
01:10:28,960 --> 01:10:32,920
Speaker 1: so far, I mean I admire his Uh, there's a

1249
01:10:33,000 --> 01:10:37,280
Speaker 1: respect you have to have for anyone who is this influential. Right,

1250
01:10:37,520 --> 01:10:39,800
Speaker 1: doesn't mean they're good, because a lot of the things

1251
01:10:39,800 --> 01:10:42,559
Speaker 1: he's invented, even at this early stage, are bad things.

1252
01:10:42,840 --> 01:10:45,840
Speaker 1: But it is like, well, god damn, Like, I mean,

1253
01:10:46,040 --> 01:10:48,719
Speaker 1: his productivity, And I know we shouldn't like measure someone's

1254
01:10:48,800 --> 01:10:52,080
Speaker 1: value or anything like that based on productivity, but it's

1255
01:10:52,080 --> 01:10:53,600
Speaker 1: one of those things I still kind of hang on

1256
01:10:53,640 --> 01:10:56,120
Speaker 1: to where I'm like, I've done nothing today and this

1257
01:10:56,200 --> 01:11:00,799
Speaker 1: guy and he's twenty five and he's inventing. He's created

1258
01:11:00,840 --> 01:11:05,080
Speaker 1: like four different poisons that still exist in our society.

1259
01:11:06,240 --> 01:11:08,920
Speaker 1: He started singing the song that might in the world,

1260
01:11:09,880 --> 01:11:14,160
Speaker 1: you know. So he invinced this exercise machine, and he

1261
01:11:14,200 --> 01:11:17,839
Speaker 1: describes it as quote, a combination of rubber chords running

1262
01:11:17,840 --> 01:11:21,360
Speaker 1: over pulleys um and it was such a failure in

1263
01:11:21,400 --> 01:11:24,160
Speaker 1: the US that the company making it goes bankrupt. But

1264
01:11:24,200 --> 01:11:27,400
Speaker 1: Bernard doesn't take this lying down. Instead, he takes the

1265
01:11:27,880 --> 01:11:30,479
Speaker 1: machines that have been built and he travels to England

1266
01:11:30,720 --> 01:11:33,120
Speaker 1: and he holds a series of stage shows where he

1267
01:11:33,160 --> 01:11:36,320
Speaker 1: shows up on stage in a loincloth lit from below

1268
01:11:36,360 --> 01:11:38,960
Speaker 1: on a background of black velvet, and he poses with

1269
01:11:39,000 --> 01:11:41,880
Speaker 1: his machine, lecturing on its benefits while showing off his

1270
01:11:41,920 --> 01:11:45,320
Speaker 1: shredded abs and biceps. He is hosting the first infomercials

1271
01:11:45,439 --> 01:11:48,240
Speaker 1: which he does in England. Yeah, because he's like trying

1272
01:11:48,240 --> 01:11:50,120
Speaker 1: to advertise it, I think to the paper in the US.

1273
01:11:50,200 --> 01:11:54,120
Speaker 1: Doesn't really work. Next from the book, Mr America, perhaps

1274
01:11:54,120 --> 01:11:57,200
Speaker 1: inspired by the life changing pamphlet of dumbbell exercises he

1275
01:11:57,320 --> 01:12:00,320
Speaker 1: received on his first visit to the Missouri Gymnasy him,

1276
01:12:00,360 --> 01:12:02,920
Speaker 1: he published a four page brochure describing how to use

1277
01:12:02,920 --> 01:12:06,960
Speaker 1: the McFadden exerciser. When British audience has devoured this fitness wisdom,

1278
01:12:07,000 --> 01:12:09,840
Speaker 1: the frustrated writer began adding his rejected health articles to

1279
01:12:09,880 --> 01:12:13,280
Speaker 1: the publication's contents. What started as an instruction manual was

1280
01:12:13,360 --> 01:12:17,600
Speaker 1: soon transformed into a miniature physical culture periodical inside was

1281
01:12:17,640 --> 01:12:20,040
Speaker 1: an address to which interested parties could send money to

1282
01:12:20,040 --> 01:12:24,400
Speaker 1: receive future editions. Orders flooded in. McFadden quickly arranged to

1283
01:12:24,439 --> 01:12:27,960
Speaker 1: publish the pamphlets regularly out of London as McFadden's magazine.

1284
01:12:28,760 --> 01:12:31,639
Speaker 1: So he starts the first fitness magazine. This is really

1285
01:12:31,640 --> 01:12:35,240
Speaker 1: the first one that exists. And this leads McFadden's magazine

1286
01:12:35,240 --> 01:12:39,000
Speaker 1: in England, leads quickly in eight like he returns home

1287
01:12:39,200 --> 01:12:42,080
Speaker 1: um and in eight while he's back in the u S.

1288
01:12:42,439 --> 01:12:45,160
Speaker 1: Bernard McFadden creates a new magazine and this is going

1289
01:12:45,200 --> 01:12:49,160
Speaker 1: to be his first like dedicated full time publication. Uh.

1290
01:12:49,160 --> 01:12:51,759
Speaker 1: And it is the first dedicated health magazine in history.

1291
01:12:51,960 --> 01:12:55,760
Speaker 1: He calls it physical culture. His wife would later say

1292
01:12:55,840 --> 01:12:58,160
Speaker 1: that most of his articles and the dozens of books

1293
01:12:58,160 --> 01:13:00,920
Speaker 1: he started writing from this point forward were the result

1294
01:13:01,000 --> 01:13:04,240
Speaker 1: of him encountering a physical malady, getting through it, and

1295
01:13:04,280 --> 01:13:07,639
Speaker 1: deciding that he had arrived at a medical breakthrough. Since

1296
01:13:07,640 --> 01:13:10,679
Speaker 1: his default treatment for almost everything was to starve himself

1297
01:13:10,760 --> 01:13:13,800
Speaker 1: or to exercise, most of his recommendations were based around

1298
01:13:13,880 --> 01:13:17,639
Speaker 1: starving yourself or exercising. He quickly developed a fan base

1299
01:13:17,960 --> 01:13:21,000
Speaker 1: from the Wall Street Journal quote. He attracted a following

1300
01:13:21,000 --> 01:13:24,240
Speaker 1: of serious people that included, among others, Upton Sinclair, the

1301
01:13:24,240 --> 01:13:27,479
Speaker 1: guy who wrote The Jungle, who contributed articles to Physical Culture.

1302
01:13:27,760 --> 01:13:31,320
Speaker 1: Proto feminists such as Charlotte Perkins and Margaret Sanger also

1303
01:13:31,320 --> 01:13:34,920
Speaker 1: wrote for McFadden. From the beginning, Physical Culture was rooted

1304
01:13:34,960 --> 01:13:38,559
Speaker 1: firmly in the imperialist dogma and white supremacy at the time,

1305
01:13:38,920 --> 01:13:41,320
Speaker 1: but not in a Nazi way. Um, in like the

1306
01:13:41,360 --> 01:13:46,439
Speaker 1: noble savage cultural appropriation way. Right. Um, I'm just like

1307
01:13:46,520 --> 01:13:49,960
Speaker 1: they're different. So I'm making that clear. From an article

1308
01:13:50,000 --> 01:13:53,960
Speaker 1: by Katherine Kaiser of James Madison University, quote, Physical Culture

1309
01:13:54,000 --> 01:13:57,960
Speaker 1: played into an ideal of frontier masculinity that may explain

1310
01:13:58,000 --> 01:14:01,320
Speaker 1: its strong circulation numbers in the West. The magazine contains

1311
01:14:01,360 --> 01:14:04,360
Speaker 1: some expressly regional content. In an early issue, a reader

1312
01:14:04,360 --> 01:14:08,040
Speaker 1: inquires about a Physical Culture settlement in New Mexico. Physical

1313
01:14:08,120 --> 01:14:11,839
Speaker 1: Culture also plumbed us mythologies associated with the West, praising

1314
01:14:11,880 --> 01:14:16,479
Speaker 1: indigenous diets and midwifery with imperialist nostalgia. McFadden published fiction

1315
01:14:16,560 --> 01:14:21,400
Speaker 1: by Jack London reinforcing that fantasy of white masculinity, Northwestern exploration,

1316
01:14:21,520 --> 01:14:24,800
Speaker 1: and the raw elements. The magazine was considered scandalous for

1317
01:14:24,840 --> 01:14:27,599
Speaker 1: its pictures of scantily clad bodies, which may explain its

1318
01:14:27,640 --> 01:14:31,200
Speaker 1: limited circulation along the Bible Belt physical cultures. Versions of

1319
01:14:31,280 --> 01:14:35,759
Speaker 1: muscular manhood and fearless femininity promuligated frank sexuality and clean

1320
01:14:35,800 --> 01:14:39,600
Speaker 1: eating still hallmarks of California culture. So he kind of

1321
01:14:39,640 --> 01:14:44,679
Speaker 1: invents California in a lot of ways, like he really,

1322
01:14:44,720 --> 01:14:47,000
Speaker 1: he really does. Like that's like this whole mix of

1323
01:14:47,040 --> 01:14:52,360
Speaker 1: like um often a historical idolization of indigenous diets based

1324
01:14:52,360 --> 01:14:55,120
Speaker 1: on stuff white people wrote as opposed to actual history

1325
01:14:55,360 --> 01:14:59,160
Speaker 1: mixed with like the benefits of exercise and fasting. Like

1326
01:14:59,439 --> 01:15:03,880
Speaker 1: he invent California suddenly, certainly Southern California scantily clad sexy

1327
01:15:03,880 --> 01:15:09,520
Speaker 1: and santalis sexy people. Yes, he's just created Southern California.

1328
01:15:10,439 --> 01:15:13,840
Speaker 1: From the beginning physical culture, the magazine was influential from

1329
01:15:13,840 --> 01:15:15,880
Speaker 1: more than just its health advice. Was also one of

1330
01:15:15,920 --> 01:15:20,040
Speaker 1: the first mainstream publications where Americans could see scantily clad

1331
01:15:20,160 --> 01:15:24,480
Speaker 1: or even naked human bodies. At the time, Anthony Comstock

1332
01:15:24,600 --> 01:15:27,160
Speaker 1: was a U. S. Postal inspector and the secretary of

1333
01:15:27,200 --> 01:15:30,080
Speaker 1: the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. His

1334
01:15:30,240 --> 01:15:32,800
Speaker 1: job was basically to make sure that stuffy victorians in

1335
01:15:32,800 --> 01:15:36,000
Speaker 1: the Big Apple encountered nothing that might harm their sensibilities.

1336
01:15:36,280 --> 01:15:38,599
Speaker 1: When someone pointed out that there was a hugely popular

1337
01:15:38,640 --> 01:15:41,200
Speaker 1: magazine with photographs and drawings of topless women in it,

1338
01:15:41,400 --> 01:15:44,599
Speaker 1: he lost his fucking mind. From History and net quote.

1339
01:15:45,040 --> 01:15:48,120
Speaker 1: In nineteen he rented Madison Square Garden for a monster

1340
01:15:48,160 --> 01:15:52,000
Speaker 1: physical culture exhibition, advertised with posters of muscular men and

1341
01:15:52,000 --> 01:15:55,320
Speaker 1: women minimally dressed. Anthony Comstock, head of the Society for

1342
01:15:55,360 --> 01:15:58,559
Speaker 1: the Suppression of Vice, seized the posters and arrested McFadden

1343
01:15:58,600 --> 01:16:01,839
Speaker 1: for obscenity. The court evicted him without penalty. The Hoopla

1344
01:16:02,000 --> 01:16:05,960
Speaker 1: drew twenty customers, so again, being censored is great for

1345
01:16:06,040 --> 01:16:09,960
Speaker 1: his business. Police again arrested McFadden in n seven when

1346
01:16:09,960 --> 01:16:12,960
Speaker 1: a New Jersey postmaster charged that a physical culture article

1347
01:16:13,000 --> 01:16:17,040
Speaker 1: about venereal disease was obscene. The jury convicted McFadden. The

1348
01:16:17,120 --> 01:16:19,799
Speaker 1: judge sentenced him to two years in prison. He filed

1349
01:16:19,800 --> 01:16:23,680
Speaker 1: an appeal, meanwhile traveling the country denouncing prudes and censors,

1350
01:16:23,680 --> 01:16:27,200
Speaker 1: but the appeals court upheld his conviction. Facing prison, McFadden

1351
01:16:27,320 --> 01:16:30,799
Speaker 1: urged fans to write to President William Howard Taft delused

1352
01:16:30,840 --> 01:16:34,840
Speaker 1: with letters taft, America's fattest president, pardoned the muscle bound

1353
01:16:34,920 --> 01:16:40,479
Speaker 1: media king. And it's again this mix of things that

1354
01:16:40,520 --> 01:16:42,120
Speaker 1: are bad and things that are good that he's doing.

1355
01:16:42,200 --> 01:16:45,479
Speaker 1: The obscene vinereal disease articles that he gets censored for,

1356
01:16:45,760 --> 01:16:48,040
Speaker 1: is him like talking very frankly about this is what

1357
01:16:48,080 --> 01:16:50,759
Speaker 1: gnarrhea looks like and what it does and how it spread,

1358
01:16:51,040 --> 01:16:52,800
Speaker 1: what syphilis looks like and what it does and how

1359
01:16:52,800 --> 01:16:56,160
Speaker 1: it's spread. Like it's he's actually doing a necessary public

1360
01:16:56,200 --> 01:17:03,400
Speaker 1: service that he gets censored for. Okay, yeah, yeah, it's cool. Now,

1361
01:17:04,000 --> 01:17:07,160
Speaker 1: while all this is going on, McFadden is fighting the government,

1362
01:17:07,560 --> 01:17:09,360
Speaker 1: you know, while my fadden is fighting the government for

1363
01:17:09,439 --> 01:17:11,520
Speaker 1: his right to like show tits and talk about syphilis,

1364
01:17:11,560 --> 01:17:14,160
Speaker 1: he's also operating a cult compound in New Jersey. So

1365
01:17:14,200 --> 01:17:16,360
Speaker 1: he starts a cult compound. Yeah, in the early nine

1366
01:17:18,960 --> 01:17:21,559
Speaker 1: why not, like I will one day do, but not

1367
01:17:21,640 --> 01:17:24,280
Speaker 1: on the East coast because that sounds hard talked about.

1368
01:17:24,920 --> 01:17:27,720
Speaker 1: We talked about this, and as cult compounds go, his

1369
01:17:27,800 --> 01:17:29,960
Speaker 1: was pretty milk toast. No one died or as far

1370
01:17:29,960 --> 01:17:32,040
Speaker 1: as I can tell, got like raped or anything. Like,

1371
01:17:32,080 --> 01:17:34,880
Speaker 1: I don't, I don't like. It's kind of a cult,

1372
01:17:35,400 --> 01:17:39,840
Speaker 1: but it's not really. Yeah, it's definitely like a diet version.

1373
01:17:39,840 --> 01:17:44,120
Speaker 1: I don't think, oh god, yeah, I know it is

1374
01:17:44,120 --> 01:17:47,599
Speaker 1: a diet cult. Yeah. Um. But I have to say

1375
01:17:47,680 --> 01:17:50,280
Speaker 1: it goes down in history as having the dumbest name

1376
01:17:50,360 --> 01:17:58,000
Speaker 1: in could compound history. Are no physical culture city? What

1377
01:17:59,479 --> 01:18:06,680
Speaker 1: cosson physical culture city. It's very funny. It's like if

1378
01:18:06,680 --> 01:18:10,160
Speaker 1: I called my could compound behind the bastards town, Like

1379
01:18:10,520 --> 01:18:14,000
Speaker 1: it's just kind of lame, Like come on, what you're

1380
01:18:14,080 --> 01:18:18,840
Speaker 1: going to call it? Mosopolis? Like Jesus Christ. To understand

1381
01:18:18,880 --> 01:18:21,080
Speaker 1: his efforts here, we should go back and talk about

1382
01:18:21,120 --> 01:18:24,720
Speaker 1: the cold compound that inspired Bernard's cult compound, the much

1383
01:18:24,760 --> 01:18:28,360
Speaker 1: better named Zion City. That's a fucking compound name. That's

1384
01:18:28,360 --> 01:18:31,280
Speaker 1: what you call your cold compound, right, Zion City, solid

1385
01:18:31,360 --> 01:18:35,479
Speaker 1: could compound name. Zion City had been founded at the

1386
01:18:35,479 --> 01:18:38,120
Speaker 1: turn of the century by a guy named John Alexander

1387
01:18:38,240 --> 01:18:41,240
Speaker 1: Dowie uh Dowie or Dowie whatever. Was a preacher who

1388
01:18:41,320 --> 01:18:44,120
Speaker 1: brought five thousand followers out of Chicago and created a

1389
01:18:44,160 --> 01:18:48,120
Speaker 1: small city where people could live a godly life. In

1390
01:18:48,200 --> 01:18:52,880
Speaker 1: Dowie's estimation, godly meant no drinking, smoking, pork, doctors, or vaccines.

1391
01:18:53,080 --> 01:18:55,280
Speaker 1: So you can see why Bernard McFadden loved this ship.

1392
01:18:56,040 --> 01:18:59,200
Speaker 1: In nineteen o three, Bernard declared Dowie the greatest leader

1393
01:18:59,200 --> 01:19:02,759
Speaker 1: and most remarkable reformer of the last hundred years. Shortly thereafter,

1394
01:19:02,960 --> 01:19:05,320
Speaker 1: Dowie was kicked out of his church for stealing from it.

1395
01:19:05,640 --> 01:19:08,360
Speaker 1: But Bernard Meermain deeply committed to his vision, and in

1396
01:19:08,439 --> 01:19:10,840
Speaker 1: nineteen o four he started writing columns in which he

1397
01:19:10,880 --> 01:19:14,120
Speaker 1: discussed his desire to buy land and create a city.

1398
01:19:14,200 --> 01:19:17,400
Speaker 1: Soon after, he bought eighteen hundred acres in northern New Jersey.

1399
01:19:17,640 --> 01:19:20,120
Speaker 1: He called it Physical Culture City, and it was large

1400
01:19:20,240 --> 01:19:22,400
Speaker 1: enough to be subdivided into many lots. This idea was

1401
01:19:22,439 --> 01:19:25,000
Speaker 1: that people would buy lots in Physical Culture City and

1402
01:19:25,000 --> 01:19:27,960
Speaker 1: build an actual industrial city. He wants this to have

1403
01:19:28,000 --> 01:19:32,040
Speaker 1: like factories and ship um. And it's located well, it's

1404
01:19:32,080 --> 01:19:34,479
Speaker 1: next to a railroad road crossing, so like it is

1405
01:19:34,520 --> 01:19:36,639
Speaker 1: possible to get stuff in and out of there. Um.

1406
01:19:36,640 --> 01:19:39,000
Speaker 1: It's got its own seventy acre water feature, which he

1407
01:19:39,040 --> 01:19:41,960
Speaker 1: calls Lake Margaret, which is named after his second wife.

1408
01:19:41,960 --> 01:19:44,840
Speaker 1: He's gotten married and divorced once already. He does this

1409
01:19:45,000 --> 01:19:48,160
Speaker 1: lot um. This happens to him a few times, so

1410
01:19:49,000 --> 01:19:51,519
Speaker 1: his employees noted that when it came to the women

1411
01:19:51,560 --> 01:19:55,400
Speaker 1: he married, he preferred Amazon's large breasted women with large

1412
01:19:55,479 --> 01:19:59,360
Speaker 1: child bearing hips. Um. When he married Marguerite, he immediately

1413
01:19:59,360 --> 01:20:02,120
Speaker 1: started having her write articles about raising children to a

1414
01:20:02,120 --> 01:20:05,000
Speaker 1: new magazine that he started for her articles called Beauty

1415
01:20:05,040 --> 01:20:09,200
Speaker 1: and Health. Now neither of them had kids at this point. Um. Yeah,

1416
01:20:09,240 --> 01:20:12,360
Speaker 1: but they're writing articles about how to raise them. Um.

1417
01:20:12,400 --> 01:20:15,679
Speaker 1: Immediately after their wedding, and again, this is his second marriage,

1418
01:20:15,680 --> 01:20:17,960
Speaker 1: Bernard writes a book, which is his tenth book in

1419
01:20:17,960 --> 01:20:19,840
Speaker 1: the last five years. He's just writing books all the

1420
01:20:19,880 --> 01:20:22,760
Speaker 1: goddamn time now, and it sounds like he's pivoted from

1421
01:20:22,840 --> 01:20:29,480
Speaker 1: plagiarizing Jane Austen to mostly just like fitness self help. Yeah.

1422
01:20:29,560 --> 01:20:33,639
Speaker 1: And the book he writes is marriage a Lifelong Honeymoon. Um.

1423
01:20:33,720 --> 01:20:36,320
Speaker 1: And in it again he's failed at his first marriage,

1424
01:20:36,479 --> 01:20:38,479
Speaker 1: but and he just started his second. But he's like,

1425
01:20:38,520 --> 01:20:41,320
Speaker 1: I got this ship figured out now, I know exactly

1426
01:20:41,320 --> 01:20:44,600
Speaker 1: what I'm talking about, he thinks. And his conclusion is

1427
01:20:44,640 --> 01:20:47,519
Speaker 1: that all divorces are caused by people not exercising enough.

1428
01:20:51,360 --> 01:20:54,840
Speaker 1: It's very funny. Oh wow, he's he is funny. He's

1429
01:20:54,880 --> 01:20:58,560
Speaker 1: quite a guy. In nineteen o five, Bernar and Marguerite

1430
01:20:58,640 --> 01:21:01,360
Speaker 1: had a baby, a daughter, and immediately moved to a

1431
01:21:01,400 --> 01:21:04,639
Speaker 1: house that they built in Physical Culture City. The city's

1432
01:21:04,720 --> 01:21:08,000
Speaker 1: opening was announced in Bernard's magazine to great fanfare. He

1433
01:21:08,080 --> 01:21:11,160
Speaker 1: bragged it would be quote a community with no sickly prudes,

1434
01:21:11,280 --> 01:21:14,400
Speaker 1: no saloons, drug stores, tobacco shops, or places in which

1435
01:21:14,479 --> 01:21:17,040
Speaker 1: one may purchase things that make for the moral undoing

1436
01:21:17,080 --> 01:21:21,000
Speaker 1: of man or woman. Speaking of moral undoings, Bernard almost

1437
01:21:21,000 --> 01:21:23,680
Speaker 1: immediately fell in love with his secretary Susie, and he

1438
01:21:23,760 --> 01:21:25,519
Speaker 1: set a house up with her in the house he

1439
01:21:25,560 --> 01:21:29,439
Speaker 1: lived with with his wife. Um. And yeah, he set

1440
01:21:29,520 --> 01:21:31,639
Speaker 1: up a house in the same He moved her into

1441
01:21:31,680 --> 01:21:36,240
Speaker 1: the house with his wife. Yeah, okay, So his wife leaves,

1442
01:21:36,320 --> 01:21:38,600
Speaker 1: she goes to Canada. He never sees her again. She

1443
01:21:38,720 --> 01:21:41,680
Speaker 1: takes her their daughter with him and her, and he

1444
01:21:41,720 --> 01:21:44,720
Speaker 1: never sees his daughter again either. I think, Um, he's

1445
01:21:44,760 --> 01:21:47,479
Speaker 1: fine with this because he's got Susie now. Uh. Susie's

1446
01:21:47,520 --> 01:21:49,479
Speaker 1: mom moves in to help keep up the house, to

1447
01:21:49,560 --> 01:21:52,400
Speaker 1: keep it clean, and Susie gets pregnant with Bernard's second child.

1448
01:21:52,439 --> 01:21:57,600
Speaker 1: In nineteen o six, Physical Culture City operated again another innovation,

1449
01:21:57,840 --> 01:22:02,160
Speaker 1: as an internship scan. He advertise degrees and Physical Culture

1450
01:22:02,200 --> 01:22:04,160
Speaker 1: to people who would come and cut down trees and

1451
01:22:04,200 --> 01:22:07,439
Speaker 1: plant crops for free. Um he would like build streets

1452
01:22:07,439 --> 01:22:10,520
Speaker 1: and stuff. He builds this as a work study program,

1453
01:22:10,560 --> 01:22:12,920
Speaker 1: but he makes it impossible to graduate, so they stay

1454
01:22:12,920 --> 01:22:16,680
Speaker 1: as indentured laborers the whole side. Holy sure, I know

1455
01:22:17,280 --> 01:22:23,800
Speaker 1: what a fucking groundbreaking thinker. I can't believe. I did

1456
01:22:23,800 --> 01:22:27,400
Speaker 1: not expect for that to take that turn. He's amazing.

1457
01:22:30,160 --> 01:22:33,600
Speaker 1: Most people who resided in Physical Culture City were interns.

1458
01:22:33,920 --> 01:22:36,120
Speaker 1: The rest were a handful of wealthy cranks who wanted

1459
01:22:36,160 --> 01:22:39,200
Speaker 1: to spend all their time nude or experiment with weird diets.

1460
01:22:39,200 --> 01:22:42,080
Speaker 1: That were a lot of raw food fanatics who like

1461
01:22:42,280 --> 01:22:45,439
Speaker 1: live in Physical Culture City. The whole project fell apart,

1462
01:22:45,520 --> 01:22:49,480
Speaker 1: of course, it never eclipsed two people in population. Bernard's

1463
01:22:49,520 --> 01:22:52,360
Speaker 1: arrest for transporting of scene material through the mail actually

1464
01:22:52,360 --> 01:22:55,280
Speaker 1: happened because the postmaster that he bribed to handle the

1465
01:22:55,320 --> 01:22:57,680
Speaker 1: city's mail got angry when Bernard then tried to cut

1466
01:22:57,760 --> 01:23:00,439
Speaker 1: him out of the business, and this postmaster warts into

1467
01:23:00,439 --> 01:23:04,040
Speaker 1: the FEDS. A lot of formerly dedicated members abandoned the

1468
01:23:04,040 --> 01:23:06,920
Speaker 1: project when Bernar abandoned his wife, and they're like, oh,

1469
01:23:06,960 --> 01:23:10,000
Speaker 1: maybe this guy isn't doesn't know all. He wrote a

1470
01:23:10,000 --> 01:23:12,920
Speaker 1: book on how marriage is a long lasting honeymoon, and

1471
01:23:12,920 --> 01:23:16,599
Speaker 1: then he abandons his wife. I can't trust him. Maybe

1472
01:23:16,600 --> 01:23:19,160
Speaker 1: this guy doesn't know what he's talking about. Uh. These

1473
01:23:19,200 --> 01:23:21,519
Speaker 1: two things together led to a mass exodus that was

1474
01:23:21,560 --> 01:23:25,679
Speaker 1: exacerbated by a disastrous town meeting in which Bernard accused

1475
01:23:25,720 --> 01:23:30,799
Speaker 1: everyone else of committing my favorite term ever, physical culture treason.

1476
01:23:35,439 --> 01:23:44,639
Speaker 1: What a perfect maniac, physical culture treason. Oh that's good,

1477
01:23:44,920 --> 01:23:47,920
Speaker 1: he's very funny. By nineteen o seven, he and his

1478
01:23:47,960 --> 01:23:50,840
Speaker 1: operation We're back in New York City. By nineteen ten,

1479
01:23:50,920 --> 01:23:53,120
Speaker 1: he'd written another eight books, and he'd opened a chain

1480
01:23:53,160 --> 01:23:56,080
Speaker 1: of health food restaurants that sold healthy meals for one cent.

1481
01:23:56,479 --> 01:23:59,080
Speaker 1: And these do seem to have been pretty good. He

1482
01:23:59,200 --> 01:24:02,439
Speaker 1: also sent three years Sorry, I'm just doing and I

1483
01:24:02,479 --> 01:24:05,880
Speaker 1: don't think they're not good books, Caitlin. He's like, he's

1484
01:24:05,920 --> 01:24:09,600
Speaker 1: like Stephen King, but with health shit right, Okay, what

1485
01:24:09,720 --> 01:24:12,120
Speaker 1: if a car made you fit? I don't know whatever.

1486
01:24:12,560 --> 01:24:15,360
Speaker 1: So he also founded a chain of health attori ums,

1487
01:24:15,479 --> 01:24:18,200
Speaker 1: most of which operated similarly to the health Club at

1488
01:24:18,200 --> 01:24:23,040
Speaker 1: Battle Creek operated by Dr Harvey Kellogg. Bernar personally created

1489
01:24:23,040 --> 01:24:25,240
Speaker 1: treatment plans for each of the patrons who showed up

1490
01:24:25,280 --> 01:24:28,200
Speaker 1: at his health actorium for extended stays. Most of his

1491
01:24:28,240 --> 01:24:32,479
Speaker 1: treatments involved fasting or starvation. Um. And that's what we're

1492
01:24:32,479 --> 01:24:35,160
Speaker 1: going to end for part one. Caitlin. We have a

1493
01:24:35,200 --> 01:24:37,479
Speaker 1: good bit more of Bernard's tale to tell, but that's

1494
01:24:37,479 --> 01:24:39,920
Speaker 1: going to have to wait until Thursday. Until then, do

1495
01:24:39,920 --> 01:24:44,639
Speaker 1: you be pluggables to plug? Oh goodness, I do, and

1496
01:24:44,720 --> 01:24:48,280
Speaker 1: they are this. You can follow me on Instagram and

1497
01:24:48,560 --> 01:24:52,720
Speaker 1: Twitter at Caitlin Durante, and you can check out the

1498
01:24:52,920 --> 01:24:55,679
Speaker 1: podcast that I co host with Jamie Loftus called The

1499
01:24:55,680 --> 01:24:59,560
Speaker 1: Bechtel Cast, in which we examine movies through an intersectional

1500
01:24:59,640 --> 01:25:03,719
Speaker 1: femine list lens. And of course you can find Caitlin

1501
01:25:03,800 --> 01:25:10,880
Speaker 1: at Physical Culture City um Born and Raised and Raised BOYD.

1502
01:25:10,880 --> 01:25:11,360
Speaker 1: Here we Go.